Introduction
Data Information:
USA_NY_New.York.City-Central.
Park.744860_TMY2
Koeppen climate Zone: Temperate, No Dry
Season, Hot Summer (Cfa)
ASHRAE climate zone: Mixed (4)
Average annual temperature: 12 °C
Annual total solar radiation: 1,460 kWh/m2
Heating Design Conditions
Coldest month: January
Coldest week: 1/18 - 1/24
Typical winter week: 12/13 - 12/19
Annual HDD for 18 °C is: 2,743 Design temperature
Cooling Design Conditions
Hottest month: July
Hottest week: 7/17 - 7/23
Typical summer week: 6/19 - 6/25
Annual CDD for 10 °C is: 1,926
Site location: Downtown Brooklyn, New York
Project: The Farragut Housing
The site is locating on Downtown Brooklyn. The Farragut housing is a government housing program that provide living units to the lower income people in order to give them a home. And the project will be proposed a new building that locate within the site and provide extra living units and working spaces.
Traffic
Map
Site Plan
Direction
0.04%: -11.7 °C
Design temperature 99.6%:
32.4 °C
Egress & Building core design
Assignment 3
Design an egress system and building core based on the understanding of the NYC DOB building code. What is the maximum travel distance? What is egress system?
Travel Distance Requirement:
Per NYC DOB BC-1016.1, Maximum travel distance without sprinkler system shall not more than 150ft; Maximum travel distance with sprinkler system shall not more than 200 ft.
Proposed Primary: 72 ft
Proposed Secondary: 102ft
Door requirements:
Doors shall be swinging, self-closing doors having a fire protection rating of one and one-half hours
Farragut housing: existing and proposed
occupancy classification: J-2 (old code) / R-2 ( 2014 building code)
Capacity number of persons per unit of width
A. doors openings:
To outdoors at grade: 50 people/openings (every 50 people capacity needs to have one exit to outdoor)
All other exits and corridor doors: 40 people/exit (every 40 people need to have one exit)
B.Stairs, escalators: 30 people/stair (every 30 people need to have one stair)
ramps, exit passageways, horizontal exit: 50 people/ exit (every 50 people need to have one exit passageway etc.)
C. Corridors
min. Width: 36in or 3 ft
max. Dead end (length in ft): max. 40 ft
Elevator Requirement:
Per ICC A 117.1, Typical Requirement shall 51”W x 80”L, or 60” x 60”
Proposed: 60” x 60”
Number of Exit:
Per §[C26-603.2] 27-366 Exits from floors.
There shall be at least two independent exits, remote from each other, from every floor of a building.
Exit Stairway requirement:
Per NYC DOB BC-1007.3:
To be considered part of an accessible means of egress, an exit access stairway as permitted by Section 1016.1 or exit stairway shall have a clear width of 48 inches (1219 mm) minimum between handrails and shall either incorporate an area of rescue assistance within an enlarged floor-level landing or shall be accessed from either an area of rescue assistance complying with Section 1007.6 or a horizontal exit.
Proposed Stair Width: 4ft for single stair, total 8ft wide
Solar Assessment & Daylighting Design
Assignment 4
Create a shading system that can help to improve the interior temperature in order to help energy save.
Base on the environmental analysis, solar energy is one of the greatest climate change for the existing site. In order to lower the interior temperature and help people to limit the energy use, a facade shading system is created to blocking the sunshine on certain direction. The facade will change its panel base on the heat gained on the exsterior wall.
Thermal Analysis:
Building Before Shading
Thermal Analysis:
Building After Shading
The indoor temperature of the apartment without shading is much hotter than the apartment with shading system.
Thermodynamics of Occupied Space
Assignment 5
How materials of the exterior wall and window openings affect the temperature of living spaces?
Base on the previous study, windows will be the way that letting heat to gain or lose with the largest amount. However, since this apartment is facing North direction, windows can provide more heat during the winter, and according to NYC DOB, each living/sleeping space shall provide lighting min.10% of the room area, and air will be min.5% of the room area. Therefore, windows still need to be install in order to fit the building code.
With the operative temperature of 24.5 degrees, wearing typical summer indoor clothing to cook, is doable according to ASHRAE standard 55-2020.
With the operative temperature of 24.5 degrees, wearing winter indoor clothing to do exercise like table sawing, is NOT doable according to ASHRAE standard 55-2020.
Occupied Space Level System (H.V.A.C System Design)
Assignment 6
Providing Mechanical system in the proposed building.
Calculate the size of the duct for each space and provide a proposed mechanical plan based on the calculation.
Building Level System
Assignment 7
Providing spaces for mechanical equipments
Typical Cellar Plan
Typical Ceiling Plan
Typical Roof Plan
Proposed building is 14 story high residential building with approximate 8-10 units per floor. Since this is not a high density residential building, with 3 setbacks, two chillers, two boilers and two cooling towers are able to serve the area from level 1-7 and 8-14. All the equipments are located on cellar floor so that noice will not affect the living units above. And most of the equipment need to be surround by fire proof wall, cellar walls are always thicker than others, therefore, put all the equipments on cellar is better than other floor. Plus, all the shafts are locate on north stair because this is a core that will be go from cellar to 14th floor, so that the HVAC system can share the same shaft from level 1- level 14. All F.A.I, Exhaust fans and cooling towers will be locate on the toppes roof so that all duct and pipe can go through the entire building.
Water Management and Plumbing System
Assignment 8
Understanding what is roof drainages and why it is so important.
Proposed Lavatory and Water closet base on the NYC Plumbing code for proposed office space.
5th floor roof: 5,175 S.f
Drainage Diameter: 5,175/4=1,294 s.f
3” Drains x 4
Pipe: 5” Pipe with 2-percent slope
9th floor roof: 3,282 s.f
Drainage Diameter: 3,282/4=820 s.f
2” Drain x 4
Pipe: 4” Pipe with 2-percent slope
14th floor roof: 4,216 s.f
Drainage diameter” 4,216/4= 1,054 s.f
3”Drains x 4
Pipe: 4” Pipe with 3-percent slope
Riser Diagram
Storm
General Office: 6,032 S.f
Break Room: 428+530=958 S.f
General Office: 6,032/100=60 Occ Proposed:60 Occupants
Break Room: Assembly without fixed seat ( Table and chairs)
958 S.f /15= 463 Occ Proposed: 28 Occupants
Guest Room: 384+251=635 S.f
Conference Room:
383+342+203+225=1,153 S.f
Guest Room: Assembly with fixed seat: 1 Occupant / seat
Proposed: 11 Occupants
Conference Room: Assembly with fixed seats: 1 Occupant / seat
Proposed: 26 Occupants
Total Occupancy Load: 60+28+11+26=125 Occupants
Total Required w.c: 101-140 Occpants 5 w.c / sex
Proposed: 10
Total Required Lavatories: 116-160 Occpuants 5 Lav. / Sex
Proposed: 10
Total Required Drinking Fountains: 1 per 100 Occupants
Proposed: 2
Total Reuqired Service Sink: 1
Proposed: 2
Power System and Alternative Energy System
Assignment 9
Provide Electrical System on proposed building
1) Explore the data that is available via RECS. How can this be useful for your design?
Typical Floor Area: 19395.8616 sqft
Total Building Area: 170774.7822 sqft
2) Using national Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) data in 2015, determine the estimated Energy Use Intensity (EUI) of your residential building in the following units:
a. Typical Floor _____49.1______ kBtu/sq ft – year Building ____49.1_____ kBtu/sq ft – year
b. Typical Floor ______952336_______ kBtu/year Building _ 8385041________ kBtu/year
c. Typical Floor _____279048_________ kWh/year Building _______2456939______ kWh/year
Please state all of your assumptions and show a screen shot of the data table with the value selected and clearly indicate the square footage for your floor.
3) What area could be considered for applying photovoltaic panels? Using PV watts, determine the annual electricity production of the proposed PV array and the capacity of the array assuming that each 4kW PV array is 377 ft2 .
a. ______270.9________ kW (capacity)
b. _____349214_______ kWh/year (annual energy production)
Please state all of your assumptions show a screen shot of the PV watt outputs.
4) What percentage of the annual energy production does this PV array provide?
a. Typical Floor ______125.1%
b. Building _____ 14.2%
5) How much more efficient would your building need to be for the PV array to meet 100% of the annual My building has 85.8% to meet 100%.
Artificial Lighting System
Assignment 10
Provide Artificial Lighting System on proposed building
Each space will proposed at least one lighting fixture that shall have illuminace ratio greater than 0.33
Conclusion
Base on all the studies on this project, it is not hard to find out that architecture cannot ignore the environment that we live. In fact, arhchitecture has deep connection with enviroment. In this project we understand that there are a lot of factors can make architecture affect our environment. For example, the material that we choose to build our building might be create lots of carbon embodied which will harm the environment. However, at the same time, a better material choice can also provide better thermal insulation and limit the heat gain and lose, so that energy use will be lower. Plus, a shading facade system can help with heat gain and lose, the temperature of the interior spaces decide the energy use of the building. On another hand, architecture is not a design that full of our imaginations. There are a lot of codes and laws regulating the design that we create in order to provide better, saver living spaces to people. And these building code, plumbing code and zoning code will help us understand better how architecture work in real world.
