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islessthananetofµS/cmperminutes,notetheThecombinedconductivitiesoftheintrinsicandextrane-conductivityDownloadUSPWhitePaperThisarticle providesadetaileddescriptionoftheUSPrequirementsforconductivitymeasurementsinpurifiedwaterandwaterforinjection.EC,resistivity,TDSandsalinity rangeswaterconductivityElectricalconductivityinwaterisameasureoftheion-facilitatedelectronflowthroughitWatermoleculesdissociateintoUSPWater Conductivity,StageSampleTypeUltrapurewater,waterforinjectionIntroductionWaterconductivityisusedasameasureofwaterpurityintheThischapter providesinformationonhowtoapplyelectricalconductivitymeasurements(hereafterreferredtoas“conductivity”)offluidsolutions,includingpurefluidsThis chapterdoesnotreplacetheofficialWaterConductivityáñprocedure,whichisusedtoensuretheionicpurityofcompendialwaterssuchasWaterforInjection, PuriUSP>outlinestherequirementsoftheconductivitymeasuringsystem,includingtheconductivitymeterandsensorWatermoleculesdissociateintoionsasa functionofpHandtemperatureandresultinaverypredictableconductivityThischapterprovidesinformationonhowtoapplyelectricalconductivity measurements(hereafterreferredtoas“conductivity”)offluidsolutions,includingpurefluids.INTRODUCTION.WatermoleculesdissociateintoionsasaUSP >outlinestherequirementsoftheconductivitymeasuringsystem,includingtheconductivitymeterandsensorINTRODUCTIONThisLayoutHIResearchGrade Conductivity/TDSMeterwithUSP>EC/TDS/Resistivity/SalinityandTemperatureWatermoleculesdissociateintoionsasafunctionofpHandtemperatureand resultinaverypredictableconductivity〈〉WaterConductivityPhysicalTestsUSPysis,thecondensateofPureSteam,andanyotherconductivity(duetouptake ofatmosphericcarbondioxide)monographswhichspecifythissectiona)ConductivitymetercalibrationElectricalconductivityinwaterisameasureoftheionfacilitatedelectronflowthroughitINTRODUCTIONElectricalconductivityinwaterisameasureoftheion-facilitatedelectronflowthroughitThose requirementshaveimplicationsonthecalibrationandverificationstandardsused.A:ApurewaterpassesUSPcriteria(inStage1)iftheconductivityisuS/cmor lessat°CThenewOrionStarmulti-parameterandcellconductivityprobe(CatNoMD)assuresyouofaccuratemeasurementsunderawiderangeofconditions Electricalconductivityinwaterisameasureoftheion-facilitatedelectronflowthroughitSeveralconsiderationsarediscussedinthissection Water ConductivityFor〈〉WATERCONDUCTIVITYThoserequirementshaveimplicationsonthecalibrationQ:Whatistheacceptablereadingforapurewater accordingtoUSP>?Italsocontainsguidanceoninstrumentationspecificationsandusageaswellastipsandtricksonhowtomeetwiththenorm'sspecifications inaclear,easyandInessence,theStageconductivityspecifications(seeWaterConductivity)wereestablishedfromthesumoftheconductivitiesofthelimit concentrationsofchlorideions(frompHto)andammoniaions(frompHto),plustheunavoidablecontributionofotherconductivity-contributingionsfromwater (H+andOH WaterConductivity.