Issuu

A little sunshine

Tree talk

First Amendment guru urges transparency

Deforestation differs from forest management

Page 5

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March 17, 2022

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Clemmons barn will soon become performing arts center

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COREY MCDONALD STAFF WRITER

ment agencies for about five years. As technology improves, the vests get lighter, and the heavier ones get retired. The request for vests is the latest of Scott’s acts of solidarity with Ukraine. Those include canceling any purchase contracts with Russia and removing Russian vodka from liquor stores and bars; severing official relations with Vermont’s sister state in Russia and asking Vermont cities and towns to suspend similar sister city relationships; and asking the Legislature to appropriate $643,077 for humanitarian efforts in Ukraine — one dollar for every Vermonter.

The Big Barn at the Clemmons Family Farm is already considered a hub for Vermont’s community of Black artists. Now, with federal funds secured for the historic, 148-acre farm, the barn will soon be transformed into a venue for African American and African diaspora visual and performing arts programs. Sen. Patrick Leahy last week announced more than $167 million in funding for specific Vermont projects across the state, including $5 million for Shelburne Farms, as well as $500,000 for the African American Arts & Culture Center at the Clemmons Family Farm — one of the 22 landmarks on the state’s African American Heritage Trail. “As chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee I made sure that Vermonters have had a center seat at the table in writing this bill,” Leahy said in a statement. “From providing resources to grow ‘made in Vermont’ ideas like the farm to school program, to supporting our rural village and downtown spaces, and everything in between, this bill reflects Vermont priorities and ideas and values.” Lydia Clemmons, the president and executive director of the Clemmons Family Farm, said the majority of the $500,000 will go toward continuing work on the big barn as a visual and performing arts center. “It’s just amazing,” Clemmons said. “This is just setting us on the trajectory toward converting the whole farm into a center for the public, for everybody to learn about my parents’ legacy, but also African American (and) African diaspora history, and to just come together as a community.” The project will be in collaboration with Zena Howard, the award-winning archi-

See ARMOR on page 8

See LEAHY on page 2

PHOTO BY AL FREY

Several Champlain Valley Union High School sports teams took the Penguin Plunge March 12, jumping into an icy cold Lake Champlain to raise money for Special Olympics Vermont.

Cops donate armor for Ukraine TOMMY GARDNER STAFF WRITER

Last week, Lamoille County sheriff Roger Marcoux found himself repaying a favor from three decades ago, donating surplus body armor to help in a conflict far from Vermont’s mountains. Gov. Phil Scott last week called on Vermont law enforcement agencies and any person with unused body armor to donate it to the Ukrainian war effort. Marcoux said he is familiar with people needing help protecting themselves from violence, from the receiving end. When he was working for federal Drug Enforcement Agency in the 1990s, often

undercover, stationed in Haiti with local police surrounded by violent gangs, he reached out to Vermont’s state police force and Sen. Patrick Leahy to help get body armor shipped to the country. Marcoux said Kevlar couldn’t simply be exported during that era, because of the tight rein on the technology. “It was a big game changer,” he said. Marcoux said his department last week was able to donate outdated body armor capable of holding ceramic plate inserts. Ceramic is used in armor to break bullets apart, which slows it down, making it less likely to penetrate. Marcoux said ballistic vests are only suitable for use in American law enforce-

Page 2 • March 17, 2022 • The Citizen

LEAHY

continued from page 1

Most people know Shelburne Farms as a destination, a historical estate with roots that date back to the state itself. But they may not know how far the national reach of the farm-based educational nonprofit center goes. What started at Shelburne Farms, the picturesque agricultur-

FILE PHOTO

Federal funds will help bring performing arts to the African-American Arts and Culture Center at the Clemmons Family Farm.

in local communities and influence across the country.” The national Farm to School Institute began as a partnership more than 20 years ago between Shelburne Farms and the Northeast Organic Farmers Association, which together created a program called Vermont FEED — Food Education Every Day.

It quickly expanded across the state. Now, Vermont has an active farm to school network, with nearly 86 percent of schools in Vermont participating in some form of the program. Over time it morphed into a public-private partnership, with a number of state departments, including the Vermont Agency of Agriculture and Department of Health, providing “incredible support and leadership for farm to school, because they all see the benefits of it,” Camp said. “We are better feeding our children more nutritious meals, we’re supporting the local economy — children learn better to when they’re well fed,” she said.

That in turn started a grant program that has bolstered the institute’s mission: paying for school’s needs in their cafeterias, helping pay for school field trips to local farms, helping build a garden at local elementary schools and curriculum design work. “Those grants helped Vermont Farm to School programs have some staying power to be able to take the next step from an idea to actually implementing a program in their school,” Camp said. “This will just be a tremendous boost,” she said. “Every Vermonter should feel great about this, because it’s sharing some of Vermont’s best practices.”

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tect who designed the Smithsonian Institute’s National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C. Howard visited the center in 2018 to support early creative placemaking for the historic Big Barn. The rest of the funds, meanwhile, will be used to renovate the upstairs level of the Authentica African Imports and Art Gallery, specifically to create an in-house residency for local artists. Like the rest of the farm, this building has incredible history itself. The building was “the venue for the very first African art, import and mail order business in the country,” Clemmons said, started by her mother and father, Jackson and Lydia Clemmons.

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The Citizen • March 17, 2022 • Page 3

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A bear and her cub on the move across a suburban Vermont backyard looking for food.

Vermont wildlife officials say ‘take down birdfeeders’ State wildlife officials are urging Vermonters to take down their birdfeeders as warm spring weather and melting snows may cause bears to come out of winter dens in search of food. The Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department recommends taking down feeders and keeping them stored until December to avoid attracting bears. “Although we typically recommend taking down bird feeders by April 1, we are asking Vermonters to take them down early this year,” Jaclyn Comeau, the department’s bear biologist, said. The department is already receiving bear reports and encourages Vermonters who experience a conflict with bears to submit a report through its “Living with Black Bears” webpage. “Preventing bears from having access to human-related foods, such as bird seed, is key to successful coexistence,” Comeau said. Other potential sources of food for bears include garbage, open dumpsters, backyard chickens, pet food, barbecue grills, campsites with accessible food and food waste. “Purposely feeding a bear is not just bad for the bear,” Comeau said. “It is also dangerous for you, it causes problems for your neighbors, and it is illegal.”

Besides taking down birdfeeders between late March and December, the department offers other tips: • Store garbage in bear proof containers or structures — trash cans alone are not enough. • Follow the steps on the department’s web page for composting in bear country. • Use electric fences to keep chickens and honeybees safe. • Request a bear-proof Dumpster from your waste hauler. • Feed pets indoors • Never feed bears, deliberately or accidentally For Vermonters who wish to connect with and appreciate songbirds after taking down birdfeeders, the department will be partnering with Audubon Vermont to highlight alternatives like it’s Native Plants for Birds Program. “Birds and native plants co-evolved over millions of years together,” Gwendolyn Causer, Audubon Vermont’s communication coordinator and environmental educator, said. “Native plants provide essential food resources for birds year-round and host protein-rich native butterfly and moth caterpillars, the number one food for songbird nestlings. Best of all, they do not attract bears.”

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Hinesburg Police Blotter March 6 at 2:11 p.m., a car passed a school bus on Richmond Road, but police did not locate it. March 6 at 8:53 p.m., officers moved a tree that had fallen in the middle of Shelburne Falls Road. March 7 at 12:21 p.m., officers assisted the Hinesburg Community School with an out-of-control juvenile. March 7 at 4:50 p.m., someone complained of erratic operators driving on Route 116 but when officers checked the area, they found no improper driving. March 8 at 6:43 a.m., police assisted Hinesburg EMS with a medical call on CVU Road. March 8 at 9:05 a.m., officers checked North Road after someone reported a man yelling at cars, but they found no one. March 8 at 1:40 p.m., another erratic driver, this time on Silver Street, but the car had zoomed away by the time police checked the area.

March 8 at 1:53 p.m., someone reported their car had been damaged in a parking lot on Silver Street. March 8 at 5:37 p.m., a false alarm was triggered at a business on Commerce Street. March 9 at 9:23 a.m., police checked on the well-being of a resident on Pond Brook Road. March 9 at 11:18 a.m., if you lost a yellow bicycle on Commerce Street, it was turned in at the station. March 9 at 12:01 p.m., police connected a citizen on Route 116 with community outreach. March 9 at 3:34 p.m., police continued work on an active investigation into a possible online scam. March 9 at 9:41 p.m., police responded to a residence on Route 116 for an investigation into a possible domestic assault. No one has been arrested. March 10 at 9:49 a.m., police worked on an active inves-

tigation into a restraining order violation on CVU Road. March 11 at 11:24 a.m., police are keeping an eye out for a suspicious vehicle that’s been reported around Birchwood Drive. March 11 at 4:30 p.m., police worked on an active theft investigation at a business on Route 116. March 11 at 5:52 p.m., police assisted with an unruly juvenile at Hillview Terrace. March 12 at 9:23 a.m., as 6-12 inches of powder floated down, a few cars were caught in the middle. A single vehicle crashed on Pond Brook Road, not resulting in any injuries. March 12 at 12:26 p.m., another car crashed on Richmond Road. March 12 12:57 p.m., another two cars crashed on Silver Street two cars. March 12 at 4:29 p.m., someone reported their vehicle had been damaged in a parking lot on Kelley’s Field Road.

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COVID-19 rules put Vermonters in charge The state is putting its COVID-19 prevention efforts into the hands of Vermonters. As of March 14, citing “low levels of severe disease and effective tools to prevent COVID-19, Vermonters should consider their own circumstances and risk in deciding what precautions to take — including wearing a mask around others — to protect themselves, loved ones and those at higher risk from COVID-19.” Previously the guidance recommended wearing a mask in all indoor public spaces. Vermonters are still urged to be vaccinated against the virus. “Although COVID isn’t going away, we’re in a much different place than we were not too long ago, and we know how to protect ourselves,” Gov. Phil Scott said. “Vaccination remains the best tool in our toolbox to protect ourselves and others, and we continue to encourage anyone who hasn’t to get vaccinated and boosted.” The new protocol also calls for people who test positive to isolate for five days — even if you are vaccinated or never have symptoms. Recommendations no longer include a negative test to end isolation or masking for an

additional five days after isolation. For people who are considered close contacts of someone who tested positive, quarantine is no longer recommended. However, those who are unvaccinated or not up to date on vaccines should get tested around five days after the contact. Any close contact should get tested if they develop symptoms, regardless of vaccination status. These changes do not apply to health care settings, including long-term care facilities, or other congregate settings that follow separate guidance. Health commissioner Dr. Mark Levine emphasized, however, that low levels of virus is not the same as no virus, and that we need to remain prepared in case the virus changes again. “If we have learned anything about COVID-19 over these past two years, it is that the virus is good at evolving,” Levine said. “With many surges and new variants, nearly all of us have been affected in some way, and too many have suffered serious illness and tragic losses.” More information at healthvermont.gov.

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The Citizen • March 17, 2022 • Page 5

OPINION Sunshine Week

Americans must wave transparency banner citizenry is the best check against government corruption. This is the idea behind state Justin Silverman public record and open meeting We live in contentious times. laws, as well as our federal FreeAccording to a 2020 study by the dom of Information Act. GovernNational Bureau of Economic ment transparency is a non-partisan Research, political polarization principle that transcends who’s in among Americans has grown rapid- office or which political party is ly during the last 40 years. in control. Freedom of informa“There’s evidence tion or sunshine laws that within the U.S., open up government and the two major political empower people through parties have become information. more homogeneous in The University of certain ways, includSouthern California ing ideologically and Annenberg School for socially,” said Jesse Communication and Shapiro, a co-author of Journalism published a the study and a professor report last fall analyzing of political economy at the polarization in our Justin Silverman Brown University. “So, country. The report idenwhen you identify with tified the most contena certain party and you’re looking tious issues which included gun across the aisle, the people you’re legislation, policing and vaccines. looking at are more different from As Americans, we may have starkyou than they were a few decades ly different opinions about these ago.” issues. But consider the common Given the degradation of politi- ground we can find when looking cal discourse in our country and the at them relative to government growing list of hot-button issues transparency. pitting us against friends and neighTo have an informed debate bors, it’s easy to see the divide. about gun legislation, for example, But as Sunshine Week begins this it may be helpful to know basic year, let’s remember that no matter data points like how many firearms where we stand on a particular are being manufactured in the topic, we all need accurate inforcountry or the number of gun-relatmation to shape our opinions and ed deaths each year. We may need best advocate for ourselves. to determine where it’s most diffiThe mission of Sunshine Week cult to obtain a firearms license or — March 13-19 this year with to read emails among government related events occurring throughofficials looking to curtail Second out the month — is to promote a Amendment rights. dialogue about the importance of Before we discuss whether open government and freedom of a police department should be information. The sunshine referdefunded, we should first deterence is attributed to U.S. Supreme mine how much funding that Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis agency receives. How is money who famously wrote that “sunlight spent within local, state and county is said to be the best of disinfeclaw enforcement agencies? For tants.” us to have a conversation about In other words, an informed police officers using force against

Guest Perspective

citizens, we need to know the policies within each department and under what circumstances lethal or non-lethal force can be used. While sunshine laws vary from state to state, all this information should be available to us through public record statutes and the federal Freedom of Information Act. Wherever we ultimately land on the issues, these laws exist to provide us a way to learn about government and better support our positions. But despite the mandated sunshine, shadows persist. Public record request deadlines are often ignored. Inadequate staffing and request backlogs result in delays. Documents are excessively redacted. Citizens are shut out of public meetings. The flow of information can be slowed to a glacial pace. This is a reality that should concern us all. Every American should be waving the banner for government transparency. The consequences of secrecy affect not just our ability to have good-faith debates about the issues that matter most, but they also limit our ability to oversee government and the work it does on our behalf. When it comes to transparency, we’re all stakeholders. So, here are a few things we all can do to honor Sunshine Week: • Contact your state representative to discuss strengthening your respective public records and open meeting laws. Be a part of the effort to make access to government easier and more equitable for all Americans. • Support your local newsroom. Journalists are often the most frequent filers of public records requests. They are typically at the frontlines of obtaining government information despite newsroom budget cuts and inadequate

resources. Subscribe to your news source of choice and be kind to those seeking out information on your behalf. • Make a public records request. Visit nefac.org/foiguide for video tutorials. Take advantage of your right to know by requesting information about issues that mean the most to you. Then take that information and engage in fact-based conversations with those in your community. “Thoughtful debate about serious issues is central to our democracy,” wrote the authors of the Annenberg study. “But solving real problems is impossible when

every issue is viewed through a distorted lens that is often informed by sources who create their own facts to further their own power.” Sunshine laws are integral to thoughtful debate. They can provide us the knowledge needed to form opinions about what’s best for this country and how well our government is leading the way. But those laws need to be protected and strengthened. That’s something we can all agree on. Justin Silverman is executive director of the New England First Amendment Coalition. More at nefac.org.

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Tree stumps in the woods, whether natural or human-caused, don’t necessarily mean deforestation has occurred.

Deforestation differs from forest management Into the Woods Ethan Tapper Over the last few centuries, Vermont’s forests have been on a transformative journey. Prior to European colonization, Vermont was about 90-95 percent forested. Following the massive clearing of the early-mid 1800s, Vermont rebounded from a low of about 20

percent forest around 1850 to 80 percent by the end of the 20th century. In the last several decades, however, the amount of forestland in our state has begun to backslide, decreasing to about 75 percent today. Deforestation, or forest loss, occurs when forests are converted to non-forest. While See INTO THE WOODS on page 7

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The Citizen • March 17, 2022 • Page 7

INTO THE WOODS continued from page 6

both local and global forest loss are driven by a variety of factors, here in Vermont development is one of the leading contributors. Estimates of annual deforestation in Vermont range from 2,000 acres to nearly 13,000 acres per year, depending on how we define the term. Despite uncertainty in the exact amount, it’s clear that we are losing forestland in Vermont. Forests are foundational to our lives: they make our world work and our lives beautiful. Among the many benefits that forests provide are food and shelter for wildlife, clean water and air, protection of biodiversity, renewable resources (wood), scenic beauty and opportunities for outdoor recreation. Rightfully, those who care about forests increasingly recognize the problem of deforestation and are looking for solutions. However, understanding deforestation is more complex than it may seem. When you see tree stumps in the woods, you might assume that deforestation has occurred, that the forest has in some way been lost. However, while deforestation involves the cutting of trees, tree mortality, whether natural or human-caused, is not the same as

deforestation. Within Vermont’s forests, tree mortality is an important part of forest growth and development that the plants, animals, trees, fungi and microorganisms that make up the forest community have adapted to over millennia. Forest development is a cycle, a continuous, dynamic process where the death of trees is a beginning as much as an ending. Every old forest was once a young forest and will be one again. Deforestation is the only real endpoint for forests, systems that include — even thrive on — death and disturbances. While the death of trees in a forest may lead to a rich and robust natural response, including the development of unique habitats and robust regeneration, deforestation undermines the natural cycles that perpetuate forests by denying them the opportunity to regenerate. In short, instead of letting forests be forests, deforestation turns them into something else. When deforestation occurs, we lose forests’ countless benefits for the foreseeable future; a forest converted to non-forest will no longer sequester and store carbon,

no longer provide habitat for wildlife, no longer clean our air and our water to the degree that forests do — and may not do so again in our lifetimes. While the goal of deforestation is to turn a forest into something else, often to meet human needs, the goal of responsible forest management is the perpetuation of healthy, vibrant, intact forests and the many values they provide. Done well, forest management can be regenerative, working with natural processes to help forests become more biologically diverse, complex and resilient to climate change and rich in habitat for an array of plants, animals and other native species. While cutting trees is different in some ways than natural mortality, it can be done in ways that build on forests’ natural resilience and are ultimately beneficial to the forest community. That said, forest management has tradeoffs: We can recognize that forest management can be very positive while also acknowledging that some critiques of forest management are valid, deserve our close attention and highlight opportunities for improvement.

As we endeavor to understand how best to build a healthy, functional, beautiful world, understanding how deforestation is fundamentally different from forest management is one of the many nuances we must explore. Developing a common definition for what deforestation is and how it differs from responsible forest management allows us to work toward common solutions and strategies that ensure healthy forests and the benefits they provide exist for this and future generations. Having frank conversations about what constitutes responsible

forest management is critical but limiting deforestation — both in Vermont and across the globe — is the single most important thing we can do to protect our forested ecosystems. We must find a way to keep forests as forests. Ethan Tapper is the Chittenden County forester for the Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation. See what he’s been up to, check out his YouTube channel, sign up for his eNews and read articles at linktr.ee/chittendencountyforester.

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Page 8 • March 17, 2022 • The Citizen

ARMOR

continued from page 1 “The bravery and resolve of the Ukrainian people is heroic and inspiring. This body armor drive is something we can do to help them protect themselves in their fight for freedom,” Scott said. “I appreciate the Vermont National Guard bringing this opportunity to our attention, and the efforts of the Vermont State Police, local law enforcement agencies and any members of the public who can contribute to this effort.” Morristown and Stowe police departments do not have any old body armor of the sort being sought. Stowe police chief Donald Hull said the vests being collected to send to Ukraine is a heavier type than his department uses. “If, in the future, they are looking for other type levels of body armor, we will help out if we can,” Hull said. In South Burlington, Chief Shawn Burke found six vests that the department was able to donate to the project.

“We are proud to be able to assist the Ukrainian people and are thankful that the Vermont National Guard and Vermont Sate Police brought this opportunity to our attention,” Burke said. Chittenden County Sheriff Kevin McLaughlin said his team is also checking to see if they have older vests that could be sent to Ukraine; if they have some, they’ll be donating them, he said. Both Shelburne and Hinesburg have only tier 2 body armor, which is typically only used for small police departments and everything they have is in use, so they have no armor to donate to the Ukranian effort. Marcoux said he is well-read on World War II and is worried about what he’s seeing in eastern Europe, seeing too many parallels between President Vladimir Putin and Adolph Hitler. He said both men started wars because they had not gotten over the loss of some of their homelands’ perceived loss of territo-

Public also asked to donate vests In addition to items from law enforcement agencies, members of the public also may donate body-armor vests, provided the vests have a rating of level III or more. Donations will be accepted from 8 a.m.-4 p.m. at the 10 Vermont State Police barracks statewide until March 23. For a list of all VSP barracks, vsp. vermont.gov/stations. ry — Hitler, as a member of the German army during World War I, saw Germany cede territory as part of the 1918 Treaty of Versailles; and Putin, as a former KGB agent, is said to have never gotten over the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. “I hope that, in some small way, this helps out,” he said.

Vermont State Police barracks around the state are accepting old body armor vests like the one pictured here, and will ship them to Ukraine for the war effort.

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The Citizen • March 17, 2022 • Page 9

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Community Notes Grange celebrates Charlotte with auction Celebrating Charlotte highlights the wealth of services, expertise and products in Charlotte, and will also raise funds for the Grange. The weeklong online will feature over 100 items donated by more than 80 Charlotte residents and Charlotte businesses — experiences, services, products, gifts certificates, entertainment, lessons and more. The online auction will be active April 2-9. Items range from local food and produce, voice lessons, tool sharpening, artwork, massages, landscaping and gardening, music concerts and rides to the airport. The event will be this year’s primary fundraiser for the Char-

lotte Grange. For the past 100 years, the Grange has thrived on personal interaction as a hub for community get togethers, but since events ceased two years ago amid the pandemic, the community has had to explore other ways to keep the small, historic hall going. Questions? Email charlottegrangevt@gmail.com

Land Trust reveals about farming as it impacts the town’s economy and way of life. The free lecture starts at 1 p.m., and this one is on Zoom, not in person. Questions? Leave a message at (802) 425-6345 or visit charlotteseniorcentervt.org. On March 30, the lecture series features “Driving to Alaska” with Jim Donovan.

Lecture series looks at Charlotte’s farm history

STEM showcase features The talk for March 23 in the workshops

Charlotte Senior Center Wednesday lecture series is “Farms in Charlotte,” 1-2 p.m. Presented on behalf of the Charlotte Land Trust and facilitated by the Charlotte Grange, learn what a new study by the Charlotte

Kids ages eight to 14 are invited for hands-on learning about environmental science, engineering, robotics and nutrition at the STEM Showcase 2.0, Saturday, March 19, University of Vermont campus, 10 a.m.-noon.

Workshops will focus on STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) topics. Registered participants may choose two of the four workshops offered: Environmental Engineering: The Race to Sustainability; Robot Go! Robotics and Coding with LEGOs and Code Blocks; Don’t Sit Still: Help Us Clean Up an Oil Spill; and Get the Scoop on Dairy-free Ice Cream: Make Your Own. Parents and caregivers are welcome to attend the brief opening welcome session, but activities are for youths only. Admission is free but registration is required by March 17 at go.uvm.edu/stem-showcase. Location and parking information will be provided upon registration. COVID safety protocols will be

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The Age Well meal pickup for Thursday, March 24 is from 11 a.m. to noon, Charlotte Senior Center, 212 Ferry Road, and features roast pork with sauce, mashed potatoes, peas and onions, wheat bread, oatmeal raisin cookie and milk. You must have pre-registered by Monday, March 21, with Lori York, 802-425-6371 or lyork@ charlotteseniorcentervt.org The meal on Thursday, March 31 — register by March 28 — is a turkey burger with vegetable gravy, mashed potatoes, Brussels sprouts, dinner roll, peach and Craisin crisp and milk. The meal on Thursday, April 7 — register by April 4 — is sweet and sour port with vegetables, brown rice with lentils and vegetables, green beans, dinner roll, congo bar and milk. Check the website for last-minute cancellations at charlotteseniorcentervt.org.

Have a gambling problem? Howard Center’s spring sommunity education series kicks off Monday, March 28, 6-7 p.m. with “Gambling and its Effects.” A panel discussion and question-and-answer period will be led by Dan Hall and Mallory Stunell of the Howard Center, Jacqueline Posley from the Vermont Department of Liquor and Lottery, and Cait Huble from the National Council on Problem Gambling. The talk is free and open to the public. For more information go to howardcenter.org or call 802-4886912.

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The 35th Vermont Scholastic High School and Middle School Chess Championships will be held on Saturday, April 16, Capital City Grange Hall, Vermont Route 12, See COMMUNITY NOTES on page 11

The business next door donates nearly twice as much as big-box stores and online retailers to local non-profits, events and teams.

The Citizen • March 17, 2022 • Page 11

COMMUNITY NOTES continued from page 10

Snowy owl

Berlin. All Vermont students are eligible to compete for state championships in two divisions: middle school (grades 6 through 8) and high school (grades 9 through 12). All abilities are welcome and encouraged to participate. Advance registration is required. Complete rules and registration information can be found at vtchess.info or by contacting Mike Stridsberg, tournament director, at mike@vtchess.info.

Housing groups win $325K in grants Three Vermont non-profit housing organizations — Champlain Housing Trust, Downstreet Housing & Community Development and Twin Pines Housing — have been awarded $325,000 in Housing for Everyone grants from the TD Charitable Foundation, the charitable giving arm of TD Bank. Downstreet and Twin Pines will collaborate to use their $175,000 grant to grow Twin Pines’ existing resident services program and pilot a resident services program at Downstreet. Funds will be used to support one new staff position at each organization, and Twin Pines will support Downstreet as it develops the program over the next 18 months. Champlain Housing Trust will use its award for similar activities, as the organization has tripled its resident services staffing during the pandemic. The trust has housed over 120 formerly homeless Vermonters in the last year in addition to providing support to hundreds of existing tenants.

Upcoming blood drives Friday, March 18, 12:30-6 p.m., United Church of Hinesburg, 10580 Route 116, Hinesburg. Thursday, April 14, 2-7 p.m., Charlotte Senior Center, 212 Ferry Road, Charlotte.

Kim Anderson captured a snowy owl on her camera recently. The occasional winter Vermont visitors live above the Arctic Circle, but sometimes head south in the winter in search of food.

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Page 12 • March 17, 2022 • The Citizen

OUTDOORS

Down comforters: Cozy cattails feed bugs, birds The Outside Story Rachel Sargent Mirus

ILLUSTRATION BY ADELAIDE MURPHY TYROL

On a winter day, I drove down to a nearby wetland bisected by a town road and walked carefully onto the ice. I was looking for cattail heads to dissect so I could meet the caterpillars who overwinter inside the seed fluff. Many of the cattails I found that day had blown over during the previous week’s windstorm, but there were enough still standing for me to collect two from each side of the road. Once home with my prizes, I began pulling the cattails into pieces, picking off clumps and teasing them apart into fleecy clouds with my fingers. The two heads from the bigger, more open side of the wetland were frayed and wet, with a patina of algae. But the seeds and fluff inside were still dry. I expected to find lots of caterpillars, like the cabbage worms that plague our Brussels sprouts during summer, but these first two cattails yielded only three pale, stripey larvae and seven dry husks, which could be dead caterpillars or shed skins.

The cattail heads from the smaller side of the wetland, which is nestled into a hill and sheltered by trees, were in better condition, their sausage-like shapes intact and free of algae. I pulled one apart and found several sluggish caterpillars. In total, my exploration yielded 20 caterpillars, ranging in length from about 3 millimeters to 10 millimeters — less than half an inch. And after all of that, I was left with a pile of downy fluff 8 inches high. My interest in cattail winter ecology was sparked by accounts of red-winged blackbirds and chickadees foraging larvae from cattail heads. Pulling apart a cattail head was a lot of work, all to find a handful of tiny caterpillars. The littlest larvae hardly seemed worth the effort. But for a hungry chickadee or a red-winged blackbird returning to breeding grounds while winter persists, the fattest caterpillars might make a tasty morsel, especially at a time of year when insect prey is difficult to find. I asked Sam Jaffe, executive director of The Caterpillar Lab, a caterpillar zoo based in Marlborough, N.H., if he knew of caterpil-

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lars living in cattails. “I have collected a number to explore with guests at our winter open-hours and observed the insects within. Small Hemiptera (order of ‘true bugs’) were common as were the shy cosmet moth (Limnaecia phragmitella) caterpillars.” It was Jaffe who recommended I collect and dissect some cattails myself. Shy cosmet moth caterpillars have brown heads and beige bodies with patchy brown stripes running along their length, a description which matches the appearance of my cattail larvae. They live inside the cattail heads all winter, feeding on the cattails’ prolific seeds — about 220,000 per head — and emerge as adults in the spring. Less than an inch in length, the adult is a demure yellow-tan moth with white-ringed brown spots. These caterpillars spin silk threads through the cattail head to prevent the fluff from blowing away before winter ends, allowing the caterpillars to use its insulation to stay warm all season long. Bursts of un-blown fluff on a head may indicate that the caterpillars are active inside. I didn’t see any silk threads in the fluff I pulled apart, but several of the larvae dropped and dangled — inchworm style — from invisible threads while I was handling them. After dissecting a few cattail heads, I’m not surprised these caterpillars have turned them into cozy winter nests. The fluff is as soft and light as down and I had a hard time preventing it from billowing all over my kitchen, especially after my 3-year-old decided to “help” me clean up. Even though the heads were cold and wet on the outside, all the inner fluff was dry, perfect for staying warm through cold, blustery days. I’ve often seen cattail heads described as resembling sausages on sticks. Now that I’ve found the caterpillars tucked inside, however, cattails seem to me more like down comforters wrapped up against winter’s cold. Rachel Sargent Mirus lives in Duxbury. Illustration by Adelaide Murphy Tyrol. The Outside Story is assigned and edited by Northern Woodlands magazine and sponsored by the Wellborn Ecology Fund of the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation, nhcf.org.

The Citizen • March 17, 2022 • Page 13

News from Carpenter-Carse Library Carpenter-Carse Library, Hinesburg To register, reserve books or for more information, contact Meg Malone at meg@carpentercarse.org. Masks required indoors.

Hands and needles Mondays in March, 10 a.m.-noon Bring whatever project you are working on — quilting, knitting, embroidery, etc. No registration required.

News from Charlotte Library All programs will take place via Zoom unless noted until further notice. Links can be found on the library website. 115 Ferry Road, Charlotte. 802-425-3864. Register at charlottepubliclibrary.org or info@ charlottepubliclibrary.org.

Re-use workshop Saturday, March 19, 10:3011:30 a.m. Do you have a favorite T-shirt stuffed in your dresser that you never wear but you just can’t part with? Give it a new life by turning it into a T-shirt bag.

Mystery book group

Saturday Storytime Saturday, March 19, 11 a.m.-noon Head outside for a fun animal track craft and outdoor snack time. For parents and kids of all ages.

Zoom trivia Thursday, March 24, 7-8 p.m. Enjoy three rounds of trivia on an array of topics and take advantage of a chance to impress your

‘The Woman Who Smashed Codes’ Tuesday, March 29, 7-8 p.m. Jason Fagone’s “The Woman Who Smashed Codes: A True Story of Love, Spies, and the Unlikely Heroine Who Outwitted America’s Enemies,” a biography of Elizabeth Smith Friedman. Contact library for Zoom link.

Project Description To remove potential hazard ash trees from the roadside on Thompson’s Point Road, Flat Rock Road, Bypass Lane on Thompson’s Point, Charlotte. Deadline for Bid Submission All bids must be submitted to the Charlotte Town Office by Monday April 11, 2022 at 4:00 PM.

Wednesday, March 23, 7:30-9 p.m. Book discussion of “Leaving Mother Lake: A Girlhood at the Edge of the World,” a widely acclaimed memoir that will transport you to the remote reaches of the Himalayas, to a place the Chinese call “the country of daughters,” to the home of the Moso, a society in which women rule. Register for the discussion in advance.

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Tuesday, March 22, 7-8 p.m. Sustainable Charlotte and the library host a discussion of Paul Hawken’s “Regeneration: Ending the Climate Crisis in One Generation.”

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The Citizen • March 17, 2022 • Page 15

CROSSWORD

ARIES

LEO

March 21 - April 20 This week you will have an opportunity to see things how they are and not necessarily as you imagine them to be, Aries. This clarity could require some restructuring.

TAURUS

July 23 - Aug. 23 Leo, you need to be flexible, especially over the next few days. People may put you to the test with a perceived unwillingness to compromise, but cooperate when possible.

VIRGO

April 21 - May 21 Long-term goals are nearing completion, Taurus. You have gained so much from your pursuits and you have made plenty of friends along the way. Take time to appreciate that.

GEMINI May 22 - June 21 Communication difficulties arise this week, Gemini. Someone can coach you into getting your point across with sufficient finesse. Seek a communication mentor.

CANCER June 22 - July 22 Cancer, there may be some passionate discussions coming up this week with family members. Everyone wants his or her point of view to be heard.

Aug. 24 - Sept. 22 Virgo, in order to reach a destination you have in mind, you may have to rethink the route you’re taking. A direct course just may not be the way to go in this instance.

LIBRA Sept. 23 - Oct. 23 Always be honest with yourself and others, Libra. That means being true to you and never putting on masks just to hide others from how you are truly feeling.

SCORPIO Oct. 24 - Nov. 22 Scorpio, you want to do things for others out of the goodness of your heart, and you will not need anything in return. Good deeds are their own reward.

SUDOKU Here’s How It Works: Sudoku puzzles are formatted as a 9x9 grid, broken down into nine 3x3 boxes. To solve a sudoku, the numbers 1 through 9 must fill each row, column and box. Each number can appear only once in each row, column and box. You can figure out the order in which the numbers will appear by using the numeric clues already provided in the boxes. The more numbers you name, the easier it gets to solve the puzzle!

SAGITTARIUS Nov. 23 - Dec. 21 Sagittarius, dining out too many days in a row may leave you feeling sluggish. Reassess your eating habits and commit to making more meals at home for a bit.

CAPRICORN Dec. 22 - Jan. 20 Capricorn, recognize that not everyone has your best interests at heart. Others’ intentions may not be sinister, but your own interest and the interest of others may not align.

AQUARIUS Jan. 21 - Feb. 18 Sometimes you are a bit proud and do not like asking for or accepting others’ help, Aquarius. You deserve the breaks that others are willing to offer you, though.

PISCES Feb. 19 - March 20 This is a good time of the month to nurture loved ones, Pisces. Play with your kids or sit and chat with an elderly relative who needs you.

CLUES ACROSS 1. Type of footwear 5. Studies a lot all at once 10. Adventure story 14. Hundred thousand 15. Former U.S. Vice President 16. Ruler 17. Indian city 18. Similar 19. Ship as cargo 20. Volcanic craters 22. Boxing’s “GOAT” 23. Bullfighting maneuvers 24. London soccer team 27. Score perfectly 30. No (Scottish) 31. SoCal hoops team (abbr.) 32. Woman (French) 35. Unwanted attic “decor” 37. Peter Griffin’s daughter 38. Broad, shallow crater 39. Large instruments 40. Low bank or reef 41. __ and Venzetti 42. Oil group 43. Father 44. Aggressive men 45. Pairs well with green 46. Travelers need it 47. Digital audiotape 48. Midway between

northeast and east 49. Chemistry descriptor 52. S. China seaport 55. Sound unit 56. Heavy cavalry sword 60. Thick piece of something 61. Spa town in Austria 63. Boyfriend 64. Norse personification of old age 65. Type of box 66. Tie together 67. Fiber from the coconut 68. Chicago mayor 69. Old English letters CLUES DOWN 1. Type of sauce 2. Pattern of notes 3. Plant with long seedpods 4. Map out 5. Numbers cruncher 6. Make a mental connection 7. Italian tenor 8. N. America’s highest mountain peak 9. Witness 10. Arabic given name 11. Music awards 12. “ The Immoralist” author 13. Area units

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21. Units of loudness 23. Political action committee 25. Bar bill 26. Witch 27. A theatrical performer 28. 2-door car 29. __ and flowed 32. Papier-__, art medium 33. City in Georgia 34. Irregular 36. College sports conference 37. Angry 38. Partner to cheese 40. S. American mammal 41. Self-immolation by fire rituals 43. Split pulses 44. Disfigure 46. Cow noise 47. Erase 49. Chadic language 50. Reward for doing well 51. Paid TV 52. Millisecond 53. Other 54. Colombian city 57. Necklace part 58. Every one of two or more people 59. Regrets 61. They come after “A” 62. Horse noise

Page 16 • March 17, 2022 • The Citizen

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