guideinformation2000Greta VERVLIET Ministry of Flanders Science and Innovation Administration SCIENCE TECH NOLOGY and INNOVATION SCIENCE TECH NOLOGY and INNOVATION
COLOFON Colofon serveCoverphotograph:MarshVegetationwithReedsandMarsh-marigolds:theLeiemeersenreD/2000/3241/131FlandersFlemishInteruniversityRoyalInstituteInstitutePhotographsEditing/finalE-mail:Fax:Tel:1000BoudewijnlaanScienceScience,MinistryDr.ForcisionmentofFlandersforEconomics,TownandCountryPlanningandMedia,onthebasisofadeofFlandersforEducationandTraining,andMr.DirkVanMechelen,MinisteroftheGovernpublishedonthejointinitiativeofMrs.MarleenVanderpoorten,MinisteroftheGovernmentTheScience,TechnologyandInnovationInformationGuidefor2000isanannualpublication,oftheGovernmentofFlandersof26November1999.informationabouttheInformationGuide,ortorequestacopy,pleasecontact:GretaVervlietofFlandersInnovationandMediaDepartmentandInnovationAdministration30Brussels(02)5535795(02)5536007greta.vervliet@wim.vlaanderen.beediting:GretaVervlietPh.D.weremadeavailableby:ofNatureConservation(IN)forForestryandGameManagement(IBW)MuseumofFineArts–Antwerp(KMSKA)Micro-ElectronicsCentre(IMEC)InstituteforTechnologicalResearch(VITO)InteruniversityInstituteforBiotechnology(VIB)atOostkamp.(SlideIN) Colofon–2
However,cerned,includingtheFlemishParliament,universities,businesses,librariesandmunicipalities.TheInformationGuideiswidelydistributedeveryyeartoalltheagenciesandinstitutionsconvironmentalenvironmentalpolicythisyear.Thequestionwas:howmuchmoneywasmadeavailableforenotherreasontochoosethesubjectofenvironmentalresearchfortheanalysisofexpenditureofSustainabledevelopmentisoneoftheprioritiesoftheGovernmentofFlanders.Thiswasanpects.tanceofresearchrelatedtopolicyandofscientificinformation,tonamejustafewimportantaspushbacktheboundaries,supportingtechnologicalinnovationinFlemishindustry,theimporofourFlemishsciencepolicy,suchasstrengtheningfundamentalresearchinouruniversitiestomentsandinnovation.The2000InformationGuideprovidesinformationaboutthemainlinesagainemphasisestheimportanceofextendingfundamentalknowledge,technologicaldevelop-seenbymanypeopleasamilestoneinaneraofunparalleledtechnicalinnovation-thisonceamountofinformationabouttheFlemishsciencepolicyfortheyear2000.Inthisspecialyear-wellasthefiveFlemishscientificinstitutions,alsocontributedtothisguidewithanimpressivetionsinvolved,FlemishPublicInstitutions,theresearchinstitutes,IMEC,VITOandVIB,ascompetenceandthescientificactivitieswithwhichtheysupporttheirpolicy.Theadministra-AllthemembersoftheGovernmentofFlanderscontributetothis,dependingontheirareaofoverallFlandersforscience,technologyandinnovation.ThismeansthatitispossibletomonitortheGuideprovidesacompletesummaryofthefundsreleasedeveryyearbytheGovernmentofanalysisoftheexpenditureonsciencepolicy,andtheInformationGuide.TheInformationtion,tocontinuetodrawuptheannualHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy,anWhenthenewGovernmentofFlanderscameintopower,itdecided,inresponsetooursuggesFlemishsciencebudgetandsciencepolicyatalltimes.Theactualuseoftheavailablecreditsisexplainedindetail.researchinthepast(theperiod1994-1999),andaboveall,whatfor?itisalsosenttoanyinterestedcitizensuponrequest.
Foreword–3
FOREWORD Foreword
scienceoftheInformationGuideispublishedforthedisseminationandpublicationoftheFlemishbeavailableonthewebsiteoftheMinistryofFlanders.Inaddition,anEnglishlanguageversiontificactivities,forthebenefitofthewholeofFlemishsociety.TheInformationGuidewillalsoInthisway,anyonecanfindouthowcouncilfundsareusedtofinanceresearchandotherscienpolicyataninternationallevel. MinisterMarleenVanderpoortenoftheGovernment of Flanders MinisterDirkVanMechelenforEducationandTrainingoftheGovernment of forEconomics,TownandCountryPlanningandMediaFlanders Foreword–4
CONTENTS Contents Foreword 3 Introduction 7 Part IThe Flemish Science, Technology and Innovation Policy11 Chapter I.1Definitions13 Chapter I.2DivisionofcompetencesattheFlemish,federalandinternationallevel17 Chapter I.3TheFlemishScience,TechnologyandInnovationpolicy-divisionofcompetenceswithintheGovernmentofFlanders21 Chapter I.4The administrative structures of the Flemish Science Policy25 Part IIHorizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy29 Chapter II.1Definitions - aim31 Chapter II.2DrawinguptheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy32 Part IIIHorizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy 200033 Chapter III.1General science policy39 Chapter III.2Science policy: academic research53 Chapter III.3Technology and Innovation Policy57 Chapter III.4The Sectoral Science Policy81 Chapter III.5Theredistributionofthecreditsforsciencepolicyinrelationtothenewemphasesinpolicy137 Chapter III.6AnalysisoftheHorizontalBudgetProgrammesforSciencePolicy1993-2000139 Contents–5
Part IVThematicanalysisofexpenditureintoenvironmentalresearch155 Chapter IV.1Summary 1994 – 1999: credits and most important policy lines157 Chapter IV.2Research in support of/relevant to policy161 IV.2.a.Applied Scientific Research into the Environment (TWOL)161 IV.2.b.Programme for Policy-oriented Research (PBO)170 Chapter IV.3Scientific institutes173 IV.3.a.Institute of Nature Conservation (IN)173 IV.3.b.Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW)181 Chapter IV.4Research IV.4.b.FlemishIV.4.a.InteruniversityInstitutes199Micro-ElectronicsCentre(IMEC)199InstituteforTechnologicalResearch(VITO)203 Chapter IV.5Funding institutions219 IV.5.a.Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) IV.5.b.InstituteforthePromotionofInnovationbyScienceandTechnol-Flanders219ogyinFlanders(IWT-Flanders)220 Appendices 227 Appendix 1List of abbreviations229 Appendix 2Flemish Science Policy: addresses, e-mail addresses and websites233 Contents–6
INTRODUCTION Introduction
ishcasetoasignificantextentinthepreviousperiod,asisapparentfromthesummaryoftheFlemhumans,animalsandplants.Scientificresearchplaysanimportantroleinthis.ThiswasalsotheEvenmoreimportantistheneedforpreventivemeasurestoensureahealthyenvironmentforsupportforthisconviction.Thereisanurgentneedforapolicytocleanuptheenvironment.ingconvictioninrecentyearsthatwecannotgooninthisway,andthereisincreasingsocialTheenvironmentwas-andisstill-notinaverygoodway.Fortunately,therehasbeenagrowbudgetpolicy.Thisyear,thisisananalysisofenvironmentalresearchthatwasfundedbytheFlemishPartIVcontainsthetraditionalanalysesofexpenditureforthespecificfieldsofFlemishsciencefundsplanatorytexts.PartIIIalsocarriesoutanalysestoclarifyandexplainthedistributionofthepartcontainstheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy2000,withcreditsandex2000forscience,technologyandinnovation,andwhatwilltheybeusedfor?ThereforethisSubsequently,PartIIIgoestotheheartofthematter:howmanyfundsareavailableintheyearPolicy.ence,technologyandinnovationpolicyandoftheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePartIandPartIIareintroductorytextswhichprovideageneralexplanationoftheFlemishsciandThestructureoftheInformationGuideisthesameeveryyear,inordertomaintaincontinuitypenditureappeartobeimportantpolicyinstrumentsformonitoringtheFlemishsciencepolicy.Assuch,boththeHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicyandtheanalysisoftheex-level,comparison.Infact,thisinformationispassedoneveryyeartothefederalandinternationalnorms(FRASCATIManualandNABScodes),sothatitispossibletomakeaninternationalTheHBPWBisdrawnupinaccordancewiththeinternationallyaccepteddefinitionsandanalysispolicylinescompleted.Everyyear,particularissuesaretackledwithregardtothesubjectoftheplannedpolicyhasbeenimplemented-bothintermsofthecreditsused,andintermsoftheoftheexpendituresystematicallyinvestigatewhetherandhowthefinalexecutionoftheyear,aswellasadetailedsummaryofthepolicylinescarriedoutbyit.Inaddition,theanalysesforSciencePolicy(HBPWB),whichprovidesasummaryoftheavailablepolicycreditsforthatryyearontheFlemishsciencepolicy.TheGuidecontainstheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeTheScience,TechnologyandInnovationInformationGuidegivesup-to-dateinformationeve-ofexpenditure.Thisyear,thefocusisonenvironmentalresearchinFlanders.sothatFlandersmeetsitsinternationalobligationsinthisrespect.familiarity.Whatexactlyisthis?Whatisitfor?Howwasitsetup?overthevarioussectorsandpartiesinvolvedintheFlemishsciencepolicy.duringtheperiod1994-1999.environmentalresearchinPartIVofthisInformationGuide.
Introduction–7
contributedpenditureforPartIVoftheInformationGuide.Iwouldthereforeliketothankeveryonewhoanddetailedtextsforawholeseriesofbasicallocations.Othersalsoprovidedtheanalysesofex-andfigures,andanexplanationforaparticularbasicallocation,whileothersprovidedfiguresisshownintheenclosedlistofcollaborators.SomewereinvolvedwithprovidinginformationManypeoplecooperatedwithdrawingupHBPWB2000andtheInformationGuide2000,astration.thecreditsanddeterminingthecontentoftheFlemishbudgetarethekeytasksoftheadminismationGuidefor2000.Itwasdecidedtocontinueitsannualpublication.Afterall,monitoringcontextoftheHBPWB,theanalysisofexpenditureonenvironmentalresearch,andtheInforFlandersof26November1999.ThisprovidedthenecessarysupportfortheactivitiesintheTheInformationGuidefor2000wasdrawnuponthebasisofadecisionoftheGovernmentofdevelopments.VITO),haveaninterestintheenvironmentalaspectsofindustrialresearchandtechnologicalIWTandtheEWBLdepartment,aswellastechnologicalresearchinstitutes,suchasIMECandhand.Inaddition,itisapparentthatsourcesoffundingwithanindustrialimpact(suchasthebetweentheenvironmentontheonehand,andhealth,theeconomyorenergy,ontheothermentalresearchduringtheperiod1994-1999alsoshowsthatmanyprojectsmadealinksearchintohealthandtheenvironment.However,theanalysisoftheexpenditureonenvironcertainlybeingdevotedtotheseissues.Forexample,specificcreditsweremadeavailableforrepointsforattention.Thebudgetforthesciencepolicyfortheyear2000showsthatattentionisandtransportsystems,orthepreventionofwaste,andrecycling,arejustsomeofthenecessaryeconomy,agriculture,energy,health.Environmentally-friendlyproductionprocesses,energyThereisalsoanurgentneedtocoordinatetheenvironmentalpolicywithotherpolicyareas:thetothepublicationofthisdocument. ScienceandInnovationAdministrationDeputyFirstMandatoryGretaVervliet Introduction–8
Leadership,COLLABORATORScoordinationandfinal responsibility: Greta Vervliet Administrative collaborators: Hilde Roden, Henri Gheysens Contact persons in the cabinets of the Flemish Minister of: • Finance, Budget, Foreign Policy and European Affairs: Roger Decourt • Economics, Town and Country Planning and Media: Michele Oleo • Education and Training: Marc Luwel • Environment and Agriculture: Aviel Verbruggen • Employment and Tourism: Mieke Van Gramberen • Welfare, Health and Equal Opportunities: Veerle Conings • Culture, Youth, Urban Policy, Housing and Brussels Affairs: Antoon Boon • Mobility, Public Works and Energy: Claire Van De Velde • TheContributionsCollaboratorsDavidDomesticAffairs,CivilServiceandSport:CarlaBrion,JorisGiebens,GeertruiSchiltz,VitsfromtheMinistryofFlandersandFlemishPublicInstitutions:toPartIII.4,sectoralsciencepolicy,were,providedby:•COO:JosVanCleynenbreugel•EqualOpportunitiesunit:MarthaFranken•AZF:JoséeLemaître,PeterAnaf•WVC:KatrienMortelmans,KatieHeyse,LieveDeRidder,LucVanNeyghem,PatrickGhelen,JanVanPraet(TourismFlanders)•EWBL:JohanTroch,FrancisVanLindt,JanVereecke,GilbertHulpiau,JorisNuyts•LIN:JeroenCockx,PhilippeVanHaver,LouisDeBisschop,KarinePeelman,SofieHouvenaghel,ErikLaforce(HydraulicEngineeringLaboratory),WilfriedGoossens,AndySteels,BertdeBondt•WIM,Mediaadministration:TonyVerstraete•Emancipationofficer:SanEyckmans,FatimaTigra•FWO:BennoHinnekint•IWT:DonaatCosaert,PaulZeeuwts•IMEC:MarcVanRossum•VIB:JoBury•VITO:AdriaanJoosten•CBGS:ThérèseJacobs•IN:LudoPolleunis,EckhartKuijken•IBW:JosVanSlycken•KMSKA:BenVanBeneden•AQUAFIN:ChrisThoeye•OVAM:Jean-PaulVerdoodt,LucVanacker•VLM:DirkVanGijseghem•VMM:EddyMuylleanalysisofexpenditureonenvironmentalresearchforPartIVwereprovidedby:•IMEC:MarkVanRossum•VITO:AdriaanJoosten•IN:LudoPolleunis,EckhartKuijken•IBW:JosVanSlycken•FWO-Vlaanderen:cooperationfromBennoHinnekint•IWT:DonaatCosaert,PaulZeeuwts•AQUAFIN:ChrisThoeye•OVAM:LucVanacker•VLM:DirkVanGijseghem•VMM:EddyMuylle•AMINALintroductorytext:JeroenCockxadviceontheanalysisofenvironmentalthemes:PhilippeVanHaver Introduction–9
View of the mobile filtration loop
PART1 THE FLEMISH SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION POLICY 11 THEFLEMISHSCIENCE,TECHNOLOGYANDINNOVATIONPOLICY
for water applications. (Photo VITO)
Chapter I.1 Definitions chapterI.1 SCIENCE POLICY - TECHNOLOGY POLICY - INNOVATION
Thevelopingposes,tomaintain,broadenandexpandtheseasanecessaryconditionformaintaininganddehighqualityscientificresearch,andusetheresultsfortechnological,socialandculturalpur“ThescienceandtechnologypolicymustcreatetheconditionstomakeitpossibletocarryoutThe1999.thescienceandtechnologypolicyinthecontextofthestrategicplanningintheperiod1996-Meanwhile,theFlemishCommunityhasdefineditsmissionstatementandpermanenttasksfordefinitionnologicalknowledge,theresearchersandotherpersonsinvolvedinresearchactivities”.Thistion,publicscientificservices,theorganisationandstimulationoftheuseofscientificandtech“Thepolicyrelatedtoresearch/development,scienceandtechnology,technologicalinnovacontainCooperationagreementsbetweenthefederalgovernment,theCommunitiesandtheRegionsdustryphasisnowisalsooninnovation,whichreferstoalltheactivitiesthatpromoteinnovationinin-thissortofpolicy,whichwasdirectlyrelatedtotechnologicaldevelopment.However,theem-term:sciencepolicy.Subsequently,therewasfoundtobeaneedforaseparatedescriptionofOriginally,thetechnologypolicywasconceivedasaspecificsectorthatwascoveredbythehasastheinterestandparticipationofgovernmentsinaninternationalcontext,thearsenaloftermsportanceandcomplexityofknowledgeandtechnologicaldevelopmentshaveincreased,aswellall,therehasbeenastrikingdevelopmentoftheoriginalterm“Sciencepolicy”.Asthesocialim-thedefinitionsandtermsasdrawnupandusedtodayattheFlemishandfederallevel.Firstofnovationpolicy.Thisisdoneonthebasisofinternationallyadopteddefinitions,butalsousingThischapterisaimedatprovidinganinsightintothecontentofthescience,technologyandinPOLICYalsoevolvedtokeepupwiththechangingcircumstances.andsociety.thefollowingdefinition:certainlyemphasisesthecomplexandmultidimensionalaspect.priorityinthismissionis:thewelfareandwell-beingofthewholecommunity”.permanenttaskswhichareindicatedare:•tocreatetheconditionstomaintain,broadenandextendthebasisofscientificknowledgeandtechnologicalexpertiseinordertomeetthechallengesrelatedtothetransitiontoaknowledge-basedsocietyinatargetedandeffectiveway;•toberesponsibleforthedevelopmentandutilisationofasufficientlyscientificsupportofthepolicy,tocreateandexecutepolicydecisionsandevaluatetheireffects;
chapterI.1–13
• toencourageotherpolicylevelsandbodiesinsocietytodefinetheirownscientificandtechnologicalpolicies,andadoptapositionvis-à-visgovernmentpolicyandeachother’spolicy,inordertoachievethebestpossibleeffects; • Thetermisconceivedinabroadsense:notonlyscientificresearchisimportant(andanabsoneedsasrelevanttothecreationofwelfare.Innovationmeansworkingoutnewsolutionstomeetthedevelopment,productionprocessesandmarketingstrategies,arealsoconsideredtobeatleastsociallevel.Butlowleveltechnologicalinnovation,themoregradualinnovationsinproduct“(strategic)renewal”,andthesuccessfulexploitationofthesenewfindingsattheeconomicand“GreenPaperonInnovation”(1996)describesthistermasasynonymfortheproductionofMeanwhile,thesedefinitionshavebeenfurthersupplementedwiththeterm“innovation”.Thecontributiontoensurethattheresultsoftheresearchareproperlyusedsothattheyprovideaconcretetotheeconomic,cultural,socialandintellectualdevelopmentofFlanders.ofpeopleandsocietyasawhole.luteprerequisite),butalsotheentireinnovationsystem-includingthesocial,economicandlegalaspectsrelatedtoit.Inthisrespect,educationandtrainingalsoplayanessentialrole,inthefinancialcontext(theavailabilityofrisk-bearingcapitalisessential),fortheefficientregulationofintellectualpropertyrights,etc.Theinnovationofcommercialandmanagementcapacities,aswellassocialinnovation,arealsoconsideredtobeimportantfactorsinthecreationofemploymentandtomeettheobvioussocialneeds.Thereisanimportantroleforthegovernment–interalia,withregardtopromotingthemaximumvalidationofresearchresults.Forexample,thisisdonebysupportingthetransferoftech-nologyfromuniversitiesandresearchinstitutestoindustry.Thegovernmentmustalsomakesurethatthereisagoodinfrastructure,bothwithregardtotransportandnavigationsystems,andwithregardtothe“informationhighways”.Furthermore,theexceptionalimportanceofgood,clearlegislationandthecreationofanofficialclimateforinnovationingeneral,shouldalsobeemphasised.TheGovernmentofFlanderssupportsthispointofview,andhasthereforetakenthenecessarymeasurestoimplementthesestepsincompleteways,asdescribedinChapterI.3andexplainedindetailinPartIIIofthisInformationGuide.Inthe“Decreerelatingtoimplementingapolicytostimulatetechnologicalinnovation”(InnovationDecree,BelgianOff.Gaz.,dated16.07.1999),thefollowingdefinitionsareadoptedfortheapplicationofthedecree:1ºthedevelopmentofscientific-technologicalknowledge:tocarryoutresearchandfeasibilitystudiestoacquirenewscientific-technologicalknowledge;2ºthedisseminationofscientific-technologicalknowledge:tomakescientific-technologicalknowledgeavailableforpotentialoractualusers;3ºtheapplicationofscientific-technologicalknowledge:tousescientific-technologicalknowledgetoimproveexistingproductsandservicesordevelopnewproductsandservices,ortorenewtheproductionprocess,organisationalmethodsandcommercialisation;4ºthesupportofscientific-technologicalknowledge:tosupportanyactivitieswhichmeanthatscientific-technologicalknowledgecanbedeveloped,disseminatedandusedmorewidelyandmoreeffectivelyandwhichdonotfallunder1º,2ºand3º.INTERNATIONALDEFINITIONS:SCIENTIFICACTIVITIES-R&D-STET-STSTheterm“scientificactivities”,asdefinedintheFRASCATIManual,comprises:•ResearchandDevelopment(R&D):“...creativeworkundertakenonasystematicbasisinordertoincreasethestockofknowledge,includingknowledgeofman,cultureandsociety,andtheuseofthisstockofknowledgetodevisenewapplications”.Inotherwords,itincludesanyscientificactivitywhichisaimedatdevelopingscientificknowledge(basicresearch),makingitapplicable(appliedresearch)andapplyingit(development).•EducationandTraining(STET)“...allactivitiescomprisingspecialisednon-universityhighereducationandtraining,highereducationandtrainingleadingtoauniversitydegree,postgraduateandfurthertraining,andorganisedlifelongtrainingforscientistsandengi chapterI.1–14
tionneers.”Thereforeitconcernsthefundingofscientificeducation,forexample,theproporoftheoperationalpaymentstouniversitiesthatareusedforuniversityeducation. • caneas,theNABScodesareactuallyalreadydueforanotherrevision.Asummaryofthecodesusedin1969andwasrevisedin1975and1992.Becauseoftherapidevolutionofsomeresearchar-andcomparisonofscientificprogrammesandbudgets”.ThisnomenclaturewasfirstdrawnupthereforeonlyappliedtotheR&Dcredits.NABSstandsfor“NomenclaturefortheanalysisTheNABScodesindicatetheareaofapplicationoftheresearchthatiscarriedout,andareNABSWithintionrelatedtopolicyandtheactivitiesofadministrativeunitswithregardtotheanalysis,evaluaageneralinterest(includingthecollectionofdataonsocial-economicphenomena).Studiesnologicalinformation(e.g.,bylibrariesorinformationcentres),andthecollectionofdataofingroutinemeasurements(e.g.,routinemedicalanalyses),theprovisionofscientific-techofscientificandtechnicalknowledge”.Thisconcernsanyformofservices,suchasperformperimentaldevelopmentandcontributingtothegeneration,disseminationandapplicationScientificandTechnologicalServices(STS):“...activitiesconcernedwithresearchandexandmonitoringofexternalphenomenaareincludedinthis.R&Dthereisafurtherclassificationaccordingtothetypeofresearch:•basicresearch:“experimentalortheoreticalworkundertakenprimarilytoacquirenewknowledgeoftheunderlyingfoundationofphenomenaandobservablefacts,withoutanyparticularapplicationoruseinview”;•appliedresearch:“originalinvestigationundertakeninordertoacquirenewknowledge.Itis,however,directedprimarilytowardsaspecificpracticalaimorobjective”;•experimentaldevelopment:“systematicwork,drawingonexistingknowledgegainedfromresearchand/orpracticalexperience,thatisdirectedtoproducingnewmaterials,productsordevices,toinstallingnewprocesses,systemsandservices,ortoimprovingsubstantiallythosealreadyproducedorinstalled”.CODESbefoundbelowinthisInformationGuide,inPartIII. chapterI.1–15
Chapter I.2 Division of competences at the Flemish, federal and international level chapterI.2 forprogrammeforsciencepolicy2000amountto0.65billioneuro.TheshareofthefederalOfficeandtherelatedbudgets.Theinitialpolicycreditsforthetotalfederalinterdepartmentalbudgetinparticularareaswhichfallunderitscompetence,aswellasexplicitlyformulatedcompetencesThesecondpolicylevelconcernsthefederalgovernment.Thisstillcontrolsscientificresearch(CLO-Gent),search,aswellasthefederalresearchinstitutes,suchastheCentreofAgriculturalResearchyetanotherstepinthestatereform.Amongstotherthings,thismeansthatagriculturalreVeryrecently(5April2000),agricultureandforeigntradewerealsofurtherdefederalisedbytoProgrammeforSciencePolicy2000,anddescribedindetailinthefollowingchapters,amountTheoverallpolicycreditsfromtheFlemishCommunity,asidentifiedintheHorizontalBudgetFlanderseducationandtrainingsupported,amongstotherthings,bythespecialisationgrantsofIWTtherearesubsidiesforawholeseriesofresearchinstitutesbytheGovernmentofFlanders.TheasthatintheFlemishscientificinstitutes,CBGS,IAP,IBW,IN,andKMSKA.Inaddition,theFlemishresearchinstitutesIMEC,VITOandVIBisalsocarriedoutinthiscontext,aswellalsosupportedthroughatransferoftechnologyandmeasuresrelatedtothis.Theresearchinisthepromotionofindustrialandsocialresearch,funded,interalia,bytheIWTFlanders,buttheSpecialResearchFund(BOF)andtheFWOFlanders.Inaddition,thesecondmajoraspectwherethemostimportantfundingmechanismsaretheoperationsubsidiesfortheuniversities,Inthefirstplace,themajorareasofcompetenceconcerneducationandresearchinuniversities,searchandsocially-orientedresearch,andfinallyalsotheindustrialandsocialvalorizationofthere-fundamental(basic),non-orientedresearch,researchinthepre-valorizationstage,industrialAlltheseaspectscoverthewholerangeofdifferenttypesofscientificresearch,inparticular,tantandinnovationpolicy.Theinternationaldimensionofscienceandindustryisanotherimpor-qualityprovisionofscientificinformationandcommunicationalsoformspartofthesciencethepolicyendeavourstovalidatethefindingsofthescientificresearchasfaraspossible.AhighThisisthenusedasabasisforthedevelopmentofindustrialandsocialappliedresearch.Finally,ingofresearchersandthepromotionoffundamentalresearchtoincreaseourknowledgebase.wholerangeofscientific,technologicalandinnovationpolicy.ThispolicyisbasedonthetrainmunitiesandRegions.ThismeansthattheFlemishCommunityisfullycompetentforthe1993,theprimarycompetencewithregardtosciencepolicyhasbeentransferredtotheComThefirstpolicyleveltobeconsideredisthatofFlanders.SincetheSint-MichielsAgreementofaspect.results.andtheFWOFlandersmandatesareanimportantaspectinthis.1.13billioneuro.willbetransferredtoFlanders.Scientific,TechnicalandCulturalAffairs(DWTC)amountsto0.36billioneuro. chapterI.2–17
proximatelyditionalpossibilitiesforfundingresearch.ForFlanders,thismeansanadditionalbudgetofapTheresearchprogrammes,organisedinthe“FrameworkProgramme”,involvesignificantadtherope.Furthermore,theaimistodevelopabettercoordinationofresearchanddevelopmentinandexploitationoftheresearchresults,andtheimprovementoftrainingandmobilityinEuTreaty.”Tothisend,thereareinitiativestostimulateresearchprogrammes,thedistributionpromotingalltheresearchactivitiesdeemednecessarybyvirtueofotherChaptersofthisnityindustryandencouragingittobecomemorecompetitiveatinternationallevel,whilenityshallhavetheobjectiveofstrengtheningthescientificandtechnologicalbasesofCommu(exArticle130F)oftheTreatyestablishingtheEuropeanCommunitystates:“TheCommuThethirdlevelatwhichthesciencepolicyisdevelopedisintheEuropeanUnion.Article163levelditsforthewholeofBelgiumareintegrated,andthenthedataarepassedontotheinternationalthis.Theprocessedinformationispassedontothefederallevel,whereallthegovernmentcre-mationonFlemishgovernmentcreditsforsciencepolicy,includingcreditsforR&Daspartofprocessingofdatatakesplaceattheappropriatelevel.AttheFlemishlevel,thisconcernsinforstatisticsandscienceandtechnology,focusingontheinternationallevel.ThecollectionandTherefore,thiscooperationagreementregulatesthecollection,publicationandtransmissionofmustupinacooperationagreement”,andthecollectionandprocessingofstatisticswhichBelgiumapermanentinventoryofthescientificpotentialofthecountryinaccordancewithrulesdrawnThisspecificallyregulatesthecooperationondatabanksandstatistics,inparticular“drawingup1988,§2,sub6oftheSpecialActfortheReformofInstitutions,insertedbytheactof8AugustCooperationagreement(BelgianOff.Gaz.,17June1995)regardingtheexecutionofArt6bisspecialistmoreCommunitiesorRegions-witharightofvetoforForeignAffairs.TheCFScomprisesissueswhicharewhollyorpartlyrelatedtomatterswhichfallunderthecompetenceofoneorofinteresttotheState,theCommunitiesandtheRegions;thepreparationofjointpositionsonAmongstotherthings,thisagreementregulatesthedialogueoninternationalissueswhicharetheofthe“InternationalCooperation”commissions(CIS),and“FederalCooperation”(CFS)ofCooperationagreement(BelgianOff.Gaz.,1February1991)withregardtotheestablishmentare:sciencepolicyisarrangedinanumberofcooperationagreements.ThemostimportantoftheseThecooperationbetweentheCommunitiesandRegionsandthefederallevelwithregardtoternationalwiththeCommunitiesandRegionswithregardtotheBelgiancooperationwithactivitiesofintionoftheFederalCouncilforSciencePolicy.Inaddition,thefederalgovernmentactstogetherprogrammessubjecttotheagreementoftheCommunitiesandRegions,oronrecommendaandtheirpublicservices.Thefederalgovernmentcanalsostartnewinitiativesandresearchsponsibilityforthefederalscientificandculturalinstitutes,includingtheirresearchactivitiesForexample,thefederalgovernmentisresponsibleforthepolicyonspace,aswellashavingreresearchagencies.InterministerialConferenceforSciencePolicy,dated1February1991.organs,includingtheCFS/STATforconsultationoninventoryandstatistics.andamendedbytheactof16July1993.submittotheEUandtheOECD.(EUandOECD).CommunityandMemberStates.0.05-0.07billioneuroforuniversities,researchinstitutesandfirmstogether. chapterI.2–18
thesion-makingandmanagementprocessesinvolvedinresearchanddevelopmentatthelevelofCouncilofMinisters.Throughthesechannels,FlandersisalsoabletocontributetothedecitivesoftheMemberStates.ItisCRESTwhichadvisestheEuropeanCommissionandthehighestEuropeanadvisorybodyforscienceandtechnology,composedofscientificrepresentaisalsorepresentedintheCREST(ScientificandTechnicalResearchCommittee).Thisistheouttheprioritylinesoftheresearchprogrammesandareresponsiblefortheirmanagement.ItTheFlemishCommunityisrepresentedbothintheEUprogrammecommittees,whichworkEU.
chapterI.2–19
Chapter I.3 withindivisionTheFlemishscience,technologyandinnovationpolicy-ofcompetencestheGovernmentofFlanders chapterI.3 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION operationsubsidiesandinvestmentcreditsfortheuniversities,aswellasadrasticincreaseintheMeasureshavebeenplannedfortherealisationofthesethreepolicylines,suchasincreasingthe3.strengtheningthecollectiveinfrastructureoftheuniversities,institutesofhighereducation2.strengthening1.reorganisingInformationlow.AmoredetailedandconcretesummaryofthepolicyinitiativesisgiveninPartIIIofthisministerssetoutanumberofpolicylinesandpolicypriorities,whicharebrieflydescribedbeIntheirjointpolicymemorandum,“ScienceandTechnologyPolicy–2000-2004”,thetwoisters.stitutesofhighereducation.Othersarerelatedtothepolicyoptionsofthetwocompetentminaswellasaneedforasoundbasicinfrastructureandresearchpossibilitiesatuniversitiesandinnewchallenges,whichrequireananswernow,suchastheseriouslackofqualifiedresearchers,Nevertheless,thereareanumberofnewemphasesinthepolicy.SomeofthesearetheresultoftainableforinnovationinFlandersshouldcontributetolong-termwelfareandwell-being.Infact,susdegreeofcontinuity.ThemostimportantaxiominthisrespectisthatincreasingthecapacityTheobjectivesoftheFlemishscienceandtechnologypolicyarecharacterisedbyafairlylargeicy.discussions,withaviewtoachievingefficientdecisionmakingandacoherentandeffectivepol-CountryPlanningandMedia.However,theyactincloseconsultationonthebasisofmutualtionandTraining,andtheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEconomics,Townandisdividedbetweentwoministers,viz.,theMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEduca-InthepresentGovernmentofFlanders,thecompetencewithregardtotheactualsciencepolicy71.3science71.2science71.1generalganisationInthefirstplace,thereistheactualsciencepolicy.ThisconcernsthebudgetprogrammesofOrPOLICYDivision71(ScienceandInnovationAdministration):sciencepolicypolicy–academicresearchpolicywithaneconomicfocusdevelopmentiscentralinthetechnologicalinnovationpolicy.Guide:andstrengtheninghighereducationfundamental,groundbreakingscientificresearchandresearchinstitutes. chapterI.3–21
InnovationSciencePolicy),ChapterIII.2(SciencePolicy–academicresearch)andIII.3(TechnologyandThescience,technologyandinnovationpolicyisdescribedindetailinChaptersIII.1(GeneralinObviouslytheimportanceoftheinternationalisationofscienceandtechnologyisnotforgottenhasInallthis,oneimportantandfundamentalpolicylineisthattheinitiativeofthepartiesinvolvedInAthoroughexaminationwillbecarriedoutinordertosimplifytheadministrativestructures.8.rationalisationgeneralpowerinhighlytechnologicalsectors.Thethreeimportanttargetgroupsaretheyouth,theandtechnologyshouldalsobeincreased,particularlyinthelightofthedrasticshortageofmaninformedaboutthelatesttechnologicaldevelopments.TheinterestofyoungpeopleinscienceInordertodevelopandmaintainanadequatesocialfoundation,everylevelofsocietyshouldbe7.supportingsisjectsproposedbybusinessesthemselves.GroupingbusinessesonaparticulartechnologicalbaThusinthepolicyontechnology,theemphasiswillmainlybeonsupportingtechnologicalproforproducts…ButtheseaspectsparticularlyformpartofthegeneralFlemisheconomicpolicy.estedinaspectssuchaspromotingriskcapital,simplifyingtherulesanddeterminingthenormsmenttechniquesetc.)ismuchmoredifficult.TheGovernmentofFlandersiscertainlyinter-iftheycomplywiththesecriteria.Interveninginotherinnovativeareas(suchasnewmanage-jectsproposedbybusinessesthemselvesareevaluatedagainstqualitycriteria,andaresubsidisedAcentralaspectconcernsgovernmentsubsidiesfortechnologicalinnovationinindustry.Pro-6.supportingastutes,newFlemishcentresofexcellencewillbesupportedwithaviewtoestablishingFlanderstheycanbeusedformorethanoneapplication/sector.Inadditiontotheexistingresearchinsti-necessarytostrengthenthebasicresearch.Afterall,thisproducesresultsofagenericnature:fiveyears),orwhichprovidesustainablealternativestothecurrentapproach.Thereforeitisnologieswhichprovidesolutionsforeconomicorsocialproblemsinthemediumterm(fourorInapolicyfocusingonsustainabledevelopment,itisessentialtoinvestinknowledgeandtech5.technologicalbasicresearch:knowledgeforindustry,thenon-profitsectorandthegovernsearchinginformationwhichallowsthegovernmenttoactinaproactiveway.Inaddition,thereisretimeperspectiveofthreetofiveyears-orevenlonger.ThistypeofresearchisaimedatgeneratResearchthatisrelevanttopolicyidentifiesandstudiesproblems,andthenplacestheminacentralneedforitsdecisionstobesoundlysupported.ThereforeresearchthatisrelevanttopolicyisofAstheproblemsbecomemorecomplex,theGovernmentofFlandersrecognisesthegreater4.researchelectronicvelopmentofahighqualityFlemishcomputernetwork,withinternationallinksandaccessto(bothinindustryandintheresearchworld).Inaddition,investmentsmustbemadeinthedeversities,butalsoprovidesasolutionfortacklingthedrasticshortageofqualifiedresearchersfundsoftheSpecialResearchFund(BOF).Thiswillstimulatefundamentalresearchattheunidocumentationcentres.inpreparationofpolicy:aresponsetothenewsocialchallengesimportanceinpolicyfocusingonsustainabledevelopment.insupportofpolicy,aimedatrespondingtoshort-termquestionsregardingpolicy.mentaleaderinthefield.technologicalinnovationinFlemishindustryisanotherimportantfocusofattention.scienceinformationpublicandthebusinessworld.basedonareorganisationoftheadministrativestructuresthiscontext,acompleterangeofinstrumentswillbedevelopedforpolicyindicators.priority–bothinuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes,andinindustry.allthis.Policy)ofthisInformationGuide. chapterI.3–22
SECTORAL SCIENCE
chapterI.3–23
Thefieldgardtoparticularbasicallocationsforwhichtherearecreditsforsciencepolicyfortheirspecificlatedtothem.ThereforealltheministersoftheGovernmentofFlandersarecompetentwithrefields(includingresearchinsupportofpolicy),aswellastheotherscientificactivitiescloselyrefortheinitiativeswithregardtoscientificresearch,whichleadtoknowledgeinspecificpolicywiththeactualsciencepolicy,andissupportedbyasectoralsciencepolicy.ThisisresponsibleThereforethepolicyontheenvironment,economy,publichealthetc.,iswhollyinterrelatedItisclearthatthepolicyconcernedaffectseveryaspectofourenvironmentandactivities.POLICYofcompetence.sectoralsciencepolicyisdescribedindetailinChapterIII.4ofthisInformationGuide.
chapterI.4–25
Theadministrationsresponsibleforthesectoralsciencepolicy supportdiapolicy),thevariousadministrationsarecompetentforthosesciencepolicyinitiativeswhichWithintheAZF,COO,OND,WVC,EWBL,LINandWIMdepartments(asregardstheme:theirownpolicyandgivethemform.
Chapter I.4 The administrative structures of the Flemish science policy chapterI.4 managementThischaptergivesabriefoutlineofthecompositionoftheadministrativestructurefortheofsciencepolicy.Itconsistsof: Acentraladministration ThePolicyMinistryofFlanders.TheadministrationwasestablishedwhentheDecreeonAdministrativepolicy.TheadministrationispartoftheScience,InnovationandMediaDepartmentofthenomics,TownandCountryplanningandMedia,withthepreparationandimplementationofFlandersforEducationandTraining,andtheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEco-TheScienceandInnovationAdministration.ThissupportstheMinisteroftheGovernmentof:enteredintoeffecton12December1990.mostimportantkeytasksoftheAdministrationare:•thepreparation,implementationandsupportofthepolicy.Thepolicypreparation,interalia,bydrawingupabudgetforseveralyears,policyevaluation,e.g.,usingeffectivenessanalyses;•thehorizontalcoordinationofthescienceandtechnologypolicy,internallyintheMinistryofFlanders,andwiththerelevantPublicInstitutionsandtheFlemishInstitutionsforPublicWelfare;•thedefenceofthepositionsoftheGovernmentofFlandersandtheFlemishCommunityinfederalandinternationalconsultationorgans,thepublicationofresearchactivitiesattheselevelsandthestimulationandsupportofFlemishscientistsintheirparticipation.Thepromotionofbilateralcooperation;•thecoordinationandexecutionofactivitiesrelatedtoscientificinformation;•monitoringthescienceandtechnologypolicyanditseffects–aswellasdevelopinginstrumentsforthemeasurementandassessmentofquality;•thefollow-upofscientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentsattheFlemish,federalandinternationallevels.
decision-makingbusinessesandresearchinstitutes,inaccordancewithsetselectioncriteriaandevaluationandCountryPlanningandMedia.Itisanintermediaryorganwhichdistributesthefundsamongstcompetentminister,theMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEconomics,TownandIWT-Flanders:implementspolicyrelatedtoindustryandoperateswithintheguidelinesofthe:procedures.
TheFWOFlandersandIWTFlandersInstitutes
ationversitiesandresearchinstitutes.AgainthisisinaccordancewithsetselectioncriteriaandevaluEducationandTraining.ItisanintermediaryorganwhichdistributesthefundsamongstuniandoperateswithintheguidelinesprovidedbytheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforFWOFlanders:implementspolicywithregardtofundamentalresearchattheuniversities–anddecision-makingprocedures. Thethreeresearchinstitutions rizeTheFlandersInteruniversityInstituteforBiotechnology(VIB):tostimulateresearchandvalomaterials;servicesinthreeresearchfields:non-nuclearenergy,theenvironment,rawmaterialsandnewTheFlemishInstituteforTechnologicalResearch(VITO):ResearchandDevelopment,andfieldTheInteruniversityMicro-ElectronicsCentre(IMEC):researchactivitiesandservicesinthe:ofmicro-electronicsingeneral,andthetechnologyofintegratedsystemsinparticular.theresultsofthisresearchinthefieldofbiotechnology. Thefivescientificinstitutes: The Centre for Population and Family Studies (CBGS): • andstudiesandresearchespopulationandfamilyissuestodevelopactivitiesforademographicfamilypolicy; • gives advice on population and family policy; • publishes the results of its research. The Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW): • fisheries;carriesoutscientificstudiesandresearchonforests,themanagementofgameandfreshwater • passes on the knowledge and experience that is gained to the competent authorities. The Institute of Nature Conservation (IN): • carries out scientific studies and research related to the conservation of nature; • carries out applied ecological and eco-hydrological research; • thecollectsdocumentation,passesonknowledgeandinsightsontheconservationofnaturetocompetentauthorities; • TheTheprovidesscientificinformationandgivesadvice,ontheinstructionsofthecompetentminister,topublicdepartmentsandlegalpersons.ArchaeologicalPatrimonyInstitute(IAP):•managesandprotectsthearchaeologicalheritageinFlanders;•carriesoutscientificresearchinthisfield.RoyalMuseumofFineArts–Antwerp(KMSKA):•acquires,conserves,restoresandexhibitsitsownartcollection;•carriesoutscientificresearch;•publishescataloguesoffundsandannualaccounts;•organisesexhibitionsintheKMSKAandabroad;•organiseseducationalactivities:thetrainingofeducationalassistants,coursesforadults,lessonsforteachersandschools,guidedtours,lecturesandworkshopsforyoungpeople,publications;•organisesdocumentaryactivities:specialistlibrary,archivesandrecordsofthecollection. Theadvisoryorgans sonologypolicytotheGovernmentofFlandersandtheParliamentofFlanders.TheCouncildoesTheFlemishCouncilforSciencePolicyformulatesrecommendationsonthescienceandtech:whenitisrequestedtodoso,andalsoonitsowninitiative. chapterI.4–26
chapterI.4–27
ministrations,mentofFlandersforsciencepolicy,andthepartiesinvolved,thedifferentdepartmentsandadTheenclosedtableprovidesasurveyofthedivisionofthetasksofthemembersoftheGovernscientificIWTandFWO(1996and1999),theIMECandVITOresearchinstitutes(1997)andthefivetionGuidesincludedanalysesofexpenditure,withdetaileddescriptionsoftheactivitiesoftheScience,TechnologyandInnovationInformationGuide”.Inaddition,thesuccessiveInformaAmoredetaileddescriptionoftheinstitutionsandadvisoryorganscanbefoundinthe“1996onTheRoyalAcademyofMedicineformulatesrecommendationstotheGovernmentofFlandersandTheRoyalFlemishAcademyofBelgiumforSciencesandArtsformulatesrecommendationsproposalstotheGovernmentofFlandersinthefieldofsciences,literatureandfinearts.medicalsciences,medicaltrainingandmedicalpractice.institutions(1998).FlemishPublicInstitutions,researchandscientificinstitutes.
chapterI.4–28
Verteq Goldfinger "single-wafer-clean ing" module: cleaning of the silicon surface after Cu CMP. (Photo
29 HORIZONTALBUDGETPROGRAMMEFORSCIENCEPOLICY
IMEC) Solar cell (Photo IMEC)
PARTII
HORIZONTAL BUDGET PROGRAMME FOR SCIENCE POLICY
Chapter II.1 Definitions - aim chapterII.1 THE HORIZONTAL BUDGET PROGRAMME FOR SCIENCE involvedtransparentandcoherentbudgetprogrammeforthepeopleresponsibleforpolicyandallthoseingonthecorrectfigurestotheinternationalforum.However,itisalsoimportanttodrawupaAwell-structuredandcorrectlycomposedHBPWBisthereforeofcrucialimportanceforpassofareas,asclassifiedaccordingtotheNABScode(NomenclaturefortheanalysisandcomparisontheR&Dcredits,thereisalsoanindicationoftheclassificationwhichisusedfortheresearchforR&DwhicharemadeavailabletotheOECDareseparatefromthetwootheractivities.Forsummaryofthecreditsforsciencepolicy,whichcomprisesR&D,STETandSTS.Thefigureseffortsofthegovernmentandindustryinthevariouscountries.ForBelgium,thereisafederalTheresourcesforR&DareincludedbytheOECDinstatisticswhichareusedtocomparethethevices(STS).TheclassificationintoR&D,STETandSTSfollowstheinternationaldefinitionofanddevelopment(R&D),educationandtraining(STET),andscientificandtechnologicalsercanbedistinguishedinthesesortsofcreditscanbeindicatedforeverybasicallocation:researchForthefurtheranalysisofthesecredits,theproportionofdifferentscientificactivitieswhichtimeouspolicyareas.ItispossibletoexploretheevolutioninFlemishsciencepolicybymeansofHBPWBimmediatelyrevealswheretheemphasisliesintheoverallsciencepolicyandthevarithefigures,togetherwiththecontentofthepolicyforthecredits.ThereforetheannualfundscientificactivitiesinFlanders.Foreachbasicallocation,explanationscanbegivenwithThesummaryofthecreditsforeachyearrevealstheeffortsoftheGovernmentofFlanderstowherementsandFlemishPublicInstitutions(VOIs)foractivitiesrelatedtosciencepolicy.ItindicatesTheHBPWBgivesaninsightintothecreditswhicharemadeavailableinthevariousdepart-“W”.thebasicallocationswhicharewhollyorpartlyallocatedtothesciencepolicywiththeletternovationinthebudgetofaparticularyear.Theadministrativebudgetofexpenditureindicatessummaryofthecompetences,activitiesandprogrammesrelatedtoscience,technologyandin-TheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeForSciencePolicy(HBPWB)providesanoverallbudgetPOLICYthesefundsgo,andwhoisinvolvedintheirallocation.series.FRASCATIManual(forthesedefinitions,seeChapterI.1).sciencificprogrammesandbudgets–alsoseeChapterI.1).inFlemishsciencepolicy. chapterII.1–31
Chapter II.2 Drawing up the Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy chapterII.2 THE HORIZONTAL BUDGET PROGRAMME FOR SCIENCE 3°bygovernmentwishestoimplementintermsofscience,technologyandinnovation.ThisisdoneThereforethe“HorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy”reflectsthepolicywhichtheordinanceTheseindicatethepolicyscopeforaparticularpolicyarea.Thereforetheydonotincludethe2°TheHBPWBcontainsonlytherecordedcreditsandtheauthorisationsforrecordingcredits.ogyPolicy(asdescribedintheFRASCATIManual),aswellastheinternationalNABSterminolnationaldefinitionsareusedwhendrawinguptheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforScienceparetheeffortsofgovernmentsandindustryataninternationallevel.Thatiswhycurrentinter-ThefundsforResearchandDevelopmentareincludedbytheOECDinthestatisticstocom-the1°Thefiguresmustbecomparableatthefederallevelandattheinternationallevel,whereallInFlemishthecontent.Alargeproportionofthedatacomefromthecompetentadministrationsandthebasic“science”allocationsaresystematicallycollected,andthereisalsoananalysisintermsofTodrawuptheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy(HBPWB),thedataofthePOLICYPublicInstitutions.drawinguptheHBPWBthefollowingprinciplesapply:dataarecollectedandpublished(EuropeanUnionandOECD).(definitions,seeChapterI.1).credits.providingasummaryoftheavailablecreditsandtherelatedcontent.TheHBPWBmustbecoherentandtransparentonthebasisofthefollowingprinciples:•Allthebasicallocationsmustclearlyrefertothosescientificactivitiesthatarefundedbythem.•Inaddition,theymustalwaysretaintheircharacterofa“scientific”basicallocationforseveralyears.Thisallowsforananalysisoveralongerperiod.•TheHBPWBmustprovideasummaryofthevarioustypesoffunding,activitiesandprogrammes,whichtogetherconstitutetheFlemishSciencePolicy.•An“explanatorymemorandum”mustbedrawnuponthecontentoftheprojectsandinitiativesforwhichthecreditsareusedforeachbasicallocation,toaccompanythesummariesofthecreditsforsciencepolicy.•TheHBPWBmustalsoprovideasummaryandexplanationofthemostimportantpolicylinesforimportantfoundations,scientificinstitutesandresearchinstitutes. chapterII.2–32
SCIENCE
HORIZONTAL PROGRAMME FOR POLICY
PARTIII
2000 partIII 33 HHORIZONTALBUDGETPROGRAMMEFORSCIENCEPOLICY2000 0 Triple immunofluorescent staining of mouse hippocampal neurons. These neurons are an important research model for the study of Alzheimer disease. (Photo VIB)
BUDGET
ChapterIII.5providesaconcisesurveyofthereallocationofthecreditsforsciencepolicyinresectoralIneverycase,theoverallsumsarealsogivenfortheprogrammes71.1,71.2and71.3.FortheendInaddition,theNABScodeisgivenfortheR&Dcredits.ThelistofNABScodesfollowsatthesumThemultipliersindicatewhatproportionofthecreditisallocatedtoR&D,STETorSTS.TheeachEverychapterstartswithanexplanatorytext,followedbythetablewithbasicallocations.For2000,ThefirstfourchaptersofPartIIIgiveanoverviewofthecreditsforscienceandtechnologyfordestination.nentoftheadministrativebudget,withthecreditsallocatedtothelatter-togetherwiththeirWithinthebudgetprogrammes,thebasicallocationsaresummarisedasanumberedcompo-istration,administrations.Thisishowtheorganisationdivision42comesundertheHealthCareAdmin-get)programmesarethevariouspolicydomainswhichfallunderthecompetenceofthesetiondivisions.Thesecorrespondtotheadministrationswithinadepartment.Infact,the(bud-withanoverviewofallpolicymeansonthevariousbudgetprogrammeswithintheorganisa-TheHBPWBgroupstogetherallthebasicallocationsforthescienceandtechnologypolicy,Thesummaryofthecreditsforscienceandtechnologyfollowstheusualhierarchicalclassificaprises:ThisoverviewoftheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy(HBPWB)2000com•thebasicallocations(BAs)forthesciencepolicybudgetgroupedinthebudgetprogrammes:71.1.GeneralSciencePolicy71.2.SciencePolicy-Academicresearch71.3.SciencePolicywithanEconomicFocus,whichfalldirectlyunderthecompetenceoftheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEducationandTraining,ontheonehand,theMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEconomics,TownandCountryPlanningandMediaontheotherhand,orunderthesharedcompetenceofbothministers.•thecreditsforscienceandtechnologyallocatedontheBAs,whichfallunderthecompetencesoftheotherministersoftheGovernmentofFlanders.tionoftheadministrativebudget:•department•division(OA)•programme(progr.)•basicallocation(BA)includingtheprogrammes42.1PublicHealth,42.2Medical-socialPolicy,etc.onthebasisoftheprogrammes.budgetprogramme,andforeachbasicallocation,thefollowinginformationisgiven.•KR2000(Credit2000):theentirecreditsallocatedtoaparticularBA;•WB2000(SciencePolicy2000):thesumactuallyallocatedforsciencepolicy.Theremainderisallocatedtoothernon-scientificactivities;•R&D:theamountoftheBAthatisintendedforR&D(ResearchandDevelopment)in2000;•STET:theamountoftheBAthatisintendedforSTET(EducationandTraining)in2000;•STS:theamountoftheBAthatisintendedforSTS(ScientificandTechnologicalServices)in2000;•MR&D:themultiplierforR&D;•MSTET:themultiplierforSTET;•MSTS:themultiplierforSTS.oftheseproportionsofcourseequalstheshareofthatBAforsciencepolicy.ofthisintroductorytext.sciencepolicy,thetotalsaregivenperdepartment.lationtothenewemphasesinpolicy.Itstartswithanexaminationofthelastgovernment’sac partIII–35
TheimportantThetablesofanalysesinChapterIII.6arealsobasedontheinitialcredits,ascoherenceisalsoofprovedbytheParliamentofFlanders.However,theintentionisalsotoensureacertaindegreeyearaspossible.ThereforeitisnotpossibletowaitfortheadaptedbudgetwhichhasbeenaptoallthoseinvolvedinFlemishSciencepolicy,thisguideshouldbepublishedasearlyintheGuide(SpeurgidsWetenschap,TechnologieenInnovatie)isaimedatprovidinginformation16December1999”.Thereasonforadoptingtheinitialcreditsisobvious:AstheInformationoftheFlemishCommunityfortheBudgetyear2000,adoptedbytheParliamentofFlandersonofthebudgetfor2000ascontainedinthe“DecreerelatingtotheGeneralExpenditureBudgetThecreditsindicatedhereintheHBPWB2000concerntheinitialcredits,inparticular,thosemainresearch,etc.Thischapterthereforegivesaclearpictureoftheallocationofthebudgetoverthetionofthefinancialmeans:themeansfornon-orientedresearch,theglobalmeansforindustrialInchapterIII.6thecreditsforscienceandtechnologyareregroupedaccordingtothedestinaresearchtiontocatchupwhereithadfallenbehind,followedbyfurtherincreasesinthecreditsforanddevelopment.fieldsofactionofsciencepolicy,aswellastheevolutionovertheperiod1993-2000.consistencywithregardtothefiguresandschedules.inthisrespect.creditsareexpressedinmillionsofeuro(EUR).
partIII–36
List of the NABS codes. Some of the BA’s were analysed to the sub-NABS level. 1EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION OF THE EARTH 2INFRASTRUCTUREANDGENERALPLANNINGOFLAND-USE 2.0General research 2.1General planning of land-use 3CONTROLANDCAREOFTHEENVIRONMENT 3.0General research on the environment 3.1Protection of atmosphere and climate 3.2Protection of ambient air 3.3Solid 3.4Protectionwasteof ambient water (excluding groundwater) 3.5Protection of soil and ground water 3.6Abatement of noise and vibration 3.7Protection of species and habitats 3.8Protection against natural hazards 3.9Protection against radioactive radiation 3.10Other research on the environment 4PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF HUMAN 13DEFENCE12OTHER11NON-ORIENTED10RESEARCH9EXPLORATION8.9Other8.7Social8.6Political8.5Social8.4Improvement8.3Management8.2Cultural8.1Education,8.0Research8SOCIAL7INDUSTRIAL6.9Other6.6Food6.5Forestry6.4Crops6.3Veterinary6.2Fisheries6.1Animal6.0General6AGRICULTURE5PRODUCTION,DISTRIBUTIONANDRATIONALUTILIZATIONOFHEALTHENERGYPRODUCTIONANDTECHNOLOGYresearchproductsandfish-farmingmedicineandtimberproductiontechnologyresearchonagricultureproductionandtechnologyPRODUCTIONANDTECHNOLOGYSTRUCTURESANDRELATIONSHIPSofageneralnaturetraining,recurrenteducationandretrainingactivitiesofbusinessesandinstitutionsofworkingconditionssecuritysystemstructureofsocietychange,socialprocessesandsocialconflictsresearchwithregardtosocietyANDEXPLOITATIONOFSPACEFINANCEDFROMGENERALUNIVERSITYFUNDSRESEARCHCIVILRESEARCH partIII–37
Chapter III.1 General Science Policy chapterIII.1 universitiestion,thedisseminationofinformation,particularlyonEuropeanresearch,isprovidedforthedevelopmentofadatawarehousecontainingtheIWETOdata,amongstotherthings.InaddiThecreditsonthisBAareusedtocollectdatarelevanttopolicyforscientificresearchandthesearchBA0190Expenditurefortheinventorisationandvalorizationofscientificandtechnologicalrelist.character,theoperationalobjectivesarealsodynamic,andcannotbecontainedinanexhaustivethescienceandtechnologypolicyispartofaglobalcontext,andthereforehasitsowndynamicwillbeidentified.Infact,theywillbeintegratedinasubsequentbudgettobedrawnup.Justasimpossiblethatduringthecourseof2000andsubsequently,additionaloperationalobjectivesThislistrepresentsthemostimportantpointsforattentionforthebudgetfor2000.Itisnotformationtheintroductionofacoherentandintegratedpolicyoninternationalcooperationetc.,astheintionaleducationintheFlemishScienceWeek2000;proposalsfromamatrixofinstrumentsforsonwiththeOECDfigures);activitiesforincreasingtheparticipationintechnicalandvocaScienceandInnovationindicators,includingtheinternationaldimension(suchasthecomparitheseobjectivesintheyear2000.Thesecomprise,interalia,thecontinueddevelopmentofthetothesestrategicobjectives,whichdescribewhatcontributionsaremadetotheachievementofandevaluation,inthebroadestsense.A(non-exhaustive)listofoperationalobjectivesisrelatedThesefivestrategicobjectivesformthebasisfortheprocessofpolicypreparation,execution5.Optimalisationoftheoperationoftheadministrationsandthepublicinstitutionsresponsi-4.Valorization3.Stimulatingtheinternationalisationofresearchandpolicy,stimulatinginternationalcoop-2.Communication1.ScientificWithinThepackage.supportit,itspublication,andtheintegrationattheinternationalforum,alsofallunderthisevaluationoftheFlemishscience,technologyandinnovationpolicy.TheinstrumentsusedtoencePolicy”.Thiscomprisestherequiredactivitiesfortheoverallconception,elaborationandThe71.1budgetprogrammeprovidesanoverviewofalltheexpenditureforthe“GeneralSciexpenditureforthisprogrammeamountsto42.62millionEUR.thebudgetprogramme,thefollowingstrategicobjectivesaredistinguished:preparation,monitoringandevaluationofpolicy;andinformationonpolicyandscientificresearch;erationbetweenresearchersinabilateralandmultilateralcontext;ofscientificresearch;bleforthepreparation,executionandimplementationoftheFlemishR&Dpolicy.inthischapterwillshow.andresearchinstitutes.Thetotalcreditamountsto0.12millionEUR. chapterIII.1–39
BA 12.01 Expenditure related to the design, preparation and execution of scientific velopedconsolidationoftheuniquepotentialwithregardtobibliometricanalyses,whichhasbeendeisdevotedtooutputandquality.Inthecourseof2000,aproposalisbeingworkedoutforthecanalsoservetodrawupanewfundingsystemforuniversityresearchinwhichmoreattentiontionofFlanderswithregardtoresearchinmolecularbiology.Inprinciple,bibliometricdatacooperationbetweenFlemishuniversitiesandcompanies,andabackgroundstudyoftheposiishR&D.Thisconcerns,amongstotherthings,thebibliometriccharacteristicsofthetoralanalyseswhichwereannouncedinrecentpublicationsonthebibliometricprofileofFlemIn2000,thebibliometricinstrumentswillbefurtherdeveloped,togetherwithanumberofsecpatents.datedinthecourseof2000withthemostrecentpatentdataandanupdateoftheindicatorson1999,byKoenraadDebackere,MarcLuwelandReinhildeVeugelers.Thedatabankwillbeupreportavailableonthis:“TheFlemishtechnologyposition:Sourceofcompetitiveadvantage”,whichwereappliedforfromtheEuropeanPatentBureauintheperiod1978-1996.ThereisaInadditiontothepublisheddata,thebibliographicdatabankalsocontainsdataonpatentsbibliometricbibliometricanalysiswerepublishedinareport(Natural,LifeandTechnicalSciences:Aselves,andofcooperationwithother(Belgianandforeign)institutes.Theresultsoftheworkingaddressesmentioned,ofboththecooperationbetweentheFlemishinstitutesthemandreferencestoarticlesetc.inthescientificpress.Inaddition,thereisananalysis,usingthetificpotential.Thisisdone,inparticular,usingindicatorsbasedonthenumberofpublications,data.ThismakesitpossibletooutlinethescopeandinternationalvisibilityoftheFlemishscienApartfromthis,abibliometricdatabankisbeingsetup,containingpublicationandpatentFlemishdition,anEnglishlanguageversionispublishedtopromotetheinternationalreputationofnowinitsfiftheditionin2000.TheInformationGuideisalsoavailableontheInternet.Inad-thiscanbefoundinthisInformationGuideforScience,TechnologyandInnovation,whichisexpenditurehavebeendrawnupforparticularsectorsofFlemishsciencepolicy.Theresultsofupeveryyearsince1996.Onthisbasis,analysesoftheexpenditureandthedevelopmentofthistionattheFlemishlevel,theHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicyhasbeendrawnInordertofollowupthegovernmenteffortswithregardtoresearch,technologyandinnova-outpositionwithregardtointernationalpublicationsandpatents,etc.Moreworkwillbecarriedicy,R&DexpenditureinFlemishcompanies,theFlemishhumanpotentialinSTI,theFlemishsignal,withasummaryofSTIindicators,suchasFlemishgovernmentcreditsforsciencepolnextfiveyears.Thefirsteditionofthe“1999FlemishBookofIndicators”providedthestartingseries,forthemaincomponentsoftheOECDindicatorsforSTIataninternationallevelintheOECD.Theaimistosystematicallydevelopapromptprovisionofcomparableregionaltimetors.AstandardisedsetofindicatorsisusedattheinternationallevelandpublishedbythearealsoplansforthefurtherdevelopmentofScience,TechnologyandInnovation(STI)indicasibletofollowupbudgetaryevolutionsanddevelopmentsintermsofcontentovertime.ThereForthispurpose,acollectionofquantitativepolicyindicatorsisdrawnup,whichmakesitposthemselvestheResearchCouncilsoftheuniversities,etc.However,theeffectivenessoftheseevaluationssetupforthatpurpose,suchastheCommissionsoftheFundforScientificResearch-Flanders,Itisnotsomuchtheresearchitselfthatisevaluated,asthisisalreadydonebybodiesspecifically2.35todevelopinstrumentsformonitoringandqualitycontrol.ThetotalcreditforthisamountstoAsthebudgetaryeffortsforscienceandtechnologyhaveincreasedconsiderably,itisnecessaryactivitiesmillionEUR.isscrutinised.Inotherwords,theseareinstrumentsfor“meta-evaluation”.alongtheselines.sciencepolicy.profileoftheFlemishresearch,MarcLuwel,AWIReport,January1999).inFlandersinthepastfiveyears. chapterIII.1–40
societythatisincreasinglyevolvingtowardsa“ActionsfocusingonprovidinginformationandthepopularisationofscienceareessentialinatificBA33.01AvarietyofsubsidieswithregardtothepublicationofthesciencepolicyandscienandBATechnologyIndustry-whichwasrenamedtheInstituteforthePromotionofInnovationbyScienceandtheVIB,andtheFlemishInstituteforthePromotionofScientific-TechnologicalResearchintificinformationandvariousotherexaminations:oftheFundforScientificResearch-Flanders,ministrativestructuresofscientificresearchandhighereducation,theactivitiesrelatedtoscien-Theincreaseof1.17millionEURtothisbasicallocationconcernstheexaminationofthead-lateTherefore,aninventoryandevaluationofpolicy-orientedresearchwillbedrawnuptoformuprocedures,andwithregardtothefeedbackofresultsofresearchprojectstopolicylevels.willbeusedinappropriately.Moreover,questionsarisewithregardtotheefficiencyofcertainofFlandersisnotverytransparent.Therefore,thereisanotinconceivabledangerthatthefundsHowever,thetotalbodyofresearchwithrelevancetopolicycommissionedbytheGovernmentVITOmentagreement,butinformationwasalsocollectedwithaviewtothenewagreement.Thesultationagency,ArthurD.Little.ThisnotonlyanalysedtheexecutionofthecurrentmanageVITO(FlemishInstituteforTechnologicalResearch)in1998,incollaborationwiththeconInaddition,theScienceandInnovationAdministrationcarriedoutanexaminationoftherelevanceavailablefundsandtherangeoftaskstobecarriedout:themaintaskwastheexaminationofthelatedaseriesofrecommendations,includingrecommendationsontherelationshipbetweentheassessmentreport,acommissionofexpertsevaluatedtheactivitiesofeveryinstituteandformuFiveFlemishscientificinstituteswereexaminedinthecourseof1998.Onthebasisofaself-cludingoperationalisinganintegrateddatabasecontainingseveralexistingsourcesofinformation:inInthecourseof2000,thecollectionofinformationofWTIwillberationalisedbythatfromIWETO,bibliometry,VLIRdata,FWOdata,OECDdata…topolicy.alsohasanimportanttaskwithregardtosupportingpolicy.proposalsforfutureinitiatives.inFlanders,intheInnovationDecree.12.03Expenditureforthepublicationofthesciencepolicyandscientificresearchresearch technotope”. scienceandtechnology,andalltheadvantagesanddisadvantagesrelatedtothem.Theinitiapossible,inparticular(schoolage)children,shouldbemadeawareoftheroleandtheimpactofandtechnicalilliteracy”fromarising,targetedactionsmustbeundertaken.AsmanycitizensasInordertoavoidasortof“scientifictivesonscienceinformationandcommunicationreachedanewhighpointin1999,followingthetransmissionofanumberofmediaproductionsonscientificandtechnologicalresearch,amongstotherthings.Forexample,theseries“Curieuzeneuze”wasbroadcastonKetnetinthespringandautumnof1999.Thisseriesfor(andcreatedby)childrenbetweentheagesof10and12,providesanswerstocertain(scientific)questionswhichchildrenaskthemselves,inshortfilms,4to5minuteslong:“Howdoesapilotfindhiswayintheair?Whataredreams...”Altogethertherewere24programmes.Thesuccessofthisserieswasnotonlyapparentfromtheviewingfigures,butalsofromthelarge-scaleparticipationofschoolsintheCurieuzeneuzecompetition,heldjustaftertheendoftheseries.SinceSeptember1999,thescientificseries,OverLeven,aco-productionbetweentheFlemishCommunityandtheVRT,hasbeenbroadcastonCanvas.Thisseriesistargetedatthegeneralpublic,andhasanaverageof150,000viewers.Inaddition,theeffectsofcampaigns,suchastheFlemishScienceWeek,weremeasured.Theyshowedthat90%ofFlemishpeople,and95%ofyoungpeoplebetweentheagesof16and18,considerthatscienceandtechnologyareimportantforsociety,thattheinvestmentsoftheGovernmentofFlandersinscientificandtechnologicalresearchareveryuseful,andthattheGovernmentofFlandersprovidesinformationonthisresearchincampaignssuchastheFlemishScienceWeek.Furthermore,afterparticipatinginoneoftheactivities,itbecameapparentthat chapterIII.1–41
Asumof0.62millionEURwasmadeavailableforthisnewbasicallocationtoensurethecontiinnovate”BA12.05Avarietyofexpenditureinconnectionwiththecommunicationcampaign,“DaretoThiswithcontentandfortheexploitationoftheFlemishstandatthe2000WorldFairinHannover-Thenewbasicallocationisprovidedasaone-offbudgetfortheorganisation,forprovidingtheHannover,BA12.04One-offexpenditureintheparticipationofFlandersinthe2000WorldFairinallocations,Fortheyear2000,thetotalbudgetamountsto3.49millionEUR,dividedoverthetwobasicFlemishvariouspartiesinvolvedinprovidinginformationonscienceareclearlydescribed.Thefourththeexistingeffectiveactions,withthepossibilityofnewinitiatives.Inaddition,thetasksoftheOnthebasisoftheresultsofthisexamination,ageneralactionplanwillbedrawnup,retainingTherespecttionsofthescienceandtechnologypolicy.Theessentialtargetgroupsdistinguishedinthistegicobjectiveofprovidingscientificinformation,particularlybystrengtheningthefounda-Thepolicymemorandum,“Scienceandtechnologypolicyfor2000-2004”emphasisesthestra-whereanynewcampaigns,itintendstoexaminetheexistingcampaignsinthecourseof2000,andtentionshouldbedevotedtoprovidinginformationonscience.However,beforeintroducingInthegovernmentdeclaration,thenewGovernmentofFlandersindicatedthatpermanentatductionschool-agechildren,theseconddo-it-yourselfbooklet,theannualScienceFairandtheintrothisplanwerethebiennialFlemishScienceWeek,thescientificdo-it-yourselfpackagesforwiththefoundationFlandersTechnologyInternational.Themostimportantactivitiesunderactionplanonscienceinformation,drawnupbytheDepartmentofSciencesincooperationUpto1999,theincreasedattentiondevotedtoscienceinformationwastranslatedinanannualbeTheirevaluationhasbeenvirtuallycompleted,andwithintheavailablebudgetsitwillprobablymation,tostimulatethepartiesinvolvedinthefield.40projectproposalsweresubmitted.Finally,1999sawanotherappealforsubmittingprojectproposalsforprojectsonscienceinfor“Olympiads”.Flemishastronomygroups,andwithorganisersofscientificcompetitions,suchastheso-calledtion(asindicatedinthepreviousInformationGuide),includingcooperationwiththefourInaddition,1999sawtheachievementofanumberofconcretestructuralexamplesofcooperatechnology,morethan20%oftheparticipantswhowere(alreadysignificantly)interestedinscienceandbecameevenmoreinterested.possibletofinance17projectsofaparticularlyhighstandard.ofitsownwebsite.necessarymonitorthem,forexample,inrelationtothenewemphasesinpolicy.are:youngpeople,entrepreneurs,andthegeneralpublic.operationalobjectivesare:•anevaluationoftheexistinginitiativesandinstrumentswithregardtoprovidingscientificinformation;•tostimulatetheintakeandprogressoftalentedchildrenandschoolleaversintheexactandappliedsciences,withparticularattentiondevotedtogirls;•informationonscientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentsforthegeneralpublic;•innovationandenterpriseinFlanders.ScienceWeekwillbeheldin2000,asusual,focusingonacentraltheme.12.03and33.01.“Humankind,NatureandTechnology”thecentraltheme,“Humankind,NatureandTechnology”.concernsasumof0.87millionEUR.nuityofthecommunicationcampaign“Daretoinnovate”.Theinnovationpolicyshouldbefocusedonasustainableeconomy.Thegovernmentagreementgivesprioritytothecontentand chapterIII.1–42
chapterIII.1–43
0.621.74millionEURforthe1996programmes,1.12millionEURforthe1997programme,andobviouslybehonoured.Thismeansthatasumof3.47millionEURwillbepaidin2000(i.e.Commitmentstransfersystemwillbechangedinthefuturetogivetheuniversitiesagreaterimpact.Thisanticipatesaever,anewappealhasbeenlaunchedfortheyear2000,forabudgetof2.8millionEUR.TheThecurrentmechanismforbilateralcooperationisbeingprogressivelybrokendown.How-offundstotheBOF,whiletheirallocationdoesretainitsspecificobjective.enteredintoatanearlierstagefortheprogrammeofbilateralcooperationwillmillionEURforthe1998programme. cooperation
InreportIntheBOF,thesefundswillbeassignedaspecificallocation,andtheuniversitieswillhaveto41.01.programmesweretransferredtothecreditsoftheSpecialResearchFundonprogr.71.2BA3.52millionEURforthecampaigntopromotetheFlemishparticipationinEUresearchframeworkprogrammes,willalsobetransferredtotheBOFfrom2000.Inconcreteterms,theinternationalcooperationprojects”,andforco-fundingresearchprojectssubsidisedintheEUcreasingtheSpecialResearchFund,thefundsformerlyprovidedinthecontextof“exploratoryInthecontextofbreakingdownthesmallerfundingchannelsforscientificresearch,whileinontheirallocationintheirannualreport.ordertoachievethis,theregulationsintheSpecialResearchFundwillbemodified.
Flanders8.32beingaddition,theadministrativeboundariesinhibitingtheinternationalmobilityofresearchersarebletocarryoutacoherentandintegratedpolicywithregardtointernationalcooperation.InProposalsarebeingdrawnupforthefutureforamatrixofinstrumentsthatwillmakeitpossiESA),(EU,UNESCO),aswellasmultilateralorganisations,(includingCERN,EMBL,ESRF,expensiveresearchinfrastructure(instrumentsanddatabanks),sothattheroleininternationalcarryoutspecificresearch.Inaddition,thereisalsoagrowingneedforhighlyspecialisedanddisciplinaryresearch,meansthatresearchgroupsareorganisedinaninternationalcontexttofar-reachingspecialisationinspecificareas,combinedwiththeincreasingimportanceofintersultofthepragmaticcooperationbetweenresearchgroupsinBelgiumandabroad.Afterall,sityresearchinitselfimpliesinternationalcooperation.ThistakesplaceinanaturalwayasareTheinternationalisationofscienceandtechnologyistakingplaceataneverfasterrate.UniverBAcationdetailoftheFlemishinnovationpolicyinthecontextoftheinnovationdecree.Thecommunipolicyforcitizenswillplayanimportantroleinthis.12.24Expenditureinthecontextofinternationalscientificcooperationisbecomingincreasinglyimportant.brokendown.millionEURisprovidedforthisbasicallocation.isrespondingtothisinternationalisationthroughvariouschannels: 1º Bilateral cooperation
3º Pilot stage of the programme of Comparative Regional Integration Studies
thepropriate,inviewoftheadministrativeexperienceinBelgiumwithregardtodefederalisationinFurthermore,itwasclearthatthelocationofthissortofinitiativeinFlandersisextremelyapThisrevealedthattheEuropaCollegeisaninstitutionwithagreatdealofpotentialinthatfield.ingnewtrainingandresearchinitiatives-focusingoncomparativeregionalintegrationstudies.(UNU),andtheEuropaCollegerevealedthattherewasgreatinterestattheUNUindevelopDuringthecourseof1999,informalcontactsbetweentheUniversityoftheUnitedNationsBAmillionEURisbeingtransferredfromtheBA12.29,progr.71.1“Policy-orientedresearch”tofundingofthispilotstagefor12monthsamountsto0.32millionEUR(forthispurpose,0.32Studies,organisedinBrugesincooperationwiththeUniversityoftheUnitedNations.TheThefundingforthepilotstageoftheprogrammeofComparativeRegionalIntegration12.24).contextofEuropeanintegration.
2º Multilateral
Onits44th ThestudywasconcludedinDecember1999andpresentedatthe45UnitedticipationofFlandersinatrilateralcooperationbetweenFlanders,theEuropaCollegeandthecreeforthefundingofthestudyofdefinitions,withaviewtoresearchingthe“StructuralparOn8/7/1999,thethenPrimeMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlanderssignedaMinisterialDethetheEuropaCollegeitself,atFlemishuniversitiesandatforeignuniversitiesandinstitutionsofstudyofdefinitionsbasedonthisinitiative.Thiswascarriedoutbyanumberofacademicsatanniversaryon11December1998,theBoardoftheUNUdecidedtoestablishaEuropeanUnion.NationsUniversity”.thmeetingoftheCounciloftheUNUbytheChancelloroftheUNU.TheprojectentailsthattheUNUwillsetuparesearchandtraininginitiativebasedontheso-called“Integrationstudies”,togetherwiththeEuropaCollege.Theemphasisinthisisonresearchintotheworldwidetransformationswithregardtotheinterandintra-regionalintegrationofregionsandcountries,includingtheinstitutionalframework:theincreasingimportanceofregionalmanagementstructuresandofsupranationalorganisation.TheUnitedNationsUniversityisaskingtheGovernmentofFlandersandtheEuropaCollegetodevelopapilotprogrammeforanewUNU“ResearchandTrainingProgrammeonComparativeRegionalIntegrationStudies”(UNU/CRIS),foraperiodofoneyear.Essentially,thismeansdevelopingastrategicplanforUNU/CRIS,andtakingallthemeasuresnecessarytomakeadefinitivestartwithUNU/CRISinBrugesin2001.Inaddition,anumberofactivitieswillhavetobedevelopedinthefieldofresearch,traininganddisseminationin2000.WithregardtotheGovernmentofFlanders,thismeansarequestforaone-offcontributionin2000tofundthepilotyear-withaviewtoconsideringrecurrentfundingforaninitialperiodoffiveyearsfrom2001(subjecttoapositivedecisionoftheUNUCouncilinNovember2000).Inordertostartthepilotstage,theGovernmentofFlanderswillbepresentedwithadraftMemorandumofUnderstandingforitsapprovalinthecourseofFebruary2000.ThisMemorandumdrawsuptheagreementsbetweentheFlemishCommunity,theUniversityoftheUnitedNations,andtheEuropaCollege.Inaddition,adraftagreementbetweenthethreepartieswillbesubmittedtotheGovernmentofFlandersforitsapproval,drawinguptheworkingprogrammeforthepilotstage,aswellasthesubsidyoftheFlemishCommunity.Thisagreement,whichrunsfrom1April2000to31March2001,willprovideasubsidyof0.32millionEUR. 4º Combined fund Flanders - UNESCO Aprogramme,requiringthecommitmentofthebeneficiary,aswellasUNESCO’scontribution.uptheFlemishUNESCOTrustFund,andinitiateprojectsinthecontextoftheUNESCOEducation,Sciences,CultureandCommunication.Fortheyear2000,thereareplanstostartTheFlemishCommunityhassignedacooperationagreementwithUNESCOforthefieldsoftionalThereareadditionalbudgetaryfundscontributedbythemembers.For1998-1999,anadditheParticipationProgramme.Thetotalbudgetfor1998-1999amountedtoUS$544million.Communication&Information,thespecificTransdisciplinaryandTransversalActivitiesanderalMeeting.Thiscomprisesthe“BigProgrammes”focusedonEducation,Sciences,Culture,providingapoliticalforum.UNESCOdrawsupitsworkingprogrammeinthebiennialGenedge.Thisisdoneinthecontextofastructured,multidisciplinaryplatform-inadditiontosentedandapplyforpartnerstoengageintraining,specificcoursesandthetransferofknowlUnitedNations.ItisoneofthefewforumsinwhichmanydevelopingcountriescanberepreUNESCOstandsforthemultilateralorganisationforEducation,ScienceandCultureoftheAconcreteandhighqualityprovisionisbeingdrawnupfortheUNESCOTrustFund.US$250millionhasalreadybeenallocatedtothe“BigProgrammes”.budgetof1.13millionEURisavailableforthis. chapterIII.1–44
5º Maritime research theacquisitionofexpertiseonthepolicyarea;thedevelopmentofpolicyindicatorsandmeasof9.2millionEUR.Thiscallcovered64issues,groupedinaccordancewith4linesofresearch:ThefirstCallforproposalsforthe1997PBOwaslaunchedattheendofJuly1997forabudgetScientificPolicy-basedbothIn1997,theProgrammeforPolicy-orientedResearch(PBO)wassetup.Thisprogrammehasthepealwillbelaunched,whileatthesametime,theprogrammewillbeevaluatedwithaviewtoTheyear2000willbeatransitionalyearforpolicy-orientedresearch.Ontheonehand,anap-BASpecificprojectsrelatedtopolicysupportwillbefundedwiththesecredits(0.35millionEUR).TechnologyBA12.28ResearchundertheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforSciencePolicyandthemeasureofperformanceconsistsofdrawingupamodularmodelintheshorttermtosupporterlands,andhavetherighttomakeuseofit.Inadditiontothejointresearchprojects,onefullyaspossible.FlemishresearchersalsohaveaccesstotheextensiveinfrastructureintheNethaddition,theresearchinfrastructureavailablebothinFlandersandtheNetherlandsisusedasquirements.Thescienceplanallowsforthecurrentandfutureresearchtobeinterrelated.Inbilityofdeterminingnewprioritiesbasedontheresults,andtakingintoaccountthepolicyreframeworkcreatedinthiswaycanbeorganisedintheformofmodules.ThiscreatesthepossiTheobjectivehasbeenworkedoutforeachcluster,indicatingtheresearchtopics,sothattheThescienceplanconsistsofsevenclusterswhichareorganisedinfourgroupsofsubjectareas.coordinationinFlandersisessentialtoachievethissortofbroadandfar-reachingcooperation.andtheybothmakeeffortstoencouragethiscooperationinastructuralanddetailedform.TheDutchscientificcooperationinthefieldofmaritimesciences.Itreportstobothgovernments,stituteisresponsibleforpublicisingitswork,interalia,bysupportingandstimulatingFlemish-funds,thereareobviouslyalsocontributionsfromtheNetherlands.TheFlemishMaritimeInTheprioritiesaredeterminedbyaFlemish-Dutchworkinggroup.InadditiontotheFlemishcoastalwhichdecisionscanbebasedwithregardtothemanagementoftheestuaryandtheadjacentthecoastalzone.Itwillformthemostimportantbasistosupportanintegratedapproachonmutualconsultationforjointmaritimeresearch.ThisprojectfocusesontheScheldtestuaryandForthecooperationbetweenFlandersandtheNetherlands,ascienceplanwasdrawnupwitharea,andwillbenefitfrombothparties’researchfacilitiesandexpertise.decision-makingprocessesrelatedtotheScheldtbasin.12.29Policy-orientedresearchfuture.6.2millionEURisprovidedforthisBA.sectoralpolicy-orientedandpoliticalscientificobjectives:objectives:•toacquirereliablescientificinformationaboutdevelopmentsinpolicyareasoftheGovernmentofFlandersinordertoprovidejustifiedsupportinfuturepolicychoices;•toincreasetheeffectivenessofthefundsprovidedforresearchtosupportpolicy,bymeansofaclearandjointdefinitionoftheresearchrequirementsoftheGovernmentofFlanders;•tomaximisethesocialvalorizationofscientificknowledgebystimulatingthetransferofdatawhicharerelevanttopolicytotheFlemishadministration.objectives:•tomaintain,expandandprofessionalisethescientificresearchpotentialinsocialsciencesandinculturalandbehaviouralsciences;•tostimulatetheconcentrationofresearchthatisrelevanttopolicywiththecreationofnetworksandareasofconcentrationinFlanders,andofinternationalscientificcooperationinthisrespect;•toencouragetransparencywithregardtotheresearchfield,withtheapplicationofanobjectiveprocedureforthevariouspolicyareas,includingapublicappealtosubmitprojectproposalsandtheuseofuniformevaluationandselectionmechanisms;•tostimulatetheimplementationandvalorizationofresearchresults.urementinstruments;thedevelopmentofpolicyscenariosandfinally,theanalysisofpolicyimpact. chapterIII.1–45
widebroughttogetherandthattimeseriesarecarriedout.Inthisway,Flanderscanjointheworldgagesincollectingdataonitsown.Coordinationhastheadvantagethatthevariousdataarealsoresultedintheincoherentcollectionofdata;everyresearchgrouporpolicyauthorityenpeanandmultinationalorganisationswhichfundandmonitortheresearch.Thefragmentationdiverseandfragmented.Asaresult,FlandershashadhardlyanyimpactintheimportantEuroThesituationinthisscientificsectorrevealsgreatresearchpotential,thoughthisisextremelyerationpointintheinternationalforumsconcerned,andwillalsoformacontextforpermanentcooptheresearchitselfandwithregardtopolicy.TheinstitutewillserveasaninternationalcontactthecollectionofdifferenttypesofdataontheseaandtheScheldt,whichareimportantbothforsearch.Itisresponsible,interalia,forthecoordinationofthemaritimeresearchinFlandersandTheFlemishInstitutefortheSeawasestablishedintheautumnof1998specificallyforthisreBAneurochemistry.fromresearchwithintheirfieldofaction:inparticular,thefieldsofneuropathologyandThissubsidyof0.15millionEURisusedforpersonnel,operatingandequipmentcostsarisingBAclosecies,andisfocusedonproblem-oriented,management-relatedquestions.ItiscarriedoutinfromscientificresearchintheKMDA’sfieldofaction.Thisresearchrelatestoendangeredspesubsidyof0.13millionEURisusedforthepersonnel,operatingandequipmentcostsarisingBAtweenpliedclinicalresearch–itwasdecidedtostartaseparatelineofresearchintotherelationshipbe-in1998forenvironmentalandhealthresearch.Becauseofitsnature–theemphasisisonap-IntheProgrammeforPolicy-orientedResearch,partofthefunds(1.24million)werereservedBAofdeterminedcontractuallyatprojectlevel.Thepilotgroupsmonitortheresearch,bothintermstheprogressoftheprojectonthebasisofinterimandfinalreports,forwhichthemodalitiesareinthisfieldandarepresentativefromtheScience&InnovationAdministration.TheymonitorministrationsconcernedoftheFlemishCommunity,representativesofthecompetentministerorgroupofprojects.ThesepilotgroupsarecomposedoftheresponsibleofficialsfromtheadFollowingupthecontentofthePBOiscarriedoutbypilotgroups,establishedforeachprojectthedertopreparetherangeofsubjectsforthenew1999PBOCall,astartwasmadeonsurveyinglongitudinalresearchinsupportofpolicy,forwhichthe1998Callgavethefirstimpetus.Inorwithabudgetof11.16millionEUR.Again,theaimistoprovidesomeofthefundingfortheCallwaslaunchedbytheProgrammeforPolicy-orientedResearchatthebeginningof1999,jectsinthe1998Call(71subjectsfollowingaselectionfromanevenbroaderrange!),athirdBecauseoftheenormousresponseofresearcherstothe1997Callandthewiderangeofsubgrouptransferofresultscanbeexpectedbetweentheresearchfieldandpolicy.Inaddition,the1998In1999,theprojectresearchofthefirst1997PBOCallreachedasteadyrate,andthefirstthevided.Thisaimedtostimulatethecollectionofdataandinformationrelevanttopolicythroughpandedin1998witha“LongitudinalResearch”action,forwhich1.24millionEURwasprorelatedtolongitudinalresearch.Infact,theProgrammeforPolicy-orientedResearchwasex9.92millionEUR.Itcomprised71researchsubjects,spreadover21policyareas.TensubjectsInAugust1998,thesecondPBO1998Callwaslaunched,againwithabudgetofmorethanyears,tosupporttheplanningofthepolicyinthelongerterm.startedatthebeginningof1999.interestedpartiesinthedifferentpolicyareasintheautumnof1998.policyandscientifically,andsupervisethetransferofresultstothepolicyfield.12.31Avarietyofexpenditureinappliedpolicy-orientedresearchinthehealthsectorenvironmentalpollutionanditseffectonpublichealth.33.41SubsidyfortheRoyalZoologicalSocietyofAntwerp(KMDA)collaborationwithuniversitiesandscientificinstitutes.33.42SubsidyfortheBorn-BungeFoundationinAntwerp33.43SubsidyfortheFlemishInstitutefortheSeawiththeNetherlands.However,itisnotitselfaresearchinstitute.networksfortheexchangeofdataontheseasandestuaries. chapterIII.1–46
EQUIP:highlytechnologicalequipmentavailableinFlanders,whichcanalsobeusedbyCOOP:internationalEXPERT:consultancy,PROJECT:currentTEAM:thecanTheIWETOresearchdatabankisaccessibleontheInternet.Therearefivedatabanks,whichencompassesjectandprogrammemanagement,monitoring,evaluationandpolicy.TheinventoryingthevisibilityandaccessibilityofFlemishresearch.Inaddition,thereisthesupportofproTheIWETOprovidesinformationaboutFlemishresearchteams,withasecondaimofincreasBAThecommissionsforstudies,theCouncilcanappealtoadhocworkinggroupsorexternalexperts.tionalCooperation,andBudget&Finance.Forresearchrelatedtoparticularissues,orforlowingfourpermanentcommissions:SciencePolicy,TechnologyPolicy,Federal&InternapolicyanditspositionwithregardtoFlanders.Toprepareitsadvice,theCouncilhasthefolinitiative,theCouncilgivesadviceongeneralorspecificpointsinthescienceandtechnologyFivecivilservantsparticipateinthemeetingswithanadvisoryvote.Ifrequested,oronitsownforofFlanders(SERV).TheChairmanandfourmembersareappointedbytheFlemishMinisternatedbytheFlemishInteruniversityCouncil(VLIR),andsixbytheSocio-EconomicCouncilTheFlemishCouncilforSciencePolicyconsistsofthechairmanand16members:sixarenomi-BAThecontactrarysupplystafftostandinforFlemishresearchers,andtheoperatingcostsfortwentyFlemishandCulturalForumismainlyforaccommodationexpensesforforeigntopresearchers,tempo-terdisciplinaryforum,viz.,the“SabbaticalCentre”.ThefundingofthisFlemishKnowledgeBelgiumforSciencesandArtsisthemostappropriateplaceinwhichtoestablishthissortofin-AnanalysisofthescientificlandscapeofFlandersshowsthattheRoyalFlemishAcademyofstructure.fluences-inotherwords,ina“neutral”place,althoughitshouldbeintegratedinanexistingtionofthissortofcentreshouldtakeplacequiteindependentlyofanyideologicalorotherinmonths,liberatedfrompracticaldemandssuchasteachingandadministration.Theorganisatificpotential.Researcherswouldbeabletoworktherequietlyandcreativelyforseveraltionbetweenindividualsfromthevariousscientificdisciplinescanresultinanincreasedscienothercountriesforlongperiods.Thisresultsinaframeworkforreflection,wheretheinteracmeetingplacewhereFlemishresearcherscancooperatewithwell-knownresearchersfrom“SabbaticalCentre”initiativewasintroduced.SabbaticalCentresformaninterdisciplinaryriskofthefieldofapplicationbecomingnarrowerandnarrower.Inordertocounterthis,theResearchautomaticallyleadstoincreasingspecialisation.However,thismeansthatthereisacommunitiesTheaimsoftheRoyalAcademiesincludethecreationoflinksbetweenthescientistsoftheBAbeadatacentreandtheoperationalisationofthemultifunctionalship“deZeeleeuw”,sothatitcanmaritimescienceinFlandersandthepolicyrelatedtothis.ItalsocomprisesthedevelopmentofThesubsidyamountsto0.74millionEUR.Thesecreditsservetosupportthecommunityforusedformaritimeresearch.41.01SubsidyfortheRoyalFlemishAcademyofBelgiumforSciencesandArtsandthoseofothercountries,aswellasprovidingadvicetogovernments.groupsforparticulardisciplines.Thisinitiativewillbefurtherdevelopedin2000.subsidyamountsto0.73millionEUR.41.03GrantfortheFlemishCouncilforSciencePolicyScienceandTechnology.grantamountsto0.24millionEUR.41.04Subsidyrelatedtotheinventoryofscientificandtechnologicalresearch(IWETO)allthedisciplines.beconsultedindividuallyortogether:mainlinesandachievementsoftheFlemishresearchteams;researchprojects;servicesandresearchtechniquesprovidedbythirdparties;andtransregionalcooperativeventures;thirdparties. chapterIII.1–47
theUSA,31Mbit/stoAmsterdam,andjust2Mbit/stootherBelgianinternetserviceprovid(particularlyuniversities).Specifically,thisconcernsinternationalconnectionsof6Mbit/storentedfromBelgacom,whicharelinkedbyroutersinstalledattheaccesspointsofBELNETthefederaldepartmentsinvolved.ThisinfrastructureconsistsofanetworkofdigitallinesTomeetthecommunicationneedsoftheresearchworld,BELNETwasestablishedin1993byThesequired.ThebudgetprogrammesalsocompriseactionsforwhichinformationtechnologysupportisretheBA74.02Purchaseofhardwareandsoftwareforevaluation,bibliometrics,theIWETOandprimary,mately17,500additionalPCscanbepurchasedforthe663,000pupilsinthehighestyearsofPC/KDprogramme,bothinprimaryandinsecondaryeducation.ThismeansthatapproxiIn2000,14.87millionEURisbeingprovidedforthecontinuedimplementationofthethisGovernmentofFlanders(www.vlaanderen.be)hasalsoprovidedtargetedinformationaboutsoftwarehaveundertakentoprovidespecialreductions.SinceSeptember,thewebsiteofthetheypurchaseorrenttheproducts.MostlargeICTcompaniesandsuppliersofeducationalandcommunicationtechnologyintheirowntraining.Theschoolsarefreetochoosewhereandsoftware,andfortrainingteacherswhooftenhardlycameintocontactwithinformationmillionEURwasspentonPC/KDin1998.Theschoolscanusetheextrafundsforhardwareone-offpaymentof1,239.47EURwasmadeavailableperschool.Intotal,approximately7.16ceptiontothisrulewasthehospitalschools.Becauseofthelargeturnoverofpupilsthere,a2,377schools)receivedextrafundingforPC/KD:amaximumof16.73EURperpupil.Anex-elaboratedforsecondaryeducationfrom1999.Alltheschoolsinprimaryeducation(atotalofIn1998,theactionprogrammefocusedonprimaryeducation.Aspecificprogrammeisbeingprogramme,schoolshaveno-oronlyverylimited-equipment.ThishasbecomeknownasthePC/KDfromdeveloping,whereanumberofschoolshaveaccesstothemodernadvantages,whileother10pupils”.Inthisway,theactionprogrammewishestopreventatwo-tiersystemofeducationucation,willhave1PCforevery15pupils.By2002,theywishtoachievethenorm,“1PCpersurethatbytheyear2000,thethreehighestyearsinprimaryeducation,andallofsecondaryedintegratethistechnologyintheeducation.Specifically,theGovernmentofFlandersaimstoenwithmoderninformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)inthefairlyshortterm,andprogrammeforseveralyears.ThisprogrammeaimstoequipprimaryandsecondaryschoolsOn23July1998,theGovernmentofFlandersgaveitsapprovaltothePC/KDactionBAThemanagement,andanewwebinterface.ThereengineeringismainlyfundedfromBA74.02.theinformationmodel,withthefurther-reachingcomputerisationofdatacollectionanddata1999sawthestartofathoroughreengineeringofthedatabankforthenextfewyears,updatingefficientadditionalchannelthatenablesDutchandFlemishresearcherstofindeachotherinadirectandIWETO,theFlemishresearchersnowhaveaccesstoDutchdata,andviceversa.ThiscreatedansearchDatabase(NOD).IWETOandNODhaveagreedtoexchangeprojectinformation.ViaTheNetherlandshasdevelopedacomparablesystemonresearchinformation:theDutchReway.0.20millionEURonBA41.04onlyconcernsthesubsidybudgettotheuniversities.60.01Subsidiesrelatedtotheinformationsocietyi.e.,apersonalcomputerforeverypupil.programme.andallofsecondaryeducation.supplyofelectronicdocumentsinclude,interalia:HardwareandsoftwarefortheIWETOresearchdatabank;Hardwareanddatafortheexploitationofthebibliometricdatabank;WebsiteandanalysisoftheFlemishparticipationinthecurrentframeworkprogrammeandotherinternationalscientificprogrammes;Hardwareandsoftwareforthesupplyofelectronicdocuments. chapterIII.1–48
sionofjournals,aswellastheprintedavailable,whichcanbequicklyconsultedbyresearchers.Increasingly,thereisanelectronicverofsubscriptions.Informationtechnologyensuresthatlargefilesofbibliographicaldatabecomemostimportantareundoubtedlytheenormousgrowthinthenumberofjournalsandthepriceversitiesandresearchinstitutesareconfrontedwithanumberofproblemsinthisrespect.TheForresearchers,structuredaccesstotheliteratureisbecomingincreasinglyimportant.TheunientificfocusedonincreasingtheFlemishR&Dpotential,aimstogivetheFlemishuniversitiesandscihighereducation,andscientificinstitutes.ThepolicyoftheGovernmentofFlanders,whichisAnotherpointforattentionisthesupplyofelectronicdocumentstouniversities,institutesofhighestandcommunication.Thereforeafeasibilitystudyisbeingcarriedoutforanetworkwiththeelectronicdatatransmissionplaysanincreasinglyimportantrolein(inter)nationalcooperationThelimitationsoftheBelgiannetworkformaconsiderablehandicapforFlemishresearchers,asopedbeingcarriedoutwith622Mbit/s.IntheUnitedStates,aresearchnetworkisevenbeingdeveltries.InGermanyandtheNetherlands,155Mbit/sarealreadyoperational,andexperimentsareers.Intermsofperformance,Belgiumisthereforelaggingfarbehinditsneighbouringcounwith2.4Gbit/s.possibleperformancefortheFlemishresearchworld.instituteselectronicaccessin1999tobibliographicaldatafilesandjournals.
hardcopy intheRUGhaverecentlygainedsignificantexperienceinmakingsubstantialdatabanksavailableuniversities,VITOandIMECviacentralserversassoonaspossible.BoththeK.U.LeuvenandDuringthefirststage,thelargestdatabase,i.e.,theWebofSciencewillbemadeavailabletotheandTomakethesedatabasesavailable,itwasdecidedtorelyasmuchaspossibleontheexpertiseThereforeThe33,911.83The1998JRCWEBversionfromtheInstituteforScientificInformation.Costprice:Information.WEBOFSCIENCE(2000editionandbacklog1972-1999)fromtheInstituteforScientificThetheavailableviaanetwork.ThisrequiresthenecessaryinvestmentsforthetechnicalrealisationandfriendlythantheCD-ROMs.Thisversion,whichisknownastheWebofScience,canbemadetwiceasmanyjournalsforeachofthethreeindices.Thisproductisalsomuchmoreuser-Information),theproducerofthesedatabases,hasmarketedanewproductthatcontainsaboutinthefieldsconcernedisincreasingallthetime.TheISI(theAmericanInstituteforScientificjournalsarebeingprocessedfortheCD-ROMversionoftheSCI,whilethenumberofjournalsandtosomeextent,thetechnicalsciences.However,fortechnicalreasons,fewerandfewerundoubtedlytheScienceCitationIndex(SCI),whichcoversthenaturalandhumansciences,eitherina“standalone”version,orinanetworkversion.ThemostwidelyusedofthesethreeisCitationIndex,theSocialScienceCitationIndex,andtheArtsandHumanitiesCitationIndex,MostFlemishuniversitylibrarieshaveasubscriptiontotheCD-ROMversionoftheSciencesiderlibrariesoftheuniversitiesandscientificinstitutes.Nevertheless,theFlemishuniversitiescon-bibliographicaldatafilesandelectronicversionsofjournalsisbeyondthefinancialmeansoftheversion.However,makingavailabletheonlinethistobeapriority.purchaseofpowerfulserversforthesenewlibraryfacilities.followingdatabankswerepurchased:Costprice:1,307,454.75EUR.EUR.ERLSILVERPLATTERversionofCurrentContents1999(costprice:173,981.27EUR)ECONLITfrom1969(costprice:20,194.08EUR)ABI/Informfrom1985(costprice:97,659.29EUR)Sociologicalabstractsfrom1963(costprice35,106.28EUR)thetotalcostpriceamountsto1,668,307.53EUR.infrastructureavailableintheFlemishuniversities.anetworkenvironment. chapterIII.1–49
oughlymunicateviaBELNET,oratleastnotalltheirdepartmentscan.Thisproblemwillbethorhighereducationdonothaveaccesstofreeconnection,whichmeansthattheycannotallcomnetworkBELNET.Forthetimebeing,thisconnectionisstillfreeofcharge.Theinstitutesofuniversities,aswellastheIMECandtheVITO,arelinkedtothefederallymanagedelectronictherearestillsomepracticalproblemsfortheinstitutesofhighereducation.AlltheFlemishbeexaminedfurthertomakethesedataavailablecentrallyaswell.Itshouldalsobenotedthatavailabletotheirusersviatheirownlocalnetwork.Inthecourseofnextyear,theprocedurewilleducation,aswellasVITOandIMEC,duringtheinitialstage,sothattheycanmakethesedataTheother,smallerdatabaseswillbemadeavailabletoeveryuniversityandinstituteofhigherdataThisalsoimpliesthattheadministrationnolongerneedstopurchasetheserelativelyexpensiveuseanddevelopthemonitoringsystemforbibliometricanalysiswhichwasdevelopedthere.accesstothesedataintheFlemishScienceandInnovationadministration,toenablethemtocessviatheuniversitywheretheirlaboratoryislocated.Inaddition,threeuserswillalsohave(IMECandVITO)cangainaccessinanefficientway.TheresearchersattheVIBwillhaveaccanbeputonline,andallthepotentialusersattheuniversitiesandthetworesearchinstitutesThereforethesetwouniversitiesarebeingcommissionedtodevelopthesitesothatthesedata(CD-ROMversion)itself.examinedinthenextfewmonthsandsolutionswillbeworkedout.
chapterIII.1–50
chapterIII.1–51
Chapter III.2 Science policy: academic research chapterIII.2 theapprovedanadhocsubsidydecision.ThemainlinesandtheaimsremainthesameasthoseofInanticipationoftheentryintoeffectoftheInnovationDecree,theGovernmentofFlandersfortionofthreeexecutivedecisions.Anexecutivedecisionwillalsohavetobetakenforthesubsidyoftheuniversities.TheInnovationDecreewillbecomeoperationalfollowingtheimplementabeginningof1999,statesthattheGovernmentofFlanderswillsubsidisetheinterfaceactivitiesTheInnovationDecree,whichwasapprovedinprinciplebytheGovernmentofFlandersattheversities.1.27millionEURhasbeenallocatedforBA40.05tosupporttheinterfaceactivitiesoftheuniBA3°thefundingofresearchprojectsandindividualmandatesonthebasisofinteruniversitycom2°thefundingfromtheSpecialResearchFund(BOF);approximately85%ofthefundsmust1°thebasicfundingattheuniversities(“thefirstfunding”-astructuralfundingoftheoperaThecialandhothouseforappliedandpolicy-orientedresearch,andthereforeoftechnologicalandso-Fundamentalresearchhasanessentialplaceinthescientificlandscape.Afterall,itistheseedbedfieldsthatisasbroadaspossible,tomaximisethechancesofnewbreakthroughsordiscoveries.ersthemselves-theaimistogeneratenewknowledge.ThisshouldcoverarangeofscientificNon-orientedfundamentalresearchisbydefinitioncarriedoutontheinitiativeoftheresearch-TheIncialisationFlanders(FWO-Flanders),theSpecialResearchFundsattheuniversities(BOF),andthespementalnon-orientedresearchinFlanders.ThisconcernstheFundforScientificResearch–Programme71.2containsallthecreditsforthemostimportantfundingmechanismsforfundagrantsoftheIWT.addition,therearesomesmalleritemsofexpenditure.expenditurefor2000isestimatedat171.05millionEUR.innovationinthelongterm.fundingoffundamentalresearchtakesplacethroughthefollowingchannels:tionsubsidies)fromtheEducationDepartment,whentheinstitutionsdecideontheallocationofresourcesinternally.Thisisdonewithinthemarginsofthe1991UniversitiesDecree;bespentonthedevelopmentofcentresofexcellence(whichmusthavethepotentialtoexpandattheinternationallevel),butalsoonstartingnew,project-basedresearchinitiatives.Theselectionoftheprojects(andthereforethefocusofitsownresearchlandscape)iscarriedoutwithintheuniversityorbytheresearchcouncils;petition:inthiscase,theintermediaryorgansaretheFundforScientificResearch-FlandersandtheIWT-Flanders.40.05Subsidyforuniversityinterfaceservicesinterfaceactivities.draftinnovationdecree: chapterIII.2–53
• maximumvalorizationoftheknowledgeandexpertisepresentintheuniversitiesforthebenefitoftheFlemisheconomy; • TheadditionalinjectionintoFlemishresearchwasreflectedtosomeextentinasignificantinTheBOFistheinstrumentwithwhichtheuniversitiesimplementtheirownresearchpolicies.BAandTheIWTwillplayacoordinatingrole,whichwillbeexpressedparticularlyintheorganisationThewherestimulatingauniversitycultureinwhichexcellenceineducationandresearchislinked,itisusefulandpossible,toinnovativeenterprise.followingactivitieswillbeeligibleforsubsidies:•thepromotionofthecooperationbetweenuniversitiesandbusinesses,withparticularattentionforFlemishsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs);•thepromotionoftheeconomicvalorizationoftheresearch;•thepromotionoftheestablishmentofspin-offbusinesses.supportofanetworkofinterfaceservices.41.01SubsidyfortheSpecialResearchFund(BOF)attheuniversitiescreaseinthebudgetin1996-1999.TheBOFfundsareusedtofundmanymoreshortandlong-termresearchprojectsineveryuniversityinFlanders.TheinitialcreditsprovidedfortheBOFwereincreasedin1999by13.14million,comparedwiththeinitialbudget,sothattheinitialcreditsamountedto55.60million.Thiswasaprovi-sionalmeasure,becauseitwasfeltnecessarytofirstexaminehowthefundamentalresearchcouldbestrengthenedinthemostefficientway.Followingthebudgetcontrolandafterareor-ganisationofthecreditsinthecourseof1999(transferring6.57millionEURfromtheBOFtoFWOFlanders),thedefinitivecreditsforthatyearfortheBOFamountedto48.98millionEURandfortheFWOFlanders,to90.96millionEUR.For2000,61.21millionEURareprovidedfortheBOF.Inordertoimplementthegovern-mentagreementwhichentailedareductionintheoverallnumberoffundingchannelsandstrengtheningtheBOF,areorganisationofthebudgetfundsof11.64millionEURwasactu-allyintroducedin2000(extracreditsinadditiontotheindexation),interalia,fromtheBAs12.24and12.29(fromprogramme71.1)totheBOF.Thiswasaimedatstrengtheningfundamentalresearchattheinitiativeoftheresearcher,whichshouldbereflectedintheBOFinmoreresearchprojectsandmorestaffattheuniversities-fundedfromthesecondfunding.TheincreaseinthefundsoftheSpecialResearchFundshouldenableuniversitiestoimplementtheirownresearchpolicyandfundresearchinthelongerterm,whichisproposedbymembersoftheirownacademicstaff.Thisisdonetoresolvetheimbalancewhichhadarisenbetweenresearchcarriedoutattheinitiativeoftheresearcherandresearchforwhichtheclientdeterminesthesubject-whichisobviouslyoftenaimedatachievingshort-termobjectives.AsimplificationisalsoanticipatedwithregardtotheDecisionoftheGovernmentofFlandersontheSpecialResearchFund,withparticularattentiondevotedtoflexibilityandqualitycontrol.BA41.02SubsidyfortheIWTrelatedtotheallocationofspecialisationgrantsInthecontextofpostgraduateeducationofyoungresearchersinFlanders,theIWThasgrantedapproximately150grantsfordoctoratessince1994(formerlytheIWONL).ThesegrantsaregivenwiththesponsorshipofFlemishbusinesses.Theevaluationcriteriatakeintoaccounttheapplicabilityoftheresearchresults,withaviewtobuildingbridgesbetweenacademicresearchandindustry.Abudgetof17.23millionEURismadeavailablefortheIWTspecialisationgrantsfortheyear2000. chapterIII.2–54
grantsthepublicandprivatesector.Finally,itawardsandmanagesagement,andtoimprovementsinmanagementpracticeincancontributetothedevelopmentandaknowledgeofmanportstheorganisationandcoordinationofresearchwhichtion,andsimilarly,universityresearch.Inaddition,itsupthedevelopmentandstrengtheningofmanagementeducathescientificandrelatedactivitieswhichcancontributetosearchersinthisdiscipline.OneoftheaimsistosupportallpromoteandcompletethetrainingofprofessorsandreInteruniversityCollegeforManagementSciencesaimsto0.37millionEURhasbeenallocatedtoBA41.04.TheagementBA41.04SubsidyfortheInteruniversityCollegeforManFWObedevotedtothefinancialandscientificmanagementoftheamongstotherthings.Inthisrespect,specialattentionwillthis,theywillappointanexternalcommissionofexperts,mentagreementwillhavetobeevaluatedin2000.TodoBoththeoperationoftheFWOFlandersandthemanage-fromframeworkfortopresearchersandpreventeduniversitiesversities.ThissystemofmandatesrepresentedaparallelFWOwillbetransferredtothebodyofIAPstaffattheuni-Theresearchmandatesofanindeterminateperiodatthegroups,aswellasnetworks,withasufficientlycriticalmass.maintenance,expansionandspecialisationofresearchalsopromotesthecreationofexpertiseandthedevelopment,talresearch,bothinFlandersand(inter)nationally.ThefundThefundwillstimulatescientificcooperationinfundamenvolvingers(intheformofmandates)andsubsidiesforprojectsinThisisused,aboveall,fortheeducationofyoungresearchtoTheinitialbudgetfor2000allocatedtotheFWOamountsbethatthemainlinesofthe1996-2000FWOPolicyPlancouldpaniedbyasubstantialincreaseintheallocation.ThismeantTheconclusionofthemanagementagreementwasaccomwithFlemishCommunity.Ineverycase,thisisinaccordancebythedecree(of12.06.91)relatedtotheuniversitiesoftheforpromotingfundamentalresearchattheinstitutescoveredders.Accordingtothisagreement,thefundisresponsiblementbetweentheFlemishCommunityandtheFWOFlanSince1January1997,therehasbeenamanagementagreeFlandersBA41.03SubsidyfortheFundforScientificResearch-theprovisionsofthestatutesconcerned.implementedinaconstructivewaytoagreatextent90.96millionEUR.fundamentalresearch.implementingawhollyautonomousstaffingpolicy.Flanders.Sciencesfordoctoratesinmanagementsciences. chapterIII.2–55
Chapter III.3 Technology and Innovation Policy chapterIII.3 Thisprogrammeconsistsof2separateparts.Projectsintheprogrammesection,theOneofthebasicobjectivesistoprovideabridgebetweentheworldofresearchandsocietyandbleaddedvalueineconomicorsocialterms,whichisalsoofstrategicimportanceforFlanders.tarysubsidychannelacrossthefieldsofscientificandtechnologicalresearch,withdemonstraTheSTWWprogrammeoftheGovernmentofFlandersaimstobeapermanentcomplemenBAtwoTechnologyCentre,whichopeneditsdoorsatthebeginningof2000.ThetotalcreditontheFTIisresponsiblefortheexploitationofTechnopolis,theinteractiveFlemishScienceandmationwiththeaimof“bringingscienceandtechnologyclosertothepeople”.Inthisway,theTheFoundationFlandersTechnologyInternational(FTI)isactiveinprovidingscientificinfor-BAInternationalBA12.25AvarietyofexpenditureinthecontextoftheagreementwithFlandersTechnologyFortantproblems.Groupingbusinessesaccordingtoaparticulartechnologicalbasisisanotherimpor-edgeandtechnologythatcanproducesolutionsinthemediumtermforeconomicorsocialterm)isofcentralimportance.TechnologicalbasicresearchissupportedasasourceofknowlsupportfortechnologicalinnovationinFlemishindustry(bothintheshortandinthelongofindustrialandsocialresearch,fromindustrialbasicresearchtoprototypedevelopment.TheThe71.3budgetprogramme,“Sciencepolicywithaneconomicfocus”,comprisesthefundingfocusofattention.2000,theexpenditureisestimatedat215.74millionEUR.and33.03SubsidiesfortheFoundationFlandersTechnologyInternationalBAsis2.13millionEUR.12.28StrategicTechnologiesforthepromotionofWell-beingandWelfare(STWW)economy. Technologyand Economy, sectioncapacityforthetechnologyconcernedtobeassimilatedinFlemishindustry.TheprogrammeTheapplicationmustrevealabroadeconomicbasisforindustrialvalidationandanadequateconcernstrategicbasicresearchwithalong-termgroundbreakingeconomiceffect. TechnologyandSociety intendstocoverprojectswhichwillmakeatechnologicalcontri bution to solving social problems, but with an inadequate economic basis in the short tiontionwithregardtotheireligibilityforfurtherdevelopmentwork,theexploitationandapplicaanyautomaticrightstoresults,themembersofthesecommitteesareinanadvantageousposisearchatanearlystage.Althoughmembershipofthecommitteeofusersdoesnotinitselfgivetheyarecloselyinvolvedintheresearchandareinformedaboutrecentdevelopmentsintherethesecommitteeshavepreferentialtreatmentwithregardtotheprovisionofinformation,asTheSTTWprogrammehasanimportantroleforthecommitteesofusers.Themembersofterm.oftheknowledgeacquired. chapterIII.3–57
researchwasalsoadaptedatthebeginningof2000.From2000,VITOhas8centresofexperregion,theVITO’smissionsandstrategywasbroughtuptodate,andtheorganisationoftheFromthepointofviewofthepreparationofanewmanagementagreementwiththeFlemishwith:ments,forthegovernment,industry,andsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses,inparticulartheenvironmentandmaterials,theVITOaimstostimulatesustainabletechnologicaldevelopsearchactivities.Asthelargestandbest-equippedmultidisciplinaryresearchcentreonenergy,Altogether,theVITOwillhaveabudgetof44.94millionEURin2000fortheexecutionofrethiswiththesubsidyof2.50millionEUR,orthedirectcommissionsforresearchfromtheregion,industry,governments,scientificprogrammesandinvestmentssubsidy(ERDF).TogetherInaddition,theVITOalsohas17.17millionEURfromalargenumberofcontractualtasksinEUR.fundingresearchcommissionedbytheFlemishRegion,amountingtoasumof2.50millionget,thissubsidyisdividedbetweenabasicsubsidyof25.28millionEUR,andasubsidyforIn2000,thegrantfortheVITOamountstoatotalof27.82millionEUR.IntheVITObudBAmentsmentagreements.Theoperationandresultsachievedareexplainedindetailbeforetheseagree-betweentheseinstitutesandtheGovernmentofFlandersisdescribedinfive-yearlymanage-relatedtothevalidationanddisseminationoftheirresearchresultsinFlanders.Therelationshipment).Inadditiontotheirresearchtasks,thesethreeinstitutesalsohavepreciselydefinedtasks(microelectronics),theVIB(biotechnology)andtheVITO(materials,energyandtheenviron-strategicbasicresearchinalimitednumberoffieldsthroughtheresearchinstitutes,theIMECInalimitednumberoffields,theGovernmentofFlandersisprovidingstructuralsupportforBAstheSpecialUniversityResearchFunds(programme71.2,BA41.01)toreinforcebasicresearchatwhichtheactionstarted.Thefundsreleasedasaresult(6.2millionEUR)wereaddedtotheThefundsforthisprogrammewerereducedtoalevelcomparabletothatof1998,theyearinwhichaminedinordertoachieveafocus.Athoroughexaminationoftheobjectivesandofthewayincomplexandtooauthoritative.Therefore,themostsuitableorganisationalstructurewillbeexAlthoughtheSTWWmeetsarealneed,itwasalsofoundthatitsimplementationisbothtooatedThe1999appealoftheSTWWprogrammewasdecidedattheendoftheyearandwillbeevalucommitteesriculture”.Inaddition,alargenumberofsocialorganisationsobviouslyalsoparticipateinthein1998.Theemphasisinthisconsistsofthedepartmentallinesofresearch,“logistics”and“agvolvedinthecommitteeofusersofthe11subsidisedT&MprojectsoftheSTWWapplicationsinthecommitteeofusersofthreeSTWWprojects.Inaddition,18Flemishbusinessesareinapplications.4ofthesetookpartin2STWWprojects.Finally,3FlemishbusinessestookpartdifferentFlemishbusinessesparticipatedinthe15T&Eprojectsapprovedfromthe1998andEconomy”(T&E),and11projectsinthesection“TechnologyandSociety”(T&M).541999wereusedforthis.15oftheseprojectsfallundertheprogrammesection,“Technologyoverallsumof17.15millionEUR.Thebudgetfundsof1998,aswellaspartofthefundsofThe1998appealoftheSTWWprogrammeledtosubsidiesfor26projectsamountingtoanofusersinthesubsidisedT&Mprojects.inmoredetailandselectedduringthecourseof2000.theyareimplementedwillbecarriedoutinthecourseof2000.universities.31.02,33.01and33.02VITO,IMEC,VIBareextended.31.02GrantfortheVITOamountsto19.67millionEURthatithasreceiveditself.•researchandadviceinsupportofpolicyfortheGovernmentofFlanders;•thedevelopmentofinnovativeandsustainableproductsandprocesses;•targetedcontractualresearchandspecialisedanalyses,measurementsandaudits;•high-riskresearchwithanindustrialfocus;•thetransferofknowledgeandtechnology.tise.Theresearchactivities,forwhichtheinnovativecharacterandindustrialimportanceare chapterIII.3–58
Projectgroup:electricaltechnology: adaptingnologyandonmarketapplicationsformonitoring,dimming(power-linecontrol)and(ELGADI),therestoftheresearchanddevelopmentfocusesontheapplicationsofthistech-lighting.AfterconcludingthefirstdevelopmentofelectronicballastsforexteriorlightingTheactivitiesofthisprojectgroupmainlylieinthefields,powerelectronics,generatorsandthenewcapacitiesortypesoflamps(othersystemsforusingdaylight). • Project
“MeasurementandEvaluation,“M&E”department
chapterIII.3–59
themostimportantdrivingforces,fallunderthe “InnovationandRenovation,“I&R”de partment Theenvironmentalals,andcomprisesfourfieldsofexpertise,viz.:energytechnology,materialtechnology,.Thisdepartmentfocusesontheresearchfields,energy,theenvironmentandmateritechnologyandprocesstechnology.
pertisetorarealsoexaminedinthiscentreofexpertise.Themostimportanttasksofthiscentreofex-sources.Thereductionoftheactualuseofenergyandtheactualemissionsinthetransportsec-rationaluseofenergyandthebestpossibleallocationoftheavailableorrenewableenergybuildersofequipment,thefinalconsumersandthegovernmentintheirattemptstoachieveaThecentreofexpertiseforEnergytechnology(ETE)supportstheproducersofenergy,thebriefprojectgroups.However,thesummaryofthespecificactionsfor2000arenotincludedinthisisgivenbelowofthemostimportantactivitiesforeachcentreofexpertiseandtheirrespectivepertise,boththebasicobjectivesandtherelatedactionswereclarified.Inthislight,asummarysearchandinnovationinaccordancewiththecurrentstrategicprospects.Foreverycentreofexadoptingabottom-upapproachandsubjecttothemonitoringofthecontentofthecurrentreFortherespectivecentresofexpertise,adetailedbudgetprogrammewasdrawnupfor2000,ments,comprisesfourcentresofexpertise,viz.:totalenvironmentalstudies,environmentalmeasuregardtothequalityoftheenvironment(water,soil,air,health,food).Thisdepartmentalsopolicy,whileontheotherhand,innovativeandproactiveresearchisalsocarriedoutwithrementalfieldofresearch,withanemphasis,ontheonehand,onthesupportandpreparationoffocusesmainlyontheenvironteledetectionandatmosphericprocesses,andenvironmentaltoxicology.summary.arecarriedoutinfiveprojectgroups.• group: thermal techniques: minienergy(highreturnsandcondensationboilers,solarcollectors,PVpanels,heatpumpsandforsmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesinthefieldofeconomicaltechnologyandrenewableofCOandburningtimes.Inaddition,demonstrationsandadviceareprovidedparticularlynomicfeasibilityofadetection/warningsystemforproblemsofcondensation,theemissiontems(traditionalheatingsystems),andontheotherhand,testingthetechnicalandecohand,activitiessuchasthedetection,notificationandadaptivemonitoringofthermalsysThethermo-technicallaboratoryhasacentralplaceinthisprojectgroup,withontheonecombinedheatandpower).
• Project group: underground energy sources: beingreau.Asaresultofthecoldandheatstorage,thedevelopmentofhightemperaturestorageismalcommercialactivity,anditisthereforebeingconsideredtoestablishaspin-offstudybustorageofenergyintheground.Thestorageofcold/heatinaquifersisdevelopingasanoruralgasorproblematicmaterials).Thisprojectgroupalsodealswithactivitiesrelatedtothegroundstorageofgreenhousegases,andrecyclingundergroundareasforthestorageofnatforusingtheFlemishundergroundresources(extractinggasfromcoalbeds,theunderfornewprojects.ThistaskhasnowbeenextendedwithresearchintoalternativepossibilitiesupandupdatethegeologicalandminingarchivesofMijnenNV,andtheiruseasthebasiswhichwasestablishedin1966.ThemaintaskoftheCentreofExpertisewasinitiallytodrawThecoreofthisprojectgroupisthe“CentreofExpertiseforUndergroundEnergySources”,started(HTO40º...80ºC)intheground.
• Project group: product and tool development: economicalwithenergyandenvironmentallyfriendly,aswellasthedevelopmentoftools,theautomotivesector.Developmentofproducts(suchasdraglinecomponents),whichareThefirsttargetgroupofthisprojectgroupisindustry,anditaimstosupportinnovationsin
• Projectgroup:ceramicmaterialsandpowdermetallurgy: eralpowdertreatmentcanalsobedirectlyimplementedinthefieldofpowdermetallurgy.Sev(non-toxicbinders,thermallayering,alternativeactivationmethods).Theavailableexpertiseals)usingwetproductionprocesses(gelcasting)andtheinnovativeprocessesrelatedtothistratedonthemanufactureofceramiccomponents(foamstructures,electro-ceramicmateriTheVITO’sownresearchactivitiesinthefieldofalternativedesigntechnologyareconcenlargeFlemishbusinessesareinterestedinthis.
• Project
chapterIII.3–60
Project group surface technology: processesvatingsurfaces.Thestrategicresearchiscarriedoutonthedevelopmentofglow-dischargetechniques.Theapplicationsarefocusedondepositsofcoveringlayers,andetchingandacti-cesses,DLCtechnology),wetchemical“sol-gel”methodsandsputteringandevaporationfaceprocessesusingvacuum-supportedandatmosphericplasmaprocesses(PACVDpro-Inthenextthreeyears,theprojectgroupsurfacetechnologywillbeactiveinthefieldofsur-forsurfacetreatmentunderatmosphericpressure(APCVD).
• Projectgroup:adviceandanalysisofmaterials: activities.qualitysystem(qualitycontrolandqualityassurance),aswellastherelatedstandardisationsearch,andmechanicaltesting.From2000,astartwillbemadeonthedevelopmentofaforavarietyofstrategicandexternallyfundedresearchprojects,withmicrostructureremicrostructureresearchandmechanicalandtribologicaltests.IntheVITO,thereissupportTheactivitiesofthissupportiveprojectgroupcompriseadvice&supervision,expertise,
ganisation“FlandersDrive”networkistheappropriatechannel,whileattheEuropeanlevel,theortagewillbeaccompaniedbyanactiveapproachtothemarket.AttheFlemishlevel,thearethecentralactivities.BuildingupallthisexpertiseandexpandingthetechnologicalheriEUCARwillbeanimportantpartner. group: information programmes and providing advice: Forthecentreofexpertise,MaterialTechnology(MAT),thebasictaskconsistsoftheintroductise.encingfactors).Measuringvehiclesisnotanaiminitself,butawayofexpandingtheexperconsumptionandthefactorswhichinfluencethecorrespondingemissionsofvehicles(influfocuses,aboveall,ontheacquisitionofinsightsandexpertiserelatedtotheactualenergypertisecentre),withaviewtofasterpenetration.Thetechnologicaladvicethatisprovidedlicofenergyconsumersviainternationalornationalnetworks(Caddet,OPET,biomassexIntheinformationprogrammes,newtechnologieswillbepresentedtoabroadgeneralpubtionandimplementationofsustainable,innovativematerialsandtherelatedprocessestomeettheneedsoftheindustrialsociety.Atthesametime,attemptsaremadetoachieveenvironmentally-friendlyaspectssuchasimprovingthequalityandlifeofproducts,restrictingtheconsumptionofprimaryrawmaterials,improvingtheefficiencyofproductionsystemsandsavingenergybyreducingfrictionandweightreduction.Inthecentreofexpertise,fourtechnologicalprojectgroupsandonesupportingprojectgroupareactive.•
• Project group: aluminium technology: cessprocesses,theIWTsubsidisescooperationwithfourFlemishsmeltersintheproject“PROsodiumtoliquidaluminium(COSMAproject).Withregardtooptimalisingthesmeltingprocesses.Inthesmeltingmetallurgy,moreworkisbeingcarriedoutinthefieldofaddingindustry(improvingprocesses),andalsooninnovationstosimplify(partsof)metallurgicalThealuminiumtechnologyprojectgroupfocusesonindustrialprocessesinthealuminiumControlinAluminiumSmelting,PROCIAS”.
• Project group: laser applications: ofi.e.,applyingathick,anti-wearandtearlayer,resistanttocorrosion,andthelocalhardeningthickcomponents.Thestrategicresearchisconcentratedonsurfacetreatmentswithlaser,surfacetreatment.TheVITOinfrastructureissuitableforthelaserweldingofboththinandriedout,asinsimilarforeigncentres(inGermany),withanemphasisonlaserweldingandabroadrangeoflaserapplicationsinthefuture.Thismeansthatappliedresearchcanbecar-vestmentsinhighqualitylaserequipmentin1999and2000willmakeitpossibletoprovideInthenextfewyears,theVITOaimstobecometheFlemishcentreforlasertechnology.In-componentswithlaser.
• Project group: waste and air: technology(supercriticalfluidreactors)andprocessoptimalisation.Thesedevelopmentactiviproductandprocessinnovation,particularlyinthefieldsofmembranetechnology,reactorThemissionofthecentreofexpertise,“Processtechnology”(PRO)istosupportindustrialwaste.medium-sizedbusinesseswithregardtotheproblemsofodouremissionandprocessingThewasteandairprojectgroupfocusesontheneed/demandofcompaniesandsmallandThisgroupfocusesmainlyonprovidingservicesandinternalcooperation.tiesaredividedoverthreeprojectgroups:•
• Project group: cleaning the soil: developmentoperationsofBTEX,mineraloilsandpercholoride).Thestrategicresearchfocusesonthesaturatedareas(developmentofnewexpertiseonnaturalattenuationandinsitucleaningupjectsforsoilpollutedwithheavymetalsandorganicpollutants),andontheotherhand,onprisestheactionsfocused,ontheonehand,onunsaturatedareas(phytoremediationpro-concentratedoninsitucleaning-upoperations.Thisinsitucleaning-uptechnologycom-vicestothegovernmentandindustry.From2000,theactivitiesofthisprojectgroupwillbedrydustreactors,hydrocyclonage,andinsiturespirationtestsisvalidatedbymeansofser-cleanupsoilexsitu.Theexpertiseacquiredwithregardtowashingthesoil,“slurry”reactors,Inrecentyears,testsystemshavebeendeveloped(inlaboratoriesandforpilotstudies)toofreactivewallsandbioscreens.
Project group: technological services: specificficationofwaterandthesoil.ThisinfrastructureallowsforthepossibilityofcarryingoutsupportofERDFandtheFlemishRegion)ininfrastructure,focusingaboveall,onthepuriIntherecentpast,importantinvestmentshavebeenmadebytheProdemproject(withtheappliedtechnologicalresearch,bothonapilotandonalaboratoryscale.
Projectgroup:membranetechnology: filtrationsearchfocuses,aboveall,onceramicnano-filtrationandthedevelopmentofaceramicnano-dium-sizedbusinesses,largecompaniesandpublicutilitiescompanies.ThestrategicremembranetechnologybuiltupduringthelastfewyearsavailabletoFlemishsmallandmehand,thesubgroup,membraneprocesses,hasthemainaimofmakingtheknowledgeonoutonthefurtheroptimalisationoforgano-mineralmembranesandseparators.Ontheonetothespin-offcompanyPMT.InadditiontotheservicesforPMT,workisstillbeingcarriedresearchactivitiesonmembranedevelopment,asalogicalresultofthetransferofexpertisesubgroup,membraneselectionandcharacterisation,decidedin1999toterminateitsowntems.Thecorrectselectionandcharacterisationofmembranesisalsoveryimportant.Theprocessesincomparisonwithothertraditionaldivisiontechnologies,includinghybridsysTheprojectgroup,membranetechnology,placesanemphasisonthestudiesofmembranemembranehasbeenestablishedforthispurpose. fluid-gassystems).Thefocusinthisisonthesynthesisofhighqualityproducts(pharmaceunomicfeasibilityofhybridreactors(inparticular,membranereactorsforfluid-fluidandfluids(SCF).ThesecondsectionoftheprojectgroupinvestigatesthetechnicalandecoThereactortechnologyprojectgroupaimstodevelopanewtechnology,viz.,supercritical
• Project group: waste water treatment: nownology.Thesystemsdevelopedinthepast(BICMER,inoculatedsandfilters)areonlyusedments,nitroaromatics,etc.)andrecyclingandreusingwaterbymeansofmembranetechwhicharedifficulttobreakdown(herbicides,pesticides,pharmaceuticalproducts,pigtirelyonthesustainableuseofwater,withattentiondevotedtothedestructionofpollutantsEnvironmentaltechnologicalresearchinthefieldofthetreatmentofwastewaterfocusesenfordemonstrationsorapplied“fullscale”.
chapterIII.3–61
soilbecontinuedwithspecificattentionforthepurificationof(waste)water,andcleaningpollutedmenttechniques.Inaddition,thedevelopment/validationofnewindustrialtechnologieswillintroductionofenvironmentally-friendlyandeconomicallyjustifiedproductionandmanageabove,alltechnologicalsupportofcompaniesandsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses,inthecentreofreferenceinFlandersforthepromotion,demonstrationandadviceonthelogistic,andInthelongterm,thecentreofexpertiseonEnvironmentaltechnology(MIT)aimstoserveasaandsilt.Thiscentreofexpertisecomprisesthreeprojectgroups.•
• Project group: reactor technology:
• Project group: process optimalisation: Thecentreofexpertise,IntegratedEnvironmentalStudies(IMS),developsandimplementsiningoptimalisation).Tomeettheseneeds,twoaspectshavebeenselected:pinchanalysis(focusandlong-termopportunities(theinfluenceofwaterqualityonintegratedwaterandenergytherecycling/reuseofwaterinindustrialprocessessuchascoolingandwashingoperations)termopportunities(large-scalewatersavingprojects,closedcircuitsystems/technologiesforboththeprevailingandthefutureneedsofthemarket.Inthisrespect,therearebothshort-Thisprojectgroupfocusesontheoptimalisationofindustrialprocesses,takingintoaccountonwaterandenergy)andprocesssimulation(separationtechniques).tegratedevaluationmethodsandmanagementconceptswithaviewtothesustainableuseofrawmaterials,energyandtheenvironment.Thetasksofthecentreofexpertisecomprisethedevelopmentofintegratedevaluationandmanagementsystems,performinganalysesandevaluationsofconcreteproblemsrelatedtoenergyandecologyandthetranslationoftheseresultsinpolicyrecommendationsandmeasureswhichcanberealisticallyachieved.Theactivitiesareorganisedinsixprojectgroups.•
• Project group: BBT centre of expertise/EMIS: thetheInternet,toabroadrangeofinterestedparties.Permanentqualitycontrolandupdatingmentally-friendlytechniquesandenvironmentalsystemsanddisseminatesthis,mainlyviaInformationSystem(EMIS)activelycollectsinformationonenergy-efficientandenvironniquestotheGovernmentofFlandersandindustry.TheEnergyandEnvironmenttise)isresponsibleforcollecting,evaluatinganddisseminatinginformationoncleantechgeneralpublic.ThecentreofexpertiseforBestAvailableTechniques(BBTcentreofexpermakesthemavailabletobusinessandindustry,thegovernment,researchinstitutes,andthe(EMIS),whichcollectskeydatarelatedtoenergyandtheenvironment,processesthemandronmentalpolicy.Inaddition,itsupportstheEnergyandEnvironmentInformationSystemFlandersinthefieldofcleantechnology,andservesasacatalystforamodernindustrialenvi-TheBBTprojectgroup-EMIScentreofexpertiseisthecentreforadviceandreferenceininformationprovidedisofstrategicimportancefortheEMIS.
catalyststicalandchemicalproducts)andtherecoveryofhighquality(enantioselective)homogenouslinkedtonanofiltration.
Project group: product and technology studies: yses,development(DTO).Todothis,usewillbemadeoftheavailableexpertiseonlifecycleanal-tionsinthefieldoftechnologyandsocietyinthecontextofsustainabletechnologicaltionwiththis,researchwillbecarriedoutandrecommendationswillbeformulatedonques-materialsandenergy),andintroducetheminindustryandgovernmentpolicy.Inconnec-(themanagementofproductchainsandmaterialsonthebasisofthesustainableuseofrawThetaskoftheproductgroupistotesttheconceptoftotalchainmanagementinpractice“ecodesign”and“technologyassessment”.
• Project group: risk evaluation and the costs of environmental damage: creasecreaseinthefieldsofapplicationofriskevaluation(morepollutantsandeffects),andaninenvironmentaldamagerelatedtoenergy.Inthemediumterm,theaimisforaselectiveinitscurrentexpertiseandpositioninthetwospearheadfields:soilpollutionandthecostsofrelatedtoenergyandairpollution.Intheshortterm,theprojectgroupaimstoconsolidatepollutionandlife-cycleimpactanalysis(LCIA),aswellasthecostsofenvironmentaldamagetiononmanandnature,andappliestheminaclient-orientedway.SpearheadfieldsaresoilThisprojectgroupsdevelopsmethodstoevaluatetheconsequencesofenvironmentalpolluinexpertise(modelling,effects,evaluation).
chapterIII.3–62
• Project group: strategies for the reduction of emissions: portgovernmentandindustryonenvironmentalandgovernmentplanningandanalysesinsupWiththehelpofvariousmodels(includingMarkal),thisprojectgroupprovidesservicesforofpolicy,emphasisingreductionsinemissions.
• Project group: soil and water pollution: ationscarriedoutinaccordancewiththeFlemishdecreeoncleaningthesoilandVlarebo,Thegrouphasextensiveexpertiseinthisfield,interalia,withregardtosoilstudiesandevaluThisprojectgroupcollectstogethertheactivitieswithregardtosoilandwaterpollution.
• Project group: organic analyses: cations.nalanalysisservices,ownmethodologicalresearch),subjecttoanumberofspecificmodifiisexpectedthatitsordinaryactivitieswillbenormalised(referencetasks,internalandexterproveitselfasanextremelyreliableandprofessionalpartnerforthegovernment.In2000,ittuallyexclusivelyworkingforthefederalgovernment.Inthisway,thelaboratorywasabletofar-reachingeffectsforthisprojectgroup.Duringthisperiod,theentirelaboratorywasvir-proachtothequalityandreliabilityoftheresultsproduced.Thedioxincrisisof1999hadtheexistingorinthedevelopmentofnewmethodsofanalysisandanextremelyalertap-oratory,intheFlemishandEuropeancontext.ThistaskrequiresaconstantimprovementinThestrategyoftheprojectgroup“organicanalyses”istoremainatthetopasareferencelab-
simulations.forexpertiseinthecontextofVlaremandVlarea,andforhydrogeologicalmodelstudiesand Project group: waste materials and secondary raw materials: centreserveasapreferredcontactpointfortheEuropeanprogrammeonenvironmentalanalysis.Thisinitstaskasareferencelaboratory.IntheEuropeancontext,thecentreofexpertiseaimstoureandanalyseenvironmentalpollution”.IntheFlemishcontext,thisisdoneinconcretetermsThemaintasksofthecentreofexpertise,EnvironmentalMeasurements(MIM),areto“measgroupssearchprogrammes(5identificationofwastematerials/secondaryrawmaterials,byparticipatinginEuropeanreFor2000,actionshavebeenplannedforthefurtherinternationalcentreforresearchintothesecondarytalhygienecharacterisationandtheevaluationofagrowingnumberof“prospectivedustryandgovernment,asanindependentadvisorybodyforsettingstandards,environmenTheprojectgroup,wastematerials&secondaryrawmaterials,servesasalinkbetweeninrawmaterials”.thframeworkprogramme),throughthestandardisationworking(CEN/TC292),andbycooperationwithforeignresearchinstitutes(ECN,VKI).ofexpertisehasfourprojectgroups.• group: anorganic analyses:
• Project group: gas analysis: particularlyjectswithaddedvalueintermsofcontentandinscientificterms,inaEuropeancontext,gardtoairpollutioninworkplaces.Thismeansparticipatinginanumberofresearchproresearchofthelastfewyears.ThestrategyofthelastfewyearswillalsobecontinuedwithreThestrategyoftheprojectgroupforgasanalysiswillmainlyconsistofcontinuingthelineofattheleveloftheECSM&T(StandardMeasurements&Testing).
•
linkednalservicesareprovidedonlyinsofarastheyareofaspecialistnature,and/oraredirectlyextremelyalertapproachtothequalityandreliabilityoftheresultsthatareproduced.Exter-provementintheexistingmethodsorinthedevelopmentofnewmethodsofanalysis,andanmentallaboratoryintheFlemishandEuropeancontext.ThistaskassumesaconstantimThestrategyoftheprojectgroup“anorganicanalyses”istoremainatthetopasanenvirontothegroup’sownanalyticalresearch.
Project
• Project group: environmental atmospheric diagnostics: studies.tionoftheseproductsinscientificresearch,environmentalmonitoringandpolicy-orientedphasisisontheaddedvalueofsatelliterecordings,viathemaximumdistributionandintegraphericprocessesandtheuseofteledetectiontomonitortheenvironment.Increasingly,theemtainableandinternationallyrecognisedcontributiontothemodellingofterrestrialandatmos-Thecentreofexpertise,TeledetectionandAtmosphericProcesses(TAP),aimstomakeasusattention.mentsonemissions.Forseveralyears,thenuisancecausedbyodourshasbeenanewfocusofgardtotheacquisitionofindustrial(andgovernment)commissionstocarryoutmeasuregroupforgasanalyses.Inaddition,thereisanimportanttaskforthisprojectgroupwithreareofprimeimportance,andthesearecarriedoutincloseconsultationwiththeprojectForthisprojectgroup,thetasksinthecontextofthereferencelaboratoryfortheatmosphereTherearethreeprojectgroups.• Project group: teledetection: TheTeledetectionprojectgroupdevelops,demonstratesandimplementsapplicationsfor chapterIII.3–63
vegetation.changesinlanduse,andtheimpactofenvironmentaldisruptionorhumaninterventiononuseofteledetectionforidentifyinglandcover,estimatingproductivityofcrops,calculatingandindustry,inBelgiumandabroad.Theprojectgroupmainlyconductsresearchintothetheobservationoftheearthforenvironmentalmonitoringinprojectsforthegovernment
• Projectgroup:imaging: Thementshand,carriesoutenvironmentalimpactevaluationsinwhichtheeffectoftargetedmeasure-environment,onbehalfofthepolicymakersandconcernedpartiesinindustry,andontheotherchemicalproductsandenvironmentalpollutionforhumanhealthandotherorganismsintheThecentreofexpertisefor“environmentaltoxicology”,ontheonehand,evaluatestherisksofVGT2productionchain,andtotheimageproductsforthesecondgenerationsensor(SPOT-coordinationofthewholeimageproduction.Inaddition,improvementsaremadetotheistheexploitationofthegroundsectorforimagingandarchivingofSPOT-VGT,andthequalityguarantee,aclient-friendlyserviceandaninternationalreputation.Themainactivitychivingofteledetectiondatainimageform,withtechnicalandscientificaddedvalue,withaTheimagingprojectgroupisdevelopingandexploitingfacilitiesfortheprocessingandar-launchin2002).isacentralelement.activitiesofthiscentreofexpertisearedividedovertwoprojectgroups.•
Projectgroup:health: sphericTheresearchwillalsobecontinuedincurrentfieldsofinterest,suchastheeffectsofatmo-mans.Inaddition,theexpertiseontheeffectsofnon-ionisingradiationisfurthervalidated.Thisprojectgroupevaluatestheharmfulinfluencesofchemical/physicalpollutiononhu-pollution,harmfulhormonalelements,dioxinsandPCBs. • Projectgroup:eco-toxicology: lishmentofthe“IT-Partnersventurecapitalfund”,IMECalsotookaremarkableinitiativecreasingnumberofpatentapplicationsandlicensingagreements.Inaddition,withtheestabIMECplaysapioneeringroleinthevalidationofresearchresults.Thisisalsoreflectedinaninproductsandmedium-sizedbusinesses)toinnovatebyimplementinginformationtechnologyintheirmentofFlanderswith1.24millionEUR,aimstohelpFlemishbusinesses(particularlysmallIMEC,WTCMandFabrimetal-Flanders.Thisinitiative,whichissubsidisedbytheGovernInaddition,thenon-profit-makingorganisation,“KMOIT-Centrum”,wasestablishedbycomethroughcontactswithbusinesses,andtogivebusinesses,fortheirpart,theopportunitytoatwofoldaim:togiveIMECresearcherstheopportunitytoexplorethedemandsofthemarket“FlemishBusinessDay”.Thiseventendeavourstobe“market-oriented”,andisorganisedwithresearchrequirementsofFlemishindustry.Forthispurpose,IMECannuallyorganisesaelectronicsandinformationtechnology.Inthisrespect,specialattentionisdevotedtothesidyistosupportIMECinitsR&Dtasksrelatedtofutureindustrialneedsinthefieldofmicroprofit-makingorganisationIMEC,amountsto28.29millionEUR.ThemainaimofthissubOnthebasisofthe1996-2001managementagreement,thesubsidyfor2000forthenon-BAGLPonorganismsintheenvironment.Inaddition,theseeco-toxicitytestsarealsoused(underThekeytaskofthisprojectgroupconsistsoftracingandevaluatingtheeffectsofsubstancesconditions)togaugetheenvironmentalsafetyofproducts.33.01SubsidiesforIMECintocontactwithpossibleinnovativeapplications.andprocesses. chapterIII.3–64
• Projectgroup:atmosphericprocesses: strategicallyciallyonthedioxinproblem.ThecontinueddevelopmentoftheurbanmodelAURORAisaincreasinglymovingtowardsozoneandtheemissionofparticlesandforFlanders,itisespenologyataninternationallevel.Thefocusofattentionintheenvironmentalpolicyiscal,urbanandregionallevelinprojectsforgovernmentandindustryandvalidatesthetechTheprojectgroupAtmosphericProcessesmodelsandevaluatesthequalityoftheairataloimportantprojectinthisrespect.
InthegeneralevolutionofIMEC,itispossibletodistinguishthreecyclesuptonow,asindiAllprogrammes,nesses,multilateralEuropeanco-operationinthecontextofotherEuropeanframeworkforcontractualresearch.Thisparticularlyconcernsbilateralcontractswithinternationalbusi-ThefollowingtableillustratesafurtherbreakdownoftheevolutionoftheinternationalincomeAllFlanders.othercontractualincome-followedbytheevolutionofthesubsidyfromtheGovernmentofIMEChasco-operatedinrecentyears;therelatedcontractualincome(inmillionsofEUR)andThetablebelowillustratestheevolutionofthenumberofFlemishbusinesseswithwhichogysector.Furthermore,in1999,theeighteenthspin-offcompanyofIMECwasestablished.whichbenefitsbusinessesstartingupandfast-growingbusinessesintheinformationtechnolthefiguresareshowninmillionsofEUR.NumberofFlemishContractualpartnersOthercontractualincome(millionsofEUR)IncomefromGovernmentFlandersOtherGrant(millionsofEUR)1995369.5413.5824.3219965211.2317.9224.3219976212.5022.6527.0519986512.0226.5027.5919997013.6028.9027.95andcontractualresearchcommissionedbytheESA.theamountsareshowninmillionsofEUR.BilateralinternationalindustryEUESA19953.896.452.0619965.558.402.1819978.0811.632.11199811.2312.621.64199918.288.311.06catedinthefigurebelow: chapterIII.3–65
firstdivision Thegatesearchincertainprocessmodules:opticallithography,siliconcleaningmethods,newhigh-kdevelopssubmicronICprocesstechnology.Itcarriesoutveryadvancedrematerials,interconnectiontechnology,andsalicides. seconddivision integrates these exploratory steps in integrated processes for Theliability.processdevelopmentissupportedbyspecialisedresearchinthefieldofphysicalanalysisandre-andalsotogouptothelevelofthe“proofofconcept”and“demonstraters”.Inaddition,thementastronghorizontalintegration(sensors,microsystems,RF,non-volatilememories…),Thisbasictechnology,aswellastheclean-roominfrastructure,makesitalsopossibletoimple-200largeinvestmentsweremadeinthepilotlinetoswitchovertosiliconwaferswithadiameterof‘s,foranalogueandcombinedanalogue-digitalIC‘sandfornon-volatilememories.In1999,IC’s.VariousICprocessesarebeingdevelopedatthesametime:fordeepsubmicrondigitalICCMOSmm,ascurrentlyrequiredinindustry. thirddivision carries out R&D activities on: (a)Sensors and (c)Packagingandinterconnectiontechnology:MCM-D(MultichipModuleonthebasisof(b)Newmaterialsandcomponents:Examplesofthisaretheresearchintomagneticmemoriesqualityasthetraditional,complexandmoreexpensiveCCDcameras.AllsortsofmicrosysOneoftherecentdevelopmentsconcernsaCMOSvideorecorderwiththesamepicturesystems:temsforapplicationsinthepharmaceuticalandmedicalworldarebeingdevelopedincooperationwithbusinesses.Theaspectofreliabilityisalsobeingtakenintoaccount.(MRAM),theresearchintoInSbAsmaterialfornon-cooledinfra-reddetectors,highlyefficientlight-emittingdiodesetc.Inaddition,long-termresearchisbeingcarriedoutinthefieldofnanotechnologyandmolecularelectronics.thinfilmtechniques)researchfocusesparticularlyoncombinedRF/digitalapplications,integratingpassiveormicrowavecomponents. chapterIII.3–66
TheThenon-payrollOn31December1999,IMEChad908employees.Thisnumbercomprisesbothpayrollandaco-ownedresultsinthefieldofICTdevelopments,beingpartofIMEC‘sIPRmodel,providesinganincreasinglyimportantparameterforcommercialsuccess.TheincorporationofcrucialAfterall,thisexpertiseandcriticalmassguaranteesafaster“time-to-market”,whichisbecom(4)international(3)co-fundingbytheinternationalcommunity,whichmakesitpossibletodevelopacritical(2)a(1)acommunicationformation”).Inturn,thisattractsnewco-operationwiththeworldleadersininformationandsearch,atechnologicalportfolioisdevelopedinCycle1(IMECexpertiseor“BackgroundInBecauseofafar-reachingpolicywithregardtotheownershipoftheresultsfromcontractualretechnology(cycle2),whichgivesIMECfouradvantages:goodinsightintofutureindustrialneedsclearviewonindustrial“roadmaps”andtechnological“windowsopportunity”massforgroundbreakingresearch.exposure,allowingIMECtoattractinternationaltalent.perfectfeedbacktoFlandersanditsICTindustrialtissue(cycle3).employees(guestresearchers).researchandthedevelopmentactivitiesofIMECareorganisedinfiveR&Ddivisions.
The fourthdivision
• LanguageValley(FLV).TheintentionistouseIMEC’sexpertisetoimplementspeechandlanDSPexpertsamongstitsmembers.In1999,IMECdecidedtoestablishanofficeinFlandersthemeof(digital)signalprocessinginthe“DSPValley”cluster.Thisnowhasmorethan1,100Thefirstgroupisthatofsystem-orientedcompanies.AnumberofcompaniesfocusontheindustrialisationWiththeR&Dresultsfromtheabove-mentionedresearch,IMECisimplementingatargetedapproximatelyandrefreshercoursesforoperators,techniciansandengineersintheICTindustry.In1999,MicroelectronicsTrainingCentre,whichprovidesabroadrangeoftrainingprogrammesattheprofessionallevel,animportantstepwastakenin1999withtheestablishmentofthe1,200peoplehadadditionaltrainingthroughthischannel.strategybasedonfourelements(seefigure):guagetechnologyinvariousDSP-basedapplicationsforFLVcompanies.
chapterIII.3–67
fifthdivision focusesontrainingandrefreshercoursesforICTspecialists.Thisactivitytakes place at different levels: • neers,technicalsupportandsupportintermsofcontentareprovidedfortrainingICdesignengiatthelevelofhighereducation(universitiesandinstitutesofhighertechnicaleducation),coveringboththehardwareandsoftwareaspects;
Theoverlappingofthedifferentsectors(computers,consumerelectronicsandcommunicalarlycombinationofsubmicronVLSItechnologyanddigitalsignalprocessing,andfocusesparticuisdevelopingnewdesignmethodologiesforcomplexsystemsrelatedtotheontworesearchapplications:•newdesignmethodsforsystemintegration,basedonrecentconcepts,suchas“system-on-chip”and“system-in-package”;•systemresearchbasedonthe“intelligenthouse”(intelligentaccessmodems,WLANs,MPEG-4).tion)hasresultedinrapidlygrowingmarketsforpersonalcommunication,multimedia,andbroadbandnetworks.Chipsarebecomingcompletesystems:theresultofaspecialisedteam,composedofhardwareandsoftwaredesignersandapplicationengineers.Thisdepartmentalsohasastrongtraditionofspin-offs.The
The second group follows a fourfold strategy:
MicroelectronicsAdvisoryGroup,Recommendationon“SemiconductorPackaging”, sults,mainareas:strategicbasicresearchanditsinternationalscope,valorizationoftheresearchreagementagreementbetweentheGovernmentofFlandersandtheVIB.Theycomprisethreethetimeoftheestablishmentin1995.Theoutlinesofsuchobjectivesaredescribedintheman-The2000grantamountsto25.67millionEURfortherealisationoftheobjectivesdefinedatBAthis1997.Theaimistosupportmoreindustrialinitiativesinthefieldofinformationtechnologyincapitalfund,ITPartners,establishedasanIMECinitiativebyProfessorR.VanOverstraeteninFinally,anessentialcomponentofthispolicyonfeedbacktoFlemishindustryconcernstheriskgationestablishmentofseveralnewspin-offcompaniesinthefieldofrenewableenergy,satellitenavi-tems.Thiswasdonebyextendingexistingagreements(C-CAM,LCI-Smartpen)andwiththeWorkisalsobeingcarriedoutontheeconomicconsolidationofexpertiserelatedtomicrosystechnologytantroleinthisfieldinattractingthenewICpackagingfacility,CS2,toZaventem.ImportanttivitiesandstrengtheningexistingFlemishcompanies.IMEC’sexpertisealsoplayedanimporexpertiseinthisthirdfieldontheestablishmentofspin-offcompanies,orbyattractingnewacNovember1996)tore-establishICpackagingactivitiesinEurope,IMECdecidedtobaseits20(MCM-Dpackaging)wastransferredtoCS2duringthecourseof1999.anddigitalimaging.way.33.02SubsidyfortheFlandersInteruniversityInstituteforBiotechnology(VIB)andfinally,attentiontothesocialaspectsofbiotechnology.
• idents);internationalbusinesses(withstronglyintegratedteamsandalargenumberofindustrialrestheestablishment,withintheinfrastructure,oflargecooperativeventureswithFlemishand • builders,asaresultofcooperativeventureswithsuppliersoftheICproductionindustry(systemnewinvestmentsinFlanders(ASM-I,SSR,ARCH,BOC…)inaclusterofnewbusinessessuppliersofmaterialsandgas);
• attracting an additional IC production BasedontherecommendationofthemicroelectronicsadvisorygroupoftheEuropeanComunit.mission(
a)Thefirsttask:science environmentarefundedbythem.ThustheVIBformsthestructurewhichcreatesastableandstimulatingtionoffiveresearchprojectswhicharedevelopedoutsidetheVIBdepartments,thoughtheywiththeconceptofaninstitute“withoutwalls”.ThispotentialwasstrengthenedbytheselecmentswhicharephysicallylocatedonthecampusesoffourFlemishuniversities,inaccordancecine,plantbiotechnologyandmicrobiology.TheresearchisstructuredinnineresearchdepartconstantlydevelopingandapplyingspearheadtechnologyforscientificbreakthroughsinmediTheVIB’smainactivityasascientificinstituteisobviouslytocarryoutstrategicbasicresearch,forscientificresearchinbiotechnologyinFlanders. b)Thesecondtask:valorizationoftheresearch deVGenandCropDesign,inwhichtheBiotechFundFlandersalsoparticipates.TherehasalsoThoughonlyrecentlyestablished,theVIBhasalreadyledtotwonewstarterbusinesses:zationVIBstimulatesenterprise,worksprofessionallytogetherwithbusinessesandtakestheirvaloriOtheraspectsshouldalsoincreasinglyformpartofanewvalidationculture.Forexample,theapplicationsintandemwiththepublicationoftheresultsconcernedinscientificjournals.creativitytoflourishinthebestpossibleway.Forexample,itisimportanttostreamlinepatentbebalanced,asfaraspossible,withthehighdegreeoffreedomwhichisrequiredforscientificscientificresearchresultsintotheirindustrialapplication.TheattentiontovalorizationshouldPossiblyanevengreaterchallengeisthevalorizationoftheresearchresults:thetranslationofpossibilitiesintoaccountinthechoiceofnewprojects. chapterIII.3–68
• cludingthedevelopmentofthediversificationstrategywithimportantbusinessesinFlanders(inUnionMinière,DeNeef);
• the molecular basis of the phytopathogenic effects of Rhodococcus bacteria on plants,
Department of Molecular Biology - Frans Van Roy
• nismsunderstandinghowthemythochondrial(DYS)functioninfluencesimportantcellmechasuchasapoptosis,necrosisandgeneinduction,
• hormones,theactionmechanismoftheplanthormoneethyleneandtheinteractionwithotherplant
• understandingthemechanismswhichdeterminetheimmunologicalCD4+ Tcellresponse,
• the molecular analysis of the interactions between plants and parasitic nematodes,
• lianunderstandingactivationandrepressionmechanismsatthelevelofpromotersinmammagenes,
• the characterisation of vitamin C biosynthesis in plants,
• the development of a system for the targeted saccharification of recombinant proteins,
• lignification in poplar,
• the development of an innovative treatment for acute and chronic colitis,
• neuropathology,intracellularsignallingandrelatedsyndromes,suchascancer,developmentaldisordersandunravellingthefunctionofseveralcadherinesandcatheninesincelldifferentiation,
• acquiring an insight into how inflammation mechanisms can be used to combat cancer,
• identifying new treatments for inflammation and shock inhibitors,
• andtheconstructionofaplantproteindatabaseandthedevelopmentofacompetitivegenomicsbio-informaticsresearchplatform.
2,500mcertainlymeettheincreaseindemandinthenextfewyears.Thismultifunctionalbuildingoffrastructure.Therecentlycompletedincubationcentrefornewbiotechnologybusinesseswillvelopmentofnewindustrialactivitiesinthebiotechnologysectoralsodependsonasuitableinbeenagoodevolutioninthenumberofpatentapplicationsandlicensingagreements.Thede2isavailabletonewbusinessesengagingintensivelyinR&D,andwithobviouspotentialforgrowth. c)Thethirdtask:therelationshipwithsociety Therepresentativesbyacommissionwhichactsasa“soundingboard”,consistingofexpertsinthefieldofethics,rectlyaboutnewbiotechnologicaldiscoveries.Theinstituteissupportedinitssocialactivitiesviewswithoutthedebatebecomingpolarised.ItisthetaskoftheVIBtoinformthepubliccorveryimportantforFlanderstoengageinanopendialogue,inwhicheveryonecanstatetheirderivedfromthese,hasonceagainshowntheimportanceofcommunication.ThereforeitisThecontroversialintroductioninEuropeofgeneticallymodifiedsoyaandcorn,andproductsofsociety,andbiotechnologists.specificcontentoftheVIB’staskisasfollows: Task1:Strategicbasicresearch onhand,project-basedresearchisalsofundedinotherplaces.Thefollowingresearchsubjectsarefrontlinebiotechnologicalresearchwillbecarriedoutinthe9VIBdepartments.OntheotherTheobjectivesofthestrategicbasicresearchdivideintotwocomponents.Ontheonehand,theprogrammeoftheVIB’sdepartmentalstrategicbasicresearchin1999: a)VIBdepartments 1/10/1999):DepartmentofGenetics-MarcVanMontagu(upto1/10/1999)–MarcZabeau(fromresearchintoplantbiotechnology • the molecular reaction of plants to abiotic stress such as oxidative stress and salt stress,
• the production of antibodies in plants,
chapterIII.3–69
• the symbiotic interaction between nitrogen-fixing Azorhizobium and leguminous plants,
• co-suppression and post-transcriptional silencing,
• the molecular aspects of cell division, cell differentiation and morphogenesis in plants,
• understanding the ageing mechanism and cell death in yeasts,
Department of Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy - Désiré Collen
• usetheanalysisofthemechanismswhichplayaroleinAlzheimer’sdisease,interalia,withtheoftransgene-mousetechnologyandthespecialisedcultureofbraincells, • velopmenttheanalysisoftheroleofthevariousheparanesulphateproteoglycanesinembryologicalde-andinpatho-biologicalprocesses, • research into
• ofthelocalisation,identificationandcharacterisationofgeneswhichplayaroleinvarioustypesbenignandmalignantcancers,
• family,thestudyofthemolecularandfunctionalorganisationofheavychainbodiesinthecamel
• research into physiological processes, such as: the operation of the fibrinolytic system, the blood clotting
• researchintothemolecularbasisofintramolecularsignaltransmissioninallostericproteins,
• the implementation of different technologies for creating medicines in a rational way.
• prospective applications of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
• variousreditarydiseases,hydronephrosis,Dr.Georgesyndrome,X-linkedmentalretardation,andthelocalisation,identificationandcharacterisationofgeneswhichareatthebasisofthehe-syndromes, chromosome telomers and centromers,
• protein,theevaluationofanewvaccinestrategybasedonfusionswithaPseudomonasmembrane
• thethemolecularprocessofreceptor-dependentsignaltransduction,leadingtocelldeath,andmolecularrelationshipbetweendyingandneighbouringcells, • understandingmolecularregulationmechanismsofcontrolledgeneexpressionandcelldivision,withaviewtothedevelopmentofnewmethodsoftreatmentforinfectiousdiseasesandcancer.
Department of Microbiology - Nicolas Glansdorff
• the study of the molecular basis of psychrophilia, thermophilia and barophilia,
• fundamental study of the mechanisms of hereditary immunity,
• muneidentificationofthemechanismswhichusetumoursandparameterstoescapefromtheimsystem.
• study of the interaction between parameters and the immune system,
• research into the development of staphylokinase, a new medicine to dissolve blood clots.
• structure/function analysis of TNF and related molecules, • anti-tumour vaccination and modulation of invasion and metastasis,
• the design of enzymes with a modified temperature profile,
• immunomodulation of auxiliary and suppressor macrophages,
• the study of the transcription regulation in yeast,
• the functional analysis of the yeast genome.
organisation, including
pathologicalanexaminationoftheroleofprotein-splittingenzymesandangrogenousfactorsinanimalthecreationanddevelopmentofbloodvessels,amongstothers,withtheuseoftransgeneprocess,models,processesofthecardiovascularsystem,
Department of Human Heredity - Guido David
• rayilluminatingthestructureandstudiesofthestructure/functioncorrelationofproteinsbyX-diffraction,multidimensionalNMR,spectro-photometricsandcalorimetrics,
• aretheanalysisofthephysicalchartofchromosome12,andtheanalysisoftheconditionswhichrelatedtogeneticdisordersonchromosome12p, • research into the biological role of furines and homologs.
chapterIII.3–70
• myocardialresearchintothepossibilitiesofgenetherapyforthetreatmentofthrombosis,restenosis,ischaemia,pulmonaryhypertensionandhaemophilia.
Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Ultrastructure - Lode Wyns
Department of Cell Growth, Differentiation and Development - Danny Huylebroeck • inthetransgenesisofnewgeneswhicharepotentiallyinvolvedinembryonicdevelopmentandthestudyofsignaltransductionofserine/threoninekinasereceptorsandcharacterisationbypathologicalprocesses, • thestudyoftheoperationalmechanismofmammaliantranscriptionfactorsandtheyeast Schizosaccharomycespombe Department of Neurogenetics - Christine Van Broeckhoven • neuropathologicalmer’sdisease,hereditaryataxias,thediseaseofCharcot-Marie-ToothandotherperipheralidentifyingcandidategenesandgeneticdefectswhichareinvolvedintheetiologyofAlzheiconditions, • identifying hereditary risk factors which play a role complexchosis,complexneuro-psychiatricdisorders,suchasschizophreniaandmanic-depressivepsyin:neurologicaldisorders,suchasParkinson’sdiseaseandepilepsy,. • fundamental study of the observed mutations in cell and animal models. Department of Medical Protein Chemistry - Joël Vandekerckhove • the optimalisation of the high-sensitivity structural analysis of proteins, • cytoskeleton,structure/functionanalysisofactinebindingproteinswhichareinvolvedinbuildingupthe • the influence of extracellular signals on the intracellular microfilament system. • signal transduction: the IL5 receptor complex and leptine. b)Project-basedresearch aprogramme.In1997,theGovernmentofFlandersselectedfiveprojectsforVIBfunding,withThesecondsectioninobjective1,StrategicBasicResearch,isaproject-basedresearchtotalbudgetof6.57millionEUR,spreadoverfouryears.TitleProjectleaderPromotorInstituteStudyofHIVvariabilityImplicationsforvaccinedevelopmentDr.W.JanssensProf.G.VanderGroenITGTheimprovementofresistancetostressandfermentationcapacityinyeastDr.P.VanDijckProf.J.TheveleinCatholicUniversityofLeuven Arabidobsis thaliana as a model sys tem for the study of resistance to disease in plants Dr. CammueB. Prof. BroekaertW. LeuvenUniversityofCatholic T-cell therapy: T-cell differentiation potential of haema(to)poieticpluripotencystemcells Dr. LeclercqG. Prof. J. Plum GhentUniversityof Molecular analysis of the function, pharmacology and architecture of tension-monitored ion channels Dr. SnydersD. Dr. SnydersD. UIA Task 2: Structured valorization centraldepartments,patentingVIBfindings,andtheexecutionofspecificvalorizationprojects.Thevalorizationbudgetisusedforthepersonnelandoperationofthevalorizationunitofthepolicy chapterIII.3–71
Task3:Socialsection-therelationshipwithsociety Forthesocialsection,theVIBisorganisinga technologyassessment understandingofBiotechnology”:“arebeingsetup.In1999,fourinformationbrochureswerepublishedintheseries,“Abetterisbeingdevelopedforthispurpose,theVIBwebpagesarebeingrenewedandspecificactionsAbroadrangeofcommunicationisalsoveryimportant.InformationandeducationalmaterialfieldInaddition,theVIBadvisestheFlemishandfederalgovernmentonallthedevelopmentsintheapprovalganised,andeventuallyanumberofprojectswereselectedfollowingthisappeal,withthecialconsultation,thethemesforthisweredeterminedin1998.AcallforproposalswasalsoorAtotalof1.74millionEURwasreservedfortheTAresearchprogramme.Followingbroadsothefollowsupthebiotechnologyregulationsand,asathirdelement,organisesspecificactivitiesin(TA)researchprogramme.Itfieldofeducationandinformation.oftheGovernmentofFlanders.Theystartedupstraightawayin1999.TitleSupervisor/ProjectleaderOrganisationTowardsamulti-actorsocialmapoftheethicalaspectsofgerminationgenetherapyinhumans.Prof.VanSteendamIFBInt.ForumforBiophilosophyThechallengeofpredictivegenetictestsfordiseaseswhichonlypresentthemselvesatalaterage.Prof.Evers-KieboomsKULeuvenTheeconomicadvantagesofgenetherapy?Acostsversuspragmaticapproach.Prof.ClarysseVlerickSchoolofManagementTheattitudeofdifferentsectorsofthepopulationtothefuturexenotransplantationofinsulin-pro-ducingpigcells.Prof.Kristoffersen-PonjaertVUBMicroandmacro-economicanalysisoftheeconomicadvantagesandcostsofbio-technologicalapplica-tionsinagriculture.Calculationoftheeffectsforpro-ducers,consumersandgovernments,andthedevelopmentofasimulationmodel.Prof.TollensKULeuvenConsumerattitudestogeneticallymodifiedfoodandthedevelopmentofasegmentedcommunicationstrategy.Prof.Viaene/XavierGellynckRUGTowardsaneffectiveandefficientFlemishpublicdebateonbiotechnology.ThetheoreticalsupportofadequateinstrumentsforarationalpublicdebateDr.GoordenUFSIAofbiotechnology-orientedregulations. Whatisbiotechnology?”,“Health”,“Agricultureandfood” and “Cloning”. andinthefuture.Forschools(2isedinordertoinformthebroadestpossiblepublicaboutbiotechnologicalapplications,todayAtthesametime,regularinformationeveningsanddebateshavebeenorganndand3rdlevels),theVIBhasdevelopedapackageoflessonsonbiotechnologyincooperationwithFEVIA,AGRINFOandOIVO.Atthesametime,theVIBdevelopedapracticalDNAtest,whichwasenthusiasticallyreceivedbybothteachersandpupils. chapterIII.3–72
Management, coordination and framework agreements TheBAsThecialtionsoftheintroductionandimplementationofnewtechnologies,andofdocumentingthesoTheFoundationTechnologyFlanders(STV)isaninstrumentforexplainingthesocialimplicaBAtutesTheHOBUfundwillbeevaluatedtoexaminewhetheritisadaptedtotheneedsoftheinstistartedstage,20otherarecurrentlyundergoinganinterimevaluation,while18newactionswereUptonow,58projectshavebeensupportedbytheIWT.Ofthese,20projectsareinthefinal1999.increasedby1.71millionEUR,fromthebalanceonthebudgetofthespecialisationgrantsforTheinitialcreditsfor2000amountto4.21millionEUR.Duringthebudgetcontrol,thiswasin49filesweresubmittedrespectively,ofwhich20werefinallyselectedforfundingbytheIWT4.21millionEUROavailableforthisprogrammeeveryyear.Inthepastfewyears,86,46and1997,January1998andNovember1998.Uptonow,theGovernmentofFlandershasmadeSincetheestablishmentofthisfund,threecallsforproposalshavebeenlaunched-inJanuaryatechnology(toindustrialpartners).Theseprojectsrunforatmost24months,withabudgetofnologicalexploration(withscientificpartners)andthetranslationanddistributionoftutesofhighereducationcansubmitprojectproposals.EveryHOBUprojectcomprisestech-themodalities.Accordingtothesemodalities,oneappealislaunchedeveryyear,wheninsti-tion.ThemanagementofthisHOBUfundwasassignedtotheIWT,whichalsoworkedoutandsmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesinparticular,throughtheseinstitutesofhighereduca-tion,butalsoatamoreefficientdistributionoftechnologicalexpertisetoFlemishcompaniesfund.ThiswasaimedatimprovingtechnologicalresearchinFlemishinstitutesofhighereduca-On19December1996,theGovernmentofFlandersapprovedtheestablishmentoftheHOBUtiativesBA41.04SpecialIWTgrantforresearchatinstitutesofhighereducation,andavarietyofinitheframeworkagreementsbetweentheVIBandtheuniversities.ThisconcernsmakingavailabletivitiesoftheVIBheadquartersinZwijnaarde.ThegrantalsoincludesasectionforfundingtheThegrantincludesfundsforpersonnel,operationandinfrastructure,aswellasthespecificacuniversityareas,infrastructureandfacilitiestotheVIBdepartments.withregardtothecomputerisationofeducationmaximumof0.31millionEUR.1997andin1998,and18in1999.upbetween1October1999and1January2000.ofhighereducationwithregardtotheallocationofknowledge.41.06SubsidyfortheFoundationTechnologyFlandersdialogue.subsidytoSTVamountsto1.92millionEUR.99.11and99.12FIOVandIWTfundingoftechnologicalresearchismainlydonethroughtwofundingchannels:•IWT:withinitsautonomousfunction,theIWTfundsvarioustypesofresearchprojects.Thesearefeasibilitystudiesforsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses,innovationprojectsfor chapterIII.3–73
International reputation
Bio‘99meetinginSeattle(May1999),theco-organisationofthe9tionalbiotechnologybusinessconferenceinMunich,aFlemishbiotechnologyworkshopattheutationofFlanders:theco-organisationinNovember1999ofEuropaBio,thethirdinternacrops.Inthecourseof1999,anumberofinternationalactionsweresetuptopromotetherepoff,CropDesign,whichisdevelopingactivitiesrelatedtocellcycleapplicationsinagriculturalbiotechnologycompanyactiveinfunctionalgenetics.In1998,thiswasfollowedbythespin-ampleofthiswastheestablishmentin1997ofthefirstspin-off,theNVdeVGen,ahigh-techacteroftheresearchandthevalorizationinitiativesofitscentraldepartments.AneminentexTheinternationalreputationoftheVIBisdetermined,inthefirstplace,bythefrontlinecharthECBConferenceinBrussels(July’99),andtheorganisationoftheBiotechnologyCentersForum.Obviously,itcooperatesintensivelywithFlemishprojects,suchasFTITechnoland,Technopolis,etc.Theseactionswerefundedwiththefundsformanagementandcoordination.
• beimplementedinthecourseof2000,forexample,bydrawingupapolicyplanfortechnologithedecreebytheGovernmentofFlandersismentionedinthegovernmentagreement,andwilltheGovernmentofFlandersforitstechnologicalinnovationpolicy.Theoperationalisationofimplementationofapolicytostimulatetechnologicalinnovation.ThiscreatesaframeworkforAtthebeginningofMay1999,theParliamentofFlandersadoptedthedecreerelatingtothenologyclusterpolicy,theco-fundingofEuropeanregionaldevelopmentprojects,andspecifictechlogicaladvisoryservicesofthecollectivecentres,participationinEUREKAprojects,theders.TheIWTactsinanadvisorycapacity.ThefundingisforresearchprojectsandtechnoFIOV:theuseoftheFIOVfundsfallsunderthecompetenceoftheGovernmentofFlanprogrammes.calinnovation,andtheentryintoeffectofanumberofdecreesonregulations.TheinnovationdecreeprovidesforathoroughchangeintherelationshipbetweentheIWTandFIOV.TheFIOVwillbeabolished.TheIWT,renamedthe
InstituteforthePromotionofInnovationbySci enceandTechnologyinFlanders, SomeoperationalThesethreedecisionsmuststillundergoaseriesofformaladvisoryproceduresandwillbecomeThegether,thefundsfor2000remainatvirtuallythesamelevelasIWT+FIOVtogetherin1999.FIOVfundistakingplaceinconcretetermsasaresultofthebudgetcontrolfor2000.Alto-resultstobeachieved,bothintermsofquantityandintermsofquality.TheabolitionofthementlaysdowntheformsofcooperationbetweenthegovernmentandIWTFlandersandthebetweentheautonomousandtheadvisoryfunctionisbeingremoved.Amanagementagree-currenttask,whichfocusesonstimulatingresearchanddevelopment.Thecurrentdistinctionplayacentralroleinstimulatingtechnologicalinnovation.Thisisanimportantincreaseinitsupofthebudget,aswellasadrasticsimplificationintheprocessingoffiles.IWTFlanderswillrightsandobligationsoftheFund.ClosingdowntheFIOVfundwillleadtoastricterfollow-abbreviatedtoIWTFlanders,willtakeovertheoutstandinginnovationdecreealsoprovidesforthreenewofficialfundingdecisions:•ThesubsidyforR&Dprojectsofbusinesses(toreplacetheso-calledFIOVDecisionof23/10/1991).•ThesubsidyforprojectsofFlemishInnovationCooperation,forthebenefitofcollectivere-search,technologicalservices,andthestimulationofinnovation(toreplaceanumberofexistingarrangementsonthismatter).•Thesubsidyforuniversityinterfaceservices(decidedbythegovernmentofFlandersonanadhocbasisin1998and1999).bytheendof2000.existinginitiativesareexplainedinmoredetailbelow. Collective research gionandtheBrusselsCapitalRegion.Inprinciple,thefederalgovernmentpays25%oftheingofthecollectivecentres,concludedbetweenthestate,theFlemishRegion,theWalloonReTheR&Dprojectscorrespondwiththecooperationagreementof8March1991,onthefundjectsonjointsubsidiesfromthefederalgovernmentandtheregions.Theseareprenormativeproandthesupportforthetechnologicaladvisoryservices,thecentrescancarryoutprojectsbasedInadditiontoparticipatinginprojectsintheautonomousandadvisoryfunctionoftheIWT,regionaltargetgroupsandintermsofinternalorganisation,althoughtherearetrendstowardsamoredustry,textiles,etc.Historically,thesecentresexistonanationalbasisintermsofindustrialtrialactivities.Forexample,therearecentresforresearchinthebuildingindustry,themetalintheconsiderationthataninterfaceshouldbeestablishedbetweenscientificresearchandindusthis.Thisconcerns12researchcentres,determinedpersectorandestablishedonthebasisofThecollectivecentreswereestablishedinthecontextoftheDeGrooteAct,orareequivalenttofocus.(fundedbythefederalgovernment),orR&Dprojects. chapterIII.3–74
conductedTheseprojectshavebeensetupontheinitiativeofthebusinessesconcerned,andareoftensmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses,industrialbasicresearchandprototypedevelopment.incooperationwithuniversitylaboratories.
formsofcooperation,rangingfromawarenessraisingwithregardtoinnovation,tothecollecofthetechnologicalinnovationpolicy.Differenttypesofactivitycanbedevelopedinthese“clusters”,havebeensupportedbytheGovernmentofFlandersforseveralyearsinthecontextAnumberofcooperationsbetweenbusinessesthemselvesorwithresearchinstitutes,knownas
tionMarch1991)onthebasisoftheofficialdecisionforsubsidiesforFlemishInnovationCooperaTheintentionistoreplacethecurrentarrangementbasedonthecooperationagreement(of8themillionEURforthisportfolio,whichcorrespondsto55%ofthesubsidyfromtheregionsofTheserecommendationscorrespondwithasubsidyfromtheGovernmentofFlandersof1.9toperts,andbytheIWT’sownevaluationteam.TherecommendationsonthesewerepresentedAltogether,37projectsweresubmitted,whichwereassessedinanevaluationbyexternalex1998.dressedtothecentres.Thecompleteapplicationsweresubmittedbythecentresby1Decembercomparedtothatinpreviousyears.Intheautumnof1998,anappealbytheIWTwasadTheprocedurefollowedbytheIWTfortheevaluationofthe1999portfoliodidnotchangethetionsthatweresubmitted,andsupportthepoliticalgovernmentindefendingthepositionofSince1992,theIWThasbeencommissionedbytheFlemishRegiontoevaluatetheapplicaconcernedtionsdecideduponforeachcentre,relatedtothedistributionofindustrialactivityinthesectorcostsincurredandtheregionspay25%together-tobedividedinaccordancewiththeproporacrossthevariousregions.FlemishRegioninthevariousstagesofdiscussion.thecompetentministerinApril1999.totalacceptablebudgetof13.81millionEUR.(seeabove). advisory services
chapterIII.3–75
technologicalservicesisanexclusivelyregionalcompetence.Nevertheless,thetechnologicaladofthecontactsarewithsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses.ThestimulationandthepolicyonTheaverageadvisorhasonaverageslightlymorethan200contactsperyear.Onaverage,80%ofthecases,itwasthefirsttimethatthebusinesscontactedatechnologicaladvisoryservice.1999.Approximately6000ofthesewererelatedtoadirectcontactwithabusiness.Inonethirdthisamountsto42.5units.Alltheadvisorstogetherdealtwithabout10,000problemsintotalof60full-timeorpart-timetechnologicaladvisors.Convertedintofull-timeequivalents,In1999,therewere40serviceprovidercellsactivein10collectivecentres.Thisaccountsforaclesonnewtechniques,e.g.,inthecontextofTechnicalInformation,allfallunderthisheading.lecturesorpublishinggovernmentmeasuresinsupportofinnovation,thepublicationofarti-servicesalsoplayamoreproactiverole.Activitiessuchasdistributingnewresearchresultsinstrictedtoanimmediateanswerorworkedoutinashorttechnicalproject.Inaddition,theseoftherequestsubmittedbybusinesses,theinterventionofthetechnologicaladvisorwillbere-ticularsectororsubsectortosolvecertainconcretetechnicalproblems.Dependingonthescopedoublerole.Inthefirstplace,thesearethepeoplewhocanbecontactedbybusinessesinapar-Thetechnologicaladvisoryservicesarelinkedtothecentresforcollectiveresearchandplayavisorsworkforallthebusinesses,whichbelongtotheirtargetgroup-evenwhentheyarelocatedthroughoutBelgium.Thereforethefundingofthesetechnologicalservicesisbasedonacoordinatedinterregionalapproach.Consequently,Flanders,WalloniaandBrusselsmustreachaconsensusindecidingontheapplicationsthataresubmitted.On18April1999,theGovernmentofFlandersdecidedtograntthecentresasubsidyamountingto2.47millionEUR.Altogether,thisrepresentsashareof60%oftheinterregionalgovernmentfunding.Thecentresthemselvesprovide1.03millionEUR,viz.20%oftherealmarginalcostsoftheunitsprovidingtheservices.TheIWTisresponsiblefortheselection,andforfollowingupandcontrollingtheadvisoryservices.ThesesubsidieswillinfuturealsobebasedontheofficialdecisiontosupportFlemishInnovationCooperation(seeabove).
Cluster policy
Technological
atachievingtheeffectofreducingthethresholdforthepopulation,indealingwiththeinformaonexistingstate-of-the-arttechnologydevelopedinFlanders.Theseapplicationsarealsoaimedstrationprojects”,focusedonthedevelopmentofnewmultimediaapplicationswhicharebasedIn1998,theGovernmentofFlandersorganisedanactionprogrammefor“Multimediademon
firstriodoffiveyears(FIOV;Limburgfund;ERDF).Thiswillbeworkedoutinmoredetailinthegether,approximately21.07millionEURofgovernmentfundsarebeingmobilisedforape(ERDF-targetareaLimburg)isfocusedonthesupplyfirmsfortheautomobileindustry.Alto1999wastheFlandersDriveinitiative.ThisclusterinitiativewithEuropeanco-fundingtionCooperation,inwhichtheseclusterinitiativeshaveaplace.OneimportantinitiativeinOnthebasisoftheinnovationdecree,aregulationisbeingdrawnupfortheFlemishInnovaproximatelyof50%oftheprovedoperatingcosts.Onthebasisoftheavailablefigures,thisamountedtoapaspecificmarketsector.TheGovernmentofFlandersissubsidisingtheinitiativesonthebasisalistsandFlemishspaceindustriesareencouragingtheco-developmentofnewproductswithinnewtechnologysectorsandbusinesses.ThecooperativeventuresforFlemishaviationindustriLanguageValleyandDSP(DigitalSignalProcessing)focus,aboveall,ontheframeworkofofstagesofdevelopmentinrathertraditionalsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses.FlandersClusterforsteelplateproducersandmanufacturers.TheyarefocusedontheintensivesupportFlemishInitiativeforProductDevelopment,theFlemishSyntheticMaterialsCentreandtheportofnewprocessesandproductsinaproject-basedway.Currentinitiativesincludethetionanddistributionofselectedinformationforprovidingtechnologicalservicesandthesup1.86millionEURin1999.halfof2000.
chapterIII.3–76
Small and Medium-sized Businesses Innovation Flanders smallhighlyqualifiedresearcher,andthecostsofsupervision.Inthelasttwoyears,approximately58searcherfromtheresearchcentre.Theprojectmakesafinancialcontributiontothesalaryofthedrawsuptheinnovationprojectinthebusiness.Thispersonissupervisedbyanexperiencedre-stitute,universityorinstituteofhighereducation.Ahighlytrainedresearcher(universitylevel)Intheseprojects,asmallormedium-sizedbusinessworkswithacollectivecentre,researchin-TheSmallandMedium-sizedBusinessesInnovationFlandersprogrammestartedinJuly1997.andmedium-sizedbusinessInnovationprojectshavestartedup. Action programme for information technology (ITA-II) theselectedfields(exportfigures,partnerships,alliances,thecontributionofFlemishbusiprogrammeshouldpermitFlanderstopresentitselfin2000asaleaderinICTinanumberofalsoexpectstohaveapositiveinfluenceoneconomicgrowthandemployment.Thepotentialofaninternationaldimension.Asaresultofthisimprovedcompetitiveposition,itservices.Thisshouldtakeplacewiththecontinueddevelopmentofaninnovativetechnologicalcompetition,particularlyinthefieldofmultimediacommunication,products,applicationsandtostrengthenthecompetitivepositionoftheFlemishICTindustryinthefaceofinternationalEURtothis(23June1998,and18December1998).TheaimofthesecondstageoftheITAis(ITA),forR&DprojectsinthefieldofICT.Thegovernmentdecidedtoallocate22.31millionIWT,tostartupthesecondstageoftheActionProgrammeforInformationTechnologyOn23June1998,theGovernmentofFlandersdecided,onthebasisoftheproposalsfromthenessesinstandardsthathavebeenachieved,applicationsdevelopedherefortheFlemishandinternationalmarket,stockexchangelistings…).Thefirststage,whichlastedfrom1995to1998,producedimportantresults,whicharealreadybeingsuccessfullycommercialisedontheinternationalmarket.Duringthesecondstage,34projectswereapprovedin1999foratotalsubsidyof22.31millionEUR.Thissupportsaresearchpotentialof920workingyears.Theprojectsplaceanemphasisonvisualisation,communicationandinformationmanagement.Internettechnologiesareofdecisiveimportanceinvirtuallyalltheprojects.Fouroftheseprojectsconcerngenericbasicresearchcarriedoutbybroadcooperationplatformsofresearchinstitutesandsupervisedbyacommitteeofindustrialsponsors.AllprojectsarefollowedupbytheIWT. Multimedia Demonstration Projects
tooutbytheexperts(followingitsinitialtreatmentbytheIWT).Theirselectionwastransferredthecompetentminister.Thisscreeningofthe43applicationsthatweresubmittedwascarriedpendentexperts,topreparefortheselectionbyajury,whichwascomposedbythecabinetofTheITWwasmaderesponsiblefortheorganisationofprojectscreeningbyateamofindetele(learning),diaprojects.Thisisachievedbymeansofinitiativesinkeyareassuchasteleworking,nical,legalandsocialbarrierswhichexistinthedevelopmentandimplementationofmultimeMultimediademonstrationprojectsareaimedatcontributingtoconqueringtheexistingtechFlemishtionsocietyofthefuture.Thisprogrammewasfocusedonthecooperationofoneormorebusinesseswithanassociation,educationalinstitute,library,etc.…buyingandsellingontheinformationhighway,collectinginformation…thecompetentminister,whoapprovedthematthebeginningofJanuary1999.
EUREKA, EUREKA/MEDEA and ITEA approved.ThefinancialsupportfortheparticipatingpartnersisallocatedthroughthegoverncountriesareactiveineveryEUREKAproject.EUREKAassignsalabeltotheprojectsithastheEuropeanUnionareparticipating.AtleasttwopartnersfromtwodifferentEUREKAEUREKAisanincentiveprogrammeformarket-orientedresearch,inwhich26countriesandmentsofthecountriesoftherespectiveparticipants.TheFlemishparticipantscanbefinanciallysubsidisedfortheirshareintheEUREKAprojectthroughtheIWT.TheEUREKAprogrammemakesadistinctionbetweenprojectswhicharenotestablishedinaprogrammedway,andprojectsgeneratedintheclustersdevelopedintheEuropeanICindus-try.Thebottom-uptypeprojectsareeachgrantedtheirownlabelofrecognition.Theclusterprogrammes,MEDEA(Micro-ElectronicsDevelopmentforEuropeanApplications)anditspredecessor,JESSI,werelabelledbyEUREKAasawhole.Recently,threenewclusterswerestartedup:EURIMUS(EURekaIndustrialInitiativeforMicrosystemsUses,labelledin1998),PIDEA(PackagingandInterconnectionDevelopmentforEuropeanApplications,1999),andITEA(InformationTechnologyforEuropeanAdvancement,1999).ApplicationsforsubsidiesinthecontextofEUREKAprojectsandtheirevaluationtakeplaceinaccordancewiththeusualproceduresoftheIWT.However,therearesomespecialsubsidyfa-cilitiestopromotetheFlemishparticipationinEUREKA.Forexample,thereistheschemeofJanuary1997.ThefundscomefromtheFIOV,butthereisnoseparateenvelopeforEUREKAprojectsintheFIOV.Thedecisionaboutthesubsidyistakenbytheminister(ortheGovernmentofFlandersifthesubsidyisformorethan0.5millionEUR)–alwaysafterseekingtheadviceofIWT.Theparticipationvariesfromyeartoyear.IWTmakeseffortstoactivelyencouragebusinessesandresearchinstitutescooperatingwiththem,toparticipateinEUREKA.Thisresultedinanincreaseinthenumberofprojectsandinthenumberofpositivedecisionsonsubsidiestobegranted.Detailsareshowninthetablebelow: chapterIII.3–77 19921993199419951996199719981999 Number of files processed OtherJessi-Medea-IteaEureka 31 114 93 78 96 167 83 1526 Number of files with a decisionpositive OtherJessi-Medea-IteaEureka 31 48 63 67 86 117 83 1322 Total EUR)acceptedsubsidy(mln. OtherJessi-Medea-IteaEureka 2.581.34 2.285.21 1.863.74 3.224.91 39.25 21.296.35 4.021.66 31.094.12
• Autonomousfunction resultingTheincreaseinthesefunds(+0.97millionEUR)isthefirstattempttomeettheexistingneedsFinally,better2000toachieveamorestreamlinedandsimplifiedapproach,andensurethattheybecomeTheactionsfocusedonsmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesarebeingevaluatedasawholeinceivedhighereducationandresearchinstitutes,actingasapartnerfortheexecutionoftheprojectretonomousfunction,comparedwith59%forlargecompanies.Theuniversities,institutesofThesmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesaccountedfor18%ofthesubsidyallocatedbytheauprocedure,smallandmedium-sizedbusinesses,twotypesofprojectwithanextremelysimpleprocessingSlightlymorethan35%oftheseapprovedprojectswereinnovationorfeasibilitystudiesforwereforsubsidies.77%oftheseprojectswerepositivelyassessed.NotcountingtheprojectsthatDuringthecourseof1998,theautonomousfunctionoftheIWTdealtwith198applicationsofTheBoardofDirectorsoftheIWTcandecideautonomouslyonthese,withintheframeworkscientifictypes,andapplicationsforresearchmandatesbyindividualresearchersinthecontextofdustrialbasicresearch,grantsconsistingofadvancesorsubsidiesforthedevelopmentofprotoontheirowninitiative,aredealtwithbytheautonomousfunctionoftheIWT:subsidiesforinApplicationsforsubsidiesinallthescientific-technologicaldisciplines,submittedbybusinessesresearchatpost-doctorallevel.theregulations.withdrawn,ortheinadmissibleprojects,thesuccessratewas86%.specificallydevelopedforsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses.20%oftheallocatedsubsidy.known.8.02millionEURisallocatedtoBA41.03fortheoperationoftheIWT.fromtheexpansionoftheIWT’stasks,laiddownintheInnovationDecree. chapterIII.3–78
chapterIII.3–79
Chapter III.4 The Sectoral Science Policy chapterIII.4 OA111.COORDINATION7.Science,6.Environment5.Economics,4.Welfare,3.Education2.General1.Coordinationare:Thediscussionfollowsthestructureofthebudgetforeachdepartment.ThesevendepartmentsactualThischapterdescribesthemostimportantinitiativestakingplaceinpolicyfieldsotherthanthesciencepolicyfieldinordertosupportandoutlinethepolicy.AffairsandFinancePublicHealthandCultureEmployment,HomeAffairsandAgricultureandInfrastructureInnovationandMediaDEPARTMENT(COO)ChancelleryandInformationAdministration Programme 11.3 Expenditure with regard to state reform BA 12.21 Research, study and expertise costs related to state aselectiveapplicationofadditionsorreductionsinincometaxforprovincialormunicipalaunicipalandprovinciallevel,fiscalmatters(forwhichitisnecessarytoexaminethepossibilityofIntheshortterm,thereformsinclude,amongstotherthings,theorganiclegislationatthemumented.Forothernecessaryreforms,abroaderandmorethoroughdialoguewillbenecessary.ofpowerswhichwereachievedduringthelaststatereforms,butwereneveractuallyimpleThechanges,whichcanbeachievedintheshortterm,concernadaptationsofthedistributionso-calledels.Thisdialoguewillbereflectedinthecontextofanewdialoguebetweencommunities,theItisnecessarytoresolvetheproposedreformswithadialoguebetweenthevariouspolicylevsubsidiaritytivestrengthoftheinstitutions.Thestartingpointsforthisshouldbe:responsibility,thefederalandFlemishlevelsofgovernment.Thisadaptationshouldincreasetheadministraparticular,theGovernmentofFlanderswouldliketoadaptthedistributionofpowersbetweentionalinnovation,stepsmustbetakentomakechangesintheadministrationofFlanders.InThegovernmentagreementoftheGovernmentofFlandersstatesthatinthefieldofinstitureformandsolidarity.IntergovernmentalandInterparliamentaryConferenceonStateReform. chapterIII.4–81
states.whichareconcernedwiththepoliticalstructureofthefederalstateofBelgiumanditsfederatedonthebasisofagreements.Theseareusuallycarriedoutbyuniversitiesandscientificinstituteswiththepossibilityofcallinguponexternalexpertise.StudiesandresearcharecommissionedabledevelopmentofFlemishautonomy,thereisaneedforpermanentstudiesandresearch,Inordertoachievethebroadestpossibleconsensusinajustifiedwaywithregardtothedesir-tionlanguagegroupsandabalancedparticipationinpolicyateverypolicylevel,withthedirectelec-WithregardtotheBrusselsCapitalRegion,theremustbeaguaranteedrepresentationofbothdevelopmentThecoordinationofforeigntrade,themanagementoftelecommunicationsandthefundingoffamilyachievethetransferofthestandardisationandexecutivecompetencesforthehealthcareandvicematters.Forhealthcareandfamilyallowances,theGovernmentofFlandersaimstoticultureandfisheries,thepolicyonscienceandtechnology,autonomywithregardtocivilserregardtotaxmatters,thetransferofallthepowerswithregardtothepolicyonagriculture,horthecontextofthenewdialoguebetweencommunities.TheautonomyandresponsibilitywithForthetwosortsofreform,thefollowingproblemareasmustbeexamined,amongstothers,inofgionsandthefederalgovernment.Inthecontextoftheconstitutionalautonomy,theincreasecation,thedistributionoftheincomefromanenergytaxinaEuropeancontextbetweenthereFurther-reachinginterventionconcernstheregulationoftheenergypolicy,thefundingofeduofgenerallybindingforFlemishcompetences),transportandmobility,aimingatthefullpresencethorities),employment(bycreatingadecreeframeworktodeclareFlemishsocialagreementsmunicipalitiesandregionsintheadministrationoftheNMBS.theautonomyintheorganisationofFlanders’owninstitutionsmustbeexamined.policy.cooperationwillalsobetheobjectofadialoguebetweenthecommunities.oftheParliamentofFlanders. Programme 11.4 The Equal Opportunities Policy In1999,theBAs12.01(avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtoemancipationandtheequalopporlowingInordertoimplementacoherentpolicy,EqualOpportunitiesinFlandershasoptedforthefolmorebeingstrengthenedwithstructuralsteps,andthatnewaspectswillalsohavetobedevelopedintiveperiod.Thismeansthatthevariousadhocinitiativesofthepreviousperiodsaregraduallydealhasbeenachievedinthespaceofafewyears.ThispolicyisnowenteringitssecondlegislaTheequalopportunitiespolicyoftheGovernmentofFlandersisagrowthareainwhichagreatdetail.strategicobjectives:•theactualinequalitiesinsocietymustbemadevisibleandasubjectfordiscussion,inparticularforthetargetgroupsofwomen,immigrants,homosexuals,lesbiansandbisexuals,thehandicapped,andpersonswhoarediscriminatedagainstonthebasisoftheirage;•contributetoconstructivesolutionstopromoteequalityandequalrightsforthesegroupsinsocietyandincreasetheirchancesofanintegratedandautonomouslife.Atthesametime,EqualOpportunitieswantstopreventnewinequalitiesfromarisingforthesegroups.tunitiespolicy)and33.01(subsidiesrelatedtoemancipationandtheequalopportunitiespolicy)wereincludedintheHBPWB,asthesecreditswereallocatedforresearch.However,fortheyear2000,anewbasicallocationwascreated,viz.BA12.02,specificallytofundscientificresearchnecessarytocarryoutacoherentequalopportunitiespolicy. chapterIII.4–82
BA 12.02 Expenditure with regard to OAresearch.Acreditof0.87millionEURisallocatedtothisBA,ofwhichapproximately10%isusedforwith12,394.68EUR)willbefollowedbyEqualOpportunitiesinFlandersandregularlydiscussedIn2000,thesecriteriawillbefurtherdeveloped.Largerprojects(withsubsidiesoveringHowever,EqualOpportunitiesinFlandersdoesnotyethaveenoughexperienceofformulatFlandersareaskedtoindicatetheirconcreteobjectivesontheapplicationformtobefilledin.TheorganisationswhichwishtosubmitanapplicationforasubsidytoEqualOpportunitiesinawebsite,publications,trainingandeducation,positivecampaigns,mentorprogrammes,etc.portunitiesinFlanders,bymeansofresearch,awareness-raisingcampaigns,thedevelopmentofTheBA33.01focussesinparticularonsubsidisingprojectsforfourtargetgroupsofEqualOpBAmentsInparticular,thereisagreatneedfortheresearchintothedevelopmentofmeasurementinstru-Therearevirtuallynoindicatorsyetformeasuringtheeffectoftheequalopportunitiespolicy.thisFlemishSupportCentreforAccessibilityandPlusPuntcannotbeachieved.TheaimistofillpliesthatthetasksoftheEqualOpportunitiesandseveralobjectivesofthestrategicplanoftheisoneofthefoundationsoftheoperationofthisdepartment,thisrestrictionofthePBOim-thatEqualOpportunitiescanonlylaunchasubjecteveryyearforonetargetgroup.Asresearcheachpolicyareaperyear,andthatthisshouldbefocussedonlongitudinalresearch.Thismeansresearch.However,thenewdirectivesforthePBOstatethatonlyonesubjectcanbefundedfor0.65and0.83millionEURwerespentonit.EqualOpportunitieslaunchedseveralsubjectsforcognisedasapolicyareabythisprogramme,andin1996,1997and1998,respectively0.51,co-fundedbytheProgrammeforPolicy-OrientedResearch(PBO).EqualOpportunitiesisrewhichhasnowbeentransferredtothisnewarticle,theresearchinthepastfouryearshasbeenInadditiontothecreditswhichwerespentonresearchinthepast,fromtheBA12.01,partofcificquiredwillbeintegratedintheequalopportunitiespolicyingeneral;ontheotherhand,speTheeffectsoftheresearchcanonlybemeasuredinthelongterm.Theknowledgethatisacknowledgesentsasignificantlackfortheequalopportunitiespolicy.Scientificresearchcanprovidesearchhasyetbeencarriedoutinthisfairlynewpolicyarea.Theabsenceofthesedatarepredeprivationorinequality,areallveryimportant.Thereisagreatneedforthisasnotmuchrepolicyarea,andspecificallyaboutthelifeofthetargetgroups,drawingupstatisticstosupportstrument.Determiningtheactualmechanismsofdeprivation,gatheringinformationabouttheAsEqualOpportunitiesisanewpolicyarea,scientificresearchisaparticularlyimportantinallocatedHowever,apartfromthis,thisbasicallocationisfundedwithnewfunds.0.5millionEURwereOftheBA12.01,0.12millionEURoftheoriginalsumwastransferredtothenewBA12.02.researchtoit.andinsighttocontributetoconstructivesolutions.actionscanalsobetakeninresponsetotheresults.gapwithfundsfromthedepartment’sownpolicyarea.fortheeffectsofpolicy.33.01Subsidiesrelatedtoemancipationandequalopportunitiespolicyrelevantcriteriatodeterminewhethertheseobjectivesarereallyappropriate.theorganisation.12AdministrationofForeignAffairsofFlanders Programme 12.1 General external relations BA 12.40 Research and studies with regard to Flemish foreign policy 0.50 million EUR are allocated to this dition,co-fundingisalsoprovidedforprojectsinthecontextoftheProgrammeforPolicy-OriThesecreditsfundspecificresearchprojects.Thisconcernsresearchinsupportofpolicy.InadBA. chapterIII.4–83
years.Mostoftheresearchisspreadovertwoormorecontinuedin1998and1999withnewprojects.entedResearch(PBO).Thiswasstartedin1997and chapterIII.4–84
OA2.GENERALAFFAIRSANDFINANCEDEPARTMENT(AZF)21PlanningandStatisticsAdministration Programme 21.1 Planning and Statistics InordertocarryouttheorganisationanddevelopmentofpublicstatisticsinFlandersadepublicationautumnof2000.Fundshavebeenprovidedfortheorganisationofthiscolloquium,forthesurveymaterial,startingattheendof1999.TheresultswillbepresentedatacolloquiumintheInthecontextofthepolicy-orientedresearch,variousindividualstudieswerecarriedoutofthethis.surveyof1,500peopleforthesurveyindetail).AlimitedtenderforcontractswasdrawnupforSpecialistfirmshadtobeusedforthefieldwork(telephonesurveyforzeromeasurement+tovolvedintheProgrammeforPolicy-OrientedResearch(PBO).However,7,436.80EURhadForthescientificsupport,anappealcouldbemadefromtheautumnof1999tothefundsin-bewithseveralsubjectsandmonitorthesechangesandattitudesoveraperiodoftime,effortswilldition,asineveryyear,therewillbeadetailedsurveyonspecificpolicyissues.Inordertodealthenewemphasesinpolicyandtheexpectationsofthepopulationwithregardtopolicy.Inad-Atthestartofthenewlegislativeperiod,itisappropriatetoorganiseazeromeasurementforcarrytheissuesinvolvedinpolicy.ThissurveyrespondstothewishoftheGovernmentofFlanderstoofthepopulation(1,500people),surveyingtheirattitudes,viewsandconductwithregardtoSince1995,asurveyhasbeenorganisedeveryyear,involvingarepresentativerandomsampletificThecreditallocatedtoBA12.02amountsto0.5millionEUR,ofwhich0.3millionisforscienticsBA12.02Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheactivitiesandproductsforplanningandstatisresearch.Researchwillbecarriedoutonthefollowingareas:•Theintensificationofasurvey,“CulturalshiftsinFlanders”andzeromeasurement.outmeasurementsofeffects.increased(severalsurveysperyear).beprovidedforobtainingtherandomsamplefromthestateregister.andforthecirculationofthereport.•Supportfortheinstitutionaldebateonstatisticsquately,itisnecessarytobeabletofinancethelegalandtechnicalorganisationaladviceandpossiblecooperationofexpertsthatarerequired.Theserecommendations,studiesandauditsmustalsoprovideexpertsupportfortheFlemishcontributiontotheoperationoftheIntergovernmentalandInterparliamentaryConferenceonStateReform.Forexample,whatcantheregionsachievewithinthecurrentregulations,whichmustbesupportedbydecrees,andwhatchangesmustbeaimedforinthefederallegislation?Furthermore,clarityshouldsoonbeestablishedontheneedswithregardtoFlemishregionalstatistics.Thisshouldinvolveathoroughsurveyofbodieswhichprepareandevaluatepolicy(cabinets,administrations,theFlemishPublicInstitutionsandtheParliamentofFlanders)inordertoidentifythegapsinthestatistics.Theuniversitiesandotherexternalusersofstatistics(suchasthesocialpartners)alsoincreasinglyaskforsupportandjustificationsforpolicy,onthebasisofobjectivedata.Thesesurveysrequireexternalconsultancyandmanpowertoprovideaquick,completeandaccuratesummaryofsupplyanddemandwithregardtoregionalstatistics.Theincreasingdemandforregionalstatisticsinaninternationalcontextisalsotakenintoaccount. chapterIII.4–85
• Statistical tancyrespect,theplanningteamswillhavemethodologicalsupport.Tosomeextent,externalconsul-mustbemonitoredandrelatedbacktothestrategicgoalsandcriticalfactorsforsuccess.Inthistherstudieswillhavetobecarriedoutonthemeasurementofeffectsandthewayinwhichthesethegeneralpolicyandmanagementcycle,onthebasisofagreed-uponpolicyindicators.FurInaddition,thepolicythathasbeenimplementedmustbemonitoredannuallyinthecontextofFurthertermswillalsobeaguidelineforthetranslationofthestrategicgoalsandcriticalfactorsforsuccessinplanningprocesscanbeginforpolicyareaswithlesspriority,orforseparatepolicyareas.ThereforthepolicymemorandumswhicharesubmittedtotheParliamentofFlanders.In2000,thethestrategicplanningprocessbeganforthelargepolicyareas,helpingtoprovidethecontentandcompetentdepartmentsindrawingupstrategicplansforthemajorpolicyareas.In1999,Thefundingprogrammeprovidesbudgetsfortheexternalconsultancywhichsupportscabinetshavestudies.Inordertomeetthisgrowingdemand,itmustcontinuetoexpanditsdatacapacityandFlemishPublicInstitutionsandlocaladministrations,tocarryoutand/ormonitorstatisticalThePlanningandStatisticsAdministrationisusedasacentreofexpertisebythedepartments,studiesaccesstofundstocarryoutindividualstudiesexternally.•Furtherelaborationofmethodsrelatedtostrategicplanning.ofoperationalplans.creditsareprovidedforthisinthefundingprogramme.willbeusedforconceptdevelopmentandmonitoring.OA24Budgeting,AccountingandFinancialManagementAd-ministration Programme 24.4 Direct debt andThefallinthecreditforthesebasicallocationsistheresultofthereduceddirectdebtin1998BAsrectsingleoverallloanamountingto0.22billionEUR.ThissectorwastransferredfromtheindiFlemishCommunity).In1998,theuniversityloans(academicsector)weretransferredintoacember1997onprovisionsrelatedtothemanagementoffunds,debtsandguaranteesofthedebt,aswellasalltheloanstorefinancetheabove-mentionedloans(cf.theDecreeof16Detofinanceitsdeficits,orcontractuallytakenoverbytheFlemishCommunityfromtheindirectFlemishCommunity.Directdebtconcernsloans,eithertakenoutbytheFlemishCommunityThisprogrammeconcernsthemanagementandfinancialservicesforthedirectdebtofthetothedirectdebt.41.02and60.021999,whichisimmediatelytranslatedintoasignificantdeclineintheburdenofinterest. Programme 24.80 Indirect debt wellAsfordirectdebt,itisofcentralconcerntopreventtheFlemishinterestfromsnowballing,asistionofspecificpolicyprojects.Thisisincasethecapitalrepaymentsandtheburdenofinterestgion),orbylesserauthorities,orbytheFlemishCommunityitself,tofinancetheimplementapursuanceofalawordecree,andfallingundertheFlemishCommunityortheFlemishReTheindirectdebtconcernsloanstakenouteitherbylegalpersonsinpubliclaw(establishedinFlemishThisprogrammeconcernsthemanagementandfinancialservicingoftheindirectdebtoftheCommunity.attheexpenseoftheexpensebudgetoftheFlemishCommunity.asminimisingtheburdenofinterestsothatthereisroomfornewexpenditure. chapterIII.4–86
tantworksofsubordinateadministrations),orimporpremium(forexample,inthesectorofsubsidisedornegotiationsresultinginasignificantreturnofcasesthiswasaccompaniedbyearlierrepaymentscontractuallyestablishedprovisions.Insomeimumsavingsoninterestwithinoroutsidetheuniversities),attemptsweremadetoachievemaxpanyforWaterSupply,CreditfortheFlemishInvarioussectors(includingtheFlandersComreallocationsofcredits(cf.theuniversities). chapterIII.4–87
3.EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OA33HigherEducationandScientificResearchAdministration(OND) Programme 33.2 University education thecationandresearch.Ifinternationalcooperationistobeapriority,itisimportanttoprepareforInaddition,theFlemishauthoritieswishtopromotetheinternationalaspectofuniversityedu-budget2000isstillatransitionalbudget.Thepolicyaimsandactionswillbetranslatedintermsofthetechnological,socialandscientificfields(responsiveuniversities).Inthisrespect,thebudgetforTheinstitutesmusthavethefundstorespondadequatelytothemanychangesinthescientific,principleFlemishauthoritieswillmaintainfreeaccesstouniversityeducation,andcontinuetoadoptthecontinuetosupportanimprovementinthequalityofuniversityeducation.Apartfromthis,theyoungFlemishpeople,asfaraspossible,fromaninternationalperspective.Thepolicymustfordableandhighstandardofuniversityprovisions,whichmeettheneedsofpresentandfutureTogetherwiththeuniversities,thegovernmentthereforeworksoutapolicytoprovideanafthreethesethreedimensionsoftheirtask,inaccordancewiththedecree,andpursueexcellenceinalltificresearchandacademicservices.TheyhavetoachievethebestpossibleinteractionbetweenIntheinterestsofsociety,universitiesworkbothinthefieldsofacademiceducationandscienlesserProgramme33.2concernsuniversitystudentsinFlanders,theFlemishuniversities,and(toaextent),someotherinstitutesofacademiceducationandresearch.sectors.thatthecostsarelargelycoveredbycommunityfunds.atalaterstage.future.CreditsareprovidedforthisinProgrammes33.2and33.3. Sources: • the Decree of 12 June 1991 related to the universities of the Flemish Community; • the Flemish government manifesto; • thispolicyarea.TheuniversityfundingthroughthisprogrammeconsistsoftheoperationsubFunding,controlandregulationsarethemostimportantinstrumentsusedbytheauthoritiesinthethreeprogressreportsoftheHonoraryVice-Chancellor,RogerDillemans,“OptimalisinguniversityprovisioninFlanders”.sidiesandtheemployers’legalcontributions(togetheraccountingforapproximately90%ofthetotalbudgetofProgramme33.20),theinvestmentsubsidies,andthesocialgrantsforstudents.BA41.21,41.22,44.81,44.82,44.83,44.84,44.85and44.86OperationsubsidiesforFlemishuniversitiesTheoperationsubsidiescontributetocoveringthenormalexpensesforacademiceducation,scientificresearch,scientificservices,andtheadministrationofFlemishuniversities.Theenvelopeisindexedinaccordancewiththeuniversitydecree,takingintoaccountthesalarynormfor80%andtheoperatingnormfor20%.In1998,themethodofcalculationoftheuniversityoperationsubsidieswasrevised,takingthefollowingobjectivesintoaccount:•toformulatearesponsetothepartialabolitionofArticle130oftheDecreeof12June1991relatingtotheuniversitiesoftheFlemishCommunity,asamendedbyArticle127oftheDecreeof21December1996,relatedtoEducationVI,inadecisionoftheCourtofArbitration; chapterIII.4–88
• thetocorrectthesignificantdifferencesinthecostpriceofeach“educationaltaxunit”betweenuniversitiesthemselves; • toonceagainfinancehigheracademiceducation,inwhichthecontrolofthisspendingcontinuestobeanimportantstartingpoint; • to structurally increase the basic funding of madebyhighereducationarejustified,andcancountonsupportinpoliticalquarterstocontheneedforhighlyqualifiedpeopleandahighstandardoffundamentalresearch,thedemandsInviewoftheincreasingimportanceoftheuniversitiesinthecurrentknowledgesociety,andthetooutputfunding(basedonthenumberofdegrees).Inaddition,theoverallbasicsubsidyincontrol,andastepistakenfrominputfunding(basedonthenumberofeducationaltaxunits)them.Inthisway,higheracademiceducationisexplicitlyfunded,thecostpriceremainsunderwhichisdividedamongsttheuniversitiesonthebasisofthenumberofdegreesawardedbytheFlemishuniversitiesprovidedasumof11.6millionEURforhigheracademiceducation,Thenewfundingregulationcomplieswiththeseconditions.Theoveralloperatingenvelopeforuniversities.budgetyear1998wasstructurallyincreasedby7.44millionEUR.tinuetoincreasethebasicfundingoftheuniversitiesinastructuralsense.TheGovernmentofFlandersmanifestoclearlystatesthatthedeficitsrelatedtotheoperationsubsidiesmustbemetinthenearfuture.Inthiscontext,thesefundswillcontinuetobeincreasedinastructuralsensefromthebudgetyear2000.Withtheenvelopefornewinitiativesineducation,thesumwasincreasedby4.96millionEUR.Thismeansanewstructuralincreaseintheoperatingpaymentof3.79millionEUR,from2000.Thecreditforthisin2000isover0.5billionEUR.BA40.73Subsidyforsocialprovisionsforstudents(Decreeof12June1991,Art.140bis)Thesesocialsubsidies(13.80millionEUR)contributetocoveringthecostsofstaff,operatingcosts,equipment,andthefinancialcostsofthesocialprovisionsofstudents.ThisBAalsocov-erstheacquisition,establishmentorexpansion,rebuilding,maintenanceandrepairsofreales-tateusedfortheirsocialfacilities.BA60.12CapitaltransfersforrealestateinvestmentsforuniversityeducationAninvestmentcreditof21.91millionEURisprovidedfortheFlemishuniversities.Thismustbeusedfortheexpensesarisingdirectlyfromtheacquisition,establishmentorexpansion,rebuilding,maintenanceandmajorrepairstorealestateusedforeducation,research,scientificservicesandadministration.Thisincludestherealestateusedforheavyscientificequipment.Thefinancialcostsarisingfromloansforinvestmentscanalsobepaidwiththis.Theinvestmentcreditsareinadequatetocovertheinfrastructuralneedsoftheuniversities.Theyarebarelysufficientforthemaintenanceandminorrenovationprojects.TheGovernmentofFlandersmanifestoemphasisestheimportanceofadecentworkingenvironmentandinfrastructureforthequalityofeducation.Thereforethegapbetweentheexistinginvestmentfundsandrequirementsmustbeprogressivelyclosed.From2000,theinvestmentcreditswillbestructurallyincreasedinthisrespectby5.21millionEURnet(actualincrease)onanannualbasis.BA61.47CapitaltransfersforrealestateinvestmentsforI.T.G.Acreditof0.27millionEURisallocatedfortheinvestmentsoftheInstituteofTropicalMedicineinrealestate.BA41.22,44.87and44.89Thedecreeof18May1999,concerningsomeinstitutesforpublicwelfare,forpostgraduateeducation,scientificresearchandscientificservicesregulatesthesituationofsomeoftheinstitutes:theFlemishinteruniversityInstituteofDevelopmentPolicyandManagement(I.O.B.),whichsucceededtheexistingCollegefortheDevelopingCountries),theVlerickLeuvenGhentManagementSchool,andtheInstituteofTropicalMedicine.Acharacteristicfeatureofallthreeisthattheydevelopeducationalactivitiesinthesphereofpostgraduateuniversityeducation,on chapterIII.4–89
nationaltion,thereare0.11millionpersonnelandoperatingcostsforBelgium’sparticipationininter-scientificresearchinthefieldoftheDutchlanguageandculture(0.21millionEUR).Inaddi-41.46forajointpolicyrelatedtolexicographiclanguageprovisions(0.23millionEUR),andInthecontextoftheGENTactionprogramme,specificcreditsareallocatedforBAs33.47andTheseBApersonnelexpenditurewereremovedbymeansofasubstantialincreaseofthesecreditsin1999.versities,inparticularthehigheremployers’contributionofthefreeuniversitiesinthefieldofThesecreditswereincreasedto12.61millionEUR.Thedifferencesbetweenthevariousuni-JuneBA44.90Legalandconventionalemployers’contributionsforfreeuniversities(Decreeof12lionEUR),andtheMartinBuberUniversityInstituteforthestudyofJudaism(0.05million).SubsidiesarealsomadeavailabletotheFacultyofProtestantTheologyinBrussels(0.29milBAs(1.29mentSchool(1.38million),theInstituteofTropicalMedicine(7.58million),andtheI.O.B.Inthebudgetfor2000,thefollowingsumswereallocated:theVlerickLeuvenGhentManageomytheeffectivenessandqualityoftheirperformance,thoughwithoutinterferingwiththeautonsubsidiesoftheeducationandresearchactivitiesofthesethreeinstitutions,andlinksthemtoonthetitlesofthedegreestobeawarded.Inthisway,thedecreeregulatestherecognitionandagementagreementswiththeseinstitutions(afundamentalconditionforsubsidy),anddecideInimplementingthedecreeof18May1999,theGovernmentofFlanderswillconcludemanJuneorganisationalframeworkofacademiceducation,asdescribedintheUniversityDecreeof12inthatfield.Uptonow,theeducationalactivitiesofthethreeinstituteshavefallenoutsidethethebasisofatraditiondatingbackmanyyears.Theyalsoconductresearchandprovideservices1991.oftheinstitutesthemselves.million).44.80and44.881991,Art.136)12.03,33.47and41.46BAsareintendedforspendinginthecontextofinternationalcooperation.activitiesinconnectionwiththesciencepolicy. Programme 33.3 Coordination of the Higher Education Policy Theganisationaddedvaluefortheinnovationintechnologicaleducation.ThesystematicuseofICTfortheorvestmentsaregreatestinthisfield.Theinnovationinthecontentsofstudyprocessesformsantoinnovationsintechnologicaleducation.Thisrequiresanadditionalincentive,becausetheintheknowledge-basedsociety.Inviewofthelimitationsofthefunding,prioritymustbegivenmatter,organisationandadministration-thatthesectorwillbeabletofulfilitscrucialroleinhighereducationinallitsaspects-attheleveloftechnologicaleducation,withregardtosubjectucationalqualityandstimulatesinnovation.Itisonlybymeansofsystematicinnovationintionandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)inhighereducation.Thisguaranteesthefutureedhighereducation.Priorityisgiventoprojectswhichareaimedatthesystematicuseofinformatentbyco-fundingvaluableinnovationprojectsoftwoormoreuniversitiesorinstitutesofTheGovernmentofFlanderswishestostimulatetheinnovationconcernedtoanimportantexjects1997,12projectswereapproved;in1998,therewereanother10.In1999,anumberofproeligibleforgovernmentco-funding.Aselectioncommissionwassetupforthispurpose.InandinstitutesofhighereducationhavebeenabletosubmitinnovationprojectswhichmaybeInnovationinhighereducationisbecomingincreasinglyimportant.Since1997,universitiestionBA40.10and40.11SubsidiesforOpenHigherEducationandInnovationinHigherEducawerealsosubsidised.ofstudyprocesseswillpromoteitsinteractivecharacterandthefocusonstudy.totalcreditamountsto2.52millionEUR. chapterIII.4–90
OA 39 Services of the Secretary-General Programme 39.2 Coordination of policy and data management whichthegovernmentrequiresananswerinconcreteterms.TheintentionisthatthesubsiThesubjectswhichhavepriority,andtheirimplementation,reflectthepolicyquestionsforBA41.43Subsidyforeducational,policyandpractice-oriented,scientificresearch(OBPWO)Aeachwhichnospecificregulationsapply,andadhocsubsidyapplications),decisionsaretakeninApartfromthis(e.g.,forcommissionsforstudies,publications,ortheexecutionofprojectsforThesespecificagreementswiththeEuropeanUnionfortheSocratesandLeonardoprogrammes.tionsforsubsidisinginternationalcooperationprojectsinthefieldofhighereducation),oron(cf.thedecisionoftheGovernmentofFlandersof23July1998ontheprocedureandcondiThe(co-)fundingofinternationalcooperationprojectsdependsoneitherFlemishregulationscountryGovernmentofFlandersof27March1991.Thenumberofbursariestobeawardedvariesfromfinancialconditionsarethesameforeverycountry,andweredeterminedinadecisionofthebursariestobeawardedandthegeneralandfinancialconditionswhichapply.Thegeneralandtheworkingprogrammesfortheexecutionoftheseagreements.TheydeterminethenumberofTheallocationofbursariesinthecontextofbilateralagreementstakesplaceinaccordancewithBAwiththese(basicinformation,analysesandindicators),itshouldbepossibletoprovidetheministerquantitative)indicatorsandfigures,andhassubmittedthesetotheuniversities.Onthebasisofandqualitycontrolreports),theadministrationhasalreadycollectedasetof(qualitativeandOnthebasisofthevarioussourcesofinformation(annualaccounts,annualreports,databanksandterm,experimentalprojectscanhelptoevaluatetheeffectsofcertainpolicyoptionsinthefield,policy,orwhichplace(thequalityof)Flemisheducationinaninternationalperspective.Short-projects.Itisessentialtodevelopindicatorswhicharedirectlyrelatedtothepreparationofthetionarecollectedbymeansofscientificresearchandparticipationinnationalandinternationaltionofthepolicypreparationandthesupportofpolicyobjectivesatdifferentlevelsofeduca-ThedataandindicatorswhichprovidethisknowledgeandinsightnecessaryforthecoordinanumberthegovernmentabetterinsightintotheoperationoftheFlemishuniversities,onthebasisofaIn1998,theadministrationstartedthe“publicaccountability”project.ThebasicaimistogivetorsBA12.01Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtostatistics,datamanagementandeducationindicaandneweducationalmedia,children’srights,equalopportunitiesforgirlsandboysineducation,passdifferentlevels,suchasthepolicyonimmigrantsanddeprivation,theproblemoftruancy,educationpolicy.Inaddition,thereisthepreparationandelaborationofsubjectswhichencomofthepreparationoftheeducationpolicy(ateverylevelofeducation),andoftheinternationalthespecificsituationwithregardtoeducation.Theprogrammeencompassesthecoordinationtion.TheevolutioninBelgiumandabroadisrecognised,andaspectsofthisaretranslatedtotions.ItsimpactoneducationcanthenbeincludedinthecalculationsforthepolicypreparaTheeducationpolicywillhavetocloselyfollowsocialdevelopmentsandinternationalevolufinally,thetransitionfromeducationtothelabourmarket.ofqualitativeandquantitativeindicators.monitortheoriginaloptions.thenecessaryrelevantinformation.0.67millionEURwereallocatedtothisBA.12.06Avarietyofexpenditureforinternationalcooperationinitiativestocountry.agreementscanvary,dependingonthepartoftheprogramme.individualcase.creditof2.88millionisavailableforthisBA. chapterIII.4–91
researchorientedScientificResearch.0.50millionEURwastransferredfromOBPWOtothespecialForthebudgetyear2000,2.37millionEURisprovidedforEducational,PolicyandPractice-EUR.tificqualityrespectively.In1999,15projectswereapprovedforatotalbudgetof2.67millionbythoseresponsibleforpolicy,andbyscientificexperts,fortheirrelevancetopolicyandscienProjectproposalsthathavebeensubmittedareevaluatedintermsoftheireducationalqualityevaluationfeminisationoftheteachingprofession,newfamilystructuresandparticipationineducation,nels),CSF8-encouragingequalopportunities(evaluationofeducationalprioritypolicy,andremedialcapacityofschools,extendingtheprovisions,educationandotherlearningchan-theorganisationofthelearningprovisions(classificationsofspecialeducation,thediagnosticinganenlargementofscale(scaleandqualityofprimaryeducation),CSteachers),CSF2-adjustingthefunding(fundingpart-timearteducation),CSF4-encourag-forassessment,researchintotheacquisitionofinformation,theevaluationandsalariesoffocusingsuccessivelyon:CSF1-promotingthequalityofeducation(thecapacityofschoolsFor1999,thesubjectswerecollectedtogetherfromtheStrategicPlanforLearningFlanders,tries,tors,whichmeansthatFlemisheducationcanbecomparedwithotherEUandOECDcounofpolicy.Inaddition,theFlemishCommunityparticipatesininternationalprojectsonindicaopportunities.Afterall,theseresultsformaknowledgebaseforthepreparationandevaluationcationalpractice.Thisisdonebymeansofpublications,studydays,andthecreationofcontactThefeedbackoftheresultsisconstantlyencouraged,bothasregardspolicyandasregardseduforpolicy,andeducationalistswithexperienceandexpertiseofthesubjectbeingmonitored.Theresearchiscloselyfollowedbyasteeringgroupofacademicexperts,personsresponsibleforthepreparation,execution,evaluationandmonitoringofeducationalpolicyandpractice.Educational,policyandpractice-oriented,scientificresearch(OBPWO)isspecificallyintendedandsubjects.Afterall,thisdoesnotconcernonlythepreparationofpolicy,butalsothemonitoringterminetheselectionofnewpointsforattention,orthedecisiontocontinueworkonpreviousshortterm.Themonitoringandevaluationofthecurrentandconcludedinitiativeshelptodethemeshavebeenformulatedwhichrespondtospecificneedsinthepreparationofpolicyinthethereforebeenpartofthestrategicplan,“LearningFlanders”.Inaddition,anumberofspecificvalue,andberelevantforpolicy.Since1998,theresearchthemeswhichhavepriorityhavedisedresearchwillprovideinformationanddatawhichwillbothbeofsignificantacademicevaluationofthepolicyoptionswhichhavebeentaken.andassigneditsownplace.F6-differentiationofofprimaryeducation).fund(BOF). chapterIII.4–92
chapterIII.4–93
chapterIII.4–94
OA4.WELFARE,PUBLICHEALTHANDCULTUREDEPARTMENT(WVC)41FamilyandSocialWelfareAdministration Programme 41.1 General welfare policy ofpreviousyears,theemphasisisonfertilityandfamilyformation.Inaddition,attentionisdedynamics,withparticularattentiondevotedtolongitudinalindicators.FollowingtheresearchThefirstlineofresearchdealswiththedescriptionandexplanationofpopulationandfamilyThe1.andbraryanddocumentationservice,scientificinformationandadvicetothemanagement,policyThescientificservicesoftheCBGSconsistparticularlyofvariousseriesofpublications,ali-sectionpolicyimplications.TheCBGShas4scientificsections.However,manyprojectshaveacross-Theresearchconcernsabroaddiversityofpopulationandfamilyquestions,andtheirsocialandservices,TheworkingprogrammeoftheCBGScomprisesthreeaspects:scientificresearch,scientific12.90BA12.21GeneraloperatingcostsoftheCentreforPopulationandFamilyStudiesandBAthetionoftheinsurance,andtheconformityoftheprovisionsoftheDecreeof30March1999onmediationinitsexecution,(theorganisationof)theresponsibilityforthefurtherimplementaimplementationofthisinsurance,thecontributionsoftheinsurance,theindicationandcareweredrawnupregardingthefollowingaspectsofthisinsurance:theexternalcostpriceoftheInordertosupporttheimplementationoftheinsurancefortheseservices,anumberofstudiescerned,whorequirecarealsoincurothercostswhicharenotreimbursed.Formanyofthoseconmedicalcosts,whicharepartlyreimbursedbytheRIZIVandsicknessinsurancefunds,thoseFlemishsystemofsocialinsurance.ThereasonforthiswastherecognitionthatapartfromWiththeDecreeof30March1999,theParliamentofFlanderscreatedtheframeworkforasocialBA12.03Avarietyofexpenditureinthecontextofthepreparationandestablishmentoftheservicesfund,includingstudiesthereareproblemswhentheycannotaffordthesenon-medicalcosts.organisationofthisinsurancewiththeEuropeanregulations.MiscellanuousCentreforPopulationandFamilyStudiesandpolicy-orientedresearch.dimensionandarethereforecarriedoutinco-operationwitheachother.internationalinstitutions.Theresearchprogrammeresearchprogrammecomprisesthefollowinglinesofresearch:•Monitoringthedynamicsofthepopulationandthefamily•Researchintothelivingconditionsofseveralagegroups•Researchintotheeffectsofpolicy.votedtothecompositionoffamilies.Newpointsofinterestincludetheanalysisoftheconsequencesoffamilybreak-ups.Thesecondlineofresearchfocusesonthreeissues:theconciliationoffamily/work,thelivingconditionsoftheelderly,andchildresearch.Preparationsaremadetolaunchalarge-scalesurveyontheelderlyin2001.Thefieldworkofachildrenandadolescentssurveyresultedinadatabase.Thethirdlineofresearchcomprisesthestudyoftheeffectsofpolicy.Thefollowingthemesarecovered:supportforchildrearingandacombinationpolicyasexamplesofresearchintotheeffectsof“familypolicy”,andtheanalysisoftheservicesofthelocalcentresforpublicwelfare(OCMW)asanexampleofthestudyoftheeffectsofacohesionpolicy.Twospecificstudiesonfamilypolicyareimplemented:astudyontheeffectsofflexibleworkorganisationonfamilylife chapterIII.4–95
3.career.stateoftheartreviewhasbeenwrittenonthereconciliationoffamilycareerandprofessionaljectsconsistmainlyofa‘translation’ofthescientificknowledgeforabroaderpublic.In2000,aSomeshort-termprojectsaredevelopedasaresponsetoadhocresearchquestions.Thesepro2.analysisandastudythataimsatdevelopinganauditinstrumentforworkorganisations.Thesecondaryofregisteredwelfaredataisperformedonaregularbasis.Policy-orientedresearchScientificservices Publications TheingopentocontributionsfromoutsidetheCBGS;othersareparticularlyconcernedwithpublishandfamilyresearchamongstdifferentcategoriesofthepopulation.SomeseriesareexplicitlyTheCBGSpublishesvariousseriesofpublicationsaimedatthedisseminationthepopulationtheresultsofownresearch.followingserieswerepublishedin2000:•PopulationandFamily(Journal,inDutch)•CBGSPublications(monographs,mainlyinDutch)•CBGSWorkingDocuments(draftsoforiginalresearch,mainlyinDutch)•NIDI/CBGSPublications(inEnglish)•EuropeanStudiesofPopulation(ESPO) Advice andNIS/Planbureau;PopulationandDevelopment(FederalMinisterofForeignAffairs);Family(PlanningandStatisticsAdministration);OCMW;MinoritiesPolicyAGMW;concerns,inparticular,thecabinet;AGMW;AEB;AROHM;MIRA;MIS;VRINDTheCBGSfulfilsalargenumberofadvisorytasksrelatedtopolicyandtheadministration.ThisWelfareCouncil. Internationalco-operationandrepresentation For 2000, the most important are: • Network for Integrated European Population Studies (NIEPS) • Parental leave arrangements in Europe • UN Commission on Population and Development • European Population Commission (Council of Europe) • Family and Fertility Surveys (UN/ECE/PAU) • Family Impact Monitor (EC) • Population Ageing Policy (UNFPA) • European Research Committee on Ageing • Eurostat: Population Projections • European Observatory for Population Education and Information LibraryandDocumentation ments.AbalancewillbeachievedinconcretetermsbetweenthecontributionsoftheCentreforScientificstudiesandresearcharefundedwithtargetedallocationsbasedonthepolicyrequireBAThefamilyTheCBGSlibraryisahighlyspecialisedservicecoveringpublicationsinthepopulationandfield.Thelibraryisopenforthepublic.anticipatedeffectsare:•Amorethoroughscientificbasisforlongandshort-termpolicy;•Theimplementationofinternationalexpertise;•ThescientificsupportoftheFamilyandWelfareCouncil(G.W.R.);•Contributionstoanadequatefamilyandcarepolicy.12.23Studies,researchandpreparationforscientificconferences chapterIII.4–96
Theaimistoestablishasoundscientificbasisforthepolicy,andtoincreaseinnovationandcreThethecutionandevaluationofpolicy.Inspectioninstrumentsaredevelopedtoassessthequalityofdevotedtothevalorisationandimplementationoftheresearchresultsinthepreparation,exePopulationandFamilyStudiesandthecontributionsoftheadministration.Specialattentionisservicesinthevariouswelfareprovisionsinanobjectiveway.tasksaredividedbetween:•researchintothedevelopmentofself-assessmentforthepurposesofqualitycontrol•researchintothedevelopmentofanintegratedpreventionpolicy•researchintotheneedsandeffectsofprojectsandprogrammesofservicesforspecialyouthassistance•researchintoinnovationsinthedevelopmentofmethodology.ativityintheorganisationofcare,andinthecontentoftheprovisions.BA12.29AvarietyofexpenditureforthecooperationtopromotetheaccessofethnicminoritiesandthepoortothegeneralprovisionsinthewelfaresectorThisbasicallocationaimstomakethebasicwelfareprovisionsmoreaccessibletothepoorandtoethnicminorities,byestablishingadaptedstructures,programmesandstrategieswithresearchintofunctionsandprocesses,byevaluatingthecoordinationbetweenassistanceprovidedandthemethodologies,andbydevelopingtrainingopportunities.Inconcreteterms,cooperationisestablishedwitharesearchinstitutefortheorganisationofinteruniversitycoop-erationandthedevelopmentofappropriatemethods.BA33.01SubsidyfortheFlemishCentreforthePromotionofWelfareofChildrenandFam-iliesThesubsidyfortheFlemishCentreforthePromotionofWelfareofChildrenandFamiliesamountsto0.10millionEUR.Thiscentrehasaspecificrolewithregardtothepreparationofpolicy,concerningtheprogressreportimplementingtheUNTreatyontherightsofthechild,andtheinternationalresolutionsonthefamily.TheCentrecarriesoutstudiesandresearchontherightsofchildrenandfamilies,formulatesrecommendationsinpreparationofpolicy,organisesspecificstudydaysforthoseresponsibleforpolicy,themidfieldandscience,andcreatesaspecialiseddocumentationcentre.Thisisaimedatdevelopingnewviewsonfamilypolicy,abroaderimplementationontheFlemishpolicyontherightsofthechild,andbettersupportfortheannualprogressreport. Programme 41.7 Social welfare emancipationarebeingsetuptopreparespecificactivitiesrelatedtothegeneralplanofactiontopromotethechildrenandyoungpeople”,thegovernmenthasallocatedaspecialisedprovision.ExperimentsWork,SportandEmployment.Inordertoestablishageneralplanofactionfor“immigrantEducation,YouthWorkandYouthWelfareWork,SpecialYouthAssistance,GeneralWelfareimmigrantchildrenandyoungpeopleinthefuture.Thesectorsinvolvedare:ChildandFamily,cificinitiatives,withaviewtodrawingupageneralplanofactiontoimprovethechancesofsions,theyoungpeopleandtheadultsdealingwithyoungpeople,withextrasupportandspeTheaimistoachievecoordinationbetweenthepolicysectorsconcerned,theexistingproviingThereforespecificmeasuresarerequiredtopreventthesechildrenandyoungpeoplefrombedrenandyoungpeopledonothavethesamechancesandopportunitiesasnativeBelgians.ple,bothboysandgirls.Afterall,allsortsofinformationshowsthatatthemoment,thesechilThisBAisaimedatpromotingthefutureopportunitiesofimmigrantchildrenandyoungpeointegrationBA12.01Avarietyofexpenditureforencouraging,organisinganddevelopingactivitiesfortheofethnicculturalminoritiesfacedwithunequalchancesfortherestoftheirlives.oftheseyoungpeople.Agreementsarealsoconcludedforthis. chapterIII.4–97
OAOfFlanders.WelfareWork.ThisencompassesanexaminationoftheprovisionofGeneralWelfareWorkinWiththeavailablefunds,astudymustalsobesetuptodrawuptheprogrammeforGeneralthe1.13millionEURforthisBA,0.25millionisavailableforresearch.42HealthCareAdministration Programme 42.1 Public health AgeneticsInparticular,oneofitstasksistocollectinformationaboutfuturedevelopmentsinthefieldofmembers.placeattherequestoftheauthorities,includingtheGovernmentofFlanders,oroneofitsposedbyscientificresearch,anditsapplicationsinbiology,medicineandhealthcare.ThistakesTheAdvisoryCommitteeforBio-ethicsadvisesontheethical,legalandsocialproblemsimBAnewforpreventivemechanisms.Inaddition,thepolicygivesprioritytopredictivehealthcareasaoninnovativeresearch,suchasthatrelatedtothestudyofinheriteddisorders,andthesearchAsinpreviousyears,0.64millionEUR(35%)ofthetotalbudgetof1.84millionEURisspentdised.healthproblemsandresearchareencouraged.Fourofthesecentresarerecognisedandsubsithepopulationthatiscoveredandtheproblemsthatarise.BoththeacquisitionofinsightsintoThemandateandtasksofthesecentresisworkedoutinfurtherdetailonthebasisofthedataonThescientificknowledgeinthefieldofanthropogeneticsismademoreaccessibleforpolicy.supporttotheFlemishCommunity,andcooperatewiththeuniformrecordingofgeneticdata.terpretinganddealingwiththeresearchresults.Inaddition,thecentresprovidescientifictivestopreventsuchdiseasesorhandicaps.Theyalsoadvise,supportandmonitorparentsinin-Thecentresforhumanhereditystudythehereditarycharacterofdisordersandlookforalterna-BA0.16ofreportsontheadministrativeandmedicalproblemswhichariseinconnectionwiththepracticePractice,MedicalTraining,BiomedicalScientificResearchandMedicalEthics.TheydrawupTherearefourCommissionsintheRoyalAcademyofMedicine:thecommissionsforMedicalBAsentativeshealthcarepolicy,andbyinvolvinghiminthestructureofthedesign.Forthisreason,repreachievedbygivingtheconsumerasayintheformaladviceandevaluationattheleveloftheTheaimistoimprovetheactiveparticipationoftheclient/patientinhealthcare.ThiswillbecludingBA12.02ExpenditureoftheFlemishHealthCouncilandtheFlemishAdvisoryCouncil,incommissionsforstudiesofpatientsalsoformpartoftheFlemishHealthCareCouncilfrom2001.12.32AvarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheRoyalAcademyofMedicinemedicineorpublichealth.Theyadviseonthepromotionofmedicineinabroadsense.millionEURisallocatedtothisbasicallocation.33.35Subsidiesforrecognisedprivateandpubliccentresforhumanheredityfieldforattention.Thenecessarysupportwillalsobeprovidedinthiscontext.41.05SubsidyfortheAdvisoryCommitteeforBio-ethicsandtoorganiseconsultationinthisregard.creditof0.03millionEURwasprovidedforthesubsidy. Programme 42.2 Medical-social policy BA 12.24 Expenditure related to the control of drugs and medical controls in lites.Researchiscarriedoutintothepharmakineticsandexcretionofsubstanceswhichareonlaboratorytestswhichcanleadtotheidentificationofprohibitedsubstancesortheirmetaboimprovingthetechniquestotracetheuseofdrugsinsport.ThisconcernsthedevelopmentofOfthetotalcreditof0.73millionEUR,atleast0.12millionEURisprovidedforresearchintosport chapterIII.4–98
thethepolicyonpublichealth.Theirworkcontributestoagreaterinsightintocertainaspectsofogy,andthesupportforepidemiologicalresearchonthebasisoftheirexpertise,arevaluablefortremelyrelevantinformationforthecommunities.Thespecialisedlaboratoriesformicrobioldisordersthroughanetworkofassessmentpracticesandlaboratories,andthisprovidesexLouisPasteurforanumberofactivities.The“LouisPasteurInstitute”keepsarecordofsomeAgrantof1.37millionEURismadeavailabletotheScientificInstituteforPublicHealth-BAlionThecreditforBA12.29amountsto0.40millionEUR,forBA33.29,itamountsto1.84milenvironmentalronmentalfactors.ThisisinthecontextofamoredetailedapproachtosuspectedzenscanmakecomplaintshereabouthealthmatterswhichtheyconsidertoberelatedtoenviAnotificationcentreforhealthandtheenvironmentwasestablishedattheendof1997.Citiprivacy.data.Obviouslythisshouldbedonewithinthecontextofthelegislationontheprotectionofbeengroupedinthematicclusters,devotingattentiontotheharmonisationandexchangeofrelevanttopolicyontheincidenceofanumberofdisorders.Since1999,theseprojectshaveInaddition,theFlemishCommunitysubsidisesresearchprojectswhichprovideinformationmonitoringjectiveswithregardtohealth.Finally,aframeworkwillbedevelopedforthedecreetofacilitatepromotingthetransferofdata.Creditsarealsoavailablefordrawingupvalidindicatorsforobrelevantpolicyinformationonhealth.In2000,investmentsarebeingmadeinthefundsforInexecutionofthegovernmentmanifesto,priorityisgiventothecreationofadatabankwithBAtheBA12.29ExpenditureinrelationtoepidemiologyandthecollectionofindicatorsincludingcaseTheremaining0.35millionshouldallowfortheimplementationoftheplaninstagesinthedersforthemonitoringandsurveillanceofwellwater,swimmingwaterandrecreationalwater.lionofthiswillbetransferredtothebasicgrantofthePublicEnvironmentalAgencyofFlan-Thecreditwasincreasedfrom0.43millionin1999to0.78millionin2000.Probably0.42milofEverystagemustalwaysbeconcludedwiththeadequatepublicationoftherisks.Theexecution3.ifnecessary,further-reachingquantificationoftheproblemattheenvironmentalandatthe2.ifnecessary,aqualificationoftheproblem,bothattheenvironmentalandatthehealthlevel;1.apectednewinitiativeisconcernedwithestablishingastandardisedplaninstagestotacklethesusandwelfare.Thesocialneedforareliableresponsetothisconcernisobvious.Inthiscontext,aInaddition,citizensalsohavequestionsabouttheeffectofthedirectenvironmentonhealthandcontext,oneoftheaspectsconcernsthemonitoringandsurveillanceofthequalityofwellwaterItisabasictaskofthegovernmenttoensurethatwecanliveinahealthyenvironment,InthisBAinthelistofprohibitedproducts.Thereisalsoparticipationinscientificcontactswhichtakeplaceaninternationalcontext.12.25Researchrelatedtothehealthandtheenvironmentofthequalityofswimmingandrecreationalwatersbythehealthcareadministration.sourcesofenvironmentalillnesses.Therearethreedistinctstages:roughassessmentofthesignal,bothatanenvironmentalandatahealthlevel;healthlevel.thisplaninstagesfortheidentificationofsourcesrequires“scientificactivities”.ofcomplaints,and,forexample,tocarryouttoxicologicalresearch.developmentofsoftwareand33.29Subsidiesrelatedtoepidemiologicalresearchandthecollectionofindicatorsinthehealthandwelfaresector.healthclusters.EUR.45.03GrantfortheScientificInstituteofPublicHealth-LouisPasteurpopulation’shealth. chapterIII.4–99
OA 45 Culture Administration Programme 45.2 Cultural development and libraries TheycessibleinstituteswhichmaketheheritageofideologicalandphilosophicalmovementsinFlandersacThecreditfortheacademicpolicyamountsto0.81millionEUR.Thisisusedtosubsidisefour(DecreeBA33.09SubsidyforthePrivateLawDutchLanguageArchiveandDocumentationCentresof27June1985)tostudyandresearch.arealsocentreswhichprovideservicesforthegovernment,themediaandthepublic. Programme 45.3 Visual Art and Museums fortionaccessibletothepublicandprovidinginformation.Thefourthdepartmentisresponsibleresearchrelatedtothecollection,conservingandmanagingthecollection,makingthecollechaveworksofart,andforinformingthepublic.TheKMSKAhasfourdepartments.Threeofthesecatalogues.Inaddition,thefundsareusedforpurchases,theconservationandrestorationofusedforthestudyofthevastcollection,theorganisationofexhibitions,andthepublicationof(InternationalCouncilofMuseums).Themuseumhasabudgetof2.05millionEUR,whichisexhibitionsandprovideinformation.ThesetaskscorrespondwiththeprovisionsoftheICOMprisearangeofactivities:toacquire,preserve,carryoutresearchonworksofart,organiseprisingdrawingsandsculptures.TheemphasisisonFlemishart.Thetasksofthemuseumcom-TheKMSKAhasafinecollectionofvisualarts,mainlyconsistingofpaintings,butalsocom-tutesGovernmentofFlandersrelatedtothestatuteandorganisationoftheFlemishscientificinstiBoththestatuteandtheorganisationoftheKMSKAwereamendedinthe“Decisionofthe1883.monumentalnineteenth-centurymuseum,whichwascommissionedbythecityofAntwerpinTheKMSKAisascientificinstitutemanagedbytheFlemishCommunity.ItishousedinaseumBA41.01GrantforthedivisionresponsiblefortheindividualmanagementoftheRoyalMuofFineArts,Antwerpandtheregulationofthepersonnel’slegalposition”,dated28January1997.anacademictask:theadministrationandlogisitics. 1.ThedepartmentwhichcarriesoutresearchrelatedtotheCollection ofInthedepartmentwhichcarriesoutresearchrelatedtotheCollectionthefocusisonanumberimportantprojects:•thepublicationofanewcatalogueofthecollection(2002)•theorganisationofexhibitions. Exhibitions2000-2001 12 March - 24 September 2000 Rubensunderthespotlight Dossier project(FundforAcademicResearch/UniversityofAntwerp-UFSIA),anumberofthepaintresultsoftheresearchintothecollectiontothepublic.InthecontextofauniversityresearchThisexhibitionisthesecondinaseriesofsmallerexhibitionsinwhichtheKMSKApresentstheExhibitioningsofPeterPaulRubensandhisschoolinthemuseumcollectionwereexaminedwithinfraredradiation.Thistechniquemakesitpossibletoexamineanddocumentthelayerunderneath,whichsometimesbecomesinvisibleduringtheprocessofpainting.Twosketchesinoils,designsbyRubensfortheTriumphalEntranceintoAntwerpoftheCardinal-InfantaFerdinandin1635,areofcentralimportance.Intheexhibition,theresearchresultsarecomparedtothe chapterIII.4–100
25tioninthesetwomuseumspresentsaselectionfromthisrichculturalheritage.loan,andthedrawingsofsculpturestotheStedelijkPrentenkabinetofAntwerp.Adoubleexhibichasedthecollection.ThebozettiweregiventotheRoyalMuseumofFineArtsonlong-termfigures-andalmost800drawingsofsculptures.In1997,theKingBoudewijnFoundationpurcourseoftheyears,hebuiltupauniquecollectionwhichcomprisedabout100bozetti-terracottathesculpturefromAntwerpdatingfromtheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies.OvertheuntilDecember1994.CharlesVanHerckhimselfwasparticularlyinterestinsculpture,especiallyLeopoldstraatinAntwerp,wheretherewerealmostmonthlyauctionsofworksofartandbooks1947,hefoundedthefirm,CharlesVanHerck&Son,afirmofauctioneers,ontheCharlesVanHerck(1884-1995)wasawell-knownAntwerpantiquarianandartconnoisseur.InJune-24September2000 project of the NICC and 22ofTheys,JoëlleTuerlinckxandUlliLindmayrareincludedinauniqueselectionandpresentationWachter,BoyStappaerts,JohanPas,BerndLohaus,AnnyDeDecker,GuyRombouts,HanstheNewInternationalCulturalCentre(NICC)inAntwerp.GuillaumeBijl,LilianeDeFrom25Juneto24September,theKMSKAishostingthisexhibition,whichisorganisedbyKMSKA100yearsofartists’initiativesinBelgium.June-24September2000
17KMSKA.Hirschhorn,hascreatedhismonumentalwork,RubensChallenge,intheRubensroominthedifferentplacesinthecity.Inthecontextofthisexhibition,theSwissartist,Thomastemporaryartiststoexpresstheirviewsonthechangingperceptionoftheworldatvariousseum,wheretheatlaswasprinted.Inaddition,thecurator,MoritzKüng,isinviting36conTerrarumdatingfrom1570,andtheOfficinaPlantiniana,nowinthePlantinMoretusMu“theglobalvillage”.Someofthekeyexhibitsarethefirsthistoricalatlas,theTheatrumOrbisconfrontationbetweentheviewofthepast-the“terraincognita”-andthecontemporaryview,OrbisTerrarumisanexhibitionofcartographyandcontemporaryart.ThecentralthemeistheMuseumSeptember-21January2001
TheCharlesVanHerckcollection.Terracottasfromthe17thand18thcenturies
OrbisTerrarum-WaysofWorldmaking
Mo(u)vements1900-1999 A
12thethepaintingsbytechniquessuchasX-raysandinfraredreflectography.Finally,“Rubensunderoriginalworksofart.Attentionisalsofocusedontherolewhichcouldbeplayedinthestudyofspotlight”givesagoodideaofwhatatriumphalentrylookedlikethreecenturiesago.March-24September2000
NicaiseDeKeyser Dossier paintingswassolemnlyunveiledinthehallofthemuseum.Thethreemainworksillustratetheseumsince1855,wascommissionedtodothesepaintings.InAugust1872,thecycleof39Keyser(1813-1887),whohadbeentheDirectoroftheAcademyandtheCuratoroftheMuFriarsMinor,togetherwiththeAcademy.Thewell-knownAntwerppainter,NicaiseDethetisticpastshouldbereflectedinamonumentalcycleofpaintings.HechosethemuseumhallforIn1859,MinisterCharlesRogiersuggestedtotheAntwerptowncouncilthatthecity’sricharExhibitionlocationoftheseworks.Since1810,thishadbeenhousedintheformermonasteryofthe chapterIII.4–101
A project organised by ANTWERP OPEN and the Plantin-Moretus
CatalogueoftheoeuvresofFlemishPrimitivesinthemuseum’sowncollection: Primitives”)Adetailedcataloguewithdescriptionsofthefifteenth-centurymasters(so-called“FlemishoftheKMSKAcollectioniscurrentlybeingprepared.
TheKMSKAYearbook
Barbarareflectography)isbeingcarriedoutontwokeypiecesintheJanVanEyckcollection,viz.,St.GalleryinLondon,detailedphysicalresearch(includingdendrochronologyandinfraredIncollaborationwiththeRoyalInstitutefortheArtisticHeritageinBrusselsandtheNationalandtheMadonnawiththeFountain.
2.ThedepartmentfortheConservationandManagementoftheCollection information(inthefirstphase,onlyaformalopening)ofthelibrarycollectionispartofthepolicyrelatedtocommodatestherestorationwork,aswellasthelibraryandarchives.Theretrospectiveopeningpracticalnature.Italsomonitorsthephysicalconditionoftheworksofart.Thisdepartmentacetc.).Thedepartmentcoordinatesalltheavailableinformation-boththatofascientificandofathemovementsoftheworksofart,suchasloans,andmovementsforthepurposesofresearchogyforallthedataprocessing.Theconservationandmanagementofthecollectionfollowsallformstheconnectionbetweenalltheotherdepartments,usingmoderninformationtechnolTheconservationandmanagementofthecollectioniscarriedoutbyanewdepartment,whichtechnologyoftheDepartment,andhashighpriority. chapterIII.4–102
andabroad,isanindicationoftheKMSKA’sreputationanditscooperationwithothermuseumsTheinterestintheYearbookanditslargecirculationtomuseumsandlibrariesinBelgiumandsesoriginalessaystothis.Theeditionfor2000dealswithfemaleartists,genderstudies,andanalyvotedtoAntoonvanDyck(1599-1641).TenexpertsfromBelgiumandabroadcontributedvotedtoaparticularfigure,schoolorapproach,Forexample,the1999editionwaswhollydeowncollection.Since1999,theYearbookhasadoptedadifferentapproach.EveryissueisdeUntilrecently,theYearbookpublishedshortstudiesofFlemishpaintingandthemuseum’sofFlemishartinspiredbythefemininepointofview.scientificinstitutes.
MauriceGilliams by the Vita Brevis
Organised
Research projects and publications, ResearchintothedeadpainttechniqueinworksfromtheschoolofRubens:2000-2001
-searchresulted,interalia,intheexhibitionofthefiles,“Rubensunderthespotlight”(12MarchArnoutBalis(Ufsia)intotheprocessusedinthepaintingsofRubensandhisschool.Thisre-Usinginfraredreflectography,researchisbeingcarriedoutunderthesupervisionofDr.24September2000).
15withisnoworganisinganexhibitionofthecreationoftheseriesandtherestoration,supplementednewMuseumofFineArts,nowtheKMSKA.Thecyclewasrecentlyrestored,andthemuseum1890,DeKeyser’sensemblemovedtothewallsaroundthespeciallydesignedstaircaseinthehistoryoftheAntwerpSchoolfromthefifteenthtothebeginningofthenineteenthcentury.Inaselectionofdrawingsandpaintingsfromitsowncollection.October-21January2001
theshiptothevisualartsandhisviewsontheartist,work,lifeandtransienceareillustratedwithfrom1955to1960.Inhiswork,therearemanyreferencestothevisualarts.Gilliams’relationprosewriter,MauriceGilliams(1900-1982).GilliamsworkedintheKMSKAasalibrarianIncooperationwiththisFoundation,theKMSKAisdedicatinganexhibitiontothepoetandFoundationuseofliteraryandiconographicdocumentsandworksofart.
ResearchintoJanvanEyck’smaterials:
ogyofthecollection,inadditiontotheimplementationofafullyintegratedinformationtechnolFor1998-2000,thepolicyplanofthedepartmentemphasisestheconservationandrestorationsystemforthemuseum. 3.ThePublicFunctionDepartment importanttractingvisitors.Thedepartmentsupportsthevariousresearchprojectsandexhibitionstoanthepublic:providingandreceivinginformation,trainingandeducation,presentation,andatfunctiondepartmentisbeingfullydeveloped,andconcernseveryaspectofitsrelationshipwithForanymuseum,itsrelationshipwiththepublicisanessentialaspect.TheKMSKA’spublicextent. Programme 45.4 Music, Literature and Dramatic Arts andforTextEditing(inanexistinginstitute),andforprojectscoordinatedbyitrelatedtoarchivingFor2000,0.39millionEURhasbeenprovidedforthefoundationandoperationofaCentreandpreparationofneweditionsofFlemishclassicalworksofliterature,thesystematicinventoryLife(AMVC)andtheRoyalAcademyforDutchLanguageandLiterature(KANTL)fortheIn1999,alimitedscientificprojectwassetupintheArchivesandMuseumofFlemishCulturalheritage.ThiscreditisusedtosubsidiseinitiativeswhichbenefittheconservationoftheFlemishliteraryliteraryBA33.04SubsidiesforscientificresearchandinitiativeswithregardtoconservingtheFlemishheritagepublicationofthecorrespondenceandarchivesofourFlemishauthors,etc.editingthe“paperheritage”inthefieldoftheliteratureandmusicofFlanders. Programme 45.5 General culture policy BA 12.24 Surveys, studies and OAwithregardtothefunctionofprovidingsupportforpolicy,aswellasforthesectorsconcerned.Since1998,alltheresearchhasbeenpublishedintheformoffiles.ThisprovidesawiderscopeternalAcreditof0.5millionEURiswhollyusedtocarryoutanumberofstudiesandsurveysbyex-auditsexperts,withaviewtoimprovingthequalityoftheculturalpolicy.49ServicesoftheSecretary-General Programme 49.2 Tourism BA 33.01 Subsidy for the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (Decree of 30 May optimaliseboththeaccessibilityandthechildandfamily-friendlyaspectsofthetouristprovision.Flemishtouristprovision.Bothstudiescanleadin2001toinitiativesandprojectstoimproveandAtthesametime,astudyisbeingcarriedoutintothechildandfamily-friendlyaspectsofthe2000guide,VlaanderenVakantieland(FlandersHolidayLand),studiesarebeingcarriedoutinFollowingtheresearchcurrentlybeingcarriedoutintotheaccessibilityoftheprovisioninthe0.42BAmatelyThecreditforthesciencepolicyconcernedamountsto1.19millionEUR,ofwhichapproxicialistinstitutesatmanylevels.Theemphasisis,aboveall,onresearchinsitu(particularlyinthespeporatedinalltheworkoftheKMDA.ThisinvolvescooperationwithuniversitiesandspecialistScientificresearchisoneofitskeytasks.Thereforethecomponentofscientificresearchisincorparticular,statementforthenextcentury:“Tomakeacontributiontotheconservationofnature,andinTheRoyalZoologicalSociety(KMDA)hasadoptedthefollowingobjectiveasitsmission1985)theconservationofthediversityoflifeonEarth.”fields,ethologyandveterinarymedicine).0.36millionisintendedforresearch.41.01OperatinggrantforTourismFlandersmillionEURisprovidedforsciencepolicy.toexpandthissummarytoincludetheaccommodationavailableinFlanders. chapterIII.4–103
chapterIII.4–104
chapterIII.4–105
OA5.ECONOMICS,EMPLOYMENT,HOMEAFFAIRSANDAGRICULTUREDEPARTMENT(EWBL)51EconomicsAdministration Programme 51.5 Natural resources and energy OACreditmonitoringemissionsandtheactionstobeimplementedinthesesectors.Finally,thereisthescientificsourcesandcombinedheatandpower,possibilitiesofenergysavings,thereductionofCO2policy.Forexample,therearestudiesonthepossibilitiesandimpactofrenewableenergyThisbasicallocationallowsforthepreparatoryresearchandresearchinsupportoftheenergyBACreditlicences.supportinthecontextofthedecreeongravel,andresearchintothecompliancewithminingnerability,researchinthecontextoftheobligationtodrawupenvironmentaleffectreports,cises,samplesandanalysestodeterminethepotentialofminingareas,andtheirecologicalvul-tothegeologicalmappingofFlanders(digitalisation)andtherandomexploratorydrillingexer-subsoilintheDatabankontheSubsoilofFlanders(DOV).Inaddition,referencecanbemadeofageneralinterest.OneoftheprioritiesisthecentralisationofinformationontheFlemishternalscientificandtechnologicalservices,viz.routinemeasurementsandthecollectionofdataInthecontextofthepolicyonmineralsandgeologicalresearch,thereisaneedforrecurrentex-presenceBA12.03Expenditureforresearchintotheundergroundgeologicalstructure,thepossibleCreditsingintometallicmineralisations,alwaysdevotingattentiontopossibleeconomicallyfeasibleminrawmaterials.Inaddition,strategicgeologicalstructuralresearchiscarriedout,forexample,usedforthis.ProjectsinsupportofthisarealsocarriedouttopromotetheuseofalternativeupontheconsumptionandproductionofprimaryandsecondaryrawmaterialsandthespacecalstructureoftheFlemishsubsoil.Inthisrespect,referencecanbemadetothestatisticsdrawnThiscreditisusedmainlyforshort-termappliedresearchonminingactivitiesandthegeologilogicalBA12.02Avarietyofexpenditurefortheresearchintoquestionsrelatedtosubterraneangeostructureandwithregardtoautomaticdataprocessingactivities.forthesciencepolicy:0.18millionEURofminerals,andwithregardtotheDatabankontheSubsoilofFlandersforsciencepolicy:0.99millionEUR.12.25Agreementsrelatedtotheenergypolicyoftheenergydemonstrationprojects,subsidisedbythegovernment.forsciencepolicy:0.49millionEUR.52Employmentadministration Programme 52.4 Employment ment1994,togainabetterinsightintothecomplexprocessesofsupplyanddemandintheemploymodel,theGovernmentofFlandershashadthenecessarymonitoringandstatisticaldatasinceknowledgeofthelabourmarketwhichisasthoroughaspossible.BecauseoftheVIONAThedevelopmentofaneffectiveemploymentandtrainingpolicymustbesupportedbyaandreportsontrendsselectedinthecontextoftheVIONAresearchprogramme(seebelow).thesupport,monitoringand/orevaluationofpolicy.ThistakesplacemainlyfortheprojectsThisbasicallocationisintendedforalltheaspectsofemploymentmarketresearch,focusedonabroad,BA12.21Studiesandresearch,avarietyofexpenditurewithregardtoeventsathomeandandwithregardtopublicationsandpublicationmaterialmarket. chapterIII.4–106
OAtachedoftheprocedures(betweenVIONAandPBO),andontheotherhand,theimportanceatmingforseveralyears,therearetwootherstrikingelements:ontheonehand,thecoordinationInrecentyears,theresearchprogrammewasputbackontrack.Inadditiontotheprogram-sciencementofadministrations,cabinets,socialpartnersandexperts.AbridgeisbeingbuiltbetweenThesignificantaddedvalueoftheVIONAmodelisitsbroadbasisresultingfromtheinvolve-lionterm(after3or4years).Asub-envelopewasprovidedamountingtoapproximately0.50mil-tostartalongitudinalsurveywhichwillreducethenumberofadhocsurveysinthemediumthaninpreviousyears(0.99million,comparedwith0.50million).Thisincreaseisbeingusedprovidedco-fundingof0.99millionEURfortheVIONAresearchcall.ThissumishigherThisyear,thePBO(basicallocation12.29ofProgramme71.1-Generalsciencepolicy)againFund.(PBO,0.50millionEURperyear),andfrom1998itwasalsofundedbytheEuropeanSocialtheemploymentmarketwasco-fundedbytheProgrammeforPolicy-OrientedResearchtemptswerealwaysmadetofindco-fundinginthepast.From1997,theVIONAresearchintoAsthefundsforthe“employment”budgetarenotsufficienttofundtheentireoperation,atEmployment,InteruniversityMonitoringGroup(IUB)andviathecoordinationoftheFlemishSupportformendations.Thescientificsupportandexecutionoftheresearchiscarriedoutviatheproachoftheemploymentmarketresearch,andanalysestheresultstoformulatepolicyrecomMonitoringGroupforStrategicEmploymentMarketResearchdeterminesthegeneralapThedevelopmentofVIONA,whichisbasedonthreefoundations,willbecontinued.TheresearchThisshouldalsoresultinanintegratedandcoordinatedapproachtopolicy-orientedscientificmarketinordertoprovidethenecessaryscientificsupportfortherelevantpolicyinFlanders.icy.Theaimistodetermine,recordandexaminethedevelopmentsintheFlemishemploymentket”),isamodelforstrategic,scientificresearchintotheemploymentmarket,insupportofpolVIONA(“FlemishInteruniversityResearchNetworkforReportsontheEmploymentMarinthefieldofthelabourmarket.LabourandTraining(WAV).EURforthedevelopmentofthislineofenquiry.andpolicy,the“products”areenthusiasticallyreceivedandhaveagreatimpact.tovalorisation.53HomeAffairsAdministration Programme 53.1 Local and regional authorities BA 12.20 Study costs related to regional and local public AccountancytheProgrammeforPolicy-OrientedResearch)andacomparativestudyontheNewMunicipaltionfortheregionalisationofmunicipalandprovinciallegislation(co-fundinginthecontextofFlemishmunicipalities;thedevelopmentofatestoftheFlemishmunicipaldecreeaspreparamostimportantcurrentstudiesfor2000are:researchintotheadministrativepowersoftheandsupportofpolicyoftheregionalandlocalauthoritiesbytheGovernmentofFlanders.TheThesecredits(0.18millionEUR)areintendedforstudiesaimedatimprovingthepreparationauthoritiesandthenewOCMWaccountancy. Programme 53.2 Social Impulse Fund (SIF) eryInpursuanceofArticle5oftheDecreeof14May1996,thenecessarycreditsareprovidedevcombatawarenessraisingforrestoringthequalityoflifeandtheenvironmentindeprivedareasandtoBA12.03ExpenditureinthecontextoftheSIFfortraining,monitoring,informationanddeprivationyearforresearch.For2000,theavailablecreditamountsto0.42millionEUR. chapterIII.4–107
OABookThesecreditsarenotusedforresearch,but0.07millionEURisprovidedtodrawupthe“YeartiondeprivationandtosupportprivatelawassociationswhichdevelopactivitiestocombatdeprivaBA33.10Subsidiesforresearchandexperimentswithasupramunicipalscopeonthesubjectofpendingarerepresented.AWhitePaperisalsobeingdrawnup.TheresearchtaskswillbedrawnupdeInthecontextoftheurbanpolicy,a“taskforce”isbeingestablishedinwhichseveraldisciplinesonthesupportthatisrequiredforpolicy.onpovertyandsocialexclusion”,byProfessorVranken.54AgricultureandHorticultureAdministration Programme 54.1 Agriculture, horticulture and rural policy sibleweedkillersandpesticides,energyconsumptionandemissionsofammonia.Thesearetheposronmentally-friendlyagriculture.Themajorproblemareasrelatetofertilisers,theuseofgardtosustainablebusinesssystemsinagricultureandhorticulture,inconnectionwithenviThisbasicallocationprovides0.25millionEURtomeettheenormouslackofresearchwithremethods,BA53.04Supportandresearchrelatedtoenvironmentally-friendlyagriculturalproductionscienceproductsinFlanders.Approximately0.48millionEURofthetotalsubsidyisavailableforthe3,000families.ThisprovidesacontinuousmeasurementofthedomesticsaleofagriculturalTheinformationaboutthisconsumerpatternanditsevolutioniscollectedfromapaneloftiontheFlemishagricultural,horticulturalandfisheriessector.Thisappliesforthedifferentpopula-ThisbasicallocationcomprisesbudgetsforresearchintotheconsumerpatternofproductsofBAThestoragequencesofmeasuresplannedwithregardtotheenvironmentorrelatedmatters,suchaswaterenvironmentalissuesthemselves,butaremoreconcernedwiththeeconomicindustrialconse-mentandincome)andtheinfluencethattheFlemishpolicyhasonthis.Theydonottacklethethesestudiesusuallyrelatetotheeconomyofagriculturalandhorticulturalbusinesses(employcontractedout.InviewofthetasksoftheAgricultureandHorticultureAdministration(ALT),Ifthereisinsufficientinformationavailableforthepreparationofpolicy,studiesaresometimesinterBA12.01Specificoperatingcostsrelatedtothepolicyforsupportingagriculture,including,alia,fees,thecostsofpublications,andpublicitycampaignsandthedevelopmentofnature.creditforsciencepolicyamountsto0.10millionEUR.33.02SubsidyfortheFlemishCentreforagroandfisheriesmarketinggroupsattheleveloftheFlemishRegion.policy.andorganicagricultureissueswhichmaybedealtwith. chapterIII.4–108
chapterIII.4–109
6.ENVIRONMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEPARTMENT source-orientedcombatingofenvironmentalpollution,thestand-stillprinciple,andtheprincisense,itisconcernedparticularlywithpreventivecare,preventiveaction,apreferencefortheThisplacestheenvironmentalpolicyfirmlyinthecontextofsustainabledevelopment.InthisthreeThedecreecontainingthegeneralprovisionsrelatingtoenvironmentalpolicylaysdowntheministrationOA61Environment,Nature,LandandWaterManagementAd(LIN)(AMINAL)objectivesoftheFlemishenvironmentalpolicy:•themanagementoftheenvironment;•itsprotection;•theconservationofnatureandthepromotionofbiologicalandlandscapediversity.plethat“thepolluterpays”.Inaddition,othercharacteristicscanbedistinguished,suchastheaimforinteriorisation-thosewhocontributetocreatingenvironmentalproblemsmusttakeresponsibilityforitthemselves,andintroducemeasurestoreducetheenvironmentalpollution-ensuringthatfuturegenerationsarenotlefttocopewiththeproblems,ensuringthattheenvironmentisnotoverburdened,concludingrecyclingprojects,energyexpansionandpromotingquality.WithinthepolicyarearelatedtotheEnvironment,researchisfundedbothfromthegeneralbudgetandbytheMINAFund.Inordertocoordinatethemanydifferentsubjectareas,creditsandclients,aphysicalprogramme,AppliedScientificResearchintotheEnvironment(TWOL),isdrawnupeveryyear.ThisaimstoachievethecoordinationoftheresearchprojectscarriedoutinthedepartmentsofAMINAL,theInstituteofNatureConservation,theInstituteforForestryandGameManagementandtheFlemishPublicInstitutions,VLM,VMM,OVAMandVMW.Areasofstudywhichareconsideredincludevariousformsofpollution(air,water,soil);noisepollution;groundwatermanagement;environmentalplanning;environmentallaw;environ-mentalhygiene;externalsafety;environmentaleffectreports;studiescarriedoutbylaboratoriesinvolvingmorethanjustmeasurements;forests;hunting,fishing;thegreenarea;forestryresearch;forestrysurveys;conservationofnature;reallocationofland;landuse;hydraulics;watermanagementinagriculturalland;theprovisionofdrinkingwater,andwastematerials.TWOL2000continuesinthesamedirection.Inadditiontotheresearchinsupportofthepolicywhichhasbeenimplementedforsometime,agreatdealofattentionisfocusedinparticularondevelopingnewconceptsandsupportingtheplannedpolicy,asproposedintheFlemishEnvironmentPlan(1997-2001)-theMINAPlan2.Forthecurrentpolicy,attentionisdividedoverthevariousbudgetitemsdescribedindetailbelow.Someimportantissuesincludewaste,natureandwater.ThisalsoincludestheFlemishImpulseProgrammeforNatureDevelopment(VLINA).Toimplementthe1997-2001EnvironmentPolicyPlan,alargenumberofresearchprojectswerestartedaswell.ThesereflecttheaimsandthestrategydescribedintheMINAPlan2.ThecreditsforthiswerecollectedtogetherononeitemoftheMINAFund(previouslyunder2.19,since2000,under2.28).Intermsofcontent,itfollowstheapproachoftheMINAPlan.Thismeansthattheresearchprojectsaredrawnuponparticularissues(suchasacidification,dehydration,lossofbiodiversity),orthattheydealwithintegratedaspects(targetgrouppolicy,policyfocusedonparticularareas).Ingeneral,thestructureoftheTWOL2000ProgrammecompletestheprovisionsoftheMINAPlan2.Thisstatesthatattentionintheplanningperiodisfocusedoncoordinationandeffectivetargetingoftheresearch,andonthedisseminationoftheresults.Theexistingcoordinationstructuresforscientificandtechnologicalresearchprogrammesarebeingimproved.Particularattentionwillbefocusedondrawingupresearchprogrammesforseveralyears,andprovidinginformationonandtheapplicationofresearchresults. chapterIII.4–110
I. Science policy on the budget of the MINA Fund Art. 2.2 Operating grant for the VMM (Public Environmental Agency of quantitativeinsightintothenitrogencycleandthemovementofnitrogeninthesoilandshalThisamountwillbeusedforadditionalscientificresearch.TheaimistoobtainaqualitativeandscientificVLMFertiliserBank.InthecontextoftheamendmentoftheFertiliserDecree,thecreditforThetotalcreditforArt.2.3amountsto10.43millionEUR,ofwhich9.52millionisfortheVLMenvironmentArt.2.3CurrentexpenditureinapplicationoftheDecreeof23.1.1991ontheprotectionofthe3.Training,ofThesestudiesfallundertheauspicesofthetasksoftheVMM,imposedbydecree,andformpart2.Technologicalsubstancestionofpolicy.ThelaboratoriesoftheVMMinGhent,OstendandAntwerpanalysepollutedsisforalltheplansofactionandreportswhichareusedforthepreparation,supportandevaluanetworkair).Theinformationfromthevariousmeasurementnetworksformstheobjectivebamentnetworkwater)andthequalityoftheairintheenvironment(immissionmeasurementwaters(immissionmeasurementnetworkwater),dischargesofwastewater(emissionmeasure1.TheVMMbuildsandexploitsmeasurementnetworksformonitoringthequalityofsurfaceSummary1.69Ofthetotalgrantof52millionEUR,9.5millionisallocatedtothesciencepolicy,ofwhichFlanders)millionisforresearch.ofthemostimportantpolicylines.inthewaterandtheair.researchandstudies:theexecutionoftheannualenvironmentalprogrammes.Theresearchisfocusedon:•theconstantimprovementofmonitoringasaninstrumenttoprepareandsupportpolicybydevelopingappropriatemethodsforsamplingandanalysis;•thedevelopmentofmodelsoftherelationshipbetweenemissionandimmissionasaninstru-mentforthepreparationofpolicy;•thescientificfoundationinsupportofnorms,resultingfromastudyoftheimpactoftheen-vironmentonecosystemsandhealth;•thescientificbasisforreportsontheenvironmentandnature.OrganisationandHumanResources:•PermanenttrainingoftheemployeesisanimportantwayofachievingtheobjectivesandthemissionoftheVMM.•ThetrainingpolicyisseenasanessentialinstrumentofHumanResourcesManagement.Inthetraining,theemphasisison:managementandcommunicationtrainingtechnicaltraininginformationtechnologytraining(computerstaffandendusers)specificjobtraining.•Theorganisationisdevelopedinsuchawaythatitprovidesthemaximumsupportforachievingtheobjectives.againstpollutionbyfertilisersFertiliserBankresearchwasincreasedin2000,to1.24millionEUR.lowgroundwater,bothhorizontallyandvertically.Thevariousprocessesinvolvedaremonitoredandquantified.Thenitrogenwhichisreleasedintothesoilmustbestudied,andthetransportofnitrogenbygroundwaterclosetothesurfaceintosurfacewatershouldbefollowedup,determiningthepossibleconversionsofnitrogenduringthistransport.Therelationshipbetweenfertilisationwithnitrogenandresidualnitrogen,ontheonehand,andsimilarly,residuesandconcentrationsingroundandsurfacewater,areimportantresearchsubjects.Theprojectshoulddeterminethevaluesofnitrogenresidueswhichcorrespondtothe50and25mgofnitrate/lingroundandsurfacewater. chapterIII.4–111
mainInaccordancewiththwhichOfthetotalcreditof178.11millionEUR,1%(1.75million)isallocatedtosciencepolicy,oftweenArt.2.10Currentexpenditurefortheapplicationoftheagreementof10November1993beedgebasisoftheeco-designproject,FlemishindustrymusthaveanopportunitytobuildupknowlenvironmentalconcernsinindustryinrelationtotheLife2000demonstrationprojects.Onthe0.5millionEURisallocatedtoresearchonthiscreditline.ThisconcernssubsidiesrelatedtomentalArt2.7CurrentexpenditurerelatedtothePRESTIProgrammeandotherprojectsforenvironvelopmentspecifictasksoftherespectivedivisions,frompolicypreparationtotheexecutionofnaturedevisionismorediverse.Itsupportsthepracticalexecutionandplanningofthegeneralanding(NTMB),theresearchplannedbytheNatureDivisionandtheForestsandGreenAreasDiWhileresearchbyAMINABELrelatesinparticulartoTechnicalNaturalEnvironmentalBuild-andvironmentandNaturePolicyDivision(AMINABEL),theForestsandGreenAreasDivision,Theavailablecreditservestofundtheplannedstudies,whicharesubmittedbytheGeneralEn-theticularareas-butalsoinordertodeterminestrategiesandtoexaminetheimpactofpoliciesonofthedevelopmentofnature-sometimesinthecontextofveryspecificactionsrelatedtopar-ResearchinsupportofpolicyiscarriedoutinthecontextoftheTWOLprogrammeonbehalfgations.theRamsar,thedirectivesonbirdsanddirectivesonhabitats,inordertocomplywithouroblioneofthemostimportantnaturalareas.Attheinternationallevel,weshouldalsooptimalisevalleyecosystemsinthecontextoftheFlandersIntegralWaterConsultationandofthecoast,asyear2000.Actionsonthedevelopmentofnaturearefocused,interalia,onthepreservationofThesumof4.93millionEURisallocatedtoArticle2.5oftheMINAFundforresearchintheArt.wasteResearchisalsobeingproposedforprojectsontheprocessingpossibilitiesofchipfat,animalwaste.astheselectivecollectionofGFTwaste,andthecompositionofselectivelycollectedpaperAnevaluationiscarriedoutoftheobjectivesoftheexecutionplanonhouseholdwaste,aswellcentresuationresearchonthepreventionofhouseholdwasteandpreventioninindustry.RecyclingThereissupportiveresearchfortheFlandersWasteandEmissionPreventionCentre,andevalwasteDecreeof2.7.1981onthepreventionandmanagementofwastematerialsandtherespectiveThiscreditisusedtofundstudiesandresearchinthewastematerialssector-inexecutionofthe1.94transfersArt.2.4CurrentexpenditurefortheapplicationoftheWasteMaterialsPlan,includingthetotheOVAMforthispurposemillionofthetotalcreditof5.57millionisallocatedtoresearch.materialsplans.andcontainerparksarealsocloselyexamined.andorganicindustrialwaste,aswellasthepermanentreductionofhouseholdwaste.2.5CurrentexpenditurefortheapplicationoftheNatureDevelopmentPlanqualityofnature.theNatureDivisionofAMINAL.projectsinthefield.technology,andenvironmentalconcernsinindustryandexperienceinthefieldofenvironmentallyrelatedproductdevelopment.theRegionofFlandersandNVAQUAFINapproximately0.98millionisforresearch.eR&Dstrategy,moreworkwillbecarriedoutintheyear2000,onthetopicsthatweredeterminedin1997:•Optimalisingdesignandexploitation(emphasisoneconomicaspects).•TotalwaterpolicyandKWZIs(emphasisonecologicalaspects).•Noiseandsmellpollution:forecasts/prevention/remedialaction(emphasisonsocialaspects).•Newmarkets(emphasisonvalorizationofknow-how).•Siltdeposits(emphasisonnewpossibilitiesfordeposits). chapterIII.4–112
jectincooperationwithVITO,andtheconclusionofthefull-scaleimplementationoftherecyInaddition,thereisaprojectincooperationwiththeRUGandSevernTrent,anewSVWpro-technology,withthepossibilityofusingthistechnologyintherenovationofSchildeandHeist.In2000,moreattentionisfocusedon“newmarkets”,inparticular,onrecyclingandmembranewithTheproposedresearchprogrammefor2000continuesfurtheralongtheroutetakenin1999,willThefollowingdevelopmentswilldeterminethedirectionwhichResearchandDevelopmentests,Inordertocontinuetofocusresearchinaccordancewiththeprevailing(inter)nationalinterinformationiscollectedviadifferentchannels:•(inter)nationalconferences•(inter)nationalcontacts/tradefairs/workshops•constantmonitoringoftheliteratureandscreeningofpatentswhicharesubmitted•thedirectiveslaiddownbytheECinthefifthframeworkplan(DGXII-Science,Research&Development)•nationalandregionaldevelopmentsingovernmentpolicy.takeinthenextfewyears:•Theincreasingawarenessoftheneedforanintegratedwaterpolicytakingsustainabilityintoaccount:contained,interalia,inthenewactionsinthecontextoftheFlandersIntregalWaterConsultationCommittee,thegovernmentmanifestoofthenewgovernment.ForAQUAFIN,theemphasisisontheincreasingattentiontosmall-scalewaterpurification,recycling,theseparationofrainwaterandfloodprevention.•Thetechnologicalevolutioninthefieldofmembranetechnologyrevealsthefuturepossibilityofwastewaterpurificationwithnewtypesofreactors:themembranebio-reactor,whichismorecompact,doesnotrequiresubsequentsedimentation,andproduceseffluentwhichhasrealpossibilitiesofrecycling,forexample,fordrinkingwaterorwaterusedinindustrialprocesses.Inouropinion,thisevolutioniscomparablewiththetransitionofabouttwentyyearsago,fromthetechnologyofoxidationbedstoactivesilt.•Anincreaseinthecalculationspeedofcomputers,sothatdynamicmodelscanbeusedformorecriticalcalculations,riskanalysesandadvancedchecks.afewshiftsinemphasis.clingoftheeffluentoftheRWZIWulpen.Inthecontextoftheoverflowproblem,theoverflowwaterinthemunicipalityofBornem,willbetreatedonthebasisofamethoddevelopedbyAQUAFIN,usingfloatingwaterplants.InthefieldofKWZIs,severalinitiativeshavebeenintroduced,includingthepromotionoftwodoctorates(RUGandKULeuven),theconstructionofanewAQUAFINsystemwithatrialreedbed,andthedevelopmentofKWZIswhichremovenutrients,orindividualpurificationsystems.Inaddition,itisworthnotingthetestingofanewlydevelopedonlinemonitorwhichmeasurestheamountofpollutioninsewers,developedinthecontextofanECproject,incooperationwiththeWRc(UK).ThisprototypeisbeingtestedbyAQUAFINin2000.Theknow-howinthefieldofmodellingisappliedinthefollowingprojects:•riskanalysisforthedesignofRWZIsassoftwareinsupportofpolicy,toevaluatetheriskofcriticaldimensions,incooperationwiththeRUGandtheKULeuven;•theriskanalysisprojectincooperationwiththeKULeuven,forabetterevaluationoftheuncertaintyregardingtheuseofhydrodynamicseweragemodels;•themodellingofnoiseemissionandimmisionofRWZIs,sothatforecastsandmodificationstothedesigncanbemadeduringthestageofthestudyofthearea. chapterIII.4–113
videdTheprojectsinthecontextofVLINA(1996-2000)involveresearchinsupportofpolicydiprovidetheGovernmentofFlanderswishestocreateasolidbasisforthepolicyonnature.TheprojectsWiththeintroductionoftheFlemishImpulseProgrammeforNatureDevelopment(VLINA),theArt.2.25CurrentexpenditurefortheapplicationoftheVLINA,laiddowninthedecisionofation2.Five-yearly:thestudyoftheScenariointhescenarioreport(MIRA-S):thecentralelement1.Yearly:thestudyoftheConditioninthethemereport(MIRA-T):thecentralelementinreports:EachreportplacesitsownemphasisononeofthethreetasksoftheenvironmentalandnatureThereforetheproductionofMIRAwilltakeplacealongthreelineswiththreetypesofreport.thatthetaskimposedbythedecreecannotbecarriedoutwithjustonetypeofdocument.1996andcontainedmorequantitative,model-basedinformation.However,experienceshowsqualitysurveyofthesituationinFlanders.ThesecondreportwaspublishedintheautumnofThefirstMIRAreportwaspublishedinthesummerof1994andprovidedabroad,buthighofacourselookingtothefuture,andtoinformthepeopleaswellaspossibleabouttheconditionaccessibleenvironmentalinformation.Thepolicyrequiresthisscientificknowledgetomapoutenvironmentalandnaturereports.TheseprovideananswertothedemandforstructuredandTheDecree(April1995)instructedthePublicEnvironmentalAgencyofFlanderstodrawupSummary0.45mentalvironmentalReport(Decreeof5April1995containingthegeneralprovisionsontheenvironArt.2.18AdditionaloperatinggranttotheVMMforavarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheEnofacterisation,theevaluationoftheFlemishsoilcleaningnormsofmetals,andthedeterminationThemostimportantstudiesconcerntheinsitucleaningofsoilpollutedwithmercury,oilcharis2.95millionEURofthetotalcreditof7.59millionEURisallocatedtoresearch.ThisbudgetDecreeArt.2.17OVAM-AdditionalgrantforgroundcertificatesreferredtoinArticle4,§5oftheof22February1995relatedtocleaningupthesoilmeantforprojectsinthecontextofthedecreeof22.2.95,concerningsoilcleaning.interiorairqualityinthecaseofsoilpollutionwithvolatilesubstances.policy)millionEURisallocatedtoresearchonthiscreditline.ofthemostimportantpolicylines.theenvironment,thecausesofanyproblemsthatarise,andthepossibleconsequences.thisisthedescriptionofthequalityofnatureandtheenvironment.ThefirstT-reportwaspublishedinMarch1998,thesecondin1999.inthisreportistheexpecteddevelopments,withparticularattentiontotheprobableevolutionswiththecurrentpolicyandwithamodifiedpolicy.3.Two-yearly:thePolicyevaluationinthepolicyevaluationreport(MIRA-BE).Researchonhowandtowhatextentthepolicyisimplementedhasalreadyresultedinchangesinthequalityofnatureandtheenvironment.Thisthree-prongedapproachshouldimprovethecoordinationwiththepolicyplanning.Thethemereportwillbepublishedannuallyatthebeginningofspring,astheknowledgebasefortheenvironmentalannualprogrammes.ThefirstscenarioreportisplannedforOctober2000andwillalsoformthebasisforthenextenvironmentalpolicyplan.Thetwo-yearlypolicyevalureportsareexpectedfrom2001.GovernmentofFlanderson8February1995scientificsupport.The2000budgetforresearchamountsto2.48millionEUR.amongthefollowingfiveareas:•indicatorsforbiodiversityandnature-orientednorms;•ecologicalaspectsofnaturedevelopment;•fragmentationofhabitats;•eco-hydrology;•socialaspectsofnaturedevelopment. chapterIII.4–114
II.moreproach,instruments...)oftheMINAPlan.Thereisalwaysadirectrelationshipwithoneorbiodiversity)andaspects(cooperationwithauthorities,costsandfunding,area-basedapfortheenvironment,nuisancecausedbyodours,nuisancecausedbynoise,dehydration,lossofoftheozonelayer,climatechange,acidification,thespreadofsubstanceswhicharedangerousitemtofundtheplannedstudies,etc.Intermsofcontent,thesecoveralltheissues(thethinningAMINAL,aswellasseveralFlemishPublicInstitutions(VLM,VMM)makeuseofthisbudgetVariousdivisions(DirectorateGeneral,AMINABEL,NatureDivisionandWaterDivision)ofmentthanarerecordedintheGeneralBudgetofExpenditurefor2000,asapprovedbytheParliaicy,whichiswhollyspentonresearch.MorepolicycreditsareavailableforthisArticle2.28Programme.Approximately62%(15.95millionEUR)ofthiscreditisallocatedtosciencepoleratingcosts,aswellasfundingstudiesfortheimplementationoftheEnvironmentalAnnualtheFlemishEnvironmentalPolicyPlan(MINAPlan).ItcoversboththepersonnelandtheopThecreditforArticle2.28oftheMINAFund(25.73millionEUR)isusedfortheexecutionoftheArt.2.28AvarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheadditionalenvironmentandnaturepolicyforexecutionoftheMINAPlan,withtheexceptionofsubsidiesandcapitalexpenditureofFlanders,becauseofabudgetrider.oftheactionsoftheEnvironmentalPolicyPlan.Sciencepolicyonthegeneralbudget Programme 61.1 Environment executionofEnvironmentalRegulations)werealsosubmittedtothebudgetallocation12.59.ViatheDirectorate-General,anumberofCEMstudies(CommissionfortheEvaluationoftheThethemeTheEnvironmentalInspectionDivisionsubmittedastudytoBA12.59inthecontextofthetalLicencesDivision(0.05millionEUR).TheplannedstudiesinAMINABELarerelatedto:(0.51millionEUR),EnvironmentInspectionDivision(0.07millionEUR),andEnvironmen-vironment(TWOL).TheproposalsaresubmittedbythreeAMINALdivisions:AMINABELcutionoftasksinthephysicalprogrammefor2000ofAppliedScientificResearchintotheEn-Forthebudgetyear2000,thereis0.66millionEURavailableforthisbudgetitem,fortheexe-ronmentalpollutionandnoisepollution;theexecutionofstudiesrelatedtoenvironmentalproblems,envi-BA12.59Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtothedetection,preventionandcombatingofaireffectreportsandexternalsafety•Environmentaleffectreports:–DeterminingtheenvironmentalimpactofthedraftmobilityplanforFlandersbymeansofastrategicEnvironmentalEffectReport(TWOL2000)Researchintotheeffectivenessofenvironmentaleffectreports•ClimatepolicyExternalevaluationoftheFlemishclimatepolicy•SafetyreportsDrawingupahandbookofdirectivesforexternalsafetyreports•AirpollutionStudysupportingapolicyonthereductionoftheemissionofsubstanceswhichpollutetheair,fordomesticheatingsystemsStandardisationofdistributionmodelsforairpollution•ThedistributionofsubstancesdangeroustotheenvironmentResearchintotheuseandemissionsofchimneysinFlemishindustryEnvironmentalLicencesDivisionislaunchingtworesearchprojectsonthesubjectof•InstrumentsThelegalincorporationofready-madeenvironmentallicencesintheexistingregulationofenvironmentallicences.Selectionofrelatedactivitieswithalimitedenvironmentalimpactfromthelistofestablishmentswhichareincluded. chapterIII.4–115
Abudgetof2.54millionEURwasallocatedtoBA61.42fortheoperatingyear2000,forsubmeasurementnetworksforwaterandair,andthedevelopmentoftheenvironmentaldatabankBA61.42SubsidytothePublicEnvironmentalAgencyofFlandersforthedevelopmentofTheforTheAMINALDivisionforEuropeandtheEnvironmenthassubmittednineresearchprojectsfallingBA12.63Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheexecutionofstudiesonenvironmentallaw,tractsInaddition,themajorityoftheavailablecredit(1.97millionEUR)isspentonlaboratoryconthesionscanbedrawnabouttherisksrelatedtodifferenthydrauliccleaningmethodsforroofs,ontowhatextentasbestosisreleasedintotheairbythehydrauliccleaningoftheseroofs.Conclucontainingasbestos”.Theintentionistoinvestigateonthebasisofquantitativemeasurements,InspectionDivisionofAMINAL,the“ResearchintoasbestosexemptionbycleaningroofsOneresearchproject(0.06millionEUR)wassubmittedunderBA12.62bytheEnvironmentandrent,analyses,otherthanthosereferredtointheprevioussectionwithsampling,interpretationwastematerials,fertilisersandair;studiesbyspecialistlaboratoriesformorespecific,notcurcontractuallydescribedanalysis,samplingandinterpretationofwastewater,groundwater,BA12.62Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedto:agreementswithrecognisedlaboratoriesfortheprintingInaddition,partoftheavailablecreditcanstillbespentonavarietyofexpenditure,suchasidentifyTheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforAgricultureandtheEnvironmentstillhastothepolicypriorities.publications(MERandVR).advice,ifrequired;theofficialexecutionofsanctionsbasisoftheresearchdata,dependingonthematerialtobecleaned.(analysis,samplingandinterpretationofsamples,safetystudies...)undertheactivitiesoftheDivisionforEuropeandtheEnvironmenttheyear2000.Thereisawiderangeofsubjects:•RIO+10:TheEuropeanUnionandthepreparationofnewEarthSummitin2002•FundingtheinternationalenvironmentalpolicyintheRegionofFlanders:acomparisonwiththeneighbouringcountriesandresearchintoinnovativefundinginstruments•ResearchintothestateofaffairswithregardtotheimplementationinFlemishlegislationofinternationalconventionsonenvironmentalmanagementlaw•Thelegalframeworkfortheuseofwindandsolarlightasenvironmentallyfriendlysourcesofenergy•Thelegalstatusofwatermillsinenvironmentallaw,andtheuseofwaterasapotentialgeneratorofenergy•Thelegal,administrativeandbudgetaryimplicationsoftheAarhusConvention•Interregionalandcross-bordercontrolandresolutionofenvironmentalconflicts•ThepossibleapplicationsofflexibilitymechanismsfortheKyotoProtocolbytheFlemishRegion•PossibleopportunitiesfortheFlemishRegionwithregardtothetransferoftechnologytodevelopingcountriesinthecontextoftheClimateConventionavailablecreditforresearchamountsto0.26millionEUR.sidiesfortheVMM,forthemanagementofthemeasurementnetworksforwaterandair,andtheenvironmentaldatabank.Themostimportantpolicylinesare:•Thedevelopmentandexploitationofnetworkstomeasurethequalityoftheairandwater,andanetworktomeasuredischargesofwastewater.Thecollecteddataservetoprepare,supportandevaluatepolicy.•Thedevelopmentofnetworkstomeasurethe“air”,inordertocomplywiththeFlemishandEuropeanregulations,todeterminethegeneralqualityoftheairinFlanders,toinvestigateairpollutionincertainproblemareasingreaterdetail,andtoevaluatetheinformationcollected,intermsoftheeffectsofairpollutiononpublichealthandtheenvironment.•TheFlemishenvironmentaldatabankconsistsofthreeelements:licencesandcharges;measurementsandnotifications;soil-basedissuesandGIS.ThesecondelementismanagedbythePublicEnvironmentalAgencyofFlanders. chapterIII.4–116
ment,Agency,theOECDandEUROSTAT.Thesereportsgiveapictureofthestateoftheenvironanddirectives.ThereshouldbeapossibilityofjointreportstotheEuropeanEnvironmentTheproceduresandmethodsadoptedforthismustbeinlinewiththeinternationalstandardsupwithaviewtotheproposedaccountabilitywhichshouldsupporttheenvironmentalcleaning-families,agriculture),aswellasthepopulation,municipaldepartments,publiclibrariesetc.,Theinformationacquiredmustbeavailableforconsultationbythetargetgroups(industry,policy,whole,sothattheinformationbecomestransparentandaccessibletoeveryoneresponsibleforThethreeelementsofthedatabankwilleventuallybeamalgamatedinavirtualandlogicalviaa“datawarehouse”(irrespectiveofthephysicalplaceandmanager/owner).operation.Theinternetwillplayanimportantroleinthis.andformavalid,reliableandcomparablebasisforpolicy. Programme 61.2 Nature BAs 11.04, 12.03, 12.45 and 74.02 Institute of Nature Conservation The total credits for these BAs amount to 2.86 million Theconcernabouttheconservationofnatureisnotmerelyasectoralpolicy.ItmustbeinteThe6.Nature5.Nature4.Landscape3.Ecohydrology2.Ecotope1.Populationicy.TheresearchoftheInstituteisfocusedmainlyonscientificresearchprojectsinsupportofpolEUR.Thepriorityareasorissuesarecoveredbythefollowingsixunits:andecologicaldistributionunitclassificationandbiologicalevaluationmapunitandwatersystemsunitecologyandmanagementofnatureunitdevelopmentandpolicyunitReportunitobjectivesare:•Topromotebio-diversityandthesustainabilityofnatureinFlanders;thisshouldtakeplaceatthesamerateorwithinthesameperiodasinsurroundingcountries,withregardtoeveryaspect,i.e.,includingissuesrelatedtothepollutionofthenaturalsystems,whichrequiresspecificresearch;•Tocarryoutscientificresearch,toprepareandsupportpolicywithregardtotheconserva-tionofnatureandrelevantgovernmentpolicy;•PartofthetaskoftheInstituteisdescribedinmorespecifictermsintheDecreerelatingtotheConservationofNatureandtheNaturalEnvironment(of24/10/97).ThemaintasksinthisincludedrawingupthereportontheStateofNatureinFlanders,supportingthenaturepolicyplan,providingsupportfortheFlemishEcologicalNetwork,LargeNaturalUnit,andGENO(LargeUnitforNatureinDevelopment),ecohydrologicalstudiesandevaluation;•Tobroadenandextendthesocialbasisbyconvincingcitizens,businessesandgovernmentsthatbehavinginamoreenvironmentallyresponsiblewayisabsolutelyessential;thisrequiresthedisseminationofpopularpublications;•Toincreasetheefficiencyofthemeasuresbymeansofapreventivepolicytopreventdamagetonatureasfaraspossible;thisrequiresapermanentpolicyevaluationbyevaluatingeffectsinthefield.gratedintheday-to-daymanagement/policyoftheotherdepartmentsoftheFlemishCommunity,butalsooftheprovinces,municipalitiesandFlemishPublicInstitutions.Specialcoordinatingstructureswereestablishedforthispurpose,suchastheeightEcologicalImpulseAreas,thesixRegionalLandscapes,theMunicipalNatureDevelopmentPlans,etc.,inwhichanattemptismadetoachievetotalqualitycontrolandthebestpossibleintegrationofthefunctionsofthelandscapewithsocialandeconomicrequirements.Inaddition,theinternationalactstowhichFlandersisapartyareimplemented,suchastheconventionsofRamsar(1971),Bonn(1979),Berne(1979),andRiodeJaneiro(1992),aswellasthedirectivesoftheEuropeanUnion,suchastheBirddirective(1979)andtheHabitatdirective(1992).ThesupportforpolicyprovidedbytheInstitutemainlytakestheformofadvisoryreportsandthedevelopmentofviewpointsbasedonscientificsupport,e.g.,thedesignandelaborationof chapterIII.4–117
1.
2.Ecotopeclassificationandbiologicalevaluationmapunit appliedandmorefundamentalresearchontheclassificationofbiotopesandecotopes,andofThefieldsofactivityofthisunitcanbebrieflysummarisedasthecoordinationandexecutionof chapterIII.4–118
Eachjectsandprojectsaresubdividedinto6“cellular”unitsattheInstituteofNatureConservation.thedevelopmentofpolicyinstruments,inanidentifiableandpragmaticway,theresearchsubInordertostructurethebroadscopeofscientificresearch,whichistoalargeextentfocusedonandFlanders-ResearchintotheEnvironmentalEffectsoftheSigmaPlan-whichiscoordinatedample,referencecanbemadetotheOMESresearchprojectapprovedbytheGovernmentofplanning,careofthelandscape,VLM,VMM,federalsciencepolicy,andmanyothers.ForextionalBotanicalGarden.Furthercooperationexistswithpublicworks,townandcountrystituteforForestryandGameManagement,RoyalBelgianInstituteofNaturalSciences,Nacooperation.Closerelationsexistwithuniversitiesandotherscientificinstitutions,suchasInsions)andwithotheradministrationsorpara-regionalauthorities,thereisanactivepolicyofThroughtherelationswithAMINAL(boththeheadquartersandtheexternalprovincialdiviindicate(e.g.exotics),themanagementproposalsforprotectedareas,andinventoryandevaluationtolatesitsvisionconcerningthe(re)introductionofspecies,thepolicyonspecificproblemspeciesandthreatenedspecies),andthebiologicalevaluationmap.Inaddition,theInstituteformuAreas,andRegionalLandscapes,thereportonthestateofnatureinFlanders,Redlists(ofrarethedesirablenaturalstructure,theDuneDecree,pilotprojectsforlanduse,EcologicalImpulsespecialprotectedzones.partlycarriedoutbytheInstituteofNatureConservationitself.unithasitsownclearlydefinedobjectivesandidentity. Population and ecological distribution unit tions.speciesandautecologicalresearch,researchofbio-indicators,andthemonitoringofpopula-searchofdistributionpatternsandapplicationsfornatureconservation,theprotectionofualspeciesandtaxonomicgroups.Thesubjectscanbegroupedunderfourheadings,viz:re-Theprojectscarriedoutbythisresearchunitdealwithvariousaspectsoftheecologyofindivid-Thefollowingspecificprojectsarecarriedout:•FlorabankFlanders•Thecompilationandapplicationofadatafileontheecologyofinvertebratesonbehalfofconservation,managementanddevelopmentofnatureinFlanders•SpeciesprotectionplanandindicativevalueoftheAlconbluebutterfly•DetailedmappingofpopulationsofRedListbutterflies•ThedistributionandstatusoffishfaunainFlanders•HabitatsoffishinriversResearchintothehabitatecologyofDaceandChubHabitatevaluationandbiotoperecoveryforfishinareascoveredbytheHabitatDirectiveResearchandadvicerelatedtofishmigrationHabitatrequirementsoffishandthemanagementofrivers•DistributionofamphibiansandreptilesinFlanders•Comparativestudyofreproductivecharacteristicsofinsularandcontinentallizards:Indicationsfortheexpectedeffectsofhabitatfragmentation•TheatlasofbreedingbirdsinFlanders•ColonialandrarebreedingbirdsinFlanders•RedlistofbreedingbirdsinFlanders•Thedevelopmentofaframeworkfortheevaluationofforestdevelopmentasascenariofornaturedevelopmentinvalleyareas•CountsofwinteringwaterbirdsinFlanders•MonitoringandresearchofwinteringgeeseinFlanders•Monitoringbirdsininternationallyprotectedareas•SeabirdsasindicatorsforthecoastalecosystemoftheNorthSea•Distributionofspeciesdiversityofhigherplants,dragonflies,butterflies,amphibiansandreptilesinFlanders
jects:theirecology,inthegeographicalcontextofFlanders.Thisiscarriedoutinthefollowingpro•BiologicalValuationMap(anewsurveystartedin1997forthewholeofFlanders)•ApplicationoftheBiologicalValuationMapforpolicymaking•Ecotopeecologyforthemanagementanddevelopmentofnature:EcotopeecologyofpermanentstagnantwatersAvisionforthemaintenanceandrecoveryofgrasslandswithanaturalvalue. 3.Ecohydrologyandwatersystemsunit expressedandthebioticsystem,andtoevaluatethesignificanceofwatermanagementfornature.Thisisgeneralpurposeistogaininsightintotherelationshipandinteractionbetweenwater(fluxes)searchwithrespecttothefunctioningofaquaticandwater-relatedterrestrialecosystems.TheTheresearchgroup‘EcohydrologyandWatersystems’carriesoutfundamentalandappliedreinthefollowingprojects:•Hydrologicalmonitoringinnaturalareas•Ecohydrologyofgroundwaterrelatedwetlandsinvalleyareas•EcohydrologicalresearchintheDemervalleybetweenDiestandWerchter•RestorationoftheDijlevalley,ecohydrologicalresearch•BiomonitoringoftheScheldtestuary•SystemandprocessresearchoftheScheldtestuary•ResearchintothepossibilitiesfortherestorationanddevelopmentofnatureintheScheldtestuary 4.Landscapeecologyandmanagementofnatureunit search.theappearanceandfunctioningofnaturalareasarecombinedinfundamentalandappliedre-cerningtheeffectofdifferentmanagementtechniques,andtheeffectofspatialorganisationonnatureinandoutsidenaturereservesarethemainpointsofinterestinthisunit.Projectscon-SpatialrelationsandthedirectinterventionofmaninnatureinordertoachieveconservationofMainresearchtopicsare:•Developmentofamethodologyforanintegratedandarea-orientedmonitoringofterrestrialbiodiversityintheFlemishRegion•Monitoringoftheimpactofnaturemanagementinnaturereserves•Developmentofarefinedeco-districtsystemfortheFlemishRegion•Distribution,ecologyandsuccessioninlowlandheathlandinBelgium•Vulnerableplantpopulationinagriculturalareas:distributiondevelopmentandgeneticdiversityasabasisforfunctionalhabitatnetworks•Typologyofhabitatsformudflats,tidalmarches,swamps,coastaldunes,heathlandandgrassland•DevelopmentofVlavedat(FlemishDatabankforVegetationRelevés)•Dietselection,habitatuseandinteractionofwildandintroducedherbivoresincoastalduneareasandothernaturalareas•DynamicsofvegetationoftheFlemishcoastaldunes•EcosystemresearchoftheBorderMeuse(Grensmaas),amongwhich•Spatialanalysis,modellingandindicatordistinctionforanecologicallysoundandmultifunctionalpolicyfortheBorderMeuse(Grensmaas) 5.Naturedevelopmentandpolicyunit include:area-orientedpolicyonnatureinFlanders.TheprojectsthathavebeencarriedoutinthisunitTheobjectivesinthisunitarefocusedinparticularonthepracticalsupportofamoreefficient•ScientificsupportforadesirableecologicalnetworkforFlandersandtheprioritiesfor38,000hectaresofadditionalwildlifearea,inthecontextoftheexecutionofthebindingprovisionsoftheFlandersStructuralPlanonTownandCountryPlanning•Scientificandlogisticsupportfortheindicationof125,000hectaresofwildlifeareaswherenatureistheprimaryfunction,and150,000hectaresofwildlifeareaswherethenaturefunctionisintermixedwithotherfunctions chapterIII.4–119
• FollowinguptheEuropeanDirectivesandinternationalconventionswithregardtomaintaininganimalandplantpopulationsandmaintainingnaturalhabitatsforfloraandfauna • dersThedevelopmentofandstructuralsupportfortheprovincialpolicyonnatureinWestFlan • drawingOutliningandprovidingscientificsupportforareaswithanaturefunction,forthebenefitofup“zoningplans”fortheFlemishwaterwaysmanagedbytheAWZ • andResearchintoecology,ecologicalrecovery,andthetotalwatermanagementoftheBlankaarttheIJzervalley • toGeneraladviceinsupportofpolicy,andspecificarea-relatedadviceandresearchwithregardthedevelopmentandrestorationofnature • Drawing up a data file of nature restoration projects in Flanders • ture,Researchintoopportunitiesandimportantmonitoringvariablesfortherestorationofnaonlandformerlyusedforintensivefarming • Buffer zones along unnavigable watercourses. 6.NatureReportunit vation12.45.ThisconcernsvariousagreementsforresearchforwhichtheInstituteofNatureConser-mingoftheInstituteofNatureConservation0.14millionEURhasbeenallocatedtoBAInordertocarryouturgentstudiesorcommissionsofgeneralinterest,outsidetheprogram-andtimeandtoevaluatenaturepolicyactionstakenbytheauthorities.ThisallowsforadescriptionThemaintaskofthisunitistofollowuptheexternalfactorsthatdeterminebiodiversityoverevaluationofthestateofnature.Thisisachievedbymeansofthefollowingprojects:•NatureReport,evaluationofthestateofnatureinFlanders•DrawingupmapsofthevulnerabilityoftheecosystemfortheFlemishRegion.•Theapplicationandmethodologyofstrategicenvironmentalassessment,faunaandflorasection•Thehabitatfragmentationduetotransportationinfrastructure.doesnothavethenecessaryspecialistsitself. Programme 61.3 Forests and Green Areas TheagementBAs11.05,11.65,12.02,12.46,73.63and74.03TheInstituteforForestryandGameMantotalcreditfortheseBAsamountsto2.54millionEUR. Forestry ample,forfurtherdevelopmentofthestrategyonnativegeneticresourcesproposedin1998.Specialattentionwillbedevotedtotheconservationanduseofforestgeneticsources,forexmentsImpulseProgrammeforNatureDevelopment(VLINA).ThiswillformoneofthebasicinstruThehistoricevolutionoftheforestsofFlandersisexaminedwithsubsidiesfromtheFlemishvariousafforestations.Inadditiontomechanicalandchemicalmeans,researchisalsocarriedoutintoWithEULifesubsidies,variousalternativesareexaminedtosuppresscompetitivevegetationintainabletory.Thisshouldresultinbetteradviceonthechoiceoftreespeciesinrelationtoamoresusphysicalandchemicalanalysisofthesoilofonequarterofthesamplesitesoftheforestinventionshipbetweentreespecies,speciescomposition,andsitecharacteristicsonthebasisoftheWithregardtoforestsextension,theInstitutewillcontinuetocarryoutresearchintotherelaResearchresearchconcernsmonitoringairpollutionanditslong-termeffectsontheforestecosystem.forestsoil,inaccordancewiththeEUdirectivesonthismatter.Animportantelementofthistheforestswhichstartedin1989,aswellascoordinatingtheevolutionoftheconditionoftheTheInstituteforForestryandGameManagementwillcontinuemonitoringthehealthstateofintothewaterandnutrientcyclesin2forestecosystemsiscloselyrelatedtothis.forestmanagement.typesofmulchsheets.forthepolicyonanecologicallysoundforestextension. chapterIII.4–120
chapterIII.4–121
From gardens to parks to forests
continued.heavymetalsintheecosystem,orderedbyTheWaterwaysandMarineAffairsAdministrationisTheinventoryofdredgingareas,theirlevelofpollution,andtheriskassessmentforspreadofpliedbiodiversityinforestswillbeconcludedattheInstitutethisyear.Theresultscanbedirectlyapmendationsforsustainableforestmanagement.Theresearchintoamethodforassessingwhichhavealreadybeenlegallyapproved.Inthelongterm,thisshouldresultinspecificrecomrepresentativenetwork.ThisyearwillalsoseethestartofthemonitoringofforestreservesappliedinthecontinuedselectionofforestreservestoachieveaFlemishandinternationallyThecriteriaforextensionofthenetworkofFlemishforestreserves,developedin1998,arealsoquiresareviewofthebreedingstrategy.Researchintoalternativesiscarriedoutinthiscontext.Thecurrentcrisisinpoplarcultivation,causedbyincreasinglyaggressivestrainsofrust,reeconomicallyproposalsarebeingpresentedfortherecognitionofseveralseedorchardsandseedstandsofMakingavailablevaluableforestreproductivematerialisanadditionalprogramme.Thisyear,theAnimportantaspectofthisisthemaintenance,continueddevelopmentandcharacterisationofgenebanks.valuabletreespecies.inthecertificationofsustainableforestmanagement. Fresh water fisheries, game management, and the protection of birds portbytheInstitute,togetherwiththeForestsandGreenAreasDivision,provideimportantsup(suchaseeltraps,fishtrapsandspawninggrounds).Theexperimentalfishnurseries,managedneeringtoobtainmoreecologicallybalancedfishstocks,areevaluatedintermsofefficiencyfishspeciesisbeingcontinued,andvariousinstrumentsusedinthecontextofecologicalengiLifesubsidyandiscarriedoutinthecontextofVLINA.Theinventorymigrationbarriersofthiscontext,moreworkisalsocarriedoutonthedevelopmentofafishindex.ThishasanEUevolutionofourfishstocks.Infact,thesearerelevantindicatorsforthequalityofthewater.InTheSectionFreshWaterFisheriesoftheGameManagementDivisioncloselymonitorstheResearchintothepopulationdynamicsofthefoxandmustelidsinFlandersisalsoapartofit.todrawingupgamemanagementplans,inventoryofgameandcullingstatistics.ofcombatingundesirablespecies.TheInstitutesupportsthegamemanagementunitswithregardengineering)isessentialinthisrespect,aswellasresearchconcerningtheecologicalconsequencesplan,huntingstatistics)andthefisherycommissions(restockingpolicy,recreationaluse,ecologicallutepriorityinthisrespect.Thescientificsupportofgamemanagementunits(gamemanagementThepolicyonhuntingandfishing,inwhichthewiseuseofnatureisacentralelement,isanabso-closelyview.Itisclearthattheprotectionofbirdsalsoentailstheprotectionofnature,andisthereforetionofbirdsinFlandersislinkedtohuntingfromalegal,aswellasfromapracticalpointofApolicyonhuntingandfishingcouldequallysupporttheenvironmentalpolicy.Theprotec-andonlyimportantasasourceofservicesforsocietyinthesecondplace,thefreshwaterfisheriesWhileforestsare,inthefirstinstance,thenaturalbuildingblocksoftheenvironment,andarehuntingsectorsapproachtheenvironmentmoreasconsumers.relatedtotheenvironmentalpolicy.fortherestockingpolicy.
onphytotechnologyandthemanagementofurbanforestsinthewidestsenseandthattakesplaceE12“UrbanForestsandTrees”,forwhichresearcheffortsarerelatedtoplanning,Ontheotherhand,theInstituteco-ordinatesoftheFlemishcontributiontotheCOSTaction,chemicalweedkillersfortheestablishmentofinfrastructuralgreenareas(withEULifesubsidies).Researchsupportsthisbysupervisingandmonitoringcomparativeexperimentsforalternativestomentpeople,thisisadequate,butmanyhavearegularneedforthequietandmorenaturalenvironallotments,urbanforestsontheperipheryofthetown,orsmalllandscapeelements.Forsomeneartohouses,orcanbeseenonthehorizon:gardens,roadsidevergesandflowerbeds,parks,Thegreenelementwhichpeoplecomeintocontactwithmostinanurbanisedsocietyissituatedoflargeforests,orthecountryside.anEuropeanlevel.
Sustainable management and biodiversity stockinforests,ona“forestecosystemvision”,basedonthephysicalenvironment,andplannedfishimportanthere.Forexample,theinstituteiscontinuingtoworkonindicatorsforbiodiversityestmanagement,theroleoftheInstituteforForestryandGameManagement(IBW)isveryandregionallevelandintheactivitiesoftheRiverBasinCommittees.Asforthesupportofforbirds,inapolicyonnatureconservationanddevelopment,interalia,inthepolicyonspecies-Itisalsonecessarytointegratethemanagementoffisheriesandgame,andtheprotectionofFlanders.certificateforsustainableforestmanagementforthestronglyfragmentedforestcomplexesincatewasissued.AnattemptwillbemadetoestablishaffordableandsimplemethodstoissueaorFSC(whichwasestablishedasaresultoftheenvironmentalmovementWWF).Thecertifiteria,whichweredevelopedbytheinternationalorganisation,theForestStewardshipCouncilincontrovertiblydemonstrated.In1997,threeforestsweresubjectedexperimentallytothecriItisnotenoughtosaythatourgreenareasarebeingmanagedinasustainableway;thismustbemanagement.
The social basis
publicgreenareas.Givingadvicetoownersofforestsandparkscannotbeseenseparatelyfromraisingandcountryplanning,recreation,tourism...itisnotpossibletohaveapolicyonforestsandoutinteractionbetweentheenvironmentalpolicyandtheeconomy,employment,traffic,townTobesuccessful,externalintegrationandcoherencewithotherpolicysectorsisessential.Withawarenesswithregardtonaturedevelopmentandbiodiversity.
The quality of management operationalcommunicationunit(includingthelibrary)intheIBWisessentialforthispurpose.sary,notonlyatthepolicylevel,butalsowithregardtobothpublicandprivatemanagers.Anturedonalargerscalewithgroupsofforestowners.Anefficientscientificfoundationisnecestheco-operationbetweenvarioustypesofowners(large,small,public,private)canbestruc-hasalreadybeenputforwardintheforestdecree.Pilotprojectsarecarriedouttoexaminehowterrelationshipsinthisfieldextendalongway.Theformulaofmixedgroupsofforestsownersprivateauthorities(associationsandowners),provideunexpectedpossibilitiesbecausethein-resultinmoreeffectivemanagement.Theco-operativeventuresbetweenvariouspublicandfisherywaters),theintegratedapproachofthegovernmentandthemultifunctionalityshouldForthemanagementoftheestatesintheFlemishRegion(17,500hectaresofforests,parksand
chapterIII.4–122
International cooperation II.FollowinguptheministerialconferencesontheprotectionoftheforestsinEurope,withtheI.Post-Rioprocess,interalia,withtheForestConventionandtheIntergovernmentalPanelForestrymentinternationallevel.Flandersaimstoachievethedesireddecision-makingprocessesandimpleThepoliciesontheenvironment,nature,andthereforeforests,areincreasinglyplannedatantheinternationalobligations.policiesappearregularlyontheinternationalagenda:onForests,withsubjectssuchas:A.CertificationofForestProductsandInternationalTradeB.CriteriaandIndicatorsforSustainableForestManagementrelatedresolutions:A.Strasbourg(1990):monitoringnetwork,conservationofforestgeneticresources,databaseonforestpollution,networkofresearchintotreephysiologyandforestecosystems.B.Helsinki(1993):sustainableforestmanagement,maintainingbiodiversity,cooperationwithEasternEurope,strategyoflong-termadaptationofforeststoclimatechanges.InexecutionoftheThirdResolutionoftheHelsinkiConference,aco-operationprotocolwassignedon23/8/96,withtheCommitteeoftheForestsoftheCouncilofMinistersofBulgaria.C.Lisbon(1998):socio-economicaspectsofsustainableforestmanagement,pan-Europeancriteria,indicatorsandguidelinesforsustainableforestmanagement.Thefollow-upof
theHungarianForestryInstituteontheselectionandimprovementoffast-growingtreespeIn1996,theIBWandtheForests&GreenAreasDivisionstartedaco-operativeprojectwiththetheseresolutionsforFlandersiscoordinatedbytheForests&GreenAreasDivisionandInstituteforForestryandGameManagement.cies,andthestudyofthegeneticdiversityofspontaneouspopulationsofpioneeringspecies.Thisprojectwillbeconcludedin2000.ThenecessarycontactsweremadetostartajointprojectwithPolishandRumanianforestryinstitutesaswell,onthemanagementoffishpopulations,sanitationofcontaminatedsoilandresearchintothegeneticdiversityofoak.Along-termforestryplanandaforestryactionplan(cf.ForestryDecree,Art.6)arebeingimplementedafterdiscussionsintheFlemishParliamentandratificationbytheGovernmentofFlanders.Forest-friendlymeasuresareproposedtomotivateprivateownersofforeststoalsoimplementgoodforestrymanagement;thisinvolvesconditionswhichbenefitsustainableforestmanagement.Currently,1,373hectaresofforestreservesarelegallyapproved.Onthebasisofsetcriteria,itispossibletoassesswhichotherforestsareeligibleforthestatusofforestreserve.Thepolicyofprotectionisactivelypreparedandsupportedbyresearchandco-ordinationbytheInstituteforForestryandGameManagement.Inordertoarriveat3,000hectaresofforestreserves,thecriteriadevelopedbytheInstitutewillbeused,sothattheFlemishnetworkofreservesandtherelatedresearchwillbeascloselyinlinewiththeEuropeaninitiativesaspossible.Therehasbeenagrowingpublicresponse,interalia,tothe WeekoftheForest andthe Dayofthe Park BA12.63Forestsurveys,forestinventoryandavarietyofexpenditurerelatedtopolicy-oriplacing0.39millionEURisallocatedtothisBAforresearch,followingthelong-termstrategyandBAInitpackagessentinadvance.Obviously,theseeffortswillhavetobecontinuedformanyyears,and.In1997,therewere8,000repliestorequestsforinformation,inadditiontothe15,000istobeexpectedthatexpenditurewillalsoincreaseslightlyinthefuture.2000,furtherworkwillbecarriedoutonthepolicyframeworkforgreenareas.12.46Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtostudiesonforestryresearchthefollowingemphases:•theforestsoilmonitoringnetworkfortheimplementationoftheEURegulationandtheUNactions,•researchintothepossibilitiesofbiotechnologytosupportthetreebreedingandselectionactivities,inparticular,focusingonthedevelopmentandpossibleapplicationsinthisfield,•researchintowoodtechnology(tocarryoutthestatutorytaskoftheInstitute),withparticularattentiontoecologicallyimportanttreespecies,andwoodasarenewablerawmaterial.entedstudiesandmodelprojectsinthefieldofforestry,greenareas,gamemanagement,theprotectionofbirdsandfreshwaterfisheriesinFlandersandinaninternationalcontext,inaccordancewithinternationaltreatiesandotherobligationsThetotalcreditamountsto0.69millionEUR,ofwhich0.57millionisavailableforresearch.TheForestsandGreenAreasDivisionofAMINALhassubmittedfourresearchprojectsunderthisbudget,inthecontextoftheenvironmentalthemes,“Acidification”,“Eutrophication”,and“Lossofbiodiversity”.Inaddition,thereisalsoaproposalfortworesearchprojectswhichareintendedtoprovidesupportforthepolicyonaregionallevel.Inconcreteterms,theseconcernthefollowingresearchprojects:•Wateranalysesoftheforestsoilmonitoringnetwork2000•Theinfluenceofhighnitrogendepositsonthequalityofgroundwaterandthebio-availabilityofnutrientsinforests•Attitudesandrestrictionsonforestexpansiononagriculturalland•Drawingupevaluationcriteriaforparks,relatedtogranting•Determiningthevalueofparks-startofmethodology•Theplaceofparksandurbangreeninthe“ecopolis”:theaspectofwater-introductorystudy chapterIII.4–123
tionalTheremainderofthetotalcreditforbasicallocation12.63isusedforcontributionsforinternaprogrammes. Programme 61.4 Land management BA12.36AvarietyofexpenditureforappliedscientificresearchrelatedtolanduseintheReprojects12.33amountsto0.16millionEUR,andisvirtuallyentirelyusedtocarryoutthreeresearchmonitoringotherissueswhicharerelevanttothepolicyonthesoil.TheavailablecreditforBAlatedtosubstancesandnutrientswhichareadangertotheenvironmentisimportant,aswellasForthesustainabledevelopmentofruralareas,thepermanentmonitoringoftheproblemsreallocationBA12.33Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtostudy,trainingandinformationconcerningthereofland,landuse,andthepolicyonthesoilsubmittedbytheLandDivisionofAMINAL:•Drawingupadatafilewiththeavailableknowledgeonenvironmentalaspectsofpesticides•Anexploratorystudyoftheeffectsofnitrogeninsoilbetween1and3mmdeep(unsaturatedzone)•EvaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofthemanagementofbordersofplotsalongwatercoursesgionofFlandersTheavailablecredit(0.46millionEUR)forbasicallocation12.36isentirelyusedforaprojectonlanduse:“Theexecutionofascientificresearchprojectonlanduse(2000)”.ThisprovidesscientificsupportfortheeffortsoftheRegionofFlandersregardinglanduseinthewidestsense.Theproposedresearchconcernsruralwaterandsoilmanagement.Onthebasisoflong-termresearch,theaimistoacquiresufficientscientificsupportforthepreparationandexecu-tionofpolicy(ruralwatermanagement,landuse,landconsolidation,combatingsoilerosion,ruralplanning).Formostfields,thismeansworkingwithlongperiodsoftimeinordertofor-mulatestatisticallysignificantconclusions.TheexecutiontakesplacewiththeDepartmentofMechanisation,Labour,Buildings,AnimalWelfareandEnvironmentalManagement(formerlytheNationalStationforAgriculturalTechnology)oftheCentreofAgriculturalResearchinGhent.BA61.03ContributionoftheRegiontothetechnicalexpenditureregardingtheapplicationofthelawsonlandconsolidationofproperties,possiblybyallocatingadvances,creditsmadeavailabletotheVLMtocoverthefinancialcostsofthecommitteesforlandconsolidation10%ofthetotalcreditof8.84millionEURisavailableforappliedscientificresearch.BA61.41GranttothePublicLandAgencyofFlandersApproximately0.13millionofthetotalcreditof0.90millionEURisallocatedtoresearch. Programme 61.5 Water management waterDivisionofAMINALforfivestudiesinsupportofpreparationforpolicyinitiativesrelatedtoappliedresearchrelatedonsurface,groundanddrinkingwater.ThiscreditisusedbytheWater0.44millionEURofthisBAisallocatedtoscientificpolicy,ofwhich0.42millionisusedforingBA12.59Studiesofappliedscientificresearchrelatedtosurfacewater,groundwateranddrinkwatermanagement:•Scientificresearchtosupportthecombatingofmuskrats•ResearchintothepresenceofGiardiaandCryptosporidiumindrinkingwater•Evaluationandoptimalisationoftheprocessingofinformationongroundwater,reportedbylicenceholders•Computerisationoftheprocedurefordrawingupthehydrostratigraphicinterpretation,inaccordancewiththenewaquifercodingofthedataofthesubsoil•Researchintotheconsequencesofdiffusepollutioninrainwaterwhichdrainsintothesoil,anddrawingupadecisiontreetodisconnectpotentiallypollutedpavedsurfaces chapterIII.4–124
SitesOA62TownandCountryPlanning,Housing,Monumentsandplanscurrentsituation,theproblemareasandproblemsrelatedtodrawingupthebasinmanagementInthecontextoftheintegralwatermanagementpolicyatbasinlevel,attentionisfocusedonthenecessary.mentsthathavebeentakenshouldresultinpolicyinitiativesformonitoringthesituationwherewatermeasurementnetworkisbeingsystematicallydeveloped.ResearchintothemeasureWithaviewtothemanagementofthelimitedgroundwatersuppliesinFlanders,thegroundhaveEURforthisbasicallocation,tobeallocatedtoappliedscientificresearch.VariousprojectsForthisyear,abudgetof1.71millionEURiswithdrawnfromthetotalcreditof12.44millionwaterBA73.20Investmentcostsforthemanagementofsurfacewater,groundwateranddrinkingbeensubmittedbytheLandDivisionofAMINAL.oftheDender,DemerandDijle.Administration(AROHM) Programme 62.1 Town and country planning, urban development and land policy designatedAcreditof3.28millionEURisavailableonthisBAforsciencepolicy,ofwhich2.63millioniswhichinFlanderstoloweradministrativelevelsandothersectorsalsorequirespreparatoryresearch,ImprovingthetransferoftheprinciplesoftheStructuralPlanforTownandCountryPlanningcausetionandmanagement.Thisrequiresthoroughpriorresearch,whichisalsocontractedoutbeofexecutionfortownandcountryplanning,whichcancontainregulationsonuse,organisaAfterthenewdecreeenteredintoeffecton1May2000,theRegionofFlandersdrewupplansInaddition,theevaluationoftheStructuralPlaniscarriedoutbyacompetentexternalbureau.thoritiesordination,monitoringthecontent,andthedialoguewiththesectorsconcernedandtheau-AROHM,andwillthereforehavetobecontractedout.TheAROHMisresponsiblefortheco-bour-intensiveresearch.Theday-to-dayexecutionofthiscannotbeincludedinthetasksoftheStructuralPlanforTownandCountryPlanningrequiresagreatdealofpreparatoryandla-naturalstructure,defininggateways...).Theoperationalisationofthebindingprovisionsofthecommissioningstudies(processesofoutliningurbanareas,andareaswithanagriculturalandFlandersshouldbecarriedoutatanacceleratedrate,whichrequiresanincreasedbudgetforThegovernmentmanifestostatesthattheStructuralPlanforTownandCountryPlanninginpolicytion,communication,awarenessraisingandtrainingrelatedtothetownandcountryplanningexpensesincurredbythepublicationofthestudies,aswellasavarietyofexpensesforconsultaBA12.32Avarietyofresearchandstudiesrelatedtotownandcountryplanning,includingtheatthelowerlevel.ofitsscope.willagainbecontractedoutbyAROHM.forresearchinsupportofpolicy. Programme 62.2 Monuments and sites BA 41.01 Grant for the Archaeological Patrimony icalwithadoubletask,confirmedinthedecreeof30June1993ontheprotectionofthearcheologInadecisionoftheGovernmentofFlanders,datingfrom5June1991,theIAPwasentrustedtionincesandmunicipalities.TheintroductionoftheregulationsoftherecentlyratifiedConvenresearchatotherlevelsofthearcheologicalconservationofmonuments,forexample,inprovParticularattentionshouldbedevotedtoqualitycontrolandthesupportofmanagementandthemanagementtaskandthelinkwithscientificresearchattheleveloftheRegionofFlanders.Thegovernmentmanifestostates:“Forthearcheologicalheritage,itisnecessarytoreinforceInstituteofMaltaisacornerstoneinthisrespect.”heritage. chapterIII.4–125
• Ontheonehand,theIAPmustprepareandcarryoutthepolicyontheinventory,managementandprotectionofthearcheologicalheritageintheRegionofFlanders.Asthecoordinatinggovernmentinstitute,itisresponsibleforthearcheologicalheritagewiththistask(conservationofarcheologicalmonuments),thecounterpartoftheMonumentsandSitesDivisionfortheconservationofhistoricmonuments. • search.notbeofapreventivenature)insitesunderthreat,andonstudiesrequiredforthisurgentrevationofarcheologicalmonuments,andisfocusedonurgentresearch(whichmayormayscientificinstitute.Inpractice,thistaskismainly(butnotexclusively)dictatedbytheconserOntheotherhand,theInstitutealsoconductsresearchintothisarcheologicalheritageasa Programme 62.4 Housing administration.dertocoordinateandstructurethismaterial,ascientificresearchunitisbeingdevelopedintheoftasks,withmaximumcoordinationwithregardtothecollectionandexchangeofdata.Inoronresidents’interests,theprovinces,townsandmunicipalities.TheaimistoachieveadivisionaloguewiththeFlemishHousingCompany,theFlemishHousingFund,theFlemishdialogueWithaviewtotheefficientcollectionofdata,theadministrationisinstructedtoenterintoadisessed.ined.Thepolicyinstrumentsrelatedtotherighttosell,andsocialmanagementrights,arereasTheeffectsofregulationsonthestandardisationofqualityandcontributionswillalsobeexammunicipalmonitored.Thepossibilityofdevelopinganelectronicinventoryofthehousingstockatthetheirusefulnessforlocalauthorities,andmeansthatthehousingaspectofurbanpolicycanbegeneral,andurbaninformationinparticular,uptodistrictlevel(territorial).Thisincreasesket.Inaddition,specialattentionisdevotedtoprovidingdetailedgeographicalinformationinandonthequalityofhouses(sectoral),withspecificattentiondevotedtotheprivaterentalmarIntermsofcontent,theemphasisshouldparticularlybeonthetargetgroups(incategories)evantoffigureswhichrevealthetrendsandevolutions.Localauthoritiesarealsointerestedinthereltionofpricesforlandandhouses.Thedevelopmentofthisprogrammeshouldresultinaserieshousingrequiresurgentexaminationatadetailedgeographicallevel.Thisalsoentailstheevolumation,itispossibletouseexistingfiguresorlimitedrandomtests.ThequalityofFlemishveyofthequalityofhousingwhichisnomorethanfiveyearsold.Fortheyear-by-yearinfortheprogrammeofsocialhousingandtheurbanpolicy.Inaddition,itisessentialtohaveasur-transparency.Thereisalsoaneedforaterritoriallydetailedstudyintohousingneedstosupportventoryofthefundingsystems,thisshouldresultinproposalsforsimplificationandmoreInthebudgetyear2000,thefundingsystemsinthehousingsectorwillbestudied.Withanin-desirablerealisticestimateoftheinitiativeswhichthegovernmentwishestotake.Ontheotherhand,itisingeneral.Ontheonehand,thereisaneedforresearchinpreparationofpolicy,focusingonaintothesituationandtheneedsoffamilies,andonaninsightintotheFlemishhousingmarketbeavailableatalltimes.TheFlemishhousingpolicymustbesupportedbyathoroughinsightsearchoverseveralyears.Forexample,thefiguresonhousingquality,housingneeds,...shouldForanefficienthousingpolicy,itisimportanttohaveaccesstoobjectivedata,basedonreicy.proximately0.46millionisforresearchinsupportofpolicyinthecontextofthehousingpolOfthetotalcreditof2.47millionEUR,0.51millionisavailableforsciencepolicy,ofwhichapmentthespecificoperatingcosts,experimentalprojects,subsidiesforcontributingtotheimproveBA01.90Avarietyofexpenditurefortheexecutionofthetasksofthehousingfund,includingofsocialhousingandinternationalcooperationtobefamiliarwithpolicyeffects,withaviewtoevaluationandmonitoring.data,andtheFlemishauthoritiesshouldsupporttheminthis.level,willbeexaminedwithpossiblelinkstotheinventoryofplots. chapterIII.4–126
OA 63 Roads and Traffic Administration Programme 63.2 Municipal transport 13.28mostimportantconditionsforsubsidisingstrategicplanningactivities.OfthetotalcreditofThequalityoftheproductsprovidedinthedifferentstagesoftheplanningprocessisoneofthecommissionThequalityoftheorientationmemorandumandthepolicyplanaremonitoredbyanauditmemorandumrepayingtwothirdsofthestudycostsincurredbymunicipalitiesfordrawinguptheorientationministrationitselfdoesnotdrawupanymobilityplans.Itdoesprovideafinancialcontribution,drawingupanorientationmemorandum,asynthesismemorandumandapolicyplan.TheadThisprovidescreditsforthestudycoststodrawuptheMobilityPlan.Therearethreestages:mobilityagreements,includingthecoveroftheextraexploitationcostsincurredbytheVVMBA31.07Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtothepreparation,planning,studyandexecutionofandthemobilityplan,withamaximumof0.17millionEURperproject.attheprovinciallevel.million,1.60millionEURisavailableforthisresearchinsupportofpolicy. Programme 63.4 General infrastructure and traffic policy OAhaviourentedresearch,relatedparticularlytothegeneralmobilitypolicy(suchasresearchonthebe-Approximately0.24millionEURofthetotalcreditof0.56millionEURisusedforpolicy-ori-quirementsandexecutingindustrialtransportplans,includingstudiesandsurveysrelatedtomobilityre-BA12.23Expenditurewithregardtomobilitystudiesandforthesupervisionfordrawingupandstudiesrelatedtoorganisation,managementetc.relatedtomobilityinFlanders),policymonitoringandtransportmanagement.64WaterwaysandMarineAffairsAdministration(AWZ) Programme 64.2 Ports butpenditurearisingfrominternationalcontacts.Thesearenotrestrictedtotechnicalassistance,theHamburg-LeHavrerange,aswellastooverseasports,thisbasicallocationalsoincludesexworldlevel.InordertoevaluatethecompetitionoftheFlemishseaports,andcomparethemtoTheportsectorisprobablythemostliberalisedsector,inwhichcompetitionisapparentattheaccessibilitylongterm.Thesestudiescanbefundedeitherfromthisbasicallocation(inthecontextofthepossible.Forthisreason,therearestudiesontheindependenceofthepilotagesystemintheeffectiveaspossible,thereisanexaminationofhowtotacklethecompetitionasefficientlyaspolicyforseagoingshipswillbecompetitiveinthenearfuture.InordertomakethepilotageassaryforseagoingshipstoenterFlemishports.IntheEuropeancontext,itisexpectedthattheshouldresultinoptimalisingworksinports,andworksformaritimeaccess.PilotageisnecesThiscreditisincludedintheprogrammeon“ports”,withtheaimofconductingstudies,whichternationalageandthereorganisationofmarineaffairs,includingavarietyofexpenditurearisingfrominBA12.21StudiesandresearchrelatedtoportissuesconcerningthetransferofpolyvalentpilotcontactsofFlemishports),orbyasimilarallocationinthe“MarineAffairs”programme.alsocomprisetrainingforexploitersandmanagersofports. Programme 64.4 General infrastructure and shipping policy BAs 12.01, 12.90, and lics”.drology,oftheHydraulicLaboratoryandHydrologicalResearch(WLH)–“FlandersHydrauFrom2000,theformerHydrologicalResearchDivisionformsthenewunit,OperationalHy74.04ThereforeBAs12.02and12.26arecombinedwithBA12.01. chapterIII.4–127
unit,tificstudiesforthirdparties.From2000,thiscreditwillbemanagedincooperationwiththeandthereforeacquiresitsownincome,allocatedtoBA12.90,tocoverexpensesforthesescienInaddition,thelaboratorycarriesoutstudiesforthirdparties(alsoattheinternationallevel),ogywatercourses,andthesiltmeasurementnetwork,aresomeadditionalstudyaspectsoftheecolTheinfrastructureforfishmigration,theinfluenceofvegetationonthedrainageofwaterinDeurganckdokTheseactivitiessupporttheFlemishportpolicyin2000,inparticular,forOstend,theorationcharacteristicsfromtheexperimentalresearchonthetowingtankforshallowwaters,incollabvisesonaccessibilityforshipping.Forthispurpose,theydeducethehydrodynamicshippingcourseof2000,newwavemodelswillbeused.Bysimulatingshippingmanoeuvres,WLHadsultsareusedasaninputforforecastsofmorphologicalchanges,orfornauticalstudies.Inthelatetheflowandtransportofsedimentinmaritimeaccessroutesandalongthecoast.ThereUsingpowerfulmathematicalflowmodelsintwoandthreedimensions,itispossibletocalcuinated,Centre(HIC),whereallthehydrologicalmeasurementscanbecollected,validatedanddissemintegrationofthemeasurementnetworksandtheestablishmentofaHydrologicalInformationpartmentisinvolvedintheprojectonthesafetylevelinFlanders,freshwatermanagement,theIn2000,theWLHDivisionwillthereforedevoteparticularattentiontowatercontrol:theDepredictingwaterlevelsonthebasisofmathematicalmodels.withtheRUG.inAntwerp,andthesecondaccessthroughlockstotheWaaslandport.ofthewaterways.“CommunicationandExternalRelations”,oftheDirectorate-GeneralofAWZ.
Programme 64.5 Marine affairs OArationchangedinthebudgetfor2000.Inprinciple,thesestudiescontributetooptimalisingtheopedepartment.Asaresultoftherestructuring,thewordingofthebasicallocationhasbeenmentintheFleetDepartment,andtheintroductionofanalyticalaccountancyinthatnomicaccountancyinthePilotageAuthority,researchintoworkingwithcontractmanageoptimalorganisationalstructureoftheMarineAffairsDepartment,theintroductionofeco-afunctionally-structuredorganisation.TheprojectsonthisbasicallocationaredeterminingtheTheMarineAffairssector,includedinProgramme64.50,wasreorganisedfromaterritorialtoingtheestablishmentoftheFlemishpublicpilotageauthority,includingthepaymentsandoperat-BA12.22ExpenditurewithregardtoreorganisationstudiesoftheMarineAffairssectorandcostsoftheprojectoftheadministration,anddeterminingitskeytasksintheMarineAffairssector.69ServicesoftheSecretary-General Programme 69.9 General expenditure 2.48privatecooperationininfrastructureprojectsinFlanders.ThecreditonthisBAamountstoItconcernsresearchinsupportofpolicyonthelegal,financialandeconomicaspectsofpublic-BA12.29Expenditurerelatedtostudiesonpublic-privatecooperationininfrastructureprojectsmln.EUR. Programme VIF 69.00 specificwerp”.Thisresearchprogrammeexaminesinmoredetailthepay-as-you-drivesystem,parking,InformationSystem(GIS).Theremainderofthebudgetisspentonthe“MasterplanforAntmultimodaltrafficandtransportmodels,thetrafficmanagementsystems,andtheGeographicApproximatelyonesixthofthetotalbudgetisdevotedtothecurrenttasksrelatedtotheplanningaswellastheexpenditureforthemonitoring,drawingupandexecutionofindustrialtransportBA12.30Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotransportandmobility:studiesandtrialprojects,infrastructureprojects(forcarsandpublictransport),etc. chapterIII.4–128
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7.SCIENCE, INNOVATION AND MEDIA DEPARTMENT OA 72 Media Administration Programme 72.1 Media and film BA 12.01 A variety of expenditure for media, media innovation and willmodeloftheEuropeanFoundationforQualityManagement-EFQM).Inaddition,astudycontextoftheintroductionoftotalqualitycontrolintheministry(inaccordancewiththeFor2000,extraattentionwillbedevotedtoqualityanddeterminingqualityindicatorsintheThescienceAcreditof0.40millionEURisprovidedforthisBAfor2000.Ofthis,50%willbespentonfilmpolicy.strategicobjectivesthatapplyinclude:•toensurethatFlandersrespondsaseffectivelyaspossibletotheopportunitiesprovidedbytheinformationsociety;•togivealllevelsofFlemishsocietyequalchancesofaccesstothebestpossiblemovementandprovisionofinformationandopportunitiestoparticipateinthis;•tocontinuetodevelopandexpandtheframeworkofadiversifiedandharmoniouslyfunctioningFlemishmedialandscape;•amoreeffectivedevelopmentoftheFlemishaudio-visualsector,amongstotherthings,topromotetheFlemishculturalidentityanditsinternationalreputation.alsobedevotedtotheaspectofqualityinthemediaintheyear2000. Programme 72.2 Grant for the VRT BA 41.02 Basic grant for the Onthebroadcasts.In2000,VRTwillcontinuetodisseminatescientificinformationinitsradioandtelevisiontivelyinnovationsinthefieldofenvironmentaltechnology,sothatourenvironmentismoreeffecthepreventionofdisease,thecountlessappliancesthatmakelifeeasier,orallsortsofessentialtistsorbusinesses.Theirdiscoveriesbenefiteveryone-whetherthisinvolvessafervaccinesforsupportfortheworkthatisdone.Afterall,innovationisnotmerelytheexclusivetaskofscienandcorrectevaluationoftheimportanceofresearcharealsoessentialtoprovidebroadsocialThismeansthatthesecomplexissuesaremoreaccessibletothegeneralpublic.Anappreciationdailynologicalknowledge,andintheacceptanceofnewinsights.Atthesametime,theybroadcastcommunication.Afterall,themediaplayanimportantroleinbroadcastingscientificandtech-theFlemishCommunity),theVRTdevotesagreatdealofattentiontoscienceinformationandbroadcastingcompany’sinformationtask(cf.theManagementAgreement1997-2001withThebasicgrantfortheVRTfor2000amountsto181.51millionEUR.InthecontextoftheVRTinformationonscientific,technical,industrialandsocialdevelopments.safeguardedagainstpollutionanddecay. radio givenmoreattentionthantheexactsciences.conceptofsciencecanbeinterpretedinaverybroadsense,andthatthehumansciencesarethepublic.Scienceistranslatedinpracticalwayintermsofeverydayreality.Thismeansthattheprogrammemakersbasetheirprogrammesonthespecificquestionsormattersofconcernto,thesciencesarerarelydealtwithasaphenomenonintheirownright,thoughthe Radio1 particularlydevotesagreatdealofatten tion to this in daily information Thereare,onaverage,threecontributionsperweekinprogrammes. VoordeDag and DeWandelgangen. Professors or experts are often interviewed in the studio or on location. DeZuidkant answersalistener’squestioneveryday.Thisregularlyconcernsphenomenafor which a scientist can provide an explanation or information. chapterIII.4–134
Thesciencesalsocomeupinculturalprogrammessuchas Heldenmoed,forexample,inthe form of a book review or scientific slot. Radio3 hasaregularweeklyprogrammeonsciencesintheprogramme, Drieklank Scientificitemswhichcorrespondtothegeneralprovisionoftion.spectiveofthepuresciences.Inmanycases,itisalsoofteninspiredbyapublicationorexhibiprogramme,ascientistcontributesatlengthonatopicalsubject,almostalwaysfromtheper.Inthis StudioBrussel areregularlydealt withinthecurrentaffairsprogramme, Republica alwaysproachedfromadifferentperspectivebecauseofitstopicalrelevance.Thestartingpointismentaryseries,andoccasionallyalsoinotherprogrammesinwhichascientificsubjectisap(popular)scientificprogrammes.Inaddition,attentionisfocusedonthesesubjectsindocuScienceandscientificsubjectsarecoveredbythetelevisionnetworksinanumberofspecific,orintipsgiveninregulardailyprogrammes.theaccessibilityofthesubjectanditscoverageforabroadandinterestedpublic. Dierenkliniek is a light-hearted TV1 programme about veterinary medicine. GrootLicht thisheartedwaythatisfun,withitsownperspectiveonthehowsandwhysofthingsaroundus.InisanprogrammewhichprovidesscientificinformationforchildreninalightKetnet programme,knowledgeisnotofcentralimportance,butthepointisthewayin which knowledge is acquired. Thescientificseries, OverLeven,isaweekly Canvas hastheweeklyprogramme,conception,development,healthandsickness,todeathorthedesireforeternallife.Canvasalsowithrecentbreakthroughsinsciencewhichareofenormoussignificanceforhumanlife,fromthebasicproblemswhichaffectusall.Ineveryedition,qualifiedguidespresenttheviewersprogrammewhichlooksfortheanswersto DeLateShift,incollaborationwiththeSERV,ontheeconomy, employment, and socio-economic subjects tackled from a scientific point of view. Newsandcurrentaffairsprogrammes,suchas Panorama and TerZake areinterestprogrammes.Thehumansciencessuchashistory,thehistoryofartandliterarystudiestimesdiscussedintalkshows,andtheycanalsobedirectlyorindirectlytackledinhumantiontoscientificsubjectswhichareofparticulartopicalvalue.Thesesubjectsarealsosome-regularlydevoteatten-tackledinprogrammessuchas Histories and Spraakmakers Inthespringof2000,Canvasbroadcastanumberofcelebratedscientificseries(TheHuman Body, TheHumanSexes, WalkingwithDinosaurs ture,mentariesonawiderangeoftopicsareshowninotherdocumentaryseries:explorationofna).Inaddition,highqualityforeigndocuvoyagesofdiscovery,etc.( HetDerdeOog, RareStreken, Zwerfroute websitestentiontocurrentaffairs.TheseTTreportscanalsobeconsultedontheinternet,viz.,onthetionon“Environment&Science”.Onp.180onwards(uptotenpages),theeditorsdevoteatSincethenewrangeofOctober1999,teletextasafastnewsmediumhasincludedafixedsec,...).ofTV1andCanvas.OA99InterdepartmentalBoardofSecretaries-General Programme 99.1 Interdepartmental funds BA 12.40 Expenditure in the context of emancipation Divisionstudieshaveastrategicfunction:totracetheproblemareassothattheEmancipationAffairsEUR)inthecontextofthetargetgrouppolicyforimmigrantsandthehandicapped.TheseTheEmancipationAffairsDivisionisplanningtwoscientificstudies(eachfor0.04millionforOfthetotalcredit(0.20millionEUR),approximately0.07millionisspentonsciencepolicyaffairsscientificresearchinthecontextoftheemancipationpolicy.cantakeastepforward.Theaimofthetwostudiesis: chapterIII.4–135
• situationtogainaninsightintothecurrent • grantstoidentifytheobstaclesforimmiandthehandicapped • to formulate policy menttheEmancipationAffairsDepartOncetheresearchresultsareknown,proposals.canoutlinespecificactivities. chapterIII.4–136
Chapter III.5 The redistribution of the credits for science policy in relation to the new emphases in policy chapterIII.5 vided,thoughintheeducationbudget,onBA33.04“Subsidiesrelatedtoneweducationalformationtechnologyineducation.The2.48millionthatwasdeductedinthisrespectwasproobjectivessetforthePC/KDcampaignby2001,inthiswaysupportingtheintroductionofinsearchattheinitiativeofresearchers.However,thegovernmentwishestocompletethetiativesandfundingmechanisms,whileontheotherhand,strengtheninggroundbreakingreofthegovernmentpolicy,ontheonehand,tobringaboutasimplificationinthenumberofinitionwiththeinformationsociety,thePC/KDcampaign:-2.48million).ThisisinthecontextinfavouroftheBOFonBA41.01ofProgramme71.2-andforBA60.01(subsidiesinconnecOrientedResearch):-3.72million)andBA12.24(internationalcooperation:-2.99million),TherehavebeenconsiderablereductionsinthecreditsforBAs12.29(ProgrammeforPolicyscienceternationalscientificcooperation(8.32million)andinitiativesrelatedtothepublicationoftheplyofelectronicdocuments(2.01million).Inaddition,thereareexpensesinthecontextofininitiativesrelatedtohardwareandsoftwareforevaluation,bibliometrics,IWETOandthesupThemostimportantsumsareforsubsidiestopromotetheinformationsociety(14.87million);fallTheinitialcreditsfor2000forthebudgetprogramme71.1amountto42.62millionEUR;a1.brieflyandInnovationAdministration)fortheyear2000.Themostimportantamendmentsareprogrammesonsciencepolicy(71.1,71.2,and71.3oforganisationdivisionOA71(Sciencetheallocationoffunds,andthecontentofthebasicallocationsfortheactualbudgetNevertheless,thereareanumberofnewpolicyemphaseswhicharealreadycausingchangesfordevelopmentutetothedevelopmentoflong-term,sustainablewelfareandwell-being.Infact,sustainablegreeofcontinuity.ContinuingtoincreasethecapacityforinnovationinFlanderswillcontrib-TheobjectivesoftheFlemishsciencepolicyfor1999-2004arecharacterisedbyafairlylargede-ganisations.simplifythehugenumberofinitiativesandprogrammes,fundingmechanisms,andfundingor-makethemostofpolicyinstruments.TheGovernmentofFlanderswouldliketothoroughlywillbeincreasedfurther.Thisexaminationwillalsohavetoprovidethenecessaryelementstoessaryamendmentswillbeintroduced,andFlemishpublicfundsforresearchanddevelopmentbillionEURnet.Thiscatching-upoperationwillbeexaminedfirstofall.Onthatbasis,thenecfallenbehind,andforfoursuccessiveyearsthesciencepolicywasincreasedeveryyearby0.05Duringthelastlegislativeperiod,strongattemptsweremadetocatchupwhereFlandershadisacentralthemeinthepolicyoftechnologicalinnovation.outlinedbelow.Budgetprogramme71.1:Generalsciencepolicyof7.32million,comparedwithinitialcreditsfor1999.policyandscientificresearch(atotalof3.49million). chapterIII.5–137
tivenecessarycredit(7.60millionEUR).Thisisbeingdonetoensurecontinuity,fromtheperspecpatedfortheoperatingfundsoftheIWT,amountingto0.42millionEURinadditiontotheandmodalitieswithregardtotheexecutionofthesetasks,alimitedincreaseincreditsisanticitheIWTarisingfromtheInnovationDecree,andasafirstattempttomeettheexistingneedsandtheFIOVisdisappearing.Inanticipationoffurtherdetailontheexpansionofthetasksofished,followingthebudgetcontrolof2000,sothatthepresentdistinctionbetweentheIWTallyatthesamelevelasin1999(aslightdeclineof4.78million).TheFIOVfundisbeingabolFIOVgained5.38million.Altogether,thefundsforIWTandFIOVcombinedremainvirtuby10.17million,comparedwiththeinitialcreditsfor1999,whileontheotherhand,thei.e.,infavouroftheBOF.ThecreditsforBA99.12(allocationauthorisationsfortheIWT)fellthereforereturnedtoalevelcomparabletothatin1998,theyearinwhichtheactionstarted–ThecreditsforBA12.28(STWW)havefallenby6.05million,comparedwith1999,andarereductionTheinitialcreditsfor2000forthebudgetprogramme71.3amountto215.74millionEUR;a3.decidedtweenresearchcarriedoutontheinitiativeoftheresearcher,andresearchforwhichtheclientthemembersoftheirownacademicstaff.Thisshouldrestoretheimbalancewhicharosebe-universitiestoimplementtheirownresearchpolicyandfundlong-termresearchproposedbysubstantiallyreinforced.TheincreaseinthefundsfortheSpecialResearchFundwillallowtheWiththismeasure,thefundingoffundamentalresearchattheuniversitiesisstructurallyandorientedTheadditionalfundscomefromtheBAs12.24(internationalcooperation)and12.29(Policy-allocationamountedto55.60million,reducedto48.98million,followingthebudgetcontrolandtherecreditin1999)to61.21millioninitialcreditin2000.In1999,theinitialcreditsoftheBOFattheUniversities).ThecreditsfortheBOFwereincreasedfrom48.98million(definitiveTheincreaseinthecreditsisconcentratedonBA41.01(SubsidyfortheSpecialResearchFundanTheinitialcreditsfor2000forthebudgetprogramme71.2amountto171.05millionEUR-2.increaseslion)andBAs12.03and33.01(Publicationofthesciencepolicy+0.61million.Thesecredit(Expenditurrelatedtothedesign,preparationandexecutionofscientificactivities:+0.98milInaddition,therehavealsobeenanumberofcreditincreases,inparticularforBA12.01participatingpaign.0.87millionwasalsoallocatedtothenewBA12.04whichcoversone-offexpensesfor11.5oftheCoordinationDepartmenttothenewBA12.05forthe“Daretoinnovate”camsearchAdministration).Ontheotherhand,0.62millionwastransferredfromProgrammefromthe2.48millionontheBA33.3,40.10ofOA33-HigherEducationandScientificReHigherEducationwerereallocatedtoProgramme33.3(in1999,0.99millionwasseparatedmedia”ofProgramme39.2.Inaddition,thecreditsforsubsidisingtheinnovationprojectsinintheWorldFairinHannover2000,“Humankind,NatureandTechnology”.meetthepolicyobjectivesexplainedinChapterIII.1.Budgetprogramme71.2:SciencePolicy-AcademicResearchincreaseof12.29million,comparedwiththeinitialcreditsfor1999.ofcreditsinfavouroftheFWOFlanders-alsoseeChapterIII.2.research)ofProgramme71.1.andoftheBA12.28(STWW)ofProgramme71.3.thesubject-whichisoftenaimedatachievingshort-termgoals.Budgetprogramme71.3:SciencePolicywithanEconomicFocusof7.81million,comparedwiththeinitialcreditsfor1999.ofaconsistentpolicy. chapterIII.5–138
Chapter III.6 Analysis of the Horizontal Budget Programmes for Science Policy 1993-2000 chapterIII.6 TheAnotThemainoverallitemsofexpenditureareindicatedforeachofthesixclassifications.Thisdoes6.A5.Sectoral4.Scientific3.Funding2.Operation1.Non-orientedinThissummaryofthehorizontalbudgetprogrammeforsciencepolicyprovidesacrosssection,accordancewithsixlargeclassifications:researchattheuniversitiesofuniversitiesandsimilarinstitutesresearchanddevelopmentofnewtechnologiesforindustryinstitutes,departmentalservicesandFlemishpublicinstitutionsinitiativesandresearchandstudiesinsupportofpolicyvarietyofexpenditurerelatedtothegeneralsciencepolicyexplicitlyrevealthebasicallocations,asthesewerealreadydiscussedinPartIII.summaryofthecreditsisalsoprovidedinrelationtotheiruseineachchapter:R&D:ResearchandDevelopmentSTET:ScientificandTechnologicalEducationandTrainingSTS:ScientificandTechnologicalServicescreditsareshowninmillionsofeuro(millionEUR). 1. Non-oriented research at the universities fundamentalresearch.ItshouldberealisedthatthefundsoftheBOFaredividedoverseveralconsiderableincrease,butshouldbeseeninthelightoftheneedofuniversitiesforfundsforThefundsfortheBOFtripledduringthatperiod:anincreaseof39.7millionEUR.ThisisaEURThecreditsforfundamentalresearchincreasedintheyears1996to2000byover80millioncreditsCertainlythebudgetfor2000includedasubstantialincreaseintheBOFcreditsbyreallocatingforing-upmanoeuvresbytheGovernmentofFlanders,butincreasedevenfurtherinthebudgetThesefundsincreasedsubstantiallyintheperiod1996-1999becauseofthesignificantcatchbeenjectsaredividedindirectlybytheseintermediariesinaccordancewithqualitycriteriathathavesearchpolicy.ThefundsfortheIWTspecialisationgrantsandfortheFWOmandatesandprotheuniversitiesandaredistributedbytheresearchcouncilinaccordancewiththeuniversityreoperationsubsidies(seepoint2).ThefundsoftheSpecialResearchFund(BOF)godirectlytofundsfortheso-calledsecondfundingtotheuniversities–thefirstfundingconsistsoftheirties;inotherwords,researchcarriedoutontheresearcher’sownfreeinitiative.ThesearetheTable1showsthefundsintendedforgroundbreaking,non-orientedresearchattheuniversilaiddown,andanevaluationbasedonapeerreview.2000,with12.28millionfortheBOF.inrelationtotheemphasesinpolicy(seeChapterIII.5).overall. chapterIII.6–139
FWO-Flanders,54%ofthedivisionofthecreditsfornon-specificresearchiscarriedoutin2000throughthe1.981999,sothattherealnetincreaseofthe1999creditsforthespecialisationgrantsamountedtoamendmentsforaccountingreasonsrelatedtothebudget.Thissumwasthentransferredtomittedlysetat14.98millionEUR,butthissumwasreducedby2.80millioninthebudgetlion,andfor1999,17.06million.Thiscanbeexplainedasfollows.In1998,thecreditwasadEUR,i.e.,athreefoldincrease.For1998,thetableofanalysisindicatesacreditof14.98milThecreditsfortheIWTspecialisationgrantsincreasedfrom1993-2000by11.10millionuniversities,mentalresearch,butintheformofresearchmandatesandresearchprojectsforallthegratedintheuniversities.Obviously,theFWOisalsoofcrucialimportanceforfundingfundasubsidiesoftheuniversities,andtheBOF-bothfundingmechanismswhicharedirectlyintecificandcentralised,andshouldbeseenasadditionalfunding,inadditiontotheoperationcreaseisallthemoreconsiderable,takingintoaccountthefactthattheFWO’sroleisfairlyspeFortheFWO,theincreaseamountsto33.5millionEURfortheperiod1996-2000.Thisinresearchtheonlysourceoffundingforfundamentalresearchforresearchprojectswhichfallundertheuniversities,andalargenumberofinitiativesandprojects.Ontheotherhand,thisisvirtuallypolicyoftheuniversities.andinamorecompactformwithmoreconditionsimposed.millionEUR.36%throughtheBOF,and10%throughtheIWT.
chapterIII.6–140
chapterIII.6–141
2. Operation of universities and similar institutes allR&D),analogoustothesituationabroad.From1997,thecreditsforthesocialprovisionsforoperatingsubsidies,aswellusingthesamemethodofdistribution(75%STETand25%Table2.2summarisesthe“Othersubsidiestouniversities”.Itwasdecidedtoincludetheseaswithinthestructuralandtheproject-basedfundingofuniversityresearch,insofarasthisispossiblefewyears.Investmentcreditswillalsobeincreased.Inthisway,abalanceisachievedbetweenTheGovernmentofFlandersaimstosignificantlyincreasetheoperationsubsidiesinthenextsubsidies,dies,aswellasthedevelopmentsintheproportionforpersonnelthatisfundedbyoperationPartIV,pp.116etseq.givesafurtherexplanationoftheexpenditureoftheoperationsubsiwhilethesecondfundingcanbeusedspecificallyforresearch.The1997InformationGuide,rememberedthattheoperationsubsidiesarespreadoutoverabroadrangeofexpenditure,theoverallcreditsincreasedby54.5million,thesecondfundingby66.9million.Itshouldbepacewiththecontributionsofthesecondfundinginthepast.Duringtheperiod1996-1999,However,ingeneral,itcanbesaidthattheoperationsubsidiesattheuniversitiesdidnotkeepdexvelopmentsinunitsalarycosts,whiletheremaining20%isadaptedinaccordancewiththeinUniversityDecreeof12June1991.Theshareofthesalarycomponent(80%)followsthedelationwasalsorevised(alsoseeChapterIII.4).Theindexationformulawaslaiddowninthevices.Astructuralincreaseof7.44millionEURwasintroducedin1998.Themethodofcalcufortheirnormalactivitiesinvolvedinacademiceducation,scientificresearchandscientificserThecreditsincreasedby12.71million.TheoperationsubsidiesarethefundsthattheyreceiveTable2.1providesasummaryoftheuniversityoperationsubsidiesfortheyears1993-2000.Trainingcantproportion,viz.,500millionfor2000-or44.4%.Ofthissum,75%isforEducationandOfthetotalcreditsforthesciencepolicy,thesubsidiesfortheuniversitiesaccountforasignifi(STET)while25%isforResearchandDevelopment(R&D).ofconsumerprices.comparedwithpersonnelpaidfromothersources.theavailableenvelopeofthebudget.theuniversitieswereregroupedinasinglebasicallocation. chapterIII.6–142
butionsystemisusedforalmostallthesecredits.OnlythecreditfortheCollegeforDoctoralTable2.3providesasummaryofthesubsidiesto“comparable”institutes.The75%/25%districhapterIII.6–143
areandstudiesinsupportofpolicy”,oftheDepartmentofEducation,(seebelow).ThesecreditsHigherEducationhavebeenincorporatedinTable5,“SectoralinitiativesandsectoralresearchStudiesinManagementSciencesisallocatedwhollytoR&D.Since1997,thecreditsforOpencompletelyallocatedtoSTET. 3. Funding research and development of new technologies for industry Table 3 provides a summary of the most important credits for specific industrial research. This is summarised as follows: • ousthereforetheactualpolicyscope–andinparticular,thetransferofthebalancesfromprevifortheperiod1993-1996,theactualIWTallocationauthorisationsavailableperyear–andtakingintoaccountthetransferofthebalancesfrompreviousyears.Therelatedtableshows3indicatestheIWTallocationauthorisationsasindicatedinthebudgetdocuments,withoutthetwobudgetitems,FIOVandIWT,asinstrumentsforfundingindustrialresearch.Tableyearsisincludedhere; • thetable.Thesecreditsincreasedgraduallyandwereallocatedin1999toasinglebasicallotheIWToperatingmeans(grantsandpaymentsforservicesrendered)werealsoincludedin chapterIII.6–144
• encetional)creditsinthecontextofscienceinformation,andareclassifiedwiththegeneralsciTechnopolis:from1999,thecreditsareincludedintheFTI(FlandersTechnologyInternapolicy(point6);
• apolicycreditinthesciencepolicybudget.Infact,asumof4.96millionEURwaspaidtotheFlandersBiotechFundwasnotextendedfrom1999;thereforeitisnolongerincludedas
• includedlatedtoenvironmentally-friendlytechnologies,forsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises)wasVIB.From1999,VITO–Prodem(co-fundingofanERDF-IIdemonstrationprojectrethecreditsforthefundingofthethreemainFlemishresearchinstitutes,IMEC,VITOandinthegrantfortheVITO;
• expectedtobeofstrategicimportancefortheFlemisheconomyandsocietyinthelongterm;Wellfare”.Thisisprevalorizationresearch:high-risktechnologicalresearchinfieldswhichareSTWW=theprogramme“StrategicTechnologiesforthePromotionofWell-beingand
• thetheHOBUresearchfund,withtheaimofalsosupportingindustriallyfocusedresearchatindustrialinstitutesofhighereducation;
chapterIII.6–145
• search);thecreditsforSTV,tosupportresearchintothesocialaspectsofnewtechnologies(TAre
vicescation.Theoperatingfundsrelatebothtotheinternalmanagementcostsandtoexternalserandsupervisionaswellasexpenditureforstudiesandexpertisetasks;
23.12.1994.theFlandersBiotechfundforfiveyears(1994-1998)inaccordancewiththeagreementofFor2000,onlythepaymentbalanceofthepreviousyearsremains; • million).slightdecline,attheleveloftheSTWW(afallof6.05million)andIWT/FIOV(afallof4.78authorisationsoftheIWTandFIOV,VIB,IWT-HOBUandSTWW.In2000,therewasaTherewasaconstantincreaseinthecreditsintheperiod1996-1999,mainlyintheallocationinareintendedforthevalorizationoftheuniversityresearchresultsanddonotactuallybelongtheinterfaceservicesoftheuniversities.ThesecreditsareincludedinthistablebecausetheyTable1onnon-orientedresearchattheuniversities. 4. Scientific institutes, departmental divisions and Flemish public institutions 2.19.million),AQUAFIN(+1.24million)andMINA2.28(+12.05million)-replacingMINAFor2000,anincreaseincreditscanbeseenfortheArcheologicalPatrimonyInstitute(+0.74theabouttheuseofthesefundsfromthattime.ThisconcernsthebudgetswhichareavailableontheMINAfundwerealsoincludedintheanalysistable,becauseinformationbecameavailableThesignificantincreaseinthecreditsfrom1996canbeattributedtothefactthatthecreditsofprovidecertaindepartmentaldivisions,orFlemishPublicInstitutions,whichalsoconductresearchandTable4providesasummaryofthecreditswhicharedistributedoverthescientificinstitutes,scientificservicesaspartoftheirtask.MINAfundforsciencepolicy,forVMM,OVAM,AQUAFIN,VLMandVLINA. chapterIII.6–146
chapterIII.6–147
5. Sectoral initiatives and research and studies in support of policy
wereotherhand,totheBAswhichfalldirectlyunderthedepartmentalbudget.Thus,thesecreditsinstitutesandVOIswhichfallunderthedepartmentsoftheMinistryofFlanders–and,onthecreditsfortheseare,ontheonehand,allocatedtotheBAstofundthescientificactivitiesinthetentdepartment,inthiscase,theEnvironmentandInfrastructureDepartment.Therefore,theeachothertosomeextent,inthesensethatVMM,OVAM,etc.actuallyfallunderthecompeorientedinitiativestogetherforthesectoralsciencepolicy.Table4andTable5complementTable5providesasummaryofthecreditsprovidedforresearchinsupportofpolicyandpolicy-groupedinChapterIII.4ontheSectoralSciencePolicy.
textoftheincreasedbudgetsforenvironmentalresearchasexplainedindetailinchapterIII.4.thecreditincreasesforAQUAFINandMINA2.28,seethepreviouspoint4.ThisisintheconThereisanincreaseof10.04millionEURforLIN.Thisshouldbeconsideredtogetherwithdertionandcontentsofthesebudgetshavebeenchangedfor2000,sothattheynolongerfalluncontainsinitialcredits,thoughitisincludedinthe1998adaptedcredits.Meanwhile,theallocawasallocated.Thisobviouslydoesnotappearinthe1998InformationGuide,becauseitonlyof1998,anavailablecreditof16.48millionwasincludedinthebudget,ofwhich6.69millionicycreditsforthatyearwouldotherwisebeoverestimated.ItshouldbenotedthatinthecourseThereforethe1999creditsintheanalysistablewereadaptedinthissense,becausetherealpolpreviousgovernment.However,only5.53millionofthiswasactuallyallocatedtoinnovation.Programme11.4foravarietyofinitiativesinthecontextoftheinnovationencouragedbythetablenow).Thereasonforthisisthat11.32millionwasallocatedtotheBA32.01ofinally12.12millionEUR).Thismustbenormalisedtoalevelof6.32million(asshownintheItshouldbenotedthatthecreditsfortheCOOdepartmentrevealgreatincreasesin1999(origtheHBPWB.
chapterIII.6–148
6. A variety of expenditure related to the general science policy informationfundsforpolicy-orientedresearch,internationalcooperationandtheexpenditurerelatedtotheIn2000,thereisafallinthecreditsofalmost7.44millioneuro,duetothereductionintheofcreasedcreditsforpolicy-orientedresearchandthepublicationofthesciencepolicy,aswellasTherewasadrasticincreaseinthecreditsintheperiod1997-1999.Thisistheresultoftheinportawhole.Theadvisoryorganswerealsoincludedinthisclassificationofthetable,astheysupThisincludestheinitiativeswhicharetakenbythecentralAWItosupportthesciencepolicyastheoverallpolicyinscienceandtechnology.theexpenditurerelatedtotheinformationsocietyandinternationalscientificcooperation.society. chapterIII.6–149
Researchrelevanttopolicyperdepartment itsThedistributionofthetotalbudgetoftheHBPWB2000acrossthesixclassifications,aswellascreditsCurrentlyan“inventoryofresearchrelevanttopolicy”isbeingdrawnup,examiningalltheanscientificinstitutesarenotincludedhere.Theinstitutes-includingtheMINAfund-weregivenTheresearchrelevanttopolicybeingcarriedoutinallsortsofinstitutes,e.g.,thefiveFlemishaddedforresearchrelevanttopolicy.ThecreditsforresearchinsupportofpolicyfortheAWIare5(Sectoralinitiativesandsectoralresearchandstudiesinsupportofpolicy)whichareintendedforresearchinsupportofpolicy.Inprinciple,itisassumedthatthesearethecreditsfromtableThisfigureprovidesasummaryofthecreditsasallocatedtothedepartmentalbasicallocationstothesectoralcredits.appropriateplaceinthetablesofanalysis(table4).forthisresearch.evolutionintheperiod1993-2000isshowninthefollowingtable. chapterIII.6–150
universities,duetothenetincreasefortheMINAfund,with17.35millionEUR,andinthecreditsfortheTheHPBWB2000hasincreasedby29.6millionEUR,comparedwith1999.Thisismainlytheoverallincreaseof12.39millionfortheONDdepartment,largelyasaresultoftheincreaseinthereorganisationoftheloanstouniversities,combinedwithashorterrepaymentperiod);antheinnovationmovement;12.39millionforthebudgetoftheAZFdepartment,(asaresultof4.96millionforthebudgetoftheCOOwiththecreditsforlifelonglearninginthecontextofrepresenting0.05billionextraforthebudgetprogrammes71.1,71.2and71.3;morethanFor1999,thetotalincreaseintheHBPWBamountstomorethan0.07billioneuro,mainlytively,theperiod1995-1999,theactualsciencebudgetincreasedbyover0.20billionEUR;cumulaThetotalcreditsoftheHBPWBfrom1993to2000areshowninthefollowingfigure.Duringthismeansmorethan0.50billion.operatingpaymentsoftheuniversitiesasaresultofindexation.by9million(operationsubsidiesandinvestmentcredits). chapterIII.6–151
allocationsreadyoutdated,andthereforetheresearchisdifficulttoplaceinthesecategories.Thewaysreadytobeused.Insomeresearchfields,therevised1993editionoftheNABScodesisal-theanalysisuptothesub-NABSlevelisstillatapreparatorystage.TheNABScodesarenotal-NABSlevel.Thisshouldbeworkedoutinfurtherdetail.Atthefederalandinternationallevel,codes.PartIIIofthisInformationGuidecontinuestheanalysisinsomecasesuptothesub-TheaccompanyingfigureshowsthepercentagedistributionofR&DcreditsovertheNABSofThetableandgraphsshownbelowsubdividesthebudgetoftheHBPWB2000intermsoftypeactivity,typeofNABScode,anddepartmentconsecutively.mustthereforebeinterpretedasapproximatefigures. chapterIII.6–152
Media.theMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEconomics,TownandCountryPlanningandFlandersforEducationandTraining-includingtheoperationsubsidiestotheuniversities-andmentofFlanders,withaconcentrationofthefundsfortheMinisteroftheGovernmentofThelastgraphshowsthedistributionofthesciencecreditsoverthemembersoftheGovern chapterIII.6–153
THEMATICANALYSISOFEXPENDITUREINTOENVIRONMENTALRESEARCH
THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURE INTO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
155 PARTIV
The experimental plot "Zoniënwoud". IBW is responsible for moni toring the health status of the forests in the Flemish Region. (Photo IBW) In 1999, the occurrence of the pine mar ten in Flanders was confirmed via the “Marten network”. (Slide R. Verlinde) Experimental station for capturing insects living in dead wood. These insects are important bio-indicators for the ecological value of woods. (Photo IBW)
Chapter IV.I Summary 1994-1999: credits and the most important policy lines chapterIV.I ThisIBWsearchcarriedoutbyuniversities.Thisiscommissionedbyagreatvarietyofparties(alsoIN,1999,updatingcurrentprojectscarriedoutinApril1999).TheIWETOmainlycomprisesresearchprojectscontainedinthepresentIWETOdatabank(IWETOdatabase,firstsemesterInaddition,project-basedscreeningintoenvironmentalresearch,wascarriedoutforalltheretheseandthespecialisationgrantsandresearchmandatesoftheIWTFlanderswerenotincludedinchapters.Onlyproject-based,structuredresearchisexamined.TheFWOFlandersmandatesdures),werethenanalysedingreaterdetail.Theseanalysesaredealtwithinthefollowingrectlyorindirectlyandpartially,throughsubmittingprojectproposalsandselectionproceTheselargecreditblocks,whichmadefundsavailableforenvironmentalresearch(eitherdi4.The3.The2.The1.Researchinsupportoforrelevanttopolicy,fundedbythebasicallocationsofthedepartSomesourcesronmentinastrictsense,butalsoresearchintotherationaluseofenergy,alternativeenergyvironmentalresearch”isinterpretedinabroadsense.Itnotonlycoversresearchintotheenvi-oftheFlemishCommunityintheperiod1994-1999,toenvironmentalresearch.Theterm“en-Ahorizontalcrosssectionwasmadeofallthecreditsforsciencepolicyallocatedinthebudgetthecatedinthepast(from1994-orwhererelevant,evenearlier-upto1999)toresearchrelatedtoTheanalysisofexpenditureonenvironmentalresearchtacklesthecontentofthecredits,allo-crucialresearch.Certainly,theGovernmentofFlandershasmadesustainabledevelopment–anditsThethemefortheanalysisofexpenditurefortheInformationGuide2000wasenvironmentalplacefortheenvironment–apriorityinitsgovernmentprogramme.environment.Itexaminestheactualcontentofthecredits.…importantlargesourcesofpossiblefundingwerefoundtobe:mentsPBO(ProgrammeforPolicy-Orientedresearch)AMINALandMINAcreditsothersscientificinstitutes:INandIBWresearchinstitutes:IMECandVITOfundinginstitutes:FWOandIWTanalyses.andAMINAL).analysisproducedthefollowingoverallresults: chapterIV.I–157
• andinternationallevel(fundingintheformofmandates,projects…),1,033couldbeidentiofthe9,830researchinitiativesrecordedoverall,whichwerefundedattheFlemish,federalfiedas“environmentally-related”,i.e.over10%; • weretheFlemishCommunity(onlyproject-basedresearchcarriedoutbyteamsofresearchersofthese9,830initiatives,479projectswerefound,whichwerefundedfromthebudgetofincluded); • NotEffectsEnvironmentalUseNuisanceIonisingLossFragmentation10NuisanceNuisanceDehydration24Sea11PollutionPollutionstancesThespreadofenvironmentallydangeroussubFertilisers9Acidity8PollutionhouseChangesThemesinananalysisrelatedtotheenvironmentalthemesoftheseprojectsproducedtheresultsshownthetablebelow.NumberofresearchprojectsfundedfromtheFlemishbudgetintheclimateasaresultofthegreeneffect17byphotochemicalsubstances1891bywastematerials28ofsurfacewaters57causedbynoisepollution13causedbyodours3ofbiodiversity82radiation4causedbylight1ofGMOs3planning51onthesoil7themerelated(*)42 Total479 (*) related to energy, health, ecology, etc. An explanation of the themes can be found in the MINA Plan 2 and MIRA-T ning.relatedtothese.Agreatdealofresearchisalsocarriedoutinrelationtoenvironmentalplanaccountedformostprojects.Thethemesofpollutionbywastematerialsanddehydrationarequentlyinconnectionwiththefragmentationofnaturalareas,dehydration),inparticularants,pesticides,asbestos,…);thepollutionofsurfacewaters,andthelossofbiodiversity(freproblems.Thespreadofenvironmentallydangeroussubstances(heavymetals,organicpollutThisshowsthatinthepast,agreatdealofresearchwascarriedoutrelatedtoenvironmental1999. chapterIV.I–158
total:55
tracement.Inaddition,researchisalsocarriedoutintodeterminingminerals,suchasdeterminingwithaviewtoachievingarationaluseofenergyandareductioninthepollutionoftheenvironenergyresearchwithbothaneconomicandanecologicalperspective.However,itiscarriedoutaddedthatthisisnotatypicalenvironmentalresearchprojectinthestrictsenseoftheterm,butCO2/REGpolicyplanforthereductionofCO2emissions.Forthesakeofclarity,itshouldbesumptionofenergy,andthereforedirectlysupportsthecontinuedimplementationoftheservices.ThiswasinthecontextoftheobjectivetoachievesubstantialreductionsintheconInthepast,anumberofcreditswereassignedtotasksrelatedtosupportingpolicyandscientificelements(includingmetals)intheFlemishminerals.
chapterIV.I–159
lationshiphealth,agriculture,andenergy,respectively(onlytakingintoaccountprojectsinwhichthisreFurtheranalysisintocombinedprojectsdealingwiththeenvironmentandtheeconomy,wasclearlyformulated)producedthefollowingresult:numberofprojectsenvironment-energy:25environment-health:13environment-economy:12environment-agriculture5 informationInthecontextofthethematicanalysisofexpenditureintoenvironmentalresearch,thereisalsohealth,Thisshowsthatresearchwascertainlycarriedoutinfieldsconnectingtheenvironmenttotheeconomy,agricultureorenergy.onthefollowingaspectsofenvironmentalresearch:
Welfare,PublicHealthandCultureDepartment(WVC)
Thesedatashouldpermitthegovernmenttotaketheappropriatemeasures,particularlytosafeHobokenTheanalysisoftheleadcontentinbloodsamplestakeninthedistrictofMoretusbergin1984allocatedtothis–thecurrentagreemententeredintoeffecton1January1994.However,fromThisiscarriedoutbytheProvincialInstituteforHygieneAntwerp.Everyyear,12,500EURisnectionFortheWVC,theFlemishCommunityfundsoneresearchproject:apopulationstudyincon-withleadinthedistrictofHoboken,CityofAntwerp.therehavebeenagreementstofundthispopulationstudy.isaimedat:•Determiningtheindividualrisksofthechildreninthisdistricttwiceayear,becauseofthehighlocalrisk.•Followingtheevolutionofthegeneralimpregnationoflead,andexaminingtheeffectofcertainmeasures,onthebasisofresultseverytwoyearssince1979.•Discoveringthewaysinwhichimpregnationtakesplaceinmoredetail,onthebasisofadditionaldata(address,leaddeposits…).guardchildrenagainstharmfulconsequences.Asregardstheresults,itappearsthattheleadlevelsinthebloodofschoolchildrenlivinginthisdistricthavefallensince1990.Theresultsforeverylocationthatisstudiedarepassedtothedoctorsresponsibleintherespectiveareas.Theindividualresultsaresenttoparentsandthefamilydoctor.
Economics,Employment,HomeAffairsandAgricultureDepartment(EWBL)
chapterIV.2–161
Introduction releasedfortheexecutionofthisplan,ofwhichmorethan12.4millionisallocatedtoresearchsystematicallyaccompaniedbytheresearchthatisneeded.Approx.70millionextrafundswerements.ThefirstEnvironmentalPolicyPlan(1997-2001)developsstrategiesbasedonthemes,report,andayearlyprogramme.Scientificresearchhasanimportantplaceinthesethreedocutroducedaplanningcycleforenvironmentalpolicy,consistingofafive-yearplan,atwo-yearlyinrelationtoenvironmentalpolicy”datingfrom1995,abbreviatedtoDABM.ThisdecreeinThemostimportantstructuralchangewasbroughtaboutbythe“Decreeongeneralprovisionstheseknowledgebaseofthegovernmentforpolicy,butalsotostartadynamicprocessinrelationto(approx.12.4millionEUReachtime).Inbothcases,theexplicitaimwastoincreasethescientificworldrelateditsresearchtothese.Extrafundsweremadeavailableineachcaseture.Inbothcases,anumberofprioritythemesinsupportofpolicywereemphasised,andtheject,mainlyfocusingonresearch,inconnectionwiththeconservationanddevelopmentofnaProgrammeforNatureDevelopment)hasrunforfiveyearssince1996.Thisisasimilarproenvironmentally-friendlyproductsandproductionmethods.TheVLINA(FlemishImpulsesearch,theexchangeofinformation,andinvestmentsinenvironmentaltechnologyandpulseProgrammeforEnvironmentalTechnology).Thiswasaimedatstimulatingappliedreprogrammes.Forexample,theVLIMprogrammewasrunfrom1990to1994(FlemishImInmanycases,researchwasfurtherstimulatedinparticularpolicyareasthroughspecificInnovationprogrammesoftheInstitutes,whichcanbefoundeveryyearinthe“Science,Technologyandwhicharedirectlychargedtothebudget.Itisthisinformation,togetherwiththeworkingAMINAL,VMM,VLM,OVAMandVMW,aswellasstudiesfromtheIN,IBWandVITO,(TWOL)since1994.Anattempthasbeenmadetoincludeallthestudiescarriedoutbythetheplannedscientificresearchinthispolicyarea,anactualprogrammehasbeendrawnuppaidfromawiderangeofprogrammesandbudgetitems.Inordertosystematicallyexaminepectsofenvironmentalpolicyrequestsuchresearch.ThescientificresearchthatiscarriedoutisInfact,manyofthedepartmentsresponsibleforthepreparationandexecutionofvariousas-fore,itisnotsurprisingthatinsupportofthispolicy,thereisagreatneedforscientificresearch.problemdealswithaspectsofphysics,chemistry,biology,geology,andgeography…There-policyarespecial,inthesensethattheyconcernverytechnicalmatters.EveryenvironmentalInthecontextoftheMinistryoftheFlemishCommunity,theenvironmentandenvironmentalInformationGuide”.themesinthescientificworld.
Chapter IV.2 Research in support of/relevant to policy chapterIV.2 IV.2.aAppliedScientificResearchintotheEnvironment(TWOL)
chapterIV.2–162
the“theenvironment”;thefollowingEnvironmentalPolicyPlan(period2002-2006)alsoreservesdicators.Astrategicprojectonscientificresearchisnotonlybeingsetupinthepolicyfieldofture,andinaddition,attentionwillbefocusedonbuildingupdatabanks,andworkingwithintosupportandimprovetheflowofinformation.ThisconcernwillbemaintainedinthenearfuCurrentlythemainfocusisonstreamliningalltheseinitiatives,andonprovidinginstrumentsthetionandtheapproachofactionsfromtheEnvironmentalPolicyPlan,withampleattentiontothesehaveappeareduptonow:in1998,1999,and2000.Ineachcase,theypresenttheevolutheseaspects.Finally,AnnualEnvironmentalProgrammesaredrawnupeveryyear.Threeoftivities,thepressuresontheenvironment,itsconditionandtheresponsesofgovernmenttoallattentionisdevoted,bothinplanningandinthereports,tothecausallinksbetweenhumanacthegapsintheknowledgeareindicated–againinrelationtoparticularthemes.Agreatdealofknowledgeinrelationtoproblemsoftheenvironmentandnature,inaclearway.Inaddition,basis.Since1994,fourofthesehavebeenpublished,presentingthepositionofscientificgiesandprioritiesthathavebeendrawnup.TheEnvironmentalReportisanotherimportantanidealcontextforusingtheexistingfundsforresearchinaccordancewiththeplannedstrateanddevelopment.Inaddition,thisEnvironmentalPolicyPlan(andthefollowingplan)createsplannedandcurrentresearchprojectsinthiscontext.necessaryattentiontoanythingrelatedtoincreasingthebodyofknowledge.
Analysis mentsprecursors.Inaddition,theresearchwasmainlyconcernedwithstudiesinthecontextofinstruIn1998,therewasanexaminationofthereductioninemissionsforacidsubstancesandozonepurificationtherewasresearchaimedatexaminingthecombustionofwasteinFlanders(quantities,fluegasmodelofnutrientswasworkedoutinpreparationforanevaluationoftheMAP.Furthermore,plosionsofgasesinliquidforminindustrialinstituteswerealsoanalysed,andamigrationdrawupabookofdirectivesforenvironmentaleffectreports,amongstothers.TherisksofexKwaadmechelenandHoboken.Withregardtotheregulations,therewerecommissionstoaccumulationofheavymetalsonvegetation(vegetablesandgrass)inTessenderlo–outintopotentialareasofsilence.Biologicalresearchwasalsocarriedoutintotheimpactofthedersandthesourcesofthiswerecategorised.Inthisconnection,acousticresearchwascarriedodours.Inaddition,therewerestudiesoftheextentoftheproblemscausedbynoiseinFlanIn1997,researchwascarriedoutinsupportof,andtodrawupstandardswithregardtotions/policyatmosphericpollution.Therewerealsoarelativelylargenumberofactivitiesrelatedtoregulageroussubstances,suchasheavymetals,nuisancecausedbyodourandnoiseorcombatingsearchinconnectionwithacidification,pollutionbyphotochemicalandenvironmentallydanandthereforeapprovedaltogether,for1997,1998and1999respectively.ThisconcernedreForthebudgetprogramme61.1,BAs12.59and12.62,8,14and16projectsweredetermined,1999.madeavailableforeveryyear,producesthefollowingpictureofresearchintheperiod1997-datafile,theinformationfromthefinancialsystemandtheTWOLdocuments,whichwereTheanalysisoftheenvironmentalprojects,asdetectedbyacombinationofthecurrentIWETOAMINAL12.46pointIV.3,includingtheresearchfundedbythebasicallocations,61.212.45(IN)and61.3Theresearchcarriedoutbythescientificinstitutions,INandIBW,isdealtwithseparatelyinandstrictedheretoAMINAL,andfortheFlemishpublicinstitutions:AQUAFIN,OVAM,VLM,ThenatureandevolutionofenvironmentalprojectsisdescribedfortheLINDepartment,re-VMM.(IBW).instruments:3projectsin1997,8in1998and4in1999.techniques,emissions,predictionsforthefuture).fortheexecutionofpolicy,suchas:
• criteriaandthresholdsindeterminingtheobligationtodrawupenvironmentaleffectreports; • the elaboration of models to calculate noise produced by railways and industry; • foraneconomicanalysisoftheemissionlimitsforthedischargeofwastewaterandairpollutionparticulardistricts; • a horizontal examination of the execution of environmental regulations; • ysisdeterminingtheprioritiesincarryingoutofficialcleaningoperationsonthebasisofananalofcostsandreturns; • a general study on safety reports and a quantitative risk analysis; • a feasibility study of the risk criteria for existing and new Seveso institutions; • air,andlegalandmethodologicalaspectsoftheinstrument“localisedenvironmentaleffectreenvironmentallicences,preparationofacleaning-upprogrammerelatedtothequalityofthepolicy.Forexample,therewasresearchontheconditionsofexploitationanduseforgrantingcarriedoutin1999inthecontextoftheregulationsandinstrumentsfortheimplementationofInadditiontoananalysisofdioxinemissionscausedbyheatingbuildings,researchwasmainlystorageInaddition,therewasastudyonevaluationanddevelopmentofsectoralconditionsforthereportsastudyofthequantitativeriskanalysisofentireindustrialzones,basedontheavailablesafetyoftheindividualinstitutionswithanobligationtodrawupsafetyreports.anddistributioncompaniesfordangeroussubstances.ports”.FundingwasallocatedfortheBA12.63ofprogramme61.1,amongstotherthings,forlegalenvironmentaladviceonspecificurgentenvironmentalproblems(1997);researchinconnec-tionwiththeproblemsoffertilisersandtheFertilizerDecreeandFertilizerActionPlan(MAP)(1998);thepositionwithregardtotheconversionoftheEuropeandirectivesintheFlemishRegionandtrendsinEuropeanenvironmentalpolicy(1999).ResearchwascarriedoutwithBA61.312.63intothelossofbiodiversityinrelationtotheis-suesoffragmentationandacidification.Programme61.4onlandmanagementfundedresearchonregulationsinthecontextoftheFlandersStructuralPlanonTownandCountryPlanning,fertilisers,acidification,dehydration,fragmentation,environmentalplanningandlanduse.In1997,researchwascarriedoutforthescientificsupportofthedetailedoutliningofagriculturalareasetc.,asprovidedintheFlandersStructuralPlanforTownandCountryPlanning.In1998,studieswerealsocarriedoutonmonitoringthelossesofnutrientsinanumberofriverbasinsinFlanders;thecontinueddevelopmentoftheagriculture-environmentindicatorsonnutrientbalancesandqualityofthesoil;andthereisalsoamanualforthedevelopmentofagriculturalbusinesszones.In1999,studieswerecarriedoutintolanduse.Along-termstudywascarriedoutintheyears1997,1998and1999,insupportoftheeffortsoftheFlemishRegionwithregardtolanduseinthewidestsense.Programme61.5onwatermanagement,coveredresearch,forexample,intothepollutionofthesurfacewatersandwaysofremedyingthis,dehydration,regulationsonthequalityofdrinkingwater,environmentally-friendlytechnologiesforthestorageofheat/cold,etc.In1997,theresearchfocussedonimprovingthequalityofsurfacewatersbyreducingpollutionasaresultoftheoverflowsofmixedsewagesystems;themodellingprogrammesISIS,andMike11,tolearnmoreaboutthebehaviourandmethodsofcalculationwithregardtoriverbasinsandresearch,aimedatgainingageneralpictureofthesuppliesofgroundwateranditsevolutionintime.Inaddition,adatamodelwasdevelopedforthestorage,processingandreportingofthequalityofdrinkingwaterinFlanders,andfinally,thereisastudyontheapplicationofstorageofheat/coldasanenvironmentally-friendlytechnology.1998sawresearchinthecontextoftheMAPandtheimplementationofthedirectiveonnitrates:ananalysisoftheprocessesandmechanismswhichdevelopinthesubsoilasaresultofdepositsofnitrates,withorwithouttheinfluenceofthepresenceofextractinggroundwater, chapterIV.2–163
tionalobtainedfromthe1996-1998VLINAannualreports(obtainablefromtheVLINAOpera-Detailedinformation–bothontheselectedprojectsandontheirrelevancetopolicy,etccanbeEverystarted.importanttasksoftheVLINA.1996wasthefirstyear,andin1997,thefirstprojectsactuallychanges,andthemonitoringofspecies,biocommunitiesandecosystemswasseenasoneoftheNatureDevelopmentPlan.Researchintotherelationshipbetweenspecificenvironmentalvelopment)–2.5millionperyear.TheVLINAwasestablishedinthecontextofthe1990-1995MINA2.25allocatesthecreditsfortheVLINA(FlemishImpulseProgrammeforNatureDeothertoprojectsonbiodiversityandtherelatedissuesofdehydrationandfragmentation,butalsoIn1998and1999,thecreditslines2.5and2.19oftheMINAFundwereallocatedparticularlyAofalsodrawnupfortheeffectivemonitoringofthequalityofgroundwaterinrelationtotheuseandtakingintoaccountthegeologicalconditionsandtheconditionofthesoil.Adraftplanwasfertilisers.specificstudywascarriedoutontheexterminationofmuskratsin1998and1999.issuessuchasthepollutionofsurfacewaters,etc.Thelastprojectswerestartedin2000.Policyareasthroughtheyearshaveincluded;•indicatorsforbiodiversityandtheintroductionofnature-basedstandards•ecologicalaspectsofnaturaldevelopment.•thefragmentationofhabitats•ecohydrologicalaspects•socialaspectsofnaturedevelopmentyear,researchprioritieswereformulatedinrelationtothesethemes.Unit;tel.02/5502012).MINAFund:AQUAFIN,OVAM,VLM,VMMAQUAFINAquafinNVwasestablishedin1991,withthetaskofdevelopingastructureforthepurifica-tionofdomesticwastewaterinFlanders.Intermsofcontent,ResearchandDevelopmentinAquafinhavealwaysbeenfocusedonsupportingthistask.Thekeywordsinthisare optimalisingtheplanningandexploitation makingInadditiontotheeconomicaspects,theanalysisofthescenariowhichsupportsthedecisionsewagenally,riskanalysis,bothforthedesignofthesystemofcollectorsthatwasdesigned,andforthemodelling,calibrationoftheresultsofmeasurementcampaignsandpilotexperiments,andfiofscenariosmadeuseofdetailedcharacterisationofinfluents,sensitivityanalysis,dynamicOverthecourseoftheyears,astandardprocedurewasdevelopedforrenovation.Theanalysistechniques.soonaspossible.Inthefirstinstance,pilotexperimentswerecarriedout,relatedtomodellingnutrients,R&Dwasmaderesponsibleforprovidingthebestavailabletechnologyforthis,asitwasestablished.AstheexistingsewagepurificationplantshadnotbeendesignedtoremoveadditionaltaskofexploitingandrenovatingtheinfrastructurewhichhadalreadyexistedbeforewholeofFlanderswasidentifiedasavulnerablearea;ontheotherhand,AquafinwasgiventheFrom1994,theactivitiesaccelerated.Thereweretworeasonsforthis:ontheonehand,thenitrogenmanyofResearchandDevelopment’seffortswerefocusedontheprocessesfortheremovalofnerableareasinFlanders,itwasnecessarytoimplementapolicytoremovenutrients;thereforetovariousdimensions,makinguseofmodellingtechniques,amongstotherthings.Forthevultermsoftheindividualpartsoftheprocess.Inaddition,aprocedurewasdevelopedinrelationbilityinFlanders,andifnecessary,optimalised,bothintermsofthechoiceofprocesses,andinble.Forthispurpose,theavailabletechnologywasscreened,examinedintermsofitsapplicaInthefirstyears(1991-1994),itwasimportanttoachievestandardisationasquicklyaspossiandphosphorous.purificationplant.alwaystakesintoaccounttheecologicalandsocialaspects. chapterIV.2–164
chapterIV.2–165
1)Thewastesector tionsupportcentre.OtherprojectswerespecificallyfocusedontheproblemareasfortheprepIn1999,therewasmoreprevention-orientedresearch,forexample,withregardtotheprevenThereuctmodelmunicipalityofDilbeek,preventiveactionsfornappies,environmentally-friendlyprodsesofsortingmethods,researchintomassbalance,recyclingcentres,preventiveresearchintheIntermsofpolicyprioritiestherewasastrongpreventivefocus.Forexample,therewereanalyexecutionDuringtheperiod1996-98,theresearchwasstronglyfocusedonthe1997-2001planforthedevelopmentnificantproportionconcernedresearchonthepotentialforpreventionandfurtheragepreventivemeasuresinsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.Ineveryindustrialsector,asigIn1995and1996,agreatdealoffundswerealsospentonthePRESTIprogramme,toencourgroupwithregardtotheirestablishmentandintheirexecution.Itwasthefirststageinthetargettrialunionsandotherinstitutionsthatwereinvolvedcouldmakeadirectcontribution,bothorientedframework.Thisresultedintheplansforexecution,orprogrammesinwhichindusmolitionindustry,andhospitalwaste),severaltargetedstudiesweresetuptoestablishapolicy-Inrelationtoanumberofspecialtypesofwaste,(carwrecks,wastefromthebuildinganddeTherevestigateindicatedanumberofareasrequiringfurtherresearch.Forexample,therewasresearchtoinIn1994-95,theresearchwascarriedoutfollowingthe1991-1995wastematerialsplan,whichprevention-bothfordomesticwasteandforindustrialwaste.wasalsoastudyonoptimalisingthecombustion(calorificvalue,optimumuse…).policy.forthebusinessesconcerned.ofmeasuresrelatedtodomesticwastematerials.development…).werealsofollow-upprogrammestoPRESTI1.
soil.Ingeneral,theresearchcanbedividedupintothewastesector,andthesectorforcleaningthetentTheresearchfortheperiod1994-1999isdescribedinageneralwayintheanalysisofthecon-OVAMent,always:morefar-reachingpurification,newandstricternorms,therecyclingofsiltandeffluResearchandDevelopmentprojectswerestartedinthisfieldinrecentyears.Thekeywordsareaccounttheincreasingattentionpaidtosustainableaspectsandrecycling,alargenumberofthisrespect,inthesensethatanincreasinglymodel-basedapproachwasadopted.Takingintocerntopreventandremedynuisancecausedbyodoursandnoise,progresswasalsomadeinsystemsinadvanceonthecomputer,andtestthemforfeasibility.Becauseoftheconstantconandpatented.TherecentlydevelopeddynamicmodelsareusedtosimulatethesemonitoringFortheoptimalisationoftheexploitation,newintelligentmonitoringsystemsweredevelopedoptimalised,forexample,onthebasisofpracticaloperationalexperienceandpilotexperiments.plantpurificationsystems,amongstotherthings.ThisconceptisstillconstantlyadaptedandForthispurpose,astandardAquafinconceptwasdevelopedatthebeginning,makinguseoftheseForthedevelopmentofthenewinfrastructure,astartwasmadeonthelargerconurbations.Astions.alternativeprocesses,suchastheco-combustionofwastewaterpurificationsiltinpowerstatheintroductionofthenew“VLAREA”legislation,moreandmoreattentionwasdevotedtoriculture,butitsoonbecameclearthatitwasnecessarytoterminatethisprocess.AnticipatingTheprocessingofsilthadnotyetbeenoptimalisedintheearlyyears,withaviewtosalestoagappliedWherevernecessaryandpossible,newtechnologywasproposedhere,whichhadnotyetbeeninFlandersbefore.werecompleted,thenumberofsmall-scaleprojectsbecamerelativelymoreimportant.membranetechnologyandsmall-scalesystems.shownbelow.
industrialarationoftheplansofexecutionfor“organic-biologicalwaste”andthe“separatecollectionofwasteofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises”. 2)Thesectorforcleaningthesoil excretiongroupswerealsoestablishedtostudyparticularissuesinfurtherdetail(includingnormsonthewasresponsibleforthesecretariatofthedifferentworkinggroups.Insomecases,sub-workingversitiesandscientificinstitutesworkedonthisonavoluntarybasis,whiletheFertiliserBankThefirstthreeworkinggroupswereestablishedinthecourseof1996.Thirtyscientistsatunifollowingfertiliserproblemdecidedtoestablishfourscientificworkinggroupsin1996toevaluatetheWithaviewtotheevaluationoftheFertilizerDecreein1998,thePilotGroupfortheFlemish2º1999(740,000):1998(740,000):1997(740,000EUR)-PossibilitiesofreducingtheNandNH3emissionsofpigsbymodify-1996(740,0001995:Phosphate1994:The1ºVLM1998.Bioremediation,bio-extractionandecotoxicologicalresearchwerethenewissuesfor1997andrisksalsodevotedtotheproblemsoffundingandnewertechniqueswhichcouldleadtolimitingtheInviewoftheenormousfinancialimpactoftheproblemsofcleaning,agreatdealofenergywastheandtheevaluationoftheintroductoryanddescriptiveresearch(soilcleaning),executedunderthescopeoftheproblem.Subsequently,agreatdealofattentionwasfocusedontheproceduresventorywasalsodrawnupofpollutedsitesineveryprovince,togainanadequateinsightintothebeginningof1996,wereimportantmilestones.Duringthisperiod,thefirstthoroughinTheSoilCleaningDecreeattheendof1994andtheVLAREBOdecisiononitsexecutionatentireandonnewtechnologyforcleaningthesoil.Inaddition,theapproachandorganisationofthecusedinparticularonthelargecleaning-upoperations,suchastheHoogeMaey–Antwerp,In1994-95,thenumberofresearchprojectsrelatedtocleaningthesoilwasstilllimited,andfocleaningproblemforthefuturewasexamined.newlegislation.involvedincleaningoperationsinaneasierway.Riskanalysiswasalsofurtherimproved.ContentofthesubsidisedscientificresearchbytheFertiliserBank(MINA2.3)useofeconomicinstrumentsinthefertiliserpolicyPhosphatesaturationofthesoilsaturationofthesoilEUR):Phosphatesaturationofthesoil.ingthecompositionofthefeed.•Phosphatesaturationofthesoil•UpdatingtheBiologicalEvaluationMapEconomicfeasibilityoffertiliserprocessinginFlandersEmissionpreventionintheagriculturalsector,bynutrientbalances•InventoryoftheflowofnutrientsinFlanders•Studyoftheliteratureinconnectionwithmineralnitrogeninthesoil,followingtheharvestandnitratesingroundwater•RecognitionoflaboratoriesinthecontextoftheFertiliserDecreeContentofnon-subsidisedscientificresearchbytheVLMFertiliserBank(1996-1998)subjects:•normsonexcretion•thefertilisationnorms,inparticular,thefinalfertilisationnorms•theenvironmentaleffect•thesocio-economicconsequencesofpigs,andtheconsequencesofMAPonsurfacewaterquality). chapterIV.2–166
measurementmethodsandtechniquestocontrolairpollution,developmodelsforthedistribuAnotheraspectoftheenvironmentalresearchbytheVMMistoprepareorimproveparticular2002.year,theMIRAScenarioReportfor2000isbeingelaboratedtosupportthenextMBPin(MBP)forFlanders.ThefirstEnvironmentandNatureReportappearedin1994,andthissupportofpolicy,whichcanthenbebuilton,todrawuptheEnvironmentalPolicyPlanwayinwhichtheyareconceived,theMIRAscenarioreportsformthebasisofinformationinmainsunchanged,andforanumberofscenarioswhichareconsideredrealistic.Becauseoftheevolutioninthepast,prognosesarealsomadeforthefuture,bothinthecasethatthepolicyre-forces/pressure/state/impact/response).Inadditiontothedescriptionofthesituationandthepactchain,laterextendedtothecompleteDPSIRchain(Drivingvelopmentandimpact.Thisisworkedoutinaccordancewiththefamiliarpressure-state-im-andnegativeeffectsonnatureinFlandersatregularintervals–togetherwiththeircauses,de-hand,theVMMfocusesondrawingupabroadsummaryofalltheenvironmentalinterferenceTheactualcontentoftheenvironmentalresearchbytheVMMconcernsthreefields:ontheoneVMMProgrammeInaddition,theVLMFertiliserBankiscarryingouttworesearchtasksinthecontextoftheentificInthecontextoftheexecutionofthe1996-2000EnvironmentalPolicyPlan,thefollowingsci3ºendmid-1997andpresentedtotheMinister.TheenvironmentalevaluationwasconcludedattheTheactivitiesoftheworkinggroupsonfertilisernormsandexcretionnormswerefinalisedinthecultural-EconomicInstitute.Thiswillleadtodrawingupamacro-economicmodeltoexploreevaluationitself.Theactivitiesstartedon1June1997,andwereentrustedtotheDutchAgriTheAgricultureandHorticultureAdministrationinsistedoncarryingoutthesocio-economicthenotonlymakesitpossibletoimplementthefertiliserpolicyforparticularareas,butalsoformsthebeginningof1997toupdatethebiologicalevaluationmapsforaperiodofoneyear.ThisFollowingtheecologicalevaluation,theInstituteofNatureConservationwascommissionedatbasisfordefiningtheVENinthecontextofthenewdecreeonnature.consequencesofpolicydecisionsforFlemishagricultureasawhole.of1997.Thesocio-economicevaluationwasfinishedinmid-1998.Commentsresearchwasalsostartedbythefertiliserbank(MINA2.19):•AstudyoftheliteraturewithregardtoammoniareductionforPolicy-OrientedResearch(PBO):•ContributiontothedevelopmentofpolicymeasuresforthereductionofammoniaemissionsbyagricultureinFlanders•Thesensitivitytofertilisationfornaturalareasinvalleystionanddumpingofpollutedsubstances,thedevelopmentofpredictivemodels(smog)etc.Forwater:modelsofwaterpollution,characterisationofgroundwater,ecotoxicologicalresearch,developmentofwaterqualityobjectivesandintegralwatermanagement.Inadditiontowaterandairpollution,“TotalQualityControl”andtherelationshipbetweenthe“EnvironmentandHealth”arealsoimportantfieldsofattention.Measurementnetworksanddatabanksformathirdaspect,andtheresearchintotheenvironmentalconditionofwaterandairiscarriedoutwiththemeasurementnetworksallocatedtotheVMMbythedecree.Insupportofcertainadaptationsandimprovementsofthemeasurements,theTWOLprojectsareusedasabasis.Everyyear,themeasurementresultsoftheairandwaterqualityareevaluatedandpublishedinabroadrangeofreports.Thenecessaryeffortsarealsomadetoimprovethemanagementoftheenvironmentalinformation,andtoprovideinformationforthemeasurementdatabank.AmoredetailedsummaryoftheVMMactivitiesonenvironmentalresearch(MIRAandTWOL)from1994to1999isgivenbelow. chapterIV.2–167
TWOL:berpactdescriptionoftheenvironmentalinterferencechainbasedonindicators,andwithanum-TheconclusionofthesecondEnvironmentandNatureReportforFlanders,withamorecom-MIRAofscenariosinsupportoftheenvironmentalpolicy.studiescarriedout•Developmentofthepredictivemodelforairpollution,“Smogstop”•Analyticalqualitycontrolontaxationperimeters•Studyofsewageoverflow,stage1•NH3emissionsandtheuseofartificialfertilisers,Part2•Waterqualitymodelling:Denderpilotstudy•Studyofrelationshipbetweenhealthandenvironment•Policysupportfortheevaluationofairquality(MESO)•InterpretationofairqualityintheconglomerationofAntwerp(EMIAD)•Interactionbetweenpollutantsandfloatingsubstancesintheaquaticenvironment•Developmentofthemethodfortheevaluationofthepolicyonwaterquality•Quantificationofnutrientlossesinagriculture(SENTWA)•DenitrificationoffreshwatertidalareasintheScheldtestuary
1997 TWOL:Flanders.PreparationofthefirstThemeReporttofollowupandevaluatetheenvironmentalqualityinMIRAstudiescarriedout•Smogstop:updatingmodel•Inter-laboratorytextontaxationparameters•Study“Sewageoverflow”,stage2•Waterqualitymodelling: chapterIV.2–168
1994 MIRA environmental“Learninordertoturn”:basicreportandreferencework,withaverybroaddescriptionoftheDrawingupandpublicationofthefirstEnvironmentalandNatureReportforFlanders,situationinFlanders. 1995
1996
TWOL:“GeneralThepreparationofthesecondEnvironmentandNaturereportinaccordancewiththeDecree,MIRAprovisionsoftheenvironmentpolicy”of5April1995.studiesthatwerecarriedout•Developmentofmethodswithregardtochemometrics•Measurementmethodsforammonia•Sewageoverflow,stage1•NH3emissionsbycattlefarming,Part1•ReviewanddifferentiationofqualityobjectivesforFlemishsurfacewaters•ResearchintometalsinthesedimentoftheScheldt•Micro-pollutioninthewaterbedinthevicinityofships’wharves•Strategicinterpretationofemissiondataofsurfacewater•Measurementofcoarsetoxicsubstances•Correlationbetweenblackfiltersandconcentrationofsoot
Dender pilot study (follow up) Study of the life in the Scheldt • Research into water quality of the sea Scheldt • Research into the characterisation of water beds. • Study of the scientific support for the link between rainwater and hardened surfaces • Quantification of nutrient losses in agriculture (SENTWA), stage 2. • Study of ecotoxicity in waste water • Optimalisation of XRF measurements of heavy metals in air • Development of meso scale model air • Ecotoxicological research into effluents • Re-evaluation of canal systems • MAP evaluation • Study of black aerosol • Mercury measurement network 1998 TWOL:dicatorssocialactivitiestotheirimpactonman,natureandtheeconomy.ThiswasdonewithspecificinDrawupandpublishfirst“ThemeReport”,showingthecompletechainofdisruptionfromtheMIRAfor22differentenvironmentalthemes.studiescarriedout:•Smogstop:updating1997•Studyofheavymetalsinvegetation•Matrixeffectsonwastewater•Sewageoverflow,stage3•Re-evaluationofcanalsystems•Emissionsofairpollutingsubstancesbygreenhouseheating•Collectiverecordingofindustrialemissions•Waterqualitymodelling:–theconstructionofthreemodelsofriverbasinsfortheIJzer,NeteandDemerStudyoflifeintheDommel•Amodelofairpollution•Mercurymeasurementnetwork(followup)•Studyoftheriskofcarcinogenicpollutants•Studyofecotoxicity,floatingparticlesinsurfacewater 1999 TWOL:port/backgroundDrawupandpublishsecond“ThemeReport”,withmoredetailedworkonthetripleaspectreMIRAdocuments/proceduralbooks.studiescarriedout•Scientificsupportforenvironmentaltaxation•Smogstop:updating1998•Qualitycontrolfilters•Waterqualitymodelling:ConstructionofthreemodelsofriverbasinsfortheIJzer,NeteandDemer(followup)SupportforWRCwiththeimplementationofSimcatandPSItoolsatVMM•AuditTWOinFlanders•FisherystocksintheDemer•Studyofheavymetalsinvegetation•Measurementsofasbestosconcentrations•Modelsystemofdioxins•Ecotoxicologicalevaluationoffloatingparticlesinsurfacewater chapterIV.2–169
• Consequences of environmental pollution for public health • Evaluation of PARCOM • Protocol of research on effluents • Heavy metals: distribution of sizes of particles • Toxicity and measurement method of heavy metals • Evaluation of HCl and HF concentrations • Biomonitoring with diatoma • Determining the quality of the water with macrophytes • Legal basis for reduction measures • Chemical characterisations of aerosols • Screening benzene IV.2.bProgrammeconcentrationsforPolicy-Oriented Research For BAs 12.30 and 12.31 (Environment and Health) For the research in preparation of policy related to Environment and Health • 12.30)inthe1998budget:1.24millionEURwasbudgetedandallocatedinthebudget(BAtotheEnvironmentandHealthresearchproject; • PolicyTheEUR.oneprojectinthefieldofthepolicyonagriculture,accountingforatotalsumof690,000vironment.Inaddition,threeprojectswerefundedinthefieldofthepolicyonhealthcare,andlionEURisforsixprojectsrelatedtoenvironmentalresearchinthepolicyareaofthelivingenOfthe1998budget,10.16millionEUR(BA12.29)wasallocatedtoPBO,ofwhich1.19mil1998PolicyPolicyTheEUR.Inaddition,6projectsarefundedinthepolicyareaforagriculture,forasumof1.55millionEURgoesto7projectsonenvironmentalresearchinthepolicyareaofthelivingenvironment.Inthe1997budget,9.92million(BA12.29)wasallocatedforPBO,forwhich1.30million199712.29ingronmentandHealthpolicy,143,000wasactuallyallocated(BA12.30),asadditionalfund-inthe1999budget:ofthe1.24millionbudgetedforresearchinpreparationfortheEnvifortheEnvironmentandHealthresearchproject(seesupra).(PBO)PBOAltogether,2.85millionwasallocatedtoenvironmentallyrelatedprojects.prioritythemesforeachpolicyareawere:area:Agriculture•Feasibilitystudyonthereductionofodoursandammoniaemissionsinstables•StructuraladaptationsforFlemishpigbreeders•Reductionofconventionalpesticidesandweedkillers•Influenceofenvironmentalmeasuresontheproductionofgrasslandsandgreenfeedsarea:Environment:•Dehydration•Pollutionbyphotochemicalsubstances•Acidification•Changeintheclimatebecauseofthegreenhouseeffect•Lossofbiodiversity•FertilizersPBOAltogether1.88millionwasallocatedtoenvironmentallyrelatedprojects.prioritythemesforeachpolicyareawere:area:Healthpolicy chapterIV.2–170
• health,Decidingonthedeterminantsonthequalityoflifeforprocesseswhichareadangertoincludingage-relatedprocesses • Possibilities of environmental monitoring focused on effects • hasInthe1999budget,9.92million(12.29)wasallocatedforPBO.However,theselectionstillPolicyPolicypublicTheinventorisationandassessmentoftheconsequencesofindoorpollutioninFlandersonhealtharea:Agriculture•StructuraladaptationsofFlemishhorticultureunderglassinthecontextoftheenvironmentandcompetition.area:Environment•ThedevelopmentofageneralFlemishvisionwithregardtothecleaning-uppolicyofthefuture(inrelationtopreventionandpolicyintegration),anddrawingupanumberofscenarios/policyideasforinnovation/reconsiderationafter2001.•Researchrelatedtotheimplementationoftheenvironmentalpolicyforspecificareas•Depositsofcarboninreservoirsandmaterials•ResearchintotheexecutionofagreementsconcludedinthecontextoftheNorthSeaConferences•DevelopmentofanoperationalrainfallmodelforFlanders•Researchintotheenvironmentalpotentialoffinancialinstrumentsviz.,therelationshipbetweentheexpansionsubsidy/ecologycriterion.tomade,sowewillnotlookatthisindetailatthispoint. chapterIV.2–171
Chapter IV.3 Scientific institutes chapterIV.3 IV.3.a.Institute of Nature Conservation (IN) 1. Position and task of the Institute of Nature foreignco-operationisalsodevelopedwithuniversities,privateorganisationsandbothnationalandLINandWIMDepartments,AMINAL,AROHM,AWZ,IBW,VLM,VMM,etc.Structuralandsupport,forthebenefitofandinclosecollaborationwithagenciessuchastheCabinets,theAtmanylevelsoftheFlemishCommunity,thisresultedinaspecificnicheofscientificexpertiserangevarietyofcommittees,commissions,workinggroupsandpolicyorgansresultedinasubstantialcameincreasinglywellknowninFlandersandabroad.Abovethat,itsactiveparticipationinaandasaresultofitsnumerouspublications,theInstituteacquiredagrowingreputationandbe-participatinginbothscientificandpopularconferencesandmeetingsinBelgiumandabroad,ThedynamicgrowthoftheINattractedscientistsfromabroadsprectrumofdisciplines.Bytions.andtheirtranslationintorelevantframesofreferenceandmanagementorpolicyrecommenda-spiredresearchshouldleadtonewinsightsconcerningnatureconservationinitsbroadestsensefunctionofthisscientificinstitutetoprovidesupportforpolicy.Themainlyecologicallyin-theFlemishExecutiveof17.07.85andtheactualstarton1.03.86,wasstronglyputontheWhentheInstituteofNatureConservation(IN)wasestablished,emphasisintheDecisionofConservationoftasks.institutions,e.g.throughparticipationinseveralresearchprogrammes. chapterIV.3–173
3.whoseFortherealisationofthesespecialtasks,temporarycontractualemployeesareappointed,cialforthirdparties,usuallycommissionedbyvariousgovernments,suchasmunicipalandprovin-bytheEU,DWTC,FWO,IWT(formerlyIWONL),etc..Inaddition,studiesarecarriedoutEVINisalmostexclusivelyfundedbyinternationalorfederalresearchprogrammes,financed1991.(EVIN),alegalpersonalityestablishedinadecreeonDecember1990,thatisoperationalsinceTheexternalfundsaremanagedbythePatrimoniumoftheInstituteofNatureConservationEUR)2.Theevolutionoftheallocationsandexternalfundsovertheperiod1992-1997(inmillionsofAllocationsIncomefromExternalFunding19920.750.1219930.750.3119941.200.2819951.190.4319961.480.4019971.771.4419981.881.1619992.400.82governments,butalsobyFlemishPublicInstitutionssuchastheVLMandVMM.salariesaccountforalmost90%oftheexpenditures.ResearchattheInstituteofNatureConservation 3.aResearchprogramme studyofexistingliterature.Becauseofitsscientificadvisoryrole,theInstitutepermanentlyandplanning,isfoundedontheInstitute’sownfundamentalandappliedresearchandadditionalareas,introductionofpolicyprioritiesonenvironmentalmanagementandtownandcountryecosystemprocesses.Adviceconcerningissueslikemanagementanddevelopmentofnaturallong-termresearchofspecies(floraandfaunaelements),biocoenoses,habitattypologyandScientificresearchattheInstitutecoversavarietyofdisciplinesandisprimarilyfocusedon chapterIV.3–174
FlemishHighCouncilofNatureConservationTheseactivitiesareincludedintheAnnualResearchprogramme,whichisevaluatedbythe(planologicaltightlyco-operateswithAMINAL(NatureDivisionandMINAPlan2),AROHMdepartment),AWZ,HydrologicalLaboratoryofBorgerhout,VLM,etc. . Fortheperiodreviewed,thefollowingmain lines of research can be identified. MAIN LINES OF researchintotheecologicalfunctionsofaquaticandterrestrialecosystems,istogainaninsightThegeneralobjectiveoftheactivitiesinthisunit,whichcarriedoutfundamentalandapplied3.Thefieldofactivitiescoveredbythisunitcanbebrieflysummarisedasthecoordinationandex2.lowingauto-ecologicalresearch,bio-indicationresearch,andthemonitoringofpopulations.Thefol-ofdistributionpatternsandapplicationsfornatureconservation,theprotectionofspeciesandspeciesandtaxonomicgroups.Theprojectscanbegroupedunderfourheadings,viz.,researchTheprojectscarriedoutbythisresearchunitcovervariousaspectsoftheecologyofindividual1.profile.fieldsofresearchandprojectsinto6units,sothateachunithasaclearlydefinedobjectiveandpolicyinstruments,andisclearlystructuredinapragmaticway,theInstitutesubdividestheInordertodescribethelargerangeofresearchwhichismainlyfocussedonthedevelopmentofture,nentcontributionofecologicalresearch.ThismustbesupportedbyinsightsfromtheliteraTheincreasinglyfunctionalapproachtonatureandenvironmentalpolicyrequiresthepermaRESEARCHorfromoriginalstudies,ofwhichtheresultscanbeappliedinabroadfieldofactivities.Populationandecologicaldistributionunitspecificprojectsarecarriedoutinthisrespect:•FlorabankFlanders•Thecompositionanduseofadatafileontheecologyofinvertebratesforconservationman-agementandthedevelopmentofnaturalareasinFlanders•AdetailedmappingofRedListpopulationsofbutterflies,aspeciesprotectionplanandanindicationofthevalueoftheAlconbluebutterfly.•Variousaspectsrelatedtodistribution,habitatbindingandthestatusoffishfaunainFlan-ders,includingfishmigration,biotoperecovery,etc.•ThedistributionofamphibiansandreptilesinFlanders•Acomparativestudyofreproductivecharacteristicsofisland-dwellingandcontinentallizards:indicationsfortheexpectedeffectsofhabitatfragmentation•TheatlasofbreedingbirdsinFlanders•ResearchofrarebreedingbirdsandtheRedListofbreedingbirdsinFlanders•Thedevelopmentofanevaluationframeworkfortheexpansionofwoodlandasascenariofornaturedevelopmentinvalleys•MonitoringofwinteringwaterbirdsandgeeseinFlanders;•SeabirdsasindicatorsofthecoastalecosystemoftheNorthSea•Monitoringbirdsininternationallyprotectedareas•Geographicaldistributionofspeciesdiversityofhigherplants,dragonflies,butterflies,amphibiansandreptilesinFlanders.EcotopeclassificationandbiologicalevaluationmapunitecutionofappliedandmorefundamentalresearchinthecontextofbiotopeandecotopetypologyandecologywithinthegeographicalcontextofFlanders,whichiscarriedoutinthefollowingprojects:•Biologicalevaluationmap•Ecotopeecologyforthemanagementanddevelopmentofnaturalareas;(ecotopeecologyofpermanentstagnantwaters;avisionforthemaintenanceandrestorationofgrasslandswithnaturalvalue)Ecohydrologyandwatersystemsunit chapterIV.3–175
are:policyfornatureinFlanders,focussedonspecificareas.TheprojectscarriedoutinthiscontextTheobjectivesinthisunitarefocussed,aboveall,onthepracticalsupportofamoreefficient5.particularareas(landscapeecology),arethecentralpointsofattentioninthisunit.Projectsre(managementandorganisation),andtherelationshipbetweennatureandtheorganisationofThedirectinterventioninnaturebymanbecauseoftheobjectivesoftheconservationofnature4.pressedintotherelationshipandinteractionbetweenwater(courses)andthebioticsystem.Thisisexinthefollowingprojects:•Hydrologicalmonitoringinnaturalareas•Ecohydrologyofsource-dependentecosystemsinvalleyareas•EcohydrologicalresearchintheDemervalleybetweenDiestandWerchter•TherestorationoftheDijlevalley,ecohydrologicalresearch•BiomonitoringoftheScheldtestuary•ResearchintosystemsandprocessesoftheScheldtestuaryLandscapeecologyandmanagementofnatureunitlatedtotheeffectofmanagementmeasuresandtheeffectsoftownandcountryplanningontheexistenceandprocessesofnaturearecombinedwithfundamentalandappliedscientificresearch,inparticular,focussedonmonitoringthemanagementandorganisationofnaturalareas.Thisisimplementedwiththefollowingprojects:•Thedevelopmentofamethodforanintegratedmonitoringofbiodiversity,inlocalareas,intheterrestrialnatureintheFlemishRegion•Monitoringthemanagementofnaturalareasinnaturereserves•Improvingthesystemofeco-districtsinFlanders•Thedistribution,ecologyandsuccessionofvegetationintheheathsinthelowlandsofBel-gium,withinaEuropeancontext•Vulnerableplantpopulationsinagriculturalareas:thedistribution,spreadandgeneticdi-versityasthebasisforfunctionalhabitatnetworks•Classificationoftypesofnatureforthebiotopes,mudflats,saltmarshes,dunes,marshes,heathsandgrasslandswiththedevelopmentoftheVLAVEGvegetationdatabank•Researchintointroducedandwildherbivoresandtheirimpactoncoastaldunesandothernaturalareas•ThedynamicsofthevegetationoftheFlemishcoastaldunes•Researchintoclassifications,analysisoftownandcountryplanning,predictiveresearchandindicatorsforthepolicyandevaluationoftheborderMeuse•ResearchintotherecoveryofnatureanddevelopmentpossibilitiesintheScheldtestuaryNaturedevelopmentandpolicyunit•ScientificsupportforthedesiredstructureofnaturalareasandwoodlandinFlandersandofprioritiesfor38,000hectaresofadditionalnaturalareasinthecontextofthebindingprovisionsoftheStructuralPlanforTownandCountryPlanninginFlanders•Thescientificandlogisticsupportforthedevelopmentof125,000hectaresoftheFlemishEcologicalNetworkand150,000hectaresofnaturalintegrationareas•Afollow-upoftheEuropeandirectivesandinternationalagreementswithregardtomaintainingbirdpopulationsandmaintainingnaturalhabitatsoffloraandfauna.•ThedevelopmentandstructuralsupportoftheprovincialpolicyonnatureinWestFlanders•OutliningandprovidingscientificsupportforareasofnaturalinterestfortheelaborationoffunctionalplansfortheFlemishwaterwaysmanagedbytheAWZ•Researchintoecology,ecologicalrecoveryandtotalwatermanagementoftheBlankaartandtheIJzervalley•Generaladviceinsupportofpolicyandspecificadviceandresearchonparticularareaswithregardtothedevelopmentandrecoveryofnaturalareas•DrawingupadatabaseofthenaturedevelopmentprojectsinFlanders•Researchintoopportunitiesandimportantmonitoringvariablesfornaturaldevelopment,inlandwhichwasusedforagricultureinthepast•Bufferzonesalongunnavigablewatercourses chapterIV.3–176
6. Nature Report evaluatedchangebiodiversityintime,sothatthestateofnaturalareasinFlanderscanbedescribedandThetaskofthisunitconsistsmainlyoffollowinguptheexternalfactorswhichdetermineandunitinthisway.Thisisachievedwiththefollowingprojects:•Atwo-yearlyreportonnature,withanevaluationoftheconditionofnaturalareasinFlanders,andthenaturepolicythatwasimplemented(taskofthedecree)•DrawingupmapsofthevulnerabilityoftheecosystemfortheFlemishRegion•Theapplicationandmethodologyofstrategicenvironmentaleffectreportsforfaunaandflora•Habitatfragmentationasaresultofthetransportinfrastructure 3.bAdditionalstudies Incoordinationwith,andcomplementarytothisworkingprogramme,variousprojectsinsupportofpolicyandadditionalspecifictasksarebeingcarriedoutinthecontextofresearchprogrammesoftheEU,FWO,PBO,(former)IWONL,TWOL,VLINA,etc.Contractualemployeesarerecruitedforthispurposeforalimitedperiod.Inadditiontotheseexceptionalortemporarystaffingrequirements,employeeswithascientificjobabroadarereplaced.4.Scientificreputation 4.1Scientificpublicationsandreports sultsasameansofcommunicationwithcooperatingagenciesandwithendusersoftheresearchretuteofNatureConservation”.Thewebsiteinparticulargivesessentialinformation,andworksConservation.Since1994,theINpublishesitsownseries:“CommunicationsfromtheInsti-workingprogramme,alsoontherecommendationoftheFlemishHighCouncilofNaturecommissionedthestudy,oriscontainedintheagreementonthecontinuationthroughthealthoughtheirevaluationisusuallylimitedtothepilotgroupsconcerned,orthepartywhichlanguagealsocontainnumerousoriginaldataandoftenvaluableinterpretationsofthesedata,asareflectionofalesserqualityoftheresearch.ThereportsandpublicationswritteninourownHowever,thisdeliberatechoicewithregardtothetasksthatareundertakenshouldnotbeseenanBecausetheIN’stasktosupportpolicyhaspriority,thepurelyscientificoutputinjournalswithinternationalcirculationorcitationisstrikinglylow.andrecommendations(seebelow).•Summarytable:Numberofpublications1986-1998’86’87’88’89’90’91’92’93’94’95’96’97’98 TOT 1A710557114294752 78 1B445384-423743 51 2781491412106754527 128 31--1-1-553531 25 436115211481612121091114 179 (+6)5 1364101413191331452331 213 81081121189191528312315 190 931-123143352TOT69355646666153716687113769389228 1A.Publications in Science Citation Index journals 1B.Publications not in Science Citation Index journals, published abroad 2.Publications not in Science Citation Index journals, published in Belgium 5.Reports4.Chaptersofbooksorcontributionstointernational(orforeign)proceedings,(irrespective3.Booksofwhethertheyconstituteafullpaperorsummary,andalsoindependentofthelengthofthissummary).Abstractsarenotincluded. chapterIV.3–177
8.Publications for a broader public 9.Proceedings of Belgian conferences 4.2Participationinconferences,symposiaandstudydays 2*:Policy-oriented(scientific)conferences,symposia,colloquiums,studydays,meetingsand1*:ScientificTable:daysnature.Since1996,theInstitutehashadsuitableaccommodationtoorganiseitsownstudyscientificandpopularmeetingsrelatedtoresearchandpolicyconcerningtheconservationofOneimportantaspectoftheInstituteconcernstheactiveparticipationofemployeesinvarious(lecturehall).Participationinconferencesandvariousscientificandpopularmeetings19861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999TOTAL1*16171820153026453831272422183472*828292930293136474131333622430Tot2445474945595781857258575840777conferencesandmeetingsactivitiesrelatedtothedisseminationofscientificknowledge. 4.3TheInternet Currently,biodiversity),mentalprogrammes(oftenbasedonbroadthemes,suchassustainabledevelopmentandInviewoftherelativelylimitedamountofresearchonnatureconservationintheEUenvirontions,tions(Ramsar,Biodiversity,Bonn,Berne),aswellasEUdirectives(nationalreports,delegaTheINalsofrequentlysupportsthetechnicalandscientificfollow-uptointernationalconvenBiodiversity”searchNetwork”.Inaddition,ittakespartinthe“EuropeanWorkingGrouponResearchandForexample,theINisactivelypartoftheCONNECT“EuropeanConservationInstitutesRementsTheInstituteispartofanumberofinternationalnetworksconcernedwithresearchrequire5.downloaded.(suchasthefloradatabase).Alsothecontentsoftherichreferencelibrarycanbeconsultedandsultsarepresented,ifpossible,withreferencetofairlyaccessibledatabasestobedownloadedandmapping,atlasofbreedingbirds…).Forsomesubjectsandprojects,theobjectivesandre-entificinformation(e.g.,reportonthe“ConditionofnatureinFlanders”,biologicalinventoryTheinstitutehasanattractivewebsite(www.instnat.be)withasummaryofitstasks,staff,sci-Participationininternationalresearchprogrammesandpotential,aswellastheactualresearchitself.(EWGRB),aninitiativecommissionedbyDGXII.meetingsofexperts).itisachallengetoparticipateinthisasnetworkpartner.thefollowinginternationalcooperationistakingplace:•CONNECTnetworkofEuropeanConservationResearchInstitutes•Workinggroupsofexpertsonthecross-bordermonitoringoftheborderMeuse•Europeanbeachedbirdssurveysteam•Europeanbirdcensuscouncil•Europeanheathlandworkinggroup•EuropeanMaculineanetwork•Europeannetworkonfieldmargins,nationalrepresentative•Europeanseabirdsatseacoordinationgroup chapterIV.3–178
• EWGRB, European working group on research and biodiversity, Stockholm and DG XII • Goose specialist group, Wetlands International • International waterfowl census, Wetlands International • Mapping European butterflies • Non-estuarine waterfowl survey, British trust for ornithology • Project group international ecotope map Meuse. • COST 341 action: Habitat fragmentation due to transportation infrastructure (DG VII). • assessmentNATO/CCMSPilotStudy:methodology,evaluationandscopeofenvironmentalimpact • XI)EACENTRESEurope:Europeannetworkofcentresforenvironmentaleffectreports(DG 6. Cooperation with universities or research institutes (at home and theItsgreateraccessibilityhasalsoresultedinbetterintegrationwiththeadministrativebodiesofinstituteBrussels,whichmadeitpossibletoincludealibrary,laboratoriesandalecturehall,sothattheployedinratherunsuitableaccommodationinHasselt.InDecember1995,theINmovedtoInitially,in1986,fiveresearchersandalimitedadministrativestaffwererecruitedandemuteofthescientificinstitutes(onlyappointedin1997),thisstructurewasnotcompleted.ture”.However,theappointmentofheadsofdepartmentwasdelayedbecauseofthenewstataddition,twodepartmentswereestablished:“landscapeecology”and“managementofnaAreviewoftheDecisionoftheFlemishExecutiveof13.03.91increasedthisnumberto32.InInthedecisionontheestablishmentoftheINin1985,itwasassignedastaffof24employees.8.functionalsidetheFlemishCommunity.Inthisway,scientificresearchistranslatedintoanumberofsorycommitteesfornaturereserves,workinggroups,andotherdiscussionorgans,inandoutFinally,manyoftheresearchersinvolvedaremembersofvariousCouncils,pilotgroups,adviawardedtotheIN:“methodologyofmonitoring“and“grasslandtypologyandmanagement”.InthecontextoftheProgrammeforPolicy-OrientedResearch(PBO),2projectshavebeentionoperationbetweentheIN,theIBWandvariousuniversities.Thereisalsointensivecooperafund,andcoordinatedbyAMINAL-theNatureDivision.Thisprogrammeaimstoachieveco(FlemishImpulseProgrammeforNatureDevelopment-VLINA)withfundsfromtheMINAAnimportantseriesofresearchprojectsiscarriedoutwiththespecificfundingoftheVLINAFlanders”Inaddition,theInstituteisresponsibleforthetwo-yearlyreportonthe“StateofNatureinture.forallocatingspecificsubjectsorevaluatingparticularareasrelatedtotheconservationofna-UndertheheadingofMIRA(EnvironmentandNatureReportFlanders),theInstituteisused7.fundedTheexpensesoftheseprojectscommissionedbytheINtobecarriedoutbyexternalinstitutesisportTWOL,VLINAandMIRA.Recently,theWIMdepartmenthasalsofundedprojectsinsupSciences),theIBW,theNationalBotanicalGarden,etc.,forexample,inthecontextofthewithuniversitiesandscientificinstitutes,suchastheKBIN(RoyalBelgianInstituteofNaturalEveryyear,theInstituteofNatureConservationstartsanumberofprojectsincooperationabroad)ofpolicy(PBO).byitsownbudgetBA12.45,Programme61.2.Otheractivities(seeArticle10,DecreeontheConservationofNature).withAMINALfortheexecutionofvariousactionplansoftheMINA2Plan.recommendations.Organisationandstaffdevelopments1986-1999coulddevelopitsfullpotential(atpresentabout100employees).Flemishandfederalgovernmentswithwhichtheinstitutecooperates. chapterIV.3–179
theThegraphshownbelowindicatestheevolutioninstaffinglevelsandtheavailablefundssinceTableotherancyhasdeveloped,ontheonehand,betweentherapidlyincreasingstaffinglevels,andonthe(e.g.,fromtheAWZ)andcontractsbasedonownfunding(EVIN,since1991),acleardiscrepdiumterm,withtheallocationofspecificbudgetfunds(BA11.04),thereallocationofcreditBecauseofthetargetedrecruitmentofspecialistresearchersforvarioustasksintheshortormehand,thestableoperatingfundsandinvestmentexpenditure.Staffinglevels1986-1999endof’86endof’87endof’88endof’89endof’90endof’91endof’92endof’93endof’94endof’95endof’96endof’97endof’98endof’99Scientific777915142326263029473736Administrative124446454531686Technical1223356881251215Maintenancestaff11111111011000Total911141623243338384445685857establishmentoftheIN(positionon31.12oftheyear). chapterIV.3–180
IV.3.b.Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW) 1.The position and task of the Institute for Forestry and Game Management transferrednizesthenecessaryexperiments,andensuresthattheknowledgewhichisacquiredispose,itcollectsanyusefuldocumentation,carriesoutthenecessarystudiesandresearch,orgaworkinconnectionwithforestry,themanagementofgame,andfreshwaterfish.ForthispurTheInstituteisresponsibleforcarryingoutalltheappropriatescientificstudies,researchandtothecompetentauthority. 2.Evolutionofthebudgetandtheexternalfundsfortheperiodfor1994-2000(inmillionsofEUR) Budget 1.1.Operating credits (BA 12.02 of Programme 1.6.Specific1.5.Investment1.4.Salaries1.3.Supporting1.2.Salaries19941995199619971998199961.3)0.160.150.170.260.380.36andgrantsforcontractualstaff(BA11.05ofProgramme61.3)1994199519961997199819990.260.260.420.580.660.81studiescarriedoutbythirdparties(BA12.46ofProgramme61.3)1994199519961997199819990.470.480.490.490.500.57offorestworkersandvariousexpenditure(BA12.65ofProgramme61.3)1994199519961997199819990.340.340.380.370.380.38expenditure(BA73.63ofProgramme61.3)1994199519961997199819990.190.180.170.150.190.16equipment(BA74.03ofProgramme61.3)1994199519961997199819990.140.140.140.180.180.16 External funds agement.ThesefundsaremanagedwiththePatrimoniumoftheInstituteforForestryandGameManTheyconsistmainlyof:•incomefromstudiescommissionedbythirdparties;•incomefromthesaleofproductsuchasplants,seeds,fish;•thebreedersrights(patents)toplantmaterial(poplar)developedattheInstitute. chapterIV.3–181
The evolution of this is shown in the table textphytopathologyforselectionandbreedingpurposes,analysisofsoilwatersamplesintheconOntheotherhand,theyarealsousedtosupportthecurrentresearchactivities(includingsionedjectsinthecontextoftheFlemishImpulseProgrammeforNatureDevelopmentorcommisThesefundsareusedfortheexecutionofresearchforthirdparties(includingEUprojects,proEvolutionoftheincomeofthePatrimoniumfortheperiod1992-1997(inmillionsofEUR).below.1994199519961997199819990.530.410.360.490.830.73bytheFisheriesCommissions).oftheforestsoilmonitoringnetwork). 3.The research programme Thisvironment(TWOL)andtheFlemishImpulseProgrammeforNatureDevelopment(VLINA).tosupportingresearchprojectsintheProgrammeforAppliedScientificResearchintotheEnSinceitsestablishmentin1991,anumberoflinesofresearchhavebeendeveloped,inadditiontieswiththefundsoftheGovernmentofFlanders,inordertoachieveamaximumoutput.Instituteco-ordinatestheresearchonforestryandgamemanagementcarriedoutbythirdparhand,totheprioritiesoftheFlemishandinternational(environmental)policy.Inaddition,theandfurtherdevelopmentofexpertiseoftheformerfederalresearchStations,andontheotherInworkingoutthelinesofresearch,attentionwasdevotedontheonehand,tothemaintenanceandtogamemanagement,ecologicalengineeringonwatercoursesinrelationtofishpopulationsment,gamemanagementinrelationtonatureconservation,landscapedevelopmentinrelationpopulationdynamics,diseasesofgameandfish,freshwaterfishcultivation,fishstockmanage-ResearchfortheGameManagementDepartmentcomprises:gamemanagementandhunting,andtreespecies,geneticresearch,woodtechnology,woodqualityandwoodproduction,air,waterservation,forestextensionandforestprotection,siteresearch,breedingandselectionofforestFortheForestryDepartmenttheycomprise:forestdevelopmentandforestecology,forestcon-13coveredwerelayedoutintheDecisionoftheGovernmentofFlandersonitsestablishmentofvices.Therearetwodepartments:ForestryandGameManagement.Theresearchsubjectstobethelongtermstudies,insupportofpolicy.Inaddition,theInstitutealsoprovidesscientificserTheresearchattheInstitutecoversaverywiderangeoffields,andisfocusedinparticularonMarch1991.soilpollutioninrelationtoforests,naturedevelopmentinforests.naturedevelopment.isdescribedinfurtherdetailbelow. 3.1 Forestry 3.1.1.Forestdevelopment,forestecology,naturedevelopmentinforestsDivision greaterThesubjectofresearchintoforestreserveshaspriorityinthisrespect,andisbeingelaboratedinopmentThegeneralobjectivesoftheresearchonforestdevelopment,forestecologyandnaturedevelinforestsareasfollows:•researchintothetransformationofforestsinrelationtoaclosetonatureforestry,•researchintoforesttypology,•developmentofresearchintoforestreserves,•forestecosystemresearch.detail.Afterall,itmustbeasubstantialcontributiontotheacquisitionof:•aninsightintotheself-regulatingprocessesinspontaneouslyevolvingforestecosystems, chapterIV.3–182
• new and useful knowledge for a more close to nature approach of forestry, • provide knowledge with regard the protection of nature and aimstoimplementthetasksof“naturedevelopmentinforests”onthebasisofscientificcriteria.Thedirectadvicegivenbynumerouspilotgroups,workinggroups,anddiscussionplatforms,andCriteriaarealsoelaboratedforthelicensingpolicyonforestgrazing,onbehalfoftheForestsandtheforestreservearescientificallyscreened.Furthermore,theInstitutemonitorsthecontentInaddition,theunithasaveryextensiveadvisorytaskinthefieldofpolicy:newproposalsforFund).Region”,andtheproject,“Forestsoilclassificationonthebasisofsoilfauna”(TWOL-MINAachieveacoordinationwiththeongoingprojects,suchasthe“ForestInventoryoftheFlemishcollaborationwiththeForestsandGreenAreasDivision(AMINAL),andattemptsaremadetoarebeingdevelopedatthreelevelstoevaluateandfollowbiodiversityinforests.Thereiscloseelaborationofapracticalmethodologyfortheevaluationofbiodiversityinforests”.MethodsJune1997sawthestartoftheVLINAproject,“SelectionandevaluationofindicatorsandtheFund).tionofinvertebratesasecologicalindicatorsinFlemishstrictforestreserves”(TWOL-MINAAnewandsimilarprojectfor4newlocationsstartedinApril2000(“Inventoryanddeterminaofventoryofanthropodslivingindeadwoodin4locations(“Determinationandbio-indicationresearchinstitutes.Thefirstconcreteprojectisalreadyrunning:theKBINiscarryingoutaninFortheexecution,aframeworkwasworkedoutforinterdisciplinaryco-operationwithotherspontaneousdynamicsinforestecosystems.Thismonitoringisstartinginthecourseof2000.ofresearch,inparticular,thenecessarybasicobservationsforamonitoringprogrammeofupfortheselectionofforestreserves.Inaddition,amethodologywasintroducedforthiskindInthefirstinstance,objective,uniformcriteriathatcanbeinterpretedinpractice,weredrawnspecies.forest-dwellinginvertebrates”(TWOL-MINAFund).qualityoftheproposalsforthemanagementplanofforestreserves.GreenAreasDivision. 3.1.2.Unitforforestprotection airpollution.ThereiscooperationwiththecontextoftheECRegulation3528/86ontheprotectionofforestsintheCommunityagainstSince1987,anannualinventoryhasbeendrawnupoftheforestsintheFlemishRegioninthe1.arefectsofairpollutionontheforestecosystemintheFlemishRegion.ThefollowingbasicissuesInthecontextofforestprotection,theemphasisisonthehealthstatusoftheforestsandtheefessentialinthisrespect:•aninventoryofthehealthstatusoftheforestsintheFlemishRegion;•intensivemonitoringoftheforestecosystemtoidentifyfactorsandprocesseswhichinfluencethehealthoftheforests;•monitoringtheairqualityandresearchintodepositionofpollutantsinaconiferousecosystem;•determiningthesensitivitytoacidificationandeutrophicationofFlemishforestsbymodelingthedepositionfluxes.Inventoryofthehealthstatusoftheforests andMonitoringoftheEffectsofAirPollutiononForestsInternationalCo-operativeProgrammeonAssessment ,inthecontextoftheUNConventionon Long-Range Transboundary Air theforestecosystem,researchisbeingcarriedoutintotheconditionoftheforestsoil.RegulaInthecontextofthisinternationalcooperationprogrammeintotheeffectsofairpollutiononPollution.tion926/93oftheEuropeanCommissionobligestheEUmemberstatestosetupthisinventoryoftheforestsoil.Inthiscontext,theInstitute(Patrimonium),togetherwiththeForestsandGreenAreasDivisionco-ordinatesandfinancesthe ForestSoilCo-ordinatingCentre (RUG),whichcollects,vali chapterIV.3–183
themeasurementtowerproject,theCOandtreevitality:“Physiologicalresearchintotreesasanindicationofozonedamage”.WithinInco-operationwiththeCODA,theUIAhasexaminedtheinfluenceofozoneontheforestparticipationThemeasuringtowercreatedtheopportunitytodevelopamultidisciplinaryprojectwiththeautomaticmeasurementstationwasdevelopedforthemeasurementofimmissionsofSOtion.Inordertodescribethepollutantenvironmentintheforestecosystemmoreaccurately,anquantitiesofpollutantsubstancesaredepositedintheforestasaresultofdryandwetdeposi-TheinterdisciplinaryresearchoftheforestsoilmonitoringnetworkrevealsthatsignificantBrasschaat3.Monitoringtheairqualityandpollutantdepositsinforests/automaticmeasurementstationfromsesofleavesandneedles,arepartlyfundedbytheForestsandGreenAreasDivision,andpartlyTheanalysesofopenfieldwater,throughfall,drainagewaterandgroundwater,aswellasanaly“Specific(RUG).“TheintegratedprocessingofthedatafromtheFlemishforestsoilmonitoringnetwork”bleforestsoil,aco-operativeventurewithvariousuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes,isresponsiprogrammeoftheEUandICPForestsoftheUnitedNations.Theadhocworkinggrouponshipwiththeforesthealthcondition.Theprojectispartoftheinternationalco-operationSpecialattentionisdevotedtotheinfluenceofairpollutionontheforestsoil,anditsrelationstudytheinfluenceofenvironmentalfactors,andinparticular,theinfluenceofairpollution.intheFlemishRegionsince1991,andwhichisco-ordinatedbytheInstitute.TheaimistoThispermanentmonitoringisalong-termproject,whichhasbeencarriedoutin11forestplots2.extremessuppliedviatheTWOLproject“Climatologicalrequirementsandriskassessmentofclimaticdatesandinterpretsthedataofapan-European16x16kmnetwork.SupportingresearchwasforthemainEuropeantreespecies”(RUG)(MINAFund).Intensivemonitoringoftheforestecosystemforitsexecution.ThefollowingTWOLprojectsarecarriedoutinthiscontext:aspectsoftheintensivemonitoringoftheforestecosystem”(RUG).theInstitutesPatrimonium.2,O3,NO,NO2andNH3oftheUIA,RUGandVITO.2balancewasexamined(UIAandRUG)“StudyofthecarbonbalanceandcarbonallocationintheFlemishforests”.4.DeterminingthesensitivityofFlemishforeststoacidificationandeutrophicationbymodellingthedepositionfluxesThesustainabilityoftheforestecosystemsisjeopardizedbyacidandnutrientdeposits.Inordertoevaluatethesensitivityoftheforeststotheeffectsofthese,aninstrumentofcriticalloadshasbeendeveloped.Thecriticalloadisthemaximumdeposit,abovewhichthereisalong-termriskofalterationsinthestructureandfunctioningoftheforestecosystem.Byaccuratelydeterminingthis,itispossibletodrawupanormwithregardtonature,andassesstheeffectsofacidificationandeutrophicationonforests.Thisresearchiscarriedoutinco-operationwiththeRUG,UIAandVITO,andisfundedbytheVLINA.Researchintoremediationofacidificationofthesoilwascarriedoutwithintheproject,“Thedevelopmentofadecision-makingmodelformaintainingthefertilityofthesoilandthevitalityofforestsofsandysoil”(RUG-MINAFund).5.Specificproblemsrelatedtotreevitalitywereexaminedinthefollowingresearchprojects:“ Sphaeropsissapinea: phytopathologicalaspectsandtheirrelationshipwithenvironmentalfac tors” (RUG)(MINA (MINA“ResearchintothemortalityofoaktreesintheFlemishRegion”(RUG,KULeuven,KMMA)Fund).Fund). chapterIV.3–184
3.1.3.Researchintositeandtheextensionofforests Theprovementnutrients,therelationshipbetweenbiotic-abioticfactorsonagivensite,therecoveryandimThebiophysicalandchemicalanalysisofsoilandplants,therelationshipbetweenplants-water-Duringstitute,data.Inaddition,theanalyticallaboratoryprovidessupportfortheresearchactivitiesintheInTheobjectiveistopredictthefuturegrowthanddevelopmentofforestsonthebasisofphysicaltheimportanceofwhichcannotbeunderestimated.thereportingperiod,theresearchconcentratedonthefollowingsubjects:ofthesoil,suitabilityoftreespecies,extensionoftheforestandforestinventory.moreimportantresearchlinesare:•ThesystematicinventoryandanalysisoftheforestsoilintheFlemishRegion,linkedtotheforestinventory(ForestsandGreenAreasDivision);•Analysisoffaunaintheforestsoil(macroinvertebrates)asanindicatorofthequalityofthesoilandstands,inco-operationwiththeKBIN,(TWOL,MINAFund);•Theorganizationandexecutionofanalyticallaboratoryresearchintosoil,humusandleafsamples;•Thepossibilitiesofforestextensiononresidualland,mainlydredgedland:researchintotheextent,levelofpollutionandimpactonthelandscape,commissionedbyAWZ(LINDepartment);•Theeffectofsoilpollutionwithheavymetalsontheforestecosystem(assimilationbythevegetation);•GIS-relatedresearch(includingtherelationshipbetweensoil-forest,historicalforestmaps);•Thedevelopmentofanecosystemvisionfortheforest(VLINA)andthesuitabilityofspe-ciesoftreesforparticularsitesfromtheecologicalpointofview;•Thedevelopmentofeco-techniquesforforestmanagement(appliedresearchwithregardtoplantations);•Productivityassessmentofcommercialisedandnewselectedpoplarclones;drawingupyieldtablesandgrowthmodelsofpoplars;•Studyofthewaterbalance(waterconsumption,waterstress)andthenutrientcycleoffor-ests(EU-FAIRandDTWC,VLINA).•Researchintothepossibilitiesoftheafforestationofagriculturallandwithpoplar,particularlyinthelightofmarketdevelopments,economiclaws,environmentaleffectsanditssuitabilityinparticularsites(EU-FAIR);•Researchintoknowledgeandtheperceptionoffarmersandthegeneralpublicwithregardtopoplaronagriculturalland(EU-FAIR);•Researchintoandevaluationoftheuseofmulchsheetsversusothertechniquestoinhibitcompetitivevegetationintreeplantationscarriedoutinurbanandnaturalenvironment(EULife). chapterIV.3–185
sources,lars(withtheattendantrisks).Inaddition,theincreasinginterestin“green”renewableenergyCurrently,thereisanimportantfocusofattentiononresearchintoalternativestocloningpopmechanismsofcertaincharacteristicsbypedigreebreedingandadvancedmoleculartechniques.spring.Particularattentionisdevotedtothetolerancetopathogens,andthestudyofhereditarybanks,selectionandbreedingbycontrolledcross-pollination,andintensiveselectionintheoffForpoplarandwillow,theemphasisisparticularlyonmaintainingandincreasingthegene1.rope,entedresults.TheclonesthatareproducedarenotonlyappliedinBelgiumandWesternEuResearchStationforthePoplarCultivation.Thisresearchisfocused,aboveall,onpractiseorifoundationswerelaidin1948bytheprivateInstituteforPoplarCultivation,latertheNationalTheemphasesareonmaintainingthehighstandardofbreedingworkofpoplar,forwhichthebutarealsocurrentlybeingtestedfarandwide.Theselectionandcultivationoffast-growingspeciesoftreessuchasbiomass,requiresadditionalattentionintheprogrammeofresearch.
3.1.4.Selection,breedingandgeneticresearch
estsforests:digitalforestrymappingoftheForappearedinHaspengouw(sourceofactualcentury,whileagreatdealofforesthasdisareaofforestsincetheendoftheeighteenthHasselt,therehasbeenagreatincreaseintheFigure1.IntheKempen,tothenorthof“Determinationdataonforestsoilprofiles,andtheresearchintotherelationshipbetweensoilandsoilfauna:Thesupportiveresearchbythirdpartiesconcernedthedrawingupofadatabankwithhistoricalandbioindicationofinvertebrates”(IBW,RUG,RUCA,KULeuven).andGreenAreasDivision).
chapterIV.3–186
2. The selection and breeding of species that are of economic Resistanceortolerancetodiseasesisoneofthemostimportantselectioncriteriainthebreed3.ductiveforestreproductivematerial”.Thisshouldmakeitpossiblefortheresearchresultstobeaspro-(KULeuven)throughtheTWOLproject(ForestsandGreenAreasDivision),“RecognitionofInaddition,adecreewaspreparedfortheexecutionofArt.43oftheForestDecreechardstheKULeuven.Thevalidationoftheseeffortsbyexpandingorestablishingclonalseedor-theafforestationofagriculturalland”(MINAFund),whichwasconcludedinJanuary2000bysearchwassupportedbytheTWOLproject,“Basicmaterialofforestreproductivematerialforabove-mentionedspecies.Altogether,311ofthesetreeshavealreadybeencatalogued.Thisre-Since1978,therehavebeenregularinventoriesofphenotypicallyhighqualitytreesoftheabroad.toalarge-scalestudyofprovenancesofWildcherry,inco-operationwith11researchinstitutesInthisrespect,ontheinitiativeoftheInstitute,thefirststepsweretakenin1999,withregardsearchcreasinguseofindigenousspeciesforplantingandtransformationofforests.ThreelinesofreThecurrentresearchsupportstheactualforestrypolicyinaconcreteway.ThisadvocatesaninproductiveTheresearchonconiferousspecieswascutback,asselectedmaterialisalreadyavailableandalder.oustrees,inparticularWildcherry,Commonash,Pedunculateoak,Sessileoak,andBlackcusedinrecentyearsontheselectionandbreedingresearchintoindigenousspeciesofdeciduInadditiontotheselectionandbreedingofpoplarandwillow,specialattentionhasbeenfointerestforthemostimportantconiferousspecies.arebeingfollowedatthesametime:•researchintoprovenances•selectionofseedstands•creationofseedorchards.isapriority.aspossibleinthenearfuture.Thephytopathologicalsupportforselectionandbreedingresearchingprogrammesforpoplar,willow,CommonashandWildcherry.ResearchisbeingcarriedoutonthemostimportantpathogensinWesternEuropeforthefollowingspeciesoftrees:•Poplar: Melamsporaspp, Marssonina, bacterial canker, viruses, bark necrosis, Discosporium; • Willow: water mark disease, leaf rust, leaf spots; • Common ash: bark disease; • Wild cherry: aphids, canker, antracnosis. The funding is largely made available from the Patrimonium. The research comprises two aspects: Studyofthepathogens: • andstudyofthegeneticvariabilityofpathogens(AFLP,REP,PCR…)andtheirpathogenicitythecorrelationbetweenthese; • the development of artificial infection techniques for early selection; • diseaseofpathogensinthehostplant(alreadydevelopedforwatermarkdiseaseinwillow,andbarkthedevelopmentofmoleculardetectionandidentificationtechniquesfortheearlydetectioninash). Studyoftheresistanceofthehostplant: • the development of a selection and breeding strategy for long-term resistance; • forthedetectionofmarkersandQTLsforresistance,andgenemapping(researchcarriedoutpoplar,seebelow) chapterIV.3–187
• theanalysisoftheresistancemechanismsonthebasisofmoleculargenetictechniques(currentresearchonpoplar–seebelow); • selection for resistance of genitors, plus trees, clones, seedlings. The supporting projects in the TWOL programme (MINA Fund) in this context were: • “Moleculardetectionandidentificationmethodsfor Erwiniasalicis, causingwatermarkdis ease in willow”, carried out by the RUG in co-operation with the IBW; • “DevelopmentofarapidmoleculardetectionandidentificationmethodforPseudomonas syringaesubsp.savastanoi pv.fraxini,whichcausesbacterialcancerinash”,carriedoutbythe RUG; • search,inFlanders”,currentlycarriedoutinco-operationwiththeCentreforAgriculturalReandtheproject,“StudyofthedistributionandepidemiologyofwatermarkdiseaseinwillowDepartmentofCropProtection. 4. Application possibilities of molecular and genetic techniques in selection and GenemapsweredrawnupforInstitutethepractice-orientedresearch.Thisisdoneinco-operationwiththeFlandersInteruniversityMeanwhile,moreattentionisalsofocusedonthegeneticaspectsofbreedingresearch,aswellasbreedingforBiotechnology(IBWfundsforresearchwiththirdparties). P.deltoides,P.trichocarpaandP.nigra. sity,resistancetoQTLsweredeterminedfortheheightgrowth,flushing,rootingcapacity,diameter,woodden-unravelthecomplexityofquantitativecharacteristics.Forexample,theplaceandstrengthofThesegenemapsserveto Xanthomonaspopuli andhorizontalresistanceto Melampsoralarici-populina (Mlp). nismstoInrecentyears,specialattentionhasbeendevotedtothedetectionofresistancemechaMlp.Thismethodcanalsobeusedforthestudyofresistancetootherpathogens,such as Discosporiumpopuleum,Marssoninabrunnea, and Xanthomonaspopuli. techniqueof1999,theInstitutestartedonthegeneticcharacterisationofthegenebank,usingtheAFLPgeneticcharacterisation(isozymesandRAPD)throughtheTWOL(MINAFund).Attheending.TheVUBhasalreadycarriedoutintroductoryresearchonmorphologicalandmolecular-Thetaxonomicidentificationofwillowtreesisabsolutelyessentialforfurtherworkonbreed-(AmplifiedFragmentLengthPolymorphism),inorderto:•supportthemorphologicaldeterminationofspeciesinthecomplex Salixalba–Salixfragilis; • eliminate genetically identical individuals in the gene bank; • determine the genetic diversity in the basic collection. 5. Maintaining the gene resources of trees and takesnomicallylessimportant,thoughecologicallyvaluablespeciesoftreesandshrubs.Thisresearchtentionhasbeenextended,inrecentyears,tomaintainingthenativegeneticresourcesofecoAbroadgeneticbasisofthestartingmaterialshouldbeamatterofpermanentconcern.Thisatshrubsplaceatthreelevels:•aninventoryofremainingnativegeneticresources,carriedoutwiththeTWOLProgrammeoftheMINAFund;• insitu or exsitu treesandcrabapple,attheCLOinGhent,andinaddition,thegeneticdiversityofsurvivingelmrently,thereisaTWOLprojectstudyingthegeneticdiversityofindigenousoak,hornbeampliedscientificresearchintothegeneticdiversityinandbetweenthesepopulations.Curprotectionofthesepopulations,eithercombinedornotcombinedwithapandblackpoplarinFlandersisbeingstudiedwithEU-subsidies; • naturepolicyisaimedattherecoveryandmaintenanceofstableecosystemsandthedevelopmentofwiththisissue(keyconcept:maintainingthequalityoftheforest;aim:theFlemishforestryofattentiontothelossofbiodiversity.Action21oftheForestryActionPlandealsspecificallyAttheFlemishlevel,thisresearchiscarriedoutintheMINAPlan2,whichdevotesagreatdealshrubs,theintroductionandstimulationofacarefullyconsidereduseofindigenoustreesandincludingtheestablishmentofseedorchards.values;strategy:theconservationofindigenousspeciesoftreesandshrubs). chapterIV.3–188
GeneticenceofStrasbourg(1990)fortheprotectionofforestsinEurope,“ConservationofForests’Attheinternationallevel,thisformsthecontextforResolutionno.2oftheMinisterialConferResources”.
3.2
3.2.1.ResearchintoHuntingandGameManagementDivision
conservationofnature,andeconomicinterests(lossesofpoultry…)areoftenraisedfordiscusthecaseofthefox,theseconflictsofinterestareevenclearer,andboththeinterestsofhunting,predators,whiletheycanthereforecomeintocontactwithhumaninterestsinseveralfields.Ininabroaderlandscapecontext.Atthesametime,theyhaveanimportantecologicalnicheastopandotter),severalspeciesaregoodindicatorsforthequalityofspecifichabitatsandtheirplaceWithregardtothemartenfamily(weasel,ermine,polecat,pinemarten,stonemarten,badgerthemammalsandthegapsintheknowledgeresultingfromthis,whicharerevealed,forexample,inThesesubjectstosomeextentmakeupforthelackofanytraditionofresearchintoindigenousvision.ofthemartenfamilyandthefoxformedthefocusoftheactivitiesintheGameManagementDi-tallisedwiththefocusoncarnivores:thedistribution,theecologyandthepopulationdynamicsThepopulation-ecologicalresearchintoanimalscarriedoutattheInstituteinrecentyearscrys-1.Population-ecologicalresearchNatureReportonFlanders.sion,inadditiontothefactorofpublichealth.Theanswertoanumberoftheseproblemsrequireslong-termresearch.Thisisalsorelatedtothefragmentationproblem,andtheconcernformaintainingbiodiversity,asformulatedintheMINAPlan2.Inadditiontoitsownresearch,theInstitutealsogivesadviceandmonitorsvariousexternalprojects.2.SupportingresearchinthecontextofhuntingandthemanagementofthefaunaWithreferencetotheHuntingDecree,theMINAPlan2comprisesvariousaspects,whichrelate,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,tohuntingandthemanagementofanimalpopulations.Answersareexpectedwithregardtothepossibilities,thedesirabilityorapplicabilitywithinthegeneralobjectivesandpointsofattentionforthisplan.Inthecontextofpromotingthesustainableuseofcomponentsofthebiologicaldiversity,attentionshouldbedevotedtotheecologicalaspectsofhunting,andopposingunsuitable(re)introductions.Withregardtothisaspect,alargeworkinggroupisactiveundertheauspicesoftheInstitute.
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3.1.5.Technologicalresearchintowood
ThesearchTheLaboratoryforWoodTechnologyattheRUGwascommissionedtocarryoutthisre(IBWfundsforresearchwiththirdparties).followingaspectsareexamined:•anevaluationofthewoodqualityofpoplarcloneswhichhavebeenmarketedandwillbemarketedbytheIBW,•researchintohereditarypatternsofvarioustechnologicalqualitiesofthewoodofpoplars,•researchintothewoodqualityoflessknown,butecologicallyimportantindigenousspeciesoftrees,suchaswillowandbirch;•researchintothepossibilitiesfortheuseofwoodwithinachangedforestpolicy,particularlythequalityandpropertiesofwoodfrompinetreeswithlongerrotationtimes;•theinfluenceofoakmortalityonthequalityofthewood,andacomparisonofFlemishoakwithoakofforeignorigin. Game Management
3.2.2.ResearchintotheFishStockManagementandInlandFisheries ofwhichprobablyhascarcinogenicproperties.TheuseofredbaitbyanglersistheprobablecauseingwatersinFlanders.Analyses(carriedoutbyCODA)revealthatthisistheSudanIVdye,Recently,thepresenceofareddyeinthemusculartissueoffishwasnotedinanumberoffishTheresultsoftheconcentrationsofheavymetalswerereportedinthe1999MIRA-TReport.TWOL,cidesbytheCentreforAgriculturalResearch,DepartmentofSeaFishery,inthecontextofthemetals,theCODA(VeterinaryandAgrochemicalResearchCentre),andforPCBsandpestiurementlocationsinFlanders.Theanalyseswerecarriedoutbycertifiedlaboratories:forheavythedistributionofsomeofthemosttoxicheavymetals,PCBs,andpesticidesineelsin52meastion(e.g.,byanglers).In1999,theIBWcarriedoutthefirstanalysisoftheresearchresultsongardtoemissionsofthesesubstances.Insomecases,itcanalsoindicatetherisksforconsumpForseveralreasons,thecontentofpollutantsineelsisagoodindicatorforthesituationwithreLIFEincorporationinthecontextofEuropeanpolicy.FundingcomesfromVLINAandtheEUportantsubject.ThepossibleapplicationsoftheFishIndexarestudied,aswellasitsferentwatertypes–anexaminationofthepossibleinfluenceofseasonalfluctuations)isanimoftheFlemishinlandwaters.Thescientificsupportforthismethodology(acomparisonofdifThe“FishIndex”canbeusedasavaluableinstrumenttoadequatelyreflectthebioticintegrity(TWOL,activebiologicalmanagement).Thisresearchiscarriedoutinco-operationwiththeuniversitiesAttemptsaremadetorestoreeutrophicpondsbymeansoffoodwebmanipulation(so-calledmanagementVMMandAQUAFIN(annual)reports,inplansforlanduseandtheplanningoffishstockTheinformationisused,interalia,intheannualenvironmentalreports(MIRAreports),inthetheenvironmentalqualityandmonitoringofthepurificationoperationsinaquaticecosystems.Region.Thisprovidesinformationaboutthedistributionandstatusofspecies,butalsoaboutwithregularinventoriesandmonitoringofthewatercoursesandclosedwatersintheFlemishByrecordingfishstocks,informationhasbeenobtainedaboutthesituationoffishpopulations,1.thenaturepolicyinFlanders.Anumberofissuesarealsorelatedtocurrentresearchprogrammesatstronglypolicy-oriented,andsupportthefreshwaterfisheriespolicyandtheenvironmentalandTheresearchisfocusedonthefishstocksandtheirhabitat.InmostcasesthesubjectsareEuropeanlevel.Researchintothefishpopulationandfishandenvironmentalqualitybytheanglingsector.MINAFund,VLINA).Programme.MINAFundandtheInstitute’sfundforresearchwiththirdparties.this. chapterIV.3–190
theresearchintotheViralHaemorrhagicSyndromeintheWildRabbit(CODA),inbothprojectsdisedbytheMINAFund(TWOL)oncombatingthecrowfamily(KBIN),andtheexploratoryaredirectlyrelatedtohuntingandthemanagementoffauna,suchasresearchprojectssubsihabitatsbydelegationinvariouspilotgroupsandsteeringcommittees.OtherexternalprojectsInaddition,theinstitutecontributestotheresearchonandapproachtothefragmentationofingmentplanstobedrawnup,theinventoryofthegamepopulations,andthecollectionofhuntunits(WBEs).ThesewereconcernedinparticularwiththestandardisationofgamemanageGovernmentofFlanderswithregardtotheoperationandrecognitionofgamemanagementDuringthecourseof1999,anadditionalprojectwasstartedup,followingtheDecisionofthedata.ThisresearchiscarriedoutbytheInstituteandfundedbytheMINAFund.intitutehasaleadingrole.
2. Scientific support for “Inland bulrushandyellowflagontheexsistingflora”,attheCLOGhent,DepartmentofPlantGenetand/ormorphologicaldiversityinthenaturalflora,andtheimpactofnewplantingwithreed,possible.TheTWOLproject(MINAFund)supportingthisistheresearchproject,“GeneticForexample,inthechoiceofplantmaterial,thegeneticoriginistakenintoaccountasfarasplants.thevegetationsuitableforrestorationmeasures,andthecultivationofaquaticplantsandshoreofriverbanks.Theemphasisisparticularlyontheprofileofthebanks,thematerialtobeused,andsiphons.Ontheotherhand,thereisresearchintotheenvironmentally-friendlyrestorationcourses,theevaluationoffishpassagesandresearchintothemigrationoffishthroughculvertsinsupportofpolicy:inventoriesoftheproblemareasforfishmigrationinprioritywater-restoringwatercourses.Ontheonehand,therewasagreatdealofresearchintofishmigrationInrecentyears,researchonrestoringthebiotopehasfocused,inparticular,ontwoaspectsof3.Inwaterferentusesofaquaticbiotopesandfishery,andinageneralcontext,oftheenvironmentalandimplementationofthefreshwaterfisheriesmanagementandpolicy,theintegrationofthedifInaddition,theoperationoftheProvincialFisheriesCommissionsissupported,aswellastheareferentfunctions.Theevaluationandintegrationoffisheryactivitiesinandalongthewaterwaysdonebyrespectingthebestpossiblefunctioningofthewatersystems,andattuningoftheirdiferymanagementfocusesonthesustainableuseandmanagementoffishpopulations.Thisisofsustainability,consultation,andatargetgrouppolicy,formulatedintheMINAPlan2,fishByadoptingaplannedapproachtothemanagementoffishstocks,andfollowingtheprinciplesFisheries”twomainfocusesofattention.policy.recentyears,specificprojects,whichhavereceivedattention,include:•the“Ecologicalincorporationoffishing”,(inco-operationwiththeProvincialFisheriesCommissions);•researchintothepossibilitiesofco-managementstructuresandanglingregions,aimingatthetargetedintegrationofthemanagementrelatedtofisheries,themanagementofbiotopesandfisheryactivitiesinpublicanglingwaters;•drawingupfisherydevelopmentplansforpublicfishing,withaviewtotheintegrationoffishstocksandbiotopemanagementinparticularareas,theco-managementandrecreationaluseforanglingofparticularwatersorhydrographicbasins;•scientificsupportfortherestockingpolicytakingintoaccountthewaterconcerned(quality,ecology,structure,pressureofangling…).Additionaltotherestockingplans,thefisheryda-tabasesaremanagedandcompletedwithinformationaboutrestocking,fishmortality,watermanagementobjectives,thetypesandpressureoffishing.BiotoperestaurationicsandBreeding.Followingadecisionapprovedon26April1996,bytheMinistersoftheBeneluxEconomicUnion,onthefreemigrationoffishspeciesinthehydrographicbasinsoftheBeneluxby2010,adraftprioritymapwasdrawnupofthewatercourseswhichneedsanitationforfishmigration.AllthesedataareenteredinanACCESSdatabank.Theaimistomakethisdatabank“ProblemareasforfishmigrationinprioritywatercoursesintheFlemishRegion”,availableforconsultationontheinternetintheshortterm.Inaddition,thereisapossibilityforthemanagersofwatercoursestosendonnewsituations(suchastheconstructionofafishpassage)sothatthedatabankremainsuptodate.4.ResearchintospecificproblemareasforfishmigrationConsiderableinvestmentsarerequiredtotacklethefishmigrationbottlenecksandfortheconstructionoffishpassages.TheinventoryshowsthatinmostFlemishwatercoursesthereareculverts,siphons,returnvalvesetc.,givingrisetothequestionwhetherthesestructuresmight chapterIV.3–191
yetAlthoughtheresearchintofishdiseasesisoneoftheInstitute’stasks,nointensiveresearchhasforms(TWOL,MINAFund,commissionedbytheForestsandGreenAreasDivision).ThisalsoulationsinpublicwatersinFlandersisbeingcarriedoutinco-operationwiththeKULeuvenResearchintothecharacterisationofgeneticdiversityofpike,chub,burbotandrivertroutpopwaterextinctinFlanders,exceptintheMeusebasin.However,theimprovementinthequalityofthethetoppredatorinourlowlandriversandanecologicallyvaluablespecies,whichhasbecomerestorationofparticularspecies.Currently,researchisbeingcarriedoutintobreedingburbotasecologicallyvaluablespeciesoffishinthecontextofprogrammesforthereintroductionandFisheriesCommissions.Ontheotherhand,thereisalsothebreedingofthreatenedspeciesorspecies,whicharedifficulttoobtain,forthebenefitoftheFisheryFundandtheProvincialTheresearchintothebreedingoffishisaimedattheproductionofhighqualitybreedingfishof5.Forestswasexaminedtowhatextentfishcanpassbythese(TWOLMINAFund,commissionedbytheformproblemsformigration.Inco-operationwiththeHydrologicalLaboratory(AWZ),itandGreenAreasDivision).Fishbreedingandfishpathologyprovidesprospectsforreintroduction.importantsupportfortherestockingpolicytobeimplemented.beencarriedoutintothis,becauseoflackofstaff.
4.Scientific reputation 4.1. Patents andcedurewillendattheendof2001.VariousotherclonesinanadvancedstageofselectionareweremadeforCommunityPlantVarietyRights,attheendof1998(1)and1999(4).Thepronewpoplarclones(“Helix”,“Muur”,“Oudenberg”,“Vesten”and“Grimminge”),applicationsCurrently,15clonesareprotectedbyBreedersRights(13inBelgium,and2inEurope).For5understitute.Infact,ithasbeenpossibletoprotecttheintellectualpropertyofnewclonessince1996,sponsiblefortheorganisationofthemultiplicationpoplarclonalmaterial,producedbytheIn-Inadditiontotheannualproductionofseedsofforesttreesinseedorchards,theIBWisalsore-CommunityPlantVarietyRight.willbeavailableformarketinginthenearfuture. 4.2. International scientific publications The table below provides a summary of the annual publications at an international 199419951996199719981999level.6924211610 5.Participation in international programmes 5.1 Forest development, forest ecology, nature development in forests COSTActionE4:EuropeanForestReservesResearchNetwork(1996-1999) ActionnationalmeetingforWorkingGroups1and2,andtheManagementCommitteeofthisCOSTtabase).TogetherwiththeForestsandGreenAreasDivision,theInstituteorganisedaninterfullmemberinWorkingGroup2(commonmethods),andWorkingGroup3(centraliseddathereplacementmemberinWorkingGroup1,EuropeanNetworkofForestReserves,andaTheInstituterepresentedBelgiumintheManagementCommitteeofthisCOSTAction.ItwasinBrussels,inNovember1997. chapterIV.3–192
biodiversityinEurope”Concertedaction(PL97-3575):“Indicatorsformonitoringandevaluationofforest wasAltogethertherearemorethan20scientificinstitutesinvolvedinthisprogramme.TheprojectstartedupinJanuary1998.TheInstituteisalsothecontactpointforBelgium. 5.2 Forest protection workCo-ordinatorfortheFlemishRegionofStrasbourgResolutionno.1:.“Europeannetofpermanentsampleplotsformonitoringofforestecosystems” estsItoperatesinthecontextofprogrammesoftheEuropeanCommissionandUN/ECE-ICPForoftheUnitedNations. Co-ordinator for the Flemish Region of Strasbourg Resolution no. 6:. “European Forest Ecosystem Research Network” aInthiscontext,theInstituteco-operatedonthedevelopmentofadatabankandthecreationof(EFERN)website. The condition of forests in Europe ropeanEuropeannetworkofpermanenttestsites.ItoperatesinthecontextofprogrammesoftheEupan-Europeannetwork(16x16km)andtheintensivemonitoringoftheforestecosysteminaTheaimistodrawupanannualinventoryofthehealthofforestsinEurope,inasystematicCommissionandUN/ECE-ICPForestsoftheUnitedNations. The ICP Forests andandreportingofresultsofthesoilresearchintheLevelItestsitesattheEuropeanscale(EUratoryforSoilResearchoftheRUG.Itsmaintaskisthecentralisation,storage,interpretationTheForestSoilCo-ordinatingCentre(FSCC)wasestablishedinNovember1993attheLaboSoilexpertpanels.Since1991,theadhocWorkingGrouponForestSoilhaschairedthe“ForestWorkingGrouponAirPollution,andtakesanactivepartinthetaskforcemeetingsandvariouscalCentre.ItrepresentstheFlemishRegionintheEU’sPermanentForestryCommittee–Commission.Inthecontextofthesetwoprogrammes,theIBWplaystheroleofNationalFo-ofuniformresearchmethods.Itco-operatescloselywithasimilarprogrammeoftheEuropeaninventory,describingandmonitoringthehealthofforestsinaninternationalcontext,bymeans“UNConventiononLong-RangeTransboundaryAirPollution”.ItisaimedatdrawingupanThisisaninternationalco-operationprogramme,whichstartedin1985inthecontextoftheExpertPanel”inthecontextofICPForests.ICPForests). 5.3 Research into planting stands and forest extension • ZC-AIR project: “Poplars for farmers” (AIR3-CT94-1753) (1994-1997) Thisprojectledtotheconstructionofabioeconomicdecision-makingmodelsfortheafforestationofagriculturalland.TheInstitutewasresponsibleforprovidingagriculturalandforestryinformation,drawingupthesubmodelsitecharacteristicsgrowthandproductivity,andthesubmodelavailabilityofwaterandgrowth.• ment.competitivevegetationintreeplantationscarriedoutinurbanandnaturalenvironEGLIFEProject:theassessmentofmulchsheetsversusothertechniquestoinhibit (LIFE 97 ENV/B/000401) (1997-2000) The Institute’s contribution comprises scientific support and evaluation. • DWTCProject:analysisandmodellingofcarbon,waterandnutrientcyclesoftheimportantforestecosystemsinthecontextofGlobalChangeandSustainableDevelopment(1997-2000) poplarTheInstituteisresponsibleforresearchintothewatercycleoftwoforestecosystems,viz.,theecosystemandthepineforestecosystem chapterIV.3–193
COST Action E12: “Urban Forests and Trees” (1997-2002) Group2–SelectionandEstablishment.Inthiscontext,ithasdrawnupaninventoryoftheseTheInstituterepresentsFlandersintheManagementCommittee,andisactiveinWorkingestsThisactioncollectstogethertheresearcheffortsonthreeimportantissuesrelatedtourbanforandtreesinanurbanenvironment,viz.,•Objectivesandfunctionsofurbanforestsandurbangreenareas•Selectionandestablishment•ManagementlectionandbreedingactivitiesinEurope,andexaminedtheproblemsofestablishingpublicgreenareasinsomeFlemishcities.Inaddition,itreportedonthetrainingpossibilitiesandrequirementsinrelationto UrbanForestry in Flanders. 5.4 Selection and cultivation, genetic research EUFORGEN: European Forest Genetic Resources programme Inon(InternationalPlantGeneticResourcesInstituteoftheFAO).In2000,EUFORGENstartedForestGeneticResources”wasstreamlinedbyEUFORGEN,whichwasestablishedinIPGRIAttheEuropeanlevel,theeffortstoimplementtheStrasbourgResolution2,“Conservationofitssecondstageofactivities.TheInstituterepresentsBelgiumintheSteeringCommittee.addition,thereareseveralnetworksactiveinEUFORGEN:• the Populusnigra network “Identificationing,reproducinganddistributingreferencematerial,andmadeanactivecontributiontothe“PlantDescriptorList”atthelevelofexsitucollections.Itisalsoresponsibleformaintain-September1997,itorganisedthefourthnetworkmeetinginGeraardsbergen.Itdrewupa:inthis,theInstituteoperatesasanattendingmember,andinSheet”. • theNobleHardwoodsnetwork sources.coordinatestheactivitiesfordrawingupajointmethodfortheidentificationofgenetic:again,theInstituteisactiveasanattendingmember,and • theSocialHardwoodsnetwork:inthisnetwork,whichconcentratesonmaintainingthe genetic resources of beech and oak, the Institute is a corresponding member. EC-AIRProject,Interdisciplinaryresearchforpoplarimprovement(IRPI) (nº AIR1.CT92 0034) poplar,ThisprojectintegratedtheexpertiseavailableinEuropeinthevariousdisciplinesrelatedto(1993-1996)suchasbiotechnology,ecology,cultivation,andgrowth-siteresearch. RESGEN078“Co-ordinationforconservation,characterisation,collectionandutilisationofgeneticresourcesofEuropeanelms” theiringgeneticsourcesofelminEuropeinanexsitucollection,characterisingthemandevaluatingtionandUtilisationofGeneticResourcesinAgriculture”,andisaimedatcollectingthesurvivThisprojectfallsundertheEUDecree1467/94,“TheConservation,Characterisation,Collec(1997-2001)resistancetoelmdisease. ment”tionofbiodiversity,conservationstrategies,naturedevelopmentandgeneticimproveEU-FAIR“GeneticdiversityinriverpopulationsofEuropeanblackpoplarforevalua (nº FAIR5-CT97-3386) theitsexsituclonebank,theEUFORGENgenebank,andtwoAustriannaturalpopulations,andThecontributionoftheInstituteconsistsofthemorphologicalandisozymecharacterisationof(1998-2001)researchintorelationsbetweennaturalregenerationandpossibleparents(introgression). BreedingofFast-growingSpeciesofTrees”BilateralCooperationAgreementbetweenFlandersandHungary:“Selectionand changeandevaluationofgeneticmaterial,trainingofanHungarianresearcherinpathology,Institute)inBudapest.ThefollowingprogrammesaredrawnupwithFlemishfunding:theexandsupportingtheresearchintobreedingattheHungarianERTI(HungarianForestResearchInthecontextofthisco-operationagreement,theInstitutedrewupaprojectforre-establishing(1996-1999) chapterIV.3–194
involvesralpopulationsofEuropeanblackpoplar.Partofthescientificco-operationprogrammealsotheconstructionofaphytopathologicallaboratory,andresearchintogeneticdiversityinnatumakingavailableselectedreproductionmaterialofRobiniatotheInstitute. Regions”FAO:“Afforestation,ForestryResearch,PlanningandDevelopmentintheThreeNorth (FAO: GCP/CPR/009/BEL) materialthefederalgovernment,theInstitutetrainedaChinesetechnician,andmadevaluablegeneticInthecontextofthelargeafforestationprojectsinthenorthofChina,whichareco-fundedby(1997-2001)ofpoplaravailable.In1999,theprojectalsoinvolvedaconsultancymission. 5.5 Hunting and Game Management EcologiquedessystèmesLotiques”(1997-2000)EULIFEproject:“IndiceBiotiqued’IntégritéPiscicolepourl’Evaluationdelaqualité sinquality,andatthemaintenanceandrestorationofallthewatercoursesinthehydrographicbaThisprojectisaimedatdevelopingandstandardisingafishindexforthegeneralevaluationofoftheMeuse.ThepartnersinvolvedaretheNetherlands,WalloniaandFrance. EIFAC-FAO Working Party on Eels Thissystem(GLASSEELPL98/076)(1/12/99-30/11/2001),inwhich12countriesparticipate.participatesinthe“ManagementofEuropeanEel”:EstablishmentofarecruitmentmonitoringInthecontextoftheEUprogramme,“Studiesinsupportofthecommonfisheriespolicy”,itsoryCommission”.TheInstitutecarriesoutstudiesonthemigrationofglasseelsinFlanders.ThesituationregardingtheEuropeaneelisapriorityinthe“EuropeanInlandFisheriesAdviprojectdealswith4separateaspects:•thedevelopmentofanetworkofmonitoringstations•theinternationalstandardisationofmonitoringmethods•thedevelopmentofdataexchangeprocedures•theavailabilityofhistoricaldata. 6.Co-operation with universities/research institutes (in Belgium and abroad) buttactsthatarepossibleattheinternationallevel.ThesenotonlytakeplaceinwesternEurope,Furthermore,thesummaryoftheinternationalresearchprogrammesrevealsthewealthofconLaboratory,trationandhisprovincialdepartments(VLM,VMM,OVAM,VLACO,AWZ,HydrologicalTheInstitutealsoco-operateswithseveralFlemishPublicInstitutions,theFlemishAdminisCommissionsion,actsasvicechairmanforthe“Pathology”workinggroupoftheInternationalPoplarInaddition,theInstitutecontainstheBelgiansecretariatfortheInternationalPoplarCommisForestryInternationalcontactsarefurtherfacilitatedbythemembershipoftheInternationalUnionofportTheVLINAprojects,whichalwayshaveamultidisciplinarycharacter,provideadditionalsupsearchofresearchbythirdparties,theIBWactuallyalreadyhasmanycontactswithotherFlemishreOnthebasisofitsco-ordinatingrolefortheForestsandGreenAreasDivisionintheexecutioninstitutes(cf.theTWOLprojects).forthealreadyexistingco-operationwiththeuniversities.ResearchOrganisations(IUFRO),andtheEuropeanForestResearchInstitute.(FAO),andrepresentsBelgiumintheEIFAC.AMINAL,ProvincialFisheriesCommissions…).alsomuchfurtherafield. chapterIV.3–195
KULeuven.CentreGroenendaal.Ithasalsoprovidedseveralguestlecturers,e.g.,fortheRUGandtheningsinFlanders,andhascooperatedintrainingcoursesorganisedbytheEducationalForestryInaddition,theInstitutehasorganisednumerousexcursions,studydays,lectures,themeeve-alsoTheInstitutealsohasanimportantadvisorytask,notonlyinrelationtothegovernment,but(FlandersPolicyPlan,theimplementationofthe“ForestryActionPlan”,andthedefinitionoftheVENInco-operationwiththeForestsandGreenAreasDivision,italsosupportstheEnvironmentaltextKULeuven,theCODA,theRUG,theBelgianSoilDepartment,andtheInstitute,intheconForestSoiloftheMinistryoftheFlemishCommunity,aco-operativeventurebetweentheTheForestryDivisionisresponsiblefortheco-ordinationoftheadhocWorkingGrouponAsionedTheInstitutetakesanactivepartinnumerousscientificsteeringgroups,whicharecommisbytheFlemishCommunitytomonitorresearchprojects.fewexamplesofscientificsupportandadvicearegivenbelow.oftheproject,“ForestSoilMonitoringNetworkintheFlemishRegion”.EcologicalNetwork)inthecontextoftheFlandersStructuralPlan.withregardtothirdparties(landmanagementagencies,privatepersons),suchas:•givingadviceontheappropriatenessofdesignatingforestreserves;•givingadvicetotheFlemishauthorities,provincialgovernments,municipalgovernmentsandprivateforestowners,ondiseasesandpestsinforests,aswellaspolicy-relatedadviceonforestvitality,acidification,fertilisation…;•advicefortheForestsandGreenAreasDivisiononreplanting,liming,riverandpondbankmanagement,theprotectionofthesoilinthecaseofforestexploitation…;•advicetotheAWZfortheorganisationofsludgedeposits;•advicetotheForestsandGreenAreasDivisionontheplantingofelmandwillow,inthecontextofafforestationandreafforestationgrants;•regularadvicetoprivateforestowners,gamemanagementunits,natureassociations,watermanagers,fisheriesmanagers,SupremeCouncils…
8.Evolution of personnel 1994-1999 end’94 end’95 end’96 end’97 end’98 Totaal385355657072MaintenanceTechnical61112162121AdministrativeScientific152222262627end’99255766personnel151516151718 chapterIV.3–196
7.Other activities
Current distribution (March 2000) over the different research fields: Research fields Scientific personnelTechnical personnel Forestry•Forest ecology and forest management •Forest protection •Site •Breeding/geneticsresearch 6634 8522 Game•Hunting•InlandManagementfisheriesandgame 29 24 chapterIV.3–197
Chapter IV.4 Research Institutes chapterIV.4 IV.4.a.Interuniversity Micro-Electronics Centre (IMEC) 1. Introduction (JOULE,LIFE,ESPRIT,BRITE…).ThemostimportantfinancialdataarecollectedinTaarestronglyintegrated,bothinFlemish(IWT,VLIET)andinEuropeanresearchprogrammesTheoveralleffortsofIMECinthesethreefieldshaveincreasedinthelastfiveyears;theprojectsmentalimportantcomponentinIMEC’sresearchactivity.Theircontributiontoimprovingenviron-Thestudyofenvironmentallyrelatedaspectsinthespecificcontextofmicro-electronicsisanproblemstakesplaceatthreelevels:•thedevelopmentanddistributionofrenewableenergysources,inwhichIMECactivitiesfo-cusmainlyonphotovoltaicenergy;•acontributiontothereductionofenvironmentalpollutioncausedbyICproductionpro-cesses,inparticular,theconsumptionofhighlypurifiedwaterandthedischargeofdanger-ouschemicals;•thedevelopmentofmicro-electronicsensorsforenvironmentalmanagementandthedetec-tionofcontaminatingsubstances.bles1and2.Table1.Contract-basedresearchprogrammesinIMECduringtheperiod1994-1999(inthousandsofEUR) Programme199419951996199719981999 Solar EnvironmentalIC-processes276.77276.77364.0187.24297.47cells1,109.791,333.221,568.721,355.281,691.871,629.43sensors139.4764.11273.38313.6671.6499.28 Total1,249.261,674.102,118.872,032.951,850.752,026.18 Table2.SourceoffinancingtheenvironmentallyrelatedresearchinIMEC(inthousandsofEUR) Source of financing199419951996199719981999 BusinessesEuropeanFlemishGovernmentofFlanders326.58686.81768.87142.86135.55130.86industry46.0342.4949.2649.9551.86141.80programmes876.65895.221,176.401,827.451,661.651,701.12abroad49.58124.3412.691.6952.40 TOTAL 1,249.261,674.102,118.872,032.951,850.752,026.18 chapterIV.4–199
2. Technologies, components and systems for photovoltaic energy 2.1 Summary of the research programmes The photovoltaic research field (abbreviated as PV), comprises three activities: 1) improvementofindustrialprocesses 2)usedforthispurpose.IMECisoneofthethreebestresearchcentresintheworldinthisfield.forcrystalline,siliconsolarcells:aspecialisedpilotlineis newmaterials,conceptsandtechnologies forsolarcells. 3)upthesearecheaperandmoreeasilyintegrated.Takingthisevolutionintoaccount,IMEChassetIntheverylongterm,therewillprobablybeatransitiontoorganicsemiconductors,becausetionwillbeagradualtransitionfromsiliconthickfilmtothinfilmtechnology,withtheintroducInthefuture,itisexpectedthatthereofnewmaterials.aproactiveresearchprogrammetoexaminethesenewalternatives. studyofphotovoltaicsystems, scribedThemostimportantresearchfieldsinthethreeabove-mentionedsolarcellprogrammesarede-projectsinBelgiumandabroad,togetherwithuniversitylaboratoriesandthespin-offcompainparticularnetworkconnections;IMECisinvolvedinseveralnies,SOLTECHand3E.FortheexploitationoftheR&Dresults,therearetwochannelswhicharefollowed:•directtransfertoanindustrialpartner•transferviagovernmentagenciesoranotherindustrialpartner.below. i)Industrialsolarcells Thethesecompatibility,alowcost/performanceratio,andothermarketrequirements.AttheendofThisactivityconcentratesonthelaststagesofthec-SiPVtechnology,focusingonindustrialactivities,advancedPCprocessesaretransferredtoanindustrialenvironment.long-termR&Dcomprises:•thedevelopmentoflowcost,industrialPVprocessesforlargeareas(upto400cm2)andgreatlydiluted(upto100µm)siliconsubstratesandtapes•thedevelopmentofsolarcellsforintegrationinbuildingsandspecialapplications. ii)Advancedsolarcells 3)Wholly2)Thin1)LowthermalbudgetprocessesfortraditionalbulkSisolarcells(industrialhorizon:3-5Thecrystallinegalvanicinsulation…)alwaysremainspossible,atleastaslongastheactivelayerisbasedononstrationofparticularconceptsincellsforspecificapplications(spacecells,opticalcircuitsforadequatelydeveloped,thisexpertiseistransferredtotheIndustrialSolarCellsgroup.Thedemtial,thoughthishasnotyetbeenestablished.Whenatechnologyormaterialhasbeentivenessofphotovoltaiccellsforterrestrialuse,andwhichcanhavearelevantindustrialpotenTheaimofthisactivityistodeveloptechniquesandmaterialswhichcanimprovethecosteffecSi.Fororganiccells,otherroutescanbefollowed.R&Dfocusesonthreeactivities:years);filmcrystalSisolarcellsonacheapcarrier(industrialhorizon:5-15years)organiccellsonaflexiblesubstrate(industrialhorizon:>15years) iii)Photovoltaicsystems This activity has mainly developed since 1995, and focuses on: 1) Dissemination • following up information in the field of PV systems, both in Belgium and internationally chapterIV.4–200
• PVthedisseminationofinformation:actively(studyday,PVbrochure,IMECwebsite,activecampaign),andondemand(neutraladviceonPVinlargebuildingprojects) 2) Projects • B(uilding)I(ntegrated)cooperationonnewinnovativeconceptsandnewprojectsinthefieldofPVandintheminiaturisationofBOScomponents 3) Coordination • TheODEdiscussionanddivisionoftaskswiththeotherpartiesconcerned:3E,Soltech,Electrabel,long-termR&Dobjectivesare:•tofollowupthedevelopmentsinthefieldofbuildingintegratedphotovoltaicsystems•thedevelopmentofnewconceptsofbuildingintegratedPVsystemsandofASIC’sdesignforBOScomponentsonthebasisofthecombinationwiththeknow-howofotherIMECdivisions(Invomec). 2.2Energyanalysisandenvironmentalimpact Tabletheergythatisusedtoberegeneratedbythecell.Obviouslythistimedependstoalargeextentontheelectronicenergypaybacktimeofthesolarcell;inotherwords,thetimeneededfortheen-crystallisationtoformcrystallinesiliconblocks,andcuttingthediscs.Thisstudyalsoproducesconsistsofacarbonreductionofsand,thepurificationofsiliconofelectronicquality,theproductionofthesilicondiscs,withwhichthesolarcellsaremanufactured.Thisprocessenergy,Vol.11,1997).Thegreatmajorityoftheconsumption(85-90%)isaccountedforbyFrisson,J.Szlufcik)in“Energypaybacktimeofcrystallinesolarmodules”,AdvancesinsolarmoduleswasanalysedbyNijsetal.(J.Nijs,D.Hukin,R.Mertens,R.VanOverstraeten,L.Thetotaldirectandindirectconsumptionofenergyfortheproductionofcrystallinesolarcellplacewherethesolarcellreleasesitsenergy(cf.Belgiumcomparedwithsunnyareas).3:EnergypaybacktimeofcrystallineSisolarcells UnitCurrently Mediumterm Energy needed per WpkWh/Wp4.262.60 Energy generated per year •Sunny•Belgiumareas kWh/WpkWh/Wp 1.650.87 1.650.87 Energy payback time: •Sunny•Belgiumareas YearYear 2.584.9 analysisoffsetagainstthetotalnumberofkWsproducedduringthelifespanofthemodules.Adetailedductionofthesemodules(andothercomponents)thatemissionsoccur,andthesehavetobementalpollution:noemissionsofgases,nonoise,nowastematerials.ItisonlyduringtheproDuringtheiroperation,PVmoduleswhichhavebeeninstalled,donotproduceanyenvironcalrepresentsasignificantgaininelectricalenergy.Forcertainthinfilmsolarcellmodules,electriAssolarcellmoduleshavecurrentlybeenpropagatedwithalifespanofmorethan20years,this1.582.99“paybacktimes”oflessthanoneyearareprojectedforthefuturebyseveralsources.oftheproductionprocessestakesthefollowingelementsintoaccount:•rawmaterialsused•emissionsintotheairandwater•emissionofgases(CO2,SO2,andNOx)andotherharmfulsubstances chapterIV.4–201
thereforewasreducedbythesamefactor).Thisalsohasapositiveimpactonthecostsoftheprocess,andthelifespanofcertainbathscouldbeextendedbyafactorof3(thereforethewasteproductionvironmentalpollutionwithoutaffectingtheefficiencyofthepurificationprocesses.Inthisway,purificationsequencewasthoroughlyexamined.TechniquesweredevelopedtoreducetheeningtheusualwetpurificationstagesinICmanufacture.Eachofthechemicalbathsinatypicalprojectwastoreducetheconsumptionofultra-purifiedwater(DIwater)andchemicals,durThemainaimofthisattractedtheattentionofseveralimportantICmanufacturers.
chapterIV.4–202
thehasbeenactivelyinvolvedinthisproblem,andhascarriedoutseveralprojectsinthiscontext,ofpollutionresultingfromICmanufactureisthereforeurgentlyneeded.Since1995,IMECenvironmentalpollutionintheabsenceofsuitablemeasurestopreventthis.AsystematicstudyTheconstantlyincreasingproductioncapacityoftheICindustryinevitablyresultsingreater3.lowermentalpollutionofsolarcellproduction(expressedintermsofkWhs)producedissignificantlyThegeneralconclusionofthisanalysis(showninthespecialistiterature)isthattheenvironthatthatproducedbytraditionalpowerstations,basedonfossilfuels.ReductionintheenvironmentalpollutioncausedbytheproductionofintegratedswitchesfirsttwoofwhichwerefundedbytheLIFEProgrammeoftheEU.
1)Environmentallyfriendlypurificationtechniques(1995-1998):
3)TheremovalofphotoresistbymeansofozoneDIwatertreatment(1999-2001): theytions.Themostimportantthemesareshownbelow,togetherwiththeprogrammeonwhichInthisfield,varioussensortechnologiesareusedforextremelydiverseenvironmentalapplica4.cantlyreducesthecostoftheprocess.savingsof500,000lwaterand2,200lofsulphuricacidperweek!Obviously,thisalsosignifisumptionofDIwater(upto90%).ForanICproductionunitofmediumsize,thisrepresentsnationofsulphuricacidwaste,thenewprocessalsoleadstoasignificantreductioninthecon“wetozonegas”,i.e.,ozonecombinedwithsmallamountsofDIwater.Apartfromtheelimidrogenperoxide,andozone.Inthisproject,anattemptismadetoreplacetheusualreagentsbysist.Thisstagegenerallymakesuseofaggressivechemicaltreatmentswithsulphuricacid,hyofthemostimportantapplicationsofwetcleaninginICproductionistheremovalofphotoreOneEnvironmentalsensorsarebased,andinwhichtheresearchwascarriedout:•
Tindioxidesensorsfortheanalysisofexhaustgases(IWT): ticfuelplants(max300ºC).Inparticular,itstudiedtheinfluenceofthematerialtionthathasnotbeenburntintheexhaustofstationaryengines(max1000ºC)anddomestouseplenarytindioxidegassensors.Theseareusedtomeasurethehydrocarbonconcentratheaimofthisprojectwas
•
2)Therecoveryofwolframduringchemicaldeposits(1997-1999):
ofview.makesthefinancialaspectofthismethodextremelyattractivefromthecostofownershippointeryofhigh-qualitytungstenmetal.Thiscanberemarketedafterithasbeenrecycled,whichthesignificantreductionofwaste,itshouldbenotedthatthismethodalsoallowsfortherecov-thismethodwasdemonstratedbothexperimentallyandbytheoreticalanalysis.Inadditiontosaveoncosts.Thisisbasedontheso-called“dryplasmascrubber”method,andtheefficiencyofTheaimoftheIMECprojectwastodevelopatechniquefortherecoveryoftungstengastothroughisremovedunused,thusformingapotentialsourceofcontaminationbyheavymetals.dimensions.TheprocessusesWF6gasasaprecursor,andalmosthalfofthegasflowingtionoftungstenisanimportantstepinthemanufactureofadvancedICswithdeepsubmicronThechemicaldeposi
lengtharea(ESPRIT):Developmentoflaserdiodesandlight-emittingdiodesforthemiddleinfraredwave nique.Thetechnologymakesuseofquantumwellsformedbyindiumantimonidematerials.harmfulgasesbymeansofthetuneablediode-laserabsorptionspectroscopy(TDLAS)techThesecomponentsareusedfortracingverylowconcentrationsof
• Intelligentcontrolofventilationsystems(JOULE):
eningeas,eitherwithorwithoutothercentresofexpertise(e.g.,sustainabledevelopment,strengthistheidealpartnerfortheFlemishauthoritiestocontributetothesolutionofsocialproblemarBecauseofitswide-rangingportfolioofexpertise(forthesectorsinwhichVITOisactive),thisANREcessing.ThemostimportantFlemishgovernmentclientsaretheadministrationsAMINAL,energy,alternativeenergyconversionsystems,environmentallyfriendlyfuels,andimageproment(referencelaboratory,environmentalcontrols…),trafficproblems,therationaluseoflemsofwastematerialsandsoil,theproblemsofwastewater,themanagementoftheenvironoutmodelstudies,andprovidingspecificservicesinarangeoffields:airpollution,theprobAsapartnerofthegovernment,VITOhaskeytaskswithregardtosupportingpolicy,carryingflexibleandindustrywithregardtotechnologicalinnovationandsupport,andrespondtotheseinatechnologicalinstitute,itaimstogainaclearinsightintotherequirementsofthegovernmentarethetransferofknowledgeandtechnologicalinnovationforgovernmentandindustry.AsaVITOpresentsitselfasademand-orientedresearchinstitute(contractresearch).Itskeytasksqualityment,industryandsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses,withspecialisedservicesandhightute,whichpromotessustainableecologicaldevelopmentinFlanders,onbehalfofthegovern-TheFlemishInstituteforTechnologicalResearch(VITO)isamultidisciplinaryresearchinsti-IV.4.b.Flemishistomeasuretypicalwasteproductsfromagriculturalproduction.Inadditiontoammonia,itcialapplicationofmetaloxidegassensors,inwhichtheirsensitivitytohydrocarbonsisusedthisconcernsaspealsopossibletodetectmethaneandotherorganiccompounds.InstituteforTechnologicalResearch(VITO)R&Dinthefieldsofenergy,theenvironmentandmaterials.way.andAWI,andthepararegionalinstitutes,OVAM,VMMandVLM.theeconomicfabric…).Forthispurpose,VITOrelieson:•itsownbackgroundresearch,whichmaintainsits“technologyreadiness”.Maintainingthisatahighstandardimpliesasufficientbasicknowledge,thepermanentacquisitionofknowledge,andownbackgroundresearch.Afterall,withoutagenerationofknowledge,therecanbenotransferofknowledge;•buildinguptheknowledgeandexpertiseofitsownemployees;•coperationwithothercentresofknowledge(includinguniversities,researchinstitutes).Thissortofcooperationalsoentailsarespectforeachother’sposition. chapterIV.4–203
• sensors(BRITE/EURAM):Thedevelopmentofamanufacturingtechnologyfortheproductionofmetaloxide oftheyarestronglyinfluencedbychemicalenvironmentalfactors.Thereforeasystematicstudypleoftheoperationisbasedontheactionofthesensormaterialasacatalyticsurface,sothatparameters(sensitivity,selectivity,reliability)havetobeaccuratelyoptimalised.Theprincitechnologiesofmetaloxidegassensors.Gassensorsarecomplexsystems,inwhichseveralageneralsupportprogramme,systematicallyexaminingthethisisessentialforabettercontrolofthetechnology.
sensitivitycompositionandtemperatureprofileduringthecombustionburningprocess,onthegasofthesensors.
• Sensorsforthedetectionofammoniainagriculturalland(VLIET):
theaimoftheprojectwastodevelop acheapsensortomonitorCO2 nology,buttheseobstacleswereovercometoasignificantextentbytheIMECtechnology.calibration.BoththeseaspectsformabarriertothegeneraldisseminationofthesensortechCOrequiresoneprotectorforeveryroom,thecostfactorisofessentialimportance.Inaddition,concentrationsinventilatedrooms.Asthisprocessnormally2sensorsarefacedwithastabilityproblem,whichmeansthatthesystemrequiresregular
Thetablebelowprovidesasummaryofexpenditure(personnelcosts,operationalcostsandor1.summarytheorganisationandpersonneldevelopment,andthescientificreputation.Subsequently,theThissummarysuccessivelydevotesattentiontotheavailablefunds,theincomefromcontracts,confidentiality.tractresearchorganisation,VITOprovidesexpertiseandquality,butalsothenecessarysitionofFlemishindustryandsmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesarestrengthened.AsaconAsapartnerinindustry,animportanttaskistoensurethattheinnovationandcompetitivepoThemostimportantactivitiesinthisbusiness-orientedappliedresearchare:•thedevelopmentofinnovativeandsustainableproductsandprocesses;•highriskresearchwithanindustrialfocus;•specificandtargetedcontractresearch;•specialisedanalyses,measurementsandaudits;•thetransferofknowledgeandtechnology.oftheresearchactivitiesindifferentfieldsisdealtwithinaseparatechapter.Availablefundsdinaryinvestments)duringtheperiod1995-1999,aswellasalltheavailablefunds,whichconsistoftheannualsubsidiesfromtheFlemishRegion,andtheincomefromcontracts.Theextraordinaryinvestments(investmentsforestablishment,Prodeminvestments)arenottakenintoaccount;thesewerecarriedoutandfundedwiththesupportofERDFandtheFlemishRegion.(inmln.EUR) 19951996199719981999 Personnel costs21.1321.4323.8926.6727.48 Other Investments*3.013.454.533.844.50costs8.178.119.0510.6410.72 Total32.3133.0034.9941.1542.7019951996199719981999 Annual subsidies **25.7326.3927.0724.31***27.50 Target fin. +Ref.(0.19)(1.83)(1.86)(1.69)(2.47) Income contractsfrom *excludingalltheextraordinaryinvestments,inparticularProdem9.79millionEUR,di6.257.8911.1714.4515.10videdover1.36millionin1996,1.85millionin1997,and6.58millionin1998.**includingsubsidiesfortargetfinancingandreferencetasks.***annualsubsidy,withthedeductionof2.65millionEUR,becauseoftheintroductionofanewFlemishaccountingsystem.Thegeneraldistributionoftheexpenditureofthefundsovertheresearchactivities,arrangedinaccordancewiththeinternationallycustomaryclassificationinaccordancewithNABScodes,issummarisedinthetablebelowfortheyears1995-1999. chapterIV.4–204
(amounts in mln. EUR) 19951996199719981999 3. Environmental andenvironmentalcaremanagement 3.0General research13.3712.8512.1615.4916.64 3.1 Protectionoftheatmosphereandclimate 1.992.503.605.537.07 5. Production,distributionandtherationaluseofenergy 5.0General 5.6Rational5.5Sustainableresearch0.721.070.771.211.41energysources0.640.841.461.611.91useofenergy1.761.461.912.882.70 7.Industrialproductionandtechnology 7.0General 7.57.2Productionresearch0.871.141.931.491.19andprocesstechnology11.3010.9310.8310.499.20Productionofmotorvehicles/othermeansoftransport1.662.212.332.452.58 Totals 3+5+7 (expenditure) FlemishnottakeintoaccounttheextraordinaryinvestmentsmadewiththesupportofERDFandtheingtheperiod1995-1999,theincomefromcontractsincreased(figure1)by118%.Thisdidotherhand,thesubsidiesfortargetfinancingandreferencetasksoftheFlemishRegion.Dur-TheVITO’sownincomecomprises,ontheonehand,theincomefromcontracts,andonthe2.dinaryportionalallocationofthecostsforgeneraloperationandinfrastructure.However,theextraor-Theabovetableisbasedonthedirectcostsoftherespectiveresearchactivities,subjecttoapro-32.2133.0034.9941.1542.70investmentswereleftoutofconsideration.IncomefromcontractsRegion. Figure1 Union(+40%),subsidyprogrammesoftheEuropeanUnion(+68%),governmentincreaseintheownincomeisfoundforalltheclients:scientificprogrammesoftheEuropeanprovidesasummaryoftheownincomeachieved,dividedupintermsoforigin.The chapterIV.4–205
figure2 4. Scientific showninthegraphintificoutputincreasedby51%duringtheperiod1995-1999.Thisfavourableevolutionistificoutput.Intermsofthenumberofpublications,statementsandreports,theoverallscienFromthebeginningof1992,astartwasmadeonsystematicallyrecordingtheseformsofscienfidentialacquiredtoanimportantextentinreports(566in1999),ofwhichmorethan90%haveacontionatconferences,symposiaandstudydays.Inaddition,VITOrecordstheknowledgethatiscleinpublicationsin(inter)nationalscientificandacademicjournalsandthroughitsdisseminaistheresultofcontractresearch.Non-confidentialknowledgeismadeavailabletoabroadercirPartofthisgenerationofknowledgeistheresultofthestrategicresearchprogramme,andpartKnowledgeisVITO’smostimportantproduct,andformsthebasisforcontinuousgrowth.reputationcharacter(inconnectionwithcontractresearch). figure3.VITO’sscientificreputationandrecognitionisalsoapparent chapterIV.4–206
levelsby114employees(+34%);since1995,theincreaseisalmost22%.Thisevolutioninstaffingworkingontheirdoctoralthesis.Sinceitsestablishmentin1992,staffinglevelshaveincreasedAttheendof1999,VITO’spersonnelincreasedto462,viz.,447employeesand15assistantsoftheorganisationisadjusted.Inthenewperspective,thefocuswillcontinuetobeonthecentresmanagementagreementfortheperiod2000-2004,themissionandstrategyareupdated,andexpertise,eachwithsufficientcriticalmassofpersonnelandfunds.ForthepreparationofanewForthispurpose,theorganisationoftheresearchwasconcentratedin1995ontencentresofproach.itisalsoimportantthattheemployeescombineexpertiseandqualitywithaclient-orientedapandavailabilityareofcentralimportance.Inamarket-orientedresearchinstitutesuchasVITO,edgearethekeyfactorsforsuccess.Thismeansthatouremployeesandtheirskills,knowledgeIntoday’sandtomorrow’sinnovation-drivenworld,knowledgeandthegenerationofknowl3.income,largestclient;duringtheperiodunderconsideration,therewasagrowthof84%.Forindustrial(+118%),industry(+224%),andmiscellaneous(+33%).TheGovernmentofFlandersistheapproximately15%comesfromcompaniesoutsideFlanders.Organisationandpersonneldevelopmentexpertise.andqualificationsispresentedin
1994foraperiodoffiveyears,formedanimportantguidelineandincentiveinthisrespect.ItThefirstmanagementagreement,whichwasconcludedwiththeFlemishRegionattheendoffocus),1995-1999,theoutlineofitsactivitiesovertheyears,(withastrongscientific,inward-lookingtuteisalsorecognisedasatechnologicalresearchcentreinternationally.DuringtheperiodVITOdevelopedasafullpartnerofgovernmentandindustry,andthatinaddition,theInstiTheReportincludedbelow(withthemainemphasisonthe1999workingyear)revealsthatyearstailedinformationaboutVITO’sachievementscanbefoundintheScientificReportsfortheThekeytasksofthetencentresofexpertisearedescribedingreaterdetailinthissection.DeSummaryNumberandThetablebelowoutlinestheannualdevelopmentoftheinternationalpatentstobesubmittedfabricismuchmorethetransferofcustom-madeknow-how,andmuchlessamatterofpatents.terall,thecatalystforthediffusionofknowledgeandtechnologytotheFlemishindustrialsearchfocusedonindustry,althoughthisshouldbeinterpretedwithsomecircumspection.Af-Finally,referencecanalsobemadetothenumberofpatentsasanindicationofthequalityofre-evolutionmakethemaximumpossibleuseofdevelopments,whichtake,placeelsewhere.ThepositivetheseisaperfectopportunityforVITOtoincreasethecriticalmassofitsownresearchandfromitsparticipationinvariousEuropeanscientificprogrammes.Itsactiveparticipationinisalsoreflectedintheincreaseintheincomerelatedtothis.granted.ofinternationalpatents:19951996199719981999GrantedSubmitted2356244857ofthefieldsofVITO’sresearchactivities1995-1999.Thesepublicationscanberequestedfreeofcharge.wasfurtherchangedtoamoremarket-orientedandbusinesslikeresearchinstitute.
chapterIV.4–207
Coldheatstorage
ergyaspossible,theplantwasalsofittedwithphotovoltaicpanelsandademonstrationoflowendium-sizedbusinessesinthisproject(withERDFsubsidy).InordertocarrythisoutasfullyDemonstrationsessionsonlowenergybuildingtechniquesarecarriedoutforsmallandmeItequipmentupto400kW(boilers,combinedheatandpowersolarboilersandheatpumps).Athermotechnicallaboratorywasbuiltinordertodevelopandtestvarioustypesofheatingwasbuiltandcompletelyinstalledin1999.lighting.
chapterIV.4–208
• Capacity electronics
RationalUseofEnergy
forfromcombinedheatandpowerinthesubsoil.Adevelopmentlastingfouryearsisplannedturestorageinthesoil.Thisconcernsthestorageofheat(upto80ºC)fromsolarenergyorIn2000,VITOismakingastartonthedevelopmentofrelatedtechnology:hightemperaestablishedableenergyisnowreadyforthemarket.Thereforeitwillbetransferredin2000toanewlymaking,andanotherfiveinpreparation.Theconclusionisclear:thistechnologyforrenew-tion,threeprojectsinthecompletionstage,anotherthreeinanadvancedstageofdecision-market.Thisresultedinthefollowingawardsattheendof1999:twoprogrammesinopera-Asisusualfornewtechnologies,itwasfirstnecessarytohaveastageofacceptancebytheneanlayerscontainingwaterinFlanders,andhascarriedoutfeasibilitystudiesinthisfield.Inthelastfouryears,VITOhaspromotedthetechnologyofcoldheatstorageinsubterra-company.thefirststageinaninternationalcontext(5thEuropeanFrameworkProgramme).
ityexpertiseinrecentyearshavebeentechnologicaldevelopmentssuchascoldheatstorage,capacequipmentconstructors,andofgovernment.Thethreemostimportanttasksofthiscentreofogy.Thissupportstheeffortsoftheenergysuppliersthemselves,ofthefinalusers,ofingoutinformation,promotionandevaluationprogrammesinthefieldoflowenergytechnol(REG),isdevelopingtechnologiesandcarryelectronicsandtheoptimalisationoffurnaces.•
• The thermotechnical laboratory
Thecentreofexpertise,plainedcessevaluation(PPE).Theirkeytasksandmainachievements/prospectiveactivitiesareexVITO:therationaluseofenergy(REG),traffic&environment(V&M)andproductandproInthebroadresearchfieldconcernedwith‘energy’,therearethreecentresofexpertiseactivein1.ness.oftheprojectportfolio,onthebasisofastrategyfocusingonrelevance,qualityandeffectivementsofthetargetgroups.Obviouslythisimpliedathroughreorganisationandstrengtheningclearthattheactivitiesshouldcorrespondascloselyaspossibletotheinterestsandrequireadditionalfinancialfundsforconsolidationandfurthergrowth.Inordertoachievethis,itisguaranteesastablebasicsubsidy,butobligesVITOtoincreasinglytakeresponsibilityitselfforAsimilarapproachisanticipatedfortheperiod2000-2004.ENERGYresearchfieldinfurtherdetail.
networkmercially.Currentlytherearestrategicdevelopmentsinthefieldoftheuseofdaylight,andlaywasdevelopedformobilecurrentswithoutazeroearth.Thisisalsobeingproducedcomlamps(includingmetalhalidelamps).Inaddition,aninsulationsafeguardandprotectionreFollowingthis,VITOisdevelopingnewballastsforhighercapacities,andothertypesoflastssuccessfullycompletedin1999.Astarthasnowbeenmadeontheproductionofthesebalenergy,theyalsohaveotheradvantages.Thisproject,undertheEUREKAheading,wasergyelectronicballastsweredesignedforhighintensitysodiumlamps.ApartfromsavingIntheELGADIproject,(Electronicballastforhighintensitygasdischargelamps),lowenonacommercialbasis.connections.
sumptioncentlycommissionedadatabanktocontainallthenewcarsinEuropeandtheirfuelcon-thissiteopened,italreadyhad25,000visitors.Furthermore,theEuropeanCommissionre-ment”.TheBelgiandatabankon“caruse”wasdrawnupingreaterdetail,andoneyearaftertransportsessionsoftheinternationalconferenceon“TechnologiesforaCleanEnvironvehicletechnologies.AttherequestoftheEuropeanCommission,VITOorganisedtheAnimportantroleisalsoplayedintheinternationaldiscussionsontheintroductionofnewstatetion,thebrochure,“Alternativeenginefuelsandstartingsystems”,summarisedthecurrentmentalexperience.Thusknowledgeismadeaccessibleatvariousinformationdays.Inaddiinformationtosupportthis.VITOmakesthisavailable,togetherwithapackageofexperiwouldlikevehiclestomakeuseofalternativefuelsandtractionsystems.TheyneedobjectiveOnthebasisofaconcernfortheenvironment,localgovernmentsandownersoffleetsofcarsofaffairs.andCO2emissions. breakthrough for VOEM
whichprojectswerecommissionedinthecontextofthefifthEuropeanFrameworkProgramme,inemissionsandenergyusedbyvehicles,incooperationwithTNO.Inaddition,tworesearchwascommissionedbytheDutchgovernmenttoexaminetheeffectsoftrafficjamsontheabroadalsoturnedtoVITOforenergyandemissionmeasurements.Forexample,VITOmanufacturersandfuelproducersfortheevaluationoftheirnewproducts.BuscompaniesvelopedbyVITOitself.Themeasurementsystemwasusedbylargeinternationalvehiclementcampaigns.VOEMisthe“emissionandenergymeasurementsystemontheroad”,de-Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasignificantriseintheforeigndemandforVOEMmeasure-theVOEMsystemwillplayasubstantialrole.
Thecentreofexpertise,thecoveredondifferenttypesofroads,thesurvivalcurvesandthedistributionofvehiclesoverofcars,themobilitydemand,thedistancecoveredpervehicle,thedistributionofkilometresuatethescenarios.Forexample,itispossibletosimulatetheperiodofcalculation,thefleetandhighdegreeofdetail.Bycombiningthevarioustablesofdata,itwillbepossibletoevalportstrategies,examiningdifferentpolicyscenarios.Thegreatadvantagesaretheflexibilityintermsofqualityandquantity.Thiscalculatesthehistoricalandfutureemissionsoftransandenvironmentalproblems.Anewmodel(TEMAT)wasdevelopedtosupportthisadviceInaddition,VITOgivespolicyadvicetoseveralregionalandfederalgovernmentsontrafficdifferentemissionnorms.
ProductandProcessEvaluation generalstrategies,andoptimalisationofprocessesandtheevaluationoftechnologicaldevelopmentsinelectronicdistributionofenergyandenvironmentalinformation(EMIS),emissionreductionriesoutresearchinthefieldsoflifecycleanalysis(LCA),bestavailabletechniques(BBT),theinspecificsituations.Usingtheconceptofsustainabledevelopmentasaguideline,VITOcartheirattemptstoachieveapermanentmanagementoftheenvironmentanditsimplementationmental,energyorsocialpointofview.Theevaluationshelpbothindustryandgovernmentintalevaluationmethodsforproducts,processesandtechniques.Thisisdonefromtheenviron(PPE)developsandimplementsto(TechnologyAssessment). chapterIV.4–209
• The development of an emission model for the transport sector
The
• International
developmentofnewinstruments,anddevotedspecialattentiontothequalitycontrolofitssysstepforwardintermsofinternationalrecognition.Inaddition,VITOconstantlyinvestsintheimpactofnewvehicleandfueltechnologiesonroadtraffic.In1999,therewasanimportantInthecentreofexpertise,Traffic&Environment(V&M),VITOevaluatestheenvironmentalheatmentofadetectionsystemforboilers,relatedtoheatbufferingandincorporationofminiFrom2000,astartwillbemadeonvariousdevelopmentprojects,includingthedevelopexchange.tems.TheE2tracktestbankforpowertrainsandcomponents,andtheVOEMmeasurementsystemswerethemostimportantadvantagesfortheindustrialactivities.• introduction of new vehicle technologies
• Eco-design and long-term technological development
• Emissions of greenhouse gases
developmentforeco-design.Themodel“Eco-designQuickScan”,developedbyVITO,esgrowth.ThistechnologyalsoformsanexcellentbasisforenvironmentallyfocusedproductImprovingtheenvironmentalperformanceofproductsisoneoftheLCA’smainareasoftimatestheeco-designpotentialforvariousdifferentbusinesses.Theprojectgroup’saimistoimplementeco-designasthebasicphilosophyinthedesignworld.VITOwasalsoinvolvedintheinventoryandanalysisofeco-designinEurope.Amongstotherthings,thisrevealedalackofspecificFlemishpracticalexamples.Tocounterthis,VITOnowworkstogetherwiththeVDABonaEuropeanLifedemonstrationproject,whichwillbeconcludedatthebeginningof2002,underthesupervisionoftheGOMWestFlanders.
startingpointforaproposalforsectoralemissionnormsforSOonthebasisofcalciumcarbonateadsorptionandathermalafterburner.Thiswasalsotheusedforprocessing.AstudyontheclayprocessingindustryproposedfluegaspurificationForfrozenvegetablefirms,referencevalueswereproposedfortheeconomicuseofwaterchargesfirms,theBBTanalysiscoulddemonstratethattherespectiveVLAREMIInormsfordissultationwiththeGovernmentofFlanders.ForlargelaundriesandvegetableprocessingTheBBTcentreofexpertisewascommissionedtocarryoutanumberofnewstudiesinconintosurfacewaterscorrespondtotheBBTprinciple.x,HF,HCl,dustparticlesandVOS.Forpetrolstations,adraftoftheVLAREMregulationswasdrawnupfortherecoveryofpetrolfumesreleasedwhenfillingupvehicles.FortheprocessingofwasteaBBTwasintro-ducedfortheconversionofwasteoiltonewlubricatingoil,anditsuseasareducingagentorsupportingfuelinfurnaces,butalsofortheincinerationofwasteandforuseincementfur-naces.DuringthecourseoftheyearthenumberofvisitorstotheEMISwebsite(www.emis.vito.be)increasedsteadilyto15,000permonth.Thesitewasextendedwithtwolargedatabanks.Ontheonehand,themostimportantFlemishenvironmentaldocumentcentresmaketheircataloguesavailableinajointdatabank,whileontheotherhand,adatabankwascreatedincooperationwithBECO,Infomil(NL),andOVAM,inwhichsmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesandprivateindividualscanfindpracticalmeasuresrelatedtothepreventionofwastesandemissions. trialemissions”,commissionedbythePublicEnvironmentalAgencyofFlanders(VMM).FlemishemissioninventoryoftheVMM–aspartoftheproject,“Collectiverecordsofindusthings,toestimatetheemissionsofcombustionprocesses–whicharestilllackingintheNevertheless,theyarestill9%higherthanin1990.Thesefigureswereused,amongstothersultsofthisbalanceleadtothequantificationofCOexpertisewasalsousedfortheannual“EnergybalanceinFlanders”.Ontheonehand,therevariousstudiescommissioned,interalia,bytheFlemishandfederalgovernments.VITO’somy.ThereforethecosteffectivenessofCOsion.Moreover,combatingthegreenhouseeffecthasafundamentalimpactonoureconThegreenhouseeffectis,aboveall,aworldwideproblemwithacomplexpoliticaldimen2reductionstrategieswasacentralfactorin2emissionsinFlanders,whileontheotherhand,theyformthebasisforotherstudiesinsupportofpolicy.Theanalysisshowedthatin1997,theenergyconsumptionincreasedinFlandersby18%,comparedwith1990,whileCO2emissionsincreasedlessrapidly,becauseoftheincreasingshareofnaturalgas.
• Pinch analysis for minimising the use of water and energy optimalisingcostswithinterventionsinthewaterorenergynetwork.BecauseoftheinApinchanalysisfortheuseofwaterandenergyprovidesasystematicapproachto chapterIV.4–210
• BBT/EMIS (best available techniques and energy and environment information)
• Controlofsoilstudies soilcognisedlaboratories.Randomtestswere(andare)carriedoutonorientinganddescriptiveforthequalitycontroloftheserviceofboththerecognisedsoilcleaningexperts,andthereoutisextremelyimportantforanefficientcleaningpolicy.VITOwasappointedbyOVAMexpertrecognisedbyOVAM.Obviouslythequalityofthesoilexaminationthatiscarriedobligedtohaveanexaminationofthesoilcarriedout.Forthis,theycangotoasoilcleaningcausedsoilpollution,orprivateindividualswhowishtosellapieceofland,areinsomecasesSince1995,theSoilCleaningDecreehasbeeninforceinFlanders.Companies,whichexaminationsindicatedbyOVAM.
2. Research
tractiveindustry).Inrecentyears,VITOwasabletodemonstratesignificantandeconomicallyatindustryandoptimalisingtheuseofenergyinenergy-intensivesectors(suchasthechemicalinsavingwater.Thereisparticularlyademandforoptimalisingtheuseofwaterinthefoodcreasesintaxesonwastewaterandgroundwater,companiesarealsoincreasinglyinterestedsavingsineveryproject. field
chapterIV.4–211
Structural
VITO:environmentaldiagnostics(DIA),teledetectionandatmosphericprocesses(TAP),enInthebroadresearchfieldonthe“environment”,therearefourcentresofexpertiseactiveinENVIRONMENTvironmentaltoxicology(TOX),andenvironmentaltechnology(MIT).Theirkeytasksandmainachievements/prospectiveactivitiesareoutlinedingreaterdetailbelow.The of dioxins
EnvironmentalDiagnostics ratories,andmeasurementsinFlanders.Thisinformationisavailabletogovernments,commerciallabotechniques.Inthisrespect,VITOservesasareferencelaboratoryforenvironmentalanalysesments,butaboveall,onthedevelopmentandvalidationofspecialistmeasurementandanalysisandanalysisofenvironmentalpollution.Theemphasisisnotsomuchonroutinemeasure(DIA)centreofexpertiseconcentratesonthemeasurementandindustry.• The analytical support
betweenpectsoftheprobleminrelationtotheEuropeanUnion(patternrecognition,relationshipalsosupportedthefederalauthoritiesatalltimes,withallsortsofadviceontheanalysisas-MS),VITOwasassignedtheroleofreferencelaboratoryduringthecrisis.Inaddition,itBecauseofitsbroadexperienceandsuperiorqualityguarantee(e.g.,isotopedilutionGC-ofmonitoringthedioxinconcentrationsincow’smilk,commissionedbythefederalMinistriesitsknowledgeondioxinandPCBanalyses.Thiswasnotadifficulttask.FollowingyearsofVITOwasorderedbythecompetentauthoritiestogiveurgentprioritytomakingavailableimportanceoftheseactivitiesduringtherecentdioxincrisis.Whenthecrisisoccurred,nologyreadiness),VITOamplydemonstratedtotheoutsideworldthesocialandeconomicWiththedirectapplicationoftheavailableknowledge,experienceandinfrastructure(tech-AgricultureandPublicHealth,VITOhadbuiltupagreatdealofexpertise.dioxins/PCBs,designofnormalisedPCBprocedure…).
• analysis of recognition
soot for source
themakesitpossible,forexample,toclearlydistinguishdieselsootfromothersootparticlesindividualparticleanalysisandadvancedelectron-microscopictechniqueswereused,whichbetweenthestructuralcharacteristicsofsootparticlesandtheirorigin.Forthispurpose,incontextofthecooperationwithuniversities.TheaimwastodemonstratetherelationshipRecently,researchwascompletedforadoctorateintothestructuralanalysisofsoot,intheextremelyveryfinedimensions(0.01-2µm),theirstructureandtheirpotentialtoabsorbthousandsofsoot.Sootparticlescanhaveimportantconsequencesforhealth.Thecauseofthisistheircognisedasasignificantproblem.Oneofthemostrelevant,butleastwell-knownaerosols,isTheproblemoftheuseoffineaerosolsfortheatmospherehasonlyreallybeenrecentlyrediversesubstances.atmosphere.
landtionofcropsinmixedpixels.VITOalsocarriedoutvariousstudiesfortheclassificationofcrop-specific,andadoptstechniquesofspectralseparationinordertoderivethecomposiworkedoutanddemonstratedforfollowingupagriculturalproduction.ThemethodisFix)withtheuseofsatelliteimagesandcomputermodels.AcomparableapproachwasVITOdevelopedamethodtoestimatetheamountofcarbondioxidefixedbyvegetation(C-useinAfrica. imagecontrol,developedtheexploitationschedule,andisnowresponsiblefortheexploitationandwillbeoperationalin2002.In1999,VITOdesignedthesystemsforcalibrationandqualityexperimentallyinanaeroplane.Itispreparingforitssubsequentapplicationinspace.APEXhyperspectralimage-makingspectrometer,APEX.ThisspectrometeriscurrentlybeingusedIncooperationwithaSwisspartner,VITOstartedin1999onthedevelopmentoftheprocessing. method for landscape analysis nearmosphericdispersionanddepositmodels.Therewillbeconcreteapplicationsintheveryspatialprecision.Thistechniquedramaticallyimprovesthequalityofthedataenteredforatbuilt-upareas)withanimpactondepositsofpollutants,weremappedwithahighdegreeoftheunevennessinthelandscape.ForFlanders,structurallandscapeelements(forestborders,TheInstitutehasdevelopedanewmethodwhichlinksthetextureofradarimagesdirectlytofuture.
• Inter-laboratory comparison for analyses ThebytheVLM(PublicLandAgencyofFlanders)tovalidatetherecommendeduniformanalygroundandsurfacewater,andartificialfertilisers.Inthepastyear,VITOwascommissionedPlan).Theseanalysesnotonlyconcernthefertiliseritself,butalsothesoil,animalfeeds,systematicallyfollowedupinthecontextoftheFertiliserDecree(andtheFertiliserActionAnalysesontheevaluationofthepossibleenvironmentalimpactofover-fertilisationarealsothereforeVITOisactiveinvirtuallyallthemeasurementsandanalysesrelatedtotheenvironment,andorganisesandparticipatesinseveralinter-laboratorycampaigns.sismethods,andorganiseacomparativeringtest.Thelaboratoriesconcernedweregivenanopportunitytoprovetheiranalyticalcompetenceandgainrecognition.Altogether,15laboratorieswererecognised.ThemethodsofanalysisthatwerevalidatedandrecommendedareaccessibletoanyoneontheVITOwebsite. TeledetectionandAtmosphericProcesses ofandtechniquesforfollowingupterrestrialandatmosphericprocesses.Todothis,itmakesuse(TAP)centreofexpertisedevelopsmethodscomputermodelsandteledetection.• Images from space detectionprogrammingandartificialintelligencewereusedtosolvespecificproblemsrelatedtothesnow,clouds,andcloudshadowweredevelopedandtested.Techniquesofevolutionaryimprovementoftheimageprocessingsoftware.In1999,thealgorithmsforthedetectionofDuringthedevelopmentofthesecondVEGETATIONsystem,VITOisresponsibleforthegreatThiscorrespondstoavolumeofapproximately200timesthetotalsurfaceoftheearth.TheIn1999,morethan12,000VEGETATIONproductsweremadeavailabletoend-users.TheSPOTVEGETATIONsatelliteimages.Thenominalproductionstartedon1March1999.InthecontextofamultilateralEuropeanprogramme,VITOleadsthetotalproductionofVEGETATIONcataloguewasmadeavailabletothepublicstraightaway.majorityoftheseproductswereplacedonCD-ROMforascientificpublic.ofcloudsandsnowinsatelliteimages. • Mapping vegetation
chapterIV.4–212
• New
• Hyperspectral image-forming spectrometer
Health problems and their environmental cause
conductionfields(EMF),asgeneratedbycomputerequipment,andfurniturewithspecificelectricaloftheVITOresearchitisassumedthatthecauseliesinthecombinationofelectromagneticatedbycomputerequipmentanddifferentsortsofcablingwererelatedtoL.s.Onthebasiswithrecentoradaptedcomputerequipment.Forthefirsttime,electromagneticfieldsgenerItwasstrikingthatthesymptomsappearedinnewbuildingswithnewfurnishings,oftentoms.wherecasesofL.s.havebeenfound.Lesionsintheelbowandstomachareadditionalsymp-werediscoveredintwolargeBelgiancompanies.TherearenowmanyothercompaniesfiftycasesofL.s.hadbeendescribedworldwide.However,recentlyhundredsofnewcaseswide),whichareusuallysymmetricalandfoundonboththighs.Untilrecently,onlyaboutcompanies.Thisisararecondition,characterisedbysemicircularindentations(causeofLipoatrophiasemicircularis(L.s.),i.e.,ribbedthighsintheemployeesofseveralTheEnvironmentalToxicologyCentreofExpertiseidentifiedelectromagneticfieldsasthe2–4cmproperties
Inthetions,bothinsituandinstandardisedlaboratoryconditions.measuringtheinfluenceoftheseconcentrationsonthereproductivesuccessoffishpopulashowedtheusefulnessofthebiotests,whichwereapplied.Thefollowingchallengeconsistsoffacewaters,whichserveasasourceofdrinkingwater(commissionedbytheSVW).Thisstudytrogenactivityin8Flemishrivers,4effluentsofsewagewaterpurificationplants,and4surhormonereceptor).Theusefulnessoftwoinvitrocellulartestswasevaluatedbytracingoeswhichrespondspecificallytosubstanceswithaparticularoperatingmechanism(includingtheenvironmentalmatrixeswithchemicalanalyticalmethods.Thereforebiologicaltestsareused,isnotfeasibletotracethesecompoundsandthelargeamountofoestrogenactivityincomplexnaturalfemalehormone.Becauseofthelargenumberandthediversityofthesesubstances,itbutalsoplanthormones,synthetichormones,suchasthepill,andversionsderivedfromthemalehormone,17oestradiol.Thesearenotonlypesticides,PCBs,phtalatesandalkylphenols,Variouschemicals,whicharefoundinwater,appeartointerferewiththereceptorofthefe morethanaslogan.Morethan50%oftheindustrialcommissionsinthiscentreofexpertisecentreofexpertise(MIT),the“sustainableuseofwater”is
• Models of the atmosphere policyrelatedtoacidification,fertilisationandozone.In1999,thelocalairqualitywasevalSeveraldifferentmodelsoftheatmospherearefrequentlyappliedforstudiesinsupportofuatedwithregardtonuisancecausedbyodours,leadcontentsanddioxins.VITOalsomadesignificantprogressinthedevelopmentandimprovementoftheAURORAmodelfortheevaluationofurbanairquality,theregionalEUROSmodelinsupportofthefederalozonepolicy,andtheozonepredictionmodel,SMOGSTOP.WiththefirstprototypeofAURORA,ittookpartinaninternationalcomparativeexercise,basedonmodelsoftheairqualityinthe Podbielski Theandgenericozonepredictionwhichwillsoonbeappliedonalargerscale.addedanewtechniqueformodels,basedonneuralnetworks.ThisresultedinamorerobustStreetinHanover.SMOGSTOPachievedverygoodresults.VITO EnvironmentalToxicology practices,cordancewiththestrict,internationallyrecognisedqualityconditionsof“goodlaboratorypollutiononorganismsinthewaterandinthesoil.Alltheecotoxicitytestsarecarriedoutinacwithhormones,insurfaceandwastewater.Studieswerealsocarriedoutontheeffectofthisusedwhichmakeitpossibletotracecarcinogenicsubstancesandsubstanceswhichinterferecells.Inordertoassesstheenvironmentalrisksmoreaccurately,biologicaltestsystemswerethings,theeffectsofdieselparticlesonthecellsinairpassagesandofweedkillersonimmunementalpollutantsonmanandvariousecosystems.Inrecentyearsithasstudied,amongstothercentreofexpertise(TOX)evaluatestheeffectsofenviron(GLP)”.•
EnvironmentalTechnology
chapterIV.4–213
• Substancesinoursurfacewaterwhichaffecthormones
situthoritiesandindustrytomakethecorrecttechnicalchoicesandimplementthedesignofinattenuation),numerousfeasibilitytestshavebeendrawnup.ThesetestswillenabletheaudertoimplementthistechnologyinFlanders(permeablewalls,reactivezonesandnaturalpollutantsfromcontaminatingfuturedrinkingwaterreserves,evenwithoutpumping.InorNewinsitupurificationtechnologyforgroundwatermeansthatitispossibletopreventnancelinkwithmembranefiltrationsystemshavegreatadvantagesinthelongtermforthemaintethoroughbiologicaldegradingprocessisrequired.Thefirstpositiveresultsrevealthatthealsoimportanttoavoidhighlyrecalcitrantmicropollutantsfrombuildingupinwater.Alinkingthebiologicalwaterpurificationsystemtoamembranefiltrationunit.However,itisantsandguaranteehygienicquality.Inthiscontext,membranereactorsareveryimportant,rifiedeffluents.Anewpurificationsystemwillhavetobedevelopedtoremovemicro-pollutTheincreasingdemandforrecyclingwaterimposesveryhighdemandsonthequalityofpuofspecificmicroorganismsinthetreatmentofwastewater.purificationplantsinanexpertwayinprojectsinBelgiumandabroad. cleaning sewerage,proveditsworthwithregardtothetreatmentofwaste.Infact,itcanalsobeusedtotreatity,wereandarebeingansweredforgovernmentandindustry.Inaddition,theplanthasalsooutonalargescale,andquestionsconcerningmassbalance,economicandtechnicalfeasibilWiththeuseofapilotplantforsoilcleaning(PILBO),soilcleaningtestscouldbecarriedway.itcouldprovideaquickandaccurateansweronmetalbioavailabilityonsoilcleanedinthisandbiologicaltestsystems,theBIOMETbiosensor(developedinhouse)demonstratedthatcompleterecoveryofthebiotope(phytostabilisation).Inadditiontothevariouschemicaltheseadditives,soilwhichwasbiologicallyvirtuallydeadcouldbereplanted,resultinginanisedasthebestavailabletechnologyforsoilcontaminatedwithmetals.Furthermore,withsoilresultedinthecompleteimmobilisationofheavymetals,andcouldthereforeberecog-indetailincooperationwiththeLUCandOVAM.Themixtureofcertainadditivesinthenologyusedforcleaningisofteninadequate.Alternativemethodsweredrawnupandtestedwithheavymetals.Asthesurfaceareatobecleanedisoftenverylarge,thetraditionaltech-Inthepast,theactivitiesofthenon-ferrousindustryhaveledtowidespreadsoilpollutiondredgingsilt,householdwasteandevensolidindustrialwasteetc. largerbasis.In1999,VITOsupportedmorethan45smallandmedium-sizedbusinessand20businessesforinnovativetechnologytotackletheirenvironmentalproblemsonapermanentThereisanincreasingdemandinmanylargeindustriesandFlemishsmallandmedium-sizedsignedInadditiontoapilotschemeforwaterpurificationandsoilcleaning,aplantwasalsodementally-friendlyminimumofresourcesandcosts.VITO’spromotionanddemonstrationcentreforenvironEverycompanywishestosolveitsenvironmentalproblemsquicklyandpermanently,withatechnologies(Prodem)canhelptoachievethis.andbuilttotreatemissionsofgasesandodours.businessesintheirattemptsatrenovationorinnovationinthisfield.
• Soil
sitution.ThereforeVITOdevelopednumerousfeasibilitytestsfornewtechnology,forboththeinthesoilisnecessarytosafeguardthegroundwaterreservesofthefutureagainstchemicalpollucharged.Therecyclingofwaterisacentralissueinthesearchfornewdevelopments.Cleaningconcernareductionintheconsumptionofwaterandimprovingthequalityofwaterthatisdisandtheonsitetreatmentofgroundwater.•
• Answers to environmental questions
Cleaning waste water
chapterIV.4–214
• Supervision of small and medium-sized businesses in material technology systems,characterisationandevaluationofalternativematerials,andimprovementsinproductionnesses.Theserangefromthepreventionofwearandtearontoolsandmachineparts,tothesizedbusinesses,bilateralprojectsweresetupinrelationtospecificrequestsfromthesebusimaterials,eitherinproductsorinproductionprocesses.Withabout20smallandmedium-anumberofinformationsessions,thebusinessesareinformedaboutthepossibilitiesofnewgionofTournaiwithregardtoinnovationinthefieldofrawmaterials(IBEMAproject).InopmentFundfor(ERDF),whichencouragessmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesinthere-Since1998,aprojecthasbeencarriedoutwithfundingfromtheEuropeanRegionalDevel-basedonanewapproachwhichtakesmaterialsintoaccount. • VITO
Atmospheric plasma treatment onsol-gelmaterialsandthepolymerisationofsurfacelayers.Finally,astartwasmadein1999sis,itwasdemonstratedthatsomeplasmasareagoodalternative,forexample,tohardeningthatplasmacharacteristicsarestronglydependentonthecompositionofthegas.Onthisba-Inaddition,agreatdealofattentionisdevotedtotheanalysisofplasmas.Itwasapparentplasmapracticalandeconomicallyviable.VITOrespondstothisdemandwiththedevelopmentoffaces,andtreatingthemwiththincoatings.Ontheotherhand,theseprocessesmustremainmeansthatincreasinglyhighdemandsareimposedoncleaning,processingandcoatingsurThecomplexityofmaterialsinmodernproductionprocessesisconstantlyincreasing.Thisprocessesunderatmosphericpressure,projectssuchasthetreatmentoftextilesandgrowingcomplexpolymerlayers. Laser Centre fromthicknessesofafewmicrometrestotensofmillimetrescanbetreatedonvariousmaterials,withtraditionaltechnology.Currently,thepossibilitiesoflaserweldingarefairlyextensive:ingthelaserrays)makesitpossibletocladorhardencomponents,whichareinaccessibletionoflayersthatareresistanttowearandtear.Adiodelaser(withglassfibrefortransportInaddition,thisinfrastructureisusedforthedevelopmentoflasercladdingandtheapplicastudiesoflasers,withacapacityofafew100Wto20kWisusedfordemonstrationsandfeasibilitythehelpoftheERDF,whichwillbefullyoperationalbytheendof2000.Thebroadrangenesses),auniqueandadvancedlasercentreisbeingdevelopedinthecentreofexpertise,withthebarrierstothistechnologyforFlemishbusinesses(mainlysmallandmedium-sizedbusiingcountries.Flandersisnot(yet)adequatelykeepingupwiththistrend.InordertoreduceTherehasbeenanenormousgrowthinlasertechnologyandlaserapplicationsinneighbourcommissionedbyindustry.metalstosyntheticmaterials.
• Choice of new materials VITO’sCentreforMaterialAdviceandAnalysis(CMA)givesadviceandmonitorsbusi chapterIV.4–215
MaterialTechnology businesses.atedwithmorethan80companies,includingmorethan20smallandmedium-sizedicaldevelopmentinFlandersinaEuropeancontext.In1999,thiscentreofexpertisecooperqualityanddevelopnewapplications.Thisisallinordertocontributetopermanenttechnologavailable.Thebasicobjectivesaretoextendthelivesofproductsandprocesses,improvetheirserapplications,ceramicmaterials,andpowdermetallurgyformthecoreoftheknowledgementinnovativematerialsandtheprocessesrelatedtotheminindustry.Surfacetechnology,la(MAT),istointroduceandimple•
Thetaskofthecentreofexpertise,tasksterialtechnology(MAT),processtechnology(PRO)andrawmaterials(GRO).TheircoreInVITO,therearethreecentresofexpertiseactiveinthebroadresearchfield,“materials”:maMATERIALSandmainachievements/prospectiveactivitiesareexplainedbelow.
3. Research field,
ProcessTechnology
Euromembrane 1999
Demonstration of membrane technology
mostogyandaluminiumsmeltingprocesses.Inaddition,VITOwasalsoaco-organiserofoneoftheforFlemishindustrytobecompetitive.Attentionisfocusedparticularlyonmembranetechnoltionofinnovativetechnologiesandtheoptimalisationofexistingprocesses,whichareessentialcentreofexpertise(PRO)aimstoachievethepermanentintroducimportantmembraneconferencesintheworld,“Euromembrane1999”.•
• Aluminium process technology
RawMaterials materialsisofcentralimportance.Thisisreflectedintasks,whichsupportpolicy,andindustrial(GRO)centreofexpertise,thesustainable(re)cyclingoruseofraw
chapterIV.4–216
•
Onmakingarealbreakthrough.ThisnotonlyappliesinEuropeasawhole,butalsoinFlanders.estfrombothindustryandtheacademicworld,areaclearsignthatmembranetechnologyisandmorethan320posterpresentations.Thesuccessofthisconference,andthegreatinterthan500participantsfrom42countries.Thescientificcontributionsconsistedof78lecturesUIA.Euromembrane’99tookplaceinLouvainfrom19-22September1999,withmoreresponsiblefortheorganisation,togetherwiththeCatholicUniversityofLouvainandtheIn1999,Belgiumhostedthe“EuropeanMembraneSociety”(EMS)Conference.VITOwasthebasisofmanyyearsofresearch,VITOhasbuiltupleadingexpertiseinthisfield.
FortheDüsseldorf.ingsodiumtoaluminiumcastalloys),andthisprototypewasintroducedattheGifaFairinIn1999,thedesignandconstructionofaprototypeoftheCOSMAunitwasfinalised(addsultednessestoimprovethequalityofthealuminiumsmeltingbyadaptingtheprocess.Thisreofsignificantinfluencesonthequalityofthemetal.Theinformationobtainedenablesbusinumberofexperimentaltests.Highlytechnologicalequipmentisusedtoexamineanumbercludedin1999.Infourbusinesses,thequalityofliquidaluminiumwasimprovedwithaThefirststageofthePROCIASproject(Processcontrolinaluminiumsmelting)wasconinanumberofinvestmentsinthebusinesses.Anadaptedindustrialtestmodelisnowbeingproduced.
thebusinesseshaveshownaninterestinrentingorpurchasingsuchcycles,orinthepurchaseofitself,onthebasisoftheavailableexpertiserelatedtomembraneprocesses.Moreandmoredurationtests.Threeyearsago,VITOdecidedtobuildandcomputerisemostofthesecyclestoryappliancesforthefirstscreeningtoextremelysophisticatedpilotinstallationsforonsiteAllthesedemotestsmakeuseofanextremelyvariedrangeoffiltrationcycles,fromlaborauctwater–andaproblemforwastewaterpurification–couldbeconvertedintoatwofoldprodthatthetreatedwatercouldberecycled.Water,whichhadpreviouslybeenclassifiedaswasteresidualproteinsinthisdrainagewatercouldbeconcentratedforfurtherprocessing,andmeansofawaterpinchanalysis.TheonsiteultrafiltrationexperimentsdemonstratedthattheForbusinessesinthefoodsector,acriticaldrainagewaterflowwasdetectedinadvancebyhighprocesses.Recoverypercentagesofover95%arerealistic,andthequalityoftheresultissomentof(drainage)water,aimedattherecoveryandimprovementofwaterusedinindustrialinrecentyears.Significantresultshavebeenachieved,particularlyinthefieldofthetreat-Theusefulandmultipurposeapplicationsofmembranetechnologyhavebeendemonstratedthatdirectrecyclingcanevenproducedrinkingwater.(waterandproteins)bymeansofmembranefiltration.monitoringsoftwareanddataacquisition(MEFIASsoftwarepackage).
Thewearcomponents(highorlowtemperatures,humidity,lubrication…)arewidelyusedbothforwearandtear.Themanydifferentpossibilitiesofsimulatingtherealconditionsofuseofmakematerialchoicesmorequicklyandeffectivelyinthecaseofproblemsoffrictionandnesseswithregardtomaterial-relatedproblems.Tribologicaltestingequipmentisusedtoandtearsimulations,andforabrasivenessmeasurements.
niquesthantheusualtraditionalprocesses.Inthenextfewyears,thesehighlytechnologicaltechtheadvantagethattheyareoftenmoreenvironmentallyfriendly,fasterandmoreefficienttraction,andsimilarly,liquidchromatographyandwateroxidation.Theseprocesseshavegas.Supercriticalliquidsformthebasisforthreeimportantprocesses:supercriticalliquidexscribedasaconditioninwhichthesubstancecombinesthepropertiesofbothaliquidandastateofasubstance,apartfromthesolid,liquidandgaseousstates.Itismostsimplydestudyandpossibleapplicationsofsupercriticalfluids.ThissupercriticalstateisthefourthIn1999,VITOstartedonthedevelopmentofaservicecentre,whichwillconcentrateonthewillbeincreasinglyinthepicture,andVITOaimstoplayaroleinthisfield.
chapterIV.4–217
Recycling mineral residues and waste andules.Inordertoachieveaprofitableandtechnicallyhighqualityofrecycling,ofbothplasterdisadvantagethatitlimitsthetechnicalapplicabilityofrecycledconstructionrubblegranPlasterwasteisanimportantwasteproductinbuildinganddemolitionwaste,buthastheofbiomassfuel.Inaddition,studieshavebeencarriedouttominimiseemissions,particularlybasisofanewpolicyontherecyclingoftimberwasteasarawmaterialorasahighcalorieoneofthelargestsourcesofwasteinFlanders.Apreliminarystudyandinventoryformstheindustrialtimberwasteandtimberwastefromthebuildinganddemolitionwastecircuitiscoursesofactionforrecycling.Withanannualproductionofapproximately800,000tons,Forspecificwastematerials,therehavebeengeneralstudiestolistandevaluatepossibledioxins,inindustrialburningoftimber.constructionrubblegranules,theremustbeaselectionatsource.
COmethanegasfromlayersofcoal,whichhavenotbeenmined,combinedwiththestorageofcludetheextractionofhotwaterandthesubterraneanstorageofgas.Theextractionofpotentialofreservoirminerals.Thesereservoirscanbeusedforvariouspurposes.Theyin-theKempensbasin.Inadditiontoimportantreservesofcoal,thisbasinalsocontainsalargeTheresearchinVITO’s“CentreofExpertiseonSubterraneanEnergySources”focuseson2inthesamelayers,couldheraldanewfutureforthecoalindustryinFlanders.Thisap-pliesallthemore,asthereisanincreasingdemandfornaturalgas,andtheKyotoConven-tionhasimposedrestrictionsonCO2emissions.Onthebasisofnewcalculations,itwaspossibletodefineanumberofinterestingareassuitableforfurtherexploration.VITOhasalsore-examinedthepotentialofgeothermicsourcesofenergyinFlanders.Forexample,theKempensbasinappearstocontainthegreatestconcentrationofdeepandshal-lowaquifersinFlanders(atdepthsfromseveralhundredmetresto1500m),whichcouldbesuitableforgeothermicreservoirs.
• Supercritical fluid technology
• Innovative uses of the deep subsoil in Flanders
fuelsoutspecificstudiesintopotentialinnovativeusesofthedeepersubsoilinFlanders,andoffossilterraneanEnergySourcescentreofexpertisewascommissionedbytheFlemishRegiontocarrycontractresearchwithregardtorecyclingandthereneweduseofresidues.Inaddition,theSubandrenewableenergysources.•
Chapter IV.5 Funding Institutions: FWO Flanders and IWT Flanders chapterIV.5 IV.5.a.Fund for Scientific Research (FWO)relatedonlybeattributedtotheupsanddownsofabottom-upapproach,whichisselectedonqualitydisciplinecodes.Inviewofthesmallnumbers,thefluctuationsobservedfromyeartoyearcanofenvironmentallyrelatedprojectsperyear,ortheirdistributionoverthevariousapplicableThereisnopointinafurtheranalysisofthedata,suchastheevolutionofthepercentagesharecostberofcurrentresearchprojectsappearstodeclinein1996becauseofthebudgettransferofthethenumberandcreditsforallthecurrentprojectsinthesameyear.ThesumofthetotalnumthesharethatthisresearchrepresentsinthetotalrangeofFWOprojects,thetablealsoshowsandthecreditsallocatedtotheseperyear,fortheyears1994-1999.InordertogiveanideaofThetablebelowcontainsasummaryofthenumberofcurrentenvironmentallyrelatedprojectsasConsequently,environmentalresearchmainlyfallsunderthecompetenceofotherinstitutions,cusedingmedicalsciences,humanitiesandsocialsciences.Itdoesnothavecreditlinesspecificallyfo-focusesonresearchaimedattheacquisitionofnewknowledgeineveryfieldofscienceinclud-searchatFlemishuniversitiesandinstitutesforscientificresearch.TheFWOFlandersthereforeTheFundforScientificResearchFlanders(FWOFlanders)subsidisesthefundamentalreFlandersonparticularscientificdisciplines.itfrequentlyconcernsappliedresearchinpreparationandsupportofpolicy.priceofthepermanentmandatestothebudgetitem“Mandates”.criteria.Thereforeitcannotindicateanysignificanttrends. chapterIV.5–219 Num.199419951996199719981999proj.Cre-ditsNum.proj.Cre-ditsNum.proj.Cre-ditsNum.proj.Cre-ditsNum.proj.Cre-ditsNum.proj.Cre-dits projectsenvironmenttalyrelatedCurrentlyinmillionEUR 260.95341.90432.57331.53341.86382.06 Total number of current research in million EUR 67948.0054252.0073240.6365041.5970749.3469848.91
IV.5.b.InstituteforthepromotionofInnovationbyScienceandTechnologyinFlanders(IWT-Vlaanderen) SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PROJECT-BASED RESEARCH BY COMPANIES Outlining the analysis Sustainable development in research and development projects Sustainabledevelopment scription,thecontextoftheVLIET,aswellas95projectsforwhichitispossibletousethegeneraldealsocomprisesthe30above-mentionedprojectsinthecontextoftheVLIM,and51projectsinronmentrelatedprojectstobesupported,whichhavebeenorarebeingcarriedout.ThislistFollowingthecombinationofthevariouscodes,thisresultsin176differentEnergy&EnviInnovationeas,andontheotherhand,anallocationofatechnologycodeusingtheTIIcodes(Technologythetechnologicalactivities.Ontheonehand,thereisaclassificationintosixsciencesubjectarincludingthesubjectcode(s)andthetechnologycode(s).ThesebothrelatetothecontentofAnyprojectproposalpresentedtotheIWTforevaluationisgivenseveralcodesforinternaluse,Drawingtivesingtheperiod1997-1999(environment,workingconditions,safety,health,orotherobjec-practice,approximately20%oftheprojectsweretocontributetosustainabledevelopmentdur-otherthings,intermsoftheircontributiontosustainabledevelopment.Onthebasisofthispreparationforanewfundingdecision,projectsareevaluatedbywayofpractice,amongsttotheproject,withthecontributionoftechnologyassessment”(Art.12,7°andArt.13,3°).In30.01.1992).Thisincludesthe“technical,economic,ecologicalandsocialadvantagesrelatedberofcriteria,summarisedinthe“FIOVDecision”of23October1991(BelgianOff.Gaz.,Duringtheevaluation,alltheresearchanddevelopmentprojectsareevaluatedagainstanum-1992,Thisdoesnotincludeallthe68VLIMprojects,butonlythe30projectsdatingfromaftertextofthesetwomandates,30and51projectsweresubsidisedintherespectiveprogrammes.themandateoftheFlemishImpulseProgrammeforEnergyTechnology(VLIET).IntheconTechnology(VLIM).TherationaluseofenergyandrenewableenergysourcesareincludedincludedinitsmandateinthecontextoftheFlemishImpulseProgrammeforEnvironmentalmentaltechnology,environmentallyfriendlyproductsand/orproductionmethods,areintheIWTmanagementinthepast.Someindividualaspects,suchasthepromotionofenvironpersewasneitherarequirementnorthesubjectofspecificdemandsinwhenthemanagementoftheVLIMwastransferredtotheIWT.oftheActionProgramme21(Rio–1992)).upasetofcompletedprojectswithregardtoEnergy&theEnvironmentInformation),whichdescribetheindustrialsub-activitiesinatleastthreefigures.‘ IWT-projectsEnergy+Environment. chapterIV.5–220
Results of the analysis outermiddleinnerKey:jects,SummaryoftheshareofEnergyandEnvironmentrelatedprojects:numberofsubsidisedproamountofsubsidyandprojectbudgetintheperiod1992-1999EnergyandEnvironmentrelatedprojects(period1992-1999)VLIETVLIMIWT-projectsEnergy+EnvironmentTotalsNumberofprojectsapprovedandcompletedVLIET,VLIMenIWT-projectsEnergy+Environment513095176Share29.0%17.0%54.0%100.0%SubsidyallocatedtoVLIET,VLIMandIWTprojectsEnergy+Environment(millionsofEUR)17.954.4416.8339.22Averageamountofsubsidyperproject(millionsofEUR)0.350.150.180.22Share45.8%11.3%42.9%100.0%ProjectbudgetsdividedintoVLIET,VLIMenIWT-projectsEnergy+Envi-ronment(millionsofEUR)28.267.464.9070.62Averageprojectbudget(millionsofEUR)0.550.250.370.40Share40.0%10.6%49.4%100.0%Averagesubsidypercentage63.5%59.5%48.2%55.5%segmentsofthecircle:numberofprojectsapprovedsegmentsofthecircle:subsidyallocatedtotheprojectssegmentsofthecircle:projectbudget chapterIV.5–221
Number of Energy and Environment related projects in the period notaprogramme.Evenifaprojectproposaliseligibleforasubsidy,theapplicantmaystilldecidethescientific-technologicalrequirementsimposed,orbecauseitdoesnotmeettheobjectivesofcialsubsidies.Forexample,aprojectproposalmayberejectedbecauseitdoesnotcomplywithposals(coveringeveryfieldoftechnology).However,notalltheprojectsareeligibleforfinanDuringtheperiod1997-1999,theIWTannuallyreceivedbetween450and500projectpro1992-1999tocarryouttheproject,underthegivencircumstances.yearNumberofVLIETprojectsNumberofVLIMprojectsIWT-projectsEnergy+EnvironmentTotalnumberofEnergyandEnvironmentrelat.proj.Relativeshareofalltheprojects199200224.3%199301141510.0%1994221974825.8%19954011157.1%199600993.3%199712013259.1%1998130233610.6%19990026266.9%Total513095176 average 9.5% Share 29%17%54%100% chapterIV.5–222
Share of subsidy for Energy and Environment related projects eralwhollyduringtheyearthatthedecisionistaken,eventhoughthepaymentstakeplaceoversevpendingontheinitiativesofthecompetentauthority.Theamountsofthesubsidyarechargedinitiativeofacompanyaccountsfor42.14millionEURofthis.Theprogrammesfluctuate,demillionEURperyearforproject-relatedsubsidies.TheshareofprojectssubmittedonthefreeForallthetaskstogether,duringtheperiod1996-1998,theIWTallocatedonaverage99.161992-99years.YearSubsidytoVLIET(inmillionsofEUR)SubsidytoVLIM(inmillionsofEUR)IWTprojectsEnergy+Environment(inmillionsofEUR)TotalEnergy-&Environmentrelat.proj.(inmillionsofEUR)Shareofthetotalproject-relatedsubsidy1992000.890.893.8%199302.010.552.554.7%19948.782.451.9813.2128.6%19953.2001.314.516.6%1996001.291.291.7%19971.9801.343.324.2%19984.0204.668.6814.0%1999004.784.783.7%Total17.974.4616.8139.24 average 7.3% Share 45.8%11.3%42.9%100.0% chapterIV.5–223
costs,asprovidedintheFIOVdecision.This‘totalbudget’issmallerthantheThe‘totalbudget’istheresultoftheevaluationbytheIWT,inaccordancewiththeacceptableminedareeligibleforinclusionintheprojectbudget,andthesubsidythatcanbeallocatedisdeterTheamountofthesubsidyoftheIWTrarelycoversthecompleteprojectcosts.ThecostswhichprojectShareoftheprojectbudgetforEnergyandEnvironmentrelatedprojectsaspartofthetotalbudgetsduringtheperiod1992-1999inaccordancewiththeEuropeanregulations. fullcost, asshown in the analysis of the company accounts. chapterIV.5–224 year Increase in VLIET pro jects (in mil lions of EUR) Increase in VLIM pro jects (in mil lions of EUR) Increase in IWT pro jects Energy+Environment (in millions of EUR) Total increase of Energy and Environment related projects (in millions of EUR) Share in the total bud get of project-based and Total28.247.4934.9370.651999007.937.933.0%19986.72012.1518.8612.3%19971.9802.484.462.6%1996002.212.211.4%19954.0402.536.574.4%199415.493.894.4123.8022.3%199303.591.124.714.4%1992002.112.114.7%IWT-projects average 6.2% Share 40.0%10.6%49.4%100.0%
1992-1999NumberofpartnersinvolvedintheEnergyandEnvironmentrelatedprojectsduringtheperiod chapterIV.5–225 Year miscellaneous businesses Collectivecentres (IMEC,OZIVITO,VIB) Univ.andinsts.ofhighered Total num ber of nerspart Number of newnerspart sharepartnersberTotalshare7.5%59.0%4.8%4.6%24.1%100.0%numberTotal19998556418916126199898347281311113619979423418765025199626614891995320383426151994459922610078481993114121129191519923332ofENumber&Erelatedprojects362822322115478176num-ofnew322221312773569.0%62.4%3.6%3.4%21.6%100.0%
Discussion of the analysis HOBUothersubsidychannels,wherecompaniesarenotconsideredtoapply/carryouttheproject:Finally,itshouldbenotedthattheEnergyandEnvironmentrelatedprojectsarealsoeligibleforergycreaseinthenumberofnewpartners.ThetotalnumberofdifferentpartnersinvolvedinEn-theencouragementofVLIETandVLIM.Inrecentyears,therehasalsobeenanoticeablein-In1994,alargenumberofcompaniesandresearchpartnersfoundtheirwaytotheIWT,withprogramme.Environment-relatedprojectsthatwereapprovedandsubmittedinthecontextofanimpulse57%oftheEnergyandEnvironmentrelatedsubsidywasallocatedto46%oftheEnergyandup.theseexceptionalfigures,probablybecausetheresearchcapacityhadbeenalmostwhollyusedconcentrationhasaclearrepercussiononthepatternofapplicationsduringtheyearsfollowinglogicalaspectofVLIET,thatsignificantlylesssubsidywasallocatedthanusual.ThisstrongVLIM,andtoalesserextentin1998,becauseofthesecondmandateofthescientific-technoItwasparticularlyin1994,whentherewasadoublesuperpositionforbothVLIETandfinancedcentageisalsohigheronaverage–asthebasicresearchcarriedoutbytheresearchpartnerwasThebudgetoftheVLIETprojectisonaveragelarger,viz.555,000EUR,andthesubsidyperandceive7.3%ofthetotalproject-relatedamountofsubsidy(approximately545millionEUR)researchanddevelopmentproposalswhichwereapprovedandcarriedout.TheseprojectsreThe176EnergyandEnvironmentrelatedprojectsaccountfor9.5%ofalltheproject-relatedfortstogethertothe176EnergyandEnvironmentrelatedprojects.ThiscorrespondstothetotalefDuringtheperiod1992-1999,subsidiesofapproximately39.7millionEURwereallocatedalofindustry,amountingtoatleast70millionEURforcarryingouttheseprojects.spend6.2%ofthetotalamountofprojectbudgets(approximately1.1billionEUR).for100%.andEnvironmentrelatedprojectsamountsto356,ofwhich62.4%arebusinesses.Fund;STWW;CollectiveResearch;Specialisationgrants;Researchmandates,etc. chapterIV.5–226
APPENDIX1 APPENDIX2 227 Peter Paul RUBENS, The Adoration of the Magi, 1624 (Slide KMSKA) James ENSOR, The Intrigue, 1890 (Slide KMSKA) Henri DE BRAEKELEER, Man in a Chair, 1875 (Slide KMSKA) APPENDICES1–2
APPENDIX1 List of abbreviations appendix1 AMINALAdministratieMilieu,Natuur-,Land-enWaterbeheer(Environment,Nature,LandandWaterManagementAdministration)ANREAfdelingNatuurlijkeRijkdommenenEnergie(NaturalResourcesandEnergyDivision)AROHMAdministratieRuimtelijkeOrdening,Huisvesting,MonumentenenLandschappen(TownandCountryPlanning,Housing,MonumentsandSitesAdministration)AURORAAirQualityinUrbanRegionsusinganOptimalResolutionApproachAWIAdministratieWetenschapenInnovatie(ScienceandInnovationAdministra-tion)AWZAdministratieWaterwegenenZeewezen(WaterwaysandMarineAffairsAd-ministration)AZFDepartementAlgemeneZakenenFinanciën(GeneralAffairsandFinanceDepartment)BABasisallocatie(BasicAllocation)BOFBijzonderOnderzoeksfonds(SpecialResearchFund)CBGSCentrumvoorBevolkings-enGezinsstudiën(CentreforPopulationandFamilyStudies)CERNOrganisationEuropéennepourlaRechercheNucléaire(EuropeanOrganisationforNuclearResearch)CLOCentrumLandbouwkundigOnderzoek(CentreofAgriculturalResearch)CODACentrumvoorOnderzoekinDiergeneeskundeenAgrochemie(VeterinaryandAgrochemicalResearchCentre)COODepartementCoördinatie(CoordinationDepartment)COSTEuropeanCooperationinthefieldofScientificandTechnicalResearchCRESTScientificandTechnicalResearchCommitteeDWTCFederaleDienstenvoorWetenschappelijke,TechnischeenCultureleaangelegenheden(FederalOfficeforScientific,TechnicalandCulturalAffairs)ECEuropeanCommunityEMBLEuropeanMolecularBiologyLaboratoryERDFEuropeanRegionalDevelopmentFundESAEuropeanSpaceAgencyESRFEuropeanSynchrotronRadiationFacilityEUEuropeanUnionEUREKAEuropeanResearchCoordinationAgencyEUROSTATStatisticalOfficeoftheEuropeanCommunitiesEWBLDepartementEconomie,Werkgelegenheid,BinnenlandseAangelegenhedenenLandbouw(Economics,Employment,HomeAffairsandAgricultureDepartment)F.T.IFlandersTechnologyInternational appendix1–229
GIMVInvesteringsmaatschappijvoorVlaanderen(InvestmentCompanyforFlanGFT-afvalGroenten-,FWOFondsvoorWetenschappelijkOnderzoek–Vlaanderen(FundforScientificFRWBFederaleFIOVFondstotbevorderingvanhetIndustrieelOnderzoekinVlaanderen(FundFEVIAFederatievandeVoedingsindustrie(FederationoftheBelgianFoodIndustry)forthePromotionofIndustrialResearchinFlanders)RaadvoorWetenschapsbeleid(FederalCouncilforSciencePolicy)Research-Flanders)Fruit-enTuinafval(Fruit,VegetablesandGardenwaste)ders)GISGeografischeInformatieSysteem(GeographicInformationSystem)GNPGrossNationalProductHBPWBHorizontaalBegrotingsprogrammaWetenschapsbeleid(HorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy)HOBUHogerOnderwijsBuitendeUniversiteit(Non-UniversityHigherEducation)IAPInstituutvoorhetArcheologischPatrimonium(ArchaeologicalPatrimonyInstitute)IBWInstituutvoorBosbouwenWildbeheer(InstituteforForestryandGameManagement)ICTInformationandCommunicationTechnologyIMECInteruniversitairMicro-ElektronicaCentrum(InteruniversityMicro-ElectronicsCentre)INInstituutvoorNatuurbehoud(InstituteofNatureConservation)IOBInstituteofDevelopmentPolicyandManagementITInformationTechnologyITAActieprogrammaInformatietechnologie(InformationTechnologyActionProgramme)ITGInstituutvoorTropischeGeneeskunde-“PrinsLeopold”(InstituteofTropi-calMedicine-“PrinsLeopold”)IWETOInventarisvanhetWetenschappelijkenTechnologischOnderzoek(InventoryofScientificandTechnologicalResearch)IWTInstituutvoordeaanmoedigingvanInnovatiedoorWetenschapenTechnologieinVlaanderen(InstituteforthePromotionofInnovationbySci-enceandTechnologyinFlanders)JESSIJointEuropeanSubmicronSiliconInitiativeKAGKoninklijkeAcademievoorGeneeskunde(RoyalAcademyofMedicine)KBINKoninklijkBelgischInstituutvoorNatuurwetenschappen(RoyalBelgianInstituteofNaturalSciences)KMDAKoninklijkeMaatschappijvoorDierkundeteAntwerpen(RoyalZoologicalSocietyofAntwerp)KMOKleineenMiddelgroteOndernemingen(SmallandMedium-sizedEnterprises)KMSKAKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchonenKunsten–Antwerpen(RoyalMuseumofFineArts–Antwerp)KUBrusselKatholiekeUniversiteitBrussel(CatholicUniversityofBrussels)KULeuvenKatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven(CatholicUniversityofLouvain)KWOCold-heatstorageKWZIKleinschaligeWaterzuiveringsinstallatie(Smallscalewaterpurificationplant)LINDepartementLeefmilieuenInfrastructuur(EnvironmentandInfrastructureDepartment)LUCLimburgsUniversitairCentrum(LimburgUniversityCentre)MAPMestActiePlan(FertilizerActionPlan)MEDEAMicro-ElectronicsDevelopmentforEuropeanApplicationsMERMilieuEffectRapport(EnvironmentalEffectReport)MINA-fondsMilieu-enNatuurfonds(EnvironmentandNatureFund)MIRAMilieu-enNatuurrapportVlaanderen(EnvironmentandNatureReportFlanders)MISManagementInformationSystem appendix1–230
OIVOOnderzoeks-enInformatiecentrumvandeVerbruikersOrganisaties(ReOECDOrganisationOCMWOpenbaarCentrumvoorMaatschappelijkWelzijn(PublicCentreforSocialOBPWOOnderwijskundigBeleids-enPraktijkgerichtWetenschappelijkOnderzoekE&TEducationR&DResearchNODNederlandseNABSNomenclaturefortheanalysisandcomparisonofscientificprogrammesandbudgetsOnderzoekDatabank(DutchResearchDatabase)andDevelopmentandTraining(Educationalpolicyandpractice-orientedscientificresearch)Welfare)forEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentsearchandinfocentreoftheconsumerorganisations)ONDDepartementOnderwijs(EducationDepartment)OVAMOpenbareAfvalstoffenmaatschappijvoorhetVlaamseGewest(PublicWasteAgencyofFlanders)PBOProgrammaBeleidsgerichtOnderzoek(ProgrammeforPolicy-orientedResearch)PRODEMPromotie-endemonstratiecentrumvoormilieuvriendelijketechnologieën(Promotionanddemonstrationcentreforenvironmentally-friendlytechnologies)RUCAUniversitairCentrumAntwerpen(UniversityCentreAntwerp)RUGUniversiteitGent(UniversityofGhent)RWZIRioolwaterzuiveringsinstallatie(sewagewaterpurificationplant)SCIScienceCitationIndexSERVSociaal-EconomischeRaadvanVlaanderen(Socio-economicCouncilofFlanders)SIFSociaalImpulsfonds(SocialImpulseFund)STETScientificandTechnicalEducationandTrainingSTVStichtingTechnologieVlaanderen(FoundationTechnologyFlanders)STWWStrategischeTechnologieënvoordebevorderingvanWelzijnenWelvaart(StrategicTechnologiesforthepromotionofWell-beingandWelfare)TATechnologyAssessmentTWOLToegepastWetenschappelijkOnderzoekLeefmilieu(AppliedScientificre-searchintotheEnvironment)UFSIAUniversitairFaculteitenSt.IgnatiusAntwerpen(UniversityFacultiesSt.IgnatiusAntwerp)UIAUniversitaireInstellingAntwerpen(UniversityInstitute,Antwerp)UNESCOUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationUNUUnitedNationsUniversity–UniversiteitvandeVerenigdeNatiesVENVlaamsEcologischNetwerk(FlemishEcologicalnetwork)VIBVlaamsInteruniversitairInstituutvoorBiotechnologie(FlandersInteruniversityInstituteforBiotechnology)VIONAVlaamsInteruniversitairOnderzoeksnetwerkArbeidsmarktrapportering(Flemishinteruniversityresearchnetworkforemploymentmarketreporting)VITOVlaamseInstellingvoorTechnologischOnderzoek(FlemishInstitutefortechnologicalResearch)VLAREAVlaamsReglementvoorAfvalvoorkomingen–Beheer(FlemishRegulationsforthePreventionandManagementofWaste)VLIETVlaamsImpulsprogrammaEnergietechnologie(FlemishImpulseProgrammeforEnergyTechnology)VLIMVlaamsImpulsprogrammaMilieutechnologie(FlemishImpulseProgrammeforEnvironmentalTechnology)VLINAVlaamsImpulsprogrammaNatuurontwikkeling(FlemishImpulseProgrammeforNatureDevelopment)VLIRVlaamseInteruniversitaireRaad(FlemishInteruniversityCouncil)VLIZVlaamsInstituutvoordeZee(FlemishInstitutefortheSea)VLMVlaamseLandmaatschappij(PublicLandAgencyofFlanders)VMMVlaamseMilieumaatschappij(PublicEnvironmentalAgencyofFlanders) appendix1–231
W&TWetenschappelijkeenTechnologischeDienstverlening(ScienceandTechnolVVMVlaamseVUBVrijeVTOVlaamsVRWBVlaamseRaadvoorWetenschapsbeleid(FlemishCouncilforSciencePolicy)VRTVlaamseRadio-enTelevisieomroep(FlemishCommunityBroadcastingVRVeiligheidsrapporteringVOIVlaamseVMWVlaamseMaatschappijvoorWatervoorziening(FlandersCompanyforWaterSupply)OpenbareInstellingen(Flemishpublicinstitutions)(SafetyReports)Company)TechnologieObservatorium(FlemishTechnologyObservatory)UniversiteitBrussel(FreeUniversityofBrussels)Vervoersmaatschappij(FlemishTransportCompany)ogyServices)WAVVlaamsSteunpuntWerkgelegenheid,ArbeidenVorming(FlemishSupportforEmployment,LabourandTraining)WIMDepartementWetenschap,InnovatieenMedia(Science,InnovationandMediaDepartment)WIVWetenschappelijkInstituutvoordeVolksgezondheid(LouisPasteur)(ScientificInstituteofPublicHealth(LouisPasteur))WKKWarmtekrachtkoppeling(Combinedheatandpower)WLHWaterbouwkundigLaboratoriumenHydrologischOnderzoek(HydraulicLaboratoryandHydrologicalResearch)WTCMWetenschappelijkenTechnischCentrumvoordeMetaalverwerkendeNijverheid(Scientificandtechnicalcentreforthemetalprocessingindustry)WVCDepartementWelzijn,VolksgezondheidenCultuur(Welfare,PublicHealthandCultureDepartment)WWFWorldWildlifeFundforNatureZAPZelfstandigAcademischPersoneel(Independentacademicpersonnel) appendix1–232
APPENDIX2 Flemish science policy: addresses, e-mails and websites (EnglishversionsappearinAppendixI,Abbreviations)appendix2 DE VLAAMSE RAAD VOOR WETENSCHAPSBELEID (VRWB) Adres:Boudewijnlaan 30 1000 Brussel tel: +32 2 553 59 86 tax: +32 2 553 57 94 e-mail: elisabeth.monard@wim.vlaanderen.be DE KONINKLIJKE ACADEMIËN Adres:Paleis der 1000HertogsstraatAcademiën1Brussel De Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van België voor Wetenschappen en Kunsten tel: +32 2 550 23 23 fax: +32 2 550 23 25 e-mail: website:kawlsk@skynet.bewww.users.skynet.be/kvab De Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van België (KAGB) tel: +32 2 550 23 00 fax: +32 2 550 23 05 STICHTING FLANDERS TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (F.T.I)Adres:TechnologielaanTECHNOPOLIS2800Mechelentel:+32153420 20 fax: +32 15 34 20 10 e-mail: Adres:EgmontstraatHETFONDSVOORWETENSCHAPPELIJKONDERZOEK-VLAANDEREN(FWO)website:info@technopolis.bewww.technopolis.be51000Brusseltel:+3225129110fax:+3225125890e-mail:jose.traest@fwo.bewebsite:www.nfwo.be appendix2–233
HET INSTITUUT VOOR DE AANMOEDIGING VAN INNOVATIE DOOR WETENSCHAP EN TECHNOLOGIE IN VLAANDEREN (IWT-Vlaanderen) Adres:Bischoffsheimlaan 25 1000 Brussel tel: +32 2 209 09 00 fax: +32 2 223 11 81 e-mail: website:info@iwt.bewww.iwt.be DE VLAAMSE INSTELLING VOOR TECHNOLOGISCH ONDERZOEK (VITO) Adres:Boeretang 200 2400 Mol tel: +32 14 33 55 11 fax: +32 14 33 55 99 e-mail: Adres:KliniekstraatHETAdres:MarkiesstraatCENTRUMAdres:JozefDEAdres:KapeldreefHETAdres:Rijvisschestraat(VIB)HETVLAAMSINTERUNIVERSITAIRINSTITUUTVOORDEBIOTECHNOLOGIEwebsite:vito@vito.bewww.vito.be1209052Zwijnaardetel:+3292446611fax:+3292446610e-mail:vib@vib.bewebsite:www.vib.beINTERUNIVERSITAIRMICRO-ELEKTRONICACENTRUM(IMEC)753001Heverlee(Leuven)tel:+3216281211fax:+3216229400e-mail:info@imec.bewebsite:www.imec.beSTICHTINGTECHNOLOGIEVLAANDEREN(STV)II-straat12-161000Brusseltel:+3222090111fax:+3222177008e-mail:stv@serv.bewebsite:www.serv.beVOORBEVOLKINGS-ENGEZINSSTUDIËN(CBGS)11000Brusseltel:+3225533569fax:+3225533557e-mail:cbgs@wvc.vlaanderen.beINSTITUUTVOORNATUURBEHOUD(IN)251070Brusseltel:+3225581811fax:+3225581805e-mail:info@instnat.bewebsite:www.instnat.be appendix2–234
HET INSTITUUT VOOR BOSBOUW EN WILDBEHEER (IBW) Adres:Gaverstraat 4 9500 Geraardsbergen tel: +32 54 43 71 11 fax: +32 54 41 08 96 e-mail: jozef.vanslycken@lin.vlaanderen.be e-mail: KONINKLIJKwebsite:ibw@lin.vlaanderen.bewww.ibw.vlaanderen.beMUSEUMVOORSCHONE KUNSTEN – ANTWERPEN (KMSKA) Adres:Leopold De Waelplaats 2000 Antwerpen AdministratiefPlaatsnijdersstraatadres: 2 2000 Antwerpen tel: +32 3 238 78 09 fax: +32 3 248 08 10 e-mail: INSTITUUTwebsite:postmaster@kmska.bewww.dma.be/cultuur/kmskaVOORHETARCHEOLOGISCH PATRIMONIUM (IAP) Adres:Doornveld - Industrie Asse 3 nr 11 bus 30 1731 Asse -Zellik tel: +32 2 481 60 30 fax: +32 2 481 80 56 e-mail: guy.deboe@ping.be appendix2–235