Новый Солдат. № 176

Page 1

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<<lloBbiil I PttMCKall nexoTa ncpttO;Ja ynanKa 1-hmcptttt (236-565 r.r.) 2. Acucpu 11 BarpaM, 1809 1. 3. AllrlllliiCK~tc ny•uu tKII ( 1330-1515 1. r.) 4. rcpMUHCKIIC 113p31LIIOH1C"t bl ( 1935- 1945 I .1: ) 5 PuMCKaJI KOiltttu~a ncpuoJla )'lt3J1Ka H~mepuu (236-565 r.r.) 6. Con.1a1 "' warren SS ( 1939-1945 r.r.) 7. 6ttTBa npu Jlciil1uttrc, 1813 r. 8. Pbluapll op,11cna rocmtranbcpos (II 00-1306 r.r.) 9. Pi>utapll op.o.cna roctnn rutbcpoa ( 1306- 1565 r.t:) 10. AIIIIHIHCKHC pblllOptt (1200-1300 r.r.) II . Anr;utiiCKHC pbtQapu (1300-1400 r.r.) 12. 6ursa 11p11 XaTntuc, 111!7 r. 13. Apr11nncpt1J1 Hanoncotta (1792-1815 1.1.) 14. PttMCKIIii nentOHCp 15. rmvmaropbl 16. 6m aa npH A3CttKypc, 14 15 r. 17. liu 1ua npH CaJt3M3ttKC, 1812 r. 18. AHtmtiiCKue pt.tu.aptt (1400-1500 r.r.) 19. PttMctmii nentoncp (161-284 r.r.) 20. PttM 11ponts sap11apoo, ''· I 21. l>ttTBa nptt Btt rtOpttu, 1813 r. 22. CKaiiJliiH3Bbl ( 1100- 1500 r.r.) 23. (J.Jp~nuy1CKIIIi nCXOTIIIICil ( 1803- 18 15 1.) 24. PuM 11poruo oapoapon, •t. 2 25. <l>apnCbt - TlrA<CJlaJt I<OIIIIIIUa capatuut (I 050-1250 r.r.) 26. rc11p11X V II llOKOJlCIIIIC <l>p3HU.IIII ( 1416-1453 f. I.) 27. Ap,utJI PuMa: or I (cJapll .no Kottcnumura 28. PyccKIIC rpetta/lcpt.t ( 1799-1815 t.r.) 29. CaMypa11 (200-1615 1.1.) 30./\tiiiii11HI cc. '1. I 31. Aoiiuw PuMcKoii IIMneptut, 'l. I 32. BoiiHbl PHMC"'Oii lhtueptttt. •t. 2 33. Oca.:tHbtC Mannntbl I pcttllll 11 PuMa 34. Ap~Hilt Btt3attntiicKoii ll~mcpmt, ''· I 35. ApMIIll s~namltiiCKOii Jll~mepml, '1. 2 36. Buit<lt. 61rrB1>I croJtc·wcii uoihtbt: Kpccu, l lym bC, A.:ICIIKYP 37. KaponuHm 11 cpCJliiCtJCKOBaJt <!>paHIUIII (750-1300 r.1: ) 38. Pll\f nponm sapsapou, •1. 3 39. All rnocaKcbl (449-1066 r.r.) 40. Bnpuapbt. '1. I 41. Bapaapbl, '1. 2 42. PI.IIA3)>CK11C rypiiH)>hl -B. J lopMattHCKIIC J3MKII, •t. I 44. IIIIKTbl (297-841 1.r.) 45 Kc..1J.TCKIIii BOIIII 46. IIOp\13HHCKIIC 13MKII, '1. 2 47. lltllllU~ . 1460-1650 48. }]llOIICI\HC MOJI3XII· bOitllbl, 949- 1603 49. CaMypaii, 1550-1600 50. Mom OJibCKIIii BOllII, 1200-1350 51. }lp.:BIUIII ncpciiR 52 }lp.:BIIRR ACCIIPIIJI 53. Anc-tpuiicKIIii ncxmttiiCil 54 0Ca}!IIOC HCKYCCTllO JlpCBIIOCTII 55. C I CllllbiC KOIIHbiC JIY'IIII1Kil 56. Eu1ua npu Kpectt ( 1346 r.) 57. rcp\13HCKIIH T3HKIIC'I 58 rcp\1311Cimft ropllblii crpcnoK 59 Kommua KapomllllOil 60. <!>paKttHUbl 11ponm l'pcu11n ~~ PuMa 61. CapMarbl 11pO'IIIU l'r>CUIIII u P11Ma 62. JlOII/lCKIICXTbl 63. E111 B3 11p11 KaHHax 64 COilCTCKliJI 3)>\111JI ( 1970-90) 65. A curapy-nexora caMypaca 66. TaKTIIKa nexon1: 6opb6a c TaHK3MII 67. l'pauana. 1492 1. 68. Ma~JCntOKtt 69. TaMCpJ1311 II CIO apMIIR 70. Cn.la.:tttH 11 capattllllbl 71 1\p,ntR PHMa: pa11n11ii 11Cp110.1 72. '33MKII TCBTOIICKHX (lblll3pCH 'L I 73. '3aMKII TcsroucKux pwtape~i •1.2 74./l11111111HI CC: 11 -23-~ 75. /luouJuu CC: 24-38-Jt 76. KollcTaHnmononh, 1453 1. 77. Boc1maJt O.!\ClK.'la PIIMa (200-400) 78. Aoc1111aJt o.nclK.'la PuMa (400-640)

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28

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Tato.na KauyepH (ero Jllt'IHbtH orpll.ll)

llHCCeHbl 8 CllHCOK, K3K )'K333HO HHJKC, C HX

M04H3)'KH Ho6)'Maca

'IHCncu uocrliMH H nMeHaMH KOMaliAHpon.

200

60

2. <l>YJlan 11 BeTepanbt (Go fud ai karo-shu) Aro6e KauycytO 300 AMapH Ho6y11cy 100 O~taAa MacaiOKH 70 OnMana Ho6ycurc 200 KocaKa Maca.nJytlnt 20 U)"!Hl! Macauyry I 00 Haiho Macaroe 250 Xapa MacaraHJ 120 Ea6a Ho6yxapy 120 5btarara MacaKar:> 300 3TH sotmbJ cpaJK1111ttCb non mt41{biMH 3HaMCH3MJI CBOHX l\1lM311AitpoB 113 CTOpoHe TaiOlla

3. Acnrapy-Tailce (ren ep a.'Jbl • flO.Ilp 331lCJI CIIIIli 3CJtfapy)

3 (+10 3CHrapy) 06ara Ho6yxHJl:J 12 (+6S aCHrapy) CaHf)'ca MopuTOMO 30 (+ 70 ac~rrapy) Canryca Y.nJKuMHI.\Y 3 (+ I0 acHrapy) CuMocoH3 MacaMoro 20 (+50 ac~-trapy) Tana Mupo-JMOII 0 (+ l 0 acHfapy) HaracaKa )J{J{Ja-3MOH 40 (+45 acttrapy) EKora 5l.ct{)(af3 30 (+I 00 acHfapy) 06aTa MaTarOpO

llJmyp.M KfJeiiOCIIIIIOU Cl/lellbl. 3ma OfJU.Mll· mll•tecKUJII/JIJ//Ocmpm~uJ/113 ((E/um Taiko-kb> xop01110 IIOKU3bUJaenr lleyKfJOIIIUJIII>Iti oyx ca.~typaeo. Ha p11cy11Ke 60/lllbt Kapa6KaJOIIICJIII(t zpy6yw KtiJIJeully/0 cmeuy, CJ106IIO .mumcecm8o •tepllbtx :JICYK06, 11e o6pa~a11 6//ILIIU/ltte 110 n uoellb cmpe11, .rtemJI~IIX caepxy 110 IIUX.

14

60

SOO AHHaKa Karectm 150 Bana HapltMOptt 30 06an Ho6yc3lla

He113BeCTHbte caMypaH

14

DpoBIIHUHll Cypyra (Suruga) Acax11Ha Ho6yoKH 0Ka63 Maceytta

ISO

SO

0Ka6:l Yucci:i I 0

l l cH3BCCTHbtc

caMypaM

9

DpoBMHUHii ToroMt1 (Totomi) 11 MHKaaa CyraHyMa CaJlauao

40

H eH38eCTHbiC caMypalt

3

Orpll.ll KocaKa Maca.nJyMn (Kosaka Masazumi) • cj>)'Jlaii Kapo-CIO (fudai karosht: «nacneACTBctntble 8accanbl H 6nHJKaiiwtte COO,IlBHJKHIIKH>) ), COCT011Jl BCero 113

20

8CM-

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10000

B011H08. no-BHHHMOM)', OH yueJl c co-

6oli orplln 8

450

BC3llHt{)(OB, ocH08HbTX KOII-


Topuu Cyue-:M1011 flfiWJem not) aot)mi. 3ma coap~teunafl Kapmuua a .My1ee «3M tta,UJ/11111 :Ja,lfKa Hazactmo» IIOK03bl6aem .Topuu Cyue:JAIOII, pa3pe3tlfOu(eZ() Ktlfi:JICOJI(),If cemu, KOmopbte nepezopa:m:uBOJ/u peKJI. TaKu.llt (){jpa:J{)Jif ou CJwen y ti mu 111 oca:m:oeunmi Kpenocmu u npofipantbCJl K 3fi.MKy 0K003fiKII C fi060CntH.IIIll, 'IIIlO ZUpHU3011 fiQXf)OIIfiiCJl na zpamt Kanumyllll t(llll.

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HHKOB KocaKa. ,ll,soe 113 CCMbH KocaKa - C)'l<eHo6y (Sukenobu) 11 Maca-

TeM 6onee, c o6he.zu•Hem•ol1 apMHei1 O.na 11 ToKyrasa.

phlH nnaHHposan 6btCTpO 33XB3THTb 0Ka)l33KH, HC110Jlb3YJI npe.narenbCTBO 8 OKPYlKCHHH TOKyra8a, He BCTyHaJI 8 6oi1 HR C ero 3pMHCH, H11, 411Cna CBI1ACTCflbCT8YIOT, 'ITO

3)'MH - cpaJKanHCb np11 HaracHHO, 11 o6a 6bmH y6HTbi, HO He coxpaHH-

27

1Ip0l.lCHT 08 apMHH TaKJ.Ua np11

4

HaraCHHO COCTOllnO 113 CaMypae8 11 TQnbKO

M3H.UOB3HHCM.

ttAten H lj>HTHJlbHbie PYlKhll. Tpa.aHUHOHHO TaK3.ll.a .nenan CTasey Ha Tll-

B cyMMe apMHJI, wc)J.WaSI K Haracm10, BKmoqana Mypaes, K KOTOpOM HMO .ll0638HTb Cll{C

55

4199 KOHHbiX ca-

npoueHTa

(655

nocb Htl 'lHCJlCHHOCTH, HH ltM Cil BC3llHHKOB, H3XO)J.HBWHXCSI nO,U HX KO-

80H.HOB)

lKenyJO KOHHHl.lY, a He tla MynJKCTep08. llocneey!OLUCC OnHCaHHe pacCKalKCT, KaK ::YTH

KOM3HJIHpOB, DCpe'IHCflCH-

4254

BClUll!I!Ka HCnOnb308aJIHCb B XO.Ue aTaKH BO spe-

IlblX BblUJC. H eCKOJlbKO CCMCHCTB, 80CB3BW11X Ha CCBCpe, nocnano TOnb-

MJI cpalKCHHJI npH HaraCIIIIO. lloKa .I{OCTaTOqHO OTMCTH'Ib, 'ITO He MC-

KO llByx-Tpex CalllypaCB B KaqeCT8C KOM3HAttpOB. 3-ro A3CT HTOrQ80C

Bee

qucno 8

4254

HaracuHO 6bJJJO Ja.nei!CT80B3HO

9121 . 3TO OJaaqaeT,

47 npoueHTOB

CaMyp aes 6blfl0 OCT3H08JlCHO B mtHHJIX OCa,Ubl, TaK 4TO .li,Jlll

HenocpenCTBeHHOro yqaCTttll 8 aTaKe Ha flHHHII OnaffoKyrasa y T aiO-

BCll.ll)illK08. noJlllbiH cnHCO'lHbTH COCTaB apMHH Ta!O.ua

no CIIHCKaM «Koyo Gunkan» cocra8nller

125

.no OCT3BaJIOCb

qro npw

BHJI

or o6mero •mcna sou-

4031

KOHHbiX C3Mypae8, nponm KOTOpblX 0.11.a BblCTa-

3000 MYWKCTepOB.

llpOCTOH IIO)J.C4CT ll0Ka3biB3CT, qyo Ha KalK,ll.biX

qeTbipex KOHHbtx caMypaes TaK3.Qa npi!XO.I.lHnOCh no TpH acHrapy-MYW-

HOB, KOTOpblX MOr C06paTb 8 CBOIO apMH!O TaK3.Q3. B03spamaJtcb K non HOMY coCTasy apM11H, HanoMHHM, qro KalK.Qbtii

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re, neXOTHHllaM Ona TaK He Ka3aJIOCb. ApMH1! Ta10.ua co6npanacb araKo-

884 ac11rapy

If cnyr, KOTOpblC COCTaBnl!JII1

B3l'b n Tp3./.ll1l.lHOHHOH cru.typai-icKOH MaHepe 8peMeH Taj:jpa 11 MHHru.wro:

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ecnH KasanepHCT BbtlKHilaJI nocne Bb!crpena ac11rapy, OH .noC'Illfan crpen-

MHOrHC H3BCCTHbiC CaMypa11 113 Cni1CK08, OptmC).ICHHbiX Bb!WC. llo Tpa,li.M-

Ka B llpe).lenax IICCKOJlbKHX CCKYIIA. npHI-ll(HllHan&HbiM BO!lpOCOM, peweH-

l.li10HHOH l!OOJ·ICKOH TID\THKC X3'fllMO'I'O-celiKYHI-1H 880)1HJJHCb B 60i1 Ha pe-

I{bJM np11 HaraCHHO, fibtJIO, K3K 331UI1Tl.ffb <YI' KOHHHKOB acHrapy.

reH 11MCfl Jli14HYIO C811'£Y 113

watOIJ.lCM HanpaBJJeHHH 8 KpHTH'leCKHC MOMeHTbJ Cp3lKCHHJI. KalKeTcH Pa3YMHbtM C'lHTaTb, 'ITO •tHCJtO ac11rapy .nnJ~ OTpJ~.D.OB KauyepH COCTBBJlliJlO

5489

fin atlbl tlpOTII0060pCTBYJOmHX CTOpOn

llCXOTHHl.lCB, B TOM 'IHCflC H ·rex , 4!0 H3XO)lH-

flHCb IIOA JlH'IHbiM KOM311,ll.0881·1HCM 3CHrapy-TaHCe. 3TO KOflll'leCTBO

H ec~10Tpll Ha 3Ha•IttTCnb HbtH 4HCJieHHhiH nepesec s cHnax, O.na

33736 80I1HOB, KaK yKaJaao HHlKe:

Ho6yHara Ha n epabtX :JTanax KaMnamm npol!BHJI Mano HHTepeca K ne-

cocrasJlller non11y10 apMHtO TaK:>.n.a 8 Bca.n.HHK11

9121

peMeLUCHHliM TaKJ.n.a. Ero yqacr11e a KOHij>JIJ1KTe CTano aKTl!BilbiM TOn&KO

,ll,sa cnyr11 OPYlKCHOcua .li.Jlll Ka)l(.li.Oro Acurapy B xaTaMoro-celiKYHHH ,ll,pynte acurapy l-iToro

18242

ror.na, KOrJia n03ttHKna

884

Henocpe.ncTseuHaJ~

yrp03a .li.Jlll O.LtHOro 113 ero

Ha116once aalKHbiX COJ03t1HK08. Tor.na O.na Ho6yHara pewun 80CDOJib-

5489

JosaTbCll CllfY3 l.lHCH, 'lT06bt H3HCCTI1 COKpylllHTCnbllbiH y.nap TaK3na,

33736

llOKa ero npon!BHHK OnpoMCT<l1180 ACHCTB08aJI C apMHCH OOJlOBlJHHOro coCTasa. AHanOnJ4Jiall curyau;11ll c 60nbWHA1 'U1cneHilbiM oepese-

Ecmt npuHS!Tb 3a lj>aKT, •rro a cpalKemm np11 HaracuHo npHHJIJlo

1572 r.,

HO 8 TO spel'>UJ ap~meii

YlfaCTue 47 npoueHTOB apMint T an.na, KalKCTCll nnoJUte PaJYMHhlM npH-

COM O.na }"IKC 6bma y MIIKaTa-ra-xapa 8

MCHtnh TO lKC npOl.lCHTHOC COOTIIOWCH HC K '111CJ1CHHOCTII acHrapy 11

TaK3Aa KOM3H.II.08an ueno6eA IIMbfH 11 npo3opnH8hTH TaK31la C wureH.

no,llpa3ACflelUt10 TCJIOXpaHHTeneH, KOTOpbtC, nO-BII..llliMOMy, OCTMHCb

KoMaHAOBan H no6en1m. 3KcnaHCHll Karzyep11 8 MHKasa 8

oxpaHl!Tb ceMelicT80 Kal.lYepH a ero wra6-K8aprupy s Kolj>y. ApMilJI

na ll.l.leaJJhHOii B03MOlKHOCTbtO 83l1Tb pesanw 33 npoumoe nopalKeirnc.

HaracHHO np11 1'3Kt1X pacKJtanKax .nonlKHa 6blna cocroJ~Th R3

15757

Ha4anoM KaMnaHHH, JasepwHBweiicll cpalKeHReM npw HaracHHo, C'IHraercR

8011H08, pac npe)lCflCHHC 11X 00 O'rpll.J.I3M T3K080: Bca.n.a11KH

4254

AcHrapy a xaTaMoTo-cem<yiiHH l1TOfO

15757

30 MaJl 1575 r.

J.1Meuuo a 3TOT .nenb Truo.Qa Kruzyep11 TIOKHHYll csoe

)'l<penJieHHOe nOMCCTbe Uyl.lYHH-fa-<:3KH (Tsutsuji-ga-saki), KOTOpoe cefi-

,lJ,sa cnyrt1-0pylKCUOCl.l8 .llJl ~ K3lK.D.OrO ,ll,pyrwe ac11rapy

1575 r . CTa-

8508

43C 1IBJIJICTC1! ropo!IOM Ko¢y. npe.l.lbt.uyiUHH .llCHb 6b1Jl ro,ll.OBIUHHOH CMep-

415

TI1 ero orl(a, Tato.na CKHreu, 11 KallYepw >Kcr

25 80

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na.n.aH

Ha paKe csoero po,UH-

Ha llOH IIY 6btJI o6craoneH C OOnhWOH llO~ffiOH, C 110).\'heMOM

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3TH •mcna COBna,na tO'r C 0T'lCT3MH 0 cpalKeHHH, B KOTOpb!X apMHll

15000

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(kami - «6or», Suwa Myqjin),

BOHH08. Pa3BCpTb!B3-

11 6onbworo rony6oro JHaMe ttH, ua KOTOpoM 6hJJJa HanHcaHa JJ.HTara 113

HHe TOJibKO nOJIOBHIIIIOH apMHH Kn3H3 O'rpall<aeT CTpeMneHHe O.!lHOBpe-

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TaK3,ll.3 OUeHHB3CTCll npwfinHJHTCflb HO 8

v

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llocne.n.yJOmHe co6hTTMH noKmanH, 'ITO pei1.n TaK3,na no nposaHUHH MHKasa 6bl11 6e3paccy.nHo CMeJtbiM. HecMoTp!! Ha 3TO, onpeLJ.eneHH&Je raKTH'ICCKHC BblfOJU,I Heno,nrOTOBJJeHHOe HaCryllJICHHC llOJiy'IHJIO BCJJC,!(CTBHC CBOej:i HeOJf(H,[(aHHOCTH. BTOp)f(eHHe B MHKasa H3aaqaJJhiiO HH B KOeM cnyqae He nnaanpoaanoch CTpeMHTeJJhlibiM Ha6erOM, a HMeJJO CBOCH uenbiO crparemqecxofi 3axsaT 3aMKa ToKyrasa l13llcy, ero wTa6-Ksapmphi 0KM.3aKH, croJIHUhl MwKasa. B npHHUHne, B 3TOM He 6bJJJO HH'Jero Hosoro - KauyepH npocro npo,[(OJl)f(aJI arpeCC~iBH)'IO OOJIHTHI<Y CBOCfO OTUa, a pa~fKax Koropoii Ct~HreH no6eJI(LJ.aJI y MwKara-ra-xapa 11 Ho.na. llpas,qa, .!l.O 3KcrraHCHH TaK3,na nocne rex no6e.n nporuno yJf(e .n.aa rona ... Ha6er 1575 r. ocywecrBJillJICll aarrepeKOp coaeraM ero cTapmax reaepanos, KOTOpb!e npH3hlBaJII1 KocropmKHOCTH, nOCKOJlhKY KpynllbJe KOHTHHrCHThl KJJaHa 6J>IJIH 3aD,CHCTBOBaHhi Ha cesepe npOT}fB Y3cyrH .10HCHH. Ho y Kauyep11 npOTHB 3Toro 6hma csoll K03hlpHaJI Kapra - y Hero 6blna .norosopeHHOCTh C H3MeHHHKOM B 3aMKC 0KaD.3aKH, C O'leHb OTBeTCrBCHHbJM 4HHOBHHKOM B aD,MH HHCrpaUHtl ToKyrasa. I1cropHll coxpaHHJJa HaM ero HMH -Ora Hac11po (Oga Yashiro). OH ynpasnllrr llO'IrH BCe~·IH cpHHaHCOBhlMH ,qenaMH npOBHtlUHM H COCpe.[(OrO'IHJI B CBOHX pyKaX TaKYJO BJiaCTh, 4TO rOBOpHJIH, 6yD.T0 COJlHUC He .B30fi.n.er 6e3 npe.naapwTeJihHoro pa3peweHHJI Ora Hacwpo. Jib orpoMHhiX 4lwHaHCOBhiX nOTOKOB Koe-'!To nepenanano 11 caMoMy Ora, npw'leM, c ro.n.aMH cy~tMa yKpa.n.eHHoro B03pocna secJ>Ma 3aMerHo. B 1575 r. .nena KoppyMllwposaHHoro 4HHOBHHKa CTaJJH IlJIOXH, H OH BOCCTaJI npOTHB ToKyrasa, npe,nnOJf(HB OTKph!Tb sopora 0Ka)l3aKH nepeu asa11rap,n:oM apMHH TaK3)la. 3aMKOM 0Ka.Q3aKH B ro spe~·ut KOMaHuosarr ChiH Bnacrrrren!l l13ltcy Ho6yllcy (Nobuyasu), TOr)la KaK CaM l13JICY BaXO,!\HJlCll

-

a XaMaMauy B npOBHHUHH ToTOMH. noTepll CTOJJHI.lbt ,!(OMa 0Kan3aKa npwsena 61>1 K 6J>ICTpOMY Kpaxy KJJana ToKyrasa. 51cHo, 'ITO s TaKOH CHTyaUHH M~llCY CTaJIO 6hl HC .!l.O BOpOB H tie .z:tO Ora. I1MCHHO ii3 )'fOrO qeJIOBCKa uenaJJ craBKY TaK3!la Kaeyeprr npw 3asoesaHaH 3eMeJih ToKyrasa, HO llpCJf(D,C, 'ICM erO BOi1cKa JlOCTHrJJH " 0Ka.n3aKH, 3arosop 6hm pacKphn, Ora Macnpo H306JJI1 4eH, CXBa'!eH H npHI'OBOpeH K MCD,neHHOM cMepnr or npopacra10mero 6aM6yKa, D.JJJI qero npecTynHHKa 3aKonanH no rue10 B 3eMJt10, ero ronosa 6t., Jna 3aciJHKcrrposaHa .!l.epeBJIHHOH KOJJO!lKOH. iloKa pOCTKI1 6aM6yKa npOTbiKaJIR TellO H3MeHHHKa, llpOXOiKHe MOrJlH ocKop6JUirh n noprruaTh ero ropqamyro a3 3eMnH ronosy. M HOrHe iKHTenw 0KHA3aKH noMOfflH B H306JlH4CHHH H3MCHHHKa H HHl(3KOfO COCTpa,n:aHHJJ K UeMy He HCllhiTblBaJJH. ArOHHJI Ora Hacwpo ,!(JTHnach ceMh .nHeM. Hosocrrr nocTHrnH TaK3D.a KauyepH, Korua oH Haxo,!(HJJcJI s6JJH3H AcyK3 (Asuke), npofi.z:tlt s MHKasa O,llHHM H3 ca.MhJX y.!l.06HhiX rrepesanos. OH noHH.MaJt, 41'0 c ycrpaHeHHeM Ora ero Hana.n:eHHe Ha 0Ka!13aKJf CT3HOBHTCJI 6ecnepCllCKTHBHbJM, IT03TOMY llOBCpHyn CBOIO apMHIO Ha BOCTOK a HanpasneHHH UyKy,n3. Tyr ca~10e speMJI noaecnt pe% He o nonHTHKe, a o6 3MOUHHx: JaMOK UyKyD.::J Bbl3hrBan y Kauyep11 caMJ>Ie HeraTHBHbte accourrauuw- nocne cMeprrr CHHreH ero KOMeH.naHT, 0Kyuarrpa Ca.!l.aMaca, He npH3HaJI BaCCaJihHOM. 33BHCifMOCTH OT KJJaHa TaKJD.a H nepernen Ha cropoHy ToKyrasa. BnpotJeM, .usuraJICh K UyKy!l3 no 6e3D.Op0Jf(bJIM npoBifHIIHH M HKasa, Kaeyeprr HaMepesanCJI CJI(C4b eme HeCKOJlhKO 3aMKOB rrepeD, TCM, KaK OHH BepHyTCH )lOMOH. 0HH 00,!\0WJlH K peKe ToeKasa s paiioHe Ho,qa (cefiqac CHHcHpo [Shinshiro]), B TOM Me ere, r,!(e 6J>m CMepTenhHO paHeH ero OTe[(, 11 HanpaBHJJHCb no HanpaBnCHHIO K THXOOKeaJiCKOMY no6epeJf(hiO.

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neHHall )f(eJlC3ttall .nopora cneuHan&uo npose.o.eHa neTneii BOKpyr ee Kpall, 'IT06bt coxpaHHTh o6nacTh HCTOpH'ICCKOro naMIITHHKa. Ero Hcropnl!ecKaJJ BS)f(HOCTb 6blna .naat1o nOHl!Ta, H paHOH, npt1JlCf3t0U(flH K CTapOH KpeDOCTH T3K )f(C, KSK H OTKpbiTOC none, r.ne npOHCXO.llHJ13

(j)

<»

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(j) Kapa..wem:~-MOH @ To.vo>O::«upt>-.uOH ® ,\.{ecmo. omKJW XJ60pu..1 c zopHU· JOHO.U Topuu CyHt-~OH

6HTBa, :~anoae.nRDI. MyJeii cran C.llHHCTseti -

_ Jo6op 1m1 cm~o (Kil.w~HNaJt em~·

HhlM HOBbiM 3.ll31HICM, DOCTpOCHHbiM Ha Tep-

,._,,, Q H~IIU Jllllfllm.H&a COOJ1JOIU• HUii He UJUICiftH()

pHTOpftH KpCDOCTll. 3aMOK, K3KHM OH 6bt.Jl B

1575 r.,

M3Jl0 DO-

XO.llHJl H3 rp3Lilt03HbiC 6eJlbiC llOCTpOIDOI H3 K3MRJI, XapaKTCpHbiC )lii li COXp3HHBWHXCll

Na matbKO 6 Xon-~wapy)

--

H!ltlH KpeiiOCMII

o6opoHW,

16-28 1110HJI

IIDOHCKHX :l3MKOB, T3KHX KSK XJiMC.ll3H H XHKOH3. 3.ll3Htlll KpCrtOCTH 6bi1lH BblrtOJlHCHbl H3 )lepeaa C )lCpCBliHHbiMH .llOUI3TbiMH KpbtW3Mtl.

Oaitsfljiyama

KaMCHb HCrtOJlb30BaJICll TOJlbKO .!lJLII BHCWHHX CTett. YKpenneHuall o6naCT& 6wta no pa3MepaM HCBCJ1HK3, 6y)ly'IH OrpllHWICHHOH yrecaMH. Y'laCTOK, oropo)f(eHHbJH BHytpCHJiCH c-reHoii JaMKa- Xou-Mapy (Hon-maru)- HMen p33Mepbl

330

M C BOCTOKa 113 33rtll.ll H 250 M C Ce-

Bepa ua tor ( Heporn"H<I> «maru» o6o3uattan nnoUll!JlKY, 06J13CTb, paHOH, He 0611331'CJlbHO 33UIHUICHHbiH c-reuaMH HJIH pBaMH). Bo spel.!ll oca.llhl !TpH6Jll13nTCJlbRO O.llH3 tpCTb TeppHTOpHH - 'ITO K BOCTOKY H3 liH)f(HeH reppace, - 6b1Jla 0T.D,CJlCH3 OT BRyTpetmero 33MK3 C1"CHOH H HMeHoaanacb 51r&to-rypyaa (Yagyu-guruwa TepMHH " guruwa" 0003H3'lae·r IU10Ul3JlKy, OKp~CHHytO 3CMJ1liHbiMR 8aJI3?.H1). 113 .HrbtO· rypysa qepeJ aopOTa 51 rbtO-MOH (Yagyu-mon) HMCJlCll AOCTyll K HH)f(HeH CTOpOHe yreca, K peKe. B

1575 r.

BCll o6naCTb BHytpeHHero 33M-

Ka 6b1Jla 33UIHUICH3 K3MCtlHOH CTCHOH H cyXHM pBOM. B )lo6aaneuHe K XoH-Mapy, opHIWiam.UDIH •

33MOK T3K)f(C HMCJl HCCKOJlbKO BHCWHHX YKPCilJlCHHH. BTOpall JlODOJlHH'!CJlbllall CTeH3 HH-HOMapy (Ni-no-maru) oropa)f(HBana nnowa.nKy, HMCH083BWYIOCll 06u-rypyaa (Obi-guruwa), a rpeTbll cTeHa JaMKa CaH-HO-Mapy (San-no-

T~

250jlts

0

1-----~

0

200m

I

maru) orpaHH'~Haana y<tacTOK ToMoJ-rypysa (Tomoe-guruwa). B TpCTbCH CTCHC HMCJJHCb BOpOTa, HMCHOBIIBWHCCll TOM03.1l,)f(Hp0·MOH (Tomoejiro-mon, aoo6we a RnoHcKoii cpopTH<!JuKaUHH !TpHCT3BK3, HCpOr!lH<IJ «MOH» 0603H3'13CT sopOTa). Bee TPH JlHHHH yKpeiUleHuii 6b!JJH 33U(HIUCHbl C 33Il3,ll3 6&JCTpO TCKYUIHM ropHbiM pYlJbeM, KOTOpblH K3CK3,ll3MH CTeKaJl c rop B peKY TaKHraaa. C 3a!Ta,na ttepeJ nOTOK 6biJI nepe6pOIIICH MOCT H3 paBHHHy, f)lC 33IUIITHHKH o6opyAOBaJ1H J(Ba AODOJIHHTeJlbHblX yKpCDJieHHll- npe.aMOCTHoe YKVCDJieaue 6hmo 331I{HIUeHO C"TeHOH H 3CMJl.liHbiM BanOM H HMCHOBanOCb .l(aHiio-rypysa (Danjo-guruwa). Ilepe;x KHM H3X0)1Ji!JI3Cb eme O.llH3 OTKpbiTall !TJ10Ill3JIK3, 331IlHIUCHH3JI TOJlbKO CYXHM pBOM H

6bin rrepeKHHYT MOCT, BCJJ.YillHH K BOpOTaM

yKpennettHbiX xonMoa .l(ailllyJl)f(}IHMa H To)l-

KapaMeT3-MOH (K aramete-mon), 'ITO 6yKaan&-

lKHAMa (Tojiyama). C 3THX Harrp aaneHHli 6&ma

HO 03H3'13Jl.O «Tb!Jl.bHb!C BOpOTa». EcnH B Te

B03M0)f(H3 3<1J<!JeKTHBH3ll 3T3K3 Ha <l>yKy63-

fO)lbl H cymeCTBOBaJ13 K3K3li·Jl.H60 CTeH3 BOK·

Mapy. C XOJJMa 110JllKH.liMa (Ioji yama), pl!JlOM

pyr <l>yKy63-Mapy y IlO)lHO)f(bJI XOJIM3 .l(ai1uy;x-

C Ko·ropb!M paCDOJlaraJICJI. xpaM 110-,A)f(H (10-

)f(HJIM3., TO HaM CCH'i3C ~e 06 3TOM HHqero RC

ji), H3XO.llHBWHHCll B

H3BCCTHO- HHK3KHX CJlCAOB paa HJIH sana 3ACCb

33MK3, B

HeT. MO)f(eT 6b!Tb, 3TO 6b!Jl ACpCBJIHHbiH '13c-

3aMKa HaracHHo. futeHHo 3ACCb KauyepH pac-

TOKOJI, KaK BOKpyr XaTTOpn-rypyaa aa Jana,n-

nonOlKHn CBOtO WTa6-KBapTHpy, JACCb liCe 83-

HOH cTOpoae? He JTHM 6bJJ1 CHneH y'laCTOK

XOAHJICll ero

<l>YKYfi3·Mapy: Hl!Jl 3TOH CTOpoHOH KpCITOCTH

HHOB. Ha o6paTHOM CKJJOHC 110)l)f(HJIM3 pac-

rocno,llCTBOBana sepwHRa XOIIMa .l(aiiey)l)f(H-

DOIIaraJIHCb O!pl!Abl AMapH H o6yl!cy

liMa, H OOKa

cf>opt Ha 3TOM XOIIMC YACplKHBan-

HSXOJl.liJlOCb paC'lHU(CtiHOC OT neca rtpe)lDOJlbe, rrpoCTupasweecl! or CaH-Ho-Mapy .no cKJJOHOB .l(al1uy)l)f(HifM3, HMeHOBIIBWeeCJI <l>yKY63-Mapy (Fukube-maru, Fukube barbican), ouo nHDib MCC"r3MH 61>1110 !TpHKpbiTO CTCH3MH. Ha <l>yKy63-Mapy H3XO.llHJ10Cb Hj!CKOJl.bKO X03l!HCTBCH· Hb!X ITOCTpoeK. J.aecb KpenOCTb '13CTH'IHO !TpHKpblBaJI HC60nbWOH pylieH, H3 6epery KOTO· poro u 6Mna B03Be)leHa cteHa. qepe3 pyqeii

KOHTHHreHT H:l

3000 80(Amari

Nobuyasu) H 0JJ.Ma,lla H o6ycHTe (Oyamada

2000

H <l>yKy63-Mapy FIH'!ero ae yrpmf.:a.no.

CTpatem'leCKH aCI.lKBldH rrepe,llliHH cKJJou .l(ali-

BOHH3MH, KaK ap&eprapJl.

UYA)f(HJU.ta rrpHKpb!Banil OnbiTHhle reHepaJlbi

Goeaoe nocrpoeuue apMHH TaJO)la

TaK3)la Ho6yroe (Nobutoyo), Ea6a Ho6yxapy (Baba Nobuharu) u

XOAH1lHC& sopoTa Or3-MOH (Otemon), aeJJ.yK Cesepy OT 33MK3

JIH'IHhlH

Nobushige) c

Xanopa-rypyaa (Hattori-guruwa). 3.nec& aa-

H, HIIKOHCU,

1575 r. OTKpbiBaJJCll OTJIH'IHbiH 0630p

Cll o6opoHJOOmeiicll apMHeli, AOpore aa ceaep

HCOOJlbWHM yqaCTKOM CTCHbl, OH3 H33biB3JIOCb

mHe Ha 33D3A.

1 KM OT BOpOT 01"3-MOH

TaKJJla Kauyepu pewun OTKa:taTbCll OT OCliJlbi JaMKa EcH.o.a

14 H10HJJ, a peJynbtaTe ero

apMHll ITOJIBHfl3Cb y CTeH HaraCHHO

16 HtOHll.

OliMSJla MacatOKH

(Oyamada Masayuki) H ux

K

3000

COIIJlaT.

cesepo-3ana.ny oT JaMKa, aa paBHHHax

nocne Xarropu-rypysa pacnonaranuc1. no)l-

B o)f(}l.uaaau 6&Icrpoli u nerKoif no6e.U&I OH

pa3.neneHHll

p336HJl CBOtO apMHJO Ha BOCCMb DO)lp33AC11C-

Nobu t atsu), Caaa)la H o6yuyaa (Sanada

v

~

11w He

H o6yTauy

( I chijo

HHH .!lJLII O)lHOBpeMeHHOH 3T3KH CO BCex CTO·

Nobutsuna) H ~Y'~"" Macauyry (Tsuchiya

p oH. Kauyepu rpaMOTHO oueHun pacnoiiolKe-

Masatsugu), cyMMapHal! 'lHCIIeHHoCTb ux OT-

HHe 33MK3 8 CSMOM H3'13JJC OC3Jlbl. q T06bi o6e-

pl!JlOB TIIK)f(C COCT38JlliJI3

30D3CHTb ce6JJ or y.uapoa c TbJJla u <!JnaH roa,

na.ny, aa BOCTO'IHOM 6epery TaKHraaa H no-

OH DOCJlM 60JlbWHC O!pll)lbl COJ1)13T Ha WTypM

6nH)f(e K XaTTOpu-rypyaa, 6&IJIH HaiiTo Ma-

18

3000

BOHHOB.

K

33-


Ha coupi!.illl!lll/0!11 pucym:e, 6btcmau.rteHHO!II 6 .~tpee ((]a.'l lllLIIRmu JLL\IKa H azacuiiO», upazu np uuenu Topuu CyHe-3MOII ua 6epez TaKuzaua. 8 t(enO!u i>emtL'111 p11CYIIKU i>ocmamo'luo xopowu, 110 J(I.JIIOK uJo6pQJICeu zopa:JI)O fhmee KfJYIIllbLll 11 6ozamo yKpmuellllbW, c fJ(I31UH)Hbl.ilt .lltOCitUMt. TaK·" ce KaJH:emCJI, 'IIIlO xyi>t),?/C/11/K ue uei>aem, KaK 6blll1110enu ZOJI06Hbte y6opbl acuzapy.

Oi>uH t/3 60111106 TaKJOa, 0'1uau Mu'lux uca, 6bLi1 maK oocxmt(e/1 xpaopocmb/0 Topuu CyneJ.ItOH, 111110 Y/\fJUCI//1 cuoe :JHlLltR woopaJICe/111eu zepoR Hazacuuo. H a Jmalt CHILitKe KOIIIIR JH(WeHu c 113o6paJicenuf!.ll t Topuu c(jJomozpal/Jupouaua u :JLLitKe H azacu11o npu 11oi>zomoaKe e:HCeZOOHOZO ,ltalicKOZO {jJeCIIIIl6aJlJI.

caroe " 06ara Ho6ycaJ~a (Obata Nobusada) c

TaKJAa 3a6pocHJlli sepesKH c KpiOKaMJi 11a sep-

2500

BOHHa~m. )ij>yrue 110ltpa3.lleJieHJill MOf-

coxpaHHJllfCb JanMCJi a xpoHHKax. «Dynll t~a-

B

v

v

Ha-

XHIIH Kpan '13CTOKOJI8 H C JIX DOMOillbiO nepe-

Jlll araKOBllTb 33.\!0K •repe3 peKY. K 10ry or Ta-

<~ane oca.nbr (.nara 8 neronHcu orcyrCTBycr, tro

6parruCb qepe3 CTeHy B <l>yKY6J-Mapy. 3.necb

K~rra8a, a MClKLlypC'lbe TaKurasa " ToeKasa

rapHH30H 11X BCTpCTnJl rpaJ!OM crpeJI

CHHo6aHo

3ro 6biJIO, sepol!THO, 19 HIOHll) TaKJ.Ila npol!BHJI 60nbtuyl0 H306perarem.HOCTb 8 nonbrT-

[Shinobano]) Haxo,nMJIHCb TaK3.Ua Ho6yK8.J.lO,

Kax npop8aTb 3auttrry 3aMKa H araCHHO. O.n-

OKaJanocb pewmOliJ.HM , 11 0 KyAaHpa Ca,naMa-

A ual!Ma H a6yKHM H {A nayama Nobuk imi, 6o-

IIHM 113 nOTeHliH8JlbHO cna6biX Mecr o6opoubr

ca rrpHKaJan orc·rynHTb o n pe.nenhi ToMo:>-ry-

Jlee HJBeCTHblli 8 HCTOp11H 110).( ero flOCJle,nHHM

6biJIH BOpora .5Jfbi0-MOH, OT KOTOpbiX Tp0118

pysa, lf3-33 CTCII KOTOpOrO MOlKHO 6hin0 BCCTH

6y.ll.llliCTCKHM HMeHeM AH8l!M3 D8H3CU.Y -

8eJI8 H3 KpeDOCTii 8fn13 C yreca K peKe H8 «pe4-

KOHTpaT8KH. <l>yKy6:>-Mapy 6h1Jl cjJaKTiftJeCKH

u

soli» cropoHe 33MKa. PeKy no.n nyrumH u crpe-

orD,aH Tai\"J.Ua 6e3 6oll.

CyraHyMa Ca.llaHao (Suganuma Sadanao) c

na'm rapHH3oHa nepece'lb 6blllO no'IT11 HeB03-

OllHOBpeMeHHO Kpy!IHhle CHJibl ocaJKAaJO-

1500

MOlKHO, so T a10.na npHK33aJI nocrpoHTb .llepe-

UUfX 3T3K08aJIH BOpOTa 0r3-MOH K 3ana.ny OT

ApyMH- Mypa

Bl!tiHbiH flJIOT H 0Tnp38HJ1 Ha HeM COJl.ll3T 811113

Xarrop11-rypysa, H 0K)'JlaHpa CMaMaca 6brJI

(Arum i-m ura), Haxo,nHJlHCb .51Marar a M aca Ka-

no O Horaoa n o nanpallJTCJiH JO K 3THM ooporaM.

BbiHYJK.UeH npH ii liTb raKoe )l(e -rpy,nHoe pewe-

rJ H KocaKa MacaJ~3y:r.m c

caMypaeo H

3al!J.HTHHKR cHa'lana ocrperHJIH HX MCLlJlCUJiOe

HHe 06 OTBOJle BOHCK C BHeiDHeH JIHHIIH 060-

Jlpyrm,rn O"IpJ!Jl.8MH B K84eCTBe onepaTHBHOI'O

npH6Jll1lKeHHe rpa.nOM CTpeJI H Il)'Jlb, a 33TeM OHIO

pOHbJ . Ero rapBH30H 6b!Jl HeMHOfO<IHCJICH,

pe3epaa. YKpefllleHHbiH xonN To6uracyl!Ma K BOCTOKY 33 0Horaoa 38HJ!Jl CO CBOIDf OT.lleJib-

no cKJiosy noKaTiiJlHCb KpynHbre K3MHH. fiJlor

nOTOMY OH nocneWHJI COCpe.nOTO'IIITb OCT88-

OK33311Cll )".1\'C .naneKO HlilKe ypoBHJI 33MK3, KOr-

tuHeCJI CHJlbl 33 3eMJIJlHblMH BaJI3MH 33MK8.

1000 amLHos TaK:>.ua Ho6yJa-

.113, HaKOHell, CMOf npH'laJIJITb K 6epery. 0oao6-

0rKpbiTbie yqaCTKll XarropH-rypysa H <l>yKy-

HOe, KOHe'IHO, MOfJlO I!MeTb MeCTO TOJlbKO nOTO-

63-Mapy, TlltiYBWHeCJI ,no XOJIM8 ,[(ailuy,!VKHJI-

1575 r. 6bllla ropaJ.uo 6onee non-

M8, DOCJle :noro CT8JIH «HH'IeHHOH 3eMJ1CH)),

HOBOllHOH, '!eM CCR48C. Tenepb YJKe 8 :ITO BpeMJI

npocr peJIHB3IOliJ.CHCll K3K OC3lK.ll310lUHMH, T3K

ro.na ua DJIOTy no 3TOH pe'l.Ke He npQDJibJTb.

11 o6op oHJIIOutHM11CJI. Toli )l(e HO'IhtO BOHHbi

(:na

o6nacTb

HMeH08anacb

Tb!KaJiaCb Ha nymo, a KOflbe Ha KO!The».

v

8aisetsu), Xapa MacaraH3

(Hara

Masatane)

80HHaMH. K 10ro-33na.ny or TaKHfana, B

o6rracrH,

HMeH088BtueHCJI

HbiM O"IpJ!llOM o

1000

H3 (Nobuzane).

My, liTO peKa o 'IeTblpex)l n eBIIbfH lUTYP M

17

~I

llYJlb.

0D.H3KO 'IHCnetrtJOe npeoocxoncroo TaK:>na

HJOHJI TaK3.na npennplfHJ!Jl HO'!Hoe Ha-

TaKJ.ua H848!111 COOpYJKCHHe oca,nHOH 68WHH

Ll3 caMypaH Ta10.na npooepum1 331I(I1THHKOB

naD.eHHe c .noyx rtanpaoneHHH. He6o 6biJ10

113 6peses 6o1Jbworo .nHaMe-rpa. 3To o6ecne-

118 CTOHKOCTb H3ni088TblM HeDOD,fOTOBJiellllblM

00n8'1HbiM, JiyH8 CKpbiJI8Cb 33 T)"'3M11, H no.n

'IHJIO 6bl HM flli8T<j>op~fY, C KOTOpOH OHH MOf-

HanaD.eHHeM ua oopora Or:>-MOH c ceoepo-3a-

331UHTOH TeMHOTbl TaK3!18 8TaKOBaJI <l>yKy63-

JIH KOH-rp0Jlllp083Tb CHTy3U.HJ0 38 38MK08b1MH

nMa. Ha cne.uyJOiliH~i ,neHb npncryn n a'!aJICll

Mapy. 3TOT y qaCTOK yKpenJieHHH TJilfYJICJI H3

CTeH8M H H BeCTH npHUeJibHhiH OrOHb DO 38-

scepbe3: TaK:3,na K a1.1ycpH n pHKaJan H848Tb

136 M C BOCTOKa H3 38113J( H H8 90 M C CeBepa

JltHTHHK8M. EawHro 11 ee crpoareneii 33UIHTH-

06CTOJITCJlbHYI() 8T8Ky 110.1.1 npHKpbiTHeM TaKe-

Ha 1or. O H He 6bJJI npHKpbiT pBOM 11JIH JeMnJJ-

nH 60Ji blUHM lfHCJIOM 6aM6yK08bfX lU,HTOll T8-

ra6a (taketaba - liJ.HTbi, C,liCJ18HHbJe H3 BJI33HOK

Hbl~tH 8aJI3MH, a HMeJl TOJlbKO .uep eBJIHHbiH

KeTa6a. Pa6ora AJIHJJ8Cb scro HO'Ih, H Ha pac-

6a~t6yKa). 3all(HTHHKII :meprH'IHO KOHTpara-

43CTOKOJI. O.nsaKo 3TOT qacroKoJI rpaHH'lHJI c

caere

K08aJIH If DO.ll0li01IH JfeMaJIOe 'IHCJIO TaKeTa6a.

OLlHOH CTOpoHbl C ytCC3MI1, a H8 .npyroM <fmaH-

HaJI sepeoKa 11 BCT8BJieHo nocne.nsee Kpenne-

crpe-

re - c 6onoroM. KpoMe roro, oH raKJKe traxo-

HHe.

800 BOHHOB T810,na. 3To

Jl.HJICJI B DOlle 3peHHJI KpeOOCTROfO rapHH30H8

MeLliDITCJlbHO- .llJlJI )THX u.eneil OHM 33J(eiiCTBO-

CTOJIKHOBeHHe, H843BweeCJI C nepeCTpeJIKH,

c nuHHH o6opOHbl ToMo3-rypysa, 'ITO no3oo-

B8JlH 38MKOBYJO apTHJIJiepl!IO, cnoco6HYIQ crpe-

nepewno o p yKonawH&IR 6oi1, KOTOpbri:f c He-

JIJIJio Dp11Kpb1Tb 31)' 30IIy OrHeM H3 apKe6y3.

JIJITb Jl.llP3MH

6onJ>tuHMl1 nepepblll8MH AJII111CJI 'leTblpe AHJI.

00 )TOH np H4HHe Jl3HHOe yKpenJielllle 6b1Jl0

CBC.lleHHH, B03M0)1(H0, «8pTH11JlepHJI» - 3TO 6bJn3

HeCMOTpJI Ha TO, 'ITO OC8)1(.11810lU,I1e HMeJll1

sbrro.nuo LlJlJI o6opoHbJ, HO o cnyqae ero nore-

BCCI'O OLlHa-e,nHHCTBeiiHaJI nytuK8, HO 11 3T0f0

30

K O.UHOMy, rapH1130H

pH trnKaKHX oco6&rx 6e.llCTBHil He nport301llJlO

X83TIIJ10. llo 6anJHe OTKpblJ]}I OfOHb H JJ.0CTitflll1

OK33aJI peWHTeJlbHOe COIIpOTIIBJieHHe, 0 '!eM

6bJ. BOCI10Jlb308881U~iCb TC~lliOTOH, COJI.ll3Tbl

DpJiMOfO nOn3J(3HHJI, p336HB ee B ute!Thi.

0ca.na HaraCHHO H3'13Jl8Cb

HIOHJI, KOf-

ComacHo xpoHHKaM HaracnHo, IIYJill H Jlbl HJ JaMKa y6Hmt.no

'IHCJleHHbrH nepeoec

20

19

21

HIOHJI 6bina HaTJIHYTa 33KJII0411TeJJb-

Orser 381I(HTHHKOB

15-20 Kr.

DOCJle1l.OB8n tJe3a-

H e coxpaHHJIOCb TO'rtlblX


IlOTepll 63WHH HHK3K He CKa33J13Cb H3 3Tar<yJOweM 33D3ne OTPRAOB TaK3J13. 0caJK.A310-

u~l1e renepb K0 11TpOn11po sanJt <Dy l<y63- Mapy 11 orry.A3 MOmH ocyu~ecn!llJ!Tb np11cryn H3 ToMOJ-rypysa. Cocpe.noro'leHJte 3.llCCb orpll!lOB TaKJ.lla crrposou•tposano Bbtna3KY 113 33~{1(3. 3to 61>111 HC60J1bWOJ.i O'l'pll.LI H3 8011H08 rapH 1130113 OO.!J. KOM311).l083HHeM CaMypaea JiMa33KH 3eHCH'!H ( Y amazaki Zens hichi) , 0KyJlaH pa HJ:t3yMo (Okudaira lzumo), Cona 11 Kypoll (Shoda u Kuroya - 8 nerorrucn 3am•caHbi roJibKO IIX «CCMbll», Jlii'!Hble HMeHa IIC COxpaHHJ111Cb). H a 11a,!J,a8w11c a p eMeHHO orcrymw11, llbi WC).lillHC 113 Bblli33KY OC3)K.l\CHH ble T3KJKC nOCneW Hflli yKpblTbCl! 33 CTeH3MH. fapHH30fl B JTOH CXB3TKC IIOTCpJIJl

10

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21

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20


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24

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34-

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21


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24

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25


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26

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<<lloBbiil I PttMCKall nexoTa ncpttO;Ja ynanKa 1-hmcptttt (236-565 r.r.) 2. Acucpu 11 BarpaM, 1809 1. 3. AllrlllliiCK~tc ny•uu tKII ( 1330-1515 1. r.) 4. rcpMUHCKIIC 113p31LIIOH1C"t bl ( 1935- 1945 I .1: ) 5 PuMCKaJI KOiltttu~a ncpuoJla )'lt3J1Ka H~mepuu (236-565 r.r.) 6. Con.1a1 "' warren SS ( 1939-1945 r.r.) 7. 6ttTBa npu Jlciil1uttrc, 1813 r. 8. Pbluapll op,11cna rocmtranbcpos (II 00-1306 r.r.) 9. Pi>utapll op.o.cna roctnn rutbcpoa ( 1306- 1565 r.t:) 10. AIIIIHIHCKHC pblllOptt (1200-1300 r.r.) II . Anr;utiiCKHC pbtQapu (1300-1400 r.r.) 12. 6ursa 11p11 XaTntuc, 111!7 r. 13. Apr11nncpt1J1 Hanoncotta (1792-1815 1.1.) 14. PttMCKIIii nentOHCp 15. rmvmaropbl 16. 6m aa npH A3CttKypc, 14 15 r. 17. liu 1ua npH CaJt3M3ttKC, 1812 r. 18. AHtmtiiCKue pt.tu.aptt (1400-1500 r.r.) 19. PttMctmii nentoncp (161-284 r.r.) 20. PttM 11ponts sap11apoo, ''· I 21. l>ttTBa nptt Btt rtOpttu, 1813 r. 22. CKaiiJliiH3Bbl ( 1100- 1500 r.r.) 23. (J.Jp~nuy1CKIIIi nCXOTIIIICil ( 1803- 18 15 1.) 24. PuM 11poruo oapoapon, •t. 2 25. <l>apnCbt - TlrA<CJlaJt I<OIIIIIIUa capatuut (I 050-1250 r.r.) 26. rc11p11X V II llOKOJlCIIIIC <l>p3HU.IIII ( 1416-1453 f. I.) 27. Ap,utJI PuMa: or I (cJapll .no Kottcnumura 28. PyccKIIC rpetta/lcpt.t ( 1799-1815 t.r.) 29. CaMypa11 (200-1615 1.1.) 30./\tiiiii11HI cc. '1. I 31. Aoiiuw PuMcKoii IIMneptut, 'l. I 32. BoiiHbl PHMC"'Oii lhtueptttt. •t. 2 33. Oca.:tHbtC Mannntbl I pcttllll 11 PuMa 34. Ap~Hilt Btt3attntiicKoii ll~mcpmt, ''· I 35. ApMIIll s~namltiiCKOii Jll~mepml, '1. 2 36. Buit<lt. 61rrB1>I croJtc·wcii uoihtbt: Kpccu, l lym bC, A.:ICIIKYP 37. KaponuHm 11 cpCJliiCtJCKOBaJt <!>paHIUIII (750-1300 r.1: ) 38. Pll\f nponm sapsapou, •1. 3 39. All rnocaKcbl (449-1066 r.r.) 40. Bnpuapbt. '1. I 41. Bapaapbl, '1. 2 42. PI.IIA3)>CK11C rypiiH)>hl -B. J lopMattHCKIIC J3MKII, •t. I 44. IIIIKTbl (297-841 1.r.) 45 Kc..1J.TCKIIii BOIIII 46. IIOp\13HHCKIIC 13MKII, '1. 2 47. lltllllU~ . 1460-1650 48. }]llOIICI\HC MOJI3XII· bOitllbl, 949- 1603 49. CaMypaii, 1550-1600 50. Mom OJibCKIIii BOllII, 1200-1350 51. }lp.:BIUIII ncpciiR 52 }lp.:BIIRR ACCIIPIIJI 53. Anc-tpuiicKIIii ncxmttiiCil 54 0Ca}!IIOC HCKYCCTllO JlpCBIIOCTII 55. C I CllllbiC KOIIHbiC JIY'IIII1Kil 56. Eu1ua npu Kpectt ( 1346 r.) 57. rcp\13HCKIIH T3HKIIC'I 58 rcp\1311Cimft ropllblii crpcnoK 59 Kommua KapomllllOil 60. <!>paKttHUbl 11ponm l'pcu11n ~~ PuMa 61. CapMarbl 11pO'IIIU l'r>CUIIII u P11Ma 62. JlOII/lCKIICXTbl 63. E111 B3 11p11 KaHHax 64 COilCTCKliJI 3)>\111JI ( 1970-90) 65. A curapy-nexora caMypaca 66. TaKTIIKa nexon1: 6opb6a c TaHK3MII 67. l'pauana. 1492 1. 68. Ma~JCntOKtt 69. TaMCpJ1311 II CIO apMIIR 70. Cn.la.:tttH 11 capattllllbl 71 1\p,ntR PHMa: pa11n11ii 11Cp110.1 72. '33MKII TCBTOIICKHX (lblll3pCH 'L I 73. '3aMKII TcsroucKux pwtape~i •1.2 74./l11111111HI CC: 11 -23-~ 75. /luouJuu CC: 24-38-Jt 76. KollcTaHnmononh, 1453 1. 77. Boc1maJt O.!\ClK.'la PIIMa (200-400) 78. Aoc1111aJt o.nclK.'la PuMa (400-640)

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79. Xan11<j>ll'Tbl (862-1098) 80. Cn)'l"-6bl 6c1onacuocru Peiixa 8 1. Cpc.nHeBCKOnaJt rcpanbJJ.liKa 82. PbUiapH OJlJlCna Ta~mn11cpou 83. fpC'ICCKIIC f011lii1Tbl 84. ncxonmcu. ucpMaxTa ( 1933-40) 85. nexonmcu ucpMaxTa (1941-43) 86. nexonmcu. ocpMaxTa ( 1943-45) 87. KOHHttU.a cacatHIJlOB npon1o PuMa 11 BH33HTHII 88. CaKCbt, BIIKim ru, nopM3HHbl 89. Koponu 3JI1111Ht npo·ms Y:>m.ca 11 IUornaH.AHH 90. KOHKIICTllJI.Opbl 91. 6nrsa npu llyaTbe. 1356 r. 92. BocHHaJt O,liClK.'la Plt\t3 (I 00-200) 93. na,!ICHIJC BOCTO'IHOH EBpOrtbl 94. TamtcH6cpt~ 14 10 r. 95. MopcKoil ncxOTIIIlCU. CWA no BbC111aMe 96. BoiiHbl rycttTOB 97. HopMaHHCKIIC pMu.apH 98. MHKCHbl 99. TypKJt-QCM311bl I 00. 6HTBa npu AllpHauononc I 0 I. llexormtcq apMIIH CWA so BbCTuaMc 102. 0TJ.tCJICHI1C, B180Jl 80 BMB 103. Maspbl 104. ApMIIll 1163113 fpo3HOI'O. I 05. nup3Tbl I 06. Col03ua~ KOIIIIIItta P11Ma I 07, }lp3K3ppb1 Bll KIIIII'Oil 108. En111CT HCpuo.Aa llosoro UapCTB(I I 09. opi!T8HCKttfi IICXOTI!IlCU 1914-18 110. BoeHHblfi Cllaiincp Ill. 61rrsa npu <l>opuoso. 1495 112. Cueutt33 CWA BO 8bCTH8MC 113. POT3, 6aTanbott: TSI(JttKa 11CXOTbl 114. Konecrmu~:>1 6p011JOBOro ncKa 115. 6trrBa 11p11 MapacjloHe. 490 r. ao II) 116. ,lJ.peBilliC KCJlbTbl 117. Att:nutiiCKaJI ap\11111 feupuxa VIII 118. Jlcnton Kounop 119. BoJ.o.ywHo-.o.ccau rn1>1c 'lacnt no BMB 120. Kanancp11~ BCpMaxTa 121. Cpe.AHCBCKOJJI>IC J>btUapu 122. PtfMCK3~ IIM11Cp11JI: A,llpH3HOB BaJI 123. '33MKJI KpcClOIIOCU.CB B CBJITOii 'lCMJlC 124. AHrnHli-IJJOTJl311,i:Uill: C'Tbl'lKII 113 rpalutU.C 125. AT1111Jl3 II OpJlbl KO'lCBHIII\'08 126. BeHeuttaiiCKall HMncpHH 127. HeMeuKuc itaiiJ.tCKuexTht 128. He~tCIJ.KIIC pMIAaptt I 000- 1300 129. HeMCU.KIIC pwuapu 1300-1500 130. rpniK.o.attcKa~ aoii11a s Attn111u 131. Alll1111iiCKIIC pb1U3p11 1500-1600 132. MaKC/lOIICKall <panattra 133. Boewt•taJibllltKu nepMax·ra 134. Wseiluapttbl 1300-1500 135. CaMypatt - DOiKJlll KJtaiiOB 'l. I 136. Ca~typau - 80)1(,!111 KJlaHOB '1. 2 137. JJlb·Ctlll - 11Cfi8HCKHC pwu.ap11 138. ApMn~ PuMa ucpuo,11 pcc11y6m1K11 139. )i(eJJC311060KIIC 1588-1688 140. HpnaHJJ.Ilbl 1485-1603 141. Ctm<jlM 142. non:bCKHC KpbiJJUTblC rycapbl 143. B,ll.B II CIICUHa:l 144. YKpel1 Starcpll 11 Kpcnocnt nc1110110B 145. rcpM8HIIll: t<pCCTbJIII. BOi1Jibl 1524-26 146. 6ypryi1Jl11~ 1364- 1477 147. CcsepHaJt I'Jl31111Ua PUMa 70-235 148. 80HBCKOC IICKYCCTBO BlfKIIIH'OB 149. KopoJJCBCKIIC MYWKCTCpbl 150. otrrsa npu lhii>.'OIIOJJnce. 1396 151. BoilHa anoii 11 6cnoH. p031>1 152. TpO!l 153. CpeJlHCBCKORblii Knrai1 154. ,ll.pCSHIIC I'CJlM311Ubl 155. 611TBbl .AJlCBIICHI \!Upa 156. KpeCTOIIOCU.bl B llp116:urmKC

28

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<<lloBbiil I PttMCKall nexoTa ncpttO;Ja ynanKa 1-hmcptttt (236-565 r.r.) 2. Acucpu 11 BarpaM, 1809 1. 3. AllrlllliiCK~tc ny•uu tKII ( 1330-1515 1. r.) 4. rcpMUHCKIIC 113p31LIIOH1C"t bl ( 1935- 1945 I .1: ) 5 PuMCKaJI KOiltttu~a ncpuoJla )'lt3J1Ka H~mepuu (236-565 r.r.) 6. Con.1a1 "' warren SS ( 1939-1945 r.r.) 7. 6ttTBa npu Jlciil1uttrc, 1813 r. 8. Pbluapll op,11cna rocmtranbcpos (II 00-1306 r.r.) 9. Pi>utapll op.o.cna roctnn rutbcpoa ( 1306- 1565 r.t:) 10. AIIIIHIHCKHC pblllOptt (1200-1300 r.r.) II . Anr;utiiCKHC pbtQapu (1300-1400 r.r.) 12. 6ursa 11p11 XaTntuc, 111!7 r. 13. Apr11nncpt1J1 Hanoncotta (1792-1815 1.1.) 14. PttMCKIIii nentOHCp 15. rmvmaropbl 16. 6m aa npH A3CttKypc, 14 15 r. 17. liu 1ua npH CaJt3M3ttKC, 1812 r. 18. AHtmtiiCKue pt.tu.aptt (1400-1500 r.r.) 19. PttMctmii nentoncp (161-284 r.r.) 20. PttM 11ponts sap11apoo, ''· I 21. l>ttTBa nptt Btt rtOpttu, 1813 r. 22. CKaiiJliiH3Bbl ( 1100- 1500 r.r.) 23. (J.Jp~nuy1CKIIIi nCXOTIIIICil ( 1803- 18 15 1.) 24. PuM 11poruo oapoapon, •t. 2 25. <l>apnCbt - TlrA<CJlaJt I<OIIIIIIUa capatuut (I 050-1250 r.r.) 26. rc11p11X V II llOKOJlCIIIIC <l>p3HU.IIII ( 1416-1453 f. I.) 27. Ap,utJI PuMa: or I (cJapll .no Kottcnumura 28. PyccKIIC rpetta/lcpt.t ( 1799-1815 t.r.) 29. CaMypa11 (200-1615 1.1.) 30./\tiiiii11HI cc. '1. I 31. Aoiiuw PuMcKoii IIMneptut, 'l. I 32. BoiiHbl PHMC"'Oii lhtueptttt. •t. 2 33. Oca.:tHbtC Mannntbl I pcttllll 11 PuMa 34. Ap~Hilt Btt3attntiicKoii ll~mcpmt, ''· I 35. ApMIIll s~namltiiCKOii Jll~mepml, '1. 2 36. Buit<lt. 61rrB1>I croJtc·wcii uoihtbt: Kpccu, l lym bC, A.:ICIIKYP 37. KaponuHm 11 cpCJliiCtJCKOBaJt <!>paHIUIII (750-1300 r.1: ) 38. Pll\f nponm sapsapou, •1. 3 39. All rnocaKcbl (449-1066 r.r.) 40. Bnpuapbt. '1. I 41. Bapaapbl, '1. 2 42. PI.IIA3)>CK11C rypiiH)>hl -B. J lopMattHCKIIC J3MKII, •t. I 44. IIIIKTbl (297-841 1.r.) 45 Kc..1J.TCKIIii BOIIII 46. IIOp\13HHCKIIC 13MKII, '1. 2 47. lltllllU~ . 1460-1650 48. }]llOIICI\HC MOJI3XII· bOitllbl, 949- 1603 49. CaMypaii, 1550-1600 50. Mom OJibCKIIii BOllII, 1200-1350 51. }lp.:BIUIII ncpciiR 52 }lp.:BIIRR ACCIIPIIJI 53. Anc-tpuiicKIIii ncxmttiiCil 54 0Ca}!IIOC HCKYCCTllO JlpCBIIOCTII 55. C I CllllbiC KOIIHbiC JIY'IIII1Kil 56. Eu1ua npu Kpectt ( 1346 r.) 57. rcp\13HCKIIH T3HKIIC'I 58 rcp\1311Cimft ropllblii crpcnoK 59 Kommua KapomllllOil 60. <!>paKttHUbl 11ponm l'pcu11n ~~ PuMa 61. CapMarbl 11pO'IIIU l'r>CUIIII u P11Ma 62. JlOII/lCKIICXTbl 63. E111 B3 11p11 KaHHax 64 COilCTCKliJI 3)>\111JI ( 1970-90) 65. A curapy-nexora caMypaca 66. TaKTIIKa nexon1: 6opb6a c TaHK3MII 67. l'pauana. 1492 1. 68. Ma~JCntOKtt 69. TaMCpJ1311 II CIO apMIIR 70. Cn.la.:tttH 11 capattllllbl 71 1\p,ntR PHMa: pa11n11ii 11Cp110.1 72. '33MKII TCBTOIICKHX (lblll3pCH 'L I 73. '3aMKII TcsroucKux pwtape~i •1.2 74./l11111111HI CC: 11 -23-~ 75. /luouJuu CC: 24-38-Jt 76. KollcTaHnmononh, 1453 1. 77. Boc1maJt O.!\ClK.'la PIIMa (200-400) 78. Aoc1111aJt o.nclK.'la PuMa (400-640)

Com~an>

79. Xan11<j>ll'Tbl (862-1098) 80. Cn)'l"-6bl 6c1onacuocru Peiixa 8 1. Cpc.nHeBCKOnaJt rcpanbJJ.liKa 82. PbUiapH OJlJlCna Ta~mn11cpou 83. fpC'ICCKIIC f011lii1Tbl 84. ncxonmcu. ucpMaxTa ( 1933-40) 85. nexonmcu ucpMaxTa (1941-43) 86. nexonmcu. ocpMaxTa ( 1943-45) 87. KOHHttU.a cacatHIJlOB npon1o PuMa 11 BH33HTHII 88. CaKCbt, BIIKim ru, nopM3HHbl 89. Koponu 3JI1111Ht npo·ms Y:>m.ca 11 IUornaH.AHH 90. KOHKIICTllJI.Opbl 91. 6nrsa npu llyaTbe. 1356 r. 92. BocHHaJt O,liClK.'la Plt\t3 (I 00-200) 93. na,!ICHIJC BOCTO'IHOH EBpOrtbl 94. TamtcH6cpt~ 14 10 r. 95. MopcKoil ncxOTIIIlCU. CWA no BbC111aMe 96. BoiiHbl rycttTOB 97. HopMaHHCKIIC pMu.apH 98. MHKCHbl 99. TypKJt-QCM311bl I 00. 6HTBa npu AllpHauononc I 0 I. llexormtcq apMIIH CWA so BbCTuaMc 102. 0TJ.tCJICHI1C, B180Jl 80 BMB 103. Maspbl 104. ApMIIll 1163113 fpo3HOI'O. I 05. nup3Tbl I 06. Col03ua~ KOIIIIIItta P11Ma I 07, }lp3K3ppb1 Bll KIIIII'Oil 108. En111CT HCpuo.Aa llosoro UapCTB(I I 09. opi!T8HCKttfi IICXOTI!IlCU 1914-18 110. BoeHHblfi Cllaiincp Ill. 61rrsa npu <l>opuoso. 1495 112. Cueutt33 CWA BO 8bCTH8MC 113. POT3, 6aTanbott: TSI(JttKa 11CXOTbl 114. Konecrmu~:>1 6p011JOBOro ncKa 115. 6trrBa 11p11 MapacjloHe. 490 r. ao II) 116. ,lJ.peBilliC KCJlbTbl 117. Att:nutiiCKaJI ap\11111 feupuxa VIII 118. Jlcnton Kounop 119. BoJ.o.ywHo-.o.ccau rn1>1c 'lacnt no BMB 120. Kanancp11~ BCpMaxTa 121. Cpe.AHCBCKOJJI>IC J>btUapu 122. PtfMCK3~ IIM11Cp11JI: A,llpH3HOB BaJI 123. '33MKJI KpcClOIIOCU.CB B CBJITOii 'lCMJlC 124. AHrnHli-IJJOTJl311,i:Uill: C'Tbl'lKII 113 rpalutU.C 125. AT1111Jl3 II OpJlbl KO'lCBHIII\'08 126. BeHeuttaiiCKall HMncpHH 127. HeMeuKuc itaiiJ.tCKuexTht 128. He~tCIJ.KIIC pMIAaptt I 000- 1300 129. HeMCU.KIIC pwuapu 1300-1500 130. rpniK.o.attcKa~ aoii11a s Attn111u 131. Alll1111iiCKIIC pb1U3p11 1500-1600 132. MaKC/lOIICKall <panattra 133. Boewt•taJibllltKu nepMax·ra 134. Wseiluapttbl 1300-1500 135. CaMypatt - DOiKJlll KJtaiiOB 'l. I 136. Ca~typau - 80)1(,!111 KJlaHOB '1. 2 137. JJlb·Ctlll - 11Cfi8HCKHC pwu.ap11 138. ApMn~ PuMa ucpuo,11 pcc11y6m1K11 139. )i(eJJC311060KIIC 1588-1688 140. HpnaHJJ.Ilbl 1485-1603 141. Ctm<jlM 142. non:bCKHC KpbiJJUTblC rycapbl 143. B,ll.B II CIICUHa:l 144. YKpel1 Starcpll 11 Kpcnocnt nc1110110B 145. rcpM8HIIll: t<pCCTbJIII. BOi1Jibl 1524-26 146. 6ypryi1Jl11~ 1364- 1477 147. CcsepHaJt I'Jl31111Ua PUMa 70-235 148. 80HBCKOC IICKYCCTBO BlfKIIIH'OB 149. KopoJJCBCKIIC MYWKCTCpbl 150. otrrsa npu lhii>.'OIIOJJnce. 1396 151. BoilHa anoii 11 6cnoH. p031>1 152. TpO!l 153. CpeJlHCBCKORblii Knrai1 154. ,ll.pCSHIIC I'CJlM311Ubl 155. 611TBbl .AJlCBIICHI \!Upa 156. KpeCTOIIOCU.bl B llp116:urmKC

28

157. rymu>l 158. ApM~IJI noJibUIII ( 1569-1696) 'l. I 159. ApMHJI nonbUIII (1569-1696) 'l. 2 160. ouTna ua KanKc, 1223 1: 161. oHTB3 np11 6oc<t>op 1c. 1485 r. 162. Koponb Ap-ryp 163. MopcKIIC ncbl EimlaBCThl 164 Ja~nm KpeCTOIIOCUCB (2) 165. )i(aHHa .n'ApK 11 OCMa OpJteaua 166. 6pu-raHCKuii C'l pCJIOK ( 1797 - 1815) 167. A-Jlp HcncKuii upo1un TeBTOIH)B 168. Enpon. pbiUUpll 11a Co!ITOii 3CMnC 169. liTMb~llCKIIC J13THIIKII 170. Kupacupbl Hanoncoua 171. JlmteiiHaJt Kaoancp11!1 Hanoncoua 172. OcMH TexllnKa /laJibHCfO BocTOK:.t I 173. Oca}lu TCXHJII(a 1\am.ucro BocToKa 2


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