The concept of anti-commercial residential cinema and public space
Plato's Cave is the first cinema of mankind; the design concept of this project begins with the allegory of Plato's Cave, where one sees both the consciously presented world and the shadow of the real world. Virtual light and shadow are projected in the dark, soundproof cinema space underground, while real sunlight slants down in the open, continuous public space, accompanied by cultural and social spaces。
The operation of modern cinema is closely tied to capital and consumption, often serving a single purpose. Research shows the venue is near a residential area in the Hongkou district of Shanghai, with a rich urban history, and is close to the first cinema in the area. Cinemas take up less space than theatres and are more accessible to the public, making them more suitable for this venue's size and location.
Based on this, the design proposes the idea of a 'beacon of culture', focusing on activities before and after the film to transform the cinema into a multifunctional space. This allows for a cultural experience beyond the usual single-function model. Activities like exhibitions, readings, and coffee can be added to the darkened space, before, during, or after the film, creating a more dynamic environment. The experience culminates in a transition from virtual to real light and shadow, encouraging exploration and understanding of the real world through communication, rather than just eating and shopping like in a mall.
The analysis of the street scale reveals that the site has the potential to become a vibrant community activity center. By concentrating the main functions on the ground floor and above, the ground surface can be returned to the residents for their activities. This approach would create a transparent green landscape with a distinct atmosphere, contrasting with the highdensity residential buildings. It also establishes a connection between the site and the surrounding environment, promoting social sustainability.
Additionally, the site can serve as an event space for various activities, further enriching the community experience. This openness allows residents to gather, engage in social activities, and cultivate a strong sense of community, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and cohesive urban environment.
GROUND SURFACE SPACE
Theatres
FILMGOERS' CIRCULATION
ARRANGEMENT OF FUNCTIONS
For the arrangement of functions, the design is mainly divided into underground, surface and above-ground parts. I have deconstructed the functional spaces with different lighting needs and recomposed these black, white and grey boxes.
For the underground space, due to the theatre's need for sound insulation and light, the underground space can be well insulated and create a dark space.For the above ground space, the exhibition
the cantilevered structure, which is an expression of the cultural beacon in the design concept, there is the
02 | ADAPTIVE FACADE
Performative multi-functional envelope : An adaptive modular facade system with a kinetic photovoltaic panels
Interest in the use of kinetic envelopes in architecture has grown in recent years. On the one hand, digital design processes are available to bring kinetic concepts to life. On the other hand, there is a desire to have active building elements to regulate building performance and create a more comfortable built environment. The advent of digital design processes has made the concept of kinetic energy a reality.
This design explores the design and application of an adaptive facade in a specific context, the Suzhou region, which is located in a subtropical monsoon climate. Specifically, the design results are presented in terms of geometry, kinetic systems, energy conversion and adaptive shading effects.
When analysing the different energy flows, solar radiation is of particular interest. The mediation of solar radiation has the potential to reduce heating and cooling requirements while distributing daylight according to the wishes of the occupants. In addition, the use of thin-film photovoltaic panels as kinetic energy elements enables facades to act as generators. In some cases, this technology can offset the energy consumption of the spaces behind the envelope, increasing the sustainability of the building while creating a more comfortable indoor environment.
Solar Radiation Intensity
The average annual solar radiation in Suzhou is approximately 4.5 kWh/m², with significantly increased intensity during the summer.
Sunlight Duration
Sunlight duration can exceed 10 hours, causing buildings to overheat under direct sunlight.
Indoor Temperature Impact
Direct sunlight can lead to elevated indoor temperatures, potentially affecting occupant comfort and work efficiency.
Necessity of Shading Design
To mitigate the heat from solar radiation, effective shading design is essential for enhancing the energy efficiency and comfort of the building.
GEOMETRIC UNIT GENERATION
Geometric element inspiration Kinetic system inspiration
Concept inspiration Lilies with six petals bloom Concept inspiration
The lightweight structure and flexible folding mechanism of traditional oilpaper umbrellas inspire the design of movable façade units, combining aesthetic elegance with practical functionality, particularly for shading purposes on the facade.
Structure analysis of traditional paper umbrella
A number of bars are supported by moving the center bar up and down.
Based on the preliminary analysis, the designed adaptive façade features summer shading, solar energy absorption and winter sunlight penetration. With reduced weight, these units can be installed in locations unsuitable for conventional solar systems. In addition to energy production, they provide shading, daylight control, and customizable views for occupants.
1) A grid of continuous hexagons was first generated according to the facade size.
2) Support vertical rod and connecting horizontal rod members are generated according to the center point of the hexagon.
3) The designed hexagonal units are placed into a parameterized facade, units are organized so that subsequent groups rotate around the axis of vertical rod.
MECHANICAL AND MOTION ANALYSIS SOLAR RADIATION ANALYSIS
Two dynamic systems work together
The two motion systems are used in combination to achieve the best shading and absorption of solar energy. After obtaining solar energy, the unit begins to use the obtained energy to rotate to obtain more solar energy, and the remaining energy will be used as electrical energy storage
Opening of units
Blade is controlled by a hexagon piece moving back and forth, Placing the lever that controls the blade back allows the blade to open as wide as possible while reducing the distance of movement.
Follow light in groups
The vertical group will automatically follow the different position of the sun, in order to absorb the maximum use of solar energy, while achieving the best shading effect.
Hexagonal window in Suzhou garden
Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Suzhou
Suzhou city Jiangsu provience China
1.Light sensor
2.Electric wire
3.Structural bracket
4.Solar panel blade
5.Moving rod member
6.Motion hexagon piece
7.Support connection members
8.Hinge
9.Fixed frame
10.Vertical rotating member
11.Horizontal rod
EXPLOSION AXONOMETRY
VARYING STATES OF FACADE
In addition to energy production, the adaptive facade units provide shading, daylight control, and customizable views for occupants.In the case of different sun angles, light intensity, and climatic conditions, the two kinetic systems of the building facade can be used in combination to achieve the best possible adjustment.
The composite motion system makes the facade more environmentally adaptable. Subsequently, it may be possible to incorporate a data-driven system that allows the facade to be automatically optimised and adapted to the environment by setting different parameters.
03 | FARMLAND PLUGIN
"True rural revitalization comes from improving infrastructure and fostering community, not just building beautiful houses"
This project aims to support rural revitalization in China by addressing challenges like economic stagnation, aging populations, and rural-urban migration. It explores how architecture can create sustainable infrastructure that strengthens local industries, fosters community connections, and attracts tourism.
Nanwang Village, near Taihu Lake in Suzhou, lies at the crossroads between the village core and surrounding farmland. Known for its scenic landscapes and fruit industry, the site features production chains, packaging facilities, and roadside markets. Temporary constructions showcase the villagers' ingenuity, while spatial activities, such as informal gatherings and fruit harvesting, highlight the dynamic interplay of rural life and built form. These phenomena inspired the concept of "interlace," symbolizing the interaction between people, nature, and architecture.
Public functions like markets and event spaces align with main routes, while guesthouses near farmland offer privacy and nature immersion. Diverse unit typologies accommodate various needs, incorporating terraces, green roofs, and flexible installations inspired by temporary structures. Sustainable strategies, including steel frames, passive cooling, and green infrastructure, enhance energy efficiency and reduce impact.
The project envisions a vibrant hub where visitors experience authentic rural life, villagers gain economic opportunities, and architecture fosters sustainable development and cultural integration.
DESIGN STRATEGY
TEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION: USE OF SCAFFOLDING FOR FRUIT HARVESTING
The temporary construction phenomenon in Nanwang Village involves the use of locally sourced scaffolding materials, originally designed for fruit harvesting, reflecting the villagers' resourcefulness and adaptability in creating flexible, functional structures with limited resources.
POPULATION DECLINE AND AGRICULTURAL ABUNDANCE: A RURAL CHALLENGE
Nanwang Village faces significant population decline, with young people moving to cities, while the village boasts abundant agricultural fruit resources. The sparse tourism helps maintain a quiet rural atmosphere but also brings challenges of a shrinking workforce and rural revitalization.
UTILIZATION OF LOCAL MATERIALS
Leverage locally available scaffolding and timber to construct adaptable and multifunctional installations. These structures offer flexible spaces for mobile vendors, temporary markets, or community gatherings, blending functionality with the local material and cultural identity. This approach also promotes sustainability by reducing material transportation and encouraging reuse within the community.
Guesthouse
Guesthouse typology A section
STEEL-FRAME GUESTHOUSES AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
Steel-frame guesthouses offer fast construction, utilizing local materials and low-tech methods, providing both economic and environmental benefits. This approach reduces construction costs, minimizes reliance on external resources, and enhances integration with the local environment. The rooftop garden not only improves the aesthetic value but also contributes to passive cooling, reducing energy consumption and enhancing sustainability.
04 | MOON VILLAGE
Possibility of Lava Tubes Below the Lunar Surface: Modular Lunar Settlement Design for Long-term Habitation
As humanity continues to advance in space exploration, the Moon has become a key target for establishing long-term human settlements. The vision of creating a sustainable human presence on the Moon has gained global attention, driven by organizations like NASA and the European Space Agency. With significant progress in space technology, constructing a permanent lunar base is now a tangible goal. This presents new challenges in ensuring human survival, including addressing the extreme environmental conditions and creating self-sustaining habitats.
The Moon's environment differs greatly from Earth's, with extreme temperature fluctuations, radiation exposure, and no atmospheric protection. However, areas such as the Moon's south pole, particularly the permanently sunlit regions, present ideal locations for establishing a lunar settlement. Additionally, lava tubes found on the Moon provide natural shelter, offering protection from radiation and temperature extremes, making them a promising foundation for constructing a habitat.
This project proposes a sustainable lunar settlement, the "Moon Village," designed to support long-term human habitation. The settlement will be built within the Moon's lava tubes, taking advantage of their natural insulation. Modular and inflatable structures will be used to create flexible living spaces, minimizing transportation and construction costs. Solar energy and self-sustaining greenhouse systems will provide the necessary resources for energy and food.
The design also incorporates robotic construction and 3D printing technologies, which will be used for expanding the settlement as human presence on the Moon grows. This proposal offers a feasible approach to lunar habitation, focusing on sustainability, flexibility, and long-term expansion.
DESIGN STRATEGY
The units are arranged according to their light requirements, with those needing more sunlight placed in brighter areas. The movable platform can transfer vertically and rotate around the core, allowing for flexible adjustment of the units' positions
Temporary workshop shelters on the surface for site survey and storage.
Robots explore and modify the lava tube with 3D printing structures.
Modular assembly of first integrated functional layer.
Retain the residential modules on first floor, and the rest of modules moved to the second floor.
Exploring the interior of the lava tubes and printing support construction .
Build another underground settement with modular units installated.
The units rotate along the rail on the platform, allowing easy replacement at different stages of development.
Completion of the greenhouse, the core cylinder and first platform.
Residential modules on the first floor underground, public on the middle and experimental on the lowest.
Connections to existing systems, then develop into underground cities.
GREENHOUSE AND GARDEN
The greenhouse laboratory is located on the lunar surface and serves as the core of the selfsustaining system, supporting plant growth and providing food and oxygen for the lunar village. By recycling wastewater and carbon dioxide, the greenhouse creates a closed-loop ecosystem, cultivating plants, mushrooms, and mealworms to provide essential nutrients. The ground floor features a therapeutic garden that simulates Earth's environment, promoting astronauts' mental health and creating a relaxing garden space.
FOUR-CYCLE ECOSYSTEM
The greenhouse adopts a four-biologicalcycle system, integrating plants, animals (such as mealworms), waste processing, and carbon dioxide recycling. Through waste conversion and CO2 recovery, the system efficiently recycles resources, reducing dependence on Earth's resources and achieving a self-sustaining ecological support system.
PREFABRICATION AND INFLATION
The modular units, combining prefabrication and inflatability, ensure precise Earth-based manufacturing while reducing transport volume. They create a breathable environment and can be easily adapted to different functions. Automation and multifunctional robots handle construction and repairs, minimizing human labor. This approach lowers costs, reduces labor, and allows for flexibility and future expansion. 1. Elevator
12. Living room
Kitchen
Greenhouse ground floor plan
Greenhouse 1F plan
05 | GENERIC & TRADITIONAL
Neighborhood Center Design: Exploring the tension between modern urban development and the preservation of cultural identity
A neighborhood center provides multifunctional services for the community, promoting interaction and meeting daily needs. This concept is widely applied in Singapore and Suzhou Industrial Park, enhancing accessibility and social connections through compact design. As global urbanization accelerates, cities are becoming more standardized, often at the cost of local culture and history. The Shantang area in Suzhou, a key cultural landmark, serves both as a residential space and a tourist destination, fostering a diverse community of locals and visitors.
Generic & Traditional explores the tension between modern urban development and cultural identity preservation through three core principles: efficiency, inclusivity, and regionalism. Inspired by Rem Koolhaas's “Generic City” concept, which prioritizes efficiency and globalization, neighborhood centers are functional hubs but often lack a unique identity. In Suzhou, the challenge is integrating modern practicality with the cultural and historical significance of places like Shantang Street and the ancient city walls. Through three core principles—efficiency, inclusivity, and regionalism—Generic & Traditional explores this tension and bridges the divide between Suzhou’s past and present, creating a space that is both functional and meaningful.
The design integrates modern needs with local heritage by combining flexible, modular spaces with historical and cultural elements of the site. The use of local materials, like recycled bricks and wood, and the layout that responds to the natural and historical context of the area, reflects a commitment to regionalism and sustainability. This approach fosters a dynamic environment where modernity and tradition coexist, providing a space that serves the community’s diverse needs while respecting its heritage.
06 | ROBOTIC CONSTRUCTION
Parametric Brick Wall Construction with Robotic Arm
This collaborative project combines modern robotic technology with parametric design, using Grasshopper-generated parametric curves to precisely construct a brick wall with a robotic arm. The design not only demonstrates the application of digital tools in architecture but also explores how to achieve precise construction and structural stability in complex curved forms. The efficiency and flexibility of the robotic arm offer unprecedented possibilities for architectural design, driving innovation in construction methods.
