Pesticide & Herbicide Application - Patrick Hornstrand

What Does WSDA Pesticide Compliance Do?

• Enforce State RCW’s and WAC’s

• Investigate complaints of pesticide misuse

• Check pesticides for registration

• Speaking events

• License Pesticide Applicators

– Administer exams

• Conduct Use Inspections

• Ensure pesticides are sold to licensed people

• EPA Inspections

• Pesticides are important “tools” that protect our crops, homes, and landscapes from pest damage. Pesticides must be used carefully so that they don’t harm people or the environment.

What is a Pesticide?

• A pesticide is: Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest including plant regulators, defoliants and desiccants (FIFRA definition)

• In Washington adjuvants are included and registered

What are Pesticides?

• Products which control:

– Insects

– Weeds

– Plant diseases

– Snakes, deer or other animals

– Sanitizers/ Disinfectants

• a

What isn’t a pesticide?

Medicines that control human diseases.

Fertilizers, nutrients, and other substances that are used to increase plant growth.

Biological control agents such as ladybugs or birds.

What laws Govern Pesticides

• Federal Level: – Federal Insecticide Fungicide Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

• Washington RCW’s and WAC’s

SO WHAT LAWS ARE WE TALKING ABOUT

• Washington Pesticide Application Act (RCW 17.21)

• Pesticide Control Act (RCW 15.58)

• General Pesticide Rules (WAC 16-228)

• 14 Individual County Rules

Washington Pesticide Application Act

RCW 17.21

• Deals with pesticide use requirements

• Applicator recordkeeping and licensing

• Landscape posting and the pesticide sensitive registry

Washington Pesticide Control Act (RCW 15.58)

• Registration and distribution of pesticides

• Dealer and consultant licensing

• Label is the law

• Dealer licensing, Structural Pest Inspector and Consultants

General Pesticide Rules (WAC

16-228)

• Tells how things will be done

• Deals with many aspects of pesticide use

• Recordkeeping

• Storage

• Licensing

• Registration

Herbicide Rules

• Use of dicamba and phenoxy herbicides are restricted throughout Eastern Washington

• Additional restrictions in 14 counties

Label is the Law

• The label is the LAW!!

• Label language is enforceable and a legal document

• Label language is INFORMATIVE!

HOW DOES A LABEL GET APPROVED

The Environmental Protection Agency

• EPA reviews every pesticide product

• EPA may require labeling changes

• EPA must approve labeling language

• Does not register 25b prodcuts

Washington State Dept. of Agriculture

• Registers Pesticides for distribution in WA State

• May deny registration of a federally registered pesticide

• Registers 25b products

High Volatile Ester 2,4-D

What is involved in registering a new pesticide

Laboratory Screening

Laboratory and Field Testing

Label Registration

Pesticide Product

6 + years

What happens before you see a pesticide label

• Manufacturers conduct scientific tests

– Toxicity or toxicological tests

– Efficacy or performance tests

– Degradation, mobility & residue

– Effects on non- target species and the environment

–

EPA reviews the data and the label

What information is required in an approved pesticide label?

Trade, Brand or Product Name

Ingredient Statement

• Active Ingredients: chemicals responsible for pesticidal activity or perform desired function

• Inert ingredients: usually not named, but their percentage of total contents must be shown, have no pesticidal activity

Use Classification Statement

• Restricted Use –

Need a license to sale, purchase and apply

• State Restricted Use –

Need a license to apply, purchase, sale – Not listed on label found in Rule

–

Groundwater, aquatic, phenoxy

Type of Pesticide

• Label indicates what type of pesticide and the pests the product will control.

Net Contents

• Each container states the total amount of product

• Dry product expressed in lbs.

• Liquid product expressed in gallons, ounces, pints, quarts, etc.

EPA Numbers

EPA Registration Number

• Group of numbers assigned by EPA and assigned to one product.

• Allows traceability

• On every pesticide

EPA Establishment Number

• Assigned by EPA to producing facilities

• Shows where a product is manufactured

Signal Words and Symbols

• Signal words indicate the relative acute toxicity to humans and animals:

• Caution- slightly toxic either orally, dermally or by breathing, or may cause slight eye and skin irritation

• Warning- moderately toxic either orally, dermally, or by breathing, or may cause moderate eye and or skin irritation

Signal Word

• Danger- can cause severe eye damage or skin irritation; not highly toxic if inhaled or swallowed

• Danger/Poison- Highly toxic by any route of entry

KOOTROC

• KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN

Precautionary Statements

• Routes of entry statements – “May be fatal if swallowed or inhaled”

• Specific action statements – “Avoid contact with skin or clothing”

• Protective clothing and equipment statements

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Read the label for what is required when mixing, loading, and applying

• If no PPE listed wear minimum long sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes

• Avoid leather and cotton gloves

PPE

First Aid Statement

Environmental Hazard Statements

• Provides information on environmental impacts associated with the pesticide

Storage and Disposal

• Information on how to store the products and how to dispose once done

• Look for temperature restrictions

Directions for Use

• Instructions on how to use the product

• Will tell you

– Crops or sites intended for protection

– Pests the manufacturer claims the product will control

– How to mix and apply the product

– Phytoxicity and other effects

– How to minimize drift

Pests Controlled

How Much to Apply

Use Restrictions

Other items

• Pre Harvest Interval (PHI)

• Warranty and limits from the company

• Agricultural Use Requirements

• Non Agricultural Use Requirements

• Temperature, wind, other weather restrictions

• Specific crop information

READ THE ENTIRE LABEL BEFORE MAKING AN APPLICATION

Disclaimer

The following label is not complete.

The use of this label for educational purposes does not signify endorsement of said product by the WSDA.

Active Ingredient

IMPORTANCE OF READING THE LABEL

So You Want to Spray

User’s Responsibility

• Read the entire pesticide label

• Use the product according to instructions

• Store product correctly

• Mix, transport, and use correctly

• Wear personal protective equipment

• Read entire pesticide label

Label Resources

• PICOL- WSU – GOOGLE search WSU Pesticide Labels

• Can search multiple ways, from EPA # to pest/crop

• http://cru66.cahe.wsu.edu/labels/Labels.php

Other Resources

• Pesticides: Learning About Labels – Pub: FSIPM001E

http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/CEPublications/FSIPM001E/FSIPM0 01E.pdf

• NPIC – National Pesticide Information Center –

http://npic.orst.edu/index.html

• WSDA –

https://agr.wa.gov/PestFert/

• Other professionals – Volunteers, co workers, etc.

Pesticides Types

• Several Types of formulations:

– Emulsifiable concentrates

– Solutions

– Wettable Powders

– Dusts

– Granuales

– Aerosols

• Homeowners mostly use Granule and liquid

• Liquids will come in concentrate (need to mixed) or already diluted (RTU)

• Label will tell you what you have

• a

Pesticide Types

• Granules generally need to be incorporated into the soil

–

Rain/irrigation/water –

tilling

• Liquid-Concentrate – Ready to use – Need to be mixed with water

Control Methods

• Pre-Emergence – Usually Granular – Applied before the seed sprouts – Selective- Generally-

• Post Emergence – Usually liquid, may be RTU or need to mixed with water – Can be both selective and non selective

• Foliar

Control Methods

• Soil- Pre Emergence

• Basal application (Hack and squirt, cut stump)

How Pesticide Work

• Selective – Kills only certain weeds, pests – 2,4-D, Dicamba, pre-emergence

• Non Selective – Will kill everything it touches – Roundup, Diquat – Bare ground products-Long term residual

How Pesticide Work

• Selective: – Foliage- Absorbed through leaves disrupt plants growth – Signs: Leaf curling, cupping, stem/petiole twisting, Chlorosis, leaf venation

• Drift can be a problem – Volitization, temp, cautious around desirable plants

How Pesticide Work

• Selective Herbicides: – Soil applied – Pre-Emergence, kills seedlings – May have a residual in the soil, read label before re-planting

How Pesticide Work

• Nonselective Foliar – Used on emerged weeds – Contact or Systemic

• Symptoms: – 3-5 days, stunting, foliage discoloration – Grasses- Chlorotic bands

How Pesticide Work

• Nonselective Soil Applied – Bareground applications – Soil persistant for a long time

• Desirable vegetation can/will be killed

• Be careful of the roots

LABEL EXERCISE

GOOD GRIEF.. CAN’ T BELIEVE I HAVE TO PARTICIPATE

Label Exercise

1. What is the signal word? • DANGER

2. Can this be applied to a lawn? •

3. What is the EPA Reg. Number?

81927-58-7401

4. What PPE is required to be worn?

•EYEWEAR, LONG SHIRT LONG PANTS, SHOES, CHEMICAL RESISTANT GLOVES

5. Can this product be sprayed along a fence?

•YES. •But depends..

6. Selective or Non Selective?

NON SELECTIVE

7. Can a tree be planted in the treated area after an application?

NO NO

8. WILL THIS PRODUCT HARM ADJACENT VEGETATION?

YES

Do not apply over the root systems of desirable plants. For trees and shrubs do not apply closer than twice the distance from the trunk to the drip line as roots may be within this area. (pp4)

Do not apply next to a fence if desirable vegetation is growing on the other side, or if future planting is intended.

9. Can this product be applied with wind 12 mph?

•Applications with wind speeds greater than 10 mph are prohibited. (pp3)

Do not apply when wind speeds are greater than 10 mph

10. NAME OF PRODUCT