Portfolio from lei WANG( Research projects)

Absract Fluff in Flurry tackles two key urban problems for the present and future of large cities: energy and housing. The project proposes a series of residential towers partially covered with a piezo-electric skin which acts both as a source of energy for the inhabitants and canopy for the public areas connecting the various blocks. Piezo materials are not only used for their performative qualities, but also aesthetic and experiential ones: they provide a colorful, dynamic landscape exploited wind as an urban material.

The research methodically utilized a series of advanced computational techniques to quantify wind pressure, employing as form finding devices, and explore it effect on matearials. Through a series of simulations ran at different scales, Fluff in Flurry manages to design an entire urban complexfrom the skin of the buildings to the overall organization of the tower – around issues of energy and wind.

02 WIND DYNAMIC

01.Project Background

02.01.01 General Site around London City Airport

Satellite Image site area 75m 0m

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500m 150m

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02 WIND DYNAMIC 02.'Breeze Whisper'

02.01.01 Wind Speed Mapping

02 WIND DYNAMIC 02.'Breeze Whisper'

02.01.02 Simulation of Wind Flow

02 WIND DYNAMIC 02.‘Breeze Whispers’

02.02.02 Wind Speed Mapping

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02 WIND DYNAMIC 02.‘Breeze Whispers’

02.02.04 Special Strategy

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02 WIND DYNAMIC 02.‘Breeze Whispers’

02.02.05 Detailed Design Site

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02 WIND DYNAMIC 02.‘Breeze Whispers’

02.02.05 Detailed Design Site

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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 02.Windscape

03.02.01 Progression

03.02.01 Progression

Cranes Portsmouth Mews Millenium Mills

The Britannia Village Hall

By extracting the area with certain wind speed, we got some wind trace from the local wind patten.

Brittannia Village Primary School Britannia Village Green

B P Silvertown Service Station

DLR Pontoon Dock

Thames Barrier Park

Lyle Park Barrier Point Bradfield Warehouse

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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 01.Massing

03.01.01 Automatic Layout Generation

Our goal in conducting this study was to optimize the site layout of an innovative housing structure to balance energy-harvesting capability against other necessary qualities such as daylight, views, and access to natural ventilation. Since design simulation is always performed in relation to an idea of ‘success,’ defining success for each space provides a measurement that becomes the criterion for the design simulation efforts.

Site planning and massing The site planning process initially involves massing the program into geometrical blocks driven by typology in Galapagos and Ladybug. This process involves linear, double-loaded residential towers which tend to set buildings between 45’ and 90’ wide. Most other typologies have standard widths and depths. A box model of one or more typical widths can be utilized to study skin-to-core depth, orientation, and the amount of wind pressure that is obtainable. The overall layout can then be used to calculate energy-harvesting capability and energy use.

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.20 2.56H 8400

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.90 2.99H 10206

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.70 3.91H 9702

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.82 3.59H 9407

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.82 2.59H 9408

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.702 2.62H 9828

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.92 2.90H 10248

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

2.58 2.61H 6762

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.02 3.09H 7896

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

4.11 4.11H 10752

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.82 2.67H 9996

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.69 2.82H 9960

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.77 2.98H 9870

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

2.76 2.97H 7224

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.72 3.81H 9744

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.37 2.83H 8820

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

4.24 3.02H 11088

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

2.15 2.66H 5628

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.82 3.59H 9407

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

2.54 3.83H 6636

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

2.73 2.53H 7140

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

2.15 2.66H 5628

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

2.02 2.70H 5292

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

4.17 3.79H 10920

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

2.82 3.80H 7392

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.56 2.87H 9324

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.11 2.82H 8148

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

3.35 2.03H 8778

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

4.56 3.79H 11928

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

1.70 3.17H 4452

Tower Building > 54m

block

Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses

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3.20 2.20H 8658

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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 01.Massing

03.01.02 Solar Studies and Shading

In urban sites, shading from nearby buildings or other site features can affect solar irradiance in such a way that the building must be designed appropriately in response. We built our proposal with the ultimate goal of ensuring that residents will have quality housing well into the future, so shading goals should be set in relation to peak design goals to make the building as sustainable as possible. We combined Galapagos with Ladybug for the purposes of analysis; we used Ladybug to analyze each layout in real-time and screened the layout according to maximum sunlight hours and natural ventilation.

Shadow Range 48 - 2

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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 01.Massing

03.01.03 Daylighting

Then we started to reduce the amount of the outcomes by obsoleting those ones with weak environmental performance. We firstly did the shadow range analysis, and calculate the total area on the ground with shadow. Thus, some of the outcomes were obsoleted due to the large shadow area which is not good for people's activities in the community.

Sunlight Hours Analysis 48 - 2

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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 01.Massing

03.01.04 CFD Wind Pressure Calculation

Low-energy projects in climates such as London’s, which features mild conditions during sizable portions of the year, often employ natural ventilation to provide cooling and allow fresh air to flow through the structure. Because wind provides the energy source in the proposed design, we ran a second screening: We input the overall layout into CFD to determine how much of the building’s surroundings were necessary to consider in order to ensure a reasonable prediction of the wind pressure coefficient. Finally, the surface with maximum wind pressure was established as the building’s energy-generation capacity.

Wind conditions were accounted for throughout the design process with the same simulation tools.

By working through loops of simulation test-design optimization, we designed a housing community in harmony with its natural environment and able to generate its own energy by harvesting wind power.

6-story 13 24-story 30 54 story 7 Total Pressure Result 24582.74 Pa

6-story 10 24-story 16 54 story 6 Total Pressure Result 15966.24 Pa

6-story 13 24-story 22 54 story 5 Total Pressure Result 17604.71 Pa

6-story 23 24-story 20 54 story 8 Total Pressure Result 17459.95 Pa

6-story 23 24-story 13 54 story 4 Total Pressure Result 14268.14 Pa

6-story 15 24-story 25 54 story 4 Total Pressure Result 19888.23 Pa

6-story 7 24-story 27 54 story 7 Total Pressure Result 17370.87 Pa

6-story 25 24-story 16 54 story 7 Total Pressure Result 14912.20 Pa

6-story 27 24-story 16 54 story 6 Total Pressure Result 16795.85 Pa

6-story 25 24-story 16 54 story 7 Total Pressure Result 20214.34 Pa

6-story 26 24-story 14 54 story 8 Total Pressure Result 20691.04 Pa

6-story 13 24-story 30 54 story 7t Total Pressure Result 24582.74 Pa

6-story 23 24-story 20 54 story 9 Total Pressure Result 22106.05 Pa

6-story 14 24-story 32 54 story 10 Total Pressure Result 30906.99 Pa

6-story 15 24-story 30 54 story 11 Total Pressure Result 22731.36 Pa

Velocity 70 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -70

Pressure 70 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -70

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6-story 13 24-story 12 54 story 3 Total Pressure Result 13762.87 Pa

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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 02.Windscape

03.02.01 Progression

Millenium Mills Redeveloping

03.02.01 ProgressionHaving extracted the wind trace, we transformed it into the paths which divided the site into several areas. We tried to make the path connecting to the northern side(where have many existing urban infrustructure to serve the new community) and the southern side in order to provide closer connection to the water.

New Silvertown Redevelopment area Britania Village Center Bradfield Village Living Area

Pontoon Dock Accessing to Thames Barrier Park

Lyle Park

New Dock Area Developing Warehouse Area Demolishing

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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 02.Windscape

03.02.02 Masterplan 10m 0m

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70m 30m

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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 02.Windscape

03.02.03 Vertical Analysis

D.

C.

Landscape Morphology A Accelerating wind speed to improve the pressure on the facades

Landscape Morphology B

A.

Ground Level Wind Condition Landscape Morphology A

Landscape Morphology B

Creating lower ground space with weak wind as outdoor leisure area.

Landscape Morphology C

Landscape Morphology C

Enhancing the air flow inside the valley, improve the generation efficiency of piezoelectric material on the ground.

Landscape Morphology D

Landscape Morphology D

C o sta l s l o p e i s b e n ef i c i a l fo r w i n d harvesting of the piezoelectric furs on the facade and ground.

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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 02.Windscape

03.02.05 Prototype Strategies

Prototype A

The frame fabric enveloping the ground and buildings provide various functions. Firstly, it can be topped with plastic film which can create a semi-open space for people; Secondly, the piezoelectric furs can be put onto the fabric to harvest wind.

Prototype B

The vertical screens on the ground is a real-time dynamic wind generator using piezoelectric material, which will change the direction to keep itself facing the current wind direction.

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04 BUILDING SCALE 01.Design Approach

Energy Strategy

Energy Strategy (1) Particle-based Simulation

(2) Configuration Pixelating

(3) Triangle Panels and Piezoelectric Fabric

By using Realflow, we can generate some columnar configuration which is formed under the influence of wind and turbulance.

The series of configuration were pixelated into the towers which were composed of 3 meter by 3 meter cubes, in order to fit the housing units' size and living scale.

Basing on the solid planes around the building, we transformed it into panels with different size of void in between, which depends on the wind simulation results of the pressure on the planes.The amount of the piezoelectric furs on each panal is proportional with the size of void in on the panels

(1) Housing Units Generation

(2) Housing Units Integration

(3) Interior Space Detailing

The basic housing units are consist of 3*3*3 meter cubes which were generated from cellular automata algorithm. The integration value (total area divide total volume) and cube amount of each unit are used as criteria to choose proper ones from the massing outcomes.

The units developed in the last part are used as materials to be placed in the configuration and tried to keep the general shape of the tower in order to keep the high wind pressure of this configuration as well as guaranteeing the proper living space inside the configurations.

After the basic units were placed inside the configuration, next we did detail design for the interior space which on the one hand, can enrich living experience of the residents; On the other hand, some part of the inner space can also used as the place for energy generation.

Phase_02 Voxel Units

Phase_03 Triangle Panels & Piezoelectric Fabric

Phase_02 Housing Units Integration

Phase_03 Interior Space Detailing

Housing Strategy

Housing Strategy

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Phase_01 Configuration from Realflow

Phase_01 Housing Units Generation

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04 BUILDING SCALE 02.Design Energy

04.02.01 Wind Effected Building Configuration

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Frame_054

Frame_054

Frame_054

shape_01

shape_02

shape_03

Frame_054

Frame_054

Frame_054

shape_04

shape_05

shape_06

Process of One Configuration

Comparation of Six Configurations

This image illustrates the generation process of one wind-effected configuration. A volum of particles, initially embodied within a cubic shpe, evolve gradually towards an unanticipated morphologies with the settings of diverse parameters that could be seen as creating an amplified influence of some air flow.

This image exhibits a series of distinct configurations generated mainly by changing the positions and strengths of parameters such as voxel, noise, viscosity etc.. In this way, those configurations are not only the products that are moulded by the wind, but also refer to different wind condition of a certain period of time.

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04 BUILDING SCALE

02.Simulation for Configuration

04.02.01 Wind Effected Building Configuration

Frame_005

Frame_010

Frame_015

Frame_020

Frame_025

Frame_035

Mapping Particle Movement Data Three Frames 5, 35, 55 Grasshopper Algorithms

Frame_045

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Frame_055

Frame_065

This image is drawn by using three frames of the simulation. The position of each particle if recorded in Realflow and the trajectory is mapped in Grasshopper algorithmic modeling.

The gradient color sets of the circles exhibite the positions of particles at different stage. The mesh is the final form of the fluid at frame 55.

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04 BUILDING SCALE 02.Design Energy

Phase_01 Wrapped Panels

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Phase_02 Spatial Pressure Values

Phase_03 Pressure Values on Panels

Phase_03 Opening Sized by Pressure

Phase_03 "Energy Fur" on Panels

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04 BUILDING SCALE 02.Design Energy

04.02.04 Skin construction system

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04 Building Scale 03.Housing Unit

04.03.04 Integration

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04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit

04.03.03 Optimization

Having experimented the "Game of Life" algorithm, we then used the parameter which could produce the cubes properly for housing to create the housing units. We still used the 3D algorithm and limited it in a 12m*12m*12m three dementional grid. The minimum unit is 3m*3m*3m cube. As a result, we got a great deal of outcomes with different configuration of the cubes. Then we evaluated them and wanted to choose a group of outcomes to construct the tower.

3m 3m

12m

3m 3m

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04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit

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04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit

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04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit

Level 17 6 Units 11 Apartments

04.03.04 Integration

Having integrated the housing units into the tower, we then organized the transport and circulation inside the building, including the major vertical transportation, which is placed in the center of the tower; and the corridors that connect the centeral transportation area with the flat. The corridors are also works as the wind tunnel which can enhance the vantilation inside the tower.

Level 18 6 Units 11 Apartments

Level 19 5 Units 13 Apartments

Level 20 6 Units 11 Apartments

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04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit

04.03.05 Detail Design |4-flour Plan

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Level 17 0m 3m

6m

Level 19 0m 3m

6m

Level 18 0m 3m

6m

Level 20 0m 3m

6m

125

04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit

04.03.05 Detail Design |Photos of 4-flour Model

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04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit

04.03.05 Detail Design |Interior of Building with "Energy Fur" on Panel

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05 Material Research 02.Energy Generator

05.02.02 Fur Qualitative Research

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155

05 Material Research

02.Piezoelectric Material

05.01.02 Origami

Structure Diagram

Physical Model

Front Isometric View

Responsive Oragami Facade

Wind Speed

Rachet

Angle of Rotation 0

o

Pin

Angle of Rotation 30

o

Board 01

Angle of Rotation 45

o

Board 02

Angle of Rotation 60

o

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149

05 Material Research

02.Piezoelectric Material

05.02.01 Origami |Model of Responsive Origami

Open

Semi-open

Closed

150

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05 Material Research 02.Energy Generator

05.02.03 Fur Quantitative Research

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05 Material Research 02.Energy Generator

SUM 3289.035

SUM 3731.532

10 cm

10 cm

10 cm

5 cm

5 cm

5 cm

0 cm

0 cm 30

60

90

120

150

60

120

150

30

10 cm

10 cm

5 cm

5 cm

0 cm

0 cm 150

60

90

120

150

30

SUM 3522.904

10 cm

5 cm

5 cm

0 cm

0 cm 150

60

90

120

150

30

SUM 4032.127

10 cm

10 cm

5 cm

5 cm

0 cm

0 cm 150

60

90

120

150

SUM 3288.285

10 cm

10 cm

5 cm

5 cm

0 cm

0 cm 120

150

60

90

120

150

30

SUM 4096.420

10 cm

10 cm

5 cm

5 cm

0 cm

0 cm 150

Frame 150

90

120

150

120

150

120

150

Base Width Length

200 per m2 0.5 cm 15.0 cm

90

SUM 4619.974

5 cm

120

Frame 120

Tip Width 3.0 Length 50

10 cm

Tip Width 2.0 Length 60

60

Tip Width 2.5 Length 50

SUM 3985.946

90

Frame 90

0 cm 30

Tip Width 2.0 Length 50

60

Frame 60

SUM 4002.909

5 cm

30

60

Tip Width 3.0 Length 40

10 cm

90

Frame 30

Density 30

Tip Width 2.5 Length 40

SUM 3782.503

60

150

0 cm 30

Tip Width 2.0 Length 40

30

120

SUM 4720.909

5 cm

120

90 Tip Width 3.0 Length 30

10 cm

90

60

Tip Width 2.5 Length 30

SUM 3486.912

60

150

0 cm 30

Tip Width 2.0 Length 30

30

120

SUM 3073.722

10 cm

120

90 Tip Width 3.0 Length 20

5 cm

90

60

Tip Width 2.5 Length 20

10 cm

60

150

0 cm 30

SUM 3476.033

30

120

SUM 4073.747

5 cm

120

90 Tip Width 3.0 Length 10

10 cm

90

60

SUM 3699.904

Tip Width 2.0 Length 20

158

90 Tip Width 2.5 Length 10

SUM 3576.033

60

0.5 cm 1.0 cm 15.0 cm

0 cm 30

Tip Width 2.0 Length 10

30

Tip Width Base Width Length

SUM 3839.053

0 cm 30

60

90 Tip Width 2.5 Length 60

120

150

30

60

90 Tip Width 3.0 Length 60

159

05 Material Research 02.Energy Generator

160

161

06 Appendix

02.Computation

06.02.03 Evolutionary Morphogensis

174

175

06 Appendix

02.Computation

06.02.04 Housing Complex Generation

06 Appendix

02.Computation

06.02.05 Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Result

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177

Appendix 06 Appendix

02.Computation 02.Computation

06.02.05 Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Result 06.02.05 Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Result

178 178

179

06 Appendix

03.Non-Architecture

06.03.02 Animation of Interactive Screen

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