RDB 314: DESIGN MANAGEMENT
Task 1: Documenting an Interior Project
PROJECT NAME
Esports Training Centre
Prepared by GOO WAN QIAN (150931)
Third Year Student of Interior Architecture
Tutor: Ts. Dr. Roslan Talib
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Project Introduction
1.2 Company’s profile
2.0 Team members in a project team
2.1 Roles and Responsibilities of the Contractor as Lead Consultant
2.2 Roles and Responsibilities of Other Consultants
3.0 Organisation Structure
4.0 Stakeholders
5.0 Project Information
5.1 Objectives and Goal
5.2 Implementation Phases
5.2.1 Schematic Design
5.2.2 Design Development
5.2.3 Contract Documentation
5.2.4 Contract Implementation & Management
5.2.5 Completion and Final Accounts
5.3 Implementation Tools
5.4 Monitoring Tools and Strategies
5.5 Risks and Solutions
5.6 Contract Procurement
5.7 Success Criteria
5.7.1 Project Management Constraint
6.0 Conclusion
7.0 Reference
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Introduction
The project is Esports Training Centre, which is a platform for the esports athletes to have their regular training and intensive practices for the global tournament. It is a government institutional building. The grand total area of the space is 1771.0 m²
The project is located at Jalan Bukit Larut, 34000, Taiping, Perak, Malaysia It is renovated from the interior space of Hotel Grand Baron, the original building which provided accommodation to the tourists in Taiping, Perak. The whole project was estimated to take 3.5 years to complete. However, it took 4 years to be completed due to certain reasons. The overall payment cost for this project is approximately RM12.4 million and the completion year is 2022. The client of this project is Kementerian Belia dan Sukan Malaysia (KBS)
1.2 Company’s profile
This project is built by ATSA Architects Sdn. Bhd. Their architectural team strives to produce context-specific and cost-effective solutions, and they are currently leading designs for varied initiatives. ATSA is dedicated to meeting the demands of its clients, which is why they offer master planning and project management services in addition to its sustainable design and interior design services.
The head office is located No 45, Jalan Tun Mohd Fuad 3, Taman Tun Dr. Ismail, 60 000, Kuala Lumpur. It was founded in 1992 and is now a multiple award-winning architecture firm and has been awarded as the top ten architectural practice in Malaysia by BCI Asia.
2.0 TEAM MEMBERS IN A PROJECT TEAM Party Point of
Contact
Client Kementerian Belia dan Sukan Malaysia (KBS)
Contractor
Architect
M&E Engineer
AW Builders Malaysia
VSL Engineers (M) Sdn. Bhd.
ATSA Architects Sdn. Bhd.
Ar. Azim Tan Sri Aziz
Mohammad Consultant
C&S Engineer Lim Engineer
2.1 Roles and Responsibilities of the Contractor as Lead Consultant
2.1.1 Roles of Contractor
AW Builders Malaysia is the main contractor of the whole project. As the main contractor of the project, their responsibilities involve planning, managing, and monitoring all the task They also account for the health and risks to all the individuals including the public and implementing suitable precautions to protect them from danger.
The subcontractors of this project appointed are VSL Engineers (M) Sdn. Bhd., ATSA Architects Sdn. Bhd., M&E Engineer and C&S Engineer. They complete their designated work according to the specifications and timeline provided by the contractor. Besides, they also maintain the quality and integrity of the project and ensure the outcome meets the specification outlined by the clients.
During the project, initial client-contractor communication is important to ensure that the client proposed idea and concept are delivered to the architect. Architect is responsible for communicating and liaising with those consultants and contractors. This communication is to make sure that the outcome aligns with the client’s demand and requirements. Besides, AW Builders Malaysia also prepares the documents and the application for construction permit.
2.2 Roles and Responsibilities of Other Consultants
2.2.1 Roles of Architect
ATSA Architects Sdn. Bhd. is responsible in project discussion with client to create a detailed design which fulfils client’s design idea. The meeting is carried out at the initial stage with the client to ensure the proposed drawing meets the satisfaction of the client. After finalising the drawings, Ar Azim recheck all the submission drawings to ensure that they are adhered to the UBBL and BOMBA requirements with the consideration of universal design. He also needs to confirm that the building is constructed based on the construction drawings.
Besides, he also has the regular meetings with the contractors to supervise the progress rate and completed work is done based on the plans, the troubles and problems faced are discussed and resolved too.
2.2.2 Roles of Mechanical and Electrical Engineer
Mohammad Consultant is responsible for the project implementation of the site works for all M&E work and prepare necessary reports. The mechanical and electrical
system includes heating and cooling system, ventilation, lighting systems, fire alarm system, fire fighting system and security system. The engineers conducted the meeting with architect deliberate and comply the mechanical and electrical technical issues on the construction drawing according to the specifications listed by the architect.
2.2.3 Roles of Civil and Structural Engineer
In this project, Lim Engineer develop the design based on the applicable codes and regulations. He gives the building information to the architect to produce the design. He also coordinates with the local authorities for the confirmation of the approval requirement. All the equipment specifications and supplier data are outlined. Furthermore, more maintenance plans and standard operating procedures are generated, manuals are created for personnel training to ensure the safety analysis is performed effectively. Before submission of the drawing, the meeting will be conducted with all subcontractors if it is necessary to discuss about the recommendation of changes and modifications on the technical papers. The civil processes are measure to ensure the efficient quality control thus maintain the working timeline.
3.0 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
4.0 STAKEHOLDERS
Stakeholders are the individuals or groups of organisations who are interested in the project. They have direct or indirect interactions with the organisation. Hence, they can influence or be influenced by the actions, decisions, practices and goals of the organisation.
A. Internal stakeholder
Internal stakeholders are the people or groups that directly incorporate in the projects. It includes the client, the project manager and his or her team, contractors, subcontractors, consultants, engineers, suppliers and end users.
B. External stakeholder
External stakeholders are the parties that indirectly incorporate in the project. The local authority, government bodies, licensing organisations, are some examples of external stakeholders.
The stakeholders for this project are:
PROJECT TEAM
REGULATORY BODIES MAJLIS
END USER
ARCHITECT
ASTA Architects
Sdn. Bhd.
Ar Azim Tan Sri Aziz
CONTRACTOR
AW Builders Malaysia
M&E Engineer Mohammad Consultant
Internal Stakeholders External Stakeholders
5.0 PROJECT INFORMATION
5.1 Objectives and Goal
5.1.1 Objectives
• To ensure all the tasks of the project are scheduled in the tracking timeline and in a sequential order.
• To reduce the potential risk factor of the project through guidance of the project team’s operation and resolves the issues occurred efficiently.
• To ensure that the project is completed within the scope, time, quality, and budget standards which fulfil the client’s requirements.
• To ensure that all the construction project planning (drawings specifications, and other documents) is available for review and execution to avoid the extension of the project.
5.1.2 Goals
• Indicating a continuous effort to maximise the outcomes of the project.
• Expand the operation of the project by prioritising the low maintenance requirement, service efficiency, and long-term quality control, all the prioritisations are decided based on the estimated budget and time.
• Increase the potential for future development.
• The overall project’s development fulfils the client’s necessities and associated with the surrounding.
5.2 Implementation Phases
5.2.1 Schematic Design
The Schematic Design phase is the first phase of the architectural design project schedule.
At this stage, the discussion will be carried out between the architect and the client about the programming and concept design, then translates it into architectural and spatial designs. The best possible design solutions are proposed by exploring various ideas. There are some important components for the success schematic design, including site analysis, zoning requirements, project scheduling, etc.. The schematic design phase is important for the success and efficiency of the project scope. The new possibilities will be developed once the design phase proceeds.
A) Client Approach
After the initial meeting with KBS, the representative of KBS presented his design intention to propose a Esports Training Centre. After the site survey and analysis, Ar. Azim has proposed some primary design options through sketches to illustrate the design concept to the client. The client makes his choice of the design options which match his design intention the most. Then, the details about the design are discussed.
The meeting with KBS is carried out to propose the vision and overarching objectives of the projects.
B) Design Proposal
The initial design proposal was to include the exterior corridor at the first floor, however, the fire escape route was impeded Thus, the exterior corridor is remained as existing and the space used is just the conference hall excluding the corridor.
C) Client and Planning Approval
The architecture team develops the schematic drawings based on the rough cost estimates of the project which decided by the client after consultation. In this way, the client can understand the project well from the perspective of project scopes and budget. All the construction documents such as technical specification, building plans, BOMBA plan, etc. will be sent out for the approval. At the same time, the architecture team will refines the design chosen during the development.
5.2.2 Design Development
The proposed preliminary design solution is further evolved with the chosen schematic design. The architect produces the drawings with more specification and details compared with Schematic Design, while Engineer will generate the building service system and structural system of the project. All the sectors should works closely to ensure the project progress run smoothly. Last, the construction documents are finalised and produced.
A) Design Drawings
During the design development phase, the preliminary plans and elevations are thoroughly reviewed, revised, and expanded to ensure they include all the necessary details and specifications for successful construction. The contract drawing and specifications are completed in details. These building plans drawing and other
system drawings are composed for the submission. Since there is no quantity surveyor involved in this project, hence all the estimations in the project are done by the contractor.
B) Submission for Building Approval
I) Building Plan Submission
The layout plans and site plans are submitted to the Majlis Perbandaran Taiping for approval. All the drawings submitted are complied with Universal Building by-Law. The specifications are mentioned by the architect and engineer in the building plans so the effective communication with client can be reached because the plans are easily to be understood.
Figure 1: Floor plans and elevation for Jalan Ipoh retail lot.
Figure 3: Sample of detailed sectional drawings showing the structural system of the building.
Figure 3: Key plan, location plan and site plan with information in accordance with requirement set by authorities for Building Plan Submission
Figure 3: Sample Site Plan, Key Plan and Location Plan for Building Plan Approval
Figure 4: Sample Approval of Building Submission (Actual document not available)
II) Fire-fighting (BOMBA) drawings
The building plan with fire safety equipment is submitted to the local BOMBA authority for approval. The drawings are produces based on the guidelines of Uniform Building By-Laws 1984 (UBBL) and Malaysian Standard for Fire Safety and Protection. The fire fittings include fire door, emergency lighting, fire staircase, etc.. The fire protection in building planning is important to guarantee the safety of the occupants during the emergency.
5.2.3 Contract Documentation
In this phase, the contract drawings are finalised, which include the architectural drawings, structural engineering drawings, and building services engineering drawings. The drawings has outlined the space arrangements, structural components, electrical,
Figure 5: Sample of Bomba Drawings before resubmission Figure 6: Bomba Approvalmechanical and plumbing installations The information include the reviews, revisions, approval of different versions, it also ensure the stakeholders are referring the latest one, thus, the project is always on track.
A) Negotiated Tender
ASTA Architects Sdn, Bhd. chooses negotiated tender methods to shorten the construction period because the works are fast-tracked. It allows the flexibility in negotiation between the client and the contractor. The more collaborative approach helps the client and contractor to develop project requirements in details. It also minimise the failure risks in the construction, thus the extra expenses caused by mistakes is reduced.
The documents are prepared for a range of contracts such as equipment supply, demolition, enabling works, etc. In this project, ASTA Architects Sdn. Bhd. undertake coordination with involved consultants such as M&E Engineer, C&S Engineer to prepare detailed and finalised tender drawings and specifications.
B) Bills of Quantity (BOQ)
The Bills of Quantity is a required document of contract that consists of the measured quantities of the items of work under the contract which is identified by the drawing and specifications. The quantities may be measured in amount, length, area, volume, etc.. With BOQ, the project can be carried out smoothly without complication. BOQ enhances the tendering process and provides an overall cost tabulation thus the project is in transparency. After the construction, BOQ helps in cost computation. It links the stakeholders, consultants, engineers and contractors together. It also acts as the reference for future project.
Figure 7: Sample of Doors and windows schedule.
Grand Total Area = 1771.0m²
Assuming the Basic Renovation Cost (RM/ft²) = RM650/ft²
Total construction cost
= Total Project Cost (RM) × [ Total Area (m2 ) × 10 76]
= RM650/ft² × (1771m² × 10.76)ft²
= �������� ��������. ���� ����������������������������
5.2.4 Contract Implementation & Management
It is the process of creating, analysing and executing a contract which involves all parties working together to maximise the performance of operation and finance. This could include the legally enforceable agreements. In this phase, the client is advised on the expectation of cost and duration of the employment. Moreover, the information and
instructions are provided to the contractor as required under the rules and regulations of the building contract for permission of works. A well-managed contract administration is imperative for the effective execution of the contract.
A) Site Meetings
Site meetings are carried out regularly by ASTA Architects Sdn. Bhd. It is an opportunity to identify the changes to the contract. The discussion is carried out before the final decisions are made on the contract to avoid the risk of construction. During the meeting, both client and project team must prepare the list of discussion points which needs to be resolved immediately. The work schedule is also discussed to enhance the efficiency of the construction. It is counted as the central project management activity in this phase to ensure there is no mistakes made on the contract.
B) Construction Schedule
The contractor creates the construction schedule for the project to determine the sequential order and the duration of the construction works. The contractor records everyday construction progress and double-check the remaining works to be completed. It also enables the project to be maintained within the budget and duration with the consideration of the resource and time constraints. Overall, the construction schedule is vital in achieving the project goals by maximising the efficiency and minimising the potential risks.
Extension of Time (EOT)
The contractor has applied for the extension of time due to the Unforeseen weather in Taiping, Perak. The construction period is delayed during the raining season and this has impact the ability to complete the work on time. The application is approved since the delay is not caused by the contractor’s delay.
Figure 9: Sample of Application for Extension of Time (EOT) by the project manager.
C) Interim Payment Certification
An interim payment certification is the payment made by the client to the contractor and the subcontractor against the works in stages, rather than receive the full payment after the project is completed. It is paid based on the percentage of work completed periodically. The payment made to cover their costs and maintain the cashflow, thus indirectly reduce the financial issues that could influence the project’s progress.
D) Approval for Service Providers
Approval for Service Providers is required by Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB). This certification includes a review of the service provider’s capabilities, experience and qualification to ensure that they have the ability to provide high-quality services in the project. Consequently, it guarantees the safety and the success of the construction. The authority approval includes TNB, SYABAS, JPP and BOMBA are necessary for the testing and inspection before getting approval for services providers.
5.2.5 Completion and Final Accounts
The final completion of the construction is the final stage where all the works has been completed and the building is ready for the end-users. The phase involves a final inspection of the building by the relevant authorities to ensure that it obeys all the building codes and safety standards. Furthermore, the preparation and settlement of the final account is done in this phase, it summarises all the costs incurred during the construction project. It is important because it helps to ensure all sectors are paid equally and the project is completed within the estimated budget.
A) Certificate on Practical Completion (CPC)
CPC is issued by the contractor administrator that the construction works are completed. This certificate guarantees that the building has been constructed based on the contract documents and it signifies the responsibility of the contractor for the construction works is ended. Once CPC is issued, the defects and issues of the building that arise thereafter are the responsibility of the client since the client takes possession of the building.
B) Certificate of Compliance (CCC)
The certificate of compliance is certificate that certifies the completion of the building construction. This certificate confirms that the building or structure complies with all relevant building codes, regulations, and safety standards. The CCC is granted by Principle Submitting Person (PSP), which includes a professional architect, engineer or the registered buildng draughtsman. They are registered under the professional body registration statute, such as the Architects Act 1967. Referring to the by-laws in UBBL 2021, the PSP shall issue CCC (Form F) subject through supervision on the building’s erection and completion to ensure all the technical condition imposed by authority have been fulfilled the satisfactorily In addition, all 21 construction components listed in the second schedule for stage certification have been certified and issued in the form of G1 to G21.
Moreover, the essential services as mentioned below have been installed:
1. Electrical supply (TNB)
2. Water supply (SYABAS)
3. Connection to sewerage treatment plants o main (JPP)
4. Active firefighting systems (BOMBA)
5. Roads and drainage (JPS)
6. IWK (Sewerage)
Figure 10: Sample of Issuance of Certificate of Practical Completion (CPC)C) Client Handing Over
The site is handed over to the client when the contractor administrator has confirmed that the construction work stated in the contract are completed. The handing-over meeting is carried out and the contractor examines the work to identify the potential defects. All the documentations about the project are passed to the clients Here is the checklist of the documentations:
1. Handover acceptance document
2. Operating instructions
3. Procedures and templates for maintenance
4. Logs of maintenance
5. Issues that need to be resolved, next steps, and snagging lists
6. Contractual records
7. Reception report
8. Records related to version control or configuration management and any projector deliverable-specific documentation are the final items.
D) Defect Liability Period
The defects liability period is the duration for rectification, which begins from the date that the client receives the building. Based on HDA Malaysia, the Defect Liability Period is about 24 months to 36 months from the date of handover. Within the period, any damage and defects even the faulty workmanship identified by client can listed and reported to the contractor administrator, the contractor is responsible to identify and rectify defects. The purpose of defect liability period is to ensure the completed project fulfil the quality standard specified in the contract. After the defect liability period ends, the contractor is no longer responsible for any defects or issues that may arise, unless they are covered by a warranty or other contractual agreement.
Figure 11: Sample of Form FBelow is the Dashpivot application, which is the defect tracking tools that used during the defect liability period. With this application, it enhances the defect detections since the application can process large amounts of data immediately. The defect found is documented neatly and accurately referring to the defected location. The contractor also can track the information quickly and resolves the issues found. This has increased the efficiency of the defect resolutions and reduce the risk of disputes between the client and the contractor.
E) Final Account Certificate
The final account certificate is issued by the contract administrator at the end of the liability period, when the outcome meets the satisfaction of the client. The detailed breakdown of the final cost of the project is stated clearly in the certificate, including all the expenses incurred by the contractor and any adjustment made. It is the final settlement between the client and the contractor, and signifies that all contractual obligations have been fulfilled.
5.3 Implementation Tools
The implementation phase involves construction of the real project after getting approvals. The project team manage and coordinate the project to confirm that the final outcome achieve the objectives of the project. This phase also includes the estimation of cost, schedule and scope. The implementation is challenging due to the complication of the project. Thus, the interview
Figure 12: Dashpivot application
Figure 13: Sample of Final Account Certificate
with Ar. Azim is carried out concerning the monitoring tools and strategies he used during the project.
5.3.1 Planning and Scheduling
Microsoft Office Excel
The architect maps out the project schedule and project phases using Gantt Chart. Gantt Chart is useful in scheduling, assigning, and tracking the project tasks from time to time. All the tasks of the project are outlined in Gantt Chart against a timescale. It provide an instant overview of the project. It helps to ensure that the schedule is workable and can be completed within the time planned. The contractors in charge can also update their own progress in the Gantt Chart for the architect to monitor the progress during each phase. Through this method, the progress of the construction can be tracked to ensure the project is carried out as scheduled.
5.3.2 Design and Drafting A) AutoCAD
During the implementation phase, Computer-aided design (CAD) is important for the architect and the team to create the 2D drawing with clear indication of dimension and inner details. Autodesk AutoCAD is used to produce all the drawing of this project. It is one of the best CAD software which enables construction professionals to create intricate technical drawings with great accuracy. This is crucial for construction projects because even minor mistakes can result in delays and costly mistakes. The drawings produced include floor plans, elevations, sections, detailed drawings, etc..
Figure 14: Sample of site plan generated
During design stage, SketchUp is used to generate the three-dimensional building from the two-dimensional drawing in AutoCAD. It provides the better visualisation of the 3D architecture model with high accuracy of measurement and positioning. In this way, the 3D models can be shown during the client meetings to have clear communication before getting approvals.
Revit is a Building Information Modeling (BIM) software and it is frequently used for construction project. To obtain the BIM information of the building, the building model in SketchUp is then converted into Revit to insert the BIM information to the design feature. In this way, the construction tram can work efficiently with more accurate information of the building and it can save more time and money. It also make the construction documentation efficiently.
B) SketchUp
Figure 15: Sample of model generated using SketchUp
C) Revit
D) Enscape
Enscape is a real-time visualisation tool that create the accessible and comprehendible information to all parties The visualizations accurately represent the choice of materials, artificial lighting and daylight, and objects such as vegetation and furniture, providing a beautifully realistic view of project. It is also able to iterate the design ideas within a 3D-rendered environment in the fastest time.
Enscape also allows the client to explore the space and design in the project through Virtual-Reality (VR). It helps the client to have better visualisation on the spaces in more accurate scale and light quality. The client also has deeper understanding on the impact of the texture and materials used in the spaces. With the enhanced visualisation, the communication of the architect and the client is more effective on the design ideas and the modifications needed.
Figure 16: Sample of Revit Window
Figure 17: Interior Space rendered using Enscape
Besides, BIM information is also available in Enscape. The BIM information is directly inserted from the building model in Revit. The data has eased the management of BIM projects due to the specification on the products used and materials applied.
Adobe Photoshop is an aid to produce more realistic architectural rendering, visualisation and diagrams for the clients. It gives the final touches to the rendering through photomontage and become more presentable to the clients. By using Adobe Photoshop, the renderings produced are closer to the final outcome with the details of the reflection of the materials, luminance of the lighting, etc..
Figure 18: Sample of VR View in Enscape
Figure 19: Sample of BIM Information Panel in Enscape
E) Adobe Photoshop
5.4 Monitoring Tools and Strategies
As mentioned by the Ar Azim, he and his team applied the monitoring tools to overview the project task throughout the project. In this way, he guarantees that the project can be completed within the given time and budget. The project can also be carried out in the least risk because the site monitoring can identify the mistakes instantly to avoid the occurrence of failure in technical standards. Monitoring helps to measure the progress of the project and track the performance overtime. It is also about comparing the projected performance in the contract and the actual performance at the construction site. Constant monitoring allows the project team to resolve the mistakes found quickly whenever the issues occur.
The types of monitoring tools and strategies used by Ar Azim during the project are mentioned as below.
A) Site Meeting
The essence of site meetings is to facilitate smooth running of project from inception to completion stage. The site meetings are held by Ar Azim throughout the project. Therefore, the presences of the contractors, sub-contractors, engineers and stakeholders to manage their construction works to minimize disputes that my delay the completion of the project. The client is briefed about the progress of the project from time to time on progress and challenges of projects. In essence, building projects are managed from inception to completion using site meetings, dispute is avoided by solving problematic issues that come across during construction. Site meetings are usually scheduled twice in a month to monitor initial design and concept in relation to the actual occurrence on site.
Figure 20: Sample of window of adobe Photoshop Figure 21: Sample of Site MeetingB) Meeting Minutes
Minute meeting is to record all the topics discussed in the meeting. It is an accurate and reliable representation of the current stage of the project since all the stakeholders attend the meeting, thus it is assumed that the information provided in the meeting is agreed by all parties. The issues that have been resolved or need to be resolved before the next meeting are also recorded to foster effective construction project collaboration. Moreover, minutes meeting allows the project team to priotise the main discussion topics during the meeting and it improve the project progress. The recorded documentation is to capture all the decisions made and disagreement lodged during the meeting and the solution will be discussed in the next meeting.
C) Technical Meeting
Technical meetings is aimed to discuss the technical issues faced during the construction and resolve them. It is an internal meeting within the technical team and is held any time when the discussion is necessary. Referring to Ar. Azim, during the meeting, the relevant technical details and uncertainties after site inspection are identified. Then, the critical discussion is carried out and the technical team proposes the best solution, which is easiest that requires the least expenses and time. Overall, the technical meeting leads the technical team to carry out the project in the most efficient way.
D) Gantt Chart
Gantt chart is used for planning and managing the project. With the detailed task lists, the timeline of the project is created systematically. It ensures the construction is always on the track. By using the Gantt Chart, the overall workflow of the project is enhanced due to the improvement of the transparency in scheduling, resource allocation, and progress for all stakeholders and the reduction of downtime by identifying, assessing, and planning for
Figure 22: Sample of meeting minutes
potential roadblocks or bottlenecks in the project. In this way, the project can be completed as scheduled.
5.5 Risks and Solutions
Risk management is the process of identifying the potential risks that may occur throughout the project and evaluate the solution to minimise the impacts to the project. With an effective risk management plan, the project can be carried out with the minimal of errors and it indirectly reduces the expenses and construction duration.
There are few problems faced in the project.
Risks/ Problem Project Impact Solutions
Schematic Design Stages
1. Lack of site information - The incomplete site surveys lead to the design errors during late of stages
2. Insufficient communication between the client and the architect
Design Development Phase
- Lack of communication between the architect and client causes the misunderstanding of the project goals and objectives.
1. Unforeseen weather - The construction is delayed during the raining seasons.
5.6 Contract Procurement
- Conduct a thorough site survey and verifying all the measurements and surrounding before finalising the design.
- Having regular meetings to ensure the architect understand the client’s needs and double-check the design intention with the client.
- Apply the Extension of time (EOT).
In simple terms, procurement is the process of acquiring goods and services in construction. A construction company needs to strategically approach the procurement process to maximize the efficiency of a project. A construction firm must carefully approach procurement and purchase supplies cost-effectively, considering factors like timeline, quality of project, and budget.
Figure 23: Sample of Gantt Chart“Design and Build” (D&B) contract is chosen as the contractual arrangement for this project, which the contractor provides the design and create the construction project for a contract that include both design and construction costs. The contractor is responsible for coordinating all aspects of the project from initial phase to final completion, which includes the necessary permits and approval, hiring subcontractors and managing the construction process
In this way, the contractual relation between all the parties to the main contractor is simplified since the D&B is single point of contract for both design and construction It clarifies the process and potentially reduces the administrative costs since the client does not have to deal with multiple parties and contracts. With the strong collaboration between the contractor and the client, the design proposed can fulfil the client’s requirements and budget well. The contractor also provide the input on construction feasibility during the design phase, this can avoid the extra expenses. Additionally, D&B enhance the efficiency of the project. The overall project timeline is reduced because the construction can be started while the design is still being finalised. There is less time spent on coordinating between different parties, which can reduce delays. Consequently, the project can be completed within the estimated time because D&B had overlapping the design and construction phase, this leads to early completion and cost savings.
5.7 Success Criteria
The project success criteria is closely relevant with the triple project management constraints, which are cost, quality and time. With the balance success criteria throughout the project lifecycle, the project is conducted collaboratively among all the stakeholders and the success final outcome meets the needs of the client within the completion time and budget.
5.7.1 Project Management Constraints
A) Costs
By using “Design & Built” procurement method, the total expenses is managed effectively. With the single point of contract, the contractor is responsible for both the design and construction of the project, thus, he can develop the design and conduct the construction to meet the client’s budget and construction duration. The accurate estimating costs is vital to reduce the expenses without compromising quality and timelines.
Figure 24: Sample of management structure of the design and build contractB) Quality
Since the contractor is fully responsible in all phases of the project, through the effective and frequent communication with the client, the high-quality design is able to be produced which meets the client’s expectations and the management of construction quality must be effectively.
C) Time
Design and Built procurement method allows the project delivery process to be more streamlined. It also eliminates the time delay between the design and construction phase because the construction can start during the end of the design phase. With the single point of contract for the client, the client does not need to communicate with multiple parties, which may cause breakdown. The client just need to coordinate with the contractor to deliver the design intention and any idea. Hence, the time required for communication is saved and the efficiency of the project is improved.
6.0 Conclusion
This project demonstrates the community's ability to create structures that not only meet the present needs but also enable future generations to maintain and resolve economic challenges in the area.
The project schedule and timeline were carefully planned by using a Gantt Chart to ensure efficient progress and prevent delays. Implementation phases were broken down to identify the entire scope of the project progress, and a contingency plan was developed to address any potential issues. Regular site meetings and effective communication were crucial for tracking progress, identifying and resolving problems, and meeting deadlines.
Figure 25: Triple constraint of project management7.0 Reference
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