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Eloise Pretorius
Our South African story is interwoven with the courage, boldness and tenacity of our youth. Where others may have been filled with fear and trepidation, it was the youth of this country that stepped into the breach and clearly declared that they want what they deserve, and that they want to have a say in their future. Yes, the month of June calls for us to celebrate our youth and acknowledge their past struggles and victories, their present challenges and their hopes for the future.
The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations estimates that the unemployment rate for youth is currently three times that of adults in all regions of the world. In terms of South Africa, this statistic is potentially exacerbated by the reality amongst communities in our country where unemployment and poverty are pervasive. Yet, the agricultural sector abounds with hope for the future. Recent studies (Heifer International) have pointed to the fact that agricultural sector expansion can boost incomes of poor families two to four times1 more effectively than other industries, and boost the incomes of two out of three2 young people outside urban areas.
Our Department is proud to be part of recognising the potential of our youth in the agricultural sector and for this reason we have consistently and intentionally provided for valuable opportunities in the form of internships, bursaries and work-integrated learning programmes. Of course, our outstanding Elsenburg College is legendary for producing young professionals and the next generation of leaders in our sector.
Is it fair to say that the promise of a growing agricultural sector and the possibilities of our youth with all of their talents and energy go together? I think so.
#ForTheLoveOfAgriculture AP
EDITORIAL
Setting the scene
Agriculture loves youth
MINISTERIAL
Agriculture: Thriving on the edge of chaos
DIARY AND EVENTS
African Commission on Agricultural Statistics – Key messages for improved agricultural statistics
Agri-processing facility in the WC achieves FSSC 22000 certification
NEWS SNIPPETS
Western Cape mushroom farmer receives special ministerial award
Empowering youth in Beaufort West with career opportunities
PEOPLE ON THE MOVE
Achmat’s buzzing road to beekeeping success Seeds
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
Burgundy exchange programme 2023: Industry cellar workers
WCDoA sweeps seven awards at the Western Cape Service Excellence Awards
ECONOMIC NEWS
Western Cape food inflation brief: January 2024
SA hunting industry on solid ground
13th Africa Farm Management Association Conference
TAKING OUR SERVICES OUT THERE
CapeFarmMapper 3.0 and GIS Accolade
Limit residues – The public health significance and economic importance of chemical residue testing in food of animal origin
Celebrating Agriculture in the City –Highlights from the WCDoA Budget Speech Exhibition
Farming with saffron in the Western and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa: An economic analysis
Western Cape agricultural performance based on the agricultural survey and Census 2022
A methodology for performance measurement in beef cow herds where continuous mating is practiced
Our cover was inspired by saffron’s blooming potential and honeybee triumphs. Explore South Africa’s burgeoning saffron industry, promising significant returns and job opportunities in the Western and Northern Cape in the Elsenburg Journal on page 59. Learn about Achmat Kazie’s inspiring journey from five hives to the thriving Bee Inspired Honey Company, driven by a quest for natural remedies on page 20.
Both saffron and honeybees exemplify resilience and innovation, transforming lives and agricultural practices in South Africa’s Western Cape province.
EDITOR
Mary James (021 808 5008) mary.james@westerncape.gov.za
CHAIRPERSON
Dr Ilse Trautmann (021 808 5012) ilse.trautmann@westerncape.gov.za
SECRETARIAT
Gizelle van Wyk (021 808 5022) gizelle.vanwyk@westerncape.gov.za
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Arie van Ravenswaay (021 808 5085) arie.vanravenswaay@westerncape.gov.za
Ashia Petersen (021 808 5010) ashia.petersen@westerncape.gov.za
Daniel Johnson (021 483 3261) daniel.johnson@westerncape.gov.za
John Constable (021 808 7763) john.constable@westerncape.gov.za
Dr Lesley van Helden (021 808 5017) lesley.vanhelden@westerncape.gov.za
PUBLISHING TEAM
Publisher: Erika Alberts
Layout & design: Christopher Robin Design
Copy editor: Aletta Pretorius-Thiart
Financial director: Pat Botha
For integrated communication and publishing solutions, e-mail: media@mlpmedia.co.za
Riaan Nowers (021 808 5194) riaan.nowers@westerncape.gov.za
Vusumzi Zwelendaba (021 808 5226) vusumzi.zwelendaba@westerncape.gov.za
Sandile Mkhwanazi (021 808 7034) sandile.mkhwanazi@westerncape.gov.za
Juan de Lora (021 808 5383) juan.delora@westerncape.gov.za
OOn 26 March 2024, I tabled the Western Cape Department of Agriculture’s 2024/2025 Appropriation Budget of R1.018 billion in the Western Cape Parliament.
I was honoured to have Vivian Jacobs, the 2023 Agri-Worker of the Year, and Annemarie Verwey, a national ambassador for the Karoo, joining me.
In the Western Cape, agriculture has thrived amidst the chaos. These include issues like port delays, crime, infrastructure deterioration, protectionism, geopolitical uncertainty and load-shedding.
During the tabling of the Budget, I reflected on my five ministerial priorities and the extent to which they have impacted the achievements of agriculture during my term.
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My first priority is structured education, training and research. Over the last five years, we have provided agricultural education and training, offered short skills courses, approved financial support, introduced a New Diploma in Agriculture, and obtained accreditation for qualifications. Additionally, there has been a 77.4% increase in schools offering at least one agricultural subject.
High-quality scientific support is crucial for agricultural growth and job creation. Our research includes the Bull Project, the 17th Annual Ostrich Auction, the Alternative Crops Fund, the Western Cape Cannabis Framework and the Flyover Project.
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My second priority is farmer support
We have increased the gross value added (GVA) of primary agriculture production in the Western Cape by an average of 3% over the past four years and supported the expansion of the commercial and primary agricultural sectors. Our food security initiatives continue to make a difference in vulnerable households.
I also acknowledged the role the youth were playing in promoting food security by acknowledging Mthandazo Xabanisa,
Baluleka Sisusa and Mandla Bhomela from the Feed the Khaltsha Community Garden and Caroline Charles from Aunty Cares Home-Food Garden.
During the period under review, the Western Cape Government has supported 170 black commercial farmers and conducted 20 349 farm visits to provide advisory services.
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My third priority, rural safety, is aligned with the Western Cape Government’s focus on safety. We have implemented the Provincial Rural Safety Plan and successfully partnered with the South African Police Service, neighbourhood and farm watches, the private sector, and other structures to ensure the safety of farmers agri-workers, and rural communities.
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My fourth priority is market access
The agricultural sector grew by 37% over the last ten years, and agriculture and agri-processing exports increased from R63 billion to R104 billion.
Jacobs Jam Company (Pty) Ltd (JJC) is an exciting new Level 1 B-BBEE jam company based in the Paarl winelands district of South Africa. The company was founded by married couple Nigel and Christynn Jacobs. Both directors have extensive knowledge and experience in the agro-processing and FMCG retail industries.
Watch this!
Scan the QR code or visit shorturl.at/ube5Q to watch the video: ‘Economic Growth | Jampacked with opportunity’. Published by eNCA.
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My fifth priority is climate change
The FlyOver Project provides accurate data on crop yields and production trends, crucial for production forecasts and understanding market dynamics. The Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the Departments of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs, Development Planning, and the Stellenbosch University School for Climate Studies will further collaboration and seek global research partners and climate change funding.
Jacobs Jam Company, has demonstrated remarkable business growth with the support of the Western Cape Department of Agriculture.
The “FlyOver” is one of the unique flagship projects of the WCDoA that is used to provide upto-date statistical data on agricultural production (including smaller/ alternative crops), and track the infrastructure footprint and changes in the agricultural land use.
Read more! shorturl.at/FjL9b
The MOU signed by Karen Ross, the Secretary for the Californian Department of Food and Agriculture, and myself to promote cooperation in agriculture has been bolstered by the establishment of the Mediterranean Climate Action Partnership Agreement concluded at the recent COP28 in Dubai.
Scan the QR code or visit shorturl.at/bsjL2 to read the report by Dr Ilse Trautmann, ‘Provincial and international partnerships and pledges to fast track climate change resilience’, AgriProbe Vol 21 Issue 1 2024, p18.
In conclusion, agriculture is thriving on the edge of chaos, as illustrated by the ambitious investment plans underway for the expansion of the Cape Winelands and the development of airport infrastructure.
“Agriculture is ready to continue its mission of growing the economy and creating jobs.”
This budget, R1.018 billion, will be invested in agriculture and the economy of the Western Cape. Agriculture is ready to continue its mission of growing the economy and creating jobs.
To read my full budget speech, go to tinyurl.com/ab4cjsuw
A copy of the publication Western Cape Agriculture – A Record of Delivery 2019-2014, which provides a unique, innovative insight into my term of office, can be accessed at tinyurl.com/mvbcauvj
Scan the QR code or visit shorturl.at/hwbx1 to watch the video: ‘Know Your Minister of Agriculture’, inclusive of his five ministerial priorities. Published by Western Cape Government.
Thank you for all your love and support. #ForTheLoveOfAgriculture AP
SSouth Africa hosted the 28th African Commission on Agricultural Statistics (AFCAS) in December 2023 in Johannesburg. A significant number of African countries were represented at the event. Some of the key institutions present were the African Development Bank (AfDB), the African Union Commission (AUC), the East African Community (EAC), The World Development Bank, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, and the United
Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). This AFCAS event was jointly hosted by the FAO, Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) and the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD).
The AFCAS is a statutory body of the FAO and its meetings are held every two years. During the event, the state of agricultural statistics in the continent is reviewed and ideas are shared with member countries on the development of their agricultural statistics systems within the FAO’s Programme of Work and Budget for Africa.
Under the theme “Leveraging data and statistics for agrifood systems transformation in Africa” a wide range of speakers presented on related topics. For more detailed information on the outcome of the event, including papers presented and presentation slides, go to tinyurl.com/2edacznx
Some of the points based on the main recommendations document by FAO are as follows:
• Member countries were encouraged to better coordinate the compilation of FAO questionnaires at the institutional level, identify the correct focal point and institutions to be involved, communicate their contact information to the FAO and establish good collaboration between these institutions to adopt an interoperable system for questionnaire compilation (e.g. share point). The FAO was requested to consider the development of an online questionnaire for collecting data from member countries. It was also recommended that the FAO should organise online training or consultation targeting questionnaire focal points to explain concepts and definitions and advise on the correct way to populate the FAO questionnaire.
• It was recommended that the FAO in the context of the potential expansion of the Global Strategy on Agricultural and Rural Statistics (GSARS), should maintain existing packages of GSARS-II and consider expansion to include the use of Earth Observation (EO) data and methods of statistics, the application of forecasting methods, conduct impact assessment, use of free statistical software (R, Python) and the development of new training modalities (e.g. e-learning).
The outcome of the AFCAS re-emphasised the importance of a coordinated and integrated approach for agricultural statistics data collection at a country level. Furthermore, the need to build capacity in agricultural statistics was also mentioned.
• The following institutions, namely AfDB, AFRISTAT, UNECA, IFAD and AUC, were commended for their work in the areas of statistical capacity building development, modernisation and transformation of national African statistical systems, and strengthening of agricultural data use and the monitoring of The Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) implementation.
• It was recommended that the member countries establish a good national coordination mechanism between CAADP focal points and relevant institutions in charge of producing agricultural statistics to facilitate the monitoring of the CAADP implementation, improve the coherence
“The Western Cape Department of Agriculture promotes evidence-based and data-driven research to inform planning and decision-making in the industry.”
and quality of the data reported in biennial reviews (BR), and further disseminate and reflect on the national BR results and lessons learned from the reporting process at the national level.
• It was also recommended that member countries consider embracing modern data science techniques and nonconventional sources to stay relevant and efficient in a data-driven world.
• Member countries were encouraged to use the Food and Agriculture Microdata (FAM) Catalogue to disseminate or redistribute microdata related to food and agriculture and associated metadata to increase their overall visibility and use.
• The FAO is to continue supporting countries in the area of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) monitoring.
• Member countries were encouraged to increase their efforts in producing global SDGs indicators.
A presentation by Tshepo Pakane (Stats SA) referred to South Africa’s reports on the Census of Commercial Agriculture (financial and production statistics) for 2007 and 2017. Agricultural statistics data is important at national, provincial and local government levels. The Western Cape Department of Agriculture promotes evidence-based and data-driven research to inform planning and decisionmaking in the industry. The use of agricultural statistics within the confines of data ethics and policies is essential for informed planning and strategic decision-making by policymakers. AP
1Itani Magwaba from Statistics South Africa was elected the 28th AFCAS President.
2
The next AFCAS event, the 29th AFCAS conference, is planned to take place in the week of 20-25 November 2025.
3
The Biennial Report to the AU Assembly on Implementing the June 2024 Malabo Declaration: 3rd Report to the February 2022 Assembly is available here: tinyurl. com/44ny4vyr
For more information, contact Tshepo Morokong: tshepo.morokong@westerncape.gov.za or Riaan Nowers: riaan.nowers@westerncape.gov.za
TThe Western Cape Department of Agriculture (WCDoA) is pleased to announce a significant milestone for its agri-processing facility located at Elsenburg. In April the facility received a certificate for the FSSC 22000 accreditation, marking its recognition as a certified production facility. This achievement underscores the Department’s commitment to ensuring food
safety excellence within the Western Cape agricultural sector.
The WCDoA Agri-processing Hub together with its Agri-Processing On Wheels (APOW) is the first of its kind established in government by the WCDoA. Getting this recognition also makes it unique as it is the first government facility with this type of accreditation.
The WCDoA Agri-processing Hub started its operations in 2018 responding to objectives of advancement of the farming sector through a value chain approach while also addressing the problem of youth unemployment. In 2022, about 45% of people that were employed in the agriprocessing subsector were classified as youth.
Its primary goal is to support producers in processing their own products or applying for funding schemes to expand their businesses. The facilities are key to support clients in processing various agricultural products, ranging from meat to fruits and vegetables, while ensuring compliance with food safety standards at every stage of processing.
Learn more!
Scan the QR code or visit shorturl.at/Dt862
The FSSC 22000 certification is a testament to the facility’s commitment to maintaining the highest standards of food safety and quality. This accreditation provides a structured framework for managing food safety throughout the supply chain, instilling confidence in consumers, producers and stakeholders alike. By achieving this certification, the agri-processing hub demonstrates its adherence to rigorous international standards, thereby enhancing its reputation within the industry.
The certification of the agri-processing facility with FSSC 22000 aligns with the Western Cape’s strategic objectives of promoting excellence in food safety management systems. It enhances the region’s competitiveness in the global market by ensuring that products meet both local and international standards.
Moreover, the implementation of robust quality control measures and comprehensive training programmes ensures the continued safety and integrity of the products processed at the facilities.
The WCDoA extended its sincere appreciation to all staff members who were involved in securing the FSSC 22000 accreditation for the agriprocessing hub. Their dedication and commitment have been instrumental in achieving this milestone. This accomplishment underscores our Department’s unwavering commitment to effective food safety management systems and reinforces our role as a leader in the agricultural sector. Special thanks to Adriaan du Toit of Advanced Management Consulting for preparing and capacitating the team to put in place all the necessary Food Safety Management Systems.
Training group.
In conclusion, the FSSC 22000 accreditation of the WCDoA Agriprocessing Hub represents a significant achievement for the WCDoA. It not only enhances the facility’s reputation but also reaffirms our commitment to ensuring the safety and quality of agricultural products within the region.
Moving forward, we remain dedicated to upholding the highest standards of food safety excellence and contributing to the continued growth and success of the agri-processing sector in the Western Cape. AP
For more information, contact Londiwe Thabethe: londiwe.thabethe@westerncape.gov.za
IIn celebration of the incredible contributions of women in agriculture, two outstanding farmers stole the spotlight at the Women in Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development Annual Recognition Awards in October 2023. Zokhanyo (Zozo) Bikani, a spirited mushroom farmer from the Western Cape, was one of two farmers who received the coveted ministerial award for Best Performing Woman PES Farmer.
Minister Thoko Didiza presented awards to 45 incredible women, honouring their efforts in tackling hunger, creating jobs and revitalising
In addition to being highly nutritious, oyster mushrooms may promote heart and immune system health, encourage healthy blood sugar control, and provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
rural areas. Minister Didiza expressed the importance of acknowledging the hard work of women in agriculture, particularly the unsung heroes who are not just driving food security but also fostering economic growth through their dedication and innovation.
Thanks to training from the Grootbos Foundation, Zozo not only built her successful mushroom business, specialising in oyster mushrooms, but has become a beacon of hope for her community. She is the only one supplying surrounding restaurants and hotels in the area.
Zozo’s journey of mushroom cultivation in Masakhane, outside of Gansbaai, and empowering local women with farming skills is truly inspiring. Her mission is to teach others, especially women, how to grow their own food and become self-sufficient.
“The event was a celebration of the power of women in shaping the future of agriculture and rural development.”
Equally impressive is her ecofriendly approach, insisting on organic pesticides and using recycled material to plant vegetables on her 0.25-hectare plot. The Western Cape Department of Agriculture has supported Zozo with fencing, irrigation, seeds, seedlings, fertiliser and compost.
Read more! shorturl.at/OSeYN
The Recognition Awards weren’t just about applause; they were about giving women in agriculture a chance to shine, share stories and inspire others. With MECs of Agriculture from Gauteng, Mpumalanga and the Northern Cape in attendance, the event was a celebration of the power of women in shaping the future of agriculture and rural development, not just in the Western Cape but in South Africa. AP
IIn February this year the Western Cape Department of Agriculture (WCDoA) concluded its fourth consecutive Career Exhibition in Beaufort West, located in the Central Karoo District.
This initiative, stemming from a decision made during a World Food Day celebration in Murraysburg in October 2019, aims to bridge the educational gap for rural youth by exposing them to diverse career pathways and educational opportunities.
Beaufort West is the largest town in the arid Great Karoo region and is known as the "Capital of the Karoo". The town became prosperous with the introduction of Saxon Merino sheep. The three largest industries in the town are the agricultural sector, which is the largest employer, the transport and logistical support sector, and the tourism sector.
“This Career Exhibition had a massive impact on the future career choices of the Beaufort West youth.”
Initiated in 2021 through a partnership with the Cape Career Exhibition Association, the first Career Exhibition took place in Murraysburg and has since expanded its reach to Prince Albert in 2022 and Vredendal in 2023. The goal is to make this an annual event and extend its reach to other rural areas across the Western Cape.
This year’s Career Expo attracted 1 695 learners and 35 unemployed youth, offering them access to 26 exhibitors representing various study and employment prospects. Among the exhibitors were three provincial departments, two national departments, two universities, 17 public and private colleges, and two statutory bodies.
Japie
Kritzinger, Deputy Director of Integrated Development Planning and the
coordinator of the WCDoA Career Expo, expressed confidence in the impact of the event: “I believe that this Career Exhibition had a massive impact on the future career choices of the Beaufort West youth. All the grade 9, 11 and 12 learners from the four public schools in Beaufort West had the opportunity to explore a wide variety of opportunities showcased at the two-day event.”
Providing rural youth with a broader perspective is crucial in nurturing hope for their future. Moving forward, it is imperative to continue supporting and investing in our youth to ensure their holistic development. AP
For more information, contact Mary James: mary.james@westerncape.gov.za
JJust two years ago, Achmat Kazie from the Cape Metropole ventured into the world of beekeeping with only five hives, a passion for nature’s intricate balance and a desire to make a difference. This initial success quickly led him to start the Bee Inspired Honey Company, which now produces a diverse range of authentic raw honey and natural products made from honey, beeswax and propolis. “We collect propolis for its medicinal value and incorporate it into our various beeswax products, which range from lip balm to lotion bars and beard balm,” says Achmat. Embracing the power of social media, Achmat began to share his journey, captivating audiences with the wonders of beekeeping and the creation of his unique
products. Through his videos, he not only showcased his entrepreneurial spirit but also inspired others to appreciate the art of beekeeping.
The Cape honeybee or Cape bee (Apis mellifera capensis) is a southern South African subspecies of the western honey bee. They play a major role in South African agriculture and the economy of the Western Cape by pollinating crops and producing honey in the Western Cape region of South Africa. The species is endemic to the Western Cape region of South Africa on the coastal side of the Cape Fold mountain range.
Watch this!
Scan the QR code or visit shorturl. at/ubMgV to view a series of informative videos by Achmat Kazie and to subscribe to Bee Inspired YouTube Channel.
Learn more! www.beeinspired.co.za
Achmat’s inspiration stemmed from a personal need – his daughter’s struggle with eczema. Determined to find a natural remedy, he experimented with bee-related products to find a solution that proved to be remarkably effective.
A defining moment in Achmat’s journey came when he presented at the Value Adding of Hive Producers Farmers’ Day at Elsenburg in October 2022, where he shared on the topic of ‘Bees, by-products and the value they add. Wax & propolis: Candles, lip balms, creams, tinctures’.
This event was a collaboration between the Western Cape Department of Agriculture and Western Cape Bee Industry Association. This opportunity opened doors to new horizons and recognition for him. The Department is currently busy with an application for funding for him.
Recognition soon followed as Achmat clinched the honey category at the Western Cape Honey Competition in March 2023, held at the Spice Route Destination near Paarl. His accolades didn’t stop there; he was invited to compete at the Africa Regional Apimondia Symposium in Durban and was asked to share his insights on value-adding at the prestigious event. Achmat was acknowledged with 18 awards across various categories, recognising his dedication and innovation in the industry.
View the product catalogue! www.beeinspired.co.za/ collections/all
To name a few, he received a special prize for achieving the highest score in Value Addition, first prize in the Commercial Hive Products category, first prizes in both the Commercial Beeswax Products and Commercial Honey Display categories, second prize in the highly competitive Light category, third prize for his exquisite Beeswax Candles and first prize for his Beeswax Cosmetics.
Today, Achmat’s monthly sales have soared to R100 000, a testament to his unwavering commitment and entrepreneurial spirit. Despite operating everything from his home, opportunities abound for Achmat to scale his operation under agri-processing and to open up the export market to get South African honey and beeswax products into the European Union.
Fuelled by his passion and driven by demand, Achmat expanded his hive to 35 colonies. However, with market demand outstripping supply, he innovated yet again, sourcing honey from beekeepers across the Western Cape to meet the growing demand for his products.
Herein lies Achmat’s road to success: triumph against adversity, passion forged into success and the transformative power of beekeeping. Achmat’s story serves as a beacon of hope and inspiration, reminding us that with determination and resilience, anything is possible. AP
isiXhosa summary
Uhambo luka Achmat lokuya kwimpumelelo engokugcina iinyosi zobusi Ibhalwe ngu: Robyn Carstens Nje - ngaphantsi kweminyaka emibini, u Achmat Kazie, nongumhlali kwingingqi yesiXeko seKapa, uzidele ngokuthi aqalise ngokugcina iinyosi kwizindlwana nje ezintlanu. Eyona nto imkhuthazileyo, ziimfuno ezizezakhe njengamntu – yintombi yakhe esokoliswa sisifo sokurhawuzelelwa sisikhumba. Ekuzimiseleni kwakhe ukuba afumane unyango lwendalo, uqale ngokwenza amalinge okusebenzisa iimveliso zenyosi ukuze abenokufumana isisombululo esibonakalisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba siyasebenza. Lithe lingekaphumi nelanga, wabe se eyibona impumelelo ze wagqiba ekubeni aqalise ngokuvula ishishini eliyi “Bee Inspired Honey Company” neselivelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobusi boqobo nezinye iimveliso zendalo nezenziwe ngobusi. Ehambela phezulu, eqhutywa yindlela asewuthanda ngayo lo msebenzi kunye nokufunwa kobusi ngabathengi, u Achmat ulandise lada lafikelela kuma 35 inani lezindlwana zokuhlalisa iinyosi ezivelisa ubusi. Ngaphezulu kwaloo mzabo, kuyacaca ukuba abantu babuthenga kakhulu ubusi kunokuba iinyosi zibenza. Ngenxa yoko, uvele nelinye icebo elikukufumana ubusi kwezinye iindawo kulo lonke eli leNtshona Koloni.
Ngoku iyabonakala indlela ka Achmat neya empumelelweni. Icaciswa ngakumbi kukomelela ejonge phambili ngeli xesha ejamelene nemingeni ayahlukeneyo.
Adopt a Hive!
Scan the QR code or visit www.beeinspired.co.za/ collections/adopt-a-hive
Yinyameko nokuzithandela ezimqhubele kwimpumelelo esekugcineni iinyosi zemveliso yobusi.
Imbali ka Achmat inika ithemba nenkuthazo kuninzi lwabantu nokusikhumbuzayo ukuba ngokuzimisela nokomelela kwiimeko ezingelula, konke kungenzeka.
For more information, contact Robyn Carstens: robyn.carstens@westerncape.gov.za
UUpon discovering how food increasingly become expensive and unaffordable, Tanya van Stade from the Kuils River area in Cape Town woke up to a dream of establishing a vegetable garden in an effort to address food security challenges.
Tanya did her own further research and discovered how lucrative chilli production can be and produced bird’s eye chillies followed by 300 Carolina Reaper chilli plants, which has been declared the hottest chilli in the world according to the Guinness World Records.
Seeds that they previously preserved from chillies bought for household use came in handy at the time and Tanya started sowing chilli seeds. This was the inspiration for the business name Seeds for Life.
She planted various chilli seed varieties in plastic bags but due to restricted space in her backyard, an unutilised swimming pool was also used for production purposes. At the later stage she also ventured into other vegetables in order to intensify production, however, land became a limiting factor. Therefore, other alternatives had to be explored and requests were extended to her local municipality in an attempt to acquire available land for agricultural purposes. After a dismal failure to secure a sizeable piece of land, she leased a portion of land in the surrounding Brackenfell area for expansion. She experienced water challenges at the Brackenfell site as there was no water for irrigation, and water had to be transported between the two properties from Kuilsrivier to Brackenfell on a regular basis. This did not discourage Tanya from pursuing her dream, regardless of the cost ineffectiveness of travelling between two areas transporting water in the midst of all the challenges she was confronted with.
Although the project started in 2019 during the Covid-19 period, the Seeds for Life Farming Primary Coop officially started in 2022 when the Coop was registered. Tanya approached nine people to join
The Carolina Reaper chilli pepper is a cultivar of the Capsicum chinense plant. Developed by American breeder Ed Currie, the pepper is red and gnarled, with a bumpy texture and small pointed tail. It was the hottest chilli pepper in the world according to Guinness World Records from 2013 to 2023 before it was surpassed by Pepper X, which was also developed by Currie.
Seeds for Life are suppliers of organic seeds, seedlings, vegetables and fertilisers. Learn more! Scan the QR code or visit shorturl.at/7Iql2 to listen to the podcast: ‘Farmer's Inside Track – Seeds for Life’.
The Western Cape Department of Agriculture intervened financially to address some of the challenges, particularly infrastructural development. The Department’s infrastructural development investment was aimed at increasing efficiency and help the business become compliant in terms of basic food safety requirements after beneficiaries showed interest to introduce an agro-processing component within the project.
the Coop and four were keen to join her in the formation of a Coop to contribute significantly to the project. In the process, the South African Good Agricultural Practice (SAGAP) was required in order to operate as a fully functional agro-processing facility that can add value to the produce prior to reaching the desired markets. Hence a fully equipped smart-shed facility, obtained through the Western Cape Department of Agriculture, was set up as one of the interventions to enable them to add value to their produce in preparation for the market.
The departmental Market Access Unit under the Economics Directorate is also playing a crucial role by guiding and taking the project through food safety compliance processes to become fully compliant, while Agricultural Producer Support & Development is making a significant impact by ensuring the project is supported with the necessary training, funding and advisory services.
Through these collaborations and support the Seeds for Life Coop celebrated more achievements. Stakeholders, such as the UK Tech Hub, became involved in the development of the project. This afforded an opportunity to one of the business
representatives. She was nominated to partake in a programme whereby 60 female farmers obtained a bursary to be part of the Future Females Green Tech Hub business school. The Seeds for Life Coop was also part of an international case study that was published internationally, and according to Tanya she was the only female farmer from South Africa’s agricultural sector that was featured in the case study.
The City of Cape Town awarded the Seeds for Life Coop a Local Certificate of Acceptance in Food Premises for Productions of Microgreens.
Hosting successful market day events steadily improved Seeds for Life Coop’s position within the market environment. Despite various markets interest to buy chillies and other crops, the space issue is still a problem since they cannot operate at full capacity to supply markets.
The ultimate goal is to have an agri-tourism smallholding where a number of Carolina Reaper chillies and organic vegetables can be sourced on a large scale. AP
DDr Rebecca Mmamakgone Kgetsa Mathobela (33) is a qualified and experienced professional animal scientist who was born and raised in a rural area called Ga-Mothapo in the Limpopo Province. She grew up in the villages where most households engage in livestock farming for a living. Therefore, she wanted to study something that is relatable to her livelihood and that will ultimately grant her an opportunity to give back to her community during and after her studies. She holds a four-year Bachelor of Science Degree in Agriculture and Master of Science in Animal Production from the University of Limpopo and she graduated with her PhD in Animal Science from Stellenbosch University in March 2024.
Dr Rebecca worked on a project titled “Characterisation of smallholder pork production systems in the Cape Metropole District of the Western Cape Province, South Africa” from 2020 to 2023. This study evaluated the pork production value chain on smallholder farms in the Cape Metropole. It revealed that the health, production and meat quality attributes of pigs raised on smallholder urban farms are less desirable compared to large-scale commercial farming standards. This is mainly the result of farmers’ socio-economic circumstances and the adoption of unsustainable production and marketing practices. It is suggested that smallholder pork production in the Cape Metropole could be improved by the adoption of sustainable production and marketing practices, and the holistic integration of socio-economic, technological, environmental, institutional, legal and policy factors that influence farmers’ decision-making.
Updated and documented scientific information on the pig value chain in the urban farms gathered in this study was transferred to the smallholder pig farmers, extension officials, animal health technicians and other stakeholders through various farmers’ days, information sessions, social impact days, conferences, mentorship programmes and community engagement outreaches.
In addition, two papers from this study were presented at two international conferences (69th ICoMST 2023 in Italy and 8th AACAA 2023 in Botswana), two papers at two local conferences (56th SASAE 2023 in KwaZulu-Natal and 55th SASAE 2022 in Limpopo) and one paper at the 12th Annual Extension Symposium 2023 of the Western Cape Department of Agriculture. Furthermore, since Rebecca is working as a Senior Agricultural Advisor in the Swartland District, she will continue empowering the smallholder urban
and peri-urban pig farmers to enhance productivity and farm sustainably. The major challenge experienced in her PhD research project included the severe spread of African swine fever outbreaks in the study area, which resulted in loss of pigs, farmers not willing to participate anymore and Animal Health Technicians reluctant to assist further. Other challenges included shortage of labour for restraining the pigs, blood clotting during transit and having to be re-collected, poor handling facilities on the smallholder farms, some farmers not reachable for various reasons, some meat samples getting spoiled in the freezer due to load-shedding, and delay in delivery of some ordered items due to Covid-19 lockdown restrictions, and taxi violence and protests in the study areas, which caused a delay in the data collection. Despite the challenges, this research project was completed within the initial scheduled timeframe. AP
“
Dr Rebecca Mathobela will continue empowering the smallholder urban and peri-urban pig farmers to enhance productivity and farm
sustainably.”
Acknowledgements
Numerous efforts have been devoted to this PhD and Rebecca would like to extend her heartfelt gratitude and unlimited appreciation to her four supervisors, two mentors, fellow postgraduates and staff at Stellenbosch University, officials from the Western Cape Department of Agriculture, pig farmers in Cape Metropole District and enumerators. Rebecca was under the supervision of Prof Mapiye, Dr Molotsi, Prof Marufu and Prof Strydom, and she was mentored by Dr Chikwanha and Dr Katiyatiya. It would not have been possible to accomplish her research project in practice without the team’s invaluable support, extensive knowledge, constructive criticism, patience, and strict and vigilant supervision, which they all applied for years.
Special appreciation also goes to
the South African Pig Producers Organisation (SAPPO), Stellenbosch University Division of Social Impact (SUDSI), Technology Innovation Agency (TIA) through Red Meat Research and Development South Africa (RMRD SA), National Research Foundation (NRF) and Western Cape Government for financial support. This research project would not have been feasible without the funds provided by these institutions, and Rebecca is eternally thankful for their contribution and for taking care of the necessities whilst she embarked on this journey.
“To my mother, ‘God was never deaf to your prayers after all, He just answered’. To my powerful and generous underground gang (late father and maternal grandmother), may your departed souls continue to rest in peace,” said Rebecca.
For more information, contact Rose Horne: rose.horne@westerncape.gov.za
TThe cooperation agreement between the Western Cape and Burgundy (now Bourgogne-France Comté Region), which was signed on 12 September 2002 between the Premier of the Western Cape and the President of the Regional Council of Burgundy and renewed in 2011, includes cooperation in the areas of agriculture, trade and tourism.
Stellenbosch.
As part of the furtherance of occupational linked skills development in agriculture and agro-processing, the Western Cape Department of Agriculture, through its Programme: Agricultural Education and Training, offers an opportunity to previously disadvantaged individuals from the wine and cellar industries to gain international experience. The focus of this initiative is on Viticulture and Oenology, wine processing techniques, wine chemistry and barrel maintenance, to name a few.
This initiative not only adds value to the personal and career development of the participating individuals but also strengthens the bilateral relations between these two institutions, i.e. the Elsenburg Agricultural Training Institute and the Centre de Formation Professionnelle et de Promotion Agricole (Centre for Professional Training and Agricultural Promotion) (CFPPA), Beaune.
During 2022 ten cellar workers from different wine estates and cellars throughout the Western Cape Province were selected to take part in the exchange programme for 2023.
The following successful candidates attended various virtual classes facilitated by the CFPPA during April 2023:
• Riedewaan Hendricks from Bosman Adama
• Sean Sampson, Dillon Ambraal and Nichole Fortuin from Nederburg Wines
• Calvin Ferreira from KWV
• Sinethembu Msitho from Riebeek Valley Wine Company
• Christopher Filander from Montague Winery
• Armand Hilder from UniWines Vineyards
• Ryan Fortuin from Oldenburg Vineyards
• Dalmain Swartz from Bonnievale Wine Cellars
“The focus of this initiative is on Viticulture and Oenology, wine processing techniques, wine chemistry and barrel maintenance.”
Natasha van Schoor, Lorenzo Sebastian and Brenton Maarman from EATI were responsible for the logistical arrangements of the exchange programme. A very excited group of cellar workers attended a week-long session of visiting various wine farms in the Western Cape as part of their preparation to visit France.
Here is what Christopher Filander from Montague Winery had to say about the five-week-long Burgundy exchange programme: “One of the things that I will always remember about the programme is the mentorship from Auxey-Duresses and the importance of having a connection with the wine. Another highlight was witnessing the Rugby World Cup match between Uruguay and New Zealand.” AP
For more information, contact Sandile Mkhwanazi: sandile.mkhwanazi@westerncape.gov.za or Zenovia Parker: zenovia.parker@westerncape.gov.za
“The purpose is to entrench the WCG value of caring by appreciating and recognising employees in exemplary cases.”
TThe Service Excellence Awards (SEA) is an annual intervention within the Western Cape Government (WCG) that promotes a citizen-centric culture, entrenches professionalism, and recognises and rewards excellence. The purpose is to entrench the WCG value of caring by appreciating and recognising employees in exemplary cases. The awards this year further explores a WCG recognition system that extends to WCG citizens and provincial municipalities for encouragement of service excellence.
The following thirteen categories were awarded:
• Best Frontline Service Delivery Employee
• Best Support Service Employee
• Best Public Service Leader
• Best Public Service Innovator Employee
• Best Frontline Service Delivery Team
• Best Support Service Team
• Best Collaborative Programme/Project
• Best Public Service Innovation Team/ Project
• Best Red Tape Reduction/Ease of Doing Business
• Best Citizen Performance Individual
• Best Citizen Performance Team
• Best Municipal Project
• Best Municipality
Watch this!
Scan the QR code or visit shorturl.at/HAWzI to watch the WCG Service Excellence Awards 2024
The WCDOA received accolades in five of the thirteen categories:
• Best Public Service Leader (Exemplary) –Dr Dirk Troskie, Silver
• Best Citizen Performance Individual –Marta Klein, Gold
• Best Citizen Performance Individual –Rosaleen van As (Aunty Poppie), Bronze
• Best Citizen Performance (Team) –Eagle’s Nest Centre, Grabouw – Silver
• Best Public Service Innovator (Team) –Agri-Processing On Wheels, Bronze
• Best Collaborative Programme/Project – Junior LandCare Central Karoo Agri Schools Project, Gold
• Best Collaborative Programme/Project –Commodity Approach, Silver
Best Public Service Leader (Exemplary) –Dr Troskie, Silver
Dr Dirk Troskie embodies a “people first” leadership style, earning respect from international to local partners in the Western Cape. As Director of Business Planning, he prioritises ethical conduct and accountability, guiding the Western Cape Department of Agriculture with integrity. His strategic approach, in line with PMFA regulations, ensures financial governance excellence. Dr Troskie fosters innovation and values employees’ contributions, aligning with the core values of the WCG.
Best Citizen Performance Individual –Marta Klein, Gold
Marta Klein, born in the Central Karoo, was a prominent figure in agri-worker development. Initially appointed as forewoman in a farm butchery, she later engaged in Western Cape Prestige AgriWorker Awards, winning several accolades.
Marta championed rural initiatives, notably establishing the Central Karoo Farm Community Association, focusing on youth development, skills enhancement and empowerment of rural women. Her endeavours aimed to uplift farm worker communities and address their challenges while inspiring others to excel.
Sadly, Marta passed away on 3 March 2024.
Best Citizen Performance Individual –Rosaleen van As (Aunty Poppie), Bronze Rosaleen van As, known as Aunty Poppie or the Roosterkoek Queen, hails from Laingsburg. Despite leaving school early, she mastered the art of roosterkoek taught by her mother.
Facing unemployment and raising seven children, she turned her skill into a business, attracting customers from afar. Utilising social media platforms like Facebook and YouTube, she promotes tourism in Laingsburg, supporting the local economy and encouraging travellers to linger and indulge in Karoo delicacies.
Best Citizen Performance (Team) –Eagle’s Nest Centre, Grabouw, Silver Selwyn and Maria Koen are residents from Grabouw who set their own needs and family aside in order to serve the community.
After having to overcome many obstacles, Selwyn and Maria now successfully run Eagle’s Nest Centre, an early childhood development (ECD) centre in Grabouw.
In addition to running the ECD, they also provide services that include an aftercare facility for older children, a club for the elderly where they can socialise and address their wellbeing, and much more.
They have identified the needs of the community and have made an impact on all age groups. Eagle’s Nest has become a beacon of hope to many in the community.
Best Public Service Innovator (Team) –Agri-Processing On Wheels, Bronze Agri-processing was identified as one of the priority sectors of the Western Cape Government, given its potential for economic growth and job creation.
The Agri-processing Hub at Elsenburg (WCDoA) was initiated to promote agriprocessing entrepreneurship, minimise food wastage, and create alternative business models given the scarcity of land in the Western Cape.
The Agri-processing on Wheels Initiative
was born to bring service delivery closer the communities. Thus, becoming more cost effective from a government point of view. The Agri-Processing on Wheels Initiative consists of two mobile units, equipped with state-of-the-art machinery used for meat processing technology as well as fruits and vegetable processing technology.
With Agri-processing On Wheels, communities now have access to agricultural resources they had limited access to before the initiative started.
Junior LandCare Central Karoo Agri-Schools Project.
From left: Premier Winde with Ashia Petersen (Programme Manager: Sustainable Resource Use and Management), Deona Strydom (Deputy Director: Rural Development), Alfred Mokwele (Agricultural Producer Support and Development), Nceba Sopazi (Sustainable Resource Use Management: Engineering Technician Candidate), Jacqueline Pandaram (Chief Director: Rural Development) and Jerry Aries (Acting Chief Director: Agricultural Producers Support and Development).
The Agri Schools project was born with the main aims of being responsive to the needs of the citizens as identified through the AWHHC, creating awareness of careers in agriculture, attempting to decrease school dropouts, creating awareness of how to become involved in agriculture from an early age and contribute to food security, and building resilient communities.
This project is all about caring for the citizens of the Central Karoo. It has also brought colleagues, internal and external, closer together because they know they are doing the right thing for the right people.
Industry
The commodity approach is simply an institutional arrangement that draws in multiple spheres of government and the private sector, each understanding their unique roles, and working from the same plan, towards achieving the same outcomes.
The Department has therefore partnered with 11 commodity formations in the province, focusing predominantly on the agricultural value chains identified within the Agriculture Policy Action Plan (APAP). The APAP is an agriculture plan to deliver on the target set by the National Development Plan (NDP). AP
For more information, contact Mary James: mary.james@westerncape.gov.za
Introduction
Fof five commodities (cereals, vegetables, dairy, meat and sugar) (FAO, 2024). For example, the global export prices of wheat and coarse grain declined in January 2024 as the large seasonal producer supply increased and this led to softer cereal consumer prices, whilst rice prices surged by 1.2%, reflecting increases in Indica rice quotas.
Food inflation weakens the purchasing power, reducing the food basket items purchased at a household level. Van Wyk & Dlamini (2018) argue that a 1% increase in food prices leads to a 21.3% reduction in household welfare in South Africa (SA), consequently contributing to food insecurity. Agricultural commodities are reactive and sensitive to commodity market changes compared to other commodities. Internationally, the FAO Food Price Index (FFPI) assists us in measuring the monthly changes in global prices of a food basket
Moreover, in most countries, local staple food prices remained high and elevated due to geopolitical conflicts, insecurity and extremely unfavourable weather conditions limiting food availability and access. Additionally, global currency weakness remains a challenging factor in tightening global supply, particularly in net food importing countries, as this reduces imports due to financial constraints and ever increasing debt burdens(FAO, 2024). Therefore, SA’s food prices are influenced by international and domestic factors; load-shedding, poor infrastructure, disease outbreaks and floods have aggravated food prices and added costs across local food value chains (Abdi, 2023).
Figure 1 illustrates the South African (SA) and Western Cape Province (WC) prices of all items and food consumed and purchased from January 2016 to January 2024 year-onyear (y/y). SA’s food inflation decelerated to 7.05% in January 2024 from 13.8% recorded in January 2023.
The WC reported a food inflation rate of 6.3% (y/y) in January 2024, lower by 0.8% than the national food inflation rate. International agricultural commodity prices continue to decelerate from the higher levels recorded in the previous year due to the expected decent global grains and oils seeds harvest (Sihlobo, 2024). Therefore, if the domestic agricultural conditions improve and the country experiences a decent summer grain and oilseed harvest, the food prices are anticipated to continue decelerating during the rest of the year. SA’s agricultural production prospects remain reasonable but warm weather conditions from February 2024 could have an impact on key production regions (BFAP, 2024). The South African meat prices are similar to that of the global meat prices, which have declined for seven consecutive months, reflecting lower prices for poultry, pork, and beef respectively.
Table 1: SA & WC: Food basket inflation rate
Source: Stats SA, 2023
The WC food and non-alcoholic beverages inflation was at 0.43% month-on-month (m/m) in January 2024. Comparing December 2023 to January 2024, significant monthly food increases (see Table 1 and Figure 2) were observed in fruit (7.0%), sugar, sweets and desserts (2.0%), vegetables (1.5%) and other food (1.1%) amongst the food products driving the food price inflation in the WC.
The fruit and vegetable price increases are associated with erratic weather in key production regions, higher farm input costs, load-shedding disrupting irrigation schedules, and stronger demand for more affordable vegetables and fruits. Improved weather conditions and dam levels, and low stages of load-shedding can improve the production of these food commodities, thus improving supply and eventually reducing prices in the next months.
SA food price increases (m/m) of certain food products were linked to general elevated global energy and input costs coupled with domestic fuel price increases from surging global oil prices. There are concerns about the El Niño impact on farmers in the South African region. Suitable weather conditions are beneficial to the broader field crops, horticulture, livestock and poultry sub-sectors of SA, including the WC.
Conclusion
SA recorded headline inflation of 5.32% (y/y) and food price inflation of 7.05% (y/y)
isiXhosa summary
Amagqabantshintshi ngokunyuka kwabaxabiso okutya kwiNtshona Koloni: ku Janawari 2024
Iimveliso ezizezokuqhuba urhwebo ngezolimo ziba nento eziyenzayo yaye zibuthathaka kutshintsho lweemarike zeemveliso zokurhwebelana. Ngokomvelisi omkhulu kwizivuno zonyaka, kwinyanga ka Janawari 2024, kwihlabathi liphela, ehlile amaxabiso okuthengisa kuthunyelwe iimveliso zengqolowa nokunye ukutya okuzinkozo, kumanye amazwe yaye oku kukhokelela ekuhleni kwamaxabiso eemveliso eziphuma kuzo. Kwehle ngakumbi ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya kuMzantsi Afrika nge 7.05% ku Janawari 2024 nokuhle kususela kwi 13.8% ngo Janawari 2023. Ushicilelo lweenkcukacha ezibhaliweyo ngokunyuka
in January 2024. Whereas, the WC headline inflation was at 5.80% (y/y) and food price inflation at 6.25% y/y. Ongoing load-shedding, higher farm input costs, exchange rate dynamics, disease outbreaks and erratic weather conditions drive the inflation of food products, imposing risk and pressure on the food baskets of households in the WC. In the coming months, fruit and vegetable prices could ease down due to increased volumes and possible improvements in certain supply constraints experienced last year in industries such as potatoes. AP
kwamaxabiso okutya kwiPhondo leNtshona Koloni lumi ku 6.3% (nyaka no nyaka) ngo Janawari 2024. Kwakhona, ngoJanawari 2024, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya neziselo ezingebotywala kwiNtshona Koloni kumi ku 0.43% (nyanga ne nyanga). Xa sithelekisa inyanga ka Disemba 2023 no Janawari 2024, ezona mveliso zinyukelwe ngamaxabiso ngenyanga eNtshona Koloni zibe ziziqhamo nge (7.0%), iswekile, iilekese nezimuncu-muncu (2.0%), imifuno (1.5%) nezinye iintlobo zokutya (1.1%) phakathi kweemveliso zokutya nezibangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya kwiNtshona Koloni. Ukuphucuka kwimo yezulu, ukucutheka kweendleko kuveliso lwefama, ukuncitshiswa kwamaxesha okuqhaw-qhawka kogesi kunye nokwehla kumaxabiso eemveliso zorhwebelwano kwihlabathi kungawathoba amaxabiso ezi zintyo kwezi nyanga zizayo kwiNtshona Koloni.
References
Abdi, A. (2023). Food Inflation Surged to a 14-Year High in South Africa. South Africa, Pretoria: United States Department of Agriculture. BFAP. (2024). Food Inflation Brief: January 2024. Pretoria, South Africa: Bureau For Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP). FAO. (2024). Food Price Monitoring and Analysis: Monthly Report on Food Price Trends. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Sihlobo, W. (2024). South Africa's consumer food inflation decelerated in January 2024. Pretoria, South Africa: Agbiz StatsSA. (2024, February 21). Statistics South Africa Datasets. Retrieved February 21, 2024, from StatsSa. gov.za: https://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=1854&PPN=P0141&SCH=73781
Van Wyk, R., & Dlamini, C. (2018). The impact of food prices on the welfare of households in South Africa. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 1-10.
For more information, contact Ayabonga Sibulali: ayabonga.sibulali@westerncape.gov.za or Ntokozo Ngwenya: ntokozo.ngwenya@westerncape.gov.za
HHunting per se often gets branded by some environmental groups as the ogre operating within the natural environment and often its contribution to the South African social economy and environmental conservation is ignored. However, research has shown that if conducted in a responsible and ethical way, hunting provides pathways for boosts in local and national economies, infrastructure development, environmental conservation
through investment in wildlife species and wilderness areas. It is also vital for enhancing social development through job creation and environmental education.
Several local studies have been done to back up the above impacts on local social economies, and very recently Zimbabwean environmentalists listed the following barriers and opportunities for local economic growth in the hunting economy:
• Negative perceptions of trophy hunting.
• Realising potential tourism revenues from state and private protected areas.
• Overcoming funding gaps for protected areas.
• Increasing the flow of benefits from wildlife to local communities.
• Leveraging economic imperatives for wildlife-based land use in rangelands.
The above make a strong argument for investments in local wildlife areas but also the re-investment of benefits generated to local communities adjacent to such wildlife areas. Although arguments are often made for hunting and protected areas to share generated profits with local/adjacent communities, this article steers away from the above. The focus is rather on realistic data sourced from hunting businesses to be able to benchmark any local hunting business to that of the national average.
The popular database of the economic values generated by wildlife animal species through game auctions led to several requests. This entails keeping track of the economic value/prices of game species sought after by the local hunting fraternity. Furthermore, departmental clients requested more information on what financial values accrue from hunting as a diversification on-farm option.
Although the Western Cape generally is more recognised for its wine, fruit and grain commodities, it is also increasingly expanding into wildlife ranching, which in itself generates tourism, auction of species and hunting options. Hence this basic
Scan the QR code or click the link to download the hunting prices data: shorturl.at/PyfIZ
investigation into hunting prices of species and the monitoring thereof.
The Western Cape Department of Agriculture expanded its sphere of influence and responsibilities through the provision of demand-driven research called for by its clients. One of the challenges is to assist farming communities in researching alternatives for additional income generation and risk alleviation strategies.
This study basically started in 2023 with 71 hunting businesses sharing hunting data, but this has expanded to 180 such ventures sharing data. The various hunting species have been identified with price differences within each species depending on the sex, age and horn/ tusk sizes and especially whether it is of trophy value or not.
Although care has been taken to be able to compare apples with apples, it must be stated that bias do exist within the data, for example, the categories of hunting data differ between hunting businesses. Most businesses excluded value added tax from stated prices but some did include it. Some businesses incorporate the use of a hunting vehicle, professional hunter, trackers and permits within quoted prices while others do not. Obviously, infrastructure such as accommodation differs hugely, as well as
“This analysis found that 2024 hunting prices increased by 41,1% above that of the previous year with trophy prices following suit with an increase of 40.7%.”
some hunting businesses that charge for Wi-Fi and even DStv access, whilst others don’t. Some build the daily cleaning and use of cold rooms and even slaughtering fees in on quoted prices, and generally there is a combination of such that is found in practice. Nonetheless, the consensus is that the data demonstrated can be compared with previous years as existing bias were also experienced in those same years. Data presented is from all over South Africa with the Limpopo, North West and Free State provinces sharing the most of the hunting opportunities nationally. Graph 1 below shows the spread of hunting businesses represented:
*Unknown refers to data that was unable to be linked to a particular province.
However, given all of the above, it was found that the generated data does provide enough scope for valuable information to be utilised by both hunters and safari outfitters to budget for and/or plan the products/ services they offer clients.
From a structural point of view, it is interesting to note the trends generated by such annual datasets. It should also be noted that the more annual data is sourced, the more valuable these trends will become. For example, it was quite surprising to see the huge percentage increase in hunting prices that took place when 2024 is compared to 2023, with trophy hunting
prices skyrocketing. Hopefully, this was the result of improved hunting ‘products and services’, as well as increased demand for hunting trophies.
In general, this analysis found that 2024 hunting prices increased by 41,1% above that of the previous year with trophy prices following suit with an increase of 40.7%. This is surprisingly high and supported by social media complaints about these high prices, but as stated earlier, caution should be taken with statistics as apples are not necessarily compared with apples, although the data provides thought-provoking insights into and discussions around hunting dynamics. AP
Click shorturl.at/PyfIZ or scan the QR code to download the summarised dataset of hunting prices. Hunting businesses are welcome to share their hunting price lists with the author to increase the representation of the data footprint.
For more information, contact Riaan Nowers: riaan.nowers@westerncape.gov.za
TThe Africa Farm Management Association (AFMA) stands as a consortium of practitioners deeply engaged in the agricultural process, emphasising interests in farming and agribusiness management. This diverse assembly comprises of corporate producers, managers, consultants, researchers, academia, policy-makers, agro-dealers, farming and marketing organisations, as
well as agribusiness companies associated with agriculture, horticulture, livestock and rural enterprise. The core objective of the congress was to advance the knowledge of farm management, and facilitating the exchange of information, ideas and experiences through both theoretical frameworks and practical applications.
The overarching theme of the event, “Pathways to Commercialisation: Lessons and Insights for Climate-Smart Agribusiness Development in Africa”, set the stage for comprehensive discussions.
The 13th AFMA Conference took place in November 2023 in East London, integrating delegates not only from various African countries but also from beyond the continent.
Throughout the congress, delegates, including students, presented their research outputs, complemented by enlightening plenary sessions. A total of 22 diverse institutions participated in the conference, ranging from government
departments, academia (universities and colleges), agribusinesses and other private sector companies, as well as developmental organisations.
Dignitaries, including the Member of the Executive Council (MEC) of Agriculture in the Eastern Cape, and Deputy Vice Chancellors from the University of Fort Hare and Egerton University, delivered remarks underscoring the sector’s importance and the broader significance of farm management. Break-away sessions featured presentations of research work from various institutions.
On 21 November 2023, delegates enjoyed informative farm tours, visiting Isixhenxe Pineapple Farm just outside East London and Ncera Macadamia Farm a few kilometres away. Delegates explored macadamia orchards, followed by a historical journey to the University of Fort Hare in Alice. The farm tours explored how farming is done in South Africa compared to other African countries and how it can be transformed. At the University, delegates toured the campus, delving into political archives dating back over 50 years and visiting the art gallery. Professor Graeme Bradley, the Dean of the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, guided the delegates on a comprehensive tour.
The congress provided an invaluable opportunity for delegates to network extensively with diverse attendees. Students in particular were afforded the chance to immerse themselves in the conference setting and fostering connections. Students were also encouraged to ensure that their academic research work reaches the farmers, industry and other related fields and not solely end up on library shelves. Entertainment on the first and third day demonstrated that individuals in the agricultural sector can find enjoyment amid sessions, featuring a music band playing soothing sounds during the functions.
The 13th congress has seen many interesting papers presented, which included: Farm entrepreneurship among emerging farmers under the land restitution programme in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Knowledge management structure and effectiveness of interventions on fall armyworm (FAW) management among smallholder maize farmers in Kilungu, Makueni Country was also presented. A paper on Management: Is the agricultural Polymath an extinct species, was also shared with the delegates. Speakers encouraged farmers to join farmer associations and providing post-settlement support, including finance and training.
Two poster presentations were also presented by Sinovuyo Magqibelo, Mzwanele Lingani and O’Brien Pêrel, agricultural economists of the Western Cape Department of Agriculture. The title of the posters focused on comparative analysis of the dairy gross margin between Holstein-Friesian and Jersey cows in the Swartland and Garden Route regions of the Western Cape province. The second poster investigated the establishment cost of hops production the Garden Route region.
The fact that so many enthusiastic and youthful agricultural professionals attended the conference was excellent, as it demonstrated the desire of these individuals to advance and improve the agricultural sector throughout Africa, not only in South Africa. A significant aspect of the event saw numerous delegates actively participate, work together and establish connections across organisations, regions and continents. This can only serve to fortify the AFMA and broaden its impact. AP
For more information, contact Mzwanele Lingani: mzwanele.lingani@westerncape.gov.za, O’Brien Pêrel: obrien.perel@westerncape.gov.za or Sinovuyo Magqibelo: sinovuyo. magqibelo@westerncape.gov.za
CCapeFarmMapper (CFM) is a web portal that allows users to access and interact with a vast amount of spatial data – also known as Geographic Information System (GIS) data. Data pertaining to agriculture, natural resources and climate (and many others) can be displayed as layers upon a wide selection of base maps – some of which
will be familiar to users of Google Maps and similar applications. CFM has evolved from a simple web-based GIS viewer, aimed mainly at our own officials and rural planning partners, to a heavyweight application with hundreds of data layers and advanced functionality, serving many thousands of users each month.
The GIS team were recently awarded the gold medal in the team innovation category in the Western Cape Government’s annual Service Excellence Awards. CFM was one of three self-help tools in the submission and is certainly a
The CFM journey started in 2006 with the concept and the recruitment of a developer with rather unique skills required in the world of spatial development. The project was initially named “ALIS” – an acronym for Agricultural Land Information System. Early iterations were reliant on an open source serving environment, but by 2012 the Provincial Government had recognised the trajectory of GIS and invested in mainstream server software (ArcGIS Server by ESRI™). By 2012 the portal was running in the ESRI environment and began its rapid upward growth trajectory. Figure 1
runaway success story, having reached a far wide user base than was initially envisaged. Today we host data for many third parties and have a number of users across many spheres using the portal in their daily workflows.
shows the growth since 2017.
The fact that the project has been executed in-house from conceptualisation to the programming and development phase and considerable user support, has allowed us to be agile and responsive to new technology, new datasets and user requirements. As a result, the portal has earned a solid reputation for providing a reliable platform for the integration of many “best-available” datasets that contribute to better decision-making across the sector and within the different spheres of government.
Learn More!
Download the CapeFarmMapper 3.0 user manual shorturl.at/z04oP
Watch this!
Scan the QR code or visit shorturl.at/amQc4 to watch the video: ‘CapeFarmMapper Drawing Tools'. Published by FC Basson
Access the application!
Download the CapeFarmMapper 3.0 app gis.elsenburg.com/apps/cfm/
The included flyer graphic (Figure 2) summarises much of the functionality in the latest updated iteration, CFM 3.0. Regular users will notice a “cleaner”, more streamlined interface with a maximised “mapping canvas” – i.e., a greater portion of the user screen (be it PC, tablet or even smartphone) will be devoted to the map itself, whilst contextual menus shift to their side dock when not in use. AP
isiXhosa summary
i CapeFarmMapper (CFM) ngumatshini we webhusaythi enamandla nowenza ukuba sikwazi ukufumana ulwazo olondeleyo ngendlela obusebenza ngayo ubunzululwazi ngomhlaba wezelizwe - ijografi (GIS) iinkcukacha zolwazi, izityalo ezisemhlabeni, imiyhombo yoncedo ngezendalo kunye nemo-yezulu. Ekuqaleni, umntu ubejonga nje nge GIS, yandile ukuze ifake amakhulukhulu eenkcukacha zolwazi kwakunye nemitho yemithombo yolwazi, ngoku inceda amawaka abantu ngenyanga. Kutsha nje, kuMsitho wamabhaso nowaziwa ngokuba yi “Western Cape Government’s Service Excellence Awards”, igqiza elisebenza nge (GIS) lifumene imbasa yegolide ngoba iliqqiza elenza izinto eziluncedo olongezelekileyo kusetyenziswa iindlela ezintsha, kwakunye ne CFM neyenza igalelo eliqavileyo. Kumnyaka yowama 2006, siqale imisebenzi ethile kusetyenziswa ubuxhaka-xhaka obungafumaneka kumntu wonke (open-source) nebaziwa nje nge (Agricultural Land Information System) “ALIS”, yaguquka yaba yi CFM, nevumela ukuhanjiswa kobuxhakaxhaka neyona injini ngowama 2012, nekukhokelele kuhlumo olukhawulezayo. Ekuyilawuleni ngokwethu, isahleli iyekeyeke, iyasebenziseka kubuchule obutsha nakwiimfuno zegosa eliyisebenzisayo. i CFM se ifumene udumo ngokwazi ukuhlanganisa ngokuthembakeleyo iinkcukacha ezahlukileyo zolwazi kwintlanganisela yolwazi esilufunayo, inceda ekuthatheni izigqibo eziphilileyo kuwo onke amacandelo ezolimo nakwimvelo esingqongileyo kuyo yonke imigangatho karhulumente.
For more information, contact Dr Mike Wallace: mike.wallace@westerncape.gov.za or FC Basson: fc.basson@westerncape.gov.za
VVeterinary medicines are commonly used in all forms of animal husbandry for the prevention and treatment of disease and to improve performance in livestock production. However, chemical residues in food can pose serious risks to consumer health, particularly through the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance and direct toxic effects. As a result, residue limits are legislated worldwide and consequently analytical methods are required for regulatory oversight. Residue monitoring and compliance evaluation are also mandatory to facilitate international trade.
The European Union (EU) is the world’s biggest importer of food and offers valuable
economic opportunities for South African producers. However, access to this lucrative market is subject to extensive controls, which include guarantees of equivalence to EU domestic requirements related to residues of veterinary medicines, pesticides and other contaminants. Prospective exporters are therefore compelled to maintain official controls during production that will ensure full compliance with EU legislation. Such official controls include EU-approved residue monitoring plans and supporting analytical laboratory services to regulate the use of unauthorised and the misuse of authorised veterinary medicines in animal production. Since the EU legislative
framework offers extensive guarantees, implementation of these measures may also secure access to other important global markets for South African producers.
The determination of chemical residues in food products of animal origin is challenging due to the complexity of sample matrices, large number of target analytes and stringent method performance requirements. The magnitude of the undertaking is demonstrated by considering that diverse livestock matrices ranging from aquaculture to agriculture potentially needs to be analysed for upwards of 800
Liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry are the preferred techniques for determining chemical residues in food as they offer advantages such as separation of sample extracts, structural identification of target analytes, good sensitivity and precision, as well as multi-analyte capability.
residues, some at concentrations in the subparts-per-billion range. This context places extreme demands on residue laboratories.
The liquid phase technique is typically employed for analysing non-volatile residues, such as antibiotics and steroid hormones, while gas phase analysis is used for volatile constituents, such as some pesticides. Legislation directs the determination of chemical residues to specific target tissues, such as muscle, liver, kidney, fat or serum.
Since these matrices are inherently unsuitable for direct analysis, chemical residues must first be extracted to obtain injectable samples. Liquid extractions are typically used to solvate chemical residues while secondary steps may serve to further purify and concentrate extracts.
6 May 2024. The Western Cape Minister of Agriculture, Dr Ivan Meyer, opened the newly renovated and upgraded Provincial Veterinary Laboratory (PVL) in Stellenbosch.
From
Read more!
Scan the QR code or visit shorturl.at/yMmpv
Overall, sample preparation protocols must yield extracts that are compatible with the chromatographic technique employed, and in addition, offer good precision and recovery of analytes, as well as adequate elimination of undesirable matrix components, such as lipids and proteins. In the interest of efficiency and cost-effectiveness, highthroughput multi-class extraction protocols can be combined with multi-analyte analysis methods to determine diverse groups of compounds with differing physicochemical properties. Multi-residue methods capable of in excess of 100 compounds from diverse medicine groups are common in current scientific literature. ISO 17025 accreditation of methods used for export compliance monitoring is also mandatory.
Agriculture is an important component of the economy of the Western Cape and access to export markets is critical to stimulate economic activity and growth, create employment and to increase revenues. Residue surveillance is mandatory to enable export of food products of animal origin and the availability of an efficient and reliable laboratory service can remove many of the obstacles confronting the industry, such as long delays and prohibitive costs associated with fulfilling residue surveillance obligations through international laboratories.
For this reason, the Western Cape Department of Agriculture is committed to implement an accredited chemical residue testing laboratory service at the Provincial Veterinary Laboratory in Stellenbosch.
Learn more!
Scan the QR code or visit shorturl.at/a2eUo
Learn more!
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This implementation will follow a phased approach with initial focus on the determination of regulated veterinary medicine residues in farmed game and aquaculture matrices. Method development and validation is due to commence late in 2023. It is envisaged that at maturity the residue testing service will stimulate international trading opportunities in the agriculture and aquaculture sectors. AP
For more information, contact Flip Alberts: flip.alberts@westerncape.gov.za
IIn the heart of Cape Town, amidst the bustling streets and towering buildings, an unexpected celebration of agriculture unfolded at the Concourse, 7 Wale Street in March. It was a convergence of innovation, progress and tradition, all orchestrated by the Western Cape Department of Agriculture (WCDoA), coinciding with the much-anticipated annual budget speech delivered by Dr Ivan Meyer, Western Cape Minister of Agriculture.
In a symbolic gesture reflecting the agricultural roots of the Western Cape, Minister Meyer, for the third consecutive year, embarked on his journey to Parliament on a tractor, capturing the attention of media and citizens alike. This unique mode of transportation served not only as a spectacle but also as a reminder of the crucial role agriculture plays in driving economic growth, job creation and exports.
Central to this year’s event was the WCDoA Budget Speech Exhibition, an initiative pioneered by the WCDoA last year and now eagerly anticipated as a highlight during the Budget Speech period. Situated under the arches of the Concourse, the exhibition offered urban dwellers a rare glimpse into the innovations, achievements and contributions of the agricultural sector.
As Minister Meyers approached the end of his five-year term in office, the exhibition served as a retrospective, showcasing the accomplishments encapsulated within the five ministerial priorities established at the outset of his tenure: Structured Education, Training and Research, Farmer Support, Rural Safety, Market Access and Climate Change.
One of the standout attractions was the Agri-Processing On Wheels (APOW) trailer, which conducted live demonstrations on bread and soup making, emphasising the value addition potential of agri-processing. Attendees were not only captivated by the process but also enticed to explore the short courses offered by APOW/AgriHub, indicating a growing interest in agricultural education and entrepreneurship.
The commitment to environmental stewardship was prominently displayed through initiatives addressing climate change, river restoration and soil erosion. Indigenous trees adorned the Concourse, showcasing the WCDoA’s efforts in combating climate change and promoting biodiversity. The Worcester Nursery Project provided detailed insights into the significance of each tree, fostering a deeper understanding of the local ecosystems.
Technological innovation took centre stage with a life-sized spray drone and even a wind turbine. The Department has been pioneers in using drone technology practically in the sector. They received the RPAS Operating Certificate (ROC) from the Civil Aviation Authority in December 2023, a great feat for the sector as the sky is literally the limit when it comes to the various applications of drones in agriculture.
The wind turbine on display was crafted using 3D printing technology. This demonstration underscored the WCDoA’s commitment to leveraging cutting-edge
solutions for agricultural advancement, from research devices to agri-tech applications, spanning various domains.
The Elsenburg College and the Department’s EDI unit was also on site to highlight the various academic and internship opportunities available to youth.
The exhibition also served as an educational platform, with extension officers offering guidance on starting home food gardens, thereby promoting food security and self-sufficiency among urban populations. Innovative farming methods, such as vertical gardens and box gardens, were showcased, inspiring attendees to explore sustainable agricultural practices.
The Rural Safety Dashboard showcased the Department’s interest and investment in rural safety as our farmers’ safety is our priority, not forgetting that an attack on a farmer has a direct impact on the economy of the province as well.
External stakeholders, including industry partners like the National Sea Rescue Institute (NSRI) and XSIT, were integral to the exhibition’s success. The NSRI highlighted its collaboration with the WCDoA in delivering water safety education to rural and periurban communities, empowering thousands of children with life-saving skills.
XSIT showcased its environmentally friendly pest control solutions, reflecting the Department’s commitment to supporting economic sustainability in key agricultural sectors.
Grain SA, SA Olives, Hortgro and Casidra were among the other exhibitors offering insights into diverse facets of agriculture, from grain production to olive cultivation. Tasting opportunities allowed visitors to savour the fruits of agricultural labour, further enhancing their appreciation for locally produced goods.
The exhibition culminated in a vibrant celebration, as Minister Meyer, accompanied by members of the Prestige Agri-Worker Forum, toured the exhibits and engaged with stakeholders and citizens. The presence of the Premier underscored the significance of agriculture in the province, reinforcing the commitment to its growth and prosperity.
In conclusion, the WCDoA Budget Speech Exhibition proved to be a resounding success, bridging the gap between rural agriculture and urban communities, while highlighting the transformative impact of the agricultural sector. As the City of Cape Town reflects on this memorable event, it reaffirms the vital role of agriculture in shaping the future of the Western Cape.
Through collaboration, innovation and public engagement, the WCDoA continues to pave the way for a thriving agricultural landscape, enriching lives and sustaining communities across the province.
#ForTheLoveOfAgriculture AP
For more information, contact Mary James: mary.james@westerncape.gov.za
Farming with saffron in the Western and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa: An economic analysis
ZL Mtshiselwa, M Lingani and M Mjonono
Western Cape agricultural performance based on the agricultural survey and Census 2022
Tshepo Morokong
A methodology for performance measurement in beef cow herds where continuous mating is practiced
1Senior Agricultural Economist, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, 7607.
Tel: +27 (0)21 808 5419, email: ziyanda.mtshiselwa@westerncape.gov.za
2Senior Agricultural Economist, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, 7607. Tel: +27 (0)21 808 5317, email: mzwanele.lingani@westerncape.gov.za
3Deputy Director, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, 7607. Tel: +27 (0)78 456 2973.
Abstract
Saffron, the most expensive spice in the world has been on the market for many decades across the world. However, its commercial production in South Africa is fairly new and the best production practices are still under investigation. Therefore, the study seeks to provide an economic analysis of Saffron production in South Africa. In the 2021/2022 production season, the production of Saffron in South Africa covered an area of approximately eight hectares, with five commercial producers across the country.
Two commercial producers were interviewed in Touwsriver and Calvinia through structured questionnaires. The results showed that the production of saffron per hectare needs a capital investment of R1,76 million, whilst the gross margin per hectare for the establishment year is -R1,53 million. The gross margin for year 2 and 3 amounts to R842 442 and R1,58 million per hectare respectively. The results indicate that this commodity presents an opportunity for aspiring farmers to venture into it as the production costs associated with it are minimal. It is
recommended that farmers could begin with trials on approximately 0.2% of a hectare. Furthermore, both the public and private sectors could invest in this commodity.
Keywords: Saffron farming, economic analysis, enterprise budgets.
Saffron, the most expensive spice in the world originates from the flower of Crocus sativus. It belongs to the large family of Iridacee and to the genus Crocus, which includes about 80 species distributed primarily in the Mediterranean and SouthWestern Asia (Gresta et al., 2007). The crop is very expensive compared to other crops due to very low yields per hectare and due to its high labour intensiveness of the flower (Skinner et al., 2017). Saffron stigmas are utilised for various purposes, such as a spice in food, a dye in perfumes and cosmetics preparation and for medicinal purposes (Fernandez, 2004). Saffron is known only as a cultivated species; it propagates solely vegetatively using corms, underground
stems acting as storage and reproduction structures, and does not produce seeds or exist as a spontaneous plant.
The global market size for saffron is quite significant. In 2019, it was valued at $881.7 million and anticipated with an annual growth of 7.3% from 2020 to 2027 (Grand Review Report, 2022). The demand for saffron is on the rise and its market is expected to grow over the next few years, particularly in countries with high rapid rise in populations. Currently, the major demand comes from various sectors such as cooking spices and herbal remedies. On the production side, the country that holds the largest production share of over 90% in the world is Iran, followed by countries such as Spain, Afghanistan and France.
In South Africa, the commercial production of saffron is fairly new and therefore the best production practices are still under investigation. Currently, it is being planted (piloted) across various provinces in South Africa. In a recent report published by Fresh Plaza (2021), South Africa started its first full-fledged planting of saffron in 2021 season and the yield exceeded all expectations, with 95% success rate from farmers in all provinces. According to a report released by Laeveld Agricon (2021), South Africa has a potential to become a significant player in the export market. The production of saffron could improve rural livelihoods and income for women and create job opportunities as it is labour intensive (Bengouga et al, 2020). Furthermore, saffron offers many important opportunities for economic growth such as income from exports, whilst also assisting in establishing small-scale farmers. Not only does it assist small-scale farmers, it also offers commercial farmers an alternative source of income through diversification, given many changing factors such as market trends and climate that affect their existing operations.
The study was carried out in Calvinia/ Williston under the jurisdiction of the Hantam
Municipality in the Northern Cape Province and in the Central Karoo town of Touwsrivier in the Western Cape Province. The study adopted the use of quantitative data while purposive sampling technique was used to contact saffron farmers. Purposive sampling was identified as a preferred method to obtain the relevant data for the study. Therefore, two producers were selected as they are the biggest commercial producers in the aforementioned provinces and South Africa at large. The total hectarage for these two producers is 3.5 hectares; both having the same plant densities of 600 000 plants per hectare. To collect data from these two producers, a questionnaire was developed to map out production processes and financial production information associated with saffron farming. Thereafter, surveys were conducted. These surveys were done through face-to-face engagements to ensure that questionnaires administered to producers were well-explained to avoid misinterpretation.
The study made use of gross margin computation. This computation includes information on costs associated with the production of saffron before planting until the crop is ready for the market for the calculation of profitability. The following equation was used:
The gross margin represented by GM shows the difference between costs incurred in the production of saffron and income realised from sales. P w and Q ws denote the saffron product price and quantities sold respectively. Pyi and Qyi both represent the prices and quantities of the cost incurred in inputs used.
The gross margin analysis for saffron production in South Africa is shown in Figure 1. The plant density provided by the respondents was estimated at
R2,000,000.00
R1,500,000.00
R1,000,000.00
R500,000.00
R0.00
-R500,000.00
-R1,000,000.00
-R1,500,000.00
-R2,000,000.00
600 000 plants per hectare (60 plants per square metre) at a cost of R3 per corm. The density is based on a spacing of 15 cm between rows and 11,1 cm between plants. This density results in an output of 1 827 kg in the first year of production whilst the output for the second year and third year is estimated at 6 281 kilograms and 11 760 kg respectively. The crop is planted in autumn between March and April and is harvested in May just after 40 days from planting. According to the results obtained and shown in Figure 1, it is evident that the gross margin per hectare in the first year is negative (-R1 795 365) as compared to a positive gross margin in the second and third year (R835 599 and R1 572 592 respectively). The reason for the negative gross margin in the first year is due to a massive amount of investment in the planting material as it accounts for 95% of the total cost of production. The following years do not need planting material hence the huge jump in profitability. Output yield has an increment of 243% in the second year and 87% in the third year because corms multiply by up to 27 times in the third year of production. The yield realised takes into account plant mortality of 2%
that is caused by mice, moles and rabbits. To reduce plant mortality, farmers have opted for electric fencing, which will increase the cost of production in the following production year.
The producers emphasised that the domestic market at the moment is extremely low and more awareness about the crop is needed. The local market consumes only 5% of the local production with 95% exported to United Arab Emirates and Europe; there are however plans to export to the U.S.A and Far East. On average, producers in South Africa receive between R100 000 to R180 000 per kg of saffron for grade 1 whilst grade 2 and 3 range between R45 000 and R80 000 per kg. In South Africa, it is very rare for farmers to get grade 2 and 3.
The structural cost of saffron farming is depicted in Figure 2. The producers highlighted that the 2022 production year was challenging because the production season came very late as compared to the previous year. Additionally, in some parts of the country, there were floods whilst other regions battled with locust disasters and drought. The cost structure shows the percentage of production cost components per hectare.
Saffron farming is a highly labour-intensive enterprise due to the limited harvest time available as it needs to be concluded within a space of three weeks due to the high number of flowers that needs to be picked. Figure 2 depicts that labour costs account for 71% of the cost of production followed by crop nutrition at 3%. The rest of the production costs such as mechanisation, grading and interest on working capital account for 26%.
The flower only allows the farmer to harvest it within 24 hours once it has appeared and this can only be done at dawn and in the evenings. There is no cost attached to water because the crop needs a minimal amount of water. The water requirement per hectare is estimated at 3 000m³ (3 000 000 litres) per production season which is very low as compared to most crops.
The production of saffron in South Africa is gaining momentum given the successful yields realised in recent years. The production does not need a lot of land to realise profits, however; a lot of investment is needed in the first year and this is solely for planting material. It is important to note that the flower does not need a lot of water as this can cause fungus.
Gross margin calculations indicated that the flower is very labour intensive with huge
returns in the second year of production. The crop would be a good opportunity as a diversification crop for farmers in the Karoo region of the Western Cape. It would also lead to job opportunities for rural women and youth. There are starter packs available for aspiring saffron farmers in South Africa. The starter pack costs R15 000 and aspiring producers can get 700 corms that can cover 20m², a manual guide, soil samples, fertilisers, and technical advice for those who want to test it on their farms.
The authors would like to thank the Western Cape Department of Agriculture for availing resources to execute the study. Furthermore, the producers who participated in this study are highly appreciated. AP
References
Bengouga, K. Lahmadi. S. Zeguerrou, R. Maaoui, M. & Halis, Y. 2020. The saffron (Crocus sativus L.) cultivation introduction in mountainous oases of Algeria [Online]. Available: https://sciendo.com/ pdf/10.2478/ahr-2020-0003 [Accessed 4 October 2022].
Fernandez, J.A, 2004. Biology, biotechnology and biomedicine of saffron [Online]. Available: www. researchgate.net/publication/284408535_Biology_biotechnology_and_biomedicine_of_saffron [Accessed 24 October 2021].
Engelbrecht, B, 2021. Saffron farming information [Online]. https://saffricon.com/saffron-farminginformation/ [Accessed 23 September 2021].
Farmer’s Weekly, 2013. A guide to farming saffron in South Africa [Online]. Available: www.farmersweekly. co.za/crops/field-crops/farming-saffron-in-south-africa/ [Accessed 09 November 2021].
Farmer’s Weekly, 2021. Saffron: harvesting ‘red gold’ in the Karoo [Online]. Available: www.farmersweekly. co.za/crops/field-crops/saffron-harvesting-red-gold-in-the-karoo/ [Accessed 9 February 2022].
Food For Mzanzi, 2021. Farming with saffron in South Africa: Here’s how you do it. [Online]. Available: www.foodformzansi.co.za/farming-with-saffron-in-south-africa-heres-how-you-do-it/ [Accessed 25 September 2021].
Fresh Plaza, 2021. South Africa’s first saffron season exceeds expectations [Online]. Available: www. freshplaza.com/article/9346075/south-africa-s-first-saffron-season-exceeds-expectations/ [Accessed 2 March 2022].
Ganaie, D. B. & Singh, Y. 2019. Saffron in Jammu & Kashmir [Online]. Available: www.researchgate.net/ publication/340175045_Saffron_in_Jammu_Kashmir [Accessed 6 January 2022].
Grandview Research, 2022. Saffron market size, share & trends analysis report by application (cosmetics, food, medical), by grade (Grade I, II, III, IV), by region (APAC, MEA, North America, Europe), and segment forecasts, 2020 – 2028 [Online]. Available: www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/saffronmarket [Accessed 14 April 2022].
Gresta, F. Lombardo, G. M. Siracusa, L. & Ruberto, G. 2007. Saffron, an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 28:95–112.
Horti Daily, 2021. South Africa’s first saffron season exceeds expectations [Online]. www.hortidaily. com/article/9346075/south-africa-s-first-saffron-season-exceeds-expectations/ [Accessed: 7 February 2022].
International Trade Centre (ITC). 2022. Trademap [Online]. Available: www.trademap.org/Index.aspx [Accessed 22 January 2022].
Laeveld Agrochem. 2021. Saffron – SA poised to become big player in saffron market [Online]. Available: https://laeveld.co.za/saffron-article/ [Accessed 25 March 2022]. on saffron, pp 47–5.
Skinner, M. Parker, B.L. & Ghalehgolabbehbahani, A. 2017. Saffron Production: Life cycle of Saffron (Crocus sativus) [Online]. Available: https://www.uvm.edu/~saffron/pages/factsheets/LifecycleJune62017.pdf [Accessed 7 October 2021].
Tammaro, F. “Crocus sativus L.-cv. Piano di Navelli (L’Aquila Saffron): Environment, Cultivation, Morphometric Characteristics, Active Principle, Uses” In: Tammaro, F. and Marra, L. Eds. Proceedings of the International Conference on Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), L’Aquila, 1990, pp. 47-57.
Marra, L. Eds. Proceedings of the International Conference on Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), L’Aquila, 1990, pp. 47-57.
For more information, contact Ziyanda Mtshiselwa: ziyanda.mtshiselwa@westerncape.gov.za
1Deputy Director: Macro and Resource Economics, Agricultural Economic Services, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, 7607.
Tel: +27 (0)21 808 5195, email: tshepo.morokong@westerncape.gov.za
Agriculture (incl. forestry and fisheries) in South Africa contributes 3% of the national economy and 6% to total employment. The total income generated from agriculture and related services industry grew by 11,2% in 2022, having increased from R404,8 billion in 2021 to R450,2 billion in 2022 (Stats SA, 2022). Furthermore, employment increased from 783 745 to 814 518 jobs between 2021 and 2022 respectively, showing a growth rate of 4% (30 773).
The recorded employment numbers in agriculture and related services industry are higher than pre-pandemic employment numbers recorded for 2019, 2018 and 2017. This growth is ascribed to animal and animal products, which contributed the largest share of R172,8 billion, followed by horticultural crops at R109,5 billion and field crops at R95,4 billion (Stats SA, 2022).
Following Statistics South Africa’s release of the Census 2022 and the Agricultural Survey 2023, this report presents an overview of the performance of agriculture in the Western Cape (WC). Starting with a discussion of population growth, the provincial-level agricultural industry performance and household-level participation in agriculture. The Western Cape’s unique climate has a comparative advantage for horticultural products and it is also conducive for field crops and animal farming, albeit less in
comparison to horticulture. The province is responsible for more than half of the national primary agricultural exports to the world in value terms.
The use of population statistics along with other economic indicators, such as the gross domestic product (GDP,) are useful for determining the GDP per capita, which is often used as a proxy for measuring the average standard of living. Moreover, the population growth is indicative of the increasing demand for agricultural products and in-depth analysis of the composition of the population provide insights for policymakers to make informed decision. South Africa’s population increased by 20% (10,2 million) in the past 11 years between 2011 and 2022 (Stats SA, 2023). In the same period the Western Cape population increased at a faster rate of 28% (1,6 million). The province accounts for almost 12% share of the total national population. The Western Cape is the third most populated province after Gauteng (24%) and KwaZulu-Natal (20%).
Figure 1 shows the absolute population of the province and the relative share of the national population for each year of the Census from 1996 to 2022. For the past 26 years, the province’s population has been increasing at an annual average
growth rate of 2,5% higher than the national annual average of 1,6%.
The Western Cape province population age distribution concerning the median age is 31 years in 2022, showing a decline of 3 years from 2011 and a decline of 5 years in both 2001 and 1996. By population groups in the 2022 Census, data shows a median age of 27 for Black African, 30 for Coloured, 37 for Indian/ Asian and 45 for White.
Figure 2 reveals the regional breakdown of the Western Cape population by district for the period 2012 and 2022. It observed that the majority of the province’s population resides in the Cape Town metropole area (64%), and the City of Cape Town has the fastest-growing population, which increased at a rate of 2% per annum over the past year. Overall, the relative breakdown of the population has not changed significantly over the past
2022 % share of total (2022)
Source: Stats SA, 2022
decade, with the Garden Route (Eden) showing a growth of 1% and the Cape Winelands decreasing by 1%.
Figure 3 illustrates agriculture and related services industry employment numbers per province during the period 2021 and 2022, and the share of total employment in 2022. In both years, the WC was a major employer in agricultural and related services. In 2022 the WC contributed 26% of total national employment in agriculture and related services industry. Only six of nine provinces experienced a positive employment growth rate between 2021 and 2022, in the lead was the WC, which grew by 12,4%, followed by Gauteng at 1,6%, and Free State at 9,7%, to mention a few. Nationally, the agriculture and related services industry sales of goods and services increased from R375 billion to R410 billion in 2021 and 2022 respectively (Stats SA, 2022). Figure 4 illustrates the share (%) contribution of each province to agriculture and related industry services income generated through sales of goods
and services in 2021 and 2022. The WC agricultural sector is leading in both years, accounting for a share of 20% and 19% in 2021 and 2022 respectively. It showed a slight decline of 1% (R2,9 billion) in relative share in 2022, followed by the Free State at 14%, which has remained the same in both years. Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal’s relative shares increased by 2% and 1% respectively.
The number of agricultural households declined by 35% from 84 567 in 2011 to 54 644 in 2022 (Stats SA, 2023). A closer look at the type of agricultural activities undertaken by participating households shows more than half of them involved in fruit or crop production (55%), followed by livestock and poultry production (28%), then grain, food, crop and industrial crops (10%), mixed farming (fruit, crop combined with livestock) (4%) and other activities (3%). The data on the number of agricultural households by type of place used for agricultural activities indicates the use of backyards (64%), followed by farmland (27%) and the remaining 10% in
communal and other unspecified locations.
More than half (57%) of the agricultural households in the province are producing for their consumption, followed by 22% who produce only for sale, then 14% for sale and own consumption, and 7% for own consumption and sale. The Western Cape is a major player in the horticultural sector, and household-level agricultural activities also highlight this since more than half of them produce fruits or crops. However, the province is also involved in livestock farming. Figure 5 illustrates the percentage of livestock numbers in the province as a share of the national total. Nationally it is recorded that there are 12 million cattle and 17,6 million sheep and of those values, 5% and 13% are in the Western Cape. In the
case of goats (6,9 million) about 3% are in the province, pigs (1,9 million) about 10% and chickens (38,2 million) about 8%.
The role of agriculture in contributing to food security and economic growth is crucial in light of the growing population. However, the decline in the number of households involved in agricultural activities is concerning especially given the high cost of food and limited economic opportunities for the majority of the household in the province. However, these changes also reflect the shock on the domestic market due to extreme environmental events (e.g. droughts, fires, floods) that occurred in the past 11 years.
Coupled with the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, energy challenges and geopolitical instability in key trading markets it can be deduced why there were such major changes. The province continues to prioritise job creation, rural safety and economic growth as this is essential in keeping up with the growing population.
South Africa’s Agricultural Survey 2022 results presented a high-level overview of the agricultural industry’s performance.
Overall agriculture and related services industry income increased by 11,2% and employment numbers have surpassed prepandemic levels. Western Cape agriculture is dominant player in agriculture nationally and accounts for 26% of employment and contributes 19% of income
References
generated through sales of goods and services in agriculture and related services industry. However, the Agricultural Survey 2022 data was too aggregated and did not provide insights on the district and municipal level agricultural performance.
The lack of disaggregated data to cover district and municipalities limits the implementation of targeted interventions that are essential for removing bottlenecks in the agricultural value chains and ensuring adequate service delivery. Moreover, this is important to address in the next survey since agriculture takes place in local government, and municipal managers also rely on disaggregated data to inform their planning and decision-making, which have major implications on resource allocation. AP
Stats SA, 2023. Statistical Release: Census 2022, Pretoria: Department of Statistics South Africa
Stats SA, 2022. Agricultural Survey (Preliminary), Pretoria: Department of Statistic South Africa Morokong, Murdoch, Barends & Sibulali. 2023. Western Cape Agricultural Sector Profile, Stellenbosch, Western Cape Department of Agriculture
Disclaimer
This document and its contents have been compiled by the Western Cape Department of Agriculture (WCDoA). Anyone who uses this information does so at his/her own risk and the WCDoA and the author(s) therefore, accept no liability for losses incurred resulting from the use of this information.
For more information, contact Tshepo Morokong: tshepo.morokong@westerncape.gov.za
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
J van der Merwe, B. Booysen, R Julies, A Zulu, P Mkhatswha, I Terblanche, C Lamberts (APSD)
Dr BJ Grobler, Veterinarian, Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University
J Jordaan & students, Agricultural Management, NMU, George Campus
Service providers for performance measurement in beef herds require specified datasets from beef farmers based on restricted mating seasons. In the developing sector data recording by farmers is limited and continuous mating practiced. A workable performance measurement methodology has been developed by field workers of the provincial Department of Agriculture based on a cooperation between farmer and service provider ensuring the generation of performance data to be used for improved breeding and selection for herd efficiency and growth.
Key words: performance testing, continuous mating, beef cow herd
It is generally recommended that restricted mating should be practiced by the beef breeder for effective management and performance evaluation. Due to smaller breeding herds in the Southern Cape however, continuous mating is practiced.
The field services of the Department in the Southern Cape initiated performance measurement at land reform projects from 2011, supported by the personnel and students of the Natural Resource School of the Nelson Mandela University (NMU). Farmers were advised and trained on record keeping and the use of performance analysis for evaluation of herd efficiency
and individual animal selection. Yearlong calving necessitated the development of a methodology to evaluate herd performance. Table 1 (Nguni) and Table 2 (Tuli) run at the same project (Riversdale), show different calving patterns. Rainfall with accompanied pasture growth reaction exerted an influence on calving patterns.
TABLE 1. Calving pattern of a Nguni herd from 2011 to 2020 (Riversdale)
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TABLE 2. Calving pattern of a Tuli herd from 2014 to 2023 (Riversdale)
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The methodology for cow herd performance measurement needed to be developed for the following parameters:
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• Number of cows that was exposed to the bull annually.
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• Number of calves born, weaned and marketed (kg).
• 29>K#R;9FGF:#R;G:C@#XBDII;B@;J#)*_#J9OYL
• Calf weaning weight (corrected 205 day).
• 29>K#@D#BDR#R;G:C@#I9@GDL
• Calf to cow weight ratio.
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To ensure that the basic information could be gathered and captured a cooperation between farmer and performance team is crucial.
The farmer’s responsibility is to:
• Individually identify each animal in the herd.
• Record each cow’s parturition date and calf gender.
• Tag the calf (individual number) and link cow and calf.
• Record all mortalities.
• Record purchases and sales (animal ID, date, weights and price received).
Measurements to be performed by the performance team and/or the farmer:
• At least two physical herd measurements per annum, 6 months apart, are needed. These measurements include:
• Animal weight and gender
• Age according to teeth
• Cow hip height
• Animal reproductive phase (pregnant or empty and lactating or dry)
• Body Condition Score
The data gathered (figure 1) following the above methodology can now serve to evaluate the following herd performance:
1. Calving percentage: Calves born in the performance year as a percentage of cows and heifers at target weight for mating in the previous year. Pregnancy determination helps to obtain a more accurate figure.
2. Inter calving period from recorded calving dates by the farmer.
3. Corrected 205-day calf weight. As most cows tend to calf from late winter to early summer, the weight determination during autumn is used to calculate corrected 205-day weaning weight of calves, while the spring/early summer performance cycle are used for calves with age near 205 days.
4. Calf:cow ratio: As weaning is not necessarily practiced on a fixed day this ratio is difficult to estimate. The calculation used is to measure corrected 205-day calf weight against cow LSU (large stock unit) as deducted from hip height.
5. Weaner offtake per hectare: Calculated from all weaner sales and the weight thereof per farming hectare.
More frequent weight measurements will ensure more accurate corrections and calculations. This will result in better evaluation of different traits for management interventions and selection of superior producers to ensure sustainability and growth in production.
References
The recommended performance measurement methodology for continuous breeding beef herds is a work in progress but serves as a tool to be used to improve production efficiency in beef herds where continuous mating is practiced and limited data recording is done. In herds of developing farmers where the methodology is being implemented production progress has been achieved. AP
BISHOP, E.J.B., 1978. The performance of a beef breeding herd subjected to continuous mating in the valley bushveld of the Eastern Cape. South African Journal of Animal Science. 8, 15-18.
For more information, contact Manie Grobler: manie.grobler@westerncape.gov.za
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