guideinformation2001Greta VERVLIET Ministry of Flanders Science and Innovation Administration SCIENCE TECH NOLOGY and INNOVATION SCIENCE TECH NOLOGY and INNOVATION
COLOFON onCoverphotograph:RF-circuitsintegratedinMCM-D(thin-filmmultichipmodule)technologyD/2001/3241/108FlandersFlemishInteruniversityRoyalInstituteInstitutePhotographsEditing/finalE-mail:Fax:Tel:1000BoudewijnlaanScienceScience,MinistryDr.For(decisionmentofFlandersforEducationandTraining,andMr.DirkVanMechelen,MinisteroftheGovernpublishedonthejointinitiativeofMrs.MarleenVanderpoorten,MinisteroftheGovernmentTheScience,TechnologyandInnovationInformationGuidefor2001isanannualpublication,ofFlandersforEconomics,TownandCountryPlanningandMedia.oftheGovernmentofFlandersof26November1999).informationabouttheInformationGuide,ortorequestacopy,pleasecontact:GretaVervlietofFlandersInnovationandMediaDepartmentandInnovationAdministration30Brussels(02)5535795(02)5536007greta.vervliet@wim.vlaanderen.beediting:GretaVervlietPh.D.weremadeavailableby:ofNatureConservation(IN)forForestryandGameManagement(IBW)MuseumofFineArts–Antwerp(KMSKA)Micro-ElectronicsCentre(IMEC)InstituteforTechnologicalResearch(VITO)InteruniversityInstituteforBiotechnology(VIB)aglasssubstrate.Inset:0.13µmCMOSsiliciumwafer(photographsIMEC) Colofon–2
FOREWORD tobecomeForexample,theSpecialResearchFund(BOF)andtheFWOFlandersweredevelopedfurtheravailableduresarebeingsystematicallyreduced.Theintentionistomakethefundsreleasedinthiswayfundingchannelsandtherelatedfragmentationoffundsandmultipleadministrativeprocetolimittheintroductionofnewprogrammesallthetime.Inaddition,theexistingsmalltransparencyforthestructures.Inordertoachievethis,itwasdecided,amongstotherthings,roleintheFlemishsciencepolicy–primarilyresearchersandbusinesses–andtoachievegreaterImportantpointsforattentionincludestrengtheningtheautonomyofthepartieswhichplayadevelopHowever,inadditiontoprovidingthenecessaryresources,thegovernmentalsowishestoaconsiderableannualincreaseinthesciencebudgetwasthereforeagainplannedfrom2001.degreetowhichthegreatlyincreasedsciencebudgetwasusedinthepreviouslegislativeperiod,andtechnologicalinnovation.Followingabreakin2000,toevaluatetheeffectivenessandtheTheGovernmentofFlandersiscertainlyawareofthestrategicimportanceofscientificresearchFlemishbudgetallocatedtosciencepolicy,allowingforthepermanentmonitoringoftheoverallaccordancewiththeinternationallyacceptednormssince1996.EveryeditionalsoanalysestheProgrammeforScienceandTechnology.Thishasbeendrawnupsystematicallyandineveryyeartoscience,technologyandinnovation,groupedtogetherintheHorizontalBudgetGuideprovidesacompletesurveyoftheresourcesallocatedbytheGovernmentofFlandersThisisthesixtheditionoftheScience,TechnologyandInnovationInformationGuide.Thesciencebudgetandthesciencepolicyimplementedwithit.anumberofnewfocusesinpolicy.moreefficiently. the mumusetobemadeofthesubsidypercentagespermittedbyEurope,theaimwillcertainlybeadoptedwithregardtotheimplementationoftheinnovationdecree.Inadditiontothemaxiandextendingtheprojectedinnovationseligibleforsubsidies.Thesamephilosophywillbeprogrammewasestablished,aimedatsimplifyingadministrativeproceduresasfaraspossible,importantfocusofpolicy.Again,thewiderangeofsubjectswasreduced,andanewSMEThesupportfortechnologicalinnovationinindustry,inparticularforourSMEs,isanotherhigherfullyrespected,whilethenecessarystimuliwillstillbeprovidedtoreorganiseandreinforcesourceoffundingforeducationandresearch.Thustheautonomyoftheseinstitutionswillbebasicfundingoftheuniversitiesfortheperiod2001-2004,asthefirstandmostimportantsmallerinitiatives.Furthermore,itwasdecidedtosignificantlyandprogressivelyincreasethetionalfundswillbeprovidedforthis,aswellasthefundsreleasedbyreducingthenumberoffundingchannelsforgroundbreakingresearchatFlemishuniversities.Addieducationandacademicresearch. Foreword–3
thelanguageversionsoftheInformationGuidefor2000and2001areavailableonthewebsiteoftheFlemishsciencepolicyattheinternationallevel.BoththeDutch-languageandEnglish-languageversionoftheInformationGuideispublishedtoprovideinformationandpubliciseactivities,alwaysonbehalfoftheFlemishcommunityasawhole.Inaddition,anEnglish-anyonecanfindouthowthecommunityfundsareusedtofundresearchandscientificcouncils.However,theGuideisalsoavailabletointerestedcitizensonrequest.Inthisway,involved,includingtheParliamentofFlanders,universities,businesses,libraries,andtownsciencepolicy.ThisbookiswidelycirculatedeveryyeartoalltheauthoritiesandinstitutesThereforetheInformationGuideprovidesinformationaboutthemainlinesofourFlemishalsoCertainly,dependingontheircompetences,theothermembersoftheGovernmentofFlandersThisInformationGuidefor2001willagaindescribethe“sectoralsciencepolicy”indetail.ties,networkinFlanders.Afterall,accesstoanefficientcomputernetworkisessentialforuniversiAnotherongoingpointforattentionisthecontinueddevelopmentoftheelectronicresearchcross-sectoralallocatedfornewinitiatives,suchastheestablishmentofnewcentresofexpertiseforspecificbecometheonlypointofcontactforsubsidiesforindustryinFlanders.Fundswillalsobetosimplifyadministrativeproceduresasfaraspossible.Inthisrespect,theIWTFlanderswilltechnologies.institutesofhighereducationandresearchinstitutes,butalsoforindustry.allocatemanyfundstothescientificactivitieswhichsupporttheirpolicies.MinistryofFlanders. MinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEconomics,TownandCountryPlanningandMediaDirkVanMechelen,MinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEducationandTrainingMarleenVanderpoorten,Foreword–4
ForewordCONTENTS 3 Introduction 7 Part IThe Flemish Science, Technology and Innovation Policy11 Chapter I.1Definitions13 Chapter I.2DivisionofcompetencesattheFlemish,federalandinternationallevel17 Chapter I.3TheFlemishScience,TechnologyandInnovationpolicy-divisionwithintheGovernmentofFlanders21 Chapter I.4The administrative structures of the Flemish Science Policy25 Part IIHorizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy29 Chapter II.1Definitions – aim31 Chapter II.2DrawinguptheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy33 Part IIIHorizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy 200135 Chapter III.1General science policy41 Chapter III.2Basic research on the initiative of the researchers49 Chapter III.3Scientific research with an economic focus57 Chapter III.4Strategic and policy-oriented research65 Chapter III.5The Sectoral Science Policy89 Chapter III.6New funds for policy and new emphases in policy167 Chapter III.7AnalysisoftheHorizontalBudgetProgrammesforSciencePolicy1993-2001171 Contents–5
Chapter III.8ThecalculationoftheR&DactivitiesasapercentageoftheFlemishGDPandaninternationalcomparison189 Part IVExpenditure of the funds distributed by the institutions195funding Chapter IV.1Expenditure of the funds distributed by the FWO Flanders197 Chapter IV.2Expenditure of the funds distributed by the IWT Flanders215 Appendices 233 Appendix 1List of abbreviations235 Appendix 2Flemish Science Policy : addresses, e-mail addresses and websites240 Appendix 3Index243 Contents–6
INTRODUCTION evolution.varioussectorsandpartiesinvolvedintheFlemishsciencepolicy–togetherwiththeirChapterIII.7containsanalysestoclarifyandexplainthedistributionofthefundsoverthe2001SciencePolicy2001,withcreditsandexplanatorytexts.HowmanyfundswereavailableinforSciencePolicy.Subsequently,PartIIIdealswiththeHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforFlemishscience,technologyandinnovationpolicyandoftheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeandfamiliarity.PartIandPartIIareintroductorytextswithageneralexplanationoftheThestructureoftheInformationGuideisthesameeveryyear,inordertomaintaincontinuitythedisappearance.Inshort,itrevealsthewholedynamicprocessoftheHBPWBandthereforeofmovementsoverthevariousprogrammesthroughtheyearsandtheirestablishmentandretroactively.ThisproducesasortofhistoricalsurveyofallthesciencesBAs,showingtheirperiod1993-2001.TheHBPWBsfor1993,1994and1995wereanalysedandreconstructedMeanwhile,seriesoftheHBPWBshavebeenbuiltupandanalyseshavebeencarriedoutfortheimportantTheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicyandtheanalysisoftheexpenditurearementalfunds,dividedbythetwofundinginstitutionsinFlanders,viz.,theFWOFlandersforfundaInaddition,the“subject-basedanalysisofthebudget”thisyearconcernstheexpenditureofthelevelinternationalcomparison.Thisinformationisalsopresentedatthefederalandinternationaldefinitionsandnorms(FRASCATIManualandNABScodes),sothatitispossibletomakeanWewouldliketoemphasisethefactthatthesearedrawnupusingtheinternationallyacceptedtextsprovidethedetailsofthepolicylines,whichareimplementedwiththeavailablecredits.Policy(HBPWB),withasummaryoftheavailablepolicycreditsforthatyear.ExplanatoryThusinthefirstplace,theGuidecontainstheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencedetail.theyears.Inaddition,certainsectorsoftheFlemishsciencepolicyareexaminedingreaterGuideprovidesaninsightintotheevolutionofthepolicycreditsandthefocusesofpolicyoverandthepolicytobeimplementedwiththeminthatparticularyear.Ontheotherhand,theFlemishsciencepolicyeveryyear.Ontheonehand,theeditiondescribestheavailablecreditsTheScience,TechnologyandInnovationInformationGuidegivesinformationabouttheeveryyearsothatFlandersmeetsitsinternationalobligationsinthisrespect.researchandtheIWTFlandersforindustrialresearch.policyinstrumentsformonitoringFlemishsciencepolicy.wholesciencepolicythatwasimplemented.forscience,technologyandinnovation,andwhatweretheyusedfor? Introduction–7
Thisyearanapproximatecalculationwasagainadded,oftheR&D everyonesciencepolicyasclearlyaspossible.Inthisway,IwouldthereforeonceagainliketothanksInformationGuide2001.ThismakesitpossibletofocusonthevariousaspectsofFlemishthecompetentcabinets–gavetheirfullcooperationtodrawingupHBPWB2001andtheThecompetentadministrations,VOIs,scientificinstitutionsandresearchinstitutes–aswellasFlemishInformationGuide.Afterall,monitoringthecreditsanddeterminingthecontentofthetheHBPWBdrawnupeveryyear,theanalysisofexpenditureonsciencepolicy,andtheof26November1999.ThisprovidedcontinuityandsupportfortheactivitiesinthecontextofTheInformationGuidewasdrawnuponthebasisofadecisionoftheGovernmentofFlandersParttain)Nevertheless,itisclearthatthegovernmentwillhavetomakefurthereffortstoraise(andmaininformationmustbeinterpretedwithsomecircumspection,asexplainedinChapterIII.8.theFlandersGrossDomesticProduct,seeninaninternationalperspective.However,thiscreditsasapercentageofFlanderstothelevelofourmostimportanttradingpartners.IVcontainsthetraditionalanalysisofexpenditureonsciencepolicy.budgetareamongstthekeytasksoftheadministration.fortheircontributionstothemostrecentInformationGuide. ScienceandInnovationAdministrationDeputyFirstMandatoryGretaVervliet Introduction–8
• BellegemDejonckheere(HomeAffairs),JorisNuyts(AgricultureandHorticulture),LucVanHulpiau(Localandregionalauthorities),LindaBoudry(SocialImpulseFund),JeroenEWBL:JohanTroch(Employment),JanVereecke(NaturalresourcesandEnergy),GilbertandJeanDeLescluze(VLAM); Bert(RoadsandTraffic),WilfriedGoossens(MobilityCell,ServicesoftheSecretary-General),Affairs),FrankMostaert(HydraulicLaboratoryandHydrologicalResearch),PaulCattrysse(AROHM-Housing),KarinePeelmanenLouisDeBisschop(WaterwaysandMarine(AROHM-TownandCountryPlanning),StevenEeckhoutenJohanVandenbergheLIN:JeroenCockx(AMINAL),MarnixdeVrieze(Landmanagement),SofieHouvenaghelDeBondt(Policy,ServicesoftheSecretary-General);
• VanHealthCare),FransDelbeke(RUG),DirkDewolf(PreventiveandSocialHealthCare),JosWVC:JanCasaert(FamilyandSocialWelfare),PatrickGhelen(PreventiveandSocialRillaer(Culture);
•
• HermanWIM:Media,VRT:TonyVerstraete(Media),VLIZandMaritimeResearch:Rudy(AWI),sciencepolicycommunication:SabineBorrey(AWI); • Emancipation officer: San Eyckmans, Fatima Tigra. • FWO: Benno Hinnekint • IWT: Dirk Maeckelberghe, Paul Zeeuwts • IMEC: Marc Van Rossum • VIB: Lieve Ongena, Jo Bury • VITO: Dirk Fransaer • CBGS: Thérèse Jacobs • IAP: Guy De Boe • IN: Ludo Polleunis, Eckhart Kuijken • IBW: Jos Van Slycken • KMSKA: Ben Van Beneden • AQUAFIN: Chris Thoeye • OVAM: Jean-Paul Verdoodt, Luc Vanacker • VLM: Dirk Van Gijseghem • VMM: Eddy Muylle Introduction–9
COLLABORATORS Leadership,coordinationandfinalresponsibility: Greta Vervliet Administrative collaborators: Hilde Roden, Henri Gheysens ContactpersonsinthecabinetsoftheMinisterofFlandersfor: • Finance, Budget, Foreign Policy and European Affairs: Roger Decourt • Economics, Town and Country Planning and Media: Michèle Oleo • Education and Training: Marc Luwel • Environment and Agriculture: Aviel Verbruggen • Employment and Tourism: Mieke Van Gramberen • Welfare, Health and Equal Opportunities: Veerle Conings • Culture, Youth, Brussels Affairs and Development Cooperation: Antoon Boon • Mobility, Public Works and Energy: Claire Van De Velde • andHomeAffairs,CivilService,Sport,UrbanPolicyandHousing:FrankBecuwe(MonumentsSites),AnVermeersch(Sport),ChristianFieremans(Housing) CollaboratorsfromtheMinistryofFlandersandFlemishPublicInstitutions: Contributions were provided by: • enFrankSteenput(Chancellery);COO:BrigitteMouligneauandJosVanCleynenbreugel(ForeignPolicy),TineMortelmans • AZF: Josée Lemaître (Planning and Statistics), Peter Anaf (Planning and Statistics); • (CoordinationofHigherEducationPolicy),HenriDuque(BudgetandDataManagement);OND:NoëlVercruysse(HigherEducationandScientificResearch),MichelineScheys
PART1 THE FLEMISH SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION POLICY 11 Natural brook valley with exceptional nature values: the Bosbeek in (DiaLimburg.E.Kuijken, IN) THEFLEMISHSCIENCE,TECHNOLOGYANDINNOVATIONPOLICY
Chapter – I.1 Definitions SCIENCE POLICY - TECHNOLOGY POLICY - INNOVATION
chapterI.1–13
Thedevelopingposes,tomaintain,broadenandexpandtheseasanecessaryconditionformaintainingandhighqualityscientificresearch,andusetheresultsfortechnological,socialandculturalpur“ThescienceandtechnologypolicymustcreatetheconditionstomakeitpossibletocarryoutThe1999.thescienceandtechnologypolicyinthecontextofthestrategicplanningintheperiod1996-Meanwhile,theFlemishCommunityhasdefineditsmissionstatementandpermanenttasksfordefinitionnologicalknowledge,theresearchersandotherpersonsinvolvedinresearchactivities.”Thistion,publicscientificservices,theorganisationandstimulationoftheuseofscientificandtech“Thepolicyrelatedtoresearch/development,scienceandtechnology,technologicalinnovacontainCooperationagreementsbetweenthefederalgovernment,theCommunitiesandtheRegionsindustryemphasisnowisalsooninnovation,whichreferstoalltheactivitiesthatpromoteinnovationinthissortofpolicy,whichwasdirectlyrelatedtotechnologicaldevelopment.However,theterm:sciencepolicy.Subsequently,therewasfoundtobeaneedforaseparatedescriptionofOriginally,thetechnologypolicywasconceivedasaspecificsectorthatwascoveredbythetheincreased,aswellastheinterestandparticipationofgovernmentsinaninternationalcontext,socialimportanceandcomplexityofknowledgeandtechnologicaldevelopmentshaveFirstofall,therehasbeenastrikingdevelopmentoftheoriginalterm,“sciencepolicy”.AstheusingthedefinitionsandtermsasdrawnupandusedtodayattheFlemishandfederallevel.innovationpolicy.Thisisdoneonthebasisofinternationallyadopteddefinitions,butalsoThischapterisaimedatprovidinganinsightintothecontentofthescience,technologyandPOLICYarsenaloftermshasalsoevolvedtokeepupwiththechangingcircumstances.andsociety.thefollowingdefinition:certainlyemphasisesthecomplexandmultidimensionalaspect.priorityinthismissionis:thewelfareandwell-beingofthewholecommunity.”permanenttaskswhichareindicatedare:•tocreatetheconditionstomaintain,broadenandextendthebasisofscientificknowledgeandtechnologicalexpertiseinordertomeetthechallengesrelatedtothetransitiontoaknowledge-basedsocietyinatargetedandeffectiveway;
• policy,toberesponsibleforthedevelopmentandutilisationofasufficientlyscientificsupportofthetocreateandexecutepolicydecisionsandevaluatetheireffects; • toencourageotherpolicylevelsandbodiesinsocietytodefinetheirownscientificandtechnologicalpolicies,andadoptapositionvis-à-visgovernmentpolicyandeachother’spolicy,inordertoachievethebestpossibleeffects; • Thetermisconceivedinabroadsense:notonlyscientificresearchisimportant(andanabsoneedsasrelevanttothecreationofwelfare.Innovationmeansworkingoutnewsolutionstomeetthedevelopment,productionprocessesandmarketingstrategies,arealsoconsideredtobeatleastsociallevel.Butlowleveltechnologicalinnovation,themoregradualinnovationsinproduct“(strategic)renewal”,andthesuccessfulexploitationofthesenewfindingsattheeconomicand“GreenPaperonInnovation”(1996)describesthistermasasynonymfortheproductionofMeanwhile,thesedefinitionshavebeenfurthersupplementedwiththeterm”innovation”.Thecontributiontoensurethattheresultsoftheresearchareproperlyusedsothattheyprovideaconcretetotheeconomic,cultural,socialandintellectualdevelopmentofFlanders.ofpeopleandsocietyasawhole.luteprerequisite),butalsotheentireinnovationsystem-includingthesocial,economicandlegalaspectsrelatedtoit.Inthisrespect,educationandtrainingalsoplayanessentialrole,aswellasthefinancialcontext(theavailabilityofrisk-bearingcapitalisessential),theefficientreg-ulationofintellectualpropertyrights,etc.Theinnovationofcommercialandmanagementcapacities,aswellassocialinnovation,arealsoconsideredtobeimportantfactorsinthecre-ationofemploymentandtomeettheobvioussocialneeds.Thereisanimportantroleforthegovernment–interalia,withregardtopromotingthemaxi-mumvalorizationofresearchresults.Forexample,thisisdonebysupportingthetransferoftechnologyfromuniversitiesandresearchinstitutestoindustry.Thegovernmentmustalsomakesurethatthereisagoodinfrastructure,bothwithregardtotransportandnavigationsys-tems,andwithregardtothe“informationhighways”.Furthermore,theexceptionalimpor-tanceofgood,clearlegislationandthecreationofanofficialclimateforinnovationingeneral,shouldalsobeemphasised.TheGovernmentofFlanderssupportsthispointofview,andhasthereforetakenthenecessarymeasurestoimplementthesestepsincompleteways,asdescribedinChapterI.3andexplainedindetailinPartIIIofthisInformationGuide.Inthe“Decreerelatingtoimplementingapolicytostimulatetechnologicalinnovation”(InnovationDecree,BelgianOff.Gaz.,dated16.07.1999),thefollowingdefinitionsareadoptedfortheapplicationofthedecree:1ºthedevelopmentofscientific-technologicalknowledge:tocarryoutresearchandfeasibilitystudiestoacquirenewscientific-technologicalknowledge;2ºthedisseminationofscientific-technologicalknowledge:tomakescientific-technologicalknowledgeavailableforpotentialoractualusers;3ºtheapplicationofscientific-technologicalknowledge:tousescientific-technologicalknowledgetoimproveexistingproductsandservicesordevelopnewproductsandservices,ortorenewtheproductionprocess,organisationalmethodsandcommercialisation;4ºthesupportofscientific-technologicalknowledge:tosupportanyactivitieswhichmeanthatscientific-technologicalknowledgecanbedeveloped,disseminatedandusedmorewidelyandmoreeffectivelyandwhichdonotfallunder1º,2ºand3º. chapterI.1–14
• makinganyscientificactivitywhichisaimedatdevelopingscientificknowledge(basicresearch),theuseofthisstockofknowledgetodevisenewapplications.”Inotherwords,itincludesordertoincreasetheknowledgebase,includingknowledgeofman,cultureandsociety,andResearchandDevelopment(R&D):“...creativeworkundertakenonasystematicbasisinitapplicable(appliedresearch)andapplyingit(development).
INTERNATIONAL DEFINITIONS: SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES - R&D - STET - STS
• usedareas,theNABScodesareactuallyalreadydueforanotherrevision.Asummaryofthecodesin1969andwasrevisedin1975and1992.Becauseoftherapidevolutionofsomeresearchandcomparisonofscientificprogrammesandbudgets”.ThisnomenclaturewasfirstdrawnupthereforeonlyappliedtotheR&Dcredits.NABSstandsfor“NomenclaturefortheanalysisTheNABScodesindicatetheareaofapplicationoftheresearchthatiscarriedout,andareNABSWithinevaluationStudiesrelatedtopolicyandtheactivitiesofadministrativeunitswithregardtotheanalysis,dataofageneralinterest(includingthecollectionofdataonsocial-economicphenomena).technologicalinformation(e.g.,bylibrariesorinformationcentres),andthecollectionofformingroutinemeasurements(e.g.,routinemedicalanalyses),theprovisionofscientific-tionofscientificandtechnicalknowledge”.Thisconcernsanyformofservices,suchasperexperimentaldevelopmentandcontributingtothegeneration,disseminationandapplicaScientificandTechnologicalServices(STS):“...activitiesconcernedwithresearchandandmonitoringofexternalphenomenaareincludedinthis.R&Dthereisafurtherclassificationaccordingtothetypeofresearch:•basicresearchis“experimentalortheoreticalworkundertakenprimarilytoacquirenewknowledgeoftheunderlyingfoundationofphenomenaandobservablefacts,withoutanyparticularapplicationoruseinview”;•appliedresearchis“alsooriginalinvestigationundertakeninordertoacquirenewknowl-edge.Itis,however,directedprimarilytowardsaspecificpracticalaimorobjective”;•experimentaldevelopmentis“systematicwork,drawingonexistingknowledgegainedfromresearchand/orpracticalexperience,thatisdirectedtoproducingnewmaterials,productsordevices,toinstallingnewprocesses,systemsandservices,ortoimprovingsubstantiallythosealreadyproducedorinstalled.”codescanbefoundbelowinthisInformationGuide,inPartIII.
chapterI.1–15
The term “scientific activities”, as defined in the FRASCATI Manual, comprises:
• ofneers.”Thereforeitconcernsthefundingofscientificeducation,forexample,theproportionpostgraduateandfurthertraining,andorganisedlifelongtrainingforscientistsandengihighereducationandtraining,highereducationandtrainingleadingtoauniversitydegree,EducationandTraining(STET)“...allactivitiescomprisingspecialisednon-universitytheoperationalsubsidiestouniversitiesthatareusedforuniversityeducation.
chapterI.2–17
Chapter – I.2 Division of competences at the Flemish, federal and international level
responsibilityforthefederalscientificandculturalinstitutes,includingtheirresearchactivitiesForexample,thefederalgovernmentisresponsibleforthepolicyonspace,aswellashavingmentsforScientific,TechnicalandCulturalAffairs(DWTC)amountsto0.35billioneuro.programmeforsciencepolicy2001amountto0.65billioneuro.TheshareofthefederalDeparttherelatedbudgets.Theinitialpolicycreditsforthetotalfederalinterdepartmentalbudgetparticularareaswhichfallunderitscompetence,aswellasexplicitlyformulatedcompetencesandThesecondpolicylevelconcernsthefederalgovernment.ThisstillcontrolsscientificresearchintoProgrammeforSciencePolicy2001,anddescribedindetailinthefollowingchapters,amountTheoverallpolicycreditsfromtheFlemishCommunity,asidentifiedintheHorizontalBudgetthings,ders.Inaddition,animportantaspectistheeducationandtrainingsupported,amongstotheraddition,therearesubsidiesforawholeseriesofresearchinstitutesbytheGovernmentofFlantext,aswellasthatintheFlemishscientificinstitutes,CBGS,IAP,IBW,IN,andKMSKA.InresearchintheFlemishresearchinstitutesIMEC,VITOandVIBisalsocarriedoutinthisconders,butalsosupportedthroughatransferoftechnologyandmeasuresrelatedtothis.Theaspectisthepromotionofindustrialandsocialresearch,funded,interalia,bytheIWTFlanties,theSpecialResearchFund(BOF)andtheFWOFlanders.Inaddition,thesecondmajorwherethemostimportantfundingmechanismsaretheoperationalsubsidiesfortheuniversiInthefirstplace,themajorareasofcompetenceconcerneducationandresearchinuniversities,researchandsocially-orientedresearch,andfinallyalsotheindustrialandsocialvalorizationofthefundamental(basic),non-orientedresearch,researchinthepre-valorizationstage,industrialAlltheseaspectscoverthewholerangeofdifferenttypesofscientificresearch,inparticular,Theentificinformationandcommunicationalsoformspartofthescienceandinnovationpolicy.valorizethefindingsofthescientificresearchasfaraspossible.Ahighqualityprovisionofsci-forthedevelopmentofindustrialandsocialappliedresearch.Finally,thepolicyendeavourstoandthepromotionofbasicresearchtoincreaseourknowledgebase.Thisisthenusedasabasisentific,technologicalandinnovationpolicy.ThispolicyisbasedonthetrainingofresearchersRegions.ThismeansthattheFlemishCommunityisfullycompetentforthewholerangeofscimarycompetencewithregardtosciencepolicyhasbeentransferredtotheCommunitiesandThefirstpolicylevelisthatofFlanders.SincetheSint-MichielsAgreementof1993,thepriinternationaldimensionofscienceandindustryisanotherimportantaspect.results.bythespecialisationgrantsofIWTFlandersandtheFWOFlandersmandates.1.155billioneuro.
highestEuropeanadvisorybodyforscienceandtechnology,composedofscientificalsorepresentedintheCREST(ScientificandTechnicalResearchCommittee).Thisisthetheprioritylinesoftheresearchprogrammesandareresponsiblefortheirmanagement.ItisTheFlemishCommunityisrepresentedintheEUprogrammecommittees,whichworkoutapproximatelytionalpossibilitiesforfundingresearch.ForFlanders,thismeansanadditionalbudgetofTheresearchprogrammesorganisedinthe“FrameworkProgramme”involvesignificantaddiinEurope.Furthermore,theaimistodevelopabettercoordinationofresearchanddevelopmentandexploitationoftheresearchresults,andtheimprovementoftrainingandmobilityinTreaty.”Tothisend,thereareinitiativestostimulateresearchprogrammes,thedistributionpromotingalltheresearchactivitiesdeemednecessarybyvirtueofotherChaptersofthisnityindustryandencouragingittobecomemorecompetitiveatinternationallevel,whilenityshallhavetheobjectiveofstrengtheningthescientificandtechnologicalbasesofCommu(exArticle130F)oftheTreatyestablishingtheEuropeanCommunitystates:“TheCommuThethirdlevelatwhichthesciencepolicyisdevelopedisintheEuropeanUnion.Article163levelitsforthewholeofBelgiumareintegrated,andthenthedataarepassedontotheinternationalthis.Theprocessedinformationispassedontothefederallevel,whereallthegovernmentcredmationonFlemishgovernmentcreditsforsciencepolicy,includingcreditsforR&Daspartofprocessingofdatatakesplaceattheappropriatelevel.AttheFlemishlevel,thisconcernsinfor-statisticsandscienceandtechnology,focusingontheinternationallevel.ThecollectionandTherefore,thiscooperationagreementregulatesthecollection,publicationandtransmissionofmustupinacooperationagreement”,andthecollectionandprocessingofstatisticswhichBelgiumapermanentinventoryofthescientificpotentialofthecountryinaccordancewithrulesdrawnThisspecificallyregulatesthecooperationondatabanksandstatistics,inparticular“drawingup1988,§2,sub6oftheSpecialActfortheReformofInstitutions,insertedbytheActof8AugustCooperationagreement(BelgianOff.Gaz.,17June1995)regardingtheexecutionofArt6bisspecialistmoreCommunitiesorRegions-witharightofvetoforForeignAffairs.TheCFScomprisesissueswhicharewhollyorpartlyrelatedtomatterswhichfallunderthecompetenceofoneorofinteresttotheState,theCommunitiesandtheRegions;thepreparationofjointpositionsonAmongstotherthings,thisagreementregulatesthedialogueoninternationalissueswhicharetheofthe“InternationalCooperation”commissions(CIS),and“FederalCooperation”(CFS)ofCooperationagreement(BelgianOff.Gaz.,1February1991)withregardtotheestablishmentare:sciencepolicyisarrangedinanumberofcooperationagreements.ThemostimportantoftheseThecooperationbetweentheCommunitiesandRegionsandthefederallevelwithregardtoitiestogetherwiththeCommunitiesandRegionswithregardtotheBelgiancooperationwithactivdationoftheFederalCouncilforSciencePolicy.Inaddition,thefederalgovernmentactsprogrammessubjecttotheagreementoftheCommunitiesandRegions,orontherecommenandtheirpublicservices.Thefederalgovernmentcanalsostartnewinitiativesandresearchofinternationalresearchagencies.InterministerialConferenceforSciencePolicy,dated1February1991.organs,includingtheCFS/STATforconsultationoninventoryandstatistics.andamendedbytheactof16July1993.submittotheEUandtheOECD.(EUandOECD).theCommunityandMemberStates.0.05-0.07billioneuroforuniversities,researchinstitutesandfirmstogether. chapterI.2–18
ofdecision-makingandmanagementprocessesinvolvedinresearchanddevelopmentatthelevelandtheCouncilofMinisters.Throughthesechannels,FlandersisalsoabletocontributetotherepresentativesoftheMemberStates.ItisCRESTwhichadvisestheEuropeanCommissiontheEU. chapterI.2–19
Chapter – I.3 The Flemish science, technology and innovation policy - division of competences within the Government of Flanders SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION 3.strengtheningthecollectiveinfrastructureoftheuniversities,institutesofhighereducation2.strengthening1.reorganisingInformationbelow.AmoredetailedandconcretesummaryofthepolicyinitiativesisgiveninPartIIIofthisministerssetoutanumberofpolicylinesandpolicypriorities,whicharebrieflydescribedIntheirjointpolicymemorandum,“ScienceandTechnologyPolicy–2000-2004”,thetwoministers.institutesofhighereducation.Othersarerelatedtothepolicyoptionsofthetwocompetentaswellasaneedforasoundbasicinfrastructureandresearchpossibilitiesatuniversitiesandnewchallenges,whichrequireananswernow,suchastheseriouslackofqualifiedresearchers,Nevertheless,thereareanumberofnewemphasesinthepolicy.SomeofthesearetheresultoftainableforinnovationinFlandersshouldcontributetolong-termwelfareandprosperity.Infact,susdegreeofcontinuity.ThemostimportantaxiominthisrespectisthatincreasingthecapacityTheobjectivesoftheFlemishscienceandtechnologypolicyarecharacterisedbyafairlyhighpolicy.discussions,withaviewtoachievingefficientdecisionmakingandacoherentandeffectiveCountryPlanningandMedia.However,theyactincloseconsultationonthebasisofmutualtionandTraining,andtheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEconomics,Townandisdividedbetweentwoministers,viz.,theMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEduca-InthepresentGovernmentofFlanders,thecompetencewithregardtotheactualsciencepolicy71.4strategic71.3scientific71.2scientific71.1generalOrganisationInthefirstplace,thereistheactualsciencepolicy.ThisconcernsthebudgetprogrammesofPOLICYDivision71(ScienceandInnovationAdministration):sciencepolicyresearchontheinitiativeoftheresearchersresearchwithaneconomicfocusresearchandpolicy-orientedresearchdevelopmentiscentralinthetechnologicalinnovationpolicy.Guide:andstrengtheninghighereducationbasicgroundbreakingscientificresearchandresearchinstitutes. chapterI.3–21
inObviouslytheimportanceoftheinternationalisationofscienceandtechnologyisnotforgottenhasInallthis,oneimportantandfundamentalpolicylineisthattheinitiativeofthepartiesinvolvedInAthoroughexaminationwillbecarriedoutinordertosimplifytheadministrativestructures.8.Rationalisationgeneralpowerinhighlytechnologicalsectors.Thethreeimportanttargetgroupsaretheyouth,theandtechnologyshouldalsobeincreased,particularlyinthelightofthedrasticshortageofmaninformedaboutthelatesttechnologicaldevelopments.TheinterestofyoungpeopleinscienceInordertodevelopandmaintainanadequatesocialfoundation,everylevelofsocietyshouldbe7.Supportingsisjectsproposedbybusinessesthemselves.GroupingbusinessesonaparticulartechnologicalbaThusinthepolicyontechnology,theemphasiswillmainlybeonsupportingtechnologicalproforproducts…ButtheseaspectsparticularlyformpartofthegeneralFlemisheconomicpolicy.estedinaspectssuchaspromotingriskcapital,simplifyingtherulesanddeterminingthenormsmenttechniques,etc.)ismuchmoredifficult.TheGovernmentofFlandersiscertainlyinteriftheycomplywiththesecriteria.Interveninginotherinnovativeareas(suchasnewmanage-jectsproposedbybusinessesthemselvesareevaluatedagainstqualitycriteria,andaresubsidisedAcentralaspectconcernsgovernmentsubsidiesfortechnologicalinnovationinindustry.Pro-6.Supportingastutes,newFlemishcentresofexcellencewillbesupportedwithaviewtoestablishingFlanderstheycanbeusedformorethanoneapplication/sector.Inadditiontotheexistingresearchinsti-necessarytostrengthenthebasicresearch.Afterall,thisproducesresultsofagenericnature:fiveyears),orwhichprovidesustainablealternativestothecurrentapproach.Thereforeitisnologieswhichprovidesolutionsforeconomicorsocialproblemsinthemediumterm(fourorInapolicyfocusingonsustainabledevelopment,itisessentialtoinvestinknowledgeandtech5.Technologicalbasicresearch:knowledgeforindustry,thenon-profitsectorandtheresearchinginformationwhichallowsthegovernmenttoactinaproactiveway.Inaddition,thereistimeperspectiveofthreetofiveyears-orevenlonger.ThistypeofresearchisaimedatgeneratResearchthatisrelevanttopolicyidentifiesandstudiesproblems,andthenplacestheminacentralneedforitsdecisionstobesoundlysupported.ThereforeresearchthatisrelevanttopolicyisofAstheproblemsbecomemorecomplex,theGovernmentofFlandersrecognisesthegreater4.ResearchaccessinthedevelopmentofahighqualityFlemishcomputernetwork,withinternationallinksandresearchers(bothinindustryandintheresearchworld).Inaddition,investmentsmustbemadeattheuniversities,butalsoprovidesasolutionfortacklingthedrasticshortageofqualifiedticincreaseinthefundsoftheSpecialResearchFund(BOF).Thiswillstimulatebasicresearchincreasingtheoperationalsubsidiesandinvestmentcreditsfortheuniversities,aswellasadrasThenecessarymeasureshavebeentakenfortherealisationofthesethreepolicylines,suchastoelectronicdocumentationcentres.inpreparationofpolicy:aresponsetothenewsocialchallengesimportanceinpolicyfocusingonsustainabledevelopment.insupportofpolicy,aimedatrespondingtoshort-termquestionsregardingpolicy.governmentaleaderinthefield.technologicalinnovationinFlemishindustryisanotherimportantfocusofattention.scienceinformationpublicandthebusinessworld.basedonareorganisationoftheadministrativestructuresthiscontext,acompleterangeofinstrumentswillbedevelopedforpolicyindicators.priority–bothinuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes,andinindustry.allthis. chapterI.3–22
chapterI.3–23
Thecificregardtoparticularbasicallocationsforwhichtherearecreditsforsciencepolicyfortheirsperelatedtothem.ThereforealltheministersoftheGovernmentofFlandersarecompetentwithfields(includingresearchinsupportofpolicy),aswellastheotherscientificactivitiescloselyfortheinitiativeswithregardtoscientificresearch,whichleadtoknowledgeinspecificpolicywiththeactualsciencepolicy,andissupportedbyasectoralsciencepolicy.ThisisresponsibleThereforethepolicyontheenvironment,economy,publichealthetc.,iswhollyinterrelatedItisclearthatthepolicyconcernedaffectseveryaspectofourenvironmentandactivities.SECTORALmationaneconomicfocus)andIII.4(strategicresearchandresearchinsupportofpolicy)ofthisInforsciencepolicy),ChapterIII.2(researchontheinitiativeoftheresearchers),III.3(researchwithThescience,technologyandinnovationpolicyisdescribedindetailinChaptersIII.1(generalGuide.SCIENCEPOLICYfieldofcompetence.sectoralsciencepolicyisdescribedindetailinChapterIII.5ofthisInformationGuide.
Chapter I.4 The administrative structures of the Flemish science policy managementThischaptergivesabriefoutlineofthecompositionoftheadministrativestructurefortheofsciencepolicy.Itconsistsof: Acentraladministration: ThePolicyMinistryofFlanders.TheadministrationwasestablishedwhentheDecreeonAdministrativepolicy.TheadministrationispartoftheScience,InnovationandMediaDepartmentofthenomics,TownandCountryPlanningandMedia,withthepreparationandimplementationofFlandersforEducationandTraining,andtheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEco-TheScienceandInnovationAdministration.ThissupportstheMinisteroftheGovernmentofenteredintoeffecton12December1990.mostimportantkeytasksoftheAdministrationare:•thepreparation,implementationandsupportofthepolicy.Thepolicypreparation,interalia,bydrawingupabudgetforseveralyears,policyevaluation,e.g.,usingeffectivenessanalyses;•thehorizontalcoordinationofthescienceandtechnologypolicy,internallyintheMinistryofFlanders,andwiththerelevantPublicInstitutionsandtheFlemishInstitutionsforPublicWelfare;•thedefenceofthepositionsoftheGovernmentofFlandersandtheFlemishCommunityinfederalandinternationalconsultationorgans,thepublicationofresearchactivitiesattheselevelsandthestimulationandsupportofFlemishscientistsintheirparticipation.Thepromotionofbilateralcooperation;•thecoordinationandexecutionofactivitiesrelatedtoscientificinformation;•monitoringthescienceandtechnologypolicyanditseffects–aswellasdevelopinginstrumentsforthemeasurementandassessmentofquality;•thefollow-upofscientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentsattheFlemish,federalandinternationallevels.
TheFWOFlandersandIWTFlandersInstitutes: CountryPlanningandMedia.Itisanintermediaryorganwhichdistributesthefundsamongstcompetentminister,theMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEconomics,TownandIWTFlanders:implementspolicyrelatedtoindustryandoperateswithintheguidelinesofthe chapterI.4–25
Theadministrationsresponsibleforthesectoralsciencepolicy: whichmediapolicy),thevariousadministrationsarecompetentforthosesciencepolicyinitiativesWithintheAZF,COO,OND,WVC,EWBL,LINandWIMdepartments(asregardsthesupporttheirownpolicyandgivethemform.
decision-makingandresearchinstitutes.AgainthisisinaccordancewithsetselectioncriteriaandevaluationandtionandTraining.ItisanintermediaryorganwhichdistributesthefundsamongstuniversitiesateswithintheguidelinesprovidedbytheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEducaFWOFlanders:implementspolicywithregardtobasicresearchattheuniversities–andoperdecision-makingbusinessesandresearchinstitutes,inaccordancewithsetselectioncriteriaandevaluationandprocedures.procedures. Thethreeresearchinstitutes: izetheTheFlandersInteruniversityInstituteforBiotechnology(VIB):tostimulateresearchandvalormaterials.servicesinthreeresearchfields:non-nuclearenergy,theenvironment,rawmaterialsandnewTheFlemishInstituteforTechnologicalResearch(VITO):ResearchandDevelopment,andfieldTheInteruniversityMicro-ElectronicsCentre(IMEC):researchactivitiesandservicesintheofmicro-electronicsingeneral,andthetechnologyofintegratedsystemsinparticular.resultsofthisresearchinthefieldofbiotechnology. Thefivescientificinstitutes: The Centre for Population and Family Studies (CBGS): • andstudiesandresearchespopulationandfamilyissuestodevelopactivitiesforademographicfamilypolicy; • gives advice on population and family policy; • publishes the results of its research. The Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW): • fisheries;carriesoutscientificstudiesandresearchonforests,themanagementofgameandfreshwater • passes on the knowledge and experience that is gained to the competent authorities. The Institute of Nature Conservation (IN): • carries out scientific studies and research related to the conservation of nature; • carries out applied ecological and eco-hydrological research; • thecollectsdocumentation,passesonknowledgeandinsightsontheconservationofnaturetocompetentauthorities; • TheTheprovidesscientificinformationandgivesadvice,ontheinstructionsofthecompetentminister,topublicdepartmentsandlegalpersons.InstitutefortheArchaeologicalHeritage(IAP):•managesandprotectsthearchaeologicalheritageinFlanders;•carriesoutscientificresearchinthisfield.RoyalMuseumofFineArts–Antwerp(KMSKA):•acquires,conserves,restoresandexhibitsitsownartcollection;•carriesoutscientificresearch;•publishescataloguesoffundsandannualaccounts;•organisesexhibitionsintheKMSKAandabroad;•organiseseducationalactivities:thetrainingofeducationalassistants,coursesforadults,lessonsforteachersandschools,guidedtours,lecturesandworkshopsforyoungpeople,publications;•organisesdocumentaryactivities:specialistlibrary,archivesandrecordsofthecollection. chapterI.4–26
Theadvisoryorgans: administrations,mentofFlandersforsciencepolicy,andthepartiesinvolved,thedifferentdepartmentsandTheenclosedtableprovidesasurveyofthedivisionofthetasksofthemembersoftheGovernscientificIWTandFWO(1996and1999),theIMECandVITOresearchinstitutes(1997)andthefivetionGuidesincludedanalysesofexpenditure,withdetaileddescriptionsoftheactivitiesoftheScience,TechnologyandInnovationInformationGuide”.Inaddition,thesuccessiveInformaAmoredetaileddescriptionoftheinstitutionsandadvisoryorganscanbefoundinthe“1996onTheRoyalAcademyofMedicineformulatesrecommendationstotheGovernmentofFlandersandTheRoyalFlemishAcademyofBelgiumforSciencesandArtsformulatesrecommendationssonologypolicytotheGovernmentofFlandersandtheParliamentofFlanders.TheCouncildoesTheFlemishCouncilforSciencePolicyformulatesrecommendationsonthescienceandtechwhenitisrequestedtodoso,andalsoonitsowninitiative.proposalstotheGovernmentofFlandersinthefieldofsciences,literatureandfinearts.medicalsciences,medicaltrainingandmedicalpractice.institutes(1998).FlemishPublicInstitutions,researchandscientificinstitutes. chapterI.4–27
chapterI.4–28
Adequate in situ sampling of a measuring unit an element
mobile
important
is
in search for solutions for environmental problems. (Photograph VITO) 29 HORIZONTALBUDGETPROGRAMMEFORSCIENCEPOLICY
PARTII
HORIZONTAL BUDGET PROGRAMME FOR SCIENCE POLICY
by means
Chapter – II.1 Definitions - aim involvedtransparentandcoherentbudgetprogrammeforthepeopleresponsibleforpolicyandallthoseingonthecorrectfigurestotheinternationalforum.However,itisalsoimportanttodrawupaAwell-structuredandcorrectlycomposedHBPWBisthereforeofcrucialimportanceforpassofareas,asclassifiedaccordingtotheNABScode(NomenclaturefortheanalysisandcomparisontheR&Dcredits,thereisalsoanindicationoftheclassificationwhichisusedfortheresearchforR&DwhicharemadeavailabletotheOECDareseparatefromthetwootheractivities.Forsummaryofthecreditsforsciencepolicy,whichcomprisesR&D,STETandSTS.Thefigureseffortsofthegovernmentandindustryinthevariouscountries.ForBelgium,thereisafederalTheresourcesforR&DareincludedbytheOECDinstatisticswhichareusedtocomparethethevices(STS).TheclassificationintoR&D,STETandSTSfollowstheinternationaldefinitionofanddevelopment(R&D),educationandtraining(STET),andscientificandtechnologicalsercanbedistinguishedinthesesortsofcreditscanbeindicatedforeverybasicallocation:researchForthefurtheranalysisofthesecredits,theproportionofdifferentscientificactivitieswhichareas.ItispossibletoexploretheevolutioninFlemishsciencepolicybymeansoftimeseries.immediatelyrevealswheretheemphasisliesintheoverallsciencepolicyandthevariouspolicyfigures,togetherwiththecontentofthepolicyforthecredits.ThereforetheannualHBPWBfundscientificactivitiesinFlanders.Foreachbasicallocation,explanationsaregivenwiththeThesummaryofthecreditsforeachyearrevealstheeffortsoftheGovernmentofFlanderstowherementsandFlemishPublicInstitutions(VOIs)foractivitiesrelatedtosciencepolicy.ItindicatesTheHBPWBgivesaninsightintothecreditswhicharemadeavailableinthevariousdepart-tercatesthebasicallocationswhicharewhollyorpartlyallocatedtothesciencepolicywiththeletinnovationinthebudgetofaparticularyear.Theadministrativebudgetofexpenditureindisummaryofthecompetences,activitiesandprogrammesrelatedtoscience,technologyandTheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeForSciencePolicy(HBPWB)providesanoverallbudget“W”.thesefundsgo,andwhoisinvolvedintheirallocation.FRASCATIManual(forthesedefinitions,seeChapterI.1).sciencificprogrammesandbudgets–alsoseeChapterI.1).inFlemishsciencepolicy. chapterII.1–31
Chapter – II. 2 Drawing up the Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy 3°Thebygovernmentwishestoimplementintermsofscience,technologyandinnovation.ThisisdoneThereforethe“HorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy”reflectsthepolicywhichthetheits.Theseindicatethepolicyscopeforaparticularpolicyarea.Thereforetheydonotinclude2°TheHBPWBcontainsonlytherecordedcreditsandtheauthorisationsforrecordingcredogyPolicy(asdescribedintheFRASCATIManual),aswellastheinternationalNABSterminolnationaldefinitionsareusedwhendrawinguptheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforScienceparetheeffortsofgovernmentsandindustryataninternationallevel.Thatiswhycurrentinter-ThefundsforResearchandDevelopmentareincludedbytheOECDinthestatisticstocom-the1°Thefiguresmustbecomparableatthefederallevelandattheinternationallevel,whereallInFlemishthecontent.Alargeproportionofthedatacomefromthecompetentadministrationsandthebasic“science”allocationsaresystematicallycollected,andthereisalsoananalysisintermsofTodrawuptheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy(HBPWB),thedataofthePublicInstitutions.drawinguptheHBPWBthefollowingprinciplesapply:dataarecollectedandpublished(EuropeanUnionandOECD).(definitions,seeChapterI.1).ordinancecredits.providingasummaryoftheavailablecreditsandtherelatedcontent.HBPWBmustbecoherentandtransparentonthebasisofthefollowingprinciples:•Allthebasicallocationsmustclearlyrefertothosescientificactivitiesthatarefundedbythem.•Inaddition,theymustretaintheircharacterofa“scientific”basicallocationforseveralyears.Thisallowsforananalysisoveralongerperiod.•TheHBPWBmustprovideasummaryofthevarioustypesoffunding,activitiesandprogrammes,whichtogetherconstitutetheFlemishSciencePolicy. chapterII.2–33
• An“explanatorymemorandum”mustbedrawnuponthecontentoftheprojectsandinitiativesforwhichthecreditsareusedforeachbasicallocation,toaccompanythesummariesofthecreditsforsciencepolicy. • linesTheHBPWBmustalsoprovideasummaryandexplanationofthemostimportantpolicyforimportantfoundations,scientificinstitutesandresearchinstitutes. chapterII.2–34
PARTIII
HORIZONTAL BUDGET PROGRAMME FOR SCIENCE POLICY 2001
VIB – MAF (Micro-Array Facility) – Paul Van Hummelen Ph.D.
35 HORIZONTALBUDGETPROGRAMMEFORSCIENCEPOLICY2001
By means of microarrays, the characteristics of a large number of DNA fragments can be traced simultaneously. Each spot visualizes the level of expression of one specific gene.
sumThemultipliersindicatewhatproportionofthecreditisallocatedtoR&D,STETorSTS.TheeachEachchapterstartswithanexplanatorytext,followedbythetablewithbasicallocations.For2001,ThefirstfivechaptersofPartIIIprovideanoutlineofthecreditsforscienceandtechnologyfordestination.nentoftheadministrativebudget,withthecreditsallocatedtothelatter-togetherwiththeirWithinthebudgetprogrammes,thebasicallocationsaresummarisedasanumberedcompo-istration,administrations.Thisishowtheorganisationdivision42comesundertheHealthCareAdmin-get)programmesarethevariouspolicydomainswhichfallunderthecompetenceofthesetiondivisions.Thesecorrespondtotheadministrationswithinadepartment.Infact,the(bud-withanoutlineofallthepolicyfundsforthevariousbudgetprogrammeswithintheorganisa-TheHBPWBgroupstogetherallthebasicallocationsforthescienceandtechnologypolicy,Thesummaryofthecreditsforscienceandtechnologyfollowstheusualhierarchicalclassificacomprises:ThisoutlineoftheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy(HBPWB)2001•thebasicallocations(BAs)forthesciencepolicybudgetgroupedinthebudgetprogrammes:71.1generalsciencepolicy71.2scientificresearchontheinitiativeoftheresearchers71.3scientificresearchwithaneconomicfocus71.4strategicresearchandpolicy-orientedresearchwhichfalldirectlyunderthecompetenceoftheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEducationandTraining,ontheonehand,theMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEconomics,TownandCountryPlanningandMediaontheotherhand,orunderthesharedcompetenceofbothministers.Thebasicallocationsoftheformerprogrammes71.1,71.2and71.3wereredistributedoverthefournewprogrammes,inaccordancewiththeuseofthesecredits.•ThecreditsforscienceandtechnologyallocatedbytheBAs,whichfallunderthecompetencesoftheotherministersoftheGovernmentofFlanders.tionoftheadministrativebudget:•department•organisationdivision(OA)•budgetprogramme(prog.)•basicallocation(BA)includingtheprogrammes42.1PublicHealth,42.2Medical-socialPolicy,etc.onthebasisoftheprogrammes.budgetprogramme,andforeachbasicallocation,thefollowinginformationisgiven.•KR2001(Credit2001):theentirecreditsallocatedtoaparticularBA;•WB2001(SciencePolicy2001):thesumactuallyallocatedforsciencepolicy.Theremainderisallocatedtoothernon-scientificactivities;•R&D:theamountoftheBAthatisintendedforR&D(ResearchandDevelopment)in2001;•STET:theamountoftheBAthatisintendedforSTET(EducationandTraining)in2001;•STS:theamountoftheBAthatisintendedforSTS(ScientificandTechnologicalServices)in2001;•MR&D:themultiplierforR&D;•MSTET:themultiplierforSTET;•MSTS:themultiplierforSTS.oftheseproportionsofcourseequalstheshareofthatBAforsciencepolicy. PartIII–37
Theonwithregardtothefiguresandschedules.ThetablesofanalysesinChapterIII.7arealsobasedParliamentofFlanders.However,theintentionisalsotoensureacertaindegreeofconsistencyble.ThereforeitisnotpossibletowaitfortheadaptedbudgetwhichhasbeenapprovedbytheinvolvedinFlemishSciencepolicy,thisguideshouldbepublishedasearlyintheyearaspossi-TechnologyandInnovationInformationGuideisaimedatprovidinginformationtoallthose20December2000”.Thereasonforadoptingtheinitialcreditsisobvious:AstheScience,oftheFlemishCommunityfortheBudgetyear2001,adoptedbytheParliamentofFlandersonofthebudgetfor2001ascontainedinthe“DecreerelatingtotheGeneralExpenditureBudgetThecreditsindicatedhereintheHBPWB2001concerntheinitialcredits,inparticular,thoseinChapterIII.8givesanapproximatecalculationoftheR&DeffortsasapercentageoftheGDPfieldsetc.Thischapterthereforegivesaclearpictureoftheallocationofthebudgetoverthemaintionofthefunds:thefundsfornon-appliedresearch,theglobalfundsforindustrialresearch,InchapterIII.7thecreditsforscienceandtechnologyareregroupedaccordingtothedestinaandsciencepolicyinrelationtothenewemphasesinpolicy,fortheprogrammes71.1,71.2,71.3ChapterIII.6providesaconcisesurveyofthereallocationofthenew(additional)creditsforForIneverycase,theoverallsumsarealsogivenfortheProgrammes71.1,71.2,71.3and71.4.endInaddition,theNABScodeisgivenfortheR&Dcredits.ThelistofNABScodesfollowsattheofthisintroductorytext.thesectoralsciencepolicy,thetotalsaregivenperdepartment.71.4.ofactionofsciencepolicy,aswellastheevolutionduringtheperiod1993-2001.Flanders.theinitialcredits,ascoherenceisalsoimportantinthisrespect.creditsareexpressedinmillionsofeuro(EUR). PartIII–38
List of the NABS codes. Some of the BAs were analysed to the sub-NABS level. 1EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION OF THE EARTH 2INFRASTRUCTURE AND GENERAL PLANNING OF LAND USE 2.0General research 2.1General planning of land-use 3CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 3.0General research on the environment 3.1Protection of atmosphere and climate 3.2Protection of ambient air 3.3Solid 3.4Protectionwasteof ambient water (excluding groundwater) 3.5Protection of soil and ground water 3.6Abatement of noise and vibration 3.7Protection of species and habitats 3.8Protection against natural hazards 3.9Protection against radioactive radiation 3.10Other research on the environment 4PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF HUMAN 13DEFENCE12OTHER11NON-ORIENTED10RESEARCH9EXPLORATION8.9Other8.7Social8.6Political8.5Social8.4Improvement8.3Management8.2Cultural8.1Education,8.0Research8SOCIAL7INDUSTRIAL6.9Other6.6Food6.5Forestry6.4Crops6.3Veterinary6.2Fisheries6.1Animal6.0General6AGRICULTURAL5PRODUCTION,DISTRIBUTIONANDRATIONALUTILISATIONOFHEALTHENERGYPRODUCTIONANDTECHNOLOGYresearchproductsandfish-farmingmedicineandtimberproductiontechnologyresearchonagriculturalproductionandtechnologyPRODUCTIONANDTECHNOLOGYSTRUCTURESANDRELATIONSHIPSofageneralnaturetraining,lifelonglearningandretrainingactivitiesofbusinessesandinstitutionsofworkingconditionssecuritysystemstructureofsocietychange,socialprocessesandsocialconflictsresearchwithregardtosocietyANDEXPLOITATIONOFSPACEFINANCEDFROMGENERALUNIVERSITYFUNDSRESEARCHCIVILRESEARCH PartIII–39
Chapter – III.1 General Science Policy “FlemishSTIIndicatorBook”andstudiesrelevantforR&D,tosupportsciencepolicy.FirstofdrawingupmostoftheSTIindicatorsandSTIstatistics,thecoordinationoftheeditionofthetheProgrammeforPolicy-orientedResearch.ThisSTISupportCentrewillberesponsibleforThefundingofanSTISupportCentreisbeingexaminedinthecontextofthereorganizationofpaignsforcommunicationinitiatives(incl.website,publications,mediaspace,communicationcamandotherorganisations.0.25EURhasbeenreallocatedtothenewbasicallocation71.112.20In2001,0.62mln.EURisallocatedtoBA12.01fortheexaminationofIMEC,FWOFlandersactivitiesBA12.01Expenditurerelatedtothedesign,preparationandimplementationofscientific9.Develop8.Inform7.Encourage6.Detectandvaloriseunusedpotentialinthepureandappliedsciences-especiallywithregard5.Increase4.Scientific3.Balanced2.Efficient1.TransparentTo3.Strengtheningthecollectiveinfrastructureofuniversities,institutesofhighereducationand2.Science1.Rationalizationofthepreparation,implementation,monitoringandevaluationofscienceWithinThepackage.supportit,itspublication,andtheintegrationintheinternationalforum,alsofallunderthisevaluationoftheFlemishscience,technologyandinnovationpolicy.TheinstrumentsusedtoencePolicy”.Thiscomprisestherequiredactivitiesfortheoverallconception,elaborationandThe71.1budgetprogrammeprovidesanoverviewofalltheexpenditureforthe“GeneralSciexpenditureforthisprogrammeamountsto13.05millionEUR.thebudgetprogramme,thefollowingstrategicobjectivesaredistinguished:andtechnologyinnovationpolicy;informationandpopularisation:increasingthesocialbasis(publicsupport);researchinstitutes.realizethesestrategicobjectives,thefollowingoperationalobjectivesareputforward:policystructurespolicyindicatorscounsellingforsciencepolicysupportfortheintendedpolicyinitiativesoftheinput,outputandflowforthepureandappliedsciencestothegirlsenterpriseamongstFlemishyouthandthepublicthepublicofsocialandtechnologicaldevelopmentsahighlyefficientFlemishelectronicnetwork…)oftheScienceandInnovationAdministration. chapterIII.1–41
society.technologyandinnovationinasocietythatisincreasinglyevolvingtowardsaknowledge-basedobjectiveunderlyingthispolicyistostrengthenthesupportofthegeneralpublicforscience,importanttopicwithintheoverallscienceandtechnologicalinnovationpolicy.ThestrategicThepolicycorcerningthepopularisationofscience,technologyandinnovationremainsaninnovate)Thecredit(0.6millionEUR)whichwasallocatedforthecampaign“DurfInnoveren"(DaretoallocationsFortheyear2001,thetotalbudgetamountsto4.1millionEUR,dividedoverthetwobasicBA33.01AvarietyofsubsidiesforthecommunicationofsciencepolicyandscientificresearchandBAGovernmenthasefficient,competentandtransparentadministrativestructuresatitsdisposal.nized.Indeed,apowerfulscienceandtechnologyinnovationpolicyispossibleonlyiftheenceandtechnologyinnovationpolicy,aswellashighereducation,willbethoroughlyreorgatheadministrativestructuresinvolvedinthepreparation,follow-upandevaluationofthescibeseeninthecontextofthereorganisationoftheFlemishauthorities(DeclarationofLeuven)-beperformedbyFlemishandinternationalexpertsinR&Dandpolicymanagement.Thiscanthecourseof2001toprovidegreaterpolicytransparencyandefficiency.ThisexaminationwillThevariousinstitutionsandadministrationsandthedivisionoftheirtaskswillbeexaminedinwithtechnology(VIB)inthecourseof2000,inpreparationofthenewmanagementagreementInaddition,anexaminationwascarriedoutoftheFlandersInteruniversityInstituteforBio-sationOnthebasisoftheconclusionsofthisReport,policyadvicewasformulatedsothattheorgani-researchthedegreeofimplementationoftheresearchresultsinthepolicy,viz.,theusefulnessofthewayinwhichthisresearchwasfollowedupbytheadministrationandpolicymakers,andfinallyextenttowhichthisresearchwascompleted(forexample,theexistenceoffinalreports),thewasevaluatedfortheperiod1994-1999.Theevaluationcoveredtheproceduresused,theitsforpolicy-orientedresearch.Onthisbasis,therelevanceandqualityofthistypeofresearchcourseof2000.First,alistwasdrawnupofthebasicallocationsintheBudget2000,withcredThetaskofdrawingupthe“InventoryforPolicy-orientedResearch”wascompletedduringthe(e.g.,ensured,aswellasthecollaborationwithotheradministrationsoftheMinistryofFlanderstionwithfederalandinternationalauthoritiesonthesciencebudgetandR&Dstatisticsarealsosciencepolicy.Theedition2001willalsobeavailableonCD-ROM.ConsultationandinteracanEnglish-languageversionispublishedtopromotetheinternationalreputationofFlemishitssixtheditionin2001.TheInformationGuideisalsoavailableontheInternet.Inaddition,befoundinthisInformationGuideforScience,TechnologyandInnovation,whichisnowinturehavebeendrawnupforparticularsectorsofFlemishsciencepolicy.TheresultsofthiscanattheFlemishlevel.Onthisbasis,analysesoftheexpenditureandtheevolutionofthisexpendi1996tofollowupthegovernmenteffortswithregardtoresearch,technologyandinnovationTheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicyhasbeendrawnupeveryyearsincewithashighereducation.ThentheGovernmentofFlanderswilldrawupamanagementagreementmentationandevaluationofscienceandtechnologyinnovationpolicywillbedecided-aswellall,thereorganizationoftheadministrativestructuresresponsibleforthepreparation,impletheSTISupportCentretodecideontheobjectivestoberealized.thePlanningandStatisticsAdministration).forthepolicymakersandforsocietyasawhole.andfollowupofthepolicy-orientedresearchcouldbeasefficientaspossible.theGovernmentofFlandersforthenextfiveyears.12.03Popularisationofscienceandtechnology12.03(3.63mln.EUR)and33.01(0.47mln.EUR).hasbeenremovedfromBA71.1012.05andtransferredtoBA71.1012.03. chapterIII.1–42
Thesewillwhereassomeofthemaremorespecificandaretoberealisedintheshortterm,thoughtheyobjectivesareformulatedinmoregeneraltermsandshouldbeconsideredlong-termobjectives,Thestrategicobjectiveofthepolicyissupportedbyeightoperationalaims.Someofthesehavetobeconsolidatedinthelongterm.eightoperationalobjectivesareasfollows: General: • logicalToprovideinformationaboutscienceandtechnologyingeneral,andscientificandtechnoresearchinparticular. • researchToraisetheawarenessoftheimportanceofscientificand(innovative)technologicalandinnovation. • To justify the budget which the government allocates to this research and innovation. • To create a culture that welcomes technological innovation. Specific: • sciences.Toincreasethenumberofstudentswhostart,completeandremaininthepureandapplied • To encourage entrepreneurs to innovate (in technology). • Todiscoverunusedpotential,especiallygirls,andtoinvolvethemintheobjectivesmentionedabove. • To raise the awareness of the general owncompetences.TheinstrumentstobeusedincludetheplanofactionforScienceInformaFlandersforEducationandTraining,aretryingtoremedythissituationonthebasisoftheirEconomics,TownandCountryPlanningandMediaandtheMinisteroftheGovernmentofTheGovernmentofFlanders,andinparticulartheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersfortheobjectivesintheshortandthelongterm.Onthewhole,thisshouldcontributetoimprovingIfthistrendistochange,anintensiveandbalancedplanofactionwillhavetorealisecertainhumandemandthatisgrowingallthetime,butforwhichthereisnoimmediatesolutionintermsofincludesthedemandforpeopleskilledinscienceandtechnologyintheindustrialsociety,aatthemoment,whichwill–accordingtorecentstudies–onlyincreaseinthefuture.ThisspecificobjectivesareaimedatspecifictargetgroupsandarerelatedtospecificneedsinsocietyThegeneralobjectivesaretogenerateachangeintheattitudeofthegeneralpublic,whilethepublic.potential.currentsituation.tionandInnovation.Thisplanofactionispartofthegovernment’sgeneralscienceandinnovationpolicy.However,theindustrialworldisalsomakinggreateffortstoresolvethesematters.Itisthegovernment’sintentiontoestablishaconsultativebodywherethegovernment,theindustrialandeducationalworldandemployersingeneralcanmeetandspecificallydebatetheabove-mentionedproblemsinordertogenerateacoordinatedresponse.Theimportancethatisattachedtothepopularisationofscience,technologyandinnovationinthegeneralscienceandinnovationpolicyisreflectedintheabove-mentioned(annual)planofaction.Awholerangeofinitiativesfordifferenttargetgroupsarepresentedinthisplanofaction.Themostimportantcharacteristicsoftheseinitiativesare:•Theefficiencyoftheinitiativesandtheirpossiblecontinuationshouldbeclearlybasedonpriorscientificresearchandimpactstudiescarriedoutafterwards.•Interactive,i.e.,thetargetgrouponwhichtheparticularinitiativeisfocused,shouldbeabletolearnsomethingthroughactiveinvolvementand,ifpossible,gainadifferent(i.e.,notstereotypical)viewofscientificandtechnologicalresearch. chapterIII.1–43
• Thoseinitiativeswhichareconcernedwiththeeducationalworldshouldinvolvetheeducationalprogrammesandthetrainingofteachers. • regulartiesinvolved.Onewayofdoingthisistostimulatethepartiesconcerned,withstructuralandContinuityandpermanence,i.e.,constantnewinitiatives,tokeeptheattentionofalltheparcooperation. • ThetechnologicalinnovationandeducationareclearlyincorporatedandaretranslatedintoconTheplanofactionfor2001isthefirstinwhichthecompetencesforscientificinformation,considered.Allinclusive:allthescientificdisciplines(includingthehumanities)andinnovationsarecreteinitiatives.Importantcharacteristicsofthisplanofactionarethefactthatithasasoundscientificbasis,adoptsadirectapproachtowardsteachers,andtakesthegenderissueintoconsideration.Theplanofactionfor2001isalsothefirstinwhichscientificinformationislinkedtothestimulationofinnovation(alsointermsoffunding).Therearenumerousinterfacesbetweenthetwotopics.Theaimisthatthetwotypesofinitiativewillstrengthenandsupplementeachother.Inthisplanofactionmoreattentionwillbedevotedtothemedia,andmaximumattentionwillbedevotedtothegenderissue.Thiswillbetakenintoconsiderationwhenactionsareoutlinedanddeveloped,inordertocorrespondwithsectoralpolicyinthisrespect.Asmentionedabove,thisplanofactionwillforthefirsttimedirectspecificactionsatteachers,astheyplayanimportantintermediaryroleasregardsthepupilsstillatschool.Itisthereforeessentialtoincludethemasfaraspossibletostrengthentheobjectivesoftheplanofaction.Fromtheabove,itisobviousthattoagreatextent,theplanofactionisdirectedateveryaspectoftheeducationalworld.Closecooperationbetweenthetwoareasofcompetenceisthereforenecessarytoachievethemosteffectiveresults,complementarityandsynergy.Theplanofactionistheresultofthiskindofclosecooperationbetweenthetwoabove-mentionedministers.Asinthepast,thedifferenttargetgroupsaretargetedinstages.Inthefirstplace,thismeansthatbroadawareness-raisingcampaignsareintroduced,andsecondly,thatin-depthactionsareestablished,thelatterinvolvingspecifictargetedactions.Thesein-depthactionsaresetuponthebasisofspecificobjectives,andaredirectedatspecifictargetgroups,mainlyyoungpeople.Thesetargetgroupsaredeterminedbasedonthefactthatthoseconcernedareeitheratacrucialstageintheireducationorwithinacertainagegroup,orareconnectedtothegenderissue.Theplanofactionconsistsoffiveparts:•TheestablishmentofaconsultativebodywithrespecttoScienceInformationandInnovation.•Theplanisbasedonscientificresearch.•Awareness-raisingcampaigns(mediacampaignsarepartofthisgroup).•Targetedactions(directedatspecifictargetgroupsorobjectives).•Theinternationaldimensionofscientificinformationandstimulationofinnovation.followinginstrumentsareusedtoachievetheabove-mentionedobjectives:•Theconsultativebodybringsthegovernment,theindustrialworldandemployersingeneral,andtheeducationalworldtogethertotackletheproblemoftheshortageofscientificallyandtechnicallyskilledworkers.Theobjectivesoftheconsultativebodyareasfollows:Toimprovetheimageofthepureandappliedsciencesandtoincreasetheattractionofscientificandtechnicalprofessions.Toincreasethenumberofstudentsthatstart,concludeandremaininthepureandappliedsciences. chapterIII.1–44
ToforceToinvolvegirlsactivelyinthegenderissueinordertogenerateapotentialextralabourfortheabove-mentionedprofessions.createapositiveattitudetowardstechnologicalinnovation. • objectives.Theplanofactionitselfconsistsoffiveparts,toeffectivelyrelatethetargetgroupstothe • Therealisationoftheplanofaction,whichismainlydonebythirdparties.Themostimportantofthesearethestructuralpartnersofthegovernment,whosecooperationisbasedonanagreementwiththeFlemishCommunity.ThemostimportantstructuralpartnersaretheFlandersTechnologyInternationalFoundation/Technopolis,the(astronomy)observatories(ofthepeople),theorganisersofscientificcompetitions(mainly“Olympiads”),theTOBOnetwork(TOBO=TechnologicalEducationinprimaryEducation),andbusinesses. • Accesstoanefficientcomputernetworkisessentialforuniversities,institutesofhighereducaBAaboutingfunction,whichisresponsibleforthethoroughpreparationofthepolicyoninformationResearch,effectandimpactstudiesandevaluationsaspartofordirectedbyanewmonitorscience.12.06FlandersElectronicWebtionandresearchinstitutes.Thereforeasumof2.48mln.EURhasbeenallocatedforthefur-therdevelopmentofanelectronicresearchwebinFlanders.Theuniversitiesarealreadyconnectedtothefederalweb,“BELNET”.Asaresponsetothegrowingneedsoftheresearchcommunity,thefederalgovernmentdecidedtoprogressivelyincreasethepowerofthisweb.However,theinstitutesofhighereducationhavenoaccessoronlyrestrictedaccesstotheweb.Therefore,theywillalsobeconnectedtoitin2001.Further-more,thepossibilitiesofprovidingaccessforbusinesseswillbeexaminedatalaterstage.BA12.20Avarietyofcommunicationinitiativesrelatedtoscience,technologyandinnovationAbudgetof0.25mln.EURwastransferredfromBA71.112.01toBA71.112.20forthecommunicationinitiatives(includingwebsite,publications,mediaspace,communicationcampaigns...)oftheScienceandInnovationAdministration.BA12.28ResearchundertheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforSciencePolicyandTechnologySpecificprojectsrelatedtopolicysupportwillbefundedwiththesecredits(0.35millionEUR).BA33.03SubsidyfortheFlandersTechnologyInternationalFoundation(FTI)Thesecredits,allocatedin2000onBAs12.25and33.03ofprogramme71.3,wereregroupedin2001onBA33.03(2.13million)ofprogramme71.1.TheFoundationisactiveinprovidingscientificinformationwiththeaimof“bringingscienceandtechnologyclosertothepeople”.InthiswaytheFTIisresponsiblefortheexploitationofTechnopolis,theinteractiveFlemishscienceandTechnologycentre,whichopeneditsdoorsatthebeginningof2000.BA41.01SubsidyfortheRoyalFlemishAcademyofBelgiumforSciencesandArtsThesubsidyamountsto0.73mln.EUR.TheaimsoftheRoyalAcademiesincludethecreationoflinksbetweenthescientistsofthecommunitiesandthoseofothercountries,aswellasprovidingadvicetogovernments. chapterIII.1–45
reorganisesubsidybudgettotheuniversities.Inthecourseof2001,theuniversitieswillbeconsultedtomanagement,andanewwebinterface.The0.21millionEURonBA41.04onlyconcernsthetheinformationmodel,withthefurther-reachingcomputerisationofdatacollectionanddata1999sawthestartofathoroughreengineeringofthedatabankforthenextfewyears,updatingdirectatedanadditionalchannelthatenablesDutchandFlemishresearcherstofindeachotherinaViaIWETO,theFlemishresearchersnowhaveaccesstoDutchdata,andviceversa.ThiscreResearchDatabase(NOD).IWETOandNODhaveagreedtoexchangeprojectinformation.TheNetherlandshasdevelopedacomparablesystemonresearchinformation:theDutchparties.EQUIP:highlytechnologicalequipmentavailableinFlanders,whichcanalsobeusedbythirdCOOP:EXPERT:PROJECT:TEAM:canTheIWETOresearchdatabankisaccessibleontheInternet.Therearefivedatabanks,whichencompassesjectandprogrammemanagement,monitoring,evaluationandpolicy.TheinventoryingthevisibilityandaccessibilityofFlemishresearch.Inaddition,thereisthesupportofpro-TheIWETOprovidesinformationaboutFlemishresearchteams,withasecondaimofincreas-BAThecommissionsforstudies,theCouncilcanappealtoadhocworkinggroupsorexternalexperts.tionalCooperation,andBudget&Finance.Forresearchrelatedtoparticularissues,orforlowingfourpermanentcommissions:SciencePolicy,TechnologyPolicy,Federal&Interna-policyanditspositionwithregardtoFlanders.Toprepareitsadvice,theCouncilhasthefolinitiative,theCouncilgivesadviceongeneralorspecificpointsinthescienceandtechnologyFivecivilservantsparticipateinthemeetingswithanadvisoryvote.Ifrequested,oronitsownforofFlanders(SERV).TheChairmanandfourmembersareappointedbytheFlemishMinisternatedbytheFlemishInteruniversityCouncil(VLIR),andsixbytheSocio-EconomicCouncilTheFlemishCouncilforSciencePolicyconsistsofthechairmanand16members:sixarenomiBAandexpensesforforeigntopresearchers,temporarysupplystafftostandinforFlemishresearchers,ThefundingofthisFlemishKnowledgeandCulturalForumismainlyforaccommodationtifictionbetweenindividualsfromthevariousscientificdisciplinescanresultinanincreasedscienothercountriesforlongperiods.Thisresultsinaframeworkforreflection,wheretheinteracmeetingplacewhereFlemishresearcherscancooperatewithwell-knownresearchersfrom“SabbaticalCentre”initiativewasintroduced.SabbaticalCentresformaninterdisciplinaryriskofthefieldofapplicationbecomingnarrowerandnarrower.Inordertocounterthis,theResearchautomaticallyleadstoincreasingspecialisation.However,thismeansthatthereisapotential.theoperatingcostsfortwentyFlemishcontactgroupsforparticulardisciplines.41.03GrantfortheFlemishCouncilforSciencePolicyScienceandTechnology.grantamountsto0.25millionEUR.41.04Subsidyrelatedtotheinventoryofscientificandtechnologicalresearch(IWETO)allthedisciplines.beconsultedindividuallyortogether:themainlinesandachievementsoftheFlemishresearchteams;currentresearchprojects;consultancy,servicesandresearchtechniquesprovidedbythirdparties;internationalandtransregionalcooperativeventures;andefficientway.theIWETOdatabase. chapterIII.1–46
representativesurveys
trendsinorganisationalinnovationandemploymentoflabour.In2001,thefollowingextenandaimsatmappingthelargesivesurveyswillbeinitiated:screeningtheorganisationalchangesintheFlemisheconomy(asecond,adaptedandmoredetailedversionoftheresearchof1998);sectoralscreeningoforganisation&employmentinthecompaniesprovidingbusinessandintellectualservices;workloadinSMEs(withspecialattentionfortheclothingindustryandthelaundryindustry).Besidescarryingoutresearch,STVInnovation&Employmentalsoinvestsalotofenergyinthe
valorisation TheOnanannualbasis,4or5seminarsorstudydaysareorganised,topresenttheresearchresults.circles,ties.TheSTVteamisinvolvedeachyearinmorethan120traininginitiativesformanagementcationpolicy(interalia,theSTVbrochuresandSTVcommunications)andthetrainingactivi-Thefourstaffcollaboratorsandthecollaboratorresponsiblefortrainingco-ordinatethepubli-oftheresearchresults,makingthemusableforthebroadsocialpartnerspublic.unionrepresentatives,equallycomposedtargetgroupsandsoon.informationinthe STVDocumentationCentre can be consulted on plannedinitiativesandofcontactpersonscanbefoundontheTheresultsofformerprojects,thefullpublicationlist,apresentationofallactivities&recentlyappointment. website:http://www.serv.be/stv/. chapterIII.1–47
ThefirsttypeistheSTValways(sub)sectors,ortoanumberofbusinessesacrossthesectoralborders.Thesocialpartnersaretionalinnovationandnewformsofemploymentoflabour.Theprojectsalwaysrelatetoregardingthesearchofbusinessesforabalancebetweentechnologicalinnovation,organisaarelinkedupwithconcreteproblemsorquestionsofthesocialpartnersequallyrepresented.Innovation&Employmentgrossomodocarriesouttwotypesofresearch.
Asecondtypeofprojectsisbasedonyardtasks;endofcareerpolicyinthesocialprofitsector;analysisofthecourierservices,systemsofZaventem;customer-orientedmanagementinthefooddistributionsector;ICTandemployeefinished:competencemanagementinindustry;networkingaroundtheairportactivitiesinstudiesorlimitedinquiries.Inthecourseof2001,thefollowingthemeswillbedealtwithorintoaspecificinnovationortheme,onthebasisofcaseplanninginthebuildingindustry.
ThetenembeddedinthestructureoftheSocio-economicCouncilofFlanders(SERV).STVemploysSTVInnovation&Employmentis,asaspecificresearchcentreoftheFlemishsocialpartners,EUR.full-timescientificcollaboratorsforresearchprojectsonanindividualbasis.
qualitativeresearch
BA 41.06Subsidy for the Foundation Technology Flanders (STV) The subsidy for STV amounts to 1.94 million
projectthemes
chapterIII.1–48
Chapter III.2 Basic research on the initiative of the researcher theinitiativesofotherauthorities,forexample,inthecontextofdevelopmentcooperation.basicfundingtoenabletheinstitutestobeactiveataninternationallevel,andtoparticipateingovernmenttasktocreatethesuitableregulatingframework-andalsotoprovidethenecessarycooperationthemselves,particularlythebilateralcooperation.Ontheotherhand,itremainsaresponsibilityoftheuniversitiesandinstitutesofhighereducationtodevelopinternationalobjective.Inthecontextofstrengtheningtheautonomyoftheinstitutes,itisconsideredtheThereforethefundswillbetransferredtotheBOF,whiletheirallocationdoesretainitsspecificThesystemwillbechangedduringthecourseof2001togivetheuniversitiesagreaterimpact.allyAfrica.On8December2000,theGovernmentofFlandersapprovedthefundingofthebilaterlogicalCooperationProgrammewithChile,China,Hungary,Poland,RomaniaandSouthIntheyear2000thefifthcallforproposalswaslaunchedfortheBilateralScientificandTechno4.78BA3.todeveloplibrariestobecomeelectronicdocumentationcentresfortheFlemishuniversitiesTo3.to2.tostrengthenthecollectiveelectronicinfrastructureofuniversities,institutesofhigheredu-1.toTheTheresearchtion,therearesomesmalleritemsofexpenditure,becausethecreditsaredestinedforbasicFlanders(FWOFlanders)andtheSpecialResearchFundsattheuniversities(BOF).Inaddinon-orientedresearchinFlanders.BasicallythisconcernstheFundforScientificResearch–Programme71.2containsallthecreditsforthemostimportantfundingmechanismsforbasic,orforaccompanyingmeasurestostrengthenthistypeofresearch.expenditurefor2001isestimatedat181.11millionEUR.programmehasthefollowingstrategicobjectives:strengthenbasic,groundbreakingscientificresearchontheinitiativeoftheresearchers;cationandresearchinstitutes;optimisehighereducation.realizethesestrategicobjectives,thefollowingoperationalobjectivesarefollowed:1.tostrengthenthebasicfundingoftheuniversitieswiththeintroductionofanewsystemoffunding;2.tostrengthenfundingforbasic,groundbreakingresearchwiththeFundforScientificResearch–Flanders(onthebasisofinteruniversitycompetition)andtheSpecialResearchFundsattheuniversities(onthebasisofintrauniversitycompetition);andinstitutesofhighereducation.12.24ExpenditureinthecontextofinternationalscientificcooperationmillionEURisprovidedforthisbasicallocation.determinedandselectedprojects,foratotalbudgetof3.54million.EUR. chapterIII.2–49
centrederswilltakeadecisionduringthecourseof2001onthepotentialstructureofaprogrammeorAfterdrawingupacriticalanalysisofthispilotstudy,theUNUandtheGovernmentofFlanactivitiesparatorymeasurestolaunchtheUNU/CRISinBrugesin2001.Atthesametime,anumberofBasically,thisamountedtodrawingupastrategicplanforUNU/CRISandtakingalltheprebetweentheUNU,EuropaCollegeandtheGovernmentofFlanderstosetupapilotstudy.RegionalIntegrationStudies”(UNU/CRIS),in2000aone-yearagreementwasconcludedToprepareforthestartofanewUNU“ResearchandtrainingprogrammeonComparativeininthecontextofEuropeanintegration.Duringthecourseof1999,apilotstudywascarriedoutappropriate,inviewoftheadministrativeexperienceinBelgiumwithregardtodefederalisationFurthermore,itwasclearthatthelocationofthissortofinitiativeinFlandersisextremelyThisrevealedthatEuropaCollegeisaninstitutionwithagreatdealofpotentialinthatfield.newtrainingandresearchinitiatives,focusingoncomparativeregionalintegrationstudies.(UNU),andEuropaCollegerevealedthattherewasgreatinterestattheUNUindevelopingDuringthecourseof1998,informalcontactsbetweentheUniversityoftheUnitedNationsofprogrammesinCaracas,OntarioandAmman.ThefundingisbasedonvoluntarycontributionsalsoUNUcentresinMaastricht,Helsinki,Macau,AccraandLusaka,andassociateduniversityagedbytheUniversityCouncil.ItsheadquartersandrectorshiparelocatedinTokyo.ThereareTheUNUisanautonomousorganoftheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNations,andisman-tionNationsUniversity(UNU).Thisinternationalorganisationplaysauniqueroleinthepromo-ThefirstinitiativefocusesonthecooperationonregionalintegrationstudieswiththeUnitedoftheobjectivesoftheUnitedNationswithregardtopeaceandprogress.memberstates,non-governmentalorganisationsandtheprivatesector.anticipationoftheestablishmentofaUNUCentreforIntegrationStudies.weresetupwhichwererelatedtoscientificresearch,traininganddissemination.forRegionalIntegrationStudiesinBruges.
organisationsforhighereducationandresearch,inparticularthroughthefollowinginitiatives:TheGovernmentofFlanderswantstostrengthentheFlemishparticipationininternationalspent.programmes,givingtheuniversitiestheautonomytodecideforthemselveshowthefundsareInfact,thegovernmentwantstostimulatetheparticipationinmultilateralresearchtiontheFrameworkProgrammeoftheEUwerealreadyintegratedintheBOF,whiletheirallocaAtthebudgetcontrol2000,thefundsavailablefortheparticipationofFlemishresearchersinandCooperationProgrammewillbelaunchedfrom15to30April2001withthesamemodalitiesInatransitionalphase,asixthcallforproposalsfortheBilateralScientificandTechnologicaldevelopbreakingresearch.Ifbasicfundingissufficient,internationalcooperationnetworkswillCertainlyitisessentialthattheuniversitieshavethenecessaryfundstocarryoutbasic,groundandflourishnaturallyandinaccordancewiththeneedsandpossibilities.thesamepartnercountriesasin2000,withabudgetof3.54millionEUR.retainsitsspecificobjective.
1°UNU/CRIS
chapterIII.2–50
2°Combined Flanders – UNESCO Trust Fund AsaimsipationofFlemishresearchersintheONDINAFRICA-IIproject.Withthisproject,UNESCODuringthecourseof2000,theGovernmentofFlandersdecidedtousethefundsfortheparticUNESCOget.Theagreementcoversaperiodoffiveyears(1999-2003).TheFundwillsupportTheFlemishUNESCOTrustFundisfundedbyanannualcontributionfromtheFlemishBudFundFlanderssignedanagreementattheendof1999,toestablishtheFlemishUNESCOTrustImplementingthedecisionoftheformerGovernment,UNESCOandtheGovernmentoftostimulatescientificactivitieswithUNESCOcountries.activitiesinvolvingFlemishexpertise.torealisethefollowingimportantobjectivesoftheAfricancountries:•supportforthedevelopmentandoperationalisationofnationaloceanographicdataandinformationcentres,andtheirnetworkinAfrica;•providethetrainingrelatedtooceanographicdataandinformationmanagement;•supportforthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofnational,regionalandpan-Africanoceanographicmetadata,informationandotherdatabanks;•supportforthedevelopmentanddisseminationofdataandinformationproductstomeettheneedsofthedifferentusergroups,byintegratingthenationalandregional(supranational)networks.theagreementrunsuntil2003,theevaluationwillstartduringthefollowingyear. 3°The Netherlands - Flanders “Maritime Research” Programme todeterminenewpriorities,basedontheresults,andtakingintoaccountthepolicyrequireframeworkcreatedinthiswaycanbeorganisedintheformofmodules.ThismakesitpossibleTheobjectivehasbeenformulatedforeachcluster,indicatingtheresearchtopics,sothattheThescienceplanconsistsofsevenclusterswhichareorganisedinfourgroupsofsubjectareas.coastalanintegratedapproachanddecisionsregardingthemanagementoftheestuaryandtheadjacentjectfocusesontheScheldtestuaryandthecoastalzone.Itwillserveasaveryimportantbasisforplanwasdevelopedforjointresearchinthisfieldonthebasisofmutualconsultation.Thispro-programmeforMaritimeResearch.Thishadbeeninpreparationforseveralyears.AscienceAttheendof1999,theGovernmentofFlandersapprovedajointFlanders-Netherlandsarea,andwillbenefitfrombothparties’researchfacilitiesandexpertise.ments.Thescienceplanallowsforthecurrentandfutureresearchtobeinterrelated.Inaddition,theresearchinfrastructureavailablebothinFlandersandtheNetherlandsisusedasfullyaspossible.FlemishresearchersalsohaveaccesstotheextensiveinfrastructureintheNetherlands,andhavetherighttomakeuseofit.Inadditiontothejointresearchprojects,onemeasureofperformanceconsistsofdrawingupamodularmodelintheshorttermtosupportthedecision-makingprocessesrelatedtotheScheldtbasin.TheFundforScientificResearch-Flanders(FWOFlanders)andtheOrganisationforScientificResearchoftheNetherlands(NWO)willcoordinatetheimplementationofthescienceplan.AFlemish-Dutchcommissionisresponsibleforfollowingupthecooperationinthefieldofmaritimesciences.Itreportstobothgovernments.TheNetherlandsreserve1.815millionEUR(0.363millionEUR/year)andFlanders0.99millionEUR(0.198millionEUR/year)forthisresearch.TheNWOoftheNetherlandsandtheFWOFlandersarenowcooperatinginanoperationalframeworktostartupthisprogramme.AncallforproposalswillbelaunchedsothattheFlemishandDutchresearcherscansubmittheirproposals. chapterIII.2–51
TheBOFis1991,BA41.01SubsidyfortheSpecialResearchFund(BOF)attheuniversities(Decreeof12Juneneurochemistry.fromresearchwithintheirfieldofaction:inparticular,thefieldsofneuropathologyandThissubsidyof0.15millionEURisusedforpersonnel,operatingandequipmentcostsarisingBAInjobsTheseadditionalfundsshouldalsomakeitpossibletostrengthenbasicresearch(additionalTheeveryamountoftheiroperationalsubsidies,viz.,6.2millionEUR,willbetransferredtotheFundportionoftheoperationalsubsidiesoftheuniversities.Duringtheperiod2001-2004,aspecificFundsfortheUniversityRestructuringFundaremadeavailablebyreallocatingalimitedproownFlanderscontributesoneEuroforeachEurothattheFlemishuniversitiesspendfromtheirThisUniversityRestructuringFundoperatesonthebasicprinciplethattheGovernmentoffortechnologies,educationorientedtowardstheworkingpopulation.Covenantswillbedrawnuptheneedsoftheinformationsociety:intensiveuseoftheinformationandtelecommunicationacademicworld”willhavefundstoimprovetheharmonisationoftheacademicprovisionwithagreementsonthedivisionoftasksandmoreintensivecooperation.Furthermore,the“Flemishlatedtooptimisetheireducationalprovisionsduringthisperiodandtodrawupmutualversityrationalisationfund(UniversityRestructuringFund).Theuniversitieswillbestimuberelatedtothenumberofstudents.DuringthisperiodthefundswillberegroupedinauniDuringthetransitionalperiod,2001-2004,theoperationalsubsidiesoftheuniversitieswillnotuniversities.InJuly2000,theGovernmentofFlandersapprovedanewfundingmechanismfortheFlemishBA12.26Tostrengthenthebasicfundingoftheuniversities(UniversityRestructuringFund)thispurpose.operationalfundsfortheabove-mentionedobjectives.year.ThesamebudgetiscontributedbytheGovernmentofFlanders.increaseintheFund’smeansisasfollows(inmillionEUR):yearcontributionfromtheoperationalsubsidiesadditionalcontributionfromtheFlemishBudget20016.26.2200212.412.4200318.618.6200424.824.8foracademicstaff,higheroperationalbudgets).2001,abudgetof0.94millionEURisallocatedtoBA12.26.33.42SubsidyfortheBorn-BungeFoundationinAntwerpArt.168) the researchownresearchpolicies.TheBOFfundsareusedtofundmanymoreshortandlong-termintrauniversitycompetition.Itistheinstrumentwithwhichtheuniversitiesimplementtheirchannelfortheredistributionoffundsforbasicresearch,onthebasisofprojectsineveryuniversityinFlanders. chapterIII.2–52
TheFWOFlandersisBAcomparedlionEUR,comparedwiththeinitialcreditsfor2000,andanincreaseof17.94millionEURFor2001,83.4millionEURareprovidedfortheBOF.Thismeansanincreaseof22.18milmodified.interuniversitydistributioncode.Therefore,inthecourseof2001,thedistributioncodewillbeAcademicperformanceindicatorswillplayagreaterroleintheannualcalculationofthesonnel)ferthepermanentresearchersoftheFWOFlanderstotheZAP(AutonomousAcademicPer-transferredtotheBOF.Thisisinaccordancewiththepossibilityforeseeninthedecreetotrans-labourcostsofthe“permanentresearchers”oftheFWOFlanders(17.01million.EUR)wereToimplementtheDecisionoftheGovernmentofFlandersof8September2000,thetotalminesresearchcarriedoutontheinitiativeoftheresearcherandresearchforwhichtheclientdeteroftheirownacademicstaff.Thisisdonetoresolvetheimbalancewhichhadarisenbetweentheirownresearchpolicyandfundresearchinthelongerterm,whichisproposedbymembersTheincreaseinthefundsoftheSpecialResearchFundshouldenableuniversitiestoimplementreflectedstrengtheningbasicresearchcarriedoutontheinitiativeoftheresearcher,whichshouldbeEURwasadded,sothatthefinalbudgetamountedto65.45millionEUR.Thiswasaimedattialcreditin2000was61.21millionEUR.Duringthebudgetcontrol,another4.24millionation),interalia,fromtheBAs12.24and12.29(fromProgramme71.1)totheBOF.Theiniof11.64millionEURwasactuallyintroducedin2000(extracreditsinadditiontotheindexnumberoffundingchannelsandstrengtheningtheBOF,areorganisationofthebudgetfundsInordertoimplementthegovernmentagreementwhichentailedareductionintheoverallofIn2001,theDecisionwasfurtheradapted,inordertointegrateindicatorsfortheperformancenumbersimplified,withparticularattentiondevotedtoflexibilityandqualitycontrol.Moreover,aTheDecisionoftheGovernmentofFlandersof20July1994ontheSpecialResearchFundwasofsmallerinitiativeswereintegratedintheBOF.academicresearchintheannualcalculationoftheinteruniversitydistributioncode.intheBOFinmoreresearchprojectsandmorestaffattheuniversities.thesubject-whichisobviouslyoftenaimedatachievingshort-termobjectives.oftheuniversities.withtheadaptedcreditsfor2000.41.03SubsidyfortheFundforScientificResearch-FWOFlanders the researchpredoctoralandpostdoctoralmandates.PartoftheadditionalfundscanbeusedforextraThisshouldallowtheFWOFlanderstofinaliseandconsolidatethecurrentincreaseinresearch.Tothisend,anadditionalbudgetof5.7millionEURwasmadeavailablein2001.infundingbetweenbasicresearchcarriedoutontheinitiativeoftheresearcher,andindustrialThestrengtheningoftheFWOFlandersalsocorrespondswiththepolicytorestorethebalance2006)In2001,thecurrentmanagementagreementwillbeevaluatedandthenextagreement(2002-thefirstadaptedin2000forthetransferofthe“permanentresearchers”oftheFWOFlandersto(1997-2001)betweentheFlemishCommunityandtheFWOFlanders.Thisagreementwasofinteruniversitycompetition.Since1January1997,therehasbeenamanagementagreementchannelfortheredistributionoffundsforbasicresearchonthebasisAcademicStaffoftheuniversities.willbeprepared.projects. chapterIII.2–53
ThisberIn2001,morebibliographicdatabasesandanumscientificliteraturedatabasewithdatafrommorethan8,600undoubtedlythe“WebofScience”,aninternationaltationcentres.ThemostimportantproductwastosupportlibrariesdevelopingelectronicdocumendecidedtobuyanumberofbibliographicdatabasesAttheendof1999,theGovernmentofFlandersinstitutesofhighereducationandresearchinstitutes.(inelectronicform)fortheFlemishuniversities,acquisitionofbibliometricdatabasesandjournalsTheGovernmentofFlanderscontributestothe71.2.ThisBAwastransferredfromProgramme71.1tohigherthedevelopmentoflibrariesoftheinstitutesoftronicdatabasesandotherelectronicequipmentforBA74.02Purchaseofprimaryandsecondaryelec-toralThe0.37millionEURisintendedtofinancedoc-doctoratessector.Finally,itawardsandmanagesgrantsformanagementpracticeinthepublicandprivateknowledgeofmanagement,andtoimprovementsinwhichcancontributetothedevelopmentandportstheorganisationandcoordinationofresearchsimilarly,universityresearch.Inaddition,itsupandstrengtheningofmanagementeducation,andactivitieswhichcancontributetothedevelopmenttheaimsistosupportallthescientificandrelatedprofessorsandresearchersinthisdiscipline.OneofencesaimstopromoteandcompletethetrainingofTheInteruniversityCollegeforManagementSci0.37millionEURhasbeenallocatedtoBA41.04.forBA41.04SubsidyfortheInteruniversityCollegeFlandersTheinitialbudgetfor2001allocatedtotheFWOtionedfromtheFWOFlanderstotheBOF,asalreadymenofthe“permanentresearchers”-wastransferredIn2001,17.0millionEUR-thetotallabourcostsabove.amountsto80.88millionEUR.ManagementSciencesinmanagementsciences.mandates.educationandoftheIMECandtheVITO2.03millionEURisallocatedtoit.journals.ofscientificjournalswillbeacquired.initiativehastwoobjectives:•tomakeinstitutesfamiliarwiththeaddedvalueofanelectroniclibrary; chapterIII.2–54
• manageOncetheinitiativeisupandrunning,thefundswillbetransferredtotheinstitutes,whichmustcanthepurchaseismadebyalargenumberofinstitutesjointlyandimportantpricereductionsbeobtainedasaresult.thesubscriptionsthemselves. chapterIII.2–55
Chapter – III.3 Scientific research with an economic focus decree:autumnof2000.ThemainlinesandtheaimsremainthesameasthoseintheinnovationInanticipationofthis,theGovernmentofFlandersapprovedanadhocsubsidydecisionintheimplemented,soonasthisisoperational,thedecisionontheexecutionoftheInnovationDecreecanalsobeversities.Currently,workisbeingcarriedoutonamethodforquantifyingthispotential.Asofthedecisioncontainedintheregulations,willbelinkedtotheresearchpotentialoftheuniallocatingslightlymorethan1.24millionEUReachtime.ThestructuralfundingonthebasisUptonow,theinterfaceserviceshavebeenfundedonthebasisofanadhocannualdecision,donetheirscientificandtechnologicalknowledgemoreeffectively.Whereverpossible,thisshouldbenentlysupportthesubsidiesforthisdecree.TheaimistoencourageuniversitiestovaloriselowingtheInnovationDecreeof18May1999,afundingdecisionisbeingpreparedtopermaTheseinterfaceservicesstimulatetheinteractionbetweenresearchgroupsandindustry.Foluniversities.Acreditof1.29EURisprovidedforBA40.05tosupporttheinterfaceactivitiesoftheBAForotherexample,thismeansthatanumberofbasicallocationsforProgramme71.3aretransferredto2004,the2001budgetredistributesanumberofpolicycreditstodifferentprogrammes.ForInaccordancewiththemainlinesoftheFlemishScienceandTechnologyPolicyfor2000-theimportantpointsforattentionistoimprovetheuseofthepublicknowledgeinfrastructureforandgroupingcompaniesaroundaspecifictechnologicalbasis.Inthisrespect,oneofthemostshort/longterm).ThisobjectiveispursuedbystimulatingtechnologicalresearchinindustryaimedatstrengtheningtheinnovativetechnologicalcapacityofFlemishindustry(intheThebudgetprogramme71.3,“Scientificresearchwithaneconomicfocus”,containsthefundspurposesofinnovationandnewformsofindustry.71programmes,andviceversa.2001,theexpenditureforProgramme71.3isestimatedat126.23EUR.40.05SubsidyforuniversityinterfaceservicesinFlandersforthebenefitoftheFlemisheconomyandsociety.whichwillprovideamorepowerfulbasisforthisfunding.•themaximumvalorisationoftheknowledgeandexpertisepresentintheuniversitiesforthebenefitoftheFlemisheconomy;•stimulatingauniversitycultureinwhichexcellenceineducationandresearchislinked,whereitisusefulandpossible,toinnovativeenterprise. chapterIII.3–57
the establishment of spin-off TheIWT,whichisresponsibleformonitoringandsupervisingthismeasure,willplayacoordibusinesses.natingrole,whichwillbeexpressedparticularlyintheorganisationandsupportofanetworkofinterfaceservices.BAs99.11and99.12AllocationauthorisationIWTFlanderstosubsidiseactionsrelatedtotechnologicalinnovationontheinitiativeoftheGovernmentofFlanders(BA99.11);AllocationauthorisationIWTFlandersforprojectsontheinitiativeofindustryandinnovationcooperativeventures(BA99.12)InordertocontinuetoachievetheaimoftheInnovationDecreeandthepolicymemorandum,“ScienceandTechnologyPolicy2000-2004”,anincreaseforthepolicywasprovided,comparedwith2000,amountingto9.9millionEUR,viz.,approximately10%ofthetotalbudgetforProgramme71.3.Theseadditionalfundsservemainlytostrengthenexistinginitiatives,andforaseriesofnewinitiativesrelatedtoFlemishcentresofexcellence.TheimplementationoftheInnovationDecreeof18May1999hasacentralplaceinthis.Thisconcernsboththeimplementationofthethreespecificexecutivedecisionsonthefundingofinnovation,andtheorganisationofsubsidiesthroughtheIWT.Theseimportantindividualaspectsoftheinnovationdecreecanbeimplementedwithindifferentperiodsoftime.Infact,theimplementationofthedecreeiscarriedoutarticlebyarticle.Tothisend,anumberofimportantstepswerealreadytakenlastyear.Thegovernmenthasalreadyapprovedthedraftsforthesubsidyarrangementforprojectsforresearchanddevelopmentinindustry(R&Ddecision)andforprojectsforFlemishinnovationcooperativeventures(theVISdecision).Theywerealsosubmittedtotheappropriateauthoritiestoaskforadvice(e.g.,theEuropeanCommissionandthentheCouncilofState).Theadministrativeprocedureforthesesortsofdecisionsislengthy,andconsequentlyitcanbeassumedthattheywillnotbeoperationaluntilsometimein2001,attheearliest.Ontheotherhand,animportantstephasalreadybeentakeninthesimplificationofthefundingstructure.ThiswasachievedbyabolishingtheFundforthePromotionofIndustrialScientificResearchinFlanders(FIOVFund),whichhadbeenfinanciallymanagedbytheeconomicsadministrationuptothattime.ThisstepwasalsoprovidedforintheInnovationDecree,andwastakenaftertheapprovaloftheadaptedbudgetfor2000.Alltheoutstandingrightsanddutiesofthefund,includingitsmanagement,weretransferredtotheIWT.Thisalsorestoredasinglelocationfordealingwithmattersrelatedtosubsidiesfortechnologicalinnovation.Theexistingallocationauthorisationsandordinancecredits,theIWTandFIOV,wereconvertedintotwoseparatebudgets,respectivelyfor“Projectsontheinitiativeofindustryandinnovationcooperativeventures”,andfor“ActionsinvolvingtechnologicalinnovationfundedontheinitiativeoftheGovernmentofFlanders”.Thetotalamountsofsubsidyforthesecreditlinesevolvedasfollows:inmillionEUR1999afterbudgetcontrol2000availablecredit2001creditallocatedAllocationauthorizations101.368101.211117.127 chapterIII.3–58
of the research; •
The following activities will be eligible for subsidies: • tionthepromotionofthecooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustry,withparticularattenforFlemishsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises;
• the promotion of the economic valorisation the promotion of
ingtechnologicalinnovationfundedontheinitiativeoftheGovernmentofFlandersBA99.11provides34.39millionEURforallocationauthorisationsforactionsinvolv calthendecidewhetherornottosubsidisetheseinitiativesonthebasisofaparticulartechnologi-Thiscanalsoconcernsmallerinitiatives,focusingmoreonanichemarket.Thegovernmentwillstrengthenindustry”.Strengtheningthisindustry’sowncapacityfortechnologicaldevelopmentwillalsothepresentGovernmentofFlandersis“Flanders’DriveforthesuppliersintheautomobileOneexampleofthisalreadysetinmotionbythepreviousgovernmentandbeingconcludedbyleadingoncertaintechnologicalissuesinwhichFlemishindustryandtheresearchworldcanplayaThepolicyintroducedbythelastgovernmentandnowbeingmorenarrowlydefined,isbasedimportantforthetechnologicalinnovationpolicy.Thismeansthatbelongingtothesectorbecomestoothatforthegovernment,theImpulseprogrammesnolongerformapriorityformofsubsidyconcernsthesectoralsubsidisationofinnovation.Infact,thesamepolicymemorandumstatesTheinnovativevalueoftheactionslies,amongstotherthings,inthefactthatthisnolongerAcentresders.Inparticular,theconditionswillbecreatedforfurthercooperationbetweenknowledgewillbecarriedoutonthecontinueddevelopmentoftechnologicalcentresofexcellenceinFlanThepolicymemorandum,“ScienceandTechnologyPolicy,2000-2004”announcesthatworkandbusinesses,andbetweenbusinessesthemselves.numberofinitiativesaredescribedinmoredetailbelow.aselectioncriterion.roleinprovidingsolutions.itscompetitivepositionintheworldmarket.issue,andobviouslyonthebasisoftheavailablesolutions. a) New initiative related to logistics framework.Attemptswillbemadetoalignthevariousinitiativesandcoordinatetheminacoherentlogisticsaswellastheresearchworld,submittedproposalstoincreasetheinnovativecapacityoftheinternationalmarket.Thevariousdivisionsofthesector(harbourcompanies,transportsector,resultofafar-reachingpolicyofinnovationthatbusinessesaresuccessfullysurvivingonthethatwhichappliesforthewholeoftheFlemisheconomyalsoappliestologistics:itisonlyasaNevertheless,innovationisjustasnecessaryhereasinothereconomicsectors.Thesameruleasthislargelyignored.Therewasarecognitionfortheclusterinvolvingtelematicsinroadtraffic,andHowever,itisapparentthatintermsofgovernmentsubsidiesforinnovation,thesectorwasthisAlthoughthedefinitionofthe“logistics”sectorisrathercomplicated,itcannotbedeniedthatsectorrepresentssignificantaddedvaluefortheFlemisheconomy.sectorsubmittedanumberofprojectstotheIWT,thoughnotuntillastyear.sector. chapterIII.3–59
b) An initiative to subsidise applications related to teledetection tisemercialmarket.Thereforetheinitiativewillbetakentobuildabridgesoonbetweentheexper-However,ananalysishasshownthattheuniversitiesarenotyetreadytoplayaroleinthiscom-environmentalplayanimportantroleforpolicyinsectorssuchastownandcountryplanning,agricultureandavailableontheordinarycommercialmarket.Itisself-evidentthattheuseoftheseimagescouldselvesallthetime.Sincethesummerof1999,imageswitharesolutionof1metrehavebeenTechnologicalinnovationhasnotstoodstillinthisfield,andnewpossibilitiespresentthemwouldresearchinstituteswhomadeuseofthesefundsinthepast,willbreakupirretrievably.Thisactuallydeveloped.Otherwise,thereisadangerthattheresearchteamsatouruniversitiesandThereforeitseemsappropriatetotakeaninitiativetoensurethatthisexpertiseisnotlost,butisfundsexpertiserelatedtoteledetection.However,itnowappearsthattherearenolongersufficientInthisway,researchteamsatFlemishuniversitiesandinVITOhaveacquiredalargebodyofgianlargeresearchprogrammeonteledetectionformorethantenyears.ThiswascarriedoutatBelBelgiumhasanimportanttraditioninthissector.TheBelgianfederalgovernmentfundedaapplication.orologicalimageswhicharethemostfamiliarform,haveanincreasinglybroadscopeofnomicsector.Processingimagesplaysaspecificroleinthis.Satelliteimages,suchasthemeteTheuseofdatatransmittedandreceivedbysatelliteconstitutesanincreasinglyimportantecouniversitiesandresearchcentres.forthisresearch.betoogreatalossforthescientificbasisinFlanders.management.presentintheuniversitiesandtherapidlydevelopingmarket. c) New initiative related to image and speech technology initiative.Boththesefieldswillcontinuetobesubsidisedanddevelopedonthebasisofaspecificuniversities,Thesituationisdifferentforimagetechnology,andverystrongresearchteamsareactiveintheachievedthoughthiswasnotfollowedup.Asaresult,thecriticalresearchlevelwasbynomeanssubsidisingspeechtechnology.Thiswasimplementedinalimitedincentiveprogramme,In1995,theFlemishCouncilforSciencePolicyhadalreadygivenarecommendationaboutforspeechtechnology.whichisalreadyresultinginindustrialapplicationsinFlemishbusinesses. d) Initiatives to subsidise the aviation and space travel sectors in Flanders tionIn2000,theGovernmentofFlandersinstigatedthedevelopmentofaFlemishpolicyonaviaitytravelislimitedtotheinternationalprogrammes,thoughthesedoaccountforthelargemajorentirelyundertheregionalscopeofcompetence.Thefederalcompetencewithregardtospaceertheless,theFlemishRegionhasthenecessarypowerstodoso.Aviationisasectorwhichfallsfortechnologicalinnovation,noinitiativeshadbeentakeninFlanderstosubsidisethem.NevAlthoughpreviousgovernmentsrepeatedlyunderlinedtheimportanceofthesesectorsasareasofactivities.andspacetravel.Twospecificactionsweretakeninthisrespect. chapterIII.3–60
withcomplementsthefederalsubsidyforwhichacooperationagreementwillhavetobefinalisedmittedtotheGovernmentofFlanders.Thiswilltakeplaceinthefirsthalfof2001,andtionsector(inparticular,forthenewA380type)andforthespacetravelsector,isbeingsub-Onthebasisoftheconclusionsofthisstudy,asystemforsubsidisingtheNRCcostsintheavia-TradeThelastelementtobestudiedwastheimpactofthenewrulesimposedbytheWTO(WorldfromisratherdifferentinFlandersfromtherestofEurope),marketforcesforaviationaredifferenttorsareverydifferent.Althoughthesamebusinessesareoftenconcerned(thoughthesituationAdistinctionshouldalsobemadebetweentheaviationandthespacetravelsector.ThetwosecregardanattemptwasmadetoprovideasummaryoftheactivitiesofotherEuropeancountrieswithtraditionalsystemofreclaimableadvancesforNRCs,butthiswasalsoexamined.Inaddition,forthemosteffectiveformofgovernmentintervention.Thestartingpointcontinuedtobethewasmodifiedincomparisonwithpreviousprogrammes.ThecomplexityarisesfromthesearchThisstudywascomprehensive,notonlybecausetheproblemiscomplex,butalsobecauseitstudyNRCsintheaviationandspacetravelsector.TheIWTwascommissionedtocarryoutthisThesecondinitiativewasthestartofamoreglobalstudyintothedesirabilityofsupportingtheaviationincostswhichtheaviationsectormustincurbeforebeingabletoparticipateinaninternationalintheProgrammeA340-500/600fornon-recurringcosts(NRCcosts).Thesearetherunning-Attheendof2000,aFlemishsubsidywasprovidedfortheparticipationofFlemishbusinessesprogramme.andconcludeditsfinalreportinOctober2000.tosubsidiesforNRCs.thoseforspacetravel.ThiswasalsoreflectedintheIWTstudy.Organisation).theregionsinthefirsthalfoftheyear. e) A new SME programme periodthisprogrammeinDecember2000.Theprogrammeprovides19.83millionEURforthelinedSMEProgrammeonthebasisofthesefindings.TheGovernmentofFlandersapprovedTheIWThasbeencommissionedbyMinisterDirkVanMechelentodrawupanewstreamysis(KIV),eachwithitsownspecificmodality.Atthesametime,theIWTcarriedoutitsownanal(intheTargetareas,partlywithERDFfunds)andtheSMEInnovationFlandersProgrammeThisconcernedtheSMEfeasibilitystudies,theSMEinnovationprojects,theMKBinitiativebasisofathoroughsurveyofSMEclients(andnon-clients),andofaseriesofintermediaries.In2000,theevaluationoffourcurrentSMEprogrammeswascarriedoutbyMERITonthedrawntioninFlanders.ThereforefutureinitiativesforthepromotionofinnovationinSMEswillbeTheaimistoonceagaingivetheIWTtheroleofa“singlecentre”forthepromotionofinnovaevaluation.actionprogrammesforthepromotionofinnovationinSMEsweretheobjectofanexternalThepolicymemorandumannouncedthattheSMEpolicywouldbesimplified.ThenvariousupandcarriedoutbytheIWT.ofthevariousSMEactions.2001-2002,andhasthefollowingmainobjectives:•far-reachingadministrativesimplification;•streamliningthemodalitiesforapplicationsandsubsidiesinasinglecoherentsystemattheIWT,inaccordancewiththe“onestop”principle; chapterIII.3–61
• doublingcooperationwiththevariousSMEintermediaries.TheProgrammehastheobjectiveofatleastalsotodrawupanextensivecommunicationcampaign,bothbytheIWTitselfandinactiverepresentatives.TheProgrammemustbeoperationalbythesecondquarterof2001.Theaimisningof2001.ThiswillbedonebytheIWTincloseconsultationwithintermediariesandSMETheProgrammemustbefocusedonthemodalitiesanddocumentsforapplicationatthebeginThetechnologicalexistingtechnology,aswellastechnologicaldevelopment;subsidiesfortheintegratednon-expandingtheinnovationsystemthatcanbesubsidised:creativeinnovativeapplicationsofacquisitionofexpertise,aswellastechnologicalacquisitionofexpertise.programmeprovidesforthefollowingtypesofproject:•SMEinnovationstudies(60%subsidisedandinaccordancewiththreetypes,dependingontheencouragementofthecontributionofexternalexpertise);•SMEinnovationprojects(35%subsidised).thenumberofSMEstobecontactedinconnectionwiththeinnovationsubsidy. f) Specific subsidy measures municipalitiessothatatleastthesamesummustbeprovidedbyFlemishfunds(FlemishRegion),provinces,TheERDFsubsidiesthataregrantedamounttoamaximumof50%oftotalprogrammecosts,improvementnomicinfrastructure,theguidanceofSMEs,thepromotionoftechnologyandinnovation,theTheoperationalprogrammesconcernedcompriseabodyofmeasuresindifferentfields(eco-funding).alsoeligibleforsubsidyfromEuropeanstructuralfunds(suchas,forexample,ERDFco-Thisalsoincludesthefundsforco-fundingprojects(technologyandinnovation),whichareoftheenvironment…).…privatesector). carriedoutontheinitiativeofbusinessesandinnovationcooperativeventuresForBA99.12,82.73millionEURallocationauthorisationsareprovidedforprojects a) Subsidies for technological research carried out on the initiative of businesses institutesininternationalnetworksandconsortiaisessential.InadditiontoparticipatinginITEA,PIDEA,EURIMUS…).Afterall,theincorporationofFlemishbusinessesandresearchparticularlyviaso-called“clusterprogrammes”andspecificallyinthefieldofICT(MEDEA,TherehasbeenastrongincreaseinthesubsidiesforEUREKAprojectsforanumberofyears,becausewithspecificsubsidymodalitieswhicharebroaderthanthoseforFlemishR&Dprojectsbybusinessesintheprogrammedresearch,inparticularfortheprojectsinaEUREKAcontext,nies.ParticularattentionisdevotedtoSMEs.ThisalsocomprisestheapplicationsforsubsidysubsidymodalitiesforresearchprojectsinvolvingtechnologicalinnovationinFlemishcompaThenewproposedR&DsubsidydecisioncreatesaframeworkofregulationsforthedifferentoftheEuropeandimension. chapterIII.3–62
jectgovernmentmanifesto,thiswilltakeintoconsideration,interalia,thecontributionofthepro-whichtheprojectevaluationisbasedarealsospecifiedingreaterdetail.Inaccordancewiththeworkonasimplerstructureandsystemofjustificationfortheprojectbudgets.ThecriteriaonInadditiontothefactthatcertainprojectsreceivelargersubsidies,itisparticularlyimportanttoensuresthatthesubsidymodalitiescorrespondtotheEuropeanregulationonR&Dsubsidies.Thenewfundingdecisionalsoprovidesforasimplificationoftheadministrativeprocedureandfundingresearchofaresearchinstitute;…),dependingontheoperationalisationofthenewR&DIn2001,thesubsidymodalitieswillbereviewed(10%extrasubsidy;80%subsidyforbasicMEDEA+AstrongexpansionoftheEUREKAsubsidyisexpectedin2001,inparticularinrelationtothebelowticipatinginEUREKAprojectswithFlemishsubsidyisofdecisiveimportance.ThetableprogrammesfundedbyEurope,inthiscasetheEuropeanR&Dframeworkprogramme,parrevealstheevolutionswithregardtoFlemishsubsidiesoverthelastyears.SubsidyinmillionsofEUR19961997199819992000JESSI/MEDEA/ITEA9.2521.291.6631.0814.35OtherEUREKA2.996.354.024.115.20TotalEUREKA12.2427.645.6835.1919.55Programme.decision.onsustainabledevelopment. b) Flemish Innovation Cooperative Ventures (VIS) andthetechnologicaladvisoryservicesinthecollectivecentres.TheoperationoftheexistingItshouldbenotedthatin2000,Flandersallocated4.95millionEURforcollectiveresearchmustincludingthecostsandspecificationsfortheirexecution).Itisself-evidentthatmorefundsThecorrectmodalitiesfortheseactionsarebeingdrawnupinthefirsthalfof2001(uptoandsingleWithregardtostimulatinginnovation,itispossibletofundboththeactionswhichfocusonatechnologieswhichareoftenofaninterdisciplinarynatureandacrossthesectoralborders.Thisapproachrespondstothefactthatthestrongesteconomicgrowthisexpectedinrelationtoapplieswithregardtotheprovisionoftechnologicaladviceandthestimulationofinnovation.groupsofbusinessesinvolvedinspecifictechnologiescanalsomakeanapplication.ThesameThiscanentailthatnotonlythetraditionalsectorsreceivefundsforcollectiveresearch,butthatsentativerangeoforganisationswillbeabletosubmitanapplication,insofarastheyrepresentarepretospecificinstitutions.Infuture,thefundswillbelinkedtoactionsandactivities,andabroadserviceproviderstoinnovativebusinesses.ThisinvolvedabandoningtherestrictiononfundingThisnewdecisionhastheambitiousgoalofachievinggreatercoordinationinthelandscapeofservices.clusters,thefundingofprojectsforcollectiveresearch,andsubsidiesfortechnologicaladvisoryatesaframeworktoreplaceallsortsofexistinginitiatives,suchastheadhocsubsidisationofThedecisionontheregulationsforsubsidiestoFlemishInnovationCooperativeVenturescre-groupofbusinesses.technologyorsector,andmorehorizontalandsubregionalprojects.beprovidedforthissortofexpansion. chapterIII.3–63
chapterIII.3–64
requirements.accordingly,dependingontheneedsandpersonneltheInnovationDecree,thefundswillbemodifiedtute.InthecaseofthefurtherexpansionoftasksbycurrentcommissionsandthemissionoftheInstitherequiredcontinuityofpolicy,onthebasisoftheThegrantcomprisesthenecessaryfundstoensureforFinally,7.82millionEURisallocatedforBA41.03ingmorespecificperformance-relatedmethodoffundTopreparefortheproceduresofthenewdecision,ation2.93millionEURwasallocatedtothis,inanticipaclusterswasextendedtomid-2001,anadditionaloftheentryintoeffectofthenewdecision.wasintroduced.theoperationoftheIWT.
Chapter – III.4 Strategic and policy-oriented research theThebasicrationaleoftheprogrammeistoserveasabridgebetweentheacademicworldandandselectedtopics.Finally,thebasicmodalitiesaimtoachievemaximumsimplicity,transparencysocially-orientedprojectscouldonlybesubmittediftheycorrespondedwithpreviouslyandsocialfocuswillbecarriedoutonthebasisofthesameprojectformula.Inotherwords,(GBOU).Thisreorganisationmeantthathenceforthtechnologicalprojectswithaneconomicwasreorganisedintheformofanewprogramme,“GenericBasicResearchattheuniversities”Well-being”-themodalitiesofthisprogrammeweredeterminedbythepreviousgovernment-Thenowcompletedprogramme,“StrategicTechnologiesforthepromotionofWelfareandBA12.28StrategicTechnologiesforthepromotiuionofWelfareandWell-being(STWW)4.The3.The2.The1.ContinuingtostrengthentheFlemishtechnologicalpotentialintheFlemishresearchforward:Torealizethesestrategicobjectives,thefollowingoperationalobjectiveshavebeenput2.To1.Tostrengthentechnologicalbasicresearch,whichgeneratesknowledgeforindustry,theTheTheportresearchorpolicy-orientedresearch.ConsequentlyitconcernsbudgetsforinitiativestosupThisprogrammecollectstogetherallthebasicallocationswithcreditsforstrategicbasicinnovativedevelopmentsinindustryandsociety.expenditureforthisprogrammein2001amountsto121.8millionEUR.budgetprogrammehasthefollowingstrategicobjectives:non-profitsectorandthegovernmentstrengthenpolicy-orientedresearchinstitutescontinueddevelopmentofbasicresearchattheuniversitiesdevelopmentoftheinstitutesofhighereducationasfullpartnersininnovationdevelopmentofanewframeworkforpolicy-orientedresearchflexibility.economic/socialpartiesinvolvedandtohaveapositiveimpact. chapterIII.4–65
rationThustheoperationoftheVITOwasexaminedin1998,andthatoftheVIBin2000.Theope-Theoperationandresultsachievedareevaluatedindetailbeforetheseagreementsareextended.institutesandtheGovernmentofFlandersisdescribedinfive-yearlymanagementagreements.tionanddisseminationoftheirresearchresultsinFlanders.Therelationshipbetweenthesetheirresearchtasks,thesethreeinstitutesalsohavepreciselydefinedtasksrelatedtothevalorisaVIB(biotechnology)andtheVITO(materials,energyandtheenvironment).Inadditiontolimitednumberoffields,throughtheresearchinstitutes,theIMEC(microelectronics),theTheGovernmentofFlandersisprovidingstructuralsupportforstrategicbasicresearchinaBAsresponsiblecombinedfundsof2000and2001(atotalof20.27millionEUR).TheIWT-Flandersisendof2000,theGovernmentofFlandersdecidedtolaunchanewcallforproposals-withtheAbudgetof10.14millionEURisavailablefortherealizationofthe2001programme.Attheofwithregardtoinformation,astheyarecloselyinvolvedintheresearchandarealreadyinformedtativesandcanalwaysbeextendedatalaterdate.ThemembershavepreferentialtreatmentimportantroleintheGBOUprogramme.Thesecommissionshavealargenumberofrepresentakesplacewiththehelpoftheso-calledusercommissions.TheseusercommissionsplayannationwithagroupofeconomicandsocialpartiesinFlanderswhichisaslargeaspossible.Thisthemaximumtransferofknowledgefromtheverystartoftheproject,thereisintensivecoordicalbasicresearchwithaneconomicorsocialobjectiveinthelongerterm.InordertoachieveInanycase,thistypeofresearchisaimedatcarryingoutgroundbreakingscientifictechnologithemostrecentdevelopmentsatanearlystage.forthemanagementofthisprogramme.31.01,33.02,41.03and61.02VITO,IMEC,VIBoftheIMECwillbeevaluatedin2001. chapterIII.4–66
BA 33.01Subsidy for the (*)programmes,nesses,multilateralEuropeancooperationinthecontextofotherEuropeanframeworkforcontractualresearch.ThisparticularlyconcernsbilateralcontractswithinternationalbusiThefollowingtableillustratesafurtherbreakdownoftheevolutionoftheinternationalincome(*)income,IMEChasco-operatedinrecentyears;therelatedcontractualincomeandothercontractualThetablebelowillustratestheevolutionofthenumberofFlemishbusinesseswithwhichtheIMECtiativewhichbenefitsbusinessstart-upsandfast-growingbusinessesintheICTsector.The19establishmentofthe“IT-Partnersventurecapitalfund”,theIMECalsotookaremarkableinianincreasingnumberofpatentapplicationsandlicensingagreements.Inaddition,withtheTheIMECplaysapioneeringroleinthevalidationofresearchresults.Thisisalsoreflectedinvateders,aimstohelpFlemishbusinesses(particularlysmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses)toinnoWTCMandAgoria-Flanders.Thisinitiative,whichissubsidisedbytheGovernmentofFlanInaddition,thenon-profitorganisation“KMOIT-Centrum”,wasestablishedbytheIMEC,comethroughcontactswithbusinesses,andtogivebusinesses,fortheirpart,theopportunitytoatwofoldaim:togiveIMECresearcherstheopportunitytoexplorethedemandsofthemarket“FlemishBusinessDay”.Thiseventendeavourstobe“market-oriented”,andisorganisedwithresearchrequirementsofFlemishindustry.Forthispurpose,theIMECannuallyorganisesamicroelectronicsandinformationtechnology.Inthisrespect,specialattentionisdevotedtothesidyistosupporttheIMECinitsR&Dtasksrelatedtofutureindustrialneedsinthefieldofprofit-makingorganisationIMEC,amountsto28.66millionEUR.ThemainaimofthissubOnthebasisofthe1996-2001managementagreement,thesubsidyfor2001forthenon-IMECintocontactwithpossibleinnovativeapplications.byimplementinginformationtechnologyintheirproductsandprocesses.spin-offcompaniesshouldalsobementionedinthiscontext.followedbytheevolutionofthesubsidyoftheGovernmentofFlanders.NumberofFlemishcontractualpartnersFlemishcontrac-tualincome(MEURO)Othercontractualincome(MEURO)Governmentsubsidy(MEURO)19965210.93817.922724.315919976212.20123.128527.055119986512.35824.640627.593019996914.16133.887027.97232000(*)6319.90649.901028.6590estimateandcontractualresearchcommissionedbyESA.Internationalindustry(MEURO)EU(MEURO)ESA(MEURO)19965.5368.7082.18919977.90111.2672.461199811.22012.6841.636199919.03313.2161.6312000(*)33.11914.2042.578estimate chapterIII.4–67
IMEC’sandOn1December2000,theIMEChad1013employees.Thisnumbercomprisesbothpayroll3).servesasanefficientformoffeedbacktoFlandersanditsindustrialfabricasregardsICT(cycleIPRmodel,theincorporationofcrucialco-ownedresultsinthefieldofICTdevelopments,becominganincreasinglyimportantparameterforcommercialsuccess.AspartoftheIMEC’sAsaresult,thisexpertiseandcriticalmassguaranteesafaster“time-to-market”,whichis(4)international(3)co-fundingbytheinternationalcommunity,whichmakesitpossibletodevelopacritical(2)a(1)awhichInformation”).Inturn,thisattractsnewcooperationwiththeworldleadersinICT(cycle2),research,atechnologicalportfolioisdevelopedinCycle1(IMECexpertiseor“BackgroundBasedonafar-reachingpolicywithregardtotheownershipoftheresultsfromcontractualindicatedInthegeneralevolutionoftheIMEC,itispossibletodistinguishthreecyclesuptonow,asinthefigurebelow:givestheIMECfouradvantages:goodinsightintofutureindustrialneeds;clearviewonindustrial“roadmaps”andtechnological“windowsofopportunity”;massforgroundbreakingresearch;exposure,allowingtheIMECtoattractinternationaltalent.non-payrollemployees(guestresearchers).researchanddevelopmentactivitiesareorganisedinfiveR&Ddivisions. Thefirstdivision gateresearchincertainprocessmodules:opticallithography,siliconcleaningmethods,newhigh-kdevelopssubmicronICprocesstechnology.Itcarriesoutveryadvancedmaterials,interconnectiontechnology,andsalicides. Theseconddivision researchcept”and“demonstrators”.Inaddition,theprocessdevelopmentissupportedbyspecialisedmicrosystems,RF,non-volatilememories...),andtogouptothelevelofthe“proofofconture,alsomakesitpossibletoimplementastronghorizontalintegration(sensors,nentsinthefieldofnanoelectronics.Thisbasictechnology,aswellastheclean-roominfrastrucanalogueandcombinedanalogue-digitalICs,fornon-volatilememoriesandfornovelcompoVariousICprocessesarebeingdevelopedatthesametime:fordeepsubmicrondigitalICs,forcombinestheseexploratorystepsintointegratedprocessesforCMOSICs.inthefieldofphysicalanalysisandreliability. chapterIII.4–68
The thirddivision carries out R&D activities on: (a)Sensors and onMCM-D(MultichipModulesonthebasisofthinfilmtechniques)researchfocusesparticularly(c)Packagingelectronics.long-termresearchisbeingcarriedoutinthefieldofnanotechnologyandmolecularrialfornon-cooledinfrareddetectors,highlyefficientlight-emittingdiodesetc.Inaddition,Examplesaretheresearchintomagneticmemories(MRAM),theresearchintoInSbAsmate(b)Newaspectpharmaceuticalandmedicalworld,arebeingdevelopedincooperationwithbusinesses.Thebiosensorsbeingintroduced.AllsortsofmicrosystemsforapplicationsinICT,aswellasintheSensorsarebasedonCMOStechnologyaswellasonalternativetechnologies,suchasthenewsystems:ofreliabilityisalsobeingtakenintoaccount.materialsandcomponents:andinterconnectiontechnology:combinedRF/digitalapplications,integratingpassiveormicrowavecomponents. Thefourthdivision mentteam,composedofhardwareandsoftwaredesignersandapplicationengineers.Thisdepart-andbroadbandnetworks.Chipsarebecomingcompletesystems:theresultofaspecialisedtechnology)hasresultedinrapidlygrowingmarketsforpersonalcommunication,multimedia,Theoverlappingofthedifferentsectors(computers,consumerelectronicsandcommunicationlarlycombinationofsubmicronVLSItechnologyanddigitalsignalprocessing,andfocusesparticuisdevelopingnewdesignmethodologiesforcomplexsystemsrelatedtotheontworesearchapplications:•newdesignmethodsforsystemintegration,basedonrecentconcepts,suchas“system-on-chip”and“system-in-package”;•systemresearchbasedonthe“intelligenthouse”(intelligentaccessmodems,WLANS,MPEG-4).alsohasastrongtraditionofspin-offs. Thefifthdivision focusesontrainingandrefreshercoursesforICTspecialists.Thisactivitytakes place at different levels: • neers,technicalsupportandsupportintermsofcontentareprovidedfortrainingICdesignengiatthelevelofhighereducation(universitiesandinstitutesofhighertechnicaleducation),coveringboththehardwareandsoftwareaspects; • ICToftrainingprogrammesandrefreshercoursesforoperators,techniciansandengineersintheattheprofessionallevel,theMicroelectronicsTrainingCentre,whichprovidesabroadrangeindustry,trainedapproximately1,200peoplein2000. chapterIII.4–69
BasedontherecommendationofthemicroelectronicsadvisorygroupoftheEuropeanComTheDSPthemeof(digital)signalprocessinginthe“DSPValley”cluster.Thisnowhasmorethan1,100Thefirstgroupisthatofsystem-orientedcompanies.AnumberofcompaniesfocusonthegetedWiththeR&Dresultsfromtheabove-mentionedresearch,theIMECisimplementingatarindustrialisationstrategyforFlandersbasedonfourmajorcomponents(seefigure):expertsamongstitsmembers.secondgroupfollowsathreefoldstrategy:•theestablishment,withintheinfrastructure,oflargecooperativeventureswithFlemishandinternationalbusinesses(withstronglyintegratedteamsandalargenumberofindustrialresidents);•newinvestmentsinFlanders(ASM-1,SSR,ARCH,BOC...)inaclusterofnewbusinessesasaresultofcooperativeventureswithsuppliersoftheICproductionindustry(systembuilders,suppliersofmaterialsandgas);•thedevelopmentofthediversificationstrategywithimportantbusinessesinFlanders(includingUnionMinière,DeNeef).mission (MicroelectronicsAdvisoryGroup,Recommendationon“SemiconductorPackaging”, economicactivitiesandstrengtheningexistingFlemishcompanies.Workisalsobeingcarriedoutontheitsexpertiseinthisthirdfieldontheestablishmentofspin-offcompanies,orbyattractingnewNovember1996)tore-establish1CpackagingactivitiesinEurope,theIMECdecidedtobase20consolidationofexpertiserelatedtomicrosystems. chapterIII.4–70
c)Thethirdtask:therelationshipwithsociety
a)Thefirsttask:science
b)Thesecondtask:thevalorisationoftheresearch
BA 33.02Subsidy for the Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology
expansionbooked.Plansarenowbeingdrawnuptoexpandtheavailablespacetoatotalof3,750m².TheAlthoughitonlyopenedrecently,allthespaceavailableinthisbio-incubatorisalreadyfullypotentialforgrowth,suchasAlgonomics,Methexis,deVGen,BIPandPhaseIBioresearch.of2,500m2isavailabletonewbusinessesengagingintensivelyinR&D,andwithobviouswillcertainlymeettheincreaseindemandinthenextfewyears.Thismultifunctionalbuildinginfrastructure.TherecentlycompletedVIB-bio-incubatorfornewbiotechnologybusinessesdevelopmentofnewindustrialactivitiesinthebiotechnologysectoralsodependsonasuitablebeenagoodevolutioninthenumberofpatentapplicationsandlicensingagreements.ThedeVGenandCropDesign,inwhichtheBiotechFundFlandersalsoparticipates.TherehasalsoThoughonlyrecentlyestablished,theVIBhasalreadyledtotwonewstarterbusinesses:sationVIBstimulatesenterprise,worksprofessionallytogetherwithbusinesses,andtakestheirvalori-Otheraspectsshouldalsoincreasinglyformpartofanewvalorisationculture.Forexample,theapplicationsintandemwiththepublicationoftheresultsconcernedinscientificjournals.creativitytoflourishinthebestpossibleway.Forexample,itisimportanttostreamlinepatentbebalanced,asfaraspossible,withthehighdegreeoffreedomwhichisrequiredforscientificscientificresearchresultsintotheirindustrialapplication.TheattentiontovalorisationshouldPossiblyanevengreaterchallengeisthevalorisationoftheresearchresults:thetranslationofpossibilitiesintoaccountinthechoiceofnewprojects.willbecompletedbymid-2001.
representativesbyacommissionwhichactsasa“soundingboard”,consistingofexpertsinthefieldofethics,rectlyaboutnewbiotechnologicalinventions.Theinstituteissupportedinitssocialactivitiesviews,withoutthedebatebecomingpolarised.ItisthetaskoftheVIBtoinformthepubliccorveryimportantforFlanderstoengageinanopendialogue,inwhicheveryonecanstatetheirderivedfromthese,hasonceagainshowntheimportanceofcommunication.ThereforeitisThecontroversialintroductioninEuropeofgeneticallymodifiedsoyaandcorn,andproductsofsociety,andbiotechnologists.
environmentarefundedbythem.ThustheVIBformsthestructurewhichcreatesastableandstimulatingtionoffiveresearchprojectswhicharedevelopedoutsidetheVIBdepartments,thoughtheywiththeconceptofaninstitute“withoutwalls”.ThispotentialwasstrengthenedbytheselecmentswhicharephysicallylocatedonthecampusesoffourFlemishuniversities,inaccordancecine,plantbiotechnologyandmicrobiology.TheresearchisstructuredinnineresearchdepartconstantlydevelopingandapplyingspearheadtechnologyforscientificbreakthroughsinmediTheVIB’smainactivityasascientificinstituteisobviouslytocarryoutstrategicbasicresearch,forscientificresearchinbiotechnologyinFlanders.
researchthreemainareas:strategicbasicresearchanditsinternationalscope,thevalorisationofthemanagementagreementbetweentheGovernmentofFlandersandtheVIB.Theycomprise25.67millionEURtorealizeitsobjectives.Theoutlinesoftheseobjectivesaredescribedinthe2001,theyear2001isregardedasatransitionalyearforwhichtheVIBreceivesagrantofInviewofanew5-yearmanagementagreement(2002-2006)tobesignedinthecourseof(VIB)results,andfinally,attentiontothesocialaspectsofbiotechnology.
chapterIII.4–71
• Analysis of the signal transduction systems in neuronal development.
• Characterisation of furin as a prototype of pro-protein processing.
• ischemiaResearchintothepossibilitiesofusinggenetherapyforthetreatmentofrestenosis,cardiacandlunghypertension,haemophiliaAandtherapeuticangiogenesis.
DepartmentofPlantGenetics–Prof.MarcZabeau(RUG)
• Analysis of the mechanisms which play a role in Alzheimer’s disease.
• supportDevelopmentofacompetitivefunctionalgenomicsandbioinformaticsresearchplatforminofabove-describedresearchthemes.
Department of Human Genetics – Prof. Guido David (KULeuven)
• Tree biotechnology.
• plantStudyoftheactivemechanismoftheplanthormoneethyleneandinteractionwithotherhormones.
(KULeuven)DepartmentofTransgeneTechnologyandGeneTherapy–Prof.DésiréCollen
• cellThedissectionofthemolecularmechanismsandcharacterisationofgenesinvolvedinplantcycle(celldivision,cellbiologyandcelldeath).
• The molecular analysis of plant-microbe interactions.
• Rational design of biomolecules (drug design) in combination with “phage display”.
• Study of the biological role of heparane sulphate proteoglycanes.
• Research into the organisation of chromosome structure.
chapterIII.4–72
• Thestudyoftheroleofdifferentproteinsanddiverse(patho)biologicalprocessesofthecardiovascularsystemsuchasatherosclerosis,restenosis,haemostase,embryogenesis,angiogenesis,ischemicheartfailures,ischemicofthelimbs,tumourdevelopmentandgrowth,cerebro-vasculardiseases,neuronalsurvival,…bymeansoftheusetransgenicanimalmodels.
The specific content of the VIB’s task is as follows: Task 1: Strategic basic subjectsOntheotherhand,project-basedresearchisalsofundedinotherplaces.Thefollowingresearchthereisthefrontlinebiotechnologicalresearchwhichiscarriedoutinthe9VIBdepartments.Theobjectivesofthestrategicbasicresearchdivideintotwocomponents.Ontheonehand,researchareontheprogrammeoftheVIB’sdepartmentalstrategicbasicresearchin2001: a)TheVIBdepartments DepartmentofMolecularBiomedicine–Prof.FransVanRoy(RUG) • Basic research into the molecular dissection of cell death (apoptosis and necrosis). • disorderedThedissectionofthemolecularmechanismswhichplayaroleinmaligncancerandleadtoastructureormalfunctionofknownandunknowntumoursuppressorgenes. • inflammationandshock,andtheuseofinflammatoryprocessesforthetreatmentofcancer.Thediscoveryandmolecularanalysisofnewbiologicalinterferencepathwaystoinhibit • developmentThedissectionoftheroleofcytokinesandimmunecellsindiversepathologies,andtheofantitumourrecombinantantibodies. • geneticThedevelopmentofinnovativetreatmentsforacuteandchroniccolitisbymeansofthemanipulationoflacticacidbacteria. • The development of a system for the defined glycosilation of recombinant proteins.
• (tumours,Researchintothegeneswhichplayaroleindiversekindsofcancerandmalformationsautism,mentalretardation).
tionrapidfunctionalanalysesofalargenumberofgenesatthesametime.Suchahighrateofoperaarraytechnologyforits700scientists.ThismicroarrayisaninnovativetechnologytoperformInApril1999,theVIBestablishedacentralunit,aimedatprovidinghigh-techcDNAmicromakesitpossibletotacklethelifesciencesfromanholisticpointofview. chapterIII.4–73
• Researchintothemolecularbasisofintramolecularsignaltransductioninallostericproteins.
HuylebroeckDepartmentofCellGrowth,DifferentiationandDevelopment–Prof.Danny(KUleuven)
• theInvivoresearchintotwoimportantcomponentsofthecytoskeleton:tublinandactin,andidentificationofadditionalcellularcomponentswhichplayaroleinthisprocess. • IL5Studyofthemechanismandactivation,signaltransductionandmolecularresponsebythereceptorcomplexandtheleptinreceptor. • Development of a fast, gel-free protein identification technology (proteomics). b)CoreTechnologies Micro-array facility (MAF)
• Study of the molecular physiology of extremophiles.
• TGF signalisation during the early embryonic development.
• Identification of genetic risk factors which play a role in the above-mentioned diseases.
Department of Molecular Genetics – Prof. Christine Van Broeckhoven (UIA)
DepartmentofImmunology,ParasitologyandUltrastructure–Prof.LodeWyns(VUB)
Department of Microbiology – Prof. Nicolas Glansdorff (VUB)
• Toothicaldiseases(e.g.Alzheimer,Parkinson),peripheralneuropathies(e.g.Charcot-Marie-Identificationofcandidategenesandgenedefectsinvolvedatthebasisofcomplexneurologdisease)andpsychiatricdiseases(e.g.schizofreniaandmanicdepressivepsychosis).
• Study of the arginin regulation in yeast.
• Characterisation of unknown functions coded by yeast genes.
• proteomicschrystallography,multidimensionalNMR,spectro-photometrie,kineticstudiesandanti-Structuredeterminationandstructure/functioncorrelationstudiesofproteinsbyX-ray(antibodyrelatedtechnology)inthefollowingresearchfields:Lectin/proteincarbohydrateinteractionsPlasmidaddictionsystemsBacterialmetal/metalloiddetoxificationprocessesExtremophileproteinsCamelantibodiesand‘singledomain’antibodiesProteinengineeringandenzymology.
• Study of the regulation and function of differentially activated macrophages.
• Identification of immune escape mechanisms used by tumours and parasites.
• Study of the role of SIP1 (Smad interacting protein) with the use of mouse models –Identification of target genes for SIP1 and epithelial –StudyoftheinteractionmechanismsofSIP1withR-SmadandI-Smad/CtBPandothercellsnovelSmad-interactingproteins.
Department of Medical Protein Research – Prof. Joël Vandekerckhove
• theStructurefunctionanalysisofactinbindingproteinswhichmakeafunctionallinkbetweenactincytoskeletonandothertobediscoveredcellularactivities(inhighereukaryotes). – Dr. Paul Van Hummelen
• Applicationperspectivesof Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
• Study of the transcription regulation of complex prokaryotic promoters.
humans.Uptonow,theVIB’sMicroArrayfacilityhasdevelopedarraysforArabidopsis,miceandthemicroscopeslideswiththeuseoffluorescenceafterthehybridisationofthesample.Inthisway,Microarraysconsistofmolecularprobeswhichareimmobilizedas300micronspotsonglassdataof10,000spotscanbeanalysedsimultaneously. c)Project-basedresearch aprogramme.In1997,theGovernmentofFlandersselectedfiveprojectsforVIBfunding,withThesecondsectioninobjective1,StrategicBasicResearch,isaproject-basedresearchtotalbudgetof6.57millionEUR,spreadoverfouryears.TitleProjectleaderPromotorInstituteStudyofHIVvariability.ImplicationsforvaccinedevelopmentDr.W.JanssensProf.G.VanderGroenITGTheimprovementofresistancetostressandfermentationcapacityinyeastDr.P.VanDijckProf.J.TheveleinCatholicUniversityofLeuven Arabidobsis thaliana as a model system for the study of resistance to disease in plants Dr. CammueB. Prof. BroekaertW. Catholic University of Leuven T-cell therapy: T-cell differentiation potential of haema(to)poieticpluripotencystemcells Dr. LeclercqL. Prof. J. Plum University of Ghent Molecular analysis of the function, pharmacology and architecture of tension-monitored ion channels Dr. SnydersD. Dr. SnydersD. UIA Task2:Structuredvalorisationpolicy thantheestablishmentoftheVIB,agreementswithbusinesspartnershavebeenconcludedformorelargeandsmallforeignbiopharmaceuticalandagrobiotechcompaniesisgrowingvisibly.SinceFlemishbiotechcompanyinoneormoreways.ThenumberofcontactsandcontractswithexistingcompaniesinFlanders,Belgiumandabroad.TheVIBcollaborateswithalmosteveryThevastmajorityofpatentedinventionsformthebasisofspecificlicensingagreementswith1999,submittingapatentapplication.VIBsubmitsabout20newpatentapplicationsperyear.InTechnologyTransferDepartmentaimstoprotectitsintellectualpropertyrights,interalia,bynationrevealsthattheinventionisinnovativeandhaspotentialforindustrialapplication,thethisresult,theVIBplacesisinthetopteninstituteswithasimilarresearchbudget.Ifanexamicantly:from22discoveriesin1996uptooneinventionaweekrecordedin1999-2000.WithSincethecreationoftheVIBin1995,thenumberofrecordedinventionshasgrownsignifiimplementationalia,thestaffoftheTechnologyTransferDepartment,thepatentingofVIB-findings,theresearchresultsintomarketableproductsorprocesses.Thevalorisationbudgetsupports,internologyTransferDepartmentisresponsibleforallthestepsinvolvedinthetranslationofbasicObviously,theresearchperformedintheVIBhasgreatpotentialforvalorisation.VIB’sTechofspecificvalorisationprojectsandtherunningofthebio-incubator.thefirstVIBpatentsweregranted.halfabillionBEF. chapterIII.4–74
willBIPandPhaseIBioresearch.Theexpansionoftheavailablespace(2,500m²)upto3,750m²providesthepremisesforyoungbiotechcompaniessuchasAlgonomics,Methexis,deVGen,requirement,theVIBbuiltabio-incubator,whichopenedin2000.Thisbio-incubatoralreadyanotheressentialissueforthesespin-offsandotherstart-upcompanies.TomeetthislastInadditiontofindingthenecessarycapital,theVIBrealizedthatasuitableinfrastructureisrapidly,deVGennvwasestablishedin1997andCropDesignin1998.Bothcompanieshavegrownfindnationalorinternationalinvestorswillingtofinancethespin-offcompany.Inthisway,drawsupabusinessplanafterthedesignstage.Next,theVIBhelpsthestart-upcompanytoplatformthatissufficientlybroadtosupportastart-upbiotechcompany.Inthatcase,theVIBInexceptionalcases,aninventioncanformthebasisforthedevelopmentofanewtechnologywith75and60employeesrespectivelyin2000.becompletedbymid-2001.
Task3:Thesocialaspect-therelationshipwithsociety Regardingitssocialfunction,theVIBisorganisinga technologyassessment aTheVIBinvestsatotalof1.74millionEURin7TAresearchprojectsselectedin1998throughcificprogramme.Itfollowsupthebiotechnologyregulationsand,asathirdelement,organisesspe(TA)researchactivitiesinthefieldofeducationandinformation.publicappealforproposals.Theselectedprojectsarelistedbelow.TitleSupervisor/ProjectleaderOrganisationTowardsamulti-actorsocialmapoftheethicalaspectsofgerminationgenetherapyinhumansProf.G.VanSteendamIFBInt.ForumforBiophilosophyThechallengeofpredictivegenetictestsfordiseaseswhichonlypresentthemselvesatalaterageProf.G.Evers-KieboomsKULeuvenTheeconomicadvantagesofgenetherapy?AcostsversuspragmaticapproachProf.B.ClarysseVlerickSchoolofManagementTheattitudeofdifferentsectorsofthepopulationtothefuturexenotransplantationofinsulin-producingpigcellsProf.I.Kristoffersen-PonjaertVUBMicroandmacro-economicanalysisoftheeconomicadvantagesandcostsofbio-technologicalapplicationsinagriculture.Calculationoftheeffectsforproducers,consumersandgovernments,andthedevelopmentofasimulationmodelProf.E.TollensKULeuvenConsumerattitudestogeneticallymodifiedfoodandthedevelopmentofasegmentedcommunicationstrategyProf.J.ViaeneDr.X.GellynckRUGTowardsaneffectiveandefficientFlemishpublicdebateonbiotechnology.ThetheoreticalsupportofadequateinstrumentsforarationalpublicdebateDr.L.GoordenUFSIA chapterIII.4–75
intheseries,“AbetterunderstandingofBiotechnology”:“larlyandspecificactionsarebeingsetup.In2000,fourinformationbrochureswerepublishedinformationandeducationalmaterialisbeingdeveloped;theVIBwebpagesarerenewedreguTheVIBalsorecognisestheimportanceofabroadrangeofcommunication.Forthispurpose,fieldInaddition,theVIBadvisestheFlemishandfederalgovernmentonallthedevelopmentsintheofbiotechnology-orientedregulations. important:modification,whatdoesitmean?Whatarethepossibilities?Whataretherisks?Andmost03/06/2001).TheVIBaimstogiveaclearandconsideredanswertoalotofquestions:geneticgenetisch’incollaborationwiththecityofGhent(Ghent,St-Pietersabdij,24/02/2001–Inthecourseof2000,theVIBpreparedanexhibitionongeneticallymodifiedfood‘Eetestoarisewitheachapplication.Realcasestudiesappealtothereaders’interestorencouragethem(GenesandHealth)providesaclearsummaryanddiscussestheethicalreflectionswhichcanherwhichpublishesnon-specialistscientificliterature).Thebook‘GenenenGezondheid’tionsofbiotechnologyinmedicine,incollaborationwithNatuurenTechniek(aDutchpublisbothteachersandpupils.Attheendof2000,theVIBpublishedabookconcerningtheapplicathesametime,theVIBdevelopedapracticalDNAtest,whichwasenthusiasticallyreceivedbyapackageoflessonsonbiotechnologyincooperationwithFEVIA,AGRINFOandOIVO.Atapplications,todayandinthefuture.Forschools(2ndand3rdgrades),theVIBhasdevelopeddebateswereorganisedinordertoinformthebroadestpossiblepublicaboutbiotechnologicaland“Cloning”.Atthesametime,regularinformationeveningsandtakeapointofview.howdidourfoodevolvebeforewestartedgeneticallymodifyingit? reputation equivalentvalorisationspecialistsofacademicresearchresults.TheASTPaimstobecometheEuropeanterdam,andLUMC(NL).ThisorganisationfocusesonunitingEuropeanindustrialnologyTransferProfessionals(ASTP),togetherwithMRC(UK),ErasmusUniversity,RotFurthermore,inthecourseof2000theVIBco-foundedtheAssociationforScienceandTechevenfurther,suchastheco-organisationoftheFlemishrepresentationatBio’00inBoston.VIBorganizedseveralinternationaleventstostrengthenFlanders’internationalreputationthemedicineswiththefewestsideeffectsfromarangeofcandidatemedicines.In2000,theuniqueexpertiseinthefieldofadvancedmoleculartoxicology,whichmakesitpossibletoselectwhichhaschosenthebio-incubatorasthehomeforitsEuropeanheadquarters.PhaseIhasVIB,interalia.ThisisillustratedbytheAmericancompany,PhaseIMolecularToxicology,crops.Inrecentyears,Flanders’worldwidereputationhaslargelybeenstrengthenedbytheoff,CropDesign,whichisdevelopingactivitiesrelatedtocellcycleapplicationsinagriculturalbiotechnologycompanyactiveinfunctionalgenetics.In1998,thiswasfollowedbythespin-exampleofthiswastheestablishmentin1997ofthefirstspin-off,theNVdeVGen,ahigh-techacteroftheresearchandthevalorisationinitiativesofitscentraldepartments.AneminentTheinternationalreputationoftheVIBisdetermined,inthefirstplace,bythefrontlinechar-oftheAmericanAUTM.
universitytheframeworkagreementsbetweentheVIBandtheuniversities.ThisconcernsmakingtheactivitiesoftheVIBheadquartersinZwijnaarde.ThegrantalsoincludesasectionforfundingThegrantincludesfundsforpersonnel,operationandinfrastructure,aswellasthespecificareas,infrastructureandfacilitiesavailabletotheVIBdepartments.
International
Whatisbiotechnology?”,“Health”, “Agricultureandfood”
chapterIII.4–76
Management, coordination framework agreements
and
BA 41.03 and 61.02Grant for the Thetutetion”.ThisreflectstheVITO’sstrategicvisiononitsoperation:amarket-drivenresearchinsti-AdministrativeServices”,“BusinessandMarketingStrategy”and“PersonnelandOrganisa-The5departmentsinclude2departmentsforresearch,andthedepartments“Technicalandmentsresearchwasalsoadaptedatthebeginningof2000.Since2000,VITOcomprises5depart-Region,theVITO’smissionsandstrategywerebroughtuptodate,andtheorganisationoftheFromthepointofviewofthepreparationofanewmanagementagreementwiththeFlemishwith:mentsforthegovernment,industry,andsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses,inparticularenvironmentandmaterials,theVITOaimstostimulatesustainabletechnologicaldevelopactivities.Asthelargestandbest-equippedmultidisciplinaryresearchcentreonenergy,theAltogether,theVITOwillhaveabudgetof47.3millionEURin2001tocarryoutitsresearchresearch(ERDF).Togetherwiththesubsidyof2.53millionEUR,andthedirectcommissionsforcommissionedbyindustry,authorities,scientificprogrammesandinvestmentssubsidyInaddition,theVITOalsohas19.08millionEURfromalargenumberofcontractualtasksFlemishbasicsubsidyof25.68millionEUR,andasubsidyforfundingresearchcommissionedbythe41.03and4.57millionforBA61.02).IntheVITObudget,thissubsidyisdividedbetweenaIn2001,thegrantfortheVITOamountstoatotalof28.2millionEUR(23.63millionforBAVITORegion,amountingtoasumof2.528millionEUR.fromtheregion,thisamountsto21.62millionEURthatitreceivesitself.•researchandadviceinsupportofpolicyfortheGovernmentofFlanders;•thedevelopmentofinnovativeandsustainableproductsandprocesses;•targetedcontractualresearchandspecialisedanalyses,measurementsandaudits;•high-riskresearchwithanindustrialfocus;•thetransferofknowledgeandtechnology.and8centresofexpertise.whichtakesintoaccountthesupportanddevelopmentofitsownpotential. “BusinessandMarketing” The(includingPublicRelations)andthemanagementoftheexternalscientificrelations.Thesecenwiththeclient),themarketingstrategy,thevalorisationofresearch,themarketingservicestheVITOwithregardtoaccountmanagementactivities(follow-upactivitiesandcoordinationpossiblenewactivities(researchandcontractresearch).ThisdepartmentplaysadecisiveroleinwithcontinuousscreeningfortheearlydetectionofneedsandtrendsandtheirtranslationintodepartmentactsastheVITO’santennaintheoutsideworld,traltasks(nuclearroles)arecarriedoutin2differentgroups:•coordinationofexternalactivities:accountmanagementscientificrelationsbusinessdevelopment/internationalindustry•coordinationofinternalactivities:PRactivitiespatentstrategyinternalandexternalcommunication. “TechnicalandAdministrativeServices” departmentisorganisedin3divisionsprovid ing different services: • structurebooking),logistics(correspondence,insurance,copycentre,managementofthesocialinfraadministrativeservices:thefinancialservices(purchases,accounting,financesandcontract...)andthelibrary. chapterIII.4–77
• technicalservices:consistsof3groups,viz.,theTechnicsgroup(electricity,heating,ventilation,telephone,...),theBuildingandInfrastructuregroup(includingtheworkplace,mechanicalconstructionandmaintenance)andtheTechnicalSecretariat(includingthedesigndepartmentandthereceptionofgoods). • Theuserinformationsystems:thisserviceconsistsof3groups:systemandnetworkmanagement,supportandinformationanalysisanddevelopment. “PersonnelandOrganisation” department focuses on two main activities: • personnel administration: management of administrative instruments • personnel management: implementation of a human resources management characterandindustrialimportancearethemostimportantdrivingforces,fallundertheResearchiscarriedoutintwodepartments.Theresearchactivities,forwhichtheinnovativeprogramme. “InnovationandRenovation,“I&R” Theenergyfields,energy,theenvironmentandmaterials,andcomprisesfourcentresofexpertise,viz.:department.Thisdepartmentfocusesontheresearchtechnology,materialtechnology,environmentaltechnologyandprocesstechnology. “MeasurementandEvaluation,“M&E” notandtheirrespectiveprojectgroups.However,thesummaryofthespecificactionsfor2001arethislight,asummaryisgivenbelowofthemostimportantactivitiesforeachcentreofexpertiseForeverycentreofexpertise,boththebasicobjectivesandtherelatedactionswereclarified.Incontentofthecurrentresearchandinnovationinaccordancewiththecurrentstrategicaims.usual,thiswasdonebyadoptingabottom-upapproachandsubjecttothemonitoringoftheAdetailedbudgetprogrammewasdrawnupfor2001fortherespectivecentresofexpertise.Asteledetectionfourcentresofexpertise,viz.:totalenvironmentalstudies,environmentalmeasurements,thequalityoftheenvironment(water,soil,air,health,food).Thisdepartmentalsocomprisesicy,whileontheotherhand,innovativeandproactiveresearchisalsocarriedoutwithregardtotalfieldofresearch,withanemphasis,ontheonehand,onthesupportandpreparationofpoldepartmentfocusesmainlyontheenvironmenandatmosphericprocesses,andenvironmentaltoxicology.includedinthisbriefsummary. thetransportsectorarealsoexaminedinthiscentreofexpertise.ableenergysources.Thereductionintheactualuseofenergyandtheactualemissionsinachievearationaluseofenergyandthebestpossibleallocationoftheavailableorrenewthebuildersofequipment,thefinalconsumersandthegovernmentintheirattemptstoThecentreofexpertiseforEnergytechnology(ETE)supportstheproducersofenergy, The most important tasks of this centre of expertise are carried out in four project groups. • Project group: electrical technology lampsandthestartofanewprojecttodevelopelectronicballastsforthenewcapacitiesortypesof2000),thereisnowinterestinprotectingtheacquiredknow-how(interalia,throughpatents)Afterconcludingtheinitialdevelopmentofelectronicballastsforexteriorlighting(ELGADIin(othersystemsforusingdaylight).• Projectgroup:thermaltechniques toolServiceswillalsobeprovidedtoindustry.TheEnergyPotentialScan(EPS)isanimportantresearchwasstartedonfuelcells.Ontheotherhand,industrialcontractresearchiscarriedout.strategicresearchfortheadaptivemonitoringofthermalsystems(ISOC).In2001,importantThethermo-technicallaboratoryhasacentralplaceinthisprojectgroup,withontheonehand,forthis. chapterIII.4–78
photovoltaicversionofenergy(especiallycombinedheatandpower)andrenewableenergy(solarcollectors,demonstrationprogrammeforrenewableenergytechnology.ItconcernsprojectsfortheconTheprojectgroupalsoretainsitsimportantroleinsupportingtheGovernmentofFlanders’energy,windenergy,biomass,thestorageofcold/heat).• Project group: underground energy sources greenhousegases,andrecyclingundergroundareasforthestorageofnaturalgasorproblemtheFlemishundergroundresources(extractinggasfromcoalbeds,theundergroundstorageofprojects.ThistaskhasnowbeenextendedwithresearchintoalternativepossibilitiesforusingandupdatethegeologicalandminingarchivesofMijnenNV,andtheiruseasthebasisfornewwhichwasestablishedin1966.ThemaintaskoftheCentreofExpertisewasinitiallytodrawupThecoreofthisprojectgroupisthe“CentreofExpertiseforUndergroundEnergySources”,aticmaterials).Thisprojectgroupalsodealswithactivitiesrelatedtothestorageofenergyintheground.Thestorageofcold/heatinaquiferswasdevelopedasanormalcommercialactivity,anditwasthereforetransferedtothespin-offIFFlanders,exceptforafewfeasibilitystudiesandenvironmentaleffectreportstudies.Thedevelopmentofhightemperaturestorageisbeingstarted(HTO40º…80ºC)intheground,onthebasisofcold/heatstorage.• Projectgroup:vehicletechnology This project group focusus on: • consumptiontheacquisitionofinsightsandexpertiserelatedtothefactorsinfluencingtheactualenergyandthecorrespondingemissionsofvehicles; • tantappropriatechannel,whileattheEuropeanlevel,theorganisationEUCARwillbeanimpor-anactiveapproachtothemarket.AttheFlemishlevel,the“FlandersDrive”networkistheBuildingupallthisexpertiseandexpandingthetechnologicalheritagewillbeaccompaniedbyquantifyenergyandenvironmentallyfriendly,aswellasthedevelopmentofproductsandtoolstothedevelopmentofproducts(suchasdraglines,components,...),whichareeconomicalwiththerealuseofenergyandtheemissionsofvehiclesandcomponents.partner.VOEMandE2tracremainasindispensabletoolsforcarryingoutsuchprojects. processestomeettheneedsofanindustrialsociety.introductionandimplementationofsustainable,innovativematerialsandtherelatedFortheMaterialTechnology(MAT)centreofexpertise,thebasictaskconsistsofthe expertise.Fourtechnologicalprojectgroupsandonesupportingprojectgroupareactiveinthiscentreof• Project group: surface technology treatmentThestrategicresearchiscarriedoutonthedevelopmentofglow-dischargeprocessesforsurfaceTheapplicationsarefocusedondepositsofcoveringlayers,andetchingandactivatingsurfaces.DLCtechnology),wetchemical“sol-gel”methodsandsputteringandevaporationtechniques.processesusingvacuum-supportedandatmosphericplasmaprocesses(PACVDprocesses,Inthenextfewyears,thesurfacetechnologyprojectgroupwillbeactiveinthefieldofsurfaceunderatmosphericpressure(APCVD).• Projectgroup:laserapplications strengthenvantorganisationsinFlanders(BIL,WTCM,CRMandOCAS/CLUSTA)canfurthercabilityoflasertechnologiesintheproductionprocess.Agoodpartnershipwiththeotherrelepowerfullaserdemonstrationcentre(attheEuropeanlevel).Companiescanevaluatetheapplitionsinthefuture.Thisequipmentisnowoperational.ThismeansthatVITOnowhasaveryitylaserequipmentin1999and2000madeitpossibletoprovideabroadrangeoflaserapplicaIn2001,theVITOCentreforLaserTechnologyisbeingestablished.Investmentsinhighqualthesevalorisationpossibilities. chapterIII.4–79
Supporting project group: Centre for advice and analysis of materials
TheindustryThealuminiumtechnologyprojectgroupfocusesonindustrialprocessesinthealuminium(improvingprocesses),andalsooninnovationsforthesmeltingprocesses.valorisationofthedevelopedtechnologieswillbeconcentratedaround:measurementsinindustrialsmelting(continuationofthePROCIASproject);insituNAgeneration;theso-calledCOSMAequipmentisoperationalbutrequiresfurtherimprovement;valorisationofknowledgeinthefieldofsensorsforliquidAl.•
powdermanufactureofceramicmaterials(powderconditioning,pressing,sinteringandproThisprojectgrouphasauniqueinfrastructureandknow-howinthefieldoftheconventionalcessing).SomebigcompaniesinFlandersareinterestedinthistechnology.Furthermore,thecooperationwithotherorganisationsinthisfield(WTCM,TNOIndustry)isstrengthened.•
erenceinFlandersfor:TheEnvironmentaltechnology(MIT)centreofexpertiseaimstoserveasacentreofref• techniques;environmentally-friendlyandeconomicallyjustifiedproductionandmanagementsupportofcompaniesandsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses,intheintroductionofthepromotion,demonstrationandadviceonthelogistic,andaboveall,technological • resolveenvironmentalproblems;objectivetechnological,ecologicalandeconomicadvicetoindustryandgovernmentto • soilandsilt.specificattentiondevotedtothepurificationof(waste)water,andcleaningpollutedthedevelopment/valorisationofnewindustrialtechnologieswillbecontinuedwith This centre of expertise comprises three project groups. • Project group: water waterthisprojectgroupcooperateswiththeIMScentreofexpertisearoundthetopic“sustainablemembranetechnology-andthisincooperationwiththePROcentreofexpertise.Moreover,whicharedifficulttobreakdown(pigments,etc.)andreusing/recyclingwaterbymeansofentirelyonthesustainableuseofwater-withattentiondevotedtothedestructionofpollutantsEnvironmentaltechnologicalresearchinthefieldofthetreatmentofwastewaterfocusesuse”.• Project group: soil cleaning-upupsoilexsitu.ThepossibilitieshavenowbeenextendedwithnewlydevelopedtestsforinsituInrecentyears,testsystemshavebeendeveloped(inlaboratoriesandforpilotstudies)tocleanoperations(suchasanevaluationtestforreactivewalls). chapterIII.4–80
Projectgroup:ceramicmaterialsandpowdermetallurgy
Project group: aluminium technology
laseranti-wearandtearlayer,resistanttocorrosion,andthelocalisedhardeningofcomponentswithThestrategicresearchisconcentratedonsurfacetreatmentswithlaser,i.e.,applyingathick,technology.•
assurance),Astarthasbeenmadeonthedevelopmentofaqualitysystem(qualitycontrolandqualitytomicrostructureresearchandmechanicalandtribologicaltests.ItalsogivesadviceandsupportTheactivitiesofthissupportiveprojectgroupcompriseadvice&supervision,expertise,otherprojectgroupswithinVITO,aswellastotheFlemishbusinesses.aswellastherelatedstandardisationactivities.
tiontheseprojects:pinchanalysis(focusingonwaterandenergy)andprocesssimulation(separatices”forthetechnicalimplementation.Twoaspectshavebeenselectedfortheexecutionofcalmanagementofwaterand/orenergyinindustrialprocessesanddescribesthe“bestpracThisprojectgroupfocusesontheidentificationoftheoptimaltechnical-economical-ecologitechniques).
andtheenvironmenttotherelevantpartiesinsociety.hopestoactasaFlemishplatformfordisseminatingelectronicinformationonenergytheenergyandenvironmentpolicywithregardtotheair,water,soilandwaste.Italsochainmanagement,BestAvailableTechnologiesandCleanerProduction,forsupportingreferenceinFlandersforenvironmentally-friendlyproductdevelopmentandintegratedtainableuseofrawmaterials,energyandtheenvironment.ItaimstoserveasacentreofmentsintegratedevaluationmethodsandmanagementconceptswithaviewtothesusTheIntegratedEnvironmentalStudies(IMS)centreofexpertisedevelopsandimple tothreerespectivelycarryoutdetailedstudiesoftheimpactontheenvironmentalaspectsrelatedmentalimpactofproductsandtechnologicaldevelopments,processesandsystems.TheotherTheactivitiesareorganisedinsixprojectgroups.Threegroupsstudytheintegratedenvironair,waterandsoil,andtheimpactofwaste. chapterIII.4–81
• Projectgroup:wasteandair izationMIMcentreofexpertiseforemissionmeasurementsandtheenvironmentalhygienecharacterThisgroupfocusesmainlyonprovidingservicesandinternalcooperation,especiallywiththemedium-sizedbusinesseswithregardtotheproblemsofodouremissionandprocessingwaste.Thewasteandairprojectgroupfocusesontheneeds/demandsofcompaniesandsmallandofwaste,andalsowithTAPformodulatingthedispersionofpolluantsintheair. tainablewaterandenergyconsumption.supercriticalfluidreactorsandprocessoptimalisation-inparticularwithregardtosustrialproductandprocessinnovation,particularlyinthefieldsofmembranetechnology,Themissionofthe“Processtechnology”(PRO)centreofexpertiseistosupportindus These development activities are divided over three project groups. • Projectgroup:membranetechnology membranes.layer,firstusingourownsupportmaterial,andlateroncommerciallyavailabletubularestablishedforthispurpose.Workistakingplacetodevelopachemicallystabletopandmiddleceramicnano-filtration,andthedevelopmentofaceramicnano-filtrationmembranehasbeenprocessesinindustryinFlandersandEurope.Thestrategicresearchfocuses,aboveall,onThisprojectgroupfocusesonthepromotionanddemonstrationofmembranesandmembrane• Projectgroup:reactortechnology nanofiltration.products)andtherecoveryofhighquality(enantioselective)homogenouscatalystslinkedtotems).Thefocusisonthesynthesisofhighqualityproducts(pharmaceuticalandchemicalsibilityofhybridreactors(inparticular,membranereactorsforfluid-fluidandfluid-gassys-(SCF).Thesecondsectionoftheprojectgroupisinvestigatingthetechnicalandeconomicfea-Thereactortechnologyprojectgroupisdevelopinganewtechnology,viz.,supercriticalfluids• Projectgroup:processoptimalisation
Projectgroup:strategiesforthereductionofemissions
Projectgroup:BBT/EMIScentreofexpertise
expertisethefieldsofapplicationofriskevaluation(morepollutantsandeffects),andanincreaseinronmentaldamagerelatedtoenergy.Inthemediumterm,theaimisforaselectiveincreaseincurrentexpertiseandpositioninthetwospearheadfields:soilpollutionandthecostsofenvition/assessmentoftheeffects.Intheshortterm,theprojectgroupaimstoconsolidateitstion.Thefocusoftheactivitiesliesonexposuredetermination,riskassessmentandquantificaandairpollution,aswellasthecostsofenvironmentaldamagerelatedtoenergyandairpollu-onmanandnature,andappliestheminaclient-orientedway.Spearheadfieldsaresoil,waterThisprojectgroupsdevelopsmethodstoevaluatetheconsequencesofenvironmentalpollution(modelling,effects,evaluation).•
•
Projectgroup:riskevaluationandthecostsofenvironmentaldamage
Projectgroup:productandtechnologystudies
importanceestedparties.Permanentqualitycontrolandupdatingtheinformationprovidedisofstrategicseminatesthis,mainlyviatheInternet(http://www.emis.vito.be),toabroadrangeofinter-energy-efficientandenvironmentally-friendlytechniquesandenvironmentalsystemsanddis-TheEnergyandEnvironmentInformationSystem(EMIS)activelycollectsinformationonmentforcollecting,evaluatinganddisseminatinginformationoncleantechniquestotheGovernThecentreofexpertiseforBestAvailableTechniques(BBTcentreofexpertise)isresponsiblegeneralmakesthemavailabletobusinessandindustry,thegovernment,researchinstitutes,andthe(EMIS),whichcollectskeydatarelatedtoenergyandtheenvironment,processesthemandmentalpolicy.Inaddition,itsupportstheEnergyandEnvironmentInformationSystemdersinthefieldofcleantechnology,andservesasacatalystforamodernindustrialenvironTheBBTprojectgroup-EMIScentreofexpertiseisthecentreforadviceandreferenceinFlanpublic.ofFlandersandindustry.fortheEMIS.•
chapterIII.4–82
nologydothis,usewillbemadeoftheavailableexpertiseonlifecycleanalyses,“ecodesign”and“techoftechnologyandsocietyinthecontextofsustainabletechnologicaldevelopment(DTO).Toresearchwillbecarriedoutandrecommendationswillbeformulatedonquestionsinthefieldandenergy),andintroducetheminindustryandgovernmentpolicy.Inconnectionwiththis,managementofproductchainsandmaterialsonthebasisofthesustainableuseofrawmaterialsThetaskoftheproductgroupistotesttheconceptoftotalchainmanagementinpractice(theassessment”.•
ofgovernmentandindustryonenvironmentalandgovernmentplanningandanalysesinsupportWiththehelpofvariousmodels(includingMarkal),thisprojectgroupprovidesservicesforpolicy,emphasisingreductionsinemissions.•
groupThisprojectgroupcollectstogethertheactivitieswithregardtosoilandwaterpollution.Thehasextensiveexpertiseinthisfield,interalia,withregardto:cleaningthesoilandsoilstudies,carriedoutinaccordancewiththeFlemishdecreeoncleaningthesoilandVlarebo);adviceandstudiesinthecontextofVlaremandVlarea;hydrogeologicalmodelstudiesandsimulations;assistancewithMERstudiesforenvironmentaleffectreportsinthedisciplinesofwaterandsoil;determinationoftherisksspreadbygroundwaterpollution.
Project group: soil and water pollution
residualInthemediumterm,thisprojectgroupwillofferexpertiseinthefieldofthecharacterizationofonIntheshortterm,actionswillbefocusedonpolicy-orientedsupportconcerningtheregulationsrawhygienecharacterisationandtheevaluationofagrowingnumberof“prospectivesecondaryandgovernment,asanindependentadvisorybodyforsettingstandards,environmentalTheprojectgroup,wastematerials&secondaryrawmaterials,servesasalinkbetweenindustrymaterials”.secondaryrawmaterials.materialsandthecreationofproductassessmentsystems. Europeanprogrammesonenvironmentalanalysis.peancontext,thecentreofexpertiseaimstoserveasapreferredcontactpointfortheronmentalproblems,adviceandthequalitycontrolofprivatelaboratories.IntheEuroconcretetermsinitstaskasareferencelaboratory,especiallyfortheinventoryofenvi“measureandanalyseenvironmentalpollution”.IntheFlemishcontext,thisisdoneinThemaintasksoftheEnvironmentalMeasurements(MIM)centreofexpertiseareto
This centre of expertise has four project groups. • Projectgroup:anorganicanalyses
ownvidedonlyinsofarastheyareofaspecialistnature,and/oraredirectlylinkedtothegroup’sapproachtothequalityandreliabilityoftheresultsthatareproduced.Externalservicesarepro-theexistingmethodsorinthedevelopmentofnewmethodsofanalysis,andanextremelyalertratoryintheFlemishandEuropeancontext.ThisobjectiverequiresconstantimprovementsinThestrategyoftheprojectgroup“anorganicanalyses”istoremainthetopenvironmentallabo-analyticalresearch.•
• Projectgroup:wastematerialsandsecondaryrawmaterials
Projectgroup:organicanalyses methodologicalordinaryactivitieswillberesumed(referencetasks,internalandexternalanalysisservices,ownextremelyreliableandprofessionalpartnerforthegovernment.In2001,itisexpectedthatitsworkingforthefederalgovernment.Inthisway,thelaboratorywasabletoproveitselfasaneffectsforthisprojectgroup.Duringthisperiod,theentirelaboratorywasvirtuallyexclusivelythequalityandreliabilityoftheresultsproduced.Thedioxincrisisof1999hadfar-reachingmethodsorinthedevelopmentofnewmethodsofanalysis,andanextremelyalertapproachtointheFlemishandEuropeancontext.ThistaskrequiresconstantimprovementsintheexistingThestrategyofthe“organicanalyses”projectgroupisalsotoremainatopreferencelaboratoryresearch),subjecttoanumberofspecificmodifications.• Projectgroup:gasanalysis assessedpollution.Withregardtoqualityguarantee,thefeasibilityoforganisingringtestswillbeemphasisliesonthedevelopmentofitsownresearchwithregardtosamplinganddomesticairTheprojectgroupwillmainlycontinuethelineofresearchofthelastfewyears.Animportanttoobtainanaccreditedqualitycertificatefortheorganisationofringtests.• Projectgroup:airanalysis thisprojectgroupwithregardtotheacquisitionofindustrial(andgovernment)commissionsintoammoniaanddust(particles,aerosols,smog).Inaddition,thereisanimportanttaskforresearchintodioxinsinindustrialemissionsandtheenvironment,odourresearchandresearchlemsconfrontingtheGovernmentofFlanders.Themostimportantlinesofresearcharetheaimedatmeasuringairpollution)andtoprovideapolicy-orientedbasistotacklethenewprobThestrategyofthisprojectgroupmainlyconsistsofcarryingoutresearch(throughprojects chapterIII.4–83
beentocarryoutmeasurementsonemissions.Forseveralyears,thenuisancecausedbyodourshasanewfocusofattention. itoringandpolicy-orientedstudies.distributionandintegrationoftheseproductsinscientificresearch,environmentalmonIncreasingly,theemphasisisontheaddedvalueofsatelliterecordings,viathemaximumandatmosphericprocessesandtheuseofteledetectiontomonitortheenvironment.sustainableandinternationallyrecognisedcontributiontothemodellingofterrestrialTheTeledetectionandAtmosphericProcesses(TAP)centreofexpertiseaimstomakea There are three project groups. • Projectgroup:teledetection observationoftheearthforenvironmentalmonitoringinprojectsforgovernmentandindusTheTeledetectionprojectgroupdevelops,demonstratesandimplementsapplicationsforthetry,inBelgiumandabroad.Theprojectgroupmainlyconductsresearchintotheuseofteledetectionforidentifyinglandcover,estimatingproductivityofcrops,calculatingchangesinlanduse,andtheimpactofenvironmentaldisruptionorhumaninterventiononvegetation.• Projectgroup:atmosphericprocesses tantproblem.ThecontinueddevelopmentoftheurbanmodelAURORAisastrategicallyimpor-ingtowardsozoneandtheemissionofparticlesandforFlanders,itisespeciallyonthedioxinataninternationallevel.Thefocusofattentionintheenvironmentalpolicyisincreasinglymov-urbanandregionallevelinprojectsforgovernmentandindustryandvalidatesthetechnologyTheAtmosphericProcessesprojectgroupmodelsandevaluatesthequalityoftheairatalocal,projectinthisrespect.• Projectgroup:imaging exploitationofthegroundsectorforimagingandarchivingofSPOT-VGT,andthecoordinaguarantee,aclient-friendlyserviceandaninternationalreputation.Themainactivityistheingofteledetectiondatainimageform,withtechnicalandscientificaddedvalue,withaqualityTheimagingprojectgroupisdevelopingandexploitingfacilitiesfortheprocessingandarchiv-tionofthewholeimageproduction.Inaddition,improvementsaremadetotheproductionchain,andtotheimageproductsforthesecondgenerationsensor(SPOT-VGT2-launchin2002).Intheshortandmediumterm,itaimstoextendtheservicesbyimplementingtheapplicationofSPOT-VGTimagesandattractingnewimageprocessingactivities.Itwillalsodevelopcloselyrelatedservices(forexample,EOWorksandEOCluster). innovationinmeasuringtheeffectsonmanandtheenvironment.systemsandhumanhealth.Thecentre’sresearchismainlyfocusedontechnologicalcentrealsoevaluatestheeffectsandrisksofenvironmentallydangerousmaterialsforecoformonitoringhumanhealthinFlanders,inrelationtoenvironmentalpollution.TheThe“Environmentaltoxicology”centreofexpertiseaimstobecomeareferencecentre The activities of this centre of expertise are divided over two project groups. • Projectgroup:health intoforthescientificandtechnicalcounsellingforapreventivehealthpolicy.ThecurrentresearchThisprojectgroupaimstobecomethereferencecentrefortheFlemishauthorities,responsiblethecausalmechanismsintherelationshipbetweenpollutionandhealthisfocusedon:therelationbetweentheincreaseinasthmaandallergiesandtheexposuretopollutants;theeffectsofnon-ionisingradiation;harmfulhormonalelementsandtheirinfluenceonreproduction. chapterIII.4–84
• Projectgroup:eco-toxicology Centres.approximately8.68millionEUR(excludinganyco-funding)willbeavailablefortheSupportlimitedto4.96millionEURintheBudgetfor2001.Inthenextfewyears,anannualbudgetofProgrammeandtoprogressivelyestablishtheSupportCentres,thefundsforthecentreswereTakingintoaccountthetransitionalstagetocompletethePolicy-orientedResearchSupportdividedbetweentheSupportCentreforEmploymentandLabour(2.75millionEUR)andthe12.31ofProgramme71.1(policy-orientedresearchinthehealthsector).Thesefundswere(5.5millionEURfromBA12.29ofProgramme71.1(PBO)and1.24millionEURfromBAThefirsttwoSupportCentreswerealreadystartedupwithfundsfromthebudgetfor2000permanenttermresearchprojects.Themanagementagreementwillbetheinstrumentformonitoringandresponsibleforaclusterofdatacollection,thebuildingupofindicators,andlongandshort-mentwillbefortheperiod2001-2006.Accordingtotheagreement,eachCentrewillbementwillbeconcludedwiththeSupportCentresforfiveyears.Thefirstmanagementagreeexperts(oftherelevancetopolicyaswellastheintrinsicscientificvalue),amanagementagreeAcallforproposalswillbemadefortheseSupportCentres.Afteranevaluationbyindependent13.R&D12.Careers11.Enterprise,10.EnvironmentalTheforproceduresandconditionsfortheselection,recognitionandfundingoftheSupportCentresOn1December2000,theGovernmentofFlandersinprincipleapprovedtheselectedtopics,criticalmass.Inthisway,stabilityisachievedwithinaclearlystructuredcontractualframework.theEducationDecreeX.TheSupportCentresareaimedatbringingtogetherorbuildinguparesearch.Thiswillberealizedintheformof“SupportCentres”,inaccordancewiththeaimoficy-orientedresearchprogramme(PBO)toamorestructuralfundingofpolicy-orientedOn8June2000,theGovernmentofFlandersdecidedtoredirectthefundsoftheformerPolBAconditions)organismsintheenvironment.Inaddition,theseeco-toxicitytestsarealsoused(underGLPThekeytaskofthisprojectgroupconsistsoftracingandevaluatingtheeffectsofsubstancesontogaugetheenvironmentalsafetyofproducts.33.03SubsidyforSupportCentresforpolicy-orientedresearchpolicy-orientedresearch.selectedtopicsforthe13SupportCentresareasfollows:1.AdministrativeorganisationinFlanders2.Sport,exerciseandhealth3.RecreationalFlanders4.Trafficsafetywithincreasingmobility5.Employmentandlabour6.Tourism7.Healthandenvironment8.Equalrightspolicy9.Sustainableagriculturesciencebusinessesandinnovationofstudentsineducationstatisticsevaluation.CentreforSport,ExerciseandHealth(2.75millionEUR). chapterIII.4–85
BA 33.41Subsidy for the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (KMDA) theAbudgetof17.1millionEURhasbeenmadeavailablefortheIWTspecialisationgrantsforprogrammedemicresearchandindustry.ThisBAwastransferedfromprogramme71.2tothisnewaccounttheapplicabilityoftheresearchresults,withaviewtobuildingbridgesbetweenacagrantsaregivenwiththesponsorshipofFlemishbusinesses.Theevaluationcriteriatakeintograntedapproximately150grantsfordoctoratessince1994(formerlytheIWONL).TheseInthecontextofthepostgraduateeducationofyoungresearchersinFlanders,theIWThasBAmoreandagreatdealofattentionisdevotedtoawarenessraisingandmakingthistypeofresearchscientificresearch.Thesecomprisethemanagementanddevelopmentofamultimediacentre,communityinFlandersandtherelatedpolicy.TheVLIZalsocarriesoutactivitiesinsupportofThesubsidyamountsto0.74millionEUR.ThesecreditsservetosupportthemaritimescienceZeeleeuw”,Throughtheoceanographicplatform,theVLIZalsogiveaccesstothemultifunctionalship“deandInthisway,FlanderscanparticipateinworldwidenetworksfortheexchangeofdataontheseasgraphicItactivelyparticipatesinthedevelopmentofstandardsandexchangeproceduresforoceano-flows.Asaninformationcentre,theVLIZcanofferappropriateinformationtotheauthorities.higherlevelofdataexchange.CareistakentogiveoptimalaccesstothesehugeinformationTheMaritimeDataCentreislocatedintheVLIZ.Thisoperationaldatacentreencouragesacontext.cerned,andwillinthiswayincreasethevisibilityofmaritimeresearchintheinternationalTheVLIZwillserveasaclearlyidentifiablecontactpointintheinternationalforumscon-giumtheotherhand,policyagenciescanoptimisetheiractivitiesthroughthiscentre,bothinBel-formformaritimeresearch.Itaimsatintegratingthescientificdevelopmentswithpolicy.OnTheVLIZfunctionsasadiscussionplatformaswellasaninformationandcoordinationplattasks.anditisnowworkinginthese,focusingonthefunctionalaspects,aswellastheoperationalDuringthecourseof2000,TheFlemishInstituteforthesea(VLIZ)startedupmanyactivitiesBAexpenditure,tionalexchangeprogrammes.BA52.01hasallocatedanother0.13millionEURtoinvestmenttheKMDAtoextendtheresearchwithmedicalveterinarianresearch,inthecontextofinternaityoftheresearch.ThebudgetofthisBAwasincreasedto0.25millionEUR,inordertoallowAscientificadvisorycommittee(withrepresentativesfromtheuniversities)monitorsthequalistoendangeredspecies,andisfocusedonproblem-oriented,management-relatedquestions.ItmentcostsarisingfromscientificresearchintheKMDA’sfieldofaction.ThisresearchrelatesThesubsidyof0.25millionEURforBA33.41isusedforthepersonnel,operatingandequip(KMDA)BA52.01SubsidyforinvestmentexpenditurefortheRoyalZoologicalSocietyofAntwerpandcarriedoutinclosecollaborationwithuniversitiesandscientificinstitutes.inparticular,therenewalofthelaboratoryinfrastructure.33.43SubsidyfortheFlemishInstitutefortheSeaandabroad.dataintheinternationalcontext.estuaries.andcontributestooperationalmaritimecooperation.accessible.41.02SubsidyfortheIWTrelatedtotheallocationofspecialisationgrants71.4.year2001. chapterIII.4–86
extendedexaminewhethertheinitiativeshouldbeoftheHOBUwillbeevaluated.ThiswillDuringthecourseof2001,theoperation5.95Theinitialcreditsfor2001amountto18fundingbytheIWTin1997andin1998,tively,ofwhich20werefinallyselectedfor46,48and61filesweresubmittedrespecmillionEURin2000.Intheseyears,86,year.Thebudgetwasincreasedto5.92EURavailableforthisprogrammeeveryernmentofFlandersmade4.21million2000.Forthefirstthreeyears,theGov1998,December1999andNovemberinJanuary1997,FebruaryandNovemberappealsforproposalshavebeenlaunched-Sincetheestablishmentofthisfund,five0.31months,withabudgetofamaximumofcerned.Theseprojectsrunforatmost24canbeappliedinthecompaniescon-nologicalopportunitiesandseehowtheytuteofhighereducationwilllookfortech-activelyinvolvedintheproject.Theinsti-sizedbusinesses).Thesecompaniesarecompanies(mostlysmallandmedium-vantforagroupofatleastthreetionpotential.Aprojectshouldberele-withacleareconomicand/orsocialvalida-tionreceivefinancialsupportforprojectsthisFundtheinstitutesofhighereducacansubmitprojectproposals.Throughyear,andinstitutesofhighereducationmodalities,anappealislaunchedeveryoutthemodalities.AccordingtotheseassignedtotheIWT,whichalsoworkedThemanagementofthisHOBUfundwastheseinstitutesofhighereducation.sizedbusinesses,inparticularthroughFlemishcompaniesandsmallandmedium-distributionoftechnologicalexpertisetoeducation,butalsoatamoreefficientvalidationinFlemishinstitutesofhigheratimprovingtechnologicalresearchanditstioninFlanders(HOBU).ThiswasaimedresearchattheinstitutesforhighereducaencourageandsupporttechnologicalSince1997,therehavebeengrantstoatBA41.04SpecialIWTgrantforresearchinstitutesofhighereducationmillionEUR.in1999,and26in2000.millionEUR.tootherareas. chapterIII.4–87
Chapter – III.5 The Sectoral Science Policy OA1.COORDINATION7.Science,6.Environment5.Economics,4.Welfare,3.Education2.General1.Coordinationare:Thediscussionfollowsthestructureofthebudgetforeachdepartment.ThesevendepartmentsactualThischapterdescribesthemostimportantinitiativestakingplaceinpolicyfieldsotherthanthesciencepolicyfieldinordertosupportandoutlinethepolicy.AffairsandFinancePublicHealthandCultureEmployment,HomeAffairsandAgricultureandInfrastructureInnovationandMediaDEPARTMENT(COO)11ChancelleryandInformationAdministration Programme 11.3Chancellery BA 12.04Research, study and expertise costs related to state pointsFirst,thiswillresultinanamendmentofthespecialfundinglaw.ThefollowingbasicstartingThesubsidiarityistrativestrengthoftheinstitutions.Thestartingpointsforthisshouldbe:responsibility,betweenthefederalandFlemishlevelsofgovernment.Thischangeshouldincreasetheadminparticular,theGovernmentofFlanderswouldliketochangethedistributionofpowerstionalinnovation,stepsmustbetakentomakechangesintheadministrationofFlanders.InThegovernmentManifestooftheGovernmentofFlandersstatesthatinthefieldofinstitureformandsolidarity.Lambermontagreementof16October2000mustbeconvertedintolegislation.willhaveacentralplace:•refundingtheCommunities; chapterIII.5–89
• (Eurovignette,thetransferofradioandTVlicences,theregionaltaxesandanumberoftaxeslinkedtothisgifttaxes,registrationfeesontheestablishmentofmortgages); • increasing the fiscal autonomy of the regions with regard to income tax;
thepolicyarea,andspecificallyaboutthelifeofthetargetgroups,drawingupstatisticstosupinstrument.Determiningtheactualmechanismsofdeprivation,gatheringinformationaboutAsEqualOpportunitiesisanewpolicyarea,scientificresearchisaparticularlyimportant0.50BAforInordertocreateacoherentpolicy,theEqualOpportunitiesdepartmentinFlandershasoptedthefollowingstrategicobjectives:•theactualinequalitiesinsocietymustberevealedandbecomeasubjectofdebate,inparticu-lar,forthetargetgroupsofwomen,immigrants,homosexuals,lesbiansandbisexuals,thehandicapped,andpersonswhoarediscriminatedagainstonthebasisoftheirage;•tocontributetoconstructivesolutionstopromoteequalityandequalrightsforthesegroupsinsocietyandincreasetheirchancesofanintegratedandautonomouslife.Atthesametime,theEqualOpportunitiesdepartmentwantstopreventnewinequalitiesfromarisingforthesegroups.12.02ExpenditurewithregardtoresearchmillionEURofthisBAisallocatedtoresearch.portdeprivationorinequality,areallveryimportant.Thereisagreatneedforthis,asnotmuchresearchhasyetbeencarriedoutinthisfairlynewpolicyarea.Theabsenceofdatarepresentsasignificantlackfortheequalopportunitiespolicy.Scientificresearchcanprovidetheknowledgeandinsightstocontributetoconstructivesolutions.Therearevirtuallynoindicatorsyetformeasuringtheeffectoftheequalopportunitiespolicy.Inparticular,thereisagreatneedfortheresearchintothedevelopmentofmeasurementinstrumentsfortheeffectsofpolicy.Theeffectsofresearchcanonlybemeasuredinthelongterm.Theknowledgethatisacquiredwillbeintegratedinthebroadequalopportunitiespolicy;ontheotherhand,theresultsoftheresearchcangiverisetospecificactions.
chapterIII.5–90
• desirabledevelopmentofFlemishautonomyinareliableway.ExternalexpertiseisusedbyconPermanentstudyandresearcharenecessarytoachievethebroadestpossibleconsensusontheOtherlevellingofftaxation,transferredtotheRegionsandCommunities,inpursuanceofthespecialfinancinglaw.reformsarealsoforeseen:•regionalisationofmunicipalandprovinciallaw-withtheexceptionofmattersalreadyregulatedbythepublicorderlawof9August1988andthepoliceandfirebrigadepolicy;•regionalisationofcontrolsonelectionexpenditure;•increasingtheautonomyoftheRegionswithregardtotheuseofdrawingrightsfortheemploymentprogrammes;•aregionalisedapproachtoagricultureand(foreign)trade;•thetransferofthemoneyfromtheNationalLottery;•thetransferofdevelopmentcooperationfrom2004–insofaritfallsunderthecompetencesortheRegionsandCommunities.tractingouttheresearch.ThemainbeneficiariesareuniversitiesandresearchinstituteswithexpertiseinthepoliticalstructureofthefederalstateofBelgiumanditsfederatedstates.
Programme 11.4The Equal Opportunities Policy
OA12 AdministrationofForeign Affairs Programme 12.1General Foreign Policy uationcountriesandtheappropriateindicatorsfortheevalselectioncriteriatodeterminetheprioritypartnerscientificallysoundmethodologytoidentifytheGoodsupportforpolicyalsodemandsresearchforaInaddition,inaccordancewiththepolicymemoranneededthemultilateralorganisations,athoroughstudyissuggestthatinordertodevelopaFlemishpolicyonsations.Thefirstinterimreportsofthislaststudygreaterpartinintergovernmentalmultilateralorgani-andontheopportunitiesoffederatedstatestoplayaodsadoptedfordevelopingtheeducationnetworksocial-economicalsituationinFlanders,onthemeth1999ontheimpactoftheexpansionoftheEUontheResearch(PBO),researchwascontractedoutinInthecontextoftheProgrammeforPolicy-OrientedresearchThecredits(0.37millionEUR)forthisBAfundeignBA12.40ResearchandstudiesontheFlemishforpolicyprojectsrelatedtoFlemishforeignpolicy.oftwonewaspects,viz.:•(Flemish)developmentcooperationandthemul-tilateralorganisations;•thefunctionofsmallercountriesinthecontextofmultilateralorganisations:alessonforFlanders.dumonForeignPolicy–investmentsarealsomadeinspecificscientificprojectswhichcancontributetogivinggreaterprioritytotheFlemishforeignpolicyandthedevelopmentofaFlemishpolicyondevelopmentcooperation.Thefollowingpossibilitieshavebeenconsidered:•anenvironmentalanalysisoftheMiddleEast;•acloserlinkbetweentheMaghrebcountriesandtheEU:opportunitiesforFlanders;•theresultsoftheFlemishcontributiontotheBelgianPresidencyoftheEU.oftheforeignpolicy. chapterIII.5–91
OA2.GENERALAFFAIRSANDFINANCEDEPARTMENT(AZF)21PlanningandStatisticsAdministration Programme 21.1Planning and Statistics ResearchscientificThecreditallocatedtoBA12.02amountsto0.84millionEUR,ofwhich0.37millionisforstatisticsBA12.02AvarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheactivitiesandproductsforplanningandProgrammeThesetheirincreasinglystimulatesthemtojustifytheirlocalpolicychoicesandtomeasuretheeffectsofThesecondobjectivealsosupportslowerauthorities,becausetheGovernmentofFlandersThefirststrategicobjectiveisspecificallyrelatedtotheGovernmentofFlandersanditsservices.2.ToprovidetheFlemishauthoritiesingoodtimewithhighqualityandrelevantregionalsta1.TosupporttheGovernmentofFlandersinitsstrategicmanagement,bycarryingouttheThisicyThetaskforthe“planningandstatistics”policyfieldistogiveastrategicdimensiontothepoloftheGovernmentofFlandersandtoprovideastrongfoundation.taskgivesrisetotwostrategicobjectives:strategicplanningprocessrelatedtothepolicyfields,andbythesystematicandintegratedmonitoringoftheintendedpolicyeffects.tisticstosupporttheirpolicy.measures.strategicobjectiveshavethefollowingaims:•theFlemishauthoritiesshouldstopadhocpolicymakingandshouldadaptalong-termper-spective,aswellasanintegratedapproachindecisionmaking;•policypreparationandmonitoringshouldbeintegratedinaglobalpolicyandmanagementcycle;•theFlemishauthoritiesshouldincreasinglymakejustifiedandoptimaluseof(validated)statistics.21.1hasonlyonebasicallocation.research.willbecarriedoutinthefollowingareas: Studies and forward planning works,etc.),inthebudgetaryfield(growthperspectives,financialmeans,etc.),andintheglobalisation,etc.),changesinsociety(individualism,attentionforsustainability,socialnetpopulation,reducedfamilysize,etc.),macro-economicdevelopments(internationalisation,Thisrequiresthepermanentmonitoringofdevelopmentsrelatedtodemographics(ageingcanauthoritiesareinformedingoodtimeaboutfuturedevelopmentsandtheconsequencestheseInordertotakepossiblefuturedevelopmentsintoaccount,itisveryimportantthattheFlemishhaveonpolicymaking. chapterIII.5–93
FlemishDecember1997onprovisionsrelatedtothemanagementoffunds,debtsandguaranteesofthedebt,aswellasalltheloanstorefinancetheabove-mentionedloans(cf.theDecreeof16tofinanceitsdeficits,orcontractuallytakenoverbytheFlemishCommunityfromtheindirectFlemishCommunity.Directdebtconcernsloans,eithertakenoutbytheFlemishCommunityThisprogrammeconcernsthemanagementandfinancialservicesforthedirectdebtoftheCommunity).
Survey
cialNevertheless,theresultswillbemorebroadlypublishedandinthiswaybecomesubjecttoso-ontheinformationneedsofthegovernmentforitspolicypreparationandevaluationtasks.entificresearchandpolicy,butfromnowonwards,theanalyseswillbemoredirectlyfocusedorientedResearch).Thiscontinuestobenecessarytoachievethebestcooperationbetweensci-sources(comparisonwithotherscientificresearchandpollsabroad)(ProgrammeforPolicy-Uptonow,universitieshavebeencommissionedtocarryoutdetailedanalysesofthedataThefieldworkandthesamplesattheNationalRegisterrequireabudgetof0.186millionEUR.datainthefieldshouldalsobemonitored,inorderthatthepolicymakerscanbasetheirdecisionsonquestionsshouldbeaskedinamethodologicallysoundway.ThequalityoftheworkcarriedoutpartofthesocialcontextinwhichtheGovernmentofFlandershastodevelopinitiatives.Thepolicy.Thislongitudinalresearchisimportanttofollowupculturalshiftsandisanessentialface”interviews),surveyingattitudes,viewsandconductwithregardtotheissuesinvolvedinSince1996,theGovernmentofFlandershasorganisedasurveyeveryyear(with1,500“facetothatareasreliableaspossible.discussionatstudydaysorworkshopsforspecifictargetgroups.
chapterIII.5–94
andandfollowupgovernmentpolicy.TheresearchresultscanbeusedbythewholegovernmentcontextofstudiesoffuturedevelopmentsandthedevelopmentofcomplexmodelstoprepareScientificinstitutesarecommissionedtocarryoutresearch.ThisconcernsspecifictopicsintherequiresSubsequentlytheresultsmustbetranslatedintoinformationthatisrelevanttopolicy.ThisInthefirstplace,thismissionrequiresthecollectionofdataandprovidingaccesstothesedata.alternativetechnologicaldomain(telematics,innovation,etc.).Theseforesightstudiesshouldprovidescenariosfortheapproachtoapolicyforthefuture.longitudinalresearch,researchintocausallinksandthedevelopmentofmodels,etc.itsservices.
Strategic planning and follow up of policy ofpolicy.ThiswilltakeplaceonthebasisoftheevaluationofnewtechniquesandtheexaminaStudieswillbecommissionedtodevelopthemethodologyforstrategicplanningandfollowuptionofexamplesinothercountries(budget0.05millionEUR).Budgetsarealsoneededtodevelopcomputerapplicationsforarchivingpurposesandtoprovideaccesstothestrategicpolicyinformation(partoftheinformationtechnologybudgettoimproveexistingproductsanddevelopa“onestopcontactpoint”forpolicyinformationandstatistics-partof0.3millionEUR).OA24Budgeting,AccountingandFinancialManagementAdministration Programme 24.4Direct debt
tionisimmediatelyreflectedinasignificantreducthereduceddirectdebtin1998and1999,whichcreditforthesebasicallocationsistheresultofallocatedtotheseBAs.Thereductioninthe8.11and28.04millionEURarerespectivelyties’BA91.05Repaymentofcapitalontheuniversi(AcademicBA21.05Interestontheuniversities’loantransferredamountingto0.22billionEUR.ThissectorwasweretransferredintoasingleoverallloanIn1998,theuniversityloans(academicsector)fromtheindirecttothedirectdebt.sector)loan(Academicsector)intheburdenofinterest. Programme 24.8Indirect debt 2.38taloutbytheuniversitiesandtheUniversityHospiBA40.03Interestrepaymentsofloanstakenreallocationsofcredits(cf.theuniversities).subordinateadministrations),orimportant(forexample,inthesectorofsubsidisedworksoftionsresultinginasignificantreturnofpremiumaccompaniedbyearlierrepaymentsornegotiaestablishedprovisions.InsomecasesthiswasoninterestwithinoroutsidethecontractuallyattemptsweremadetoachievemaximumsavingsCompany,CreditfortheFlemishuniversities),Invarioussectors(includingtheFlemishWaterthatthereisroomfornewexpenditure.aswellasminim1isingtheburdenofinterest,soventFlemishinterestpaymentsfromsnowballing,Asfordirectdebt,itisextremelyimportanttopreexpenseandtheburdenofinterestisattheexpenseoftheprojects.Thisisincasethecapitalrepaymentsfinancetheimplementationofspecificpolicyities,orbytheFlemishCommunityitself,tonityortheFlemishRegion),orbylesserauthor-decree,andfallingundertheFlemishCommu-publiclaw(establishedinpursuanceofalaworcernsloanstakenouteitherbylegalpersonsinFlemishCommunity.Theindirectdebtcon-financialservicingoftheindirectdebtoftheThisprogrammeconcernsthemanagementandbudgetoftheFlemishCommunity.ofGhenttofinancerealestateinvestmentsmillionEURisallocatedtothisBA. chapterIII.5–95
3.EDUCATION DEPARTMENT (OND) OA33 HigherEducationandScientificResearchAdministration Programme 33.2University Education adaptedbasisofthedebateabouttheimprovementofhighereducation.Thefuturebudgetswillbetheexistingfundingarrangementfortheuniversitieswillbemodified.ThiswillbedoneontheInthisrespect,thebudgetfor2001isstillatransitionalbudget.Duringthecomingmonths,tific,Theuniversitiesmusthavethefundstorespondadequatelytothemanychangesinthescien-continueApartfromthis,theFlemishauthoritieswillmaintainfreeaccesstouniversityeducation,andmustfutureyoungFlemishpeopleasfaraspossible,fromaninternationalperspective.Thepolicyaffordableandhighstandardofuniversityprovisions,whichmeetstheneedsofpresentandTogetherwiththeuniversities,thegovernmentthereforeworksoutapolicytoprovideanlencebetweenthesethreedimensionsoftheirtask,inaccordancewiththedecree,andpursueexcelresearch,aswellasacademicservices.TheyhavetoachievethebestpossibleinteractionIntheinterestsofsociety,universitiesworkinthefieldsofacademiceducationandscientificlesserProgramme33.2concernsuniversitystudentsinFlanders,theFlemishuniversities,and(toaextent),someotherinstitutesofacademiceducationandresearch.inallthreesectors.continuetosupportanimprovementinthequalityofuniversityeducation.toadopttheprinciplethatthecostsarelargelycoveredbycommunityfunds.technological,socialandscientificfields.inrelationtothemodifiedfunding. Sources: • the Decree of 12 June 1991 related to the universities of the Flemish Community; • the manifesto of the Government of Flanders; • the main lines of the adaptation of the universities’ funding, 17 July 2000; • the September Declaration, 25 September Theuniversityfundinginthisprogrammeconsistsoftheoperationalsubsidiesandtheemploy2000.ers’legalcontributions(togetheraccountingforapproximately90%ofthetotalbudgetofprogramme33.20),theinvestmentsubsidies,andthesocialgrantsforstudents.BA41.20,41.21,44.81,44.82,44.83,44.84,44.85and44.86OperationalsubsidiesforFlemishuniversitiesTheoperationalsubsidiescontributetocoveringthenormalexpensesforacademiceducation,scientificresearch,scientificservices,andtheadministrationoftheFlemishuniversities.Therealizationofthemainobjective(offeringanaffordableandhighstandardofuniversityeducation)isinextricablylinkedtoanumberofotherimportantobjectives.Thegovernmentistryingtoachieveagoodbalancebetweenperformanceandtheavailablepublicfundsbymeansofdifferentfundingsystems(operationalsubsidies,employers’legalcontributions,investmentsubsidies,thesocialgrantsforstudents). chapterIII.5–97
willAstartwillbemadeindevelopinganewfundingarrangementinthenextfewyears,andthisgovernment.beconcludedsothatuniversitieswillindividuallyorjointlycometoanagreementwiththeimproveuniversityeducation,educationalmodernisationandlifelonglearning.Covenantswilltheenvelopeoftheoperationalsubsidies,aswellasadditionalfunds.ThisFundwillservetoAUniversityRestructuringFundwillbeestablishedtoachievethis,fundedbyanadvancefromThis2004,Theintentionistocreateatransitionalarrangementfortheperiod2001uptoandincludingfundingInJuly2000,theGovernmentofFlandersinprincipledecidedonthemainlinesforanewpartiesinvolvedinuniversityeducationarejustified,andcancountonsupportinpoliticalquartheneedforhighlyqualifiedpeopleandahighstandardofbasicresearch,thedemandsoftheInviewoftheincreasingimportanceoftheuniversitiesinthecurrentknowledgesociety,andrevised,Inthiscontext,themethodforcalculatingtheuniversityoperationalsubsidieswasrepeatedlytakingthefollowingobjectivesintoconsideration:•toformulatearesponsetothepartialabolitionofArticle130oftheDecreeof12June1991relatingtotheuniversitiesoftheFlemishCommunity,asamendedbyArticle127oftheDecreeof21December1996,relatedtoEducationVI,inadecisionoftheCourtofArbitration;•tocorrectthesignificantdifferencesinthecostpriceofeach“educationaltaxunit”betweentheuniversitiesthemselves;•toonceagainfinancehigheracademiceducation,inwhichcontrollingspendingcontinuestobeanimportantstartingpoint;•tostructurallyincreasethebasicfundingofuniversities;•toimproveuniversityeducation.tersforcontinuingtoincreasethebasicfundingoftheuniversitiesinastructuralsense.TheGovernmentofFlanders’manifestoclearlystatesthatthedeficitsrelatedtotheoperationalsubsidiesmustbemetinthenearfuture.Inthiscontext,thesefundshavebeenfurtherincreasedinastructuralsensesincethebudgetyear2000.Thispolicywillbecontinuedin2001andsubsequentyears.Toachievethesecondaspectofthestrategicobjective–toimprovethequalityofuniversityeducation-thegovernmenthasthefollowingobjectives:•Theimprovementofuniversityeducationisinextricablylinkedwiththestructuralreformofhighereducation,inaccordancewiththeBolognaAgreements,andisalsolinkedtotherevi-sionofthefundingarrangementsoftheuniversities.•Thestructuralreformofuniversityeducationmustleadtobettercollaborationbetweentheinstitutesofhighereducationandtheuniversities,withtransparentandidentifiablequalifi-cationsandwithanemphasisonquality.•Moreover,thisrestructuringmustbethestartofanimprovementinuniversityeducationandoftherevisionofthefundingarrangementsoftheFlemishuniversities.arrangementfortheFlemishuniversities.sothatthefundingregulationswillbefullyrevisedby2005.transitionalarrangementhasthefollowingemphases:•thevariousenvelopesaredeterminedindependentlyofthestudents;•existinganomaliesinthefundingarrangementsareeliminated;•additionalfundsareprovidedtostrengthenacademicresearchandtomoderniseuniversityeducation;•restructuringfunds,inplaceofredirectedoperationalfunds;•extrafundsandsupportfortheestablishmentoftheTUL(TransnationalUniversityLimburg).gointooperationfrom2005onwards. chapterIII.5–98
(I.O.B.),whichsucceededtheexistingCollegefortheDevelopingCountries,theVlericktheinstitutes:theFlemishInteruniversityInstituteofDevelopmentPolicyandManagementcation,scientificresearchandscientificservices,containsregulationswhichapplytosomeofThedecreeof18May1999,relatedtosomeinstitutesforpublicwelfare,forpostgraduateeduBAcineAcreditof0.27millionEURisallocatedfortheinvestmentsoftheInstituteofTropicalMediBAhavefundsandtherequirementsmustbeprogressivelyreduced.From2000,theinvestmentcreditsinfrastructureforthequalityofeducation.ThereforethegapbetweentheexistinginvestmentmentofFlanders’manifestoemphasisestheimportanceofadecentworkingenvironmentandTheywerebarelysufficientforthemaintenanceandminorrenovationprojects.TheGovernTheinvestmentcreditswereinadequatetocovertheinfrastructuralneedsoftheuniversities.Theservicesandadministration.Thisincludestherealestateusedforheavyscientificequipment.rebuilding,maintenanceandmajorrepairstorealestateusedforeducation,research,scientificbeusedfortheexpensesarisingdirectlyfromtheacquisition,establishmentorexpansion,Aninvestmentcreditof21.84millionEURisprovidedfortheFlemishuniversities.ThismustBAestateerstheacquisition,establishmentorexpansion,rebuilding,maintenanceandrepairsofrealcosts,equipment,andthefinancialcostsofthesocialprovisionsofstudents.ThisBAalsocov-Thesesocialsubsidies(13.84millionEUR)contributetocoveringthestaffingcosts,operatingBA2001.ThetotalcreditsfortheseBAsforoperationalsubsidiesamountto506.63millionEURinincreaseprogramme71.2)toimplementthis(takingintoaccountthefactthatthesefundsshoulduniversities.Anadditionalbudgetof9.49millionEURhasbeenprovided(BA12.26ofotherthings,thedecisionprovidesforastructuralincreaseintheoperationalsubsidiesofthedecree,whichwillbesubmittedtotheParliamentofFlandersassoonaspossible.Amongstfunding.ThemainlinesofthenewarrangementhavebeendeterminedinapreliminarydraftOn17July2000,theGovernmentofFlandersinprincipledecidedtorevisetheuniversities’modified.costswerenotindexlinked.Forthisreason,thecorrespondingstipulationsoftheDecreearenormfor80%andtheoperatingnormfor20%.Inthebudgetdebatefor2001,theoperationalTheenvelopeisindexedinaccordancewiththeuniversitydecree,takingintoaccountthesalarytaxunitsarehigherthenthenumberonthedateofmarking,thattheyaretakenintoaccount.tistryweredeterminedbythenumberonthe1February1996.ItisonlyiftherealeducationalFromthe1996budgetyearonwards,thenumberofeducationaltaxunitsinmedicineanddentheevolutionofthe‘educationaltaxunits’,andontheotherhand,itdependsoninflation.Thecalculationoftheoperationalsubsidiesfortheuniversitiesdepends,ontheonehand,onthestructuralfundsfortheuniversities).40.73Subsidyforsocialprovisionsforstudents(Decreeof12June1991,Art.140bis)usedfortheirsocialfacilities.60.12Capitaltransfersforrealestateinvestmentsforuniversityeducationfinancialcostsarisingfromloansforinvestmentscanalsobepaidwiththis.beenstructurallyincreasedby5.21millionEURnetonanannualbasis.64.17CapitaltransfersforrealestateinvestmentsforI.T.G.inrealestate.41.22,44.87and44.89 chapterIII.5–99
internationaltion,0.11millionisallocatedforpersonnelandoperatingcostsforBelgium’sparticipationinscientificresearchinthefieldoftheDutchlanguageandculture(0.21millionEUR).Inaddi41.46forajointpolicyrelatedtolexicographiclanguageprovisions(0.23millionEUR),andInthecontextoftheGENTactionprogramme,specificcreditsareallocatedforBAs33.47andTheseBA1999.personnelexpenditure,wereremovedbymeansofasubstantialincreaseofthesecreditsinversities,inparticularthehigheremployers’contributionofthefreeuniversitiesinthefieldofThesecreditswereincreasedto12.77millionEUR.Thedifferencesbetweenthevariousuni-JuneBA44.90Legalandconventionalemployers’contributionsforfreeuniversities(Decreeof12EUR).lionEUR),andtheMartinBuberUniversityInstituteforthestudyofJudaism(0.09millionSubsidiesarealsomadeavailabletotheFacultyofProtestantTheologyinBrussels(0.29mil-BAsthementSchool(1.40millionEUR),theInstituteofTropicalMedicine(7.67millionEUR),andThefollowingsumswereallocatedinthebudgetfor2001:theVlerickLeuvenGhentManagenewment,butmonitorsthequalityandefficiency.Duringthecourseof2001,thefirstresultsofthisintroduced.Theideabehindthisisthatgovernmentdoesnotinterferewiththedailymanageandthe“PrinsLeopold”InstituteofTropicalMedicine,thisnewinstrumentalreadyhasbeenonthetitlesofthedegreestobeawarded.FortheVlerickLeuvenGhentManagementSchoolagementagreementswiththeseinstitutions(afundamentalconditionforsubsidy),anddecideInimplementingtheDecreeof18May1999,theGovernmentofFlanderswillconcludemanUniversityhavefallenoutsidetheorganisationalframeworkofacademiceducation,asdescribedintheandprovideservicesinthatfield.Uptonow,theeducationalactivitiesofthethreeinstitutesversityeducationonthebasisofatraditiondatingbackmanyyears.TheyalsoconductresearchcharacteristicfeatureofallthreeisthattheydevelopeducationalactivitiesinpostgraduateuniLeuvenGhentManagementSchool,andthe“PrinsLeopold”InstituteofTropicalMedicine.ADecreeof12June1991.approachshouldbecomeapparent.I.O.B.(1.31millionEUR).44.80and44.881991,Art.136)12.03,33.47and41.46BAsareintendedforspendinginthecontextofinternationalcooperation.activitiesinconnectionwiththesciencepolicy. Programme 33.3Coordination of the Higher Education Policy BA 40.01Subsidies for International internationalscientificcooperation.Itisinlinewiththeuniversities’actionsinthecontextofresearch.Thereforetheprogrammecomplementstheprogrammewhichprovidessubsidiesforleadtoasnowballeffect.Theprojectsfocusparticularlyonhighereducation,ratherthanpartnerinstitutesandthesupportfortheirinnovationprocesses.Theseprojectsareexpectedtodevelopthehighereducationsysteminthepartnercountries,theeducationalexpertiseintheinstitutesofhighereducationwithforeigninstitutesforhighereducation.Theaimisto1.44millionEURisallocatedtothisBAforthecooperationprojectsofouruniversitiesandcooperation chapterIII.5–100
matter,organisationandadministration-thatthesectorwillbeabletofulfilitscrucialroleineveryaspectofhighereducation-attheleveloftechnologicaleducation,withregardtosubjecteducationalqualityandstimulatesinnovation.Itisonlybymeansofsystematicinnovationintionandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)inhighereducation.Thisguaranteesthefuturehighereducation.Priorityisgiventoprojectswhichareaimedatthesystematicuseofinformaextentbyco-fundingvaluableinnovationprojectsoftwoormoreuniversitiesorinstitutesofTheGovernmentofFlanderswishestostimulatetheinnovationconcernedtoanimportantoftheinstitutessubmitted47projectproposals,theselectioncommissionadvisedsubsidising21forthispurpose.In1997,12projectswereapproved;in1998,therewereanother10.In1999,projectswhichmaybeeligibleforgovernmentco-funding.AselectioncommissionwassetupSince1997,universitiesandinstitutesofhighereducationhavebeenabletosubmitinnovationBA0.63tionaloftheuniversities’funding.Oneoftheobjectivesofthisrevisionisactuallytoencourageeducalearningwillbeinfluencedbythecoursefollowedbythisconsortium,butalsobytherevisionbeenconvertedintoaconsortiumtoprovidetheseservices.TheFlemishpolicyondistancedevelopingasadigitaluniversity,supplyingservicestoother(Dutch)universities.TheOUhasTheOpenUniversity(OU)intheNetherlandsisnowfacingaperiodofgreatchange:itisexpenditure.developmentofopenhighereducationintheFlemishCommunity,withoutcausingadditionalthereismoresupportforthestudycentreswhichhaveadynamicmanagementsystemfortheingthefixedcomponentinthesubsidyarrangement(infavourofthevariablecomponent),nent,calculatedonthebasisofthenumberofenrolmentswithexaminationrights.Byrestrict-mechanismisbasedonafixedbudget(12,395EURperstudycentre)andavariablecompo-examinationsandthedevelopmentofelectronicstudyandteachingmaterials.ThefundingThemaintasksofthestudycentresinvolvecoachingtheFlemishstudents,theorganisationofdersthoseforDutchstudents.TheFlemishuniversitieshaveestablishedsixstudycentresinFlancanenrolforcoursesattheOpenUniversityintheNetherlands.ThesameconditionsapplyasandtheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEducationandTraining,FlemishstudentsBasedonanagreementbetweentheOpenUniversity(Netherlands),theFlemishuniversitiesBAseemedexplicitlyaskedtoworkoutprojectproposalsinpartnershipwiththeuniversities.Therefore,ittioninthepartnercountriesingeneral.From2000on,theinstitutesofhighereducationwereeducation.Infact,theprogrammeaimstoimprovethestructuraldevelopmentofhighereducaSignificantaddedvalueisexpectedfromthejointactionofuniversitiesandinstitutesofhigherthecationDecreeof18May1999providesthebasisforsubsidizinginternationalcooperationinFlandersof23July1998.Theprioritytopicsandcountriesareidentifiedeveryyear.TheEduTheprocedureandconditionsforsubsidiesarelaiddowninadecisionoftheGovernmentofzontaltheirEducationandTrainingtasks.ItisthereforelogicaltoincludethesecreditsintheHoriBudgetforSciencePolicy.fieldofhighereducation,byuniversitiesaswellasinstitutesofhighereducation.appropriatetoallocatethebudgettodivision33.3fromnowon.40.10SubsidiesforOpenHigherEducationforcoachingandexaminingtheFlemishstudents.innovation.millionEURisallocatedtothisBA.40.11SubsidiesforInnovationinHigherEducationthem.ThereforetheGovernmentofFlandershasagreedtothese21projects. chapterIII.5–101
OATheorganisationaddedvaluefortheinnovationintechnologicaleducation.ThesystematicuseofICTfortheinvestmentsaregreatestinthisfield.Theinnovationinthecontentsofstudyprocessesformsantoinnovationsintechnologicaleducation.Thisrequiresanadditionalincentive,becausethetheknowledge-basedsociety.Inviewofthelimitationsofthefunding,prioritymustbegivenofstudyprocesseswillpromoteitsinteractivecharacterandthefocusonstudy.totalcreditamountsto1.82millionEUR.39ServicesoftheSecretary-General Programme 39.2Coordination of policy and data management Furthermore,therestofthecreditisintendedforthepublicationoftheannualeducationindi0.34In2001,thetotalcreditamountsto0.75millionEUR.Approximately1/3ofthisbudget,i.e.,indicatorsBA12.01Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtostatistics,datamanagementandeducationmillion,isspentoncurrentresearchcontracts.•ResearchiscarriedoutintheframeworkoftheINESproject(InternationalIndicatorsofEducationSystems),aprojectconcerningeducationindicatorsoftheOECD.ThePISAresearchprogramme(ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment)andaSchoolsur-vey(NetworkC)arepartofthisproject.ThePISAresearchprogrammeexaminesthecom-petencesof15-yearoldstudentsinFlemisheducationinthefieldsoflanguages,mathematicsand‘cross-curriculumcompetences’.In2001,theresultswillbeanalysed,pro-ducinginternationalcomparableindicatorsforlanguagesandmathematicseducation,aswellasforthecross-curriculumfinalattainmenttargets.In2001,thecostsofNetworkCwillslightlyincrease,becauseofstartinguptheactualdatacollection,fromOctober2001uptoFebruary2002.•TIMSSRepeatresearchhasbeencarriedoutforafewyearsaspartoftheIEAproject.In2001,thecollecteddatawillbeanalysedforFlandersandinaninternationalperspective.Thisresearchhasstudiedthearithmeticandscientificcompetencesofthestudentsinthefirstgradeofsecondaryeducation.cators.AbalancemustbeachievedbetweenwhatisrelevanttopolicyattheFlemishlevelandthepointsofparticularinterestattheinternationallevel.AsthetwoOECDpublications,“EducationataGlance–Indicators”and“EducationPolicyAnalysis”,arethemostimportantsourcesofcomparisonforeducationandtraining,largenumbersofthesepublicationsareboughtanddistributedamongstthepolicymakersandscientists.BA12.06AvarietyofexpenditureforbilateralinternationalcooperationTorealizetheobjectivesoftheinternationaleducationpolicy,theGovernmentofFlandersprovidesfundstoenableindividualstotravel(mobilitybursaries).ForFlemishresearchers,residingabroadforeducationorresearchactivities,thetravelexpensesarereimbursed.Forforeignresearchers,theaccommodationexpensesarepaid.Theallocationofbursariesinthecontextofbilateralagreementstakesplaceinaccordancewiththeworkingprogrammesfortheexecutionoftheseagreements.Theydeterminethenumberofbursariestobeawardedandthegeneralandfinancialconditionswhichapply.Thegeneralandfinancialconditionsarethesameforeverycountry,andweredeterminedinadecisionoftheGovernmentofFlandersof27March1991.Thenumberofbursariestobeawardedvariesfromcountrytocountry. chapterIII.5–102
The credit for this BA amounts to 1.45 million EUR; 0.73 million is for science policy. BA 33.04Subsidy related to innovative education media The total credits for this BA amount to 25.78 million tion)Thesubmittedprojectproposalsareevaluatedbypolicymakersandscientists(expertsineducaofopportunities.Afterall,theseresultsformaknowledgebaseforthepreparationandevaluationcationalpractice.Thisisdonebymeansofpublications,studydays,andthecreationofcontactThefeedbackoftheresultsisconstantlyencouraged,bothasregardspolicyandasregardseduforpolicy,andeducationalistswithexperienceandexpertiseofthesubjectbeingmonitored.Theresearchiscloselymonitoredbyasteeringgroupofacademicexperts,personsresponsiblebeingresearchwillprovideinformationanddatawhichwillbeofsignificantscientificvalueaswellastionsforwhichthegovernmentrequiresananswer.Theintentionisthatthesubsidisedicyandeducationalpractice.Theprioritysubjectsandtheirelaborationreflectthepolicyquesintendedforthepreparation,implementation,evaluationandmonitoringoftheeducationpolTheeducational,policyandpractice-oriented,scientificresearch(OBPWO),isspecificallyBA41.43Subsidyforeducational,policyandpractice-oriented,scientificresearch(OBPWO)insaryfortheapplicationofthenewmedia.Thenecessaryscientificresearchmustbecarriedouttionforitsuse.Aninsightintothespecificcompetencesofteachersandstudentsisalsoneces-ItisimportanttogainaninsightintothelimitationsoftheICTpolicyandintotherealsitua-allyknowledgetointegratetheICTintheirteaching.Aspartoflifelonglearning,ICTwillgradu-beaccompaniedbyanactivesupportpolicyforteachers.TheyneedtohavethenecessarybasicExperienceinothercountriesshowsthatmakingtheequipmentintheschoolsavailablemustfairs,portteachers.Awarenessraisingcanbeachievedbysupplyinginformation,thepresenceat8.43millionEURwillbeusedfortheinfrastructureofdifferenteducationallevelsandtosuptowardsothertargetgroups(suchasthewholeofprimaryeducation).TheextrainjectionofWiththeallocationof17.35millionEUR,astartcanbemadeonextendingtheprojecttheteachers.Thebudgetforinfrastructure(PC/KD-17.35millionEUR)wastransferredfromstructuralfundsfortheinfrastructureinschoolsandfortheteachers,aswellastrainingtheAfteraperiodofmainlyfundingpilotprojects,thegovernmentnowwantstomakeavailableconferencing.structurealsocoversthepossibilityofconnectingtotheinternetandtherealizationofvideoforsecondaryeducationandthethreehighestyearsofprimaryeducation.Furthermore,infracreteterms,weaimtoprovideonemultimediaPCforevery10studentsin2001.ThisappliesThefirstoperationalobjectiveistherealizationofanadequateinfrastructureinschools.InconEUR.ScienceandInnovationPolicy(Programme71.1)toEducation.andpublicationscontainingpracticalexamples.beintroducedtoorganisedistanceeducation.ordertoachievethis.relevanttopolicy.policy.onthebasisoftheirpolicyrelevanceandscientificquality. chapterIII.5–103
In the call for proposals in 2000, the following priority subjects were 4.introducingequalopportunities(interruptionsinschoolcareerrelatedtolearningperfor3.improvingthequalitycontrolandmonitoring(comparativeresearchintotheparticipation2.guaranteeingthestartingqualificationsandappreciateprofession-orientedtraining(sup1.makingtheteachingprofessionmoreattractive(theprofessionalandsocialstatusofteachidentified:ers,theworkloadofteachers);portofprojectmodulation,positionofmathematicsintheASOschoolcareer,successfulschoolsintechnicalandvocationalsecondaryeducation);ofstudentsintheinternalandexternalevaluationofschools,developmentofinstrumentsformeasuringthewell-beingofteachers,researchintotheadministrativesupportofschoolsinprimaryandsecondaryeducationandeducationforsocialpromotion);manceandwell-being:transitionfromfirsttosecondgrade);5.stimulatingaschoolculturewhichfocusesonparticipationandwell-being(comparativestudyofmodelsforparticipationofteachersinschoolmanagement,modelsforparticipationofstudentsinprimaryeducation,researchintoparticipationinsecondaryeducationwithspecificattentionfor1stand2ndgrades,andtheBSOandTSO,evaluationoftheschoolregulationsinprimaryeducation,parent’sexpectationsandparticipation,evaluationofthelegalpositionofthestaff);6.improvinghighereducation(researchintothesocialrelevanceofthehighereducationcurricula).In2000,10projectswereapproved,foratotalbudgetof2.18millionEUR.Forthebudgetyear2001,2.37millionEURisallocatedfortheeducational,policyandprac-tice-oriented,scientificresearch(OBPWO). chapterIII.5–104
chapterIII.5–105
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OA4.WELFARE,PUBLICHEALTHANDCULTUREDEPARTMENT(WVC)41FamilyandSocialWelfareAdministration Programme 41.1General welfare policy BA 12.02A variety of expenditure related to the support of the advisory andInthisway,theaimistoprovidesoundscientificsupportforpolicy,andtoincreaseinnovationParticularpolicytration.SpecialattentionisdevotedtothevalorisationandimplementationoftheresultsinthebutionsoftheCentreforPopulationandFamilyStudiesandthecontributionsoftheadministhepolicyissues.Morethaninthepast,thisrequirescarefulcoordinationbetweenthecontriThescientificstudiesandresearchareorganizedbyatargetedcallforproposals,onthebasisofwelfaresector,theeffectsonthesocialservicesorganisationsandthecontentofcareprovidedbytheIn2001,ascientificconferenceisalsoplanned,onneedsandsubject-basedcareinthewelfareresearchattentionisgiventothefeedbackandvalorisationoftheresults.Areportoneachpieceofmentsofelderlyimmigrants.Thestudiesarealwaysmonitoredbyasteeringgroup,specialofcleaningservices,customerprofilesofpeoplewithdebtproblems,andtheneedsandrequire-tance,theevaluationof10yearsoftheoperationofarbitrationcommissions,thefinancialaudittomerenquiriesforinternationaladoption,electronicfiledevelopmentforspecialyouthassis-communitywork,“familygroupconferences”,assessmentsforinternationaladoption,cus-tobecarriedoutincluderesearchon:employment,therehabilitationofyoungoffenderswithdurationoftheirimplementationisrelativelyshort(from1toamaximumof2years).Studiesthewelfarepolicy.Studiesandresearcharecarriedoutinthedifferentpolicyfields,andtheTheaimistoprovidescientificsupportforthepreparation,implementationandevaluationof0.61BAEURThetotalexpenditureforthesestudies(maximumduration,6months)amountsto21,071purpose,gralyouthcareandsubject-basedpolicy.Scientificdocumentationmustbecollectedforthisprojectsarecontractedoutforpreparingtheadviceforthetopics:supportforeducation,intefortheElderly,theFamily,SocialServicesandEmancipation.Inaddition,threesmallresearchThemainaimisthescientificsupportfortheFamilyandWelfareCouncilandthecommissionscouncilssothatthemattercanbegivencriticalconsideration.or21.25%ofthetotalannualbudget.12.23Studies,researchandpreparationofscientificconferencesmillionEURofthisBA0.61isallocatedtoresearch.ispublishedinthescientificyearbook“Stimulans”.services.Meanwhile,preparationshavestarted.preparation,implementationandevaluation.attentionisdevotedto:•communityserviceandtheapproachtorehabilitationinthecontextofdealingwithyoungoffenders;•researchon“familygroupconferences”;•theneedsandrequirementsofelderlyimmigrantsinresthomesandRVTs;•theworkloadinresthomes;•researchinthecontextofspecialyouthassistance;•thedevelopmentofinspectioninstruments.creativityinthesocialwelfareorganizationsandtoincreasethecontentofsocialwelfare. chapterIII.5–107
carriedwell-beingofyoungpeople,seenfromtheirownpointofview.ThisisbasedonayouthsurveyFurthermore,itisanalysingtheinstrumentswhichcanbeusedtotacklethequestionofthewantspeopleandtheelderly,andforthefamilycompositionafterfamilybreak-ups),theCBGSalsoandexaminingfamilycomposition(extraattentionforthelivingconditionsofchildren,youngthetrendsconcerningfertility(timing,numberofchildren,“latentchildwish”,childlessness)dynamics,withparticularattentiondevotedtolongitudinalindicators.BesidesfollowingupThefirstlineofresearchdealswiththedescriptionandexplanationofpopulationandfamilyThe1.Thewillmanagement,policyandinternationalinstitutions.Duringthefirstquarterof2001,awebsitelibraryanddocumentationservice,theprovisionofscientificinformationandadvicetotheThescientificservicesoftheCBGSconsistinparticularofvariousseriesofpublications,ajectsimplications.ThisisorganizedintheCBGSforeachscientificdiscipline.However,manypro-Theresearchconcernsabroadrangeofpopulationandfamilyissues,andtheirsocialandpolicyservices,TheworkingprogrammeoftheCBGScomprisesthreeaspects:scientificresearch,scientific2000.Thecreditfor2001(onbothBAstogether,0.36millionEUR)is0.25millionlessthaninTheprogrammeisexecutedinaccordancewiththeannualpolicyplanofthisscientificinstitute.BABAdevelopmentlishedwitharesearchinstitutefortheorganisationofinteruniversitycooperationandthe0.22millionEURofthisBAisallocatedtoresearch.Inconcreteterms,cooperationisestabdiversity.applicationatthelocallevelnowhaveacentralplace,inadditiontotheinterculturalaspectsandtwotargetgroupsthemselves.Familiaritywiththeprovisionsofthewelfareserviceanditsontheconditionsregardingtheaccesstotheservices.NowthefocuswillbeaboveallontheThisprogrammerunsoveralonger-termperiod.Inthefirstyear,theresearchfocusedmainlyaccessThiswillalsoresultintherealisationofoneofthemostimportantstrategicobjectives:easierThiscancontributetogreaterfamiliaritywith,andbetteruseofthebasicwelfareprovisions.establishedoptimalisationareformulated,methodologiesaredeveloped,andtrainingprogrammesareethnicculturalminoritiesandthepoor.Inaddition,proposalsforimprovementandtion,intothecurrentsituationconcerningtheaccessofthegeneralwelfareprovisionsfortheThesecreditshaveatwofoldaim:tocarryoutresearch,onthebasisofinteruniversitycooperasionsBA12.29Avarietyofexpenditureforcooperationtopromotetheaccesstothegeneralproviinthewelfaresectorforethnicculturalminoritiesandthepoortoincreasetheexpertiseofthesectoralworkers.tothegeneralwelfareprovisionsfortheunderprivileged.ofappropriatemethods.12.21GeneraloperatingcostsoftheCentreforPopulationandFamilyStudiesand12.90MiscellaneousCentreforPopulationandFamilyStudiesandpolicy-orientedresearch.haveaninterdisciplinarydimensionandarethereforecarriedoutcooperatively.bedeveloped.Thisshouldservetopromotecommunicationwithoutsideagencies.researchprogramme2001researchprogrammecomprisesthefollowinglinesofresearch:•Monitoringthedynamicsofthepopulationandthefamily•Researchintoqualityoflife•Subject-orientedresearch•Researchintotheeffectsofpolicytostartmonitoringtheoveralldevelopmentofpeople’slivesandmigration.outin2000,incollaborationwiththeChildrens’RightsCommission. chapterIII.5–108
ForInternationalandNIS/Planbureau;PopulationandDevelopment(FederalMinisterofForeignAffairs);Family(PlanningandStatisticsAdministration);OCMW;MinoritiesPolicyAGMW;concerns,inparticular,thecabinet;AGMW;AEB;AROHM;MIRA;MIS;VRINDTheCBGSfulfilsalargenumberofadvisorytasksrelatedtopolicyandadministration.ThisAdviceTheingopentocontributionsfromoutsidetheCBGS;othersareparticularlyconcernedwithpublishandfamilyresearchamongstdifferentcategoriesofthepopulation.SomeseriesareexplicitlyTheCBGSpublishesvariousseriesofpublicationsaimedatthedisseminationofpopulationPublications3.Scientificorganisations.generalwelfarework,anevaluationoftheparticipationoftheelderlyinmunicipaladvicedevelopmentofcareindicators,thedevelopmentofasupportinginstrumentforprogrammingOthercommissionswhichwillprobablybecarriedoutattherequestofthecabinetinclude:Report”.tothegeneralpublic.Contributionsonthewebsiteshouldresultina“PopulationandFamilyIn2001,thewebsitewillbeanexcellentinstrumenttomaximisethetransferofresearchresults2.Policy-orientedtion(familyimpactmonitoring)andonchildren/youth.ThesurveyontheelderlygathersinformaoutonthedevelopmentofmethodologiesforstudiesontheeffectsatthelevelofthefamilyThethirdlineofresearchinvolvesanexaminationoftheeffectsofpolicy.Workisbeingcarriedchildtiveandquantitativeresearchintothedecisionmakingprocesseswithregardtothecomingofaworkingconditions);furtherresearchintoeducationsupportandeducationalvalues;qualitaspecialattentiondevotedtothecombinationofworkandfamily(ananalysisofdataonflexibleThesecondlineofresearchin2001focusesonthefollowingissues:thequalityoflife-withcarriedfieldworkforthefirststageandpreparingforthenextphases.In2001,thebasicworkwillbeThisresearchlineisalsoincludingtheresearchprogrammeontheElderly,i.e.carryingouttheoutforthesurveyofthemiddlegroups(plannedfor2002-2003).andtimepartition.inthisfieldwhichmakesitpossibletoevaluatethepolicyfortheelderly.researchservicestheCentre’sownresearch.followingserieswillbepublishedin2001:•PopulationandFamily(Journal,inDutch)•CBGSPublications(monographs,mainlyinDutch)•CBGSWorkingDocuments(draftsoforiginalresearch,mainlyinDutch)•NIDI/CBGSPublications(inEnglish)•EuropeanPopulationStudies(ESPO)WelfareCouncil.co-operationandrepresentation2001,themostimportantare:•NetworkforIntegratedEuropeanPopulationStudies(NIEPS)•ParentalleavearrangementsinEurope chapterIII.5–109
• UN Commission on Population and Development • European Population Commission (Council of Europe) • Family and Fertility Surveys (UN/ECE/PAU) • Family Impact Monitor (EC) • European Observatory for Population Education and Information • Council of Europe, network of experts on “population” Library and The(http://mvgcat.coi.be/catalogus).accordanceTogetherwiththeotherlibrariesintheFlemishCommunity,thelibraryiscomputerizedinlectionitySurvey,somedatabanksonCD-ROMandtheCBGS’sownpublications.EveryyearthecolpublicationsoftheUnitedNationsandtheCouncilofEurope,thereportsoftheWorldFertilopentothepublic.Moreover,thepublichasaccesstodocumentationfoldersofconferences,familyfield(approximately17,500booksandapproximately150periodicals).ThelibraryisTheCBGSlibraryisahighlyspecialisedservicecoveringpublicationsinthepopulationandDocumentationgrowswithsome500booksand300issuesofjournals.withtheDobis-Libis-systemandcanthereforebeconsultedviainternetanticipatedeffectsare:•Amorethoroughscientificbasisforlongandshort-termpolicy;•Theimplementationofinternationalexpertise;•ThescientificsupportoftheFamilyandWelfareCouncil(G.W.R.);•Contributionstoanappropriatefamilyandcarepolicy. Programme 41.7Social welfare departments.concerningtheroles,tasks,functions,andcoordinationwiththerelevantservicesofcentresandMinisterwouldalsoliketoexaminetheintegrationsector,providinganswerstothequestionsgrants.Inordertocreateamoreefficientpolicywithregardtoreachingthetargetgroups,theticsofspecialtargetgroups,arelativelylargeamountoftimeisalsospentonyoungimmitointegrationthatwillhavehighpriority.Inadditiontodevotingattentiontothecharacterisemancipationoftheethnicculturalminorities.Itisparticularlythenewpolicyfieldwithregardfunds,todevelopknowledgeandexpertisewithregardtothereception,care,integrationandVariousshort-termresearchprojects(maximumof1year)havebeencontractedoutwiththesebeginning.latedsothatthepolicywillbeaseffective,efficientandappropriateaspossiblefromthementationoftheintegrationpolicy.ThismeansthatpolicyrecommendationscanbeformuScientificresearchshouldmakeitpossibletocloselymonitorthevariousaspectsoftheimpleresearch.Acreditof0.39millionEURisallocatedtothisBA,ofwhichapproximately50%isformentationFlandersonthebasisofpolicy-orientedresearch.Ontheotherhand,thereisalsotheimpleOntheonehand,thisBAisaimedatpromotingthenaturalizationpolicyoftheGovernmentofintegrationBA12.01Avarietyofexpenditureforpromoting,organisinganddevelopingactivitiesfortheofethnicculturalminoritiesofthecomputer-basedclientmonitoringsystem,Traject2000. chapterIII.5–110
provisions.oftheinsightsthatareacquired,proposalswillbeformulatedtoimprovetheaccesstothesocialsaryknowledgeaboutparticulartargetgroupscoveredbythepolicyonminorities.Onthebasisdinationonthepolicyonminorities.ThefundsshouldbesufficientforbuildingupthenecesInaddition,thisBAshouldmakeitpossibletocarryoutspecifictasksinthecontextofthecoor Programme 41.8Integration of deprived members of the community OAEUR).policymeasures,researchresultsandthedebate,accompaniedbycomments(0.07millionayear.Thiscontainsanup-to-datedescriptionofthesituationregardingfiguresonpoverty,andsocialexclusion.Thegrouppublishesthe“YearBookonpovertyandsocialexclusion”oncetionofProfessorJanVranken(UFSIA),hasdevelopedadatabankwithinformationonpovertySince1992,the“Researchgrouponpoverty,socialexclusionandminorities”,underthedirecsupportBA33.10Subsidiesforexperimentswithasupramunicipalscoperelatedtodeprivationandtoprivatelawassociationswhichdevelopactivitiestocombatdeprivation42HealthCareAdministration Programme 42.1Public health andinsightsintohealthproblemsandresearchareencouraged.Fourofthesecentresarerecognisedthedataonthepopulationthatiscoveredandtheproblemsthatarise.Boththeacquisitionofmakers.ThemandateandtasksofthesecentresareworkedoutinfurtherdetailonthebasisofThescientificknowledgeinthefieldofanthropogeneticsismademoreaccessibletopolicyportfortheFlemishCommunity,andcooperatewiththeuniformrecordingofgeneticdata.interpretanddealingwiththeresearchresults.Inaddition,thecentresprovidescientificsuptivestopreventthesediseasesorhandicaps.Theyalsoadvise,supportandmonitorparentstoThecentresforhumanhereditystudythehereditarycharacterofdisordersandlookforalternaBAEURaimistocreateamodernadvisoryorganizationforscientificmedicalproblems.0.16millionofmedicineorpublichealth.Theyadviseonthepromotionofmedicineinabroadsense.ThereportsontheadministrativeandmedicalproblemswhichariseinconnectionwiththepracticePractice,MedicalTraining,BiomedicalScientificResearchandMedicalEthics.TheydrawupTherearefourCommissionsintheRoyalAcademyofMedicine:thecommissionsforMedicalBAallocatedFlemishHealthCareCouncilincludespatientrepresentativesfrom2001.0.05millionEURishealthcarepolicy,andbyinvolvingtheconsumerindraftingthepolicy.Forthisreason,theachievedbygivingtheconsumerasayintheofficialadviceandevaluationsformulatedintheTheaimistoimprovetheactiveparticipationoftheclient/patientinhealthcare.ThiscanbesoryBA12.02ExpenditureinconnectionwiththeFlemishHealthCouncilandtheFlemishAdvi-Council,includingcommissionsforresearchforresearch.12.32AvarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheRoyalAcademyofMedicineisallocatedtothisbasicallocation.33.35Subsidiesforrecognisedcentresforhumanhereditysubsidised. chapterIII.5–111
Athemembers.Inparticular,oneofitstasksistocollectinformationaboutfuturedevelopmentsintakesplaceattherequestoftheauthorities,includingtheGovernmentofFlanders,oroneofitsimposedbyscientificresearch,anditsapplicationinbiology,medicineandhealthcare.ThisTheAdvisoryCommitteeforBio-ethicsadvisesontheethical,legalandsocialproblemsBAnewforpreventivemechanisms.Inaddition,thepolicygivesprioritytopredictivehealthcareasaoninnovativeresearch,suchasthatrelatedtothestudyofinheriteddisorders,andthesearchAsinpreviousyears,35%(0.65millionEUR)ofthetotalbudgetof1.86millionEURisspentfieldforattention.Thenecessarysupportwillalsobeprovidedinthiscontext.41.05SubsidyfortheAdvisoryCommitteeforBio-ethicsfieldofgeneticsandtoorganiseconsultationonthesematters.creditof0.03millionEURwasprovidedforthesubsidy. Programme 42.2Medical-social policy BA 12.24Expenditure related to the control of drugs and medical controls in ofentificsupport,interalia,providedbymonitoringandcontinuousobservation,andthestudymedical-environmentalexpertisecentrewithsubregionalunits.Thethirdstagedealswithscicommunicationofrisksinthefieldofhealthandtheenvironment.Secondly,therewillbeathereisasafetynettodealwithcomplaintsandquestions.Thislevelisactivelyinvolvedinthesuspectedsourcesofenvironmentalillnesses.Therearethreedistinctstages.InthefirstplaceInthiscontext,thereisanewinitiativetoestablishastandardisedplaninstagestotacklethelionthepolicymemorandum.Forthispurpose,thecreditsforBA12.25wereincreasedto0.85milcialcitizensalsohavequestionsabouttheimpactoftheenvironmentonhealthandwelfare.Thesothequalityofswimmingandrecreationalwatersbythehealthcareadministration.Inaddition,theaspectsofthisconcernsthemonitoringandthesurveillanceofthequalityofwellwaterandOneofthegovernment’smaintasksistoensurethatweliveinahealthyenvironment.OneofBAatandininternationalscientificjournals.Theresearchersalsoparticipateinscientificdiscussions(doctoralstudents)areinvolvedinthisresearch.Theresultsarepublishedinanannualreport2000alsocontainedthevalidationofamethodologyforcannabis.Twouniversitystudentsresearchwascarriedoutontracinganabolicsteroidsinfoodsupplements.Theprogrammeforthelistofprohibitedproducts.Thisrespondstothecurrentproblems.Forexample,in2000,lites.Researchiscarriedoutintothepharmakineticsandexcretionofsubstanceswhichareonlaboratorytestswhichcanleadtotheidentificationofprohibitedsubstancesortheirmetabo-improvingthetechniquestotracetheuseofdrugsinsport.ThisconcernsthedevelopmentofOfthetotalcreditof0.98millionEUR,0.10millionEURisprovidedforresearchintosportaninternationallevel.12.25Expenditurerelatedtohealthandtheenvironmentimportanceofrespondingtothisconcernwithsoundinformationisobvious.Amedical-environmentalnetworkhasbeenestablishedinFlandersfortheimplementationofEUR,ofwhich0.28millionisallocatedtoresearch.causalmechanisms. chapterIII.5–112
OAtion’spublichealth.Theirworkcontributestoagreaterinsightintocertainaspectsofthepopulathesupportforepidemiologicalresearchbasedontheirexpertise,arevaluableforthepolicyonrelevantinformationforthecommunities.Thespecialisedlaboratoriesformicrobiology,andonthebasisofanetworkofassessmentpracticesandlaboratories,andthisprovidesextremelycarryoutanumberofactivities.TheLouisPasteurInstitutekeepsarecordofvariousdisordersTheLouisPasteurScientificInstituteforPublicHealthisgivenagrantof1.39millionEURtoBAThecreditfortheBA12.29amountsto0.47millionEUR,forBA33.29to2.34millionEUR.inregardtohealth.Finally,aframeworkwillbedevelopedforthedecreetofacilitatemonitoringtransferofdata.Creditsarealsoavailablefordrawingupvalidindicatorsforobjectiveswithtiononhealthforthepolicy.In2000,investmentsweremadeinthefundsforpromotingtheThegovernmentmanifestogivesprioritytothecreationofadatabankwithrelevantinformaBAandBA12.29Expenditureonthehealthdatabank,epidemiologyandthecollectionofindicators33.29Subsidiesforepidemiologicalresearchandthecollectionofindicatorsthehealthandwelfaresector.45.03GrantfortheLouisPasteurScientificInstituteforPublicHealthhealth.45CultureAdministration Programme 45.2Cultural development and libraries initiativesvideservicesforthegovernment,themediaandthepublic.In2001,theaimistodevelopjointment,sothattheyareaccessibleforthepurposesofstudyandresearch.Thesecentresalsopromaterialonhistoricalaswellascurrenteventsrelatedtotheirideological-philosophicalmoveTheseinstitutescollect,arrangeanddrawupaninventoryofthearchivesanddocumentationCentre.MuseumoftheSocialistLabourMovementandtheCatholicDocumentationandResearchArchive,DocumentationandResearchCentreforFlemishNationalism,theArchiveandinstitutes:theArchive,DocumentationandResearchCentrefortheLiberalMovement;theThecreditforthesciencepolicyamountsto0.95millionEUR.Thisisusedtosubsidisefour(DecreeBA33.09SubsidyforthePrivateLawDutchLanguageArchiveandDocumentationCentresof27June1985)onkeepingrecordsandcomputerization. Programme 45.3The Visual Arts and Museums BA 41.01Grant for the separate management service Royal Museum of Fine Arts, sizeableteenthandseventeenth-centurypaintingsbyRubensandhisschool.ThemuseumalsohasaworkscomprisesimportantpaintingsbytheFlemishPrimitivesandavaluablecollectionofsixTheKMSKAhasacollectionofinternationallyfamousworksofart.Thecollectionofearlyteenth-century,ascientificinstitutionadministeredbytheFlemishCommunity.Itissituatedinahistoric,nineTheKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchoneKunsten(theRoyalMuseumofFineArts)inAntwerpisAntwerppurpose-builtmuseum,commissionedbytheCityofAntwerpin1883.collectionofmodernart,includingimportantworksbyEnsorandWouters. chapterIII.5–113
hasexceptionalcollectionand,bynationalstandards,well-developedinfrastructure,meansthatitAstheculturalhuboftheFlemishmuseumworld,theKMSKAhasaspecialresponsibility.Itscoverorganisingspecialexhibitionsandproducingpublicationsonthese.ThefundsalsohavetoIthasabudgetof95.3millionBEF,whichisusedforthestudyofthepermanentcollection,ofart,research,organisingexhibitionsandinformingtheoutsideworldabouttheseactivities.Themuseum’sremitcoversseveralareasofresponsibility,viz.:collectingandpreservingworkspurchases,theconservationandrestorationofworksofart,andpublicrelations.thenecessaryqualitiestoplayanimportantroleintheinternationalforum. 1.A network for the documentation of art history CODART.Thisdocumentationcentrewillobviouslyhavelinkswithinternationalnetworks,suchascollectionsAnotherofthebureau’sactivitiesistheproductionofscientificpublicationsonFlemishartintocationofexcerptsfromspecialistliteraturewillhelpkeepscientificresearchintoFlemishartupthehistoryandbackgroundofworksofart,collectors,theartmarket,etc.Thesystematicpublimaterialdataonworksofartandbiographicaldataonartists,itwillalsocollectinformationontendocumentationonFlemishartfromtheMiddleAgestothepresentday.InadditiontoKunsthistorischeDocumentatie),thisnetworkcollectsandprovidesaccesstovisualandwriternmentOfficefortheDocumentationofArtHistory(NederlandseRijksbureauvoorwithanumberofleadingFlemishmuseumsandresearchinstitutes.BasedontheDutchGovIn2001,theKMSKAisestablishinganetworkforthedocumentationofarthistory,withlinksdate,andcontributetoanactivecollectionpolicyinFlanders.athomeandabroad. 2.Research projects islaunchingaresearchprojectintothedynamicrelationshipbetweenpresentationandcoordinatingtheinstitution’simageanddefiningitsidentity’,thePublicRelationsdepartmentAspartoftheexpansionofandsupportforitspresentationserviceandthetaskof‘Planningand2.3.beFinally,incooperationwiththePackagingCentreoftheUniversityofLimburg,researchwillYounger.carriedoutintothematerialsandtechniquesusedinthepaintingsofPieterBruegheltheversityresearchproject(FWOFlanders–Ufsia),iscontinuingin2001.ResearchisalsobeingTheinfraredresearchintoPeterPaulRubens’paintings,whichstartedlastyearaspartofauni2.2.ScientificablesothatawellannotatedcatalogueofthepaintingsintheKMSKAcollectioncanbemadeavailvantarchiverecords,informationontheiroriginetc.,andtocorrectandupdateallthesedetailsanalysis(i.e.,attributions),biographicaldataabouttheartist,thespecificbibliography,releofthe3,200paintingswiththeiriconographicalidentification,observationsbasedonstylisticingsinitscollection,foraneweditionofitscatalogue.ItplanstosupplementthebasicrecordsIntheshortterm,themuseum’saimistocompletelyupdatethebasicdescriptionofthepaint2.1.CataloguePublicThethreedepartmentsCollectionResearch,CollectionPreservationandManagement,andRelationsarecarryingoutseveralresearchprojectsin2001.ofpaintingsinthemuseum’scollectiononlineinthecourseof2002.researchcarriedoutintopackingmaterialstoimprovethepackingandtransportationofpaintings.SearchforatheoreticalmodelfortheKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchoneKunstenAntwerpen chapterIII.5–114
theinterpretation.Itwilltaketheformofacasestudyandatheoreticalanalysisoftheparadigmofmuseum,andwillthereforecontributetothetheoryofmuseumpractice. 3.Publications The3.1.AnnualJaarboek(Annual)vanhetKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchoneKunsten tributionswerecollectedonthegenderissue.ThustheusedfortheVanDyckexhibition.Inconnectionwiththe‘Asyouwill’exhibition(1999),conmakesitpossibletoattractcontributionsfromselectedspecialists.Theformulawassuccessfullytakenafreshlookatthedesignandcontentofthepublication.Thenewtheme-basedlay-outandmostimportantpublicationonarthistoryinFlandersandBelgium.Theeditorialofficehasisthelongestrunning Annual Intheyear2000theKMSKAbeganpublishingso-called3.2.Dossierscontributeswhich,ontheonehand,encouragesinnovativeresearchintoarthistory,andontheotherhand,willbecomeaninstrumenttotheKMSKA’sinternationalprofile. dossiers Schonekunst.WillemJacobHerreyns.PortretvanGodfriedHermansFourhighlightinganaspectofthemuseum’sowncollectionorwiththerestorationofaworkofart.totieinwithsmallexhibitionsdossiershavebeenpublishedsofar: Herreyns.PortraitofGodfriedHermans),restorationdossier,volume1,No.1.(Fineart,WillemJacob Schonekunst.ClaraPeeters.Stillevenmetvissen (Fineart,ClaraPeeters.Stilllifewithfish),restoNicaiseDeKeyservolume1,No.1Rubensdoorgelicht(AnexaminationofRubens,focusingonRubenstheDesigner)dossierexhibition,rationdossier,volume1,No.2. , dossier exhibition, volume 1, No. Tworestorationdossiersareplannedfor2001;theseareontotherestorationofJanvanEyck’s2. Madonnabijdefontein (MadonnabytheFountain,inv.No.411)and Rustopdevluchtnaar Egypte (Rest on the Flight into Egypt, inv. No. 47) by Gerard David. 3.3.Museum newspaper The MuseumKrant distributedbyavarietyofchannelstoculturalinstitutionsinFlandersandBrussels.ThenewsThispublication,whichhasaprintrunof15,000copies,ispublishedbytheKMSKAandmuseum’smanyactivities.Asarule,thetextsaresubmittedbymembersofstaffofthemuseum.ispublishedfourtimesayearandkeepsthepublicuptodatewiththepaperissenttotheFriendsoftheMuseum,toguestsoftheKMSKAandisalsoavailableatthemuseum. 4.Exhibitions 4.1.The new exhibition approachtosubjectmatterandqualitycontrol,andtoimprovecoordinationwithinternalandtionofexhibitionsmoreeffectivelyintermsoftimeandspace,toachieveamorecoherentAservicehasbeensetupwithintheCollectionResearchdepartmenttomanagetheorganizaineralpublicandthegovernment,exhibitionsareamongamuseum’smostimportant“products”designedforspecifictargetgroupsorforthegeneralpublic.FromthepointofviewofthegenapproachestoarthistoryandmuseumsarepresentedtothepublicintheformofexhibitionsExhibitionsconstituteanimportantmeansofcommunicationforamuseum.Innovativeofficetermsofitsimage. chapterIII.5–115
4.2.Exhibitionsinexternalpartners.Thisservicewillconcernitselfexclusivelywiththecuratorshipofexhibitions,thebroadestsenseoftheword.2001 “PrideandJoy.PortraitsofchildrenintheLowCountries1500-1700” January 21st – April 22nd2001 In association with the Frans Hals Museum, tionsaboutchildreninvisualartintheNetherlandsandFlanders,thespecificthemeofteenth-centuryproductionofchildren’sportraits.AlthoughtherehavebeenoneortwoexhibiEurope.ThisexhibitionsetsouttoprovidethebestpossiblerangeofthesixteenthandsevenPortraitsofchildrenweremorepopularanddiverseintheLowCountriesthananywhereelseinHaarlem Children attheirfinest Vos,masterslikeJanGossaert,MaartenvanHeemskerck,Rubens,PaulusMoreelse,Cornelisdeexhibitioncomprisesmorethaneightymagnificentportraitsofboysandgirlsbycelebrateddevotedtotheaspectofchildren’sclothing,asubjectwhichhasbeenneglecteduptonow.Thevaluesandnorms,customsandpracticesregardingchildreninsociety.Particularattentionistherehasneverbeensuchadetailedcatalogueonthissubject.Thepaintingstellusaboutthehasneverbeentackledbeforeonsuchalargescalewithsuchfinepaintings,andRembrandt,TerBorchandmanyothers. ‘Venus,forgottenmyth’ May 20th – August Courbet,Goltzius,AnnibaleCarracci,GuidoReni,NicolasPoussin,Rubens,FrancoisBoucher,drawingsand30printsbyartistssuchasBotticelli,RossoFiorentino,Tintoretto,HendrickTheexhibitioncomprisesarepresentativeselectionofsome60paintings,15sculptures,15CabanelManetandCézanne,orwasturnedintoaprofaneandmodern“pin-up”intheworksbywhennewformsofexpressionbegintoemerge,andVenuslostherinnocenceintheworksbyeighteenthcentury.Theiconographicevolutioncametoanendinthenineteenthcentury,NorthernRenaissance,throughMannerismandBaroqueArttotheFrenchpaintingsofthebitionalsoprovidesachronologicalsurveyoftheinterpretationofVenusfromtheItalianandVenus,hertriumphandinteractionwithCupid,Adonis,Bacchus,MarsandVulcan.Theexhi-whicharegroupedthematically:thebirthofVenusfromthefoamofthesea,theadornmentofart.Thefigureispresentedinalargenumberofpaintings,sculptures,drawingsandprints,ThisexhibitionisthefirstattempttoprovideasummaryoftheVenusthemeinmythologyandInassociationwiththeWallraf-Richartz-Museum,CologneandtheAltePinakothek,Munich15th2001andlike-mindedartists.Cézanneandothers. 5.Conservation and restoration threepanelsInthelightoftheirimminentrestoration,apreliminaryexaminationisbeingcarriedoutoftheeffortonthepartofthestaff,theacquisitionofequipmentandthehelpofexternalexperts.Everyhasbeenturnedintoaworkshopthatisasprofessionalaspossible,withthenecessarycreativityTheKMSKA’srelativelynewrestorationworkshopispresentlyinatemporaryarea.Thisareaisbeingmadetoreducethebacklogofconservationandrestorationwork. Christsurroundedbyangelssingingandmakingmusic hasalreadybeenproducedbyanexaminationoftheX-raysandtheinfrareddocumentationof778-80).ValuableinformationaboutthepaintingtechniqueandtheconditionofthepanelsbyHansMemling(inv.nos. chapterIII.5–116
fromonthreeelements:theimportancefromthepointofviewofthemuseum,theurgencyresultingpen.Itwillthenbepossibletodrawupaconservationplanforthispartofthecollection,basedincooperationwiththeConservationandRestorationDepartmentoftheHogeschoolAntwer-Aconcisereportoftheconditionofthecompletecollectionofworkonpaperisbeingdrawnupbeingpanels,whetherornottheyareatriskorinneedofattentioninthenearfuture.Theprojectispartoftheso-called“Panelsproject”.ThiswillprovideabetterinsightintotheconditionoftheTheconditionofdifferentpanelsinthecorecollectionisbeingexaminedanddocumentedaswithagain.Aspartoftherestorationprogramme,researchisalsobeingcarriedout,incooperationpaint,arebeingremovedaspartofthetreatmenttorevealthepainting’sbrightcoloursoncediscolouredlayersofvarnishandtheextensiveoverpaintingthatcoveredtheoriginallayerofRestorationWorkshop(StichtingRestauratieAtelierLimburg)inMaastricht.Thethick,badly(inv.No.357)iscurrentlybeingrestoredandfullydocumentedattheLimburgFoundationArieWallert,intotheuseofmaterialsandpaintingtechniques.carriedoutincooperationwiththespecialistinwoodenpanels,JeanAlbertGlatigny.thestateofthematerialsandthedurationofthetreatment.
JacopoPesaro,BishopofPaphos,presentedtoStPeterbyPopeAlexanderVIBorgia
Titian’spainting,willandbytheexternalrestorerRégineWittermann.Theexternalspecialist,JeanAlbertGlatigny,ThiswillbecarriedoutbytheKMSKA’sownrestorers,LizetKlaassenandInnekeLabarque,pletedinthefirsthalfof2001,afterwhichrestorationworkonthesecrucialworkscanbegin.lengthofthetreatmentrequired.Itisexpectedthatthepreliminaryexaminationwillbecomcleaningtestswillbecarriedout.Thesewillprovidegreaterinsightintothecomplexityandthepaintings.Oncethepresentconditionofthepanelshasbeenmeticulouslyrecorded,thefirstundertakethestructuralworkonthewoodensupports.
6.Library, archives and documentation ThefollowingCD-ROMsareavailableforconsultationinthelibrary:centurylibraryalsohasanimportantcollectionofauctioncataloguesdatingfromthemid-eighteenthworks,exhibitioncatalogues,cataloguesofmuseumcollections(someonCD-ROM),etc.Theand800magazines,300ofwhicharecurrentsubscriptions.Itincludesmonographs,referenceTheKMSKAmuseumlibraryisaspecialscientificlibrary.Itcomprises50,000hardbackbooks6.1.Librarytothepresentday. MayerInternationalAuctionRecords,Répertoired’Artetd’ArchéologieliographyoftheHistoryofArt,GettyProvenanceIndex,InternationalRepertoryofArtLiterature,Künstlerlexikon,ArtIndex,ArtSalesIndex,ARTBibliographiesModern,BelgischeBibliografie,BibAllgemeines .Thefollowingareavail ableonmicrofiche: ArtSalesCatalogues1600-1825, MarburgerIndex Flanders.Itisintendedforusebyacademics,universitygraduates,studentsandvisitorswithaKMSKAitself,themuseumlibraryisnowoneofthemostimportantscientificartlibrariesinThoughitstartedoutasaninternallibrarymainlyservingtheneedsofthescientificstaffofthetion,research,italsocollectsinformationpublishedabouttheKMSKA’sowncollection.Inaddifocusingontheperiod1200to1950(artistsbornbefore1950).ForthepurposesofscientificIntermsofsubjectmatter,thelibraryconcentratesonthehistoryofWesternartandculture,inter-library(theZEBRA,ANTILOPE,CCBandBRONCOdatabanks)andtorequestliteratureviatheconnection.ThelibraryhasanonlinesubscriptionwhichmakesitpossibletoconsultIMPALA.ThereisalsoanInternetlendingservice.itcontainsawiderangeofmuseum-relatedscientificliterature. chapterIII.5–117
materialonarthistoryandmakethemaccessible,inconjunctionwiththesystematicproducAdocumentationcentreisbeingsetuptohelpmanagetheinstitution’srecordsandarchive6.2.DocumentationTheinstitution’sgreaterthanaverageinterestinaparticularsubject.Inthiswaythelibraryhelpstoreinforcetheacademicimage.followingactivitiesareplannedfor2001:•inclusionofthemuseum’sowncollectionofmagazinesinANTILOPE;•additionstothereadingroomfacilities(includingbookscanner/colourcopier);•digitalizationoftheKMSKAAnnualsandtransfertoafulltextdatabankwithillustrations;•transferofsomeoftheKMSKA’sarchiverecordsontomicrofiche;•transferofthecomputerizedlibrarycataloguetoanewsoftwaresystem.onthecollectiontionofanup-to-dateandcomprehensivecatalogueofthecompletecollection(cf. supra withinmationaccessibleandtosupplementitwiththemostrecentresearchdata.Thiswillbeachievedpurposeistogatherexistingdocumentationoneveryiteminthecollection,tomakethisinfor).Itsastricttimeschedule. Programme 45.4Music, Literature and the Dramatic Arts theshortterm,greateffortswillbemadetoimprovetheaccesstothesourceswithpublicationsandtiallythisismainlyintheArchiveandMuseumforFlemishCulturalLifeinAntwerp.IntheInprinciple,activitiesarecarriedoutinthelocationwherethesourcematerialislocated.Inierature(Antwerp),TheMusicCentreoftheFlemishCommunity(Brussels),theFlemishFundforLitBelgiumforSciencesandArts(KVAB-Brussels),theInteruniversityworkinggroupGeneseandMuseumforFlemishCulturalLife(AMVC-Antwerp),theRoyalFlemishAcademyofThefollowingorganisationsarerepresentedintheCentre:theKANTL(Ghent),theArchivesionAcademyforDutchLanguageandLiterature(KANTL).Thiscentreismanagedbyacommis-TheCentreforTextEditionandtheStudyofSourceswasestablishedinmid-2000intheRoyalcessFollowingtheinitialstepstakenin1999torecordtheliteraryheritageforthearchives,thispro-TheculturalBA33.04SubsidiesforscientificresearchandinitiativeswithregardtoconservingtheFlemishheritageglobalcreditfor2001amountsto0.32millionEUR.wasextendedin2000totheculturalheritage.whichdecidesonthewayinwhichthefundsareallocatedandtheprojectsselected.(Antwerp)andthepublishingworld.internet.ThisinitiativewillcontributetothegrowthoftheFlemishArchives. Programme 45.5General policy on culture BA 12.24Surveys, studies and GreatEuropeanTheatreinBrussels”,“Developmentofstandardsforthelocalculturalpolicyofclubs”,“Researchintotheeffectsofthesocial-culturalpolicyforimmigrants”,“Start-dossiereightresearchprojects:“TheliteraryandmusicarchivesinFlanders”,“InfrastructureofmusicDuringthecourseof2000,abudgetof0.49millionEURwasusedtostartupthefollowingandThecreditfor2001amountsto0.25millionEUR,allofwhichisusedforanumberofstudiesauditssurveysbyexternalexperts,aimedatimprovingthequalityofthepolicyonculture. chapterIII.5–118
OAhistoricaltemintheperformingartssector”,“Quantitativeandqualitativeresearchintothecurrentlocalandarangeofinstrumentsforalocalculturalpolicy”,“Proposalforanewjobclassificationsysresearchintothepossibilitiesofapolicyonpartiesandcelebrations”,“Developmentofmodelsdisseminationofculture,thepromotionofparticipationandcommunitybuilding”,“Jointlibraries,culturalcentresandtheoverallmunicipalculturalpolicy,focusedonlibrarywork,thefolkloriclandscapeinFlanders”.49ServicesoftheSecretary-General Programme 49.2Tourism BA 33.01Subsidy for the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (Decree of 30 May Oftourismmarketingpolicy.Ofcourse,fundsarealsoprovidedtodevelophighqualityprovisionsfortion,studieswerecarriedoutorcontractedouttomeasuretheefficiencyofTourismFlanders’Intheyear2001,marketingdatawillbecollectedonthemarketforbusinesstourism.Inaddidation,ationofpolicy.Importantresearchin2000wascarriedoutintotheaccessibilityofaccommo-leisureindustryandtourism,andthedataoninfrastructure,thesupportofpolicyandtheevalu-Thebudgetforresearchin2000wasusedtocollectmarketingdatatopromoteactivitiesfortheBAmatelyThecreditforthesciencepolicyconcernedamountsto1.20millionEUR,ofwhichapproxi-cialistinstitutesatmanylevels.Theemphasisis,aboveall,onresearchinsitu(particularlyinthespeporatedinalltheworkoftheKMDA.ThisinvolvescooperationwithuniversitiesandspecialistScientificresearchisoneofitskeytasks.Thereforethecomponentofscientificresearchisincorparticular,statementforthenextcentury:“Tomakeacontributiontotheconservationofnature,andinTheRoyalZoologicalSociety(KMDA)hasadoptedthefollowingobjectiveasitsmission1985)theconservationofthediversityoflifeonEarth.”fields,ethologyandveterinarymedicine).0.36millionisintendedforresearch.41.01GrantforTourismFlandersandhowthegovernmentcanpromotethis.(particularlytheinfrastructure)inasustainableway.thetotalgrant,approximately0.46millionEURisallocatedtosciencepolicy. chapterIII.5–119
chapterIII.5–120
chapterIII.5–121
OA5.ECONOMICS,EMPLOYMENT,HOMEAFFAIRSANDAGRICULTUREDEPARTMENT(EWBL)51EconomicsAdministration Programme 51.5Natural resources and energy Creditmentedsourcesandcombinedheatandpower),therationaluseofenergyandtheactionstobeimpletiesandimpactofenvironmentally-friendlyenergyproduction(suchasrenewableenergyableenergypricesforallsocialgroups,andontheotherhand,theyarefocusedonthepossibiliOntheonehand,theseprovideabasisfortheaimtointroduceappropriateandsociallyacceptpolicy,studiesarecontractedouttoprovidesupportforthepolicyandmakeitmoreeffective.COInthecontextoftheliberalisationoftheenergymarketsandtheKyotoobjectives(reductionofBACreditprojectstheexistenceofeconomicallyinterestingmetallicmineralisations.Therearealsosupportingplans.Inaddition,strategicandgeologicalstructuralresearchiscarriedout–forexample,onreportsandinthecontextofthedecreeongravel,andonbehalfofthefutureexploitationzonalResearchisalsonecessaryinthecontextoftheobligationtodrawupenvironmentaleffectexploratorydrillingexercises,samplesandanalysestodeterminethepotentialofminingareas.referencecanbemadetothegeologicalmappingofFlanders(digitalisation)andtherandommationontheFlemishsubsoilintheDatabankontheSubsoilofFlanders(DOV).Inaddition,externalscientificandtechnologicalservices.Oneoftheprioritiesisthecentralisationofinfor-Inthecontextofthepolicyonmineralsandgeologicalresearch,thereisaneedforrecurrentpresenceBA12.03Expenditureforresearchintotheundergroundgeologicalstructure,thepossibleCreditstechnology.soilofFlandersasauser-friendlyinstrumentalsorequiressomeworkinthefieldofinformationmentsanddatacollectionofgeneralimportance.ThedevelopmentoftheDatabankoftheSubandsecondaryrawmaterialsandthespaceusedforthis.Inaddition,itisusedformeasurereferencecanbemadetothestatisticsdrawnupontheconsumptionandproductionofprimaryThiscreditisusedmainlyforshort-termappliedresearchonminingactivities.Inthisrespect,logicalBA12.02Avarietyofexpenditurefortheresearchintoquestionsrelatedtosubterraneangeostructureandwithregardtoautomaticdataprocessingforthesciencepolicy:0.18millionEURofminerals,andwithregardtotheDatabankontheSubsoilofFlanderstopromotetheuseofalternativerawmaterials.forsciencepolicy:0.93millionEUR.12.25Agreementsrelatedtotheenergypolicy2-emissions),theenergypolicyneedspermanentmonitoring.Tosupportandstimulatethisinthedifferentsectors.forsciencepolicy:0.72millionEUR. chapterIII.5–123
OA 52 Employment administration Programme 52.4Employment BA 12.21Studies and impact.betweenscienceandpolicy,the“products”areenthusiasticallyreceivedandhaveagreatinvolvementofadministrations,cabinets,socialpartnersandexperts.AbridgeisbeingbuiltThesignificantaddedvalueoftheVIONAmodelisthatithasabroadbasisresultingfromtheInfollowing2001-2005.ThenewVIONAresearchprogrammeforthecomingyears,willbebasedontheIntheautumnof2000,theMonitoringgroupstartedthediscussionsonaresearchagendaGeneralnumberofadhocsurveysinthemediumterm).In2001thereisonlythefundingfromtheprojects(asecondaryfundingof0.5milliontostartalongitudinalsurvey,thusreducingthethanbefore(0.99millioncomparedto0.5millionEUR)fortheVIONAappealforresearchIn2000,thePBO(GeneralSciencePolicy)providedco-fundingforanevenhigherbudgetFund.(PBO,0.50millionEURperyear),andfrom1998itwasalsofundedbytheEuropeanSocialtheemploymentmarketwasco-fundedbytheProgrammeforPolicy-OrientedResearchattemptswerealwaysmadetofindco-fundinginthepast.From1997,theVIONAresearchonAsthefundsforthe“employment”budgetarenotsufficienttofundtheentireoperation,LabourvisionGroup(IUB)andwiththecoordinationoftheFlemishSupportforEmployment,ThescientificsupportandexecutionoftheresearchiscarriedoutbytheInteruniversitySuper-employmentmarketresearch,andanalysestheresultstoformulatepolicyrecommendations.toringGroupforStrategicEmploymentMarketResearchdeterminesthegeneralapproachtoVIONA,whichissupportedbythreegroups,willcontinuetodevelopitsactivities.TheMoniandthesocialpartnerstrytoensurethattheemphasesrespondtocurrentsocialdevelopments.researchandtheemploymentmarketpolicy.Intheseattempts,theGovernmentofFlandersEmploymentMarket”),hasendeavouredtoachieveaharmoniousbalancebetweenscientificFormanyyears,VIONA(“FlemishInteruniversityResearchNetworkforReportsontheandthesupport,monitoringand/orevaluationofpolicy.ThistakesplacemainlyfortheprojectsThisbasicallocationisintendedforalltheaspectsofemploymentmarketresearch,focusedonresearchreportsontrendsselectedinthecontextoftheVIONAresearchprogramme.andTraining(WAV).SciencePolicyfortheFlemishSupportWAV.themes:•Lifelonglearninganddevelopmentinaknowledge-basedsociety•Implementingtheemploymentpolicy•DevelopmentsinemploymentorganizationandHRM-policy•Theoperationoftheemploymentmarketanditsinstitutions•Employmentandsocialinterconnections,withparticularattentiondevotedtothelinkbetweenemploymentandunemployment(combinationofemploymentandfamily,labourandleisure)addition,thefollowingtopicswereselectedashorizontalpointsofparticularinterest:•Evaluationoftheemploymentmarketpolicy•Disfavouranddiscriminationontheemploymentmarket chapterIII.5–124
OAstarted,otherprojectswillbefinalizedinthecomingmonths.Manyvalorisationinitiativeshavealreadyimmigrantsintheemploymentmarket,groupoutplacements,etc.Theendreportsfortwelvetrap,theinfluenceofselectionproceduresonappointments,theeducationpolicyinFlanders,solutionstotheproblemoftoomanyjobvacancies,differentaspectsoftheunemploymentrialforvariouspolicyproposalsandpolicymeasures.Thereisnoshortageofinterestingtopics:Thus,in2000,elevenresearchreportsandfourtrendreportswereproduced,providingmateandinthefuture,furtherworkwillbedoneinthiscontext.53HomeAffairsAdministration Programme 53.1Local and regional authorities BA 12.20Study costs related to regional and local public 0.32Affairs.13oftheDecreeof30March1999ontheestablishmentoftheSupremeCouncilforHomeThesestudycostsareallocatedtotheHomeAffairsAdministration,inaccordancewithArticleadministrativelevels,andastudyoftherelationshipbetweenthemunicipalityandtheOCMW.Themostimportantresearchprojectsin2001includethoseonthebasicrolesofthedifferentopmentslow-upofscientificresearchandfinallytheinterpretationofthesocialandadministrativedevelmustcontributetodevelopingavisionontheadministrativeorganizationinFlanders,thefolresultfromthefunctioningoftheSupremeCouncilforHomeAffairs.TheSupremeCouncilResearchprojectswillbecomeevenmoreimportantinfuture.Toasignificantextent,thiswillAsoundpolicypreparationrequiresathoroughscientificexternalsupportfromoutside.authoritiesfromtheperspectiveofthelocalandprovincialadministrations.millionEURisavailableforthisBAforresearch. Programme 53.2Urban policy and Social Impulse Fund (SIF) BA 12.03Study costs and research tasks in the context of Foradministrativesuccessofourcities:theeconomy,socialpolicy,thepublicdomainandculture,theurbanarea,Theresearchprojectsareelaboratedaroundanumberoftopicswhicharecriticalfactorsfortheforce).Paper”fortheFlemishPolicyonCities,drawnupinconsultationwithathinktank(TaskTheemphasisofstudiesandresearchprojectsin2001willbeonthepreparationofthe“WhiteSIFThisputsforwardavisionofurbandevelopment.development,etc.2001,abudgetof0.62millionEURhasbeenallocatedforallthestudiestogether. chapterIII.5–125
OA 54 Agriculture and Horticulture Administration Programme 54.1Agriculture, horticulture and rural policy isagriculturalproductsinFlanders.Approximately11%ofthetotalsubsidy(4.08millionEUR)populationof3,000families.ThisprovidesacontinuousmeasurementofthedomesticsaleofRegion.Theinformationabouttheseconsumerpatternsandtheirevolutioniscollectedfromaculturalandfisheriessector.ThisappliesforthedifferentpopulationgroupsintheFlemishThisrequiresresearchintotheconsumerpatternsofproductsoftheFlemishagricultural,horti-AnadequateknowledgeofconsumerpatternsandcurrenttrendsareimportantfortheVLAM.BAonagriculture,thereductioninenergyconsumption,nutrientsandherbicidesshouldalsobebasedcificissuesofchoiceofspecies,weedsandweedcontrol,anddiseaseprevention.Intraditionalaspectsofmanagement.Ontheotherhand,biologicalgrowersareconfrontedwithveryspeThereisaneedforresearchintosustainableindustrialsystems,devotingattentiontovariousresearchBA31.05Subsidiesinthecontextofsupportingpolicy-orientedandpractice-orientedanswer.dealtwithbytheadministration.Thereforescientificinstitutescanbecontactedtoformulateancountryplanningpolicy,thehygieneandpublichealthpolicy,issuesmayarisewhichcannotbeInordertorelatetheagriculturalpolicytotheenvironmentandnaturepolicy,thetownandresearchBA12.05Expenditureinthecontextofsupportingpolicy-orientedandpractice-orientedwithregardtoagricultureThecreditamountsto0.74millionEUR.withregardtoagriculturesoundscientificprinciples.Acreditof0.74millionEURisavailableforresearch.33.02SubsidyfortheFlemishCentreforagroandfisheriesmarketingavailableforthesciencepolicy. chapterIII.5–126
chapterIII.5–127
6.ENVIRONMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEPARTMENT (LIN) OA61 source-orientedcombatingofenvironmentalpollution,thestand-stillprinciple,andtheprincisense,itisconcernedparticularlywithpreventivecare,preventiveaction,apreferencefortheThisplacestheenvironmentalpolicyfirmlyinthecontextofsustainabledevelopment.InthisthreeThedecreecontainingthegeneralprovisionsrelatingtoenvironmentalpolicylaysdowntheAdministrationEnvironment,Nature,LandandWaterManagement(AMINAL)objectivesoftheFlemishenvironmentalpolicy:•themanagementoftheenvironment;•itsprotection;•theconservationofnatureandthepromotionofbiologicalandlandscapediversity.plethat“thepolluterpays”.Inaddition,othercharacteristicscanbedistinguished,suchastheaimforinteriorisation–thosewhocontributetocreatingenvironmentalproblemsmusttakeresponsibilityforitthemselves,andintroducemeasurestoreducetheenvironmentalpollution–ensuringthatfuturegenerationsarenotlefttocopewiththeproblems,ensuringthattheenvironmentisnotover-burdened,concludingrecyclingprojects,energyexpansionandpromotingquality.WithinthepolicyarearelatedtotheEnvironment,researchisfundedbothfromthegeneralbudgetandbytheMINAFund.Inordertocoordinatethemanydifferentsubjectareas,creditsandclients,aphysicalprogramme,AppliedScientificResearchintotheEnvironment(TWOL),isdrawnupeveryyear.ThisaimstoachievethecoordinationoftheresearchprojectscarriedoutinthedepartmentsofAMINAL,theInstituteofNatureConservation,theInstituteforForestryandGameManagementandtheFlemishPublicInstitutions,VLM,VMM,OVAMandVMW.Areasofstudywhichareconsideredincludevariousformsofpollution(air,water,soil);noisepollution;groundwatermanagement;environmentalplanning;environmentallaw;environmentalhygiene;externalsafety;environmentaleffectreports;studiescarriedoutbylaboratoriesinvolvingmorethanjustmeasurements;forests;hunting,fishing;thegreenarea;forestryresearch;forestrysurveys;conservationofnature;reallocationofland;landuse;hydraulics;watermanagementinagriculturalland;theprovisionofdrinkingwater,andwastematerials.TWOL2001continuesinthesamedirection.Inadditiontotheresearchinsupportofpolicywhichhasbeenimplementedforsometime,agreatdealofattentionisfocusedinparticularondevelopingnewconceptsandsupportingtheplannedpolicy,asproposedintheFlemishEnvironmentPlan(1997-2001)–theMINAPlan2.Forthecurrentpolicy,attentionisdividedoverthevariousbudgetitemsdescribedindetailbelow.Someimportantissuesincludewaste,natureandwater.Toimplementthe1997-2001EnvironmentPolicyPlan,alargenumberofadditionalresearchprojectswerestarted.ThesereflecttheaimsandthestrategydescribedintheMINAPlan2.ThecreditsforthiswerecollectedtogetherunderoneitemoftheMINAFund(previouslyunder2.19,since2000,under2.28).Intermsofcontent,itfollowstheapproachoftheMINAPlan.Thismeansthattheresearchprojectsaredrawnuponparticularthemes(suchasacidification,dehydration,lossofbiodiversity),orthattheydealwithintegratedaspects(targetgrouppolicy,policyfocusedonparticularareas).Ingeneral,thestructureoftheTWOL2001ProgrammecompletestheprovisionsoftheMINAPlan2.Thisstatesthatintheplanningperiod,attentionwillbefocusedonthe chapterIII.5–129
severalbeingimproved.ParticularattentionwillbefocusedondrawingupresearchprogrammesforTheexistingcoordinationstructuresforscientificandtechnologicalresearchprogrammesarecoordinationandeffectivetargetingoftheresearch,andonthedisseminationoftheresults.years,andprovidinginformationonandtheapplicationofresearchresults. I.Science policy in the budget of the MINA Fund Art. 2.2Operating grant for the VMM (Public Environmental Agency of Theorganisationisdevelopedinsuchawaythatitprovidesthemaximumsupportforachievtraining,ThetrainingpolicyisseenasanessentialinstrumentofHumanResourcesManagement.InthemissionThepermanenttrainingofemployeesisanimportantwayofachievingtheobjectivesandthe3.Training,licensesinvestmentprogrammesforthewatertreatmentinfrastructureandadviceonenvironmentalwastewatersandsurfacewatersandintheambientair.Furthermore,therearetheannualingupofWaterQualityPlans,theannualinventoryoftheemissionsofpollutingsubstancesinandexploitationofemissionandimmissionmeasurementnetworksforairandwater,thedraw-2.ThesestudiesfallundertheauspicesoftheVMM,imposedbydecree,viz.,thedevelopmentusedurementnetworksformstheobjectivebasisforalltheplansofactionandreportswhichareronment(immissionmeasurementnetworkforair).Theinformationfromthevariousmeasofwastewater(emissionmeasurementnetworkforwater)andthequalityoftheairintheenviwatersandtheriverbed(immissionmeasurementnetworkforwaterandriverbed),discharges1.TheVMMbuildsandexploitsmeasurementnetworksformonitoringthequalityofsurfaceSummaryapproximatelyOfthetotalgrantof51.8millionEUR,8.81millionisallocatedtothesciencepolicy,ofwhichFlanders)1millionisforresearch.ofthemostimportantpolicylines:forthepreparation,supportandevaluationofpolicy.fortheapplicationoftheVLAREM.OrganisationandHumanResources:oftheVMM.theemphasisison:•managementandcommunicationtraining•technicaltraining•informationtechnologytraining(computerstaffandendusers)•specificjobtraining.ingtheobjectives.Art.2.4CurrentexpenditureandsubsidiesfortheapplicationoftheWasteMaterialsPlan,includingthetransferstotheOVAMforthispurpose1.37millionofthetotalcreditof5.79millionEURisallocatedtoresearch. Strategicresearch:policyplanning etc.requiresfurtherchoicesinthefieldoforganic-biologicalwaste,animalwaste,thewasteExtendingtherangeofenvironmentalobjectiveswithregardtohygiene,health,riskreduction,andaspectsofprevention(researchtosupportandbackupthepreventionsupportcentreSTIP)tionstageformanycategoriesofwaste,weareonlyatthestartofthepolicycycleforspecificAlthoughwastepolicyhasstronglydevelopedinthelastdecadeandisnowintheimplementaforeco-designandenvironmentally-friendlyproductdevelopment. chapterIII.5–130
Operationalresearch:instrumental
material.frommowingroadsideverges,livestockfeedfromorganicwaste,andnappiesandincontinence
perationatsupportingtheactionprogrammes,particularlytheidentificationofthepreventionandrecumentofFlanders(governmentmanifesto),anumberofresearchprojectsarestartingup,aimedInthecontextofthedevelopmentoftheMinaPlan3andthestrategicvisionoftheGovernpotentialforpriorityindustrialwasteanddomesticwastematerials.
qualityareas–butalsoinordertodeterminestrategiesandtoexaminetheimpactofpoliciesonthedevelopmentofnature–sometimesinthecontextofveryspecificactionsrelatedtoparticularResearchinsupportofpolicyiscarriedoutinthecontextoftheTWOLprogrammeonthefarplywithourobligationsattheinternationallevel,weshouldalsofulfiltheRamsardirectivesasWaterConsultationprojectandthecoast,asoneofthemostimportantnaturalareas.Tocomfocused,interalia,onthepreservationofvalleyecosystemsinthecontextoftheFlemishTotalFund(totalcreditof12.21millionEUR).CampaignsforthedevelopmentofnatureareThesumof2.22millionisallocatedforresearchintheyear2001toArticle2.5oftheMINAArt.saryApreciseknowledgeofsmellemissionandimmissiondataofGFTandgreencompostisnecestantimpactisneededtoguaranteethecontinuedcollectionandprocessingofanimalwaste(imporInthecontextofthepolicyonwaste,amorethoroughanalysisofthefinancialsituationanditsforreasonsofhygiene).totakeadditionalmeasuresinanobjectiveway,ifthesearerequired.2.5CurrentexpenditurefortheapplicationoftheNatureDevelopmentPlanaspossible.Thesearedirectivesonbirdsandhabitats.ofnature.
collectionimplementation.ThebestpossiblemeasuresforthedisposalofKGA(smalldangerouswaste)Thiswillexaminethemonitoringofrecyclingcentres,theavailableeliminationcapacityanditsmassbalanceanalysesandthecompositionofdomesticwasteorcomparableindustrialwaste.forSmallandMedium-sizedEnterprisesforcomparablewaste,researchwillbecarriedoutonInthecontextoftheimplementationandevaluationoftheWasteMaterialsPlanandthePlaninFlandersisalsobeingexamined.
chapterIII.5–131
Operationalresearch:stateoftheart
Strategicresearch:policyevaluation
Finally,thestatisticalmodelswillbeadaptedinrelationtotheEUdirectiveonwastestatistics.wasteharbour.Furthermore,adatabasemustbedevelopedfordataontheobligationtoacceptpaperresultedinthedevelopmentofacomputerprogrammeforprognosesonwasteflowingtotheArecentEUdirectiveonharbourfacilitiesfordealingwithshipwasteandloadingresiduesforAhandbookoncontainerparksandthetrainingofcontainerparkguardsisbeingreconsideredtheirbasisforsmellstandardization.ResearchonwastegranulesshouldprovideaviablestandardforsionrelatedtocompostingGFT(vegetables,fruitandgardenwaste)greenwasteformstheprises,buildinganddemolition,domesticwaste).Theresearchintosmellimmissionandemis-implementationofthedifferentplans(organic-biological,SmallandMedium-sizedEnter-Thisresearchconcernstheorganisationanddevelopmentofarangeofinstrumentsfortheuseasasecondaryrawmaterial,takingenvironmentalhygieneintoaccount.thebenefitofthelocalauthorities.asaconsequenceoftheenvironmentpolicyagreement.
Strategicresearch:policyformulation
mall-scaleprojects ofplantpurificationsystems,amongstotherthings.Thisconceptisstillbeingconstantlytant.Forthispurpose,astandardAquafinconceptwasdevelopedatthebeginning,makingusebecamerelativelymoreimpor
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areasinFlanders,itwasnecessarytoimplementapolicytodimensions,makinguseofmodellingtechniques,amongstotherthings.Forthevulnerabletermsoftheindividualpartsoftheprocess.Inaddition,aprocedurewasdevelopedforvariousbilityinFlanders,andifnecessary,optimalised,bothintermsofthechoiceofprocesses,andinble.Forthispurpose,theavailabletechnologywasscreened,examinedintermsofitsapplicaInthefirstyears(1991-1994),itwasimportanttoachievestandardisationasquicklyaspossioptimalisingAquafinhavealwaysbeenfocusedonsupportingthistask.ThekeywordsinthisaretionofdomesticwastewaterinFlanders.Intermsofcontent,ResearchandDevelopmentinAquafinNVwasestablishedin1991,withthetaskofdevelopingastructureforthepurificaapproximatelyOfthetotalcreditof200.27millionEUR,2.48millionisallocatedtosciencepolicy,ofwhichbetweenArt.2.10Currentexpenditurefortheapplicationoftheagreementof10November1993divisions,frompolicypreparationtotheexecutionofnaturedevelopmentprojectsinthefield.supportsthepracticalexecutionandplanningofthegeneralandspecifictasksoftherespectiveplannedbytheNatureDivisionandtheForestsandGreenAreasDivisionismorediverse.ItWhileresearchbyAMINABELrelatesinparticulartoecologicalengineering,theresearchsion,EnvironmentandNaturePolicyDivision(AMINABEL),theForestsandGreenAreasDiviTheavailablecreditservestofundtheplannedstudies,whicharesubmittedbytheGeneralandtheNatureDivisionofAMINAL.theRegionofFlandersandNVAQUAFIN1millionisforresearch.theplanningandexploitation. removenutrients ofscenariosmadeuseofdetailedcharacterisationofinfluents,sensitivityanalysis,Overthecourseoftheyears,astandardprocedurewasdevelopedforrenovation.Theanalysistechniques.soonaspossible.Inthefirstinstance,pilotexperimentswerecarriedout,relatedtomodellingnutrients,R&Dwasmaderesponsibleforprovidingthebestavailabletechnologyforthisasitwasestablished.AstheexistingsewagepurificationplantshadnotbeendesignedtoremoveadditionaltaskofexploitingandrenovatingtheinfrastructurewhichhadalreadyexistedbeforewholeofFlanderswasidentifiedasavulnerablearea;ontheotherhand,AquafinwasgiventheFrom1994,theactivitiesaccelerated.Thereweretworeasonsforthis:ontheonehand,thegenofResearchandDevelopment’seffortswerefocusedontheprocessesfortheremovalofnitro-;thereforemanyandphosphorous. dynamic modelling Asthesewerecompleted,thenumberofsFortiveductionofthenew“VLAREA”legislation,moreandmoreattentionwasdevotedtoalternabutitsoonbecameclearthatitwasnecessarytoterminatethisprocess.AnticipatingtheintroTheprocessingofsilthadbeenoptimalisedintheearlyyears,withaviewtosalestoagriculture,appliedWherevernecessaryandpossible,newtechnologywasproposedhere,whichhadnotyetbeenmakingInadditiontotheeconomicaspects,theanalysisofthescenariowhichsupportsthedecisionthefinally,riskanalysis,bothforthedesignofthesystemofcollectorsthatwasdesigned,andfor,calibrationoftheresultsofmeasurementcampaignsandpilotexperiments,andsewagepurificationplant.alwaystakesintoaccounttheecologicalandsocialaspects.inFlandersbefore.processes,suchastheco-combustionofwastewaterpurificationsiltinpowerstations.thedevelopmentofthenewinfrastructure,astartwasmadeonthelargerconurbations.
Becauseoftheconstantconcerntopreventandremedysystemsandpatented.TherecentlydevelopeddynamicmodelsareusedtosimulatethesemonitoringFortheoptimalisationoftheexploitation,newintelligentmonitoringsystemsweredevelopedexperiments.adaptedandoptimalised,forexample,onthebasisofpracticaloperationalexperienceandpilotinadvanceonthecomputer,andtestthemforfeasibility. nuisancecausedbyodoursandnoise recyclingyears.Thekeywordsarealways:further-reachingpurification,newandstricternorms,thecling,alargenumberofResearchandDevelopmentprojectswerestartedinthisfieldinrecentwasadopted.Takingintoaccounttheincreasingattentionpaidtosustainableaspectsandrecyprogresswasalsomadeinthisrespect,inthesensethatanincreasinglymodel-basedapproach,ofsiltandeffluent,membranetechnologyandsmall-scalesystems. Topicsfor2001: concerned.purification,modellingandsiltdeposits,thoughwithoutlosingsightoftheotherfieldstermsofthecontentisonthefieldsofmembranetechnologyandrecycling,small-scalewaterTousetheavailablemeansandtheavailableknowledgeasefficientlyaspossible,thefocusinchangesIn2001,furtherworkisbeingcarriedoutintheselectedareasofresearch,withthenecessarytorespondtothechangedsituation.
Improvingexploitation
Waterpurificationonasmallscale ofacquiredalargeknowledgeofthisfieldinrecentyears;in2001,thiswillbeappliedinanumbertowhichlittleattentionhasbeendevoted,andfewstudieshavebeencarriedout.Aquafinhasofseeminglysimpleprocesses(suchasplantsystems),theirdesignandexploitationaresubjectsscalepurificationprojectshasincreased.Althoughthesmall-scalepurificationsystemsmakeuseNowthatgreaterconurbationsareconnectedtotheRWZI,therelativeimportanceofsmall-pilotandlarge-scaleprojects.
Siltdeposits treatmentsustainableway.In2001,researchprojectsarebeingstarteduptostudyimprovementsinsiltitself,buttoimprovetheprocessofsilttreatmentinaneconomic,aswellasanecologicalandtain”needstobetackledinasustainablemanner.Theaimisnottoreducetheproductionofsiltimportanteffortshavebeenmadetoimprovesiltprocessing.Theproblemofthe“siltmounWithanincreasingawarenessthatlargeamountsof“traditional”silthavebeendeposited,andtheapplicationofphysicalandchemicaltechniques. chapterIII.5–133
toringlarge-scaleapplicationisplanned.Standardizationandtheimplementationofthe“new”monifieldsoftoxicity,nutrientremovalandtheproblemofsmellandnoise.For2001,afurtherNewcontrolstrategieshavebeenadoptedandtheexistingstrategieshavebeenimprovedinthesystemwillbecarriedoutinanintegratedfashion.
Dynamicmodelling
andprocesses.Theprototypeoftheriskanalysessoftwarewillbemademoreuser-friendlyin2001,areinvolvedincertaindesignalternatives.ThefirstpartdealswiththebiologicalpurificationIn2000,ariskassessmentwasalsocarriedout,makingitpossibletoquantifytheriskswhichcharacterization,tionsmakinguseofallthemethodswhichhadbeendeveloped(statisticalanalysis,influentA“stateoftheart”procedurewasdesignedforthe(dynamic)modellingofpurificationinstalla-sensitivityanalysis,pilotresearchand(dynamic)modelling).willbeusedforconcreteprojects.
Operationalresearch:instrumental
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isavailable,orifthisknowledgeisnotreallyapplicabletotheFlemishcontext,thatanevaluationinothercountriesontheproblemconcerned.ItisonlyifnosufficientknowledgeappearstobeMostoftheprojectsinvolveabroadstudyoftheliterature,toseewhatknowledgealreadyexistsIncleaningThiscomprisestechnicalandscientificresearchaimedattheimplementationofthedecreeonupthesoilandtherelatedpolicy,onascientificbasis.thisresearch,thefollowingprioritiesapply:•supportingtheconcept,“Bestavailabletechniquewhichdoesnotresultinunreasonablyhighcosts”•thedevelopmentofamethodologyforthemonitoringandcontrolofcertaincleaninguptechniques(mainlyinsitu),anddrawingupprotocols•findingnewtechniquesforexistingproblemswithregardtocleaningthesoil.Thisisstronglyfocusedondiffusesoilpollution.carriedouttoseehowthisknowledgecanbeacquired.
Recycling/Membranetechnology 1.03relatedArt.2.17AdditionalgrantforOVAMforimplementingtheDecreeof22February1995twooperating,orwillsoonstartup.Threelarge-scalemembranetechnologyprojectsareplanned,Atthemoment,Aquafinhasninerecyclingprojects.Pilotmembraneinstallationsarealreadyogyexpandingveryrapidly.Asaresultofhigh-techdevelopments,themembranereactortechnolarea,withsmallamountsofwateravailableandthepurificationinfrastructureisdevelopingandtechnologyinthepurificationinfrastructureattherightmoment:itisaverydenselypopulatedoftheeffluentandmorecompactsystems.FlandershasauniqueopportunitytointegratethisTheadvantagesofthistechnologyare:aneffluentofsuperiorquality,possibilitiesofrecyclingtichaveadecisiveimpact.TheintroductionofmembranetechnologyinthepurificationofdomesInparticular,increasinglystrictnormswillbeimposed,andacomprehensiveapproachwilltheTheEuropeanDirective“EUWaterFrameworkDirective”willhaveanevengreaterimpactonwholewaterpurificationprocessthan,forexample,the“UrbanWasteWaterDirective”.wastewaterwillplayanimportantroleinthis.canbeintroduced,andrecyclingonalargescalecanbecomeareality.involvingrecycling.tocleaningupthesoilmillionEURofthetotalcreditof6.96millionEURisallocatedtoresearch. Strategicresearch:policyformulation menttofindmoreprecisedata,andontheotherhand,standardmethodsfortheeffectivemeasurehypotheses.Foraspectswhichrevealaverywiderangeofpossibilitiesinthehypotheses,wetrymainlybasedonmodellingcalculations.Thesecalculationsarebasedonsimplifiedmodelsandingupthesoilinmoredetailandtoimprovethesupportfortheriskanalysis.RiskanalysisisOneimportantaimoftheOVAMSoilresearchprogrammeistodrawupthenormsoncleanintercommunityaspectssuchaseconomicfactors,communicationwithotherauthorities(GOM,ingupthesoilanditsimplementationdecisionsmustbetakenintoaccount,aswellasotherabandonedpollutedindustrialsites.Inthisrespect,theprovisionsofthedecreerelatedtoclean-TheaimoftheresearchistodrawupapracticalmanualforthedevelopmentandrecyclingoflemsThisresearchisaimedatdevelopingaprocedureforamethodocalapproachtocomplexprob-suchas“brownfields”andthelarge-scalepollutionofresidentialareas.contact)andlocalauthorities.ofanumberofparameters.
Inaddition,themajorityoftheavailablecredit(1.92millionEUR)isspentonlaboratoryconhighlyInspectionDivisionofAMINAL,viz.,the“ResearchintothemodalitiesforthesafestorageofOneresearchproject(0.05millionEUR)wassubmittedunderBA12.62bytheEnvironmentadvice,analyses,otherthanthosereferredtointheprevioussectionwithsampling,evaluationandmaterials,fertilisersandair;studiesbyspecialistlaboratoriesformorespecific,notcurrent,contractuallydescribedanalysis,samplingandevaluationofwastewater,groundwater,wasteBA12.62Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedto:agreementswithrecognisedlaboratoriesforTheThe(TWOL)cutionoftasksinthephysicalprogrammeofAppliedScientificResearchintotheEnvironmentForthebudgetyear2001,thereis0.66millionEURavailableforthisbudgetitem,fortheexe-reportspollution;theexecutionofstudiesrelatedtoenvironmentalproblems,environmentaleffectBA12.59Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtothedetection,preventionandcombatingofnoiseandexternalsafetyfor2001.proposalsaresubmittedbytheAMINABELdivisionofAMINAL.plannedstudiesinAMINABELarerelatedto:•useofhydrogenasfuelforbuses;•drawingupahandbookofdirectivesforexternalsafetyreports;•Sevesochargeslinkedtoapackageoftasksimposedbytheagreement;•developmentofgeneraldirectivesforenvironmentalsafetyreports;•carryingoutresearchonnon-bindingactionsandinitiativesinthecontextofthe2001EnvironmentalAnnualProgrammeofthe1997-2001FlemishEnvironmentalPolicyPlanonthetopics“climate”,“pollutioncausedbyphotochemicalsubstances”,andthespreadofsubstanceswhicharedangerousfortheenvironment.ifrequired;theofficialexecutionofsanctionsinflammablegases,subjecttoVR.”tracts(analysis,samplingandtheevaluationofsamples,safetystudies…)
moreapproach,instruments…)oftheMINAPlan.Thereisalwaysadirectrelationshipwithoneorbiodiversity)andaspects(cooperationwithauthorities,costsandfunding,area-basedfortheenvironment,nuisancecausedbyodours,nuisancecausedbynoise,dehydration,lossofoftheozonelayer,climatechange,acidification,thespreadofsubstanceswhicharedangerousitemtofundtheplannedstudies,etc.Intermsofcontent,thesecoveralltheissues(thethinningAMINAL,aswellasseveralFlemishPublicInstitutions(VLM,VMM)makeuseofthisbudgetVariousdivisions(DirectorateGeneral,AMINABEL,NatureDivisionandWaterDivision)ofEnvironmentalthepersonnelandtheoperatingcosts,aswellasfundingstudiesfortheimplementationoftheusedfortheexecutionoftheFlemishEnvironmentalPolicyPlan(MINAPlan).ItcoversbothThecreditforArticle2.28oftheMINAFundamountsto6.30millionEUR.ThebudgetistheArt.2.28AvarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheadditionalenvironmentandnaturepolicyforexecutionoftheMINAPlan,withtheexceptionofsubsidiesandcapitalexpenditureAnnualProgramme.oftheactionsoftheEnvironmentalPolicyPlan.
II.Science policy and the general budget Programme 61.1Environment
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(immissionmeasurementnetworkforair).Theinformationflowfromthedifferentmeasurewater(emissionmeasurementnetworkforwater)andthequalityoftheairintheenvironmentmeasurementnetworkforwater),theriverbeds,andanetworktomeasuredischargesofwasteThecontinueddevelopmentofnetworkstomonitorthequalityofsurfacewaters(immissionTheAmeasurementnetworksforwaterandair,andthedevelopmentoftheenvironmentaldatabankBA61.42GranttothePublicEnvironmentalAgencyofFlandersforthedevelopmentofstatutenance;Environmentalcongestionintheseaports;SupportingtheEUpresidency;thelegaltationmodalitiesofasystemofenvironmentalresponsibility;Studyonorganisationmainte-regardinggeneticallymodifiedorganisms:implementationintheFlemishRegion;Implemen-investigativepowersoftheenvironmentadministration;ImplicationsoftheEUdirectivesmentalregulations;TheconsequencesoftheFranchimontLawonthesupervision,controlandInparticular,thefollowingresearchprojectswillstartupin2001:Evaluationoftheenviron-intendedTheavailablecreditforsciencepolicyamountsto0.75millionEUR,ofwhich0.40millionisThefallingBA12.63Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheexecutionofstudiesonenvironmentallaw,undertheactivitiesoftheDivisionforEuropeandtheEnvironmentaimistomaketherulesmoreeffectiveandappropriateby:•devotingmoreattentiontothecorrectconversionofinternationalenvironmentallawintonationallegislation;•simplifyingtherules,interalia,byintegratingand/orharmonisingtheinstrumentsanddecision-makingprocedures,thedevelopmentofaninstrument“integralconditions”andanemphasisonthequalityofthelegaltexts(accurateuseoflanguage,logicalstructure,etc.);•improvingtherangeofinstruments(interalia,theirintegration);•monitoringthecontentofthedecisions,interalia,withtheuseofaims,principlesandcriteriafortheevaluationofinterests;•devotingmoreattentiontotheapplicationandenforcementoftherules,alsowithregardtodecisionsmadepreviously;•noweakeningofaimsandnorms;•scientificsupportforthenorms;•givingapartialanswertoscientificuncertainty(specificsocialresponsibletreatmentofrisksindeterminingthenormsandtakingdecisions,forexample,inthecontextofpreventiveactionandtheprecautionprinciple;•settingupsystemsforlifelonglearningfromapplicationsofthelawinpractice;•introducingorchangingthewayinwhichregulationsareintroduced;whichorganisationaladaptationsarenecessaryfortheirefficientapplication;•ensuringagoodflowofinformationontheregulations(includingNavigatoronthelawandtheWindowsontheinternet).forresearch.onthewatermills.budgetof2.56millionEURwasallocatedtoBA61.42for2001.mostimportantpolicylinesare:mentnetworksformstheobjectivebasisforallactionplansandreports.Withregardtothemeasurementnetworksfor water, attention is mainly focused on: • the continued development of a measurement network for river beds; • theendocrinouspollution,inordertomeettheEuropeanobligationsandtosupportsomeofpollutants)insurfaceandwastewaterandriverbeds,withattentiontopesticidesandthecontinuedexpansionofthemeasurementprogrammeondangeroussubstances(micro-actionsoftheMina2Plan; chapterIII.5–136
• typecontinuingtheexploratoryeco-toxicologicalresearchintotheapplicationpossibilitiesofthisoftestinanemissionreductionandmonitoringstrategy; • directive;assessmentmethodsinthecontextoftheimplementationofthenewEUframeworkstartingupandparticipatinginresearchintothedevelopmentofcomplementaryecological • WithregardtothemeasurementexpansionofthemeasurementnetworkscancreateastrategicsurplusvaluefortheexistingthelinkbetweenenvironmentalpollutionandhealthrisksinFlanders.ArelativelysmallmakingtheVMMmeasurementnetworkseffect-oriented:thereisnotenoughresearchintonetworks. air Projectsmustbesetup,aimedatcontinuingtheeffortsforthecollection,validation,processparticulartional”parametersforNOxandSO2,ozone,suspendedparticulates,heavymetals,VOC,etc.,network,inadditiontocontinuingthemeasurementsofthe“tradiattentionwillbedevoted,interalia,to:•measurementsofdioxindepositsanddioxinconcentrationmeasurements,focusingonlocationswithgreatlyincreaseddeposits;•researchintotheelementswhichcontributetoabetterunderstandingofthelinkbetweenVOCemissionsandtroposphericozoneformation;•comparativePM10measurementsandheavymetalsinPM10;•renewalofthemeasurementstationsforheavymetals,inaccordancewithEN12341;•continuingthestudyonheavymetalsindifferentsamplesofparticulatedmatter,incooperationwiththeVITOandtheCENworkinggroupinHoboken;•theestablishmentofstudiesofthechemicalcompositionofsuspendedparticulates;•furtherelaborationofmeasurementstrategiesinaccordancewiththeEUframeworkdirective;•researchongenotoxicandmutagenicactivities;•continuingresearchintocross-borderairpollutionintheregionofDePanne,incoopera-tionwithpartnersinNorthernFrance;•theestablishmentofspecificstudiesinproblemareas(includingBeerse);•thestudyofnewmeasurementtechniquesforF,Cl,ammoniaandformaldehyde;•startingupmeasurementsofPAKdeposits;•startingupcomparativemeasurementsbetweengravimetricandautomaticmethodsforthedeterminationofsuspendedparticulates,inaccordancewiththeEUsubsidiarydirective;•measurementnetworkfordepositsandacidification:theinstrumentswhichwereboughtin2000tomeasurewetdepositswillbesetupin10locationsinFlanders,andmeasurementwillbegin.Themeasurementstrategyfordrydepositswillbefinalizedin2001,andthebestmeasurementmethodwillbeidentified.ing,structuring,storage(inthecentralregionalenvironmentdatabank–sectiononthemeasurementdatabank)andreportingtherelevantdataseriesandcalculatedqualityindicesfortheprogrammesforthemeasurementofwaterandair,andtheseweragesystem.Inparticularly,aprojectisstartingupfortheintegrationofthetotalwastewatercollectioninfrastructure-relatedtotheinformationwithregardtopollutionloads.Therewillalsobeaprojectonadvisingforenvironmentallicenses(waterandairdivision).Inthisrespect,attentionwillbedevotedtoimprovingandcentralisingvariousprocesses.The“TaxesforLarge-scaleConsumers”projectisbeingcarriedouttoachievearenewedandintegratedsystemtoprovideinformationinsupportofpolicy.Inordertoprovidesupportforpolicy,theVMMmustevolvefromthestageof“datacollection”to“information”,andsubsequentlytoavaluable“knowledgesystem”.Thisisonlypossiblebycoordinatingwithotherdatabanks,suchasthoserelatedtotaxes,flowmeasurements,dischargepoints,sewerage,businessinformation,licenses,etc. chapterIII.5–137
MAPmeasurementnetworkarecommunicatedtotheagriculturalorganisationsbyCD-ROM.tionarebasedoninternettechnology,andtheaimistoachieveinteraction.Theresultsofthewellasthehigherauthorities,industryandagriculture.Thecostsofprovidinglocalinformainwhichlocalparties(localauthorities,provinces,families)willbeimportantcustomers,asthepolicy.Inthefuture,thisinstrumentmustbeavailableforapplicationbythetargetgroups,evolutionofwaterandairqualityasaconsequenceofthepolicy,willstrengthenthesupportforwillleadtoavaluableandeasilyaccessibleknowledgesystem.Thepossibilityofforecastingthedifferentdatasourcesandthestorageofbasicinformationforreferencepurposesinoneplacethispurpose,andspecificapplicationshavebeendeveloped.GoodcoordinationbetweentherequirementsoftheWaterQualityPlans.ThedatabankhasbeenelaboratedandexpandedforThereportingstructurefortheprocesseddatarespondstotheinputneedsofthequalityresponsejectsarestartinguptoimplementauniversalGIS(GeographicInformationSystem),inbegroupedintimeseries,onasetofthematicbackgroundmaps.Therefore,initiativesandprothereisanincreasingdemandforthecomprehensiblevisualisationofthemanydata.TheymustInthecontextofauser-friendlyapproach,easyaccessandbetterinterpretationpossibilities,work,projectssuchasthedatacatalogue(CDS),theDobrisReport,theEIONETinformationnetIBW,IN,VMW,Aquafin).ItisobviousthatthisinitiativemustberelatedtosimilarEuropeangraduallybedevelopedinconsultationwithotherparticipants(AMINAL,OVAM,VLM,Anadequatemetadatasystem(orinformationondata)isakeyfunctioninthis.Thismustandothers.tothedirectivesoftheGIS-FlandersSupportCentre. Programme 61.2Nature BAs 11.04, 12.03, 12.45 and 74.02Institute of Nature TheservationTheresearchoftheInstituteisfocusedmainlyonscientificresearchprojectsinsupportofconitself.researchforwhichtheInstituteofNatureConservationdoesnothavethenecessaryspecialistsprogrammingoftheInstituteofNatureConservation.ThisconcernsvariousagreementsforcatedtoBA12.45tocarryouturgentstudiesorcommissionsofgeneralinterest,outsidetheThetotalbudgetsfortheseBAsamountto3.77millionEUR.0.14millionEURhasbeenalloConservationpolicy.mainobjectivesandtasksare:•topromotebio-diversityandthesustainabilityofnatureinFlanderswithregardtoeveryaspect,i.e.,includingissuesrelatedtoabioticenvironment,thepollutionofnaturalsystems,useofbiodiversityindicatorsetc.,whichrequiresspecificresearch;•tocarryoutappliedscientificresearch,toprepareandsupportpolicywithregardtotheconservationofnatureandrelevantgovernmentpolicy;•partofthetaskoftheInstituteisdescribedinmorespecifictermsintheDecreeonConservationofNatureandtheNaturalEnvironment(of21/10/97):biologicalevaluationandmapping,thereportontheStateofNatureinFlanders,supportingthenaturepolicyplan,designingtheFlemishEcologicalNetwork,ecohydrologicalstudiesandevaluation;•tobroadenandextendthesocialbasisofconservation;thisrequiresthedisseminationofpopularpublications;theorganisationofworkshopsandcollaborationwithNGOs;•toincreasetheefficiencyofthemeasuresbymeansofapolicytopreventdamagetonatureasfaraspossible;thisrequiresapermanentpolicyevaluationbyevaluatingeffectsinthefield. chapterIII.5–138
Theofunithasitsownclearlydefinedobjectivesandidentity,summarisedintheannualprogrammejectsandprojectsaresubdividedintosixunitsattheInstituteofNatureConservation.EachInordertostructurethelargevolumeofscientificworkinapragmaticway,theresearchsub-encetownandcountryplanning,conservationofthelandscape,VLM,VMM,andthefederalsci-andtheNationalBotanicalGarden.Cooperationalsotakesplacewith,interalia,publicworks,InstituteforForestryandGameManagement,theRoyalBelgianInstituteofNaturalSciences,authorities.Closerelationsexistwithuniversitiesandotherscientificinstitutes,suchasthementandtheexternalprovincialdivisions)andwithotheradministrationsorpara-regionalThereisanactivepolicyofcooperationintherelationswithAMINAL(boththemainmanage-uation(e.g.,exoticspecies),themanagementproposalsforprotectedareas,andaninventoryandevallatesitsvisionconcerningthe(re)introductionofspecies,thepolicyonspecificproblemspeciesandthreatenedspecies),andthebiologicalevaluationmap.Inaddition,theInstituteformuAreasandRegionalLandscapes,thereportonthestateofnatureinFlanders,redlists(ofrarethedesirablenaturalstructure,theDuneDecree,pilotprojectsforlanduse,EcologicalImpulsethedevelopmentofviewpointsbasedonscientificsupport,e.g.,thedesignandelaborationofThesupportforpolicyprovidedbytheInstitutemainlytakestheformofadvisoryreportsandtivethedirectivesoftheEuropeanUnion,suchastheBirddirective(1979)andtheHabitatdirecventionsofRamsar(1971),Bonn(1979),Berne(1979),andRiodeJaneiro(1992),aswellasInaddition,theinternationalactstowhichFlandersisapartyareimplemented,suchasthecontionsanattemptismadetoachievetotalqualitycontrolandthebestpossibleintegrationofthefuncAreas,thesixRegionalLandscapes,theMunicipalNatureDevelopmentPlans,etc.,inwhichcoordinatingstructureswereestablishedforthispurpose,suchastheeightEcologicalImpulsenity,butalsooftheprovinces,municipalitiesandFlemishPublicInstitutions.Specialgratedintheday-to-daymanagement/policyoftheotherdepartmentsoftheFlemishCommuTheconcernabouttheconservationofnatureisnotmerelyasectoralpolicy.Itmustbeinteofthelandscapewithsocialandeconomicrequirements.(1992).todesignatespecialprotectedzones.policy.work.priorityareasorissuesarecoveredbythefollowingsixworkingunitsattheinstitute:1.Populationandecologicaldistributionunit2.Ecotopeclassificationandbiologicalevaluationmapunit3.Ecohydrologyandwatersystemsunit4.Landscapeecologyandmanagementofnatureunit5.Naturedevelopmentandpolicyunit6.NatureReportunit 1.Populationanddistributionecology toringprotectionofspeciesandauto-ecologicalresearch,researchintobio-indicators,andthemoniheadings,viz:researchintodistributionpatternsandapplicationsfornatureconservation,theualspeciesandtaxonomicgroups(Theprojectscarriedoutbythisresearchunitdealwithvariousaspectsoftheecologyofindivid-biodiversity).Thesubjectscanbegroupedunderfourofpopulations. chapterIII.5–139
amphibians,Approximately25specificprojectsarecarriedoutinthefieldofbotany,invertebrates,fish,reptilesandbirds:•EcologicaldatabaseonplantspeciesinFlanders•InvasiveplantspeciesinFlanders•InventoriesoftheflorainlesserknownareasinFlanders•MonitoringoftargetspeciesinFlemishcoastaldunes•DetailedmappingofpopulationsofRedListbutterflies•Developmentofconcepts,methodsandtechniquesforbiodiversitymonitoringinFlanders,usingamulti-speciesapproach•Makingmodelsoftheimpactonbiodiversityofchangesinclimate•Thecompilationandapplicationofadatafileontheecologyofinvertebrateswithapplicationfortheconservation,managementanddevelopmentofnatureinFlanders•ThedistributionandstatusoffishfaunainFlanders•Habitatrequirementsoffishandthemanagementofrivers•DistributionofamphibiansandreptilesinFlanders•Distributionofspeciesdiversityofhigherplants,dragonflies,butterflies,amphibiansandreptilesinFlanders•ColonialandrarebreedingbirdsinFlanders•ScientificsupportandadvicetowardstheEuropeanWildBirdandHabitatDirectives•TheatlasofbreedingbirdsinFlanders•CountsofwinteringwaterbirdsinFlanders•RedlistofbreedingbirdsinFlanders•Thedevelopmentofaframeworkfortheevaluationofforestdevelopmentasascenariofornaturedevelopmentinvalleyareas•Biodiversityofgroynesandotherhardsubstratesintheinter-tidalzoneoftheFlemishCoast.Part4.Birds•InteractionbetweenwindturbinesandbirdsinFlanders•SeabirdsasindicatorsforthecoastalecosystemoftheNorthSea.1.Structuralandfunc-tionalbiodiversityoftheNorthSeaecosystem•SeabirdsasindicatorsforthecoastalecosystemoftheNorthSea.1.Pathologyandeco-toxi-cologyofseabirdsandseamammals•MonitoringandresearchofwinteringgeeseinFlanders 2.EcotopeclassificationandBiologicalEvaluationMap inthetypologyandclassificationofbiotopesandecotopes,andtheirecology.ThisiscarriedoutThefieldsofactivityofthisunitconcernthecoordinationandexecutionofappliedresearchonthefollowingprojects:•TheBiologicalEvaluationMap(anewsurveystartedin1997forthewholeofFlanders)•ApplicationoftheBiologicalEvaluationMapforpolicymaking•Ecotopeecologyforthemanagementanddevelopmentofnature:EcotopeecologyofpermanentstagnantwatersAvisionandgeneralapproachforthemaintenanceandrecoveryofspeciesinrichagriculturalgrasslands 3.Ecohydrologyandwatersystems system.togainaninsightintotherelationshipandinteractionbetweenwater(fluxes)andthebioticintothefunctioningofaquaticandwater-relatedterrestrialecosystems.ThegeneralpurposeisThe‘EcohydrologyandWatersystems’researchgroupcarriesoutbasicandappliedresearch chapterIII.5–140
Finally,technicalspecificrivercatchmentareas,andconcernthedevelopmentofconcepts,preparatoryresearch,OtherresearchprojectsarecarriedoutintheframeworkoftotalwatermanagementprojectsforprocessesTheseissuesaretackledin13researchprojects.Someoftheseinvolveresearchintoecologicalmentnatureinvalleys,etc.Theresearchmustcontributetothecompatibilitybetweenwatermanagementandnaturedevelopmentinrelationtothewatersystem,thepotentialdevelopmentofundercertainabioticconditions,theeffectofchangesinhydrologyonnature,naturemanagePrimaryissuesaretheecologicalandhydrologicalkeyprocesses,theevolutionofecosystemsandnatureinrivervalleys.inorinrelationtowatersystems:•Ecohydrologyofgroundwaterrelatedtowetlandsinvalleyareas•Watermanagementandbiodiversity•Ecologicalandeco-toxicologicalconsequencesoffloodareasinrivervalleys•Bioticinteractioninturbidestuarinesystems.implementationsandevaluation:•VegetationecologyinalluvialareasalongtheScheldtriver•EcohydrologicalresearchinvalleysoftheDijle,DemerandNeterivers•NaturerestorationanddevelopmentintheScheldtestuary•ConceptsfortheecologicalrestorationoftheScheldtestuaryandriver•Ecologicalresearchintolandscapedikesconstructedwithdredgedmaterial(relatedtotheproblemofsedimentationinthelowerScheldtriverandtheharbourofAntwerp)twoprojectsfocusonecologicalandecohydrologicalmonitoring:•BiomonitoringoftheScheldtestuary•Hydrologicalmonitoringofnaturalareas 4.LandscapeEcologyandNatureManagement ationarecombinedinbasicandappliedresearch.Mostprojectscitedbelowarecarriedoutincooperniques,andtheeffectofspatialorganisationontheappearanceandfunctioningofnaturalareasversusmultifunctionalapproaches,etc.).Projectsontheeffectofdifferentmanagementtechmanagementapproaches(small-scaleversuslarge-scale,deterministicversusstochastic,monoofbiodiversity,etc.).Theseareconfrontedwithpossiblesolutionsofferedbydifferentnatureincreasingpopulationdensity,etc.)andtrendsinnature(fragmentation,decreaseandlevellingdevelopedonthebasisofobvioussocialtrends(globalisation,accelerationofprocesses,long-termvisiononspatialnaturepolicyplanning(themainpointsofinterestinthisunit.ItsmissionstatementfocusesonthedevelopmentofaSpatialrelationsandthedirectinterventionofmaninnatureinandoutsidenaturereservesare2030).Fundamentalprinciplesarewithinternalandexternalpartners.Themainresearchtopicsare:•ThedevelopmentofamonitoringsystemfortheevaluationofthemanagementofnaturereservesintheFlemishRegion•Thepublicationofafullyrevisededitionofthebook“Natuurbeheer”(TheManagementofNature)•Researchintograzingmanagementincoastaldunes:studyoftheeffectsofgrazingofvertebrateherbivoresingeneral,ofplant-animalandanimal-animalinteraction(severalprojects)•DynamicsofvegetationoftheFlemishcoastaldunes•Typologyofhabitatsofmudflats,tidalmarshes,swamps,coastaldunes,heathlandandgrasslandwiththedevelopmentofVlavedat(FlemishDatabankforVegetation,Relevés)•TheintegratedWaterSupplyandNatureDevelopmentPlanfortheFlemishWestCoast•Long-termvisiononspatialnaturepolicyplanning(2030)•Vulnerableplantpopulationsinagriculturalareas:distribution,dispersalandgeneticdiversityasabasisforfunctionalhabitatnetworks chapterIII.5–141
• BIO-SAFE:developmentofaspreadsheetmethodtoevaluatetheimpactofpreventivemeasuresonbiodiversity • GREENVEINS:modellingoftheimpactofgreenveinsinagriculturalspaceonbiodiversity • The development of a detailed eco-district system for the Flemish Region • contextDistribution,ecologyandsuccessioninlowlandheathlandinBelgium,seeninaEuropean • Ecosystem research into the Meuse on the border (Grensmaas) • multifunctionalSpatialanalysis,modellingandindicatordistinctionforanecologicallysoundandpolicyfortheMeuseontheborder(Grensmaas) • Synecological and syndynamic aspects of soft water coastal vegetation in Western Europe • Evaluationofmanagementmeasurestooptimalisetheecologicalvalueofpoplarplantations 5.Naturerestorationandnaturepolicy carriedefficientarea-orientedpolicyonnatureinFlanders,basedonecologicalprinciples.TheprojectsTheobjectivesofthisunitarefocusedinparticularonprovidingpracticalsupportforamoreoutinthisunitinclude:•ScientificsupportforthefutureecologicalnetworkofFlandersandtheprioritiesfor38,000hectaresofadditionalprotectedarea,fortheexecutionofthebindingprovisionsoftheFlandersStructuralPlanonTownandCountryPlanning•Scientificandlogisticsupportforthedesignationandmanagementplanningof125,000hectaresofareaswherenatureistheprimaryfunction,and150,000hectareswherethenaturefunctioniscombinedwithotherfunctions•FollowinguptheEuropeanDirectivesandinternationalconventionswithregardtomain-taininganimalandplantpopulationsandmaintainingnaturalhabitatsforfloraandfauna•ScientificandlogisticsupportformanagementplanninginEU-HabitatandBirdDirectiveareas•ThedevelopmentofandstructuralsupportfortheprovincialpolicyonnatureinWestFlanders•VisionsfornaturealongFlemishwaterways,managedbythewaterauthorityAWZforthebenefitofdrawingup“zoningplans”•Researchintoecology,ecologicalrecovery,andtheintegratedwatermanagementoftheBlankaartlakeandtheIJzervalley•Generaladviceinsupportofpolicy,andspecificarea-relatedadviceandresearchwithregardtothedevelopmentandrestorationofnature•DrawingupadatafileofnaturereservesandnaturerestorationprojectsinFlanders•Researchintoopportunitiesandimportantmonitoringvariablesfortherestorationofnatureonlandformerlyusedforintensivefarming•Bufferzonesalongunnavigablewatercourses•Theimportanceoflinearandpointshapedreedvegetationsinthecountrysideforsemi-terrestrialinvertebratesofmarshhabitats. 6.NatureReport (seeInthelongterm,theaimistoproduceamodelofdisruptiveinfluencesonthestateofnatureThemaintaskofthisunitistoassessthestateofbiodiversityandtheexternalfactorsthatdeterminebiodiversityoverthecourseoftime(includingpolicyevaluation).ThisallowsforaregulardescriptionandevaluationofthestateofnatureinFlanders.Thefollowingprojectsareimplemented:•NatureReport:atwo-yearlyevaluationofthestateofnatureinFlanders(+policyevaluation)•Monitoring:improvingandextendingexistingmonitoringschemeswhichare(directlyorindirectly)relatedtothestateofnatureinFlanders.EnvironmentandNatureReportofFlanders,MIRA). chapterIII.5–142
Programme 61.3Forests and Green Areas
ForestsandForestry
stocks.inordertocontributetothesustainablemanagementofforests,greenareas,faunaandfishInTheseManagementBAs11.05,11.65,12.02,12.46,73.63and74.03InstituteforForestryandGameforInProgramme61.3aseriesofBAsprovidethefundsfortheresearchactivitiesoftheInstitutemanagemententedandappliedscientificresearchintoforestsandforestry,greenery,inlandfishery,gameProgramme61.3concernspolicypreparation,specificworkingcosts,subsidies,policy-oriandbirdprotection.ForestryandGameManagement.BAsamounttoatotalof3.67millionEUR.1999,theInstituteformulateditstasksasfollows:•toconceptualiseandinitiatescientificresearch(forrenovation),onthebasisoftheneedsandreceivedsignals(external/internal);•tocoordinateandcarryoutscientificresearchandpolicy-orientedresearch;•toapplytheacquiredknowledgeforpolicypreparation,policysupportandevaluation;•todeliverscientificservices,e.g.,advice,supplyofproducts,techniques,conceptsanddocumentation;•toimprovethelevelofknowledgeanditsdistributionthroughpublications,lectures,adoc-umentationcentre,etc.,
relationshipbetweentrees,foresttypesandsites.Theresultsofthephysico-chemicalsoilanalyInthecontextofresearchrelatedtoafforestation,theInstitutewillcontinuetoinvestigatethesoilForests.TheaimofthissurveyistoassessbasicinformationonthechemicalconditionoftheEUschemefortheprotectionofforestsagainstatmosphericpollutionandtheUN/ECEICPstore,interpretandpresentthedatafromtheEuropeanlarge-scaleforestsoilsurveyundertheUniversityofGhent.ThemajoractivitiesoftheForestSoilCoordinatingCentrearetocollect,ForestSoilCoordinatingCentre(FSCC),establishedattheLaboratoryofSoilScienceoftheTheInstituteforForestryandGameManagementisalsoresponsibleforthemonitoringoftheforestCloselyrelatedresearchtopicsincludetheassessmentofwaterandelementfluxesthroughtheforagainstAtmosphericPollutionandtheUN/ECEICPForests.ItiscoordinatedbytheInstituteprogrammeiscarriedoutundertheEuropeanUnionSchemeontheProtectionofForestsanthropogenic(inparticularairpollution)aswellasnaturalstressfactors.ThismonitoringunderstandingoftherelationshipsbetweentheconditionofforestecosystemsandtemporalvariationinforestconditionsintheFlemishRegionandtocontributetoabetterIn1989,amonitoringprogrammewasstartedtoprovidearegularsummaryofthespatialandForestryandGameManagementandcarriedoutinco-operationwithdifferentpartners.ecosystem.andonothersoilpropertieswhichdeterminethevulnerabilityofthesoiltoairpollution.sesoftheFlemishforestsoilsurveywillprovideawayforward.Theultimategoalistoproduceguidelines,basedonresearch,forthecarefulselectionoftreespecies,takingsitepropertiesintoaccount.Thiswillundoubtedlycontributetomoresustainableforestrymanagement.
chapterIII.5–143
larlyiftheywereplantedinthevicinityofoldalluvialforests.Theprojectwillexaminesomeoftheseforestshaveverygreatpotentialtodevelopasforestswithahighnaturalvalue,particunitrophilouslayerofvegetation.However,ifspecificmanagementguidelinesareobserved,theotherhand,theyareoftenassociatedwithalimitedvaluefornaturalareasandaonehand,theseareoftenveryproductiveandthereforehaveanimportanteconomicvalue;onstands.AsignificantproportionoftheforestareainFlandersconsistsofpoplarforests.Ontheicy-orientedResearch(PBO),istheresearchonthedevelopmentofecologicalvaluesinpoplarAnotherimportantresearchprojectthatwillstartin2001,fundedbytheProgrammeonPolH2.ernmentofFlandersintheConventiononBiologicalDiversityandtheHelsinkiResolutionway,theresultscancontributetoagreatextenttofulfillingthecommitmentsmadebytheGovthatinfluencebiodiversityinforests,byusingthedataoftheFlemishforestinventory.InthisofthisresearcharedirectlyappliedinthemonitoringofimportantstructuralcharacteristicsThemethodologyfortheevaluationofbiodiversityinforestswasfinalisedin2000.Theresultsmanagement.Inthefuture,thisshouldleadtowardsconcreterecommendationsforsustainableforestingofthealreadyexistingforestreservesthatstartedin2000,willalsobecontinuedthisyear.areusedinordertoachievearepresentativeFlemishandinternationalnetwork.Themonitorestablishmentofanetworkofforestreserves.ThecriteriaforselectiondevelopedbytheIFGTheInstituteofForestryandGameManagement(IFG)fulfilsanimportantadvisoryroleintheonward.andQTLanalysis(QuantitativeTraitLoci)willbecarriedoutattheInstitutefrom2001ongeneticdiversityandspeciesidentification,researchonMAS(MarkerAssistedSelection)Researchintomoleculargeneticsisalsofurtherintensified.Inadditiontotheongoingresearchthetancetodisease.ParticularattentionisgiventotheinteractionbetweenhostandpathogenforTheselectionorcreationofhighqualitybasicmaterialmeansthatitmustbetestedforresis-emphasissivestrainsofrust,meansthatthecultivationstrategymustbereconsidered.Consequently,theThepresentcrisisinthecultivationofpoplars,causedbytheemergenceofincreasinglyaggres-arytedlastyear.ThenecessarystepswillbetakentoestablishseedorchardsofanumberofsecondProposalsfortheapprovalandacceptanceofsomeseedorchardsandseedstandsweresubmitArelatedprogrammehasstartedtoimprovethestocksofvaluableforestreproductivematerial.characterisationresources.Thiswasoutlinedin1998andfocusesontheconservation,continuedexpansionandreflected,amongstotherthings,inthefurtherdevelopmentofastrategyonnativegeneSpecialattentionisdevotedtotheconservationanduseofgeneticresourcesintheforest,opmentFurthermore,researchisbeingcarriedoutintonaturalprocessesinspontaneousforestdevelinterestingsiteswithremainsoffaunaandflora,basedonecologicalandhistoricalinformation.willserveasabasicinstrumentfortheforestpolicytooutlineforestexpansiononecologicallysupportoftheFlemishImpulseProgrammeforNatureDevelopment(VLINA).TheresultsThehistoricalevolutionofforestsintheFlemishRegionisbeingmappedusingGIS,withthenomicferenttypesofmulchsystemsarecomparedtoevaluatetheirefficiencyandecologicalandecoplantationsarecurrentlybeingexamined.Inadditiontomechanicalandchemicalmethods,difWiththesupportoftheEULIFEprogramme,severalalternativesforweedcontrolinnewimpact.onfarmlandwhichwasusedintensivelyinthepast.ofgenebanksasmajorissue.treespeciesintheshortterm(e.g.,lime,birch).isonfindingalternatives.maindiseasesaffectingpoplar,willow,wildcherryandcommonash. chapterIII.5–144
GameManagementandInlandFisheries
Echinococcus multilocularis
chapterIII.5–145
healthrisks(theprevalenceofthedangerousintestinalparasiticworm,cern,inparticular,withregardtothedamagetogameandpoultry,andthepossibilityofpubliclasttenyears,intermsofbothareaanddensity,appearstobeasubjectofpermanentsocialcon-inFlanderscanalsobeviewedinthiscontext.ThegeneralincreaseinthefoxpopulationintheTheresearchonthedynamicsofthefoxpopulationandtheecologyandpresenceofmustelidslifepopulations,sothatpolicy,managementorscientificresearchcanbeoriented,ifnecessary.gameinventoriesandgamebags.Thisresultsindatabaseswhichrevealpossibletrendsinwild-TheInstitutesupportsgamemanagementunitsbydrawinguptheirgamemanagementplans,engineering)statistics)andfisherycommissions(restocking,jointusewithrecreationalfacilities,ecologicalcontext,thescientificsupportofgamemanagementunits(gamemanagementplan,huntingOneoftheprioritiesinthepolicyonhuntingandriverfishingistousenaturewisely.Inthisenvironmentondlyimportantasaprovisionforthepublic,inlandfisheryandhuntingareconcernedwiththeAsforestsare,firstandforemost,partofthenaturalresourcesoftheenvironment,andonlysecfromthepointofviewoftheuser.isessential.Theresearchontheimpactofpestcontrolisalsoapriority.
ingoftheinformation.Additionalresearchisbeingcarriedouttoplanandevaluatefishinteractivedatabase(http://vismigratie.instnat.be)shouldfacilitatethedistributionandupdatAninventoryofthefishmigrationbarriersinhighprioritywatercoursesisnearcompletion.Anrisksronment.Furthermore,thesebio-accumulationstudiesprovidedinformationaboutpossibletored.ThisisareliablemethodofindicatingthestatusofthesepollutantsintheaquaticenviThebio-accumulationofpersistenttoxicpollutantsinfish,especiallyineels,isbeingmoniinvestigated.brackishwaterzonesarecurrentlybeingdrawnup,whilepossibleseasonaleffectsarebeingzones).Threeindexeshavealreadybeendeveloped,andindexesforthetrout,graylingandtype(stagnantwatersandrunningwatersinbarbel,bream,trout,graylingandbrackishwaterVLINA.TheIBImethodologyandtheselectedmeasurementsdiffer,dependingonthewaterIntegrity-IBI)hasbeendrawnupinthecontextofaninternationalEULifeprogrammeandenvironmentalqualityofwaterecosystems.Amodelofafish-basedindex(IndexofBioticratesallthefishpopulationdata.Fishstockcharacteristicsareusedasindicatorsforthegeneralstocks,thespreadofnon-endemicspecies,etc.).Adatabaseisbeingdevelopedwhichincorpopopulationsisbeingintensivelymonitored(e.g.,thestatusoffishspecies,changesinfishWithintheGameManagementDivisionoftheInlandFisheriessection,theevolutionoffishinterests.transportinfrastructure.Inaddition,ascarnivores,theirinterestsconflictwithman’sownspeciesgroupsinrelationtothefragmentationofthehabitatandtheecologicalaspectsofthe).Mustelidsareconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportantindicatorsandtargettohumanhealthoftheconsumptionoffreshwaterfish.
fourofdredgingdeposits,theirpollutionlevelandspreadofheavymetalswillcontinueforanotherInchargeoftheWaterwaysandMarineAffairsAdministration,thedrawingupofaninventoryfuturetantadvisoryrolewithregardtotheforestrycomponent,aswellonthenewproposalsforFortheimplementationoftheEuropeanHabitatandBirdDirective,theIFGplaysanimporpracticaltheaspectsthatcanbecontrolledbymanagement,andwillformulateanumberofrelevantrecommendations.areasandonthedevelopmentofglobalmanagementperspectivesforexistingareas.years.
talIncooperationwiththeForestsandGreenAreasDivision,theinstitutemanagesanexperimenpopulations.passages,spawningplacesforfish,andecologicallysoundriverbanks,inordertorestorefishfishculturecentretobreedfishforrestockinginFlemishpublicwaters. Publicawarenessofresearch availableresearchtocreatepublicawarenessofscientificresearch.In2001,supplementaryfundsaretiontoanefficientandaccessiblelibrary,itisnecessarytopublicisetheprogressandresultsofmanentconcern.AnoperationalcommunicationunitwithintheInstituteisessential.InaddiCommunicationwithpolicymakers,localmanagersandthegeneralpublicaremattersofpertostrengthenthiscommunication. Internationalcooperation TheimplementationoftheseresolutionsiscoordinatedbytheForestsandGreenAreasDivi2.Thefollow-upoftheMinisterialConferencesontheProtectionofForestsinEuropeand1.Post-Rioprocess:e.g.,the“ForestConvention”andtheIntergovernmentalPanelonFor-Forestimplementinginternationalagenda.FlanderswillcontributetoachievingtherecommendeddecisionsandTheenvironment,natureandconsequentlytheforestpolicy,areincreasinglyimportantonthetheobligationsimposedataninternationallevel.policyfrequentlyappearsontheinternationalagenda:estswiththemessuchas:1.1ThecertificationofForestProductsandInternationalTrade.1.2CriteriaandIndicatorsforSustainableForestManagement.theirresolutions:2.1Strasbourg(1990):monitoringnetwork,conservationofforestgeneticresources,data-baseonforestattacks,treephysiologyandforestecosystems.2.2Helsinki(1993):sustainableforestmanagement,maintainingbiodiversity,cooperationwithEasternEurope,thestrategyoflong-termadaptationofforeststoclimatechanges.2.3Inimplementingthisthirdresolution,acooperationprotocolwassignedon23/8/96withtheForestsCommitteeoftheCouncilofMinistersofBulgariaandproposalswereformulatedinthecontextofthebilateralcooperationprogrammesbetweenFlandersandsomeEastEuropeanCountries.2.4Lisbon(1998):thesocio-economicaspectsofsustainableforestmanagement,pan-Europeancriteria,indicatorsandguidelinesforsustainableforestmanagement.sionandtheInstituteforForestryandGameManagement.Inadditiontoimplementingtheresolutions,theInstituteparticipatesininternationalresearchprogrammesinthecontextoftheFifthFramework,Life,COST.In2001,theInstituteisparticipatinginthefollowingEUprojects:•EUROPOP:thisprojectinvestigatesthegeneticdiversityofEuropeanblackpoplarandaimstoformulatemanagementrecommendations.•PAMUCEAF:researchintothepossibilitiesandattitudesofdifferentsectorstotheafforestationofagriculturallandwithpoplars.•EUROPEANELMGENETICRESOURCES:conservation,characterisationandscreeningofnativeelmsforresistancetoDutchElmdisease. chapterIII.5–146
• In2001,anEUFifthFrameworkprojectstarted,entitled“Improving Fraxinus improvedductivityforEuropeanneedsbythetesting,selection,propagationandpromotionof(Ash)progeneticresources.” • TheableThetotalfundsforsciencepolicyamountto0.69millionEUR,ofwhich0.22millionisavailancewithprotectionofbirdsandfreshwaterfisheriesinFlandersandinaninternationalcontext,inaccordentedstudiesandmodelprojectsinthefieldofforestry,greenareas,gamemanagement,theBA12.63Forestsurveys,aforestinventoryandavarietyofexpenditurerelatedtopolicy-oriEEL]’,involving11partners.Theaimoftheprojectistoestablishaninternationallycoordi‘ManagementoftheEuropeaneel:Establishmentofarecruitmentmonitoringsystem[GLASSIntheGameManagementDivision,theInstituteparticipatesinanEUConcertedAction,establishment,whichisaimedattheexchangeofinformationandcooperationonplanning,selectionandTheInstitutealsoactivelyparticipatesintheCOSTactionE12,“UrbanForestsandTrees”,herbicidesResearchhasbeencarriedoutsince1998withEULifeFundsintoalternativestotheuseofinafforestationandurbanforestry.andthemanagementofurbanforestsandtreesataEuropeanlevel.natednetworkforincreasingthenumbersofEuropeanEel.Thiscomprisestheselectionofmeasurementstations,themethodologyofmonitoring,dataprocessingandreports,therelationshipwithnationalpolicyandananalysisofcostsandreturns.BA12.46Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtourgentstudiesforcurrentforestresearcharisingfrominternationalagreementsrelated,interalia,togamemanagement,studiesonforestvitality,soilacidification,theimprovementofforesttrees0.39millionEURisavailableasfundingtosupportthelong-termresearchstrategy,withthefollowingemphases:•theforestsoilmonitoringnetworktoimplementtheEUregulationsandUNactionprogrammes;•researchintowoodtechnologytoimplementtheInstitute’stasks,withaspecialfocusonecologicallyvaluabletreespeciesandwoodasarenewableresource;•theanalysisofpollutantsbyaccreditedlaboratories(heavymetals,PCBs,dioxins)infresh-waterfish,aswellthelevelofpollutionofinlandwatersandtheirsoil,assessingtherisksforhumanconsumption;•similarresearchisplannedintothespreadandaccumulationofpollutantsinpredators,usingFoxandMustelidsasmodelspecies.internationaltreatiesandotherobligationsforresearch.ForestsandGreenAreasDivisionofAMINALhassubmittedthreeresearchprojects:•determiningthevalueofparks-anevaluationofthefunctionsofparksintermsofeconomics;•greenareasandwaterinresidentialareas.TheroleoftheGreenroof;•watersamplesforthe2001forestsoilmeasurementnetwork. chapterIII.5–147
Programme 61.4Land management ThisApproximatelyBAbyTheavailablebudgetisvirtuallyentirelytakenuptocarryouttworesearchprojectssubmittedasdangertotheenvironmentisimportantforthesustainabledevelopmentofruralareas,aswellThepermanentmonitoringoftheproblemsrelatedtosubstancesandnutrientswhicharealowernicationexpendituremeansthatthebudgetforpolicypreparationandevaluationstudiesisTheavailablefundsforBA12.33amountto0.14millionEUR.Aseparatebudgetforcommu-turalBA12.33Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtoresearchonlandconsolidation,landuse,agricul-thetheenvironmentaleffectreports.Theentireprojectisinaccordancewiththeimplementationofbletotakingonadditionalstaff.Independentacknowledgedexpertshavetobeconsultedforthemselves,becauseofthelackofadditionalpersonnel.Contractingouttheresearchispreferacialisedstudybureausandexperts.TheadministrationandtheVLMcannotundertakethisbydationprojects.Thisisusedasabasisfordecisionmaking.ThetasksarecontractedouttospeTheexpenditureresultsfromaproject-basedidentificationofthesocialeffectsoflandconsolitenalsofortheenvironmentaleffectreportitself.Itisnecessarytomonitorthelandforaperiodofplanmustfirstbedrawnup.Anextensiveinventoryoftheprojectareaisnecessaryforthis,andFlanders.Inordertobeabletodrawupanenvironmentaleffectreport,alandconsolidationincurredbytheresearchanditsimplementationareoperationalcostsoftheGovernmentofconsolidationisbeingcarriedoutontheinitiativeoftheFlemishRegion.Theexpenditure0.5millionEURisallocatedtothisBAforsciencepolicy.Researchintotheusefulnessoflandingprojects(drawinguplandconsolidationplansandenvironmentaleffectreports)andmonitorBA12.20Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtoresearchintotheusefulnessoflandconsolidationtheecologicalvalueoflandconsolidationprojectsyearstodeterminetheecologicaleffectsofthelandconsolidation.Actof22July1970onlandconsolidation.managementandsoilpolicythanin2000.monitoringotherissueswhicharerelevanttothesoilpolicy.theLandDivisionofAMINAL:•apesticidedatabank;•newsoilaftertheextractionofsurfaceminerals.61.41GrantforthePublicLandAgencyofFlanders0.13millionofthetotalcreditof0.90millionEURisallocatedtoresearch.takestheformofshort-termprojectsinthecontextoflandconsolidationandlanduse. Programme 61.5Water management BA 12.59 Applied scientific research into surface water, groundwater and drinking preparationwater.ThiscreditisusedbytheWaterDivisionofAMINALforthreestudiesinsupportofthe0.26millionEURisallocatedforappliedresearchintosurface,groundwateranddrinkingwaterofpolicyinitiativesrelatedtowatermanagement:•geo-chemicalresearchandmodelling:evolutionandprognosesconcerningthegroundwaterqualityintheSokkel; chapterIII.5–148
• improvingtheinventorymethodologyforgoodqualitydataonsurfacewaterandgroundwaterintheareaoftheZenne; • SitesOA62measurementestablishingagroundwaterqualitymeasurementnetworkbasedonexistingpiezometricnetworks.TownandCountryPlanning,Housing,MonumentsandAdministration(AROHM) Programme 62.1Town and country planning, urban development and land policy BA 12.32A variety of research and studies related to town and country designatedAcreditof2.71millionEURisavailableforthisBAforsciencepolicy,ofwhich2.17millioniswhichinFlanderstoloweradministrativelevelsandothersectorsalsorequirespreparatoryresearch,ImprovingthetransferoftheprinciplesoftheStructuralPlanforTownandCountryPlanningbecausesationandmanagement.Thisrequiresthoroughpriorresearch,whichisalsocontractedoutfortheexecutionfortownandcountryplanning,whichcancontainregulationsonuse,organi-Afterthenewdecreeenteredintoeffecton1May2000,theRegionofFlandersdrewupplansInaddition,theevaluationoftheStructuralPlaniscarriedoutbyacompetentexternalbureau.authoritiescoordination,monitoringthecontent,andthedialoguewiththesectorsconcernedandthetheAROHM,andwillthereforehavetobecontractedout.TheAROHMisresponsibleforthelabour-intensiveresearch.Theday-to-dayexecutionofthiscannotbeincludedinthetasksoftheStructuralPlanforTownandCountryPlanningrequiresagreatdealofpreparatoryandnaturalstructure,defininggateways,etc.).Theoperationalisationofthebindingprovisionsofcommissioningstudies(processesofoutliningurbanareas,andareaswithanagriculturalandFlandersshouldbecarriedoutatanacceleratedrate,whichrequiresanincreasedbudgetforThegovernmentmanifestostatesthattheStructuralPlanforTownandCountryPlanninginplanningatthelowerlevel.ofitsscope.willagainbecontractedoutbyAROHM.forresearchinsupportofpolicy. Programme 62.2Monuments and sites BA 41.01Grant for the Institute for the Archaeological Heritage usedadoptamorestructuralapproachtothisheritagemanagement.TheadditionalfundsaremainlyTheIAPisnowinabetterposition,followingtheexampleoftheneighbouringcountries,tologicalpolicyrelatedtodrawingupaninventory,andthemanagementandprotectionofthearchaeotheRegionofFlanders.ThisFlemishinstituteisresponsibleforpreparingandcarryingoutthetoprotectthearchaeologicalheritageandfosterthelinkswithscientificresearchatthelevelofWiththeincreaseofitsgrantin2000(1.57millionEUR),theIAPcouldstrengthenitsmission(IAP)heritageintheRegionofFlanders,andisalsochargedwithresearchinthisfield.togivehigherprioritytothemanagementaspectsofits missions theimplementationofitsarchaeologicalheritagetask,mainlywiththecontinuationofmentwiththeotherpartiesinvolvedinthearchaeologicalfield.Meanwhile,theIAPsupportedthoroughpreparation,thecreationofadatabankandtheconclusionofacooperationagreetory”.ThefirstinventoryteamwasstartedupinOctober2000.ThiswasdonefollowingaInthefuture,themanagementtaskwillmainlybebasedonthe“CentralArcheologicalInven adhoc inventoriesandtheapplicationofArt.5oftheDecreeof30June1993regardingthe chapterIII.5–149
videsabetterbasisforenforcingtheconservationandprotectionofthearchaeologicalheritage.Inspiteoftheneedforimprovement,thisarticlepro rescue
restrictedthepotentialforincreasingourknowledgeofthepast.However,large-scaleresearchisvalueoftheinformationwhichisindangerofbeinglostbytheplannedwork–inadditiontoTheselectionofresearchprojectswhichrequiremoretimeandfundsismainlybasedonthetionspolicyandsupervisionledtoabout250interventionsbyIAPstaff.Atleast40oftheseintervensitescarriedoutbyaprovincial,urbanormunicipalservice(wheretheyexist!),thisadvisoryadvisedbytheIAP.InadditiontothepreliminaryinquiriesandthesupervisionofbuildingDuringthecourseof2000,approximately4,000buildingapplicationsweredealtwithandofthreatenedarchaeologicalsites.ledtopositiveresults,requiringresearchforatleastaweek.toveryfewlocations.Afewexamplesaregivenbelow:•TheProvinceofAntwerp:housingprojectsatHoveprovidedanopportunityforlarge-scalestudiesofIronAgetoearlyandlatemedievalsettlements,whilebuildingactivitiesinMechelencitycentreproducedimportantinformationaboutthelivingconditionsofthenobilityandtheclergy,
• evalThishasledtochangesinourknowledgeofthedevelopmentfromtheRomantothemedi-manynewinsightsintothedevelopmentofthisbuildingfromthe5thcenturyuptonow.stage1oftheexcavationinthebasilica,carriedoutaspartoftherestorationworks,providedTheProvinceofLimburg:theworkwasmainlyfocusedontheRomancityofTongeren:city.
Rekem.AFedermesserCamp ontheMeuseRiverBank”,waspublishedincollaborationwiththeCatholicUniversityof aroundtheprojectsTheIAPfocuseditsactivitiesonpresentingthearchaeologicalheritagetothepublic,mainlyLeuven. Ename974
intramuros
ArcheologieinVlaanderen
• ruralinterventionstookplacemainlyinurbancontext(Aalst,Ninove,Oudenaarde,Ronse).OnresearchcarriedoutaspartoftherestorationworkontheSint-Laurentiuschurch.SmalleralthoughtheemphasishasnowmovedfromthegatewayandabbeyareatothepreventiveTheProvinceofEastFlanders:Enameremainsthemostimportantresearchproject,sites,themainresearchbyaprovincialprojectteamwasfocusedonrescuework.
“goldentreasureofBeringenandCastleDiepesteynatSteenhuffel,whichwillbepublishedinimportant.Yet,particularmentionismadehereofthecompletionofpublicationsontheCelticregardtoscientificprocessingandpublicationoftheexcavationsthatarecarriedoutisquiteBecauseofthehighdemandsonresearchfocusedonrescuework,thebacklogoftheIAPwithriseThisappearstobeasettlementoftheearlieststageintheresettlementofthepolders,givingBlankenberge-Uitkerkearenewandpromising(thereresultedfrompreventiveresearch).Zeebrugge,deserveaspecialmention.Thediscoveriesataplannedindustrialparkinfinancedbyabuildingcontractor,suchasthoseintheharbourareasofOstendandfishingvillageofWalraversijde,whicharestillimportantsites.Thestudieswhicharelargelyavarietyofsites,includingthelong-termresearchintheCityofIeperandthelatemedievalTheProvinceofWestFlanders.Therewasagreatdealofresearchfocusedonrescueworkattothestartofnewlarge-scale(andlong-term!)research. RaversijdeandTienen).Meanwhile,anextensivemonographon“”,togetherwithabout10othercontributions(interalia,concerning (withtheuseofmoderntechnologiesandthedevelopmentof
•
• lithicextremelyinterestingdiscoveriesofaRomantownanditscemetery,includingolder(NeoTheProvinceofFlemishBrabant:Tienenremainsthemostimportantsiteforresearch,withandIronAge)andmorerecent(medieval)settlements.
chapterIII.5–150
newpresentationmethods)and Walraversijde fourlanguages):visitors’centrewithamuseumandarchaeologicalpark,andthejointpublicationofabook(inmentsofEastandWestFlandersrespectively.AtRaversijde,thisledtotheopeningofanew,incollaborationwiththeprovincialgovern theNorthSeacoastWalraversijde1465.Theheydayofafishingvillagesituatedonthesouthernpartof TheimplementationofthePolicyNoteitsWithanotherincreaseinitsgrantfor2001(2.18millionEUR),theIAPwillbeabletoachieveindesignoftheStedelijkMuseum,HetToreke,inTienen,andthenewmuseum,BrusselsePoort,.Therewerealsosmallerscaleactivities,suchasthecollaborationonthenewMechelen.objectivesmorereadily:•itscontinuedexpansionasacoordinatinginstituteoftheRegionofFlanders;•strenghteningthescientificresearchbytheIAPinsupportofthemanagementandprotectionofthearcheologicalheritage;•supportingandmonitoringinitiativesonmanagementandresearchatanotherlevel,provinces,citiesandmunicipalities,organisations;•implementingtheConventionofMalta;•specialeffortstocatchupwithtaskswhichcouldnotbecarriedoutinthepastbecauseofalackoffundsandpersonnel. 2000-2004Monuments,SitesandArchaeology ousupdatingofthetheMinisterofFlanders,JohanSauwens,especiallyconcernsthescientificsupportforcontinu-of CentralArchaeologicalInventory preventiveresearchandrescueexcavations,linkedtopassivemanagementmeasuresandpowthreatenedarchaeologicalsites.Thisisdonebymonitoringbuildingsites,rescueinterventions,IAPhastopursueandintensifyitseffortsinthefieldofactivemanagementandresearchintoHowever,theseextraeffortstodrawupinventoriesandprotectsitesmaystillmeanthattheprotectionextremelyvulnerableorthreatenedelementsofthearchaeologicalheritage(aspartofthetaskoftives.Theseareaimedatdetecting,identifying,definingandevaluatingespeciallyvaluableorbyaprojectteam,togetherwithaprojectforstarterjobs,andwillbelinkedtothematicinitia-forthestructuralmanagementofthearchaeologicalheritage.Thisinventoryworkiscarriedout,asanindispensable(working)instrumentandresearch)suchas:•latepaleolithicandmesolithiccampsontheremainsof(late)glacialandHolocenesandridgesandsanddunesintheKempen;•urnfieldsfromtheBronzeAgeandIronAge;•smallGallo-Romantowns;•medievalmotteandbaileycastles,etc.erstoadviseonbuildingapplications.AsthenumberofrescueoperationswhicharenecessaryfarexceedthecapacityoftheIAP(ineveryprovince),thecollaborationwithotherpartiesinvolvedinthefieldshouldbeintensified-anditsmanagementandresearcheffortsshouldbemorefirmlyandefficientlysupportedbyprovinces,municipalitiesanduniversities,etc.Inordertoensureacoordinatedandhighqualityapproachtoarchaeologicalmonuments,themanagementofthearchaeologicalresourcesrequirespermanentscientificsupport.Thereforemoretimeandattentionshouldbedevotedtotheprocessing,studyandpublicationoftheexcavationresults.ThecontinuedexpansionofthenaturalscienceteamintheIAPisapositivedevelopment.ThismakesitpossibletoincreasethescientificsupportoftheIAP’sownresearch,aswellastheresearchbyotherinstitutesandservices.Attemptsaremadetofollowtheinteractionbetweenmanandfauna,flora,soilandgeologicalsubstratathroughtime.Thisisachievedbyanalysinganimalandplantremains,byobservingsoilphenomenaandbystudyinghumanremains. chapterIII.5–151
entificresearchersofinstitutesinBelgiumandabroad.Thecloseintegrationofarchaeologicalandsci-relatedtobothculturalandecologicalarchaeology-theIAPhasextendeditscollaborationwithForothercategoriesoforganicmaterialandformethodologicalresearchindifferentfields,TongerenurbancemeteryinVeurne,andonthecrematedbonematerialoftheRomancemeteriesofmainlyconcentratedontheskeletonsfromtheO.L.V.-BasilicainTongeren,onamedievalfessionsoruniquehistoricalevents,lifeexpectancyandqualityoflife).Thisresearchisnowhealthanddemographyasaspectsofthepast(thespreadofdiseases,pathologiesrelatedtoprokind.ThebiologicalresearchintoremainsofexcavatedhumanbeingsshedslightonpublicAnthropologicalresearchhasaveryspecialplaceinarchaeology,becauseitfocusesonman(nearinterestinthefindingsoftheurbancentresofAalstandMechelen,andtheabbeysofEnameRomancityofTongerenandlatemedievalRaversijde(Ostend).ThereisalsoagreatdealofIn2001,theresearchofanimalandplantremainsfocusedontheextensivecollectionsfromthebiotopes,discussiononprocessessuchasover-exploitation,erosion,pollution,disturbanceofnaturalreconstructionsofearlierhumanandnaturalenvironmentsandtheirevolution.Theseleadtoaecologicalapproach.Onthebasisofresearchintoorganicremains,archaeologistscanmakereconstructsthechangesinlanduse.Thiseconomicapproachshouldbecomplementedbyantus.Plantremainsshedlightonearlyagricultureandthetradeinherbsandspices.Soilresearchinformationonhunting,fishingandlivestockbreedingpatterns,tradestrategiesandsocialstaThisresearchismorespecificallyfocusedoneconomicissues,whereanimalremainsprovidehumanmodellingoflandscapesandshiftsinfloraandfauna.Oudenaarde)andNinove.andOudenburg.researchhasledtoagrowinginternationalacknowledgementandapproval. Programme 62.4Housing BA 12.04Expenditure for research and monitoring in the housing policy Datacanbecollectedwithacoordinatedprogramme.ThismeansthatthefundsforthehousThespecificthatthedatarelevanttopolicyarealwaysavailablewithintheadministration.TheanalysisofPriorityisgiventodatacollectionatasufficientbasiclevel(statisticsonaparticulardistrict),solong-termprogrammeforresearchanddatacollectiononthebasisofthepolicymemorandum.withfilesandforthemoregeneralindicatorsarecrucialforboth.Theadministrationdrewupapolicyshouldbeavailableforevaluationandmodification.Thecollectionofbasicdatadealingwhichthegovernmentwishestoadopt.Ontheotherhand,informationontheeffectsoftheOntheonehand,thereisaneedforapolicysupportingresearch,inrelationtotheinitiativesFund),Thecreditsforscientificresearchintohousing,previouslyallocatedtoBA01.90(HousingfieldarenowallocatedtoaseparateBA,12.04.datacanbeorganisedinternally,ifenoughpersonnelareavailable.followingtopicswerechosenforresearchandmonitoringinthelong-termplan:•aninventoryofthehousingqualityinsocialhousing;•sustainablehousingprojectsatalocallevelprovidingreasonablehousing;•thequalityoftheFlemishhousing;•permanentresearchintothehousingneedsinFlanders;•permanentresearchintothehousingrequirementsinFlanders;•evaluationofthepolicyinstruments.ingpolicyarespentinajustifiedway.Thedataonhousingqualityandvacanciesatadistrict chapterIII.5–152
OAhousingFurthermore,astudyrelatedtothehousingprogrammecouldimprovethecoordinationoftheFlanders,socialhousingpolicy.TheresearchunitwilldeterminetheobjectivesandimplementtheGIS-statisticspolicy.Itcanalsoserveasafocusforthecollectionofdataforthoseresponsiblefortheallowsforamoresystematiccoordinationofthecollecteddata,builtupaspartoftheFlemishThedevelopmentofascientificresearchunitintheadministrationandthehousingdatabankgetingneedsconcerntheavailablehousing,aswellasthehousingrequirementsofthedifferenttarlevelareessential,ontheonehand,anddataandhousingneeds,ontheotherhand.Thehousgroups(theelderly,single-parentfamilies,etc.).byapplyingandpromotingtherecommendationsonstandards.research,bybringingthedifferentresearchteamsandresearchcentrestogether.63RoadsandTrafficAdministration Programme 63.2Municipal transport mostThequalityoftheproductsproducedatthedifferentstagesoftheplanningprocessisoneofthecommissionThequalityoftheorientationmemorandumandthepolicyplanaremonitoredbyanaudittationmemorandumandthemobilityplan,withamaximumof0.17millionEURperproject.tion,repayingtwothirdsofthestudycostsincurredbymunicipalitiesfordrawinguptheorien-administrationitselfdoesnotdrawupanymobilityplans.Itdoesprovideafinancialcontribu-drawingupanorientationmemorandum,asynthesismemorandumandapolicyplan.TheThecreditscoverthestudycostsfordrawinguptheMobilityPlan.Therearethreestages:creditTheformerBA31.07wasdividedandthecreditsforresearchwereallocatedtoBA43.10.ThecovenantBA43.10Subsidiesformunicipalitiesinthecontextofthesubsidiaryact1oftheMobilityof0.63millionEURiswhollyallocatedtoresearch.attheprovinciallevel.importantconditionsforsubsidisingstrategicplanningactivities. Programme 63.4General infrastructure and traffic policy ApproximatelyhalfofitisspentonresearchonbehaviourrelatedtomobilityinFlanders.0.22millionEURofthetotalcreditof0.48millionEURisusedforpolicy-orientedresearch.ityingupandexecutingindustrialtransportplans,includingstudiesandsurveysrelatedtomobilBA12.23Expenditurewithregardtomobilitystudiesandforthesupervisionrelatedtodrawrequirementsandstudiesrelatedtoorganisation,managementetc. De facto, in 2001 the data on the city of Ghent and on Flanders as a whole will be analysed. chapterIII.5–153
• ofcarryingoutspecificresearchforpreparingorsupportingthepolicyandtheimplementationpolicy,whetherornotthisisincollaborationwiththeacademicorindustrialworld;
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• andsufficient,aswellasadvisingtheauthoritiesandotherparties–togetherwiththeacademicadvisingtheauthoritiesandindustryaboutproblemsforwhichabroadknowledgeisnotindustrialworld-onthebasisoftheavailableexpertise;
OA 64 Waterways and Marine Affairs Administration (AWZ) Programme 64.2Ports TheonThePilotageServicehasbeenoperationalsince1January2001,andconsequentlythestudiesprovementoftheadministrationisalsobeingexamined,inordertohaveacoherentportpolicy.shouldresultintheimprovementofworksinports,andworksformaritimeaccess.TheimThiscreditisincludedintheprogrammeon“ports”,withtheaimofconductingstudies,whichapilotageandthereorganisationofthewaterwaysandMarineAffairsAdministration,includingBA12.21Studiesandresearchrelatedtoportissuesconcerningthetransferofpolyvalentvarietyofexpenditurearisingfrominternationalcontactspilotageweretransferredtothisservice.contentofthisBAwillbemodifiedinthenextbudgetcontrol. Programme 64.4General infrastructure and shipping policy BAs12.01,12.90,and74.04TheHydraulicLaboratoryandHydrologicalResearchDivision Mission policysystemsinacomplete,scientificallyreliableandhighqualitymanner.Thisservestosupportthelics”-aimstoprovideexperience,knowledge-relatedproductsandadviceinthefieldofwaterTheHydraulicLaboratoryandHydrologicalResearch(WLH)Division-“FlandersHydrau-oftheGovernmentofFlanders. Keyactivities • nauticalauthoritiesinthefieldofwater-relateddisciplines:hydrodynamics,hydraulics,morphology,theidentificationoftheexpertiseandknowledge-relatedproductsandrequirementsofthestudiesandwater-basedecology; • mentgratedresearchforthedevelopmentofahydraulicinfrastructure,andfortheoptimalassessthecollection,managementandexploitationofthenecessarybasicdata,toallowforinteoftheeffectsofinterventionsoreventsinandaroundwater; • know-howthepermanentdevelopment,maintenance,expansionanddocumentationofthenecessaryandinfrastructure;
• industry;andphysicalfacilities)forthepurposesofscientificresearch,fortheauthoritiesandfortheprovideandmaintaintheavailableexpertiseandknowledge-relatedproducts(applications
• Thecontentisdeterminedbytherequirementsofthepolicymakers,studies.TheWLHDivisionthereforewhollyorpartlycarriesouttasksorcontractsoutresearchandtiestheactivetransferoftheavailableexpertiseandknowledge-relatedproductstotheauthoriandindustry.
incasu supportforthedesign,planning,implementationandmonitoringofprojectsinthefieldofMinister,andbythepolicyimplementingdivisions(mainlytheAWZ),whichneedscientificalsothecompetent
1.toachieveasociallyandeconomicallyacceptablesafetylevelforfloods,relatedtothesurtributeTheWLHDivisionhasstrategicobjectivesand,inaccordancewithitsmission,ittriestoconadministrationsDivisionsupportstheAWZ,butitalsomakesitsexpertiseandinfrastructureavailabletootherwater-relatedinfrastructure,dredgingoperations,nauticalmatters,etc.Essentially,theWLHorVOIs,scientificinstitutes,andeventhirdparties.tothesolutionofthefollowingkeysocialissues:roundingfactorsandtheobjective;toimprove safetyinthecaseoffloods 2.toplayastrategicroleinthe(seeWorks,describedinthePolicyMemorandum:“MobilityandPublicWorks”,2000-2001level.ItconcernsastrategicobjectiveoftheMinisterofFlandersforMobilityandPublictherisksattachedtohighwaterlevels,extremerainfall,highsealevelsandtheriseintheseaandtoreducepoint2.6.6onp.32); efficientmanagementofthefreshwaterreserves inFlanders, to avoid the problems of dehydration and water shortages; 3.to contribute to betterinvestmentsbythegovernment: by cooperating in developing a carefully planned hydraulic 4.tocontributetoan–bybuildingupknow-howofthehydraulicsystems,sothatmaintenance,dredgingcostshydraulicbycarryingoutresearchintooptimalsafetyandtheoperationalsafetyofexistingandnewinfrastructure;infrastructure;andenvironmentalnuisancecanbereduced; improvementoftheenvironment andasignificantincreaseofthe biodiversity, by intervening at the planning phase and monitoring ecological engineering; 5.tocooperatewiththedevelopmentandimplementationofavisionon multifunctional waterways andanchoringinthezoningplans.Thisisdonebyexaminingspecificcharacteristics of the water 6.tocontributetothesystem;safeandoptimaluseofthewaterways asamethodoftransportfor maritime shipping and inland navigation. Programme 64.5Marine affairs itsthesestudiescontributetooptimalisingtheoperationoftheadministration,anddeterminingFleetDivision,andtheintroductionofanalyticalaccountancyinthatdepartment.Inprinciple,accountancyinthePilotageAuthority,researchintoworkingwithcontractmanagementintheoptimalorganisationalstructureoftheMarineAffairsDivision,theintroductionofeconomicafunctionally-structuredorganisation.TheprojectsfundedbythisbasicallocationconcerntheTheMarineAffairssector,includedinProgramme64.50,wasreorganisedfromaterritorialtoingtheestablishmentoftheFlemishpublicpilotageauthority,includingthepaymentsandoperatBA12.22ExpenditurewithregardtoreorganisationstudiesoftheMarineAffairssectorandcostsoftheprojectkeytasksintheMarineAffairssector. chapterIII.5–155
chapterIII.5–156
chapterIII.5–157
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OA69 ServicesoftheSecretaryGeneral Programme 69.9General expenditure 0.99lishmentfinancialadviceshouldalsobeobtainedfortheestab-byafinancingcompany,amongstothers.Legalandtoredbyamanagementcompanyandwillbefundedexecutionoftheseinfrastructuralworksshallbemoni-effectsontrafficdensitiesmustbestudied.Finally,theresearchisneededforthis.Fortollcollection,theshipandtollcollection.Financial,fiscalandlegalalternativefundingmethods,public-privatepartnermadeforthenecessarylicenses.Theseworksrequireplanningmustbeassessed,andanapplicationmustbeworksontheenvironmentandontownandcountrytechnicalconstructionstudies.Thentheimpactofthecanbemadeonimplementingit.First,therearethetion.However,alotofresearchisneededbeforeastartorityinfrastructureprojectswhichcanprovideasoluproblemsintheAntwerpregion.ThiscontainsthepriAMasterplanwasdrawnuptosolvethemobilityregionpanyforsolvingthemobilityproblemsintheAntwerpandthecostsoftheestablishmentofasubsidiarycomBA12.29Expenditurerelatedtopreparatorystudiesofthesecompanies.millionEURisallocatedtothisBA. Programme VIF 69.00 telematics,influenceofe-commerceonmobility,vehicleresearchtopicsarevaried-suchastheresearchintothe(3.46millionEUR)willbespentonresearch.TheApproximately1.74millionEURofthetotalcreditingtheexpenditureonadvicefordrawingupandexecutportandmobility:studiesandpilotprojects,aswellasBA12.30Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotransindustrialtransportplanningresearchintobusiness-relatedtraffic,etc. chapterIII.5–160
7.SCIENCE, INNOVATION AND MEDIA DEPARTMENT OA 72 Media Administration Programme 72.1Media and film BA 12.01A variety of expenditure for media, media innovation and newinsights.Atthesametime,theybroadcastdailyinformationonscientific,technical,indusimportantroleinbroadcastingscientificandtechnologicalknowledge,andintheacceptanceofgreatdealofattentiontoscienceinformationandcommunication.Afterall,themediaplayanManagementAgreementfor1997-2001withtheFlemishCommunity),theVRTdevotesaisforthesciencepolicy.Inthecontextofthebroadcastingcompany’sinformationtask(cf.theThebasicgrantfortheVRTfor2001amountsto189.76millionEUR,ofwhich3.80millionBAIn(SWOT-AnalysisofFlanderswithregardtoICT,developmentofFlemishinternetstatistics).For2001,somespecificprojectsareplannedwhicharepartoftheFlandersDigitalActionPlanThescienceAcreditof0.34millionEURisprovidedforthisBAfor2000.Ofthis,50%willbespentonfilmpolicy.strategicobjectivesthatapplyinclude:•ensuringthatFlandersrespondsaseffectivelyaspossibletotheopportunitiesprovidedbytheinformationsociety;•providingeverylevelofFlemishsocietywithanequalchanceofaccesstothebestpossiblemovementandprovisionofinformationandopportunitiestoparticipateinthis;•continuingtodevelopandexpandtheframeworkofadiversifiedandharmoniouslyfunctioningFlemishmedialandscape;•amoreeffectivedevelopmentoftheFlemishaudio-visualsector,amongstotherthings,topromotetheFlemishculturalidentityanditsinternationalreputation.addition,furtherstudiesareplannedontheFMfrequencyproblems.41.02BasicgrantfortheVRTtrialandsocialdevelopments.Thismeansthatthesecomplexissuesaremoreaccessibletothegeneralpublic.Anappreciationandcorrectevaluationoftheimportanceofresearcharealsoessentialtoprovidebroadsocialsupportfortheworkthatisdone.Afterall,innovationisnotmerelytheexclusivetaskofscientistsorbusinesses.Theirdiscoveriesbenefiteveryone-whetherthisinvolvessafervaccinesforthepreventionofdisease,thecountlessappliancesthatmakelifeeasier,orallsortsofessentialinnovationsinthefieldofenvironmentaltechnology,sothatourenvironmentismoreeffectivelysafeguardedagainstpollutionanddecay.In2001,theVRTwillalsocontinuetodisseminatescientificinformationinitsradioandtelevisionbroadcasts.Onthe radio giventheconceptofsciencecanbeinterpretedinaverybroadsense,andthatthehumansciencesarethepublic.Scienceistranslatedinapracticalwayintermsofeverydayreality.Thismeansthatprogrammemakersbasetheirprogrammesonthespecificquestionsormattersofconcernto,thesciencesarerarelydealtwithasaphenomenonintheirownright,thoughthemoreattentionthantheexactsciences. Radio1 inparticulardevotesagreatdealofattentiontothisindailyinformationprogrammes. chapterIII.5–161
Thereare,onaverage,threecontributionsperweekin VoordeDag and DeWandelgangen inculturalprogrammes,suchasProfessorsorexpertsareofteninterviewedinthestudiooronlocation.Sciencesalsocomeup Heldenmoed (forexampleintheformofabookreview)orfor a broad public: in DeZuidkant. Klara makesroomforsciencesinthedailyculturalmagazine Fresco andinanextensiveguest interview in Alinea Rondas also explores this type of Scientificitemswhichcorrespondtothegeneralprovisionoftopic.StudioBrussel areregularlydealt withinthecurrentaffairsprogramme, Republica alwaysapproachedfromadifferentperspectivebecauseofitstopicalrelevance.Thestartingpointismentaryseries,andoccasionallyalsoinotherprogrammesinwhichascientificsubjectis(popular)scientificprogrammes.Inaddition,attentionisfocusedonthesesubjectsindocuScienceandscientificsubjectsarecoveredbythetelevisionnetworksinanumberofspecific,orintipsgiveninregulardailyprogrammes.theaccessibilityofthesubjectanditscoverageforabroadandinterestedpublic. Dierenkliniek is a light-hearted TV1 programme about veterinary medicine. GrootLicht us.Inthisheartedwaythatisfun,withitsownperspectiveonthewhysandwhereforesofthingsaroundisaprogrammewhichprovidesscientificinformationforchildreninalightKetnet programme,knowledgeisnotofcentralimportance,theimportantthingis the way in which knowledge is acquired. Thescientificseries, OverLeven, isaweekly Canvas hastheweeklyprogramme,conception,development,healthandsickness,todeathorthedesireforeternallife.Canvasalsowithrecentbreakthroughsinsciencewhichareofenormoussignificanceforhumanlife,fromtothebasicproblemswhichaffectusall.Ineveryedition,qualifiedguidespresenttheviewersprogrammewhichlooksfortheanswers DeLateShift,incollaborationwiththeSERV,ontheeconomy, employment, and socio-economic subjects, tackled from a scientific point of view. Newsandcurrentaffairsprogrammes,suchas Panorama and TerZake areinterestprogrammes.Thehumansciencessuchashistory,thehistoryofartandliterarystudiestimesdiscussedintalkshows,andtheycanalsobedirectlyorindirectlytackledinhumantiontoscientificsubjectswhichareofparticulartopicalvalue.Thesesubjectsarealsosome-regularlydevoteatten-tackledinprogrammessuchas Histories and Spraakmakers. Inthespringof2000,Canvasbroadcastedanumberofcelebratedscientificseries(The HumanBody,TheHumanSexes,WalkingwithDinosaurs). tioneigndocumentariesonawiderangeoftopicsareshowninotherdocumentaryseries:exploraInaddition,highqualityforofnature,voyagesofdiscovery,etc.( HetDerdeOog,RareStreken,Zwerfroute,...). FromJanuari2001on, HetDerdeOog planstheseries “Brainstory”,exploringthelink between the brain and the personality of human andrentaffairs.TheseTTreportscanalsobeconsultedontheinternet,viz.,onthewebsitesofTV1“Environment&Science”.Fromp.180(uptotenpages),theeditorsdevoteattentiontocurSinceOctober1999,teletextwhichservesasafastnewsmediumhasincludedafixedsectiononbeings.Canvas. Technology and innovation: “e-VRT”. large-scaleextremelylowthresholdforthenewmedia.Thisservesasaguaranteeforpublice-servicesandLearning)andthe“DigitalActionPlan”,theVRTwasgivenapioneeringroleincreatingantheinformationhighway.Inadditiontoworkingontheproject“LevenslangLeren”(LifelongOneoftheaimsoftheGovernmentofFlandersistoencourageallthepeopleofFlanderstouseaccessibility,throughthedevelopmentofane-servicenetworkinFlanders. chapterIII.5–162
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ongicpartnersoralliancesaresought,withoutputtingpressurenewactivitiesinthefieldofthemedia.Inthisrespect,strateTheaimistoorganise,stimulate,monitorandadviseonallandcastingandberesponsiblefortheorganisation,stimulationwillbecomeacompetencecentreformultimediainbroadestablishedasubsidiarycompanyon18.07.2000:e-VRT.ItTheVRTtookthismissionveryseriouslyandthereforemonitoringofalle-developments.theindependentprovisionofinformation.
OA8.INTERDEPARTMENTAL99BoardofSecretaries-General Programme 99.1Interdepartmental funds ship”catedforpolicyinsupportofresearchinto“part-timeleader-2°Abudgetofapproximately0.025millionEURisallo-selectionFlemishgovernmentexaminations,ortheobjectivityofwork:researchintotheprejudiceinvolvedinthetestsforthefurtherresearchintopolicyproposalsforgettingpeopleintoTheEmancipationAffairsDivisionwantstoletcarryoutposalsforthepromotionofemploymentforimmigrants.theEmancipationOfficerwouldformulateanumberofproInthesectoralagreement,itwasagreedwiththeunionsthatmillion1°scientificresearchontheissueof“immigrants”:0.037ForaffairsBA12.40Expenditureinthecontextofemancipation2001,theEmancipationAffairsDivisionisplanning:EUR.interviews.andthe“registrationoftargetgroups”. chapterIII.5–165
Chapter – III.6 New funds for policy and new emphases in policy theThemostimportantcreditsandpolicylinesaregivenbelowforeachprogramme,indicatingThetohaveincreased(anincreaseof33.22millionEUR)astheresultofareorientationofthefundsincreasedto25.78millionEUR.Inrelativeterms,theshareoftheR&DcreditsforOA71ThecreditsforPC/KDweretransferredtotheappropriateOAEducation,andevenfurtherOApolicywerefullyimplemented.Thisisreflectedintheredistributionofthebasicallocationsofincreasedby0.03billionEUR,comparedwith2000.Atthesametime,thenewemphasesinIn2001,somedrasticchangesweremade.Inthefirstplace,thesciencebudgetfor2001wasalreadymized.Nevertheless,therewereanumberofnewemphasesinpolicyin2000,whichhaveandfindoutwheremodificationswereneeded,andwherepolicyinstrumentsshouldbeopti-Inthebudgetyear2000,thenewgovernmentinofficetookthetimetoexaminetheseincreasesforDuringthelastlegislativeperiod,thesciencebudgetincreased.Infact,everyyearthebudgetthesciencepolicy(0A71)wasactuallyincreasedby0.05billionEURnet.ledtochangesintheallocationoffundsandtothewayinwhichtheyareused.71overfourprogrammesratherthantheformerthree.research.newinitiativesandrelatedfundsforOA71are:9.49millionEUR:operationalsubsidiesfortheFlemishuniversities5.70million:FWOFlanders1.74million:HOBUFund9.92million:newinitiativesrelatedtoindustrialtechnologicalinnovation2.48millionEUR:furtherdevelopmentoftheelectronicresearchnetworkinFlanders.changesinthebasicallocationsovertheprogrammes. Programme 71.1General science policy fortheFlandersElectronicWeb(2.48million),thesubsidyforFTI(2.13million)andthesubsidyThemostimportantbudgetsareforpopularisingscienceandtechnology(intotal,4.1million),Theinitialcreditsfor2001forthebudgetprogramme71.1amountto13.05millionEUR.STV(1.94million).FTIandSTVweretransferredfromProgramme71.3. chapterIII.6–167
together4.96millionEUR).InternationalscientificcooperationwastransferredtoProgramme71.2,funded:theSupportCentresforpolicy-orientedresearchinProgramme71.4(provisionallyTheProgrammeforPolicy-orientedresearch(PBO)wasterminated.Instead,anewinitiativeistime,AnumberofbasicallocationsweretransferredtothenewProgramme71.4,andatthesameexistingactionscametoanendandnewinitiativeswereintroduced.withanumberofsmallercredits(seebelow). research carried out on the initiative of the researcher
Programme 71.3Scientific research with an economic focus million).ObviouslythisprogrammealsoprovidescreditsfortheoperationoftheIWTFlanders(7.82toralinitiativeswillbestartedup,includinganumberofcentresofexcellenceforspecificcross-secvationDecreewillundoubtedlyleadtoanincreaseinthevolumeofsubsidies.Inaddition,newmillion).Thesefundsareincreasedby9.92millionEUR.TheentryintooperationoftheInnoprojectscarriedoutontheinitiativeofbusinessesandinnovationcooperativeventures(82.73theGovernmentofFlanders(34.39million)andtheallocationauthorisationIWTFlandersforIWTFlanderstosupportactionsinvolvingtechnologicalinnovationtakenontheinitiativeof(1.29million).Inaddition,therearethetwolargebudgetitems:theallocationauthorisationvationinbusinesses.Firstofall,itconcernsthesubsidyfortheuniversityinterfaceservicesprogrammecomprisedthebasicallocationswhicharespecificallyaimedatstrengtheninginnoTheinitialcreditsfor2001forbudgetprogramme71.3amountto126.23millionEUR.Thistechnologies. chapterIII.6–168
newIMECandVITO.Ontheotherhand,theIWTspecialisationgrantsweretransferredtothethedevelopmentofthelibrariesofinstitutesofhighereducationandfortheresearchinstitutes,electronicdatabasesandotherelectronicequipment(2.03million).Thisisaimedatsupportingareactuallycreditsforbasicresearch.ThisalsoincludesthepurchaseofprimaryandsecondarylegeforManagementSciences(0.37million)wereincludedinProgramme71.2.Afterall,thesecreditsfortheBorn-BungeFoundationinAntwerp(0.15million)andtheInteruniversityCol-ScientificandTechnologicalCooperationisbeingreducedinfavouroftheBOF.ThesmallerThebudgetsarealreadytransferredtothisprogrammebecausetheProgrammeforBilateralProgramme71.2;thecreditwasreducedby3.53million,comparedwiththecreditfor2000.Thecredits(4.78millionEUR)forinternationalscientificcooperationweretransferredtoprovided2001).Infact,anadditionalcreditof5.7millionEUR(withindexation,6.92millionEUR)isof10.08million,whichisduetothetransferofthepermanentmandates(17.01millioninparedwiththeadaptedcreditsfor2000).FortheFWOFlanders,thereisanapparentreductionincreasedby22.18million,comparedwiththeinitialcreditsfor2000(by17.94million,combasicfundingoftheuniversities(9.49millionEURadditionalfunds).FortheBOF,thecreditsonbehalfofmandatesandprojects,andtheUniversityRestructuringFundtostrengthentheuniversities;83.4million)andtheFWOFlanders(80.88million),forfundingbasicresearchThemostimportantbudgetitemsinthisrespectaretheBOF(SpecialResearchFundattheTheinitialcreditsfor2001forthebudgetprogramme71.2amountto181.11millionEUR.forextramandatesandprojects.budgetprogramme71.4.
Programme 71.2Scientific
chapterIII.6–169
ProgrammeThegrantfortheIWTforthespecialisationgrants(17.10million)wastransferredfromProgrammetheKMDA(total,0.37million)andVLIZ(0.74million)institutesweretransferredfromThefundsfortheSupportCentresforpolicy-orientedresearch(4.96million),thesubsidiesforbeenincreaseof1.74millionEURforproject-basedresearchatinstitutesofhighereducationhasIWTforresearchatinstitutesofhighereducation(5.95million).From2001,aone-offIMEC,VITOandVIB(togetheraccountingfor82.53millionEUR);andthegrantforthe“Genericbasicresearchatuniversities(GBOU)”(10.14million);theresearchinstitutes,Inthefirstplace,thesearethefundstransferredfromProgramme71.3tothenewprogramme,technological,researchoronpurelyindustrialresearch.Thefundsservetosupporthighqualityscientific-programmecomprisesanumberofbasicallocationswhicharenotfocusedeitheronbasicTheinitialcreditsfor2001forProgramme71.4amountto121.8millionEUR.Thisnewgenericbasicresearchwithanindustrialorsocialfocus.astructuralpartofthebudget.71.1,seeabove.71.2,seeabove.
Programme 71.4Strategic and policy-oriented research
Chapter – III.7 Analysis of the Horizontal Budget Programmes for Science Policy 1993-2001 theGuide2000,dealingindetail,interalia,withtheperiod1996-2000.ThisparticularlycoversForthediscussionoftheevolutionofthefunds,referenceisalsomadetotheInformationTheAnotThemainoverallitemsofexpenditureareindicatedforeachofthesixclassifications.Thisdoes6.A5.Sectoral4.Scientific3.Funding2.Operation1.Non-orientedtion,ThissummaryoftheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicyprovidesacrosssecinaccordancewithsixlargeclassifications:researchattheuniversitiesofuniversitiesandsimilarinstitutesresearchanddevelopmentofnewtechnologiesforindustryinstitutes,departmentalservicesandFlemishPublicInstitutionsinitiativesandresearchandstudiesinsupportofpolicyvarietyofexpenditurerelatedtothegeneralsciencepolicyexplicitlyrevealthebasicallocations,whicharediscussedindetailselsewhere.summaryofthecreditsisalsoprovidedinrelationtotheiruseineachchapter:R&D:ResearchanddevelopmentSTET:EducationandtrainingSTS:Scientificandtechnologicalservicescreditsareshowninmillionsofeuro(EUR).newevolutionsfortheperiod2000/2001. 1.Non-oriented research at the universities ing-upmanoeuvresbytheGovernmentofFlanders,butincreasedevenfurtherinthebudgetThesefundsincreasedsubstantiallyintheperiod1996-1999becauseofthesignificantcatchqualitydersmandatesandprojectsaredividedindirectlybytheseintermediariesinaccordancewithresearchpolicy.ThebudgetsfortheIWTFlandersspecialisationgrantsandfortheFWOFlantotheuniversitiesandaredistributedbytheresearchcouncilinaccordancewiththeuniversityoperationalsubsidies(seepoint2).ThefundsoftheSpecialResearchFund(BOF)godirectlyfundsfortheso-calledsecondfundingtotheuniversities–thefirstfundingconsistsoftheirties;inotherwords,researchcarriedoutontheresearcher’sownfreeinitiative.ThesearetheTable1showsthefundsintendedforgroundbreaking,non-orientedresearchattheuniversicriteriathathavebeenlaiddown,andanevaluationbasedonapeerreview. chapterIII.7–171
chapterIII.7–172
FWO-Flanders,45%ofthedivisionofthecreditsfornon-orientedresearchiscarriedoutin2001throughtheityunderTable2.1.,“Operationalsubsidiestotheuniversities”,inordertomaintainthecontinugrantsfordoctorates.The9.49millionfortheUniversityRestructuringFundwasclassedbudgetprogramme71.4)arestillincludedinthetableofnon-orientedresearch.Thesearemillionofthepermanentmandates).TheIWTspecialisationgrants(transferredin2001tomillionfortheFWOFlanders(thedecreaseby10.08millionisduetothetransferofthe17.01theBOF(ofwhich4.24millionisanincreaseincreditinthebudgetcontrol2000),andby6.92In2001,theincreaseinthecreditswillcontinue.Theyarebeingincreasedby22.18millionforpolicy.for2000,with12.28millionfortheBOF-byreallocatingcreditsinrelationtotheemphasesininthetimeseries.46%throughtheBOF,and9%throughtheIWT.
chapterIII.7–173
2.Operation of universities and similar institutes increasesubsidies,comparedwithpersonnelpaidfromothersources.In1998,therewasastructuralsidies,aswellasthedevelopmentsintheproportionforpersonnelthatisfundedbyoperational(PartIV,pp.116etseq.)givesafurtherexplanationoftheexpenditureoftheoperationalsubwhilethesecondfundingcanbeusedspecificallyforresearch.The1997InformationGuiderememberedthattheoperationalsubsidiesarespreadoutoverabroadrangeofexpenditure,increasedby54.54millionEUR,thesecondfundingby66.93millionEUR.Itshouldbecontributionsofthesecondfunding.Duringtheperiod1996-1999,theoverallcreditsHowever,inthepast,theoperationalsubsidiesattheuniversitiesdidnotkeeppacewiththementthissum,75%isforEducationandTraining(STET),while25%isforResearchandDeveloptionaloperationalsubsidies,and9.49millionEURfortheUniversityRestructuringFund.Ofcantproportion.In2001,thisis515.62millionEUR(44%),viz.,505.70millionfortradiOfthetotalcreditsforthesciencepolicy,thesubsidiesfortheuniversitiesaccountforasignifition,Theuniversitiesreceivetheseoperationalsubsidiesfortheirnormalactivities:academiceducaTable2.1providesasummaryoftheuniversityoperationalsubsidiesfortheyears1993-2001.scientificresearchandscientificservices.(R&D).of7.44millionEUR,butthiswasinadequatetomeetthelargerequirements. chapterIII.7–174
itsalltheuniversitieswereregroupedinasinglebasicallocation.From2000,theinvestmentcredR&D),analogoustothesituationabroad.From1997,thecreditsforthesocialprovisionsforasoperationalsubsidiesaswell,usingthesamemethodofdistribution(75%STETand25%Table2.2summarisesthe“Othersubsidiesfortheuniversities”.ItwasdecidedtoincludetheseprovidingthesamesumfromtheGovernmentofFlanders(alsoseeChapterIII.2).The2001budgetismentontheoperationalsubsidiesoftheuniversities.Thiswillbesupplementedeveryyearbyyearsthisfundwillbeallocated6.2millionEURcumulativelyeveryyearasanadvancepaymillionEUR.TheUniversityRestructuringFundwasestablishedtoorganisethis.Forfourthebasisoftheestimatednumberofstudents,thesubsidywillincreaseprogressivelyby49.58sityfunding.Intheperiod2001-2004,theoperationalsubsidieswillnolongerbecalculatedonproject-basedfundingofuniversityresearch.Forthisreasonitwasdecidedtorevisetheuniverinthenextfewyears.TheintentionistobalancetherelationshipbetweenthestructuralandtheThereforetheGovernmentofFlandersaimstosignificantlyincreasetheoperationalsubsidiesanadditionalsumof9.49milliontostartupthenewsystem.oftheuniversitieswerestructurallyincreasedby5.2millionEUR.
chapterIII.7–175
below).andsectoralresearchandstudiesinsupportofpolicy”,oftheDepartmentofEducation,(seethecreditsforOpenHigherEducationhavebeenincorporatedinTable5,“SectoralinitiativesCollegeforDoctoralStudiesinManagementSciencesisallocatedwhollytoR&D.Since1997,butionsystemforSTETandR&Disusedforalmostallthesecredits.OnlythebudgetfortheTable2.3providesasummaryofthesubsidiesto“comparable”institutes.The75%/25%distriThesecreditsarecompletelyallocatedtoSTET.
chapterIII.7–176
3.Funding research and development of new technologies for industry Table 3 provides a summary of the most important credits for specific industrial research. This is summarised as follows: • areperiod1993-1996withthetransferofthebalancesfromthepreviousyears.Thesebalancesnessesandinnovationcooperativeventures.TheactualpolicyscopewasincreasedintheandallocationauthorisationIWTFlandersforprojectscarriedoutontheinitiativeofbusiinnovationcarriedoutontheinitiativeoftheGovernmentofFlanders(formerlytheFIOV),vation:allocationauthorisationIWTFlanderstosupportactionsrelatedtotechnologicalThetwobudgetitemsasinstrumentsforfundingindustrialresearchandtechnologicalinnonottakenintoaccountinTable3. • table.Thesecreditsincreasedgraduallyandwereallocatedin1999toasinglebasicTheIWToperatingfunds(grantandpaymentsforservicesrendered)arealsoshowninthe chapterIII.7–177
chapterIII.7–178
• theTheHOBUresearchfund,withtheaimofalsosupportingindustrially-focusedresearchatindustrialinstitutesofhighereducation,managedbytheIWT.
servicesallocation.Theoperatingfundsrelatebothtotheinternalmanagementcostsandtoexternalandsupervision,aswellasexpenditureforcommissionsforstudiesandexpertise.
• medium-sizedtionprojectrelatedtoenvironmentally-friendlytechnologies,inparticularforsmallandVITOandtheVIB.From1999,VITO–Prodem(co-fundingofanERDF-IIdemonstraThecreditsforthefundingofthethreemainFlemishresearchinstitutes,theIMEC,thebusinesses)wasincludedinthegrantfortheVITO.
• The credits for STV, to support research into the social aspects of new technologies.
• 2001,slightdecline,fortheSTWW(afallof6.05million)andIWT/FIOV(afallof4.78million).InauthorisationsoftheIWTandFIOV,theVIB,IWT-HOBUandSTWW.In2000,therewasaTherewasaconstantincreaseinthecreditsintheperiod1996-1999,mainlyintheallocationinareintendedforthevalorisationoftheuniversityresearchresultsandarethereforeincludedTheinterfaceservicesoftheuniversities.Thesecreditsareincludedinthistablebecausetheybudgetprogramme71.3from2001.therewillagainbeanincreaseof11.92millionEUR.
• asTheFlandersBiotechFundwasnotextendedfrom1999;thereforeitisnolongerincludedapolicycreditinthesciencepolicybudget.
• Technopolis:from1999,thecreditsareincludedintheFTI(FlandersTechnologyInternational)creditsinthecontextofscienceinformation,andareclassifiedwiththegeneralsciencepolicy(point6).
4.Scientific institutes, departmental divisions and Flemish Public Institutions whichHeritage(+0.74million),AQUAFIN(+1.24million)andMINA2.28(+12.05million),In2000,therewasaperceptibleincreaseinthecreditsfortheInstituteoftheArchaeologicaltheabouttheuseofthesefundsfromthattime.ThisconcernsthebudgetswhichareavailablefromtheMINAfundwerealsoincludedintheanalysistable,becauseinformationbecameavailableThesignificantincreaseinthecreditsfrom1996canbeattributedtothefactthatthecreditsofservicestaldivisions,orFlemishPublicInstitutions,whichalsoconductresearchandprovidescientificTable4showsthecreditswhicharedistributedoverthescientificinstitutes,certaindepartmenaspartoftheirtask.MINAfundforsciencepolicy,forVMM,OVAM,AQUAFIN,VLMandVLINA.replacedMINA2.19. chapterIII.7–179
• generic“Strategictechnologiesforthepromotionofwelfareandwell-being(STWW):thisconcernsPre-valorisationresearch,“Generalbasicresearchattheuniversities”(GBOU),formerlybasicresearchwithapossiblesocialoreconomicfocus.
noOVAMcreditswerealsoreduced,becausetheexecutionofthePRESTIprogrammein2001thefallinthebudgetforMINA2.28andtheremovaloftheVLINAresearchprogramme.TheIn2001,thetotalcreditsforTable4willbereducedtothelevelof1999,particularlybecauseoflongerfallsunderthesciencepolicy. chapterIII.7–180
chapterIII.7–181
IntogetherIn2000,therewasanincreaseof10.04millionEURfortheLIN.ThisshouldbeconsideredasthecontinuedincreaseofthecreditsforthePC/KDcampaign(total,24.79millionEUR).ThemarkedincreasefortheEducationdepartmentisstriking.Thisisduetothetransfer,aswellget.Thus,thesecreditsweregroupedinChapterIII.5ontheSectoralSciencePolicy.Community,andontheotherhand,totheBAswhichfalldirectlyunderthedepartmentalbudFlemishPublicInstitutionswhichfallunderthedepartmentsoftheMinistryoftheFlemishtheseare,ontheonehand,allocatedtotheBAstofundthescientificactivitiesintheinstitutesandment,inthiscase,theEnvironmentandInfrastructureDepartment.Therefore,thecreditsfortosomeextent,inthesensethattheVMM,OVAM,etc.actuallyfallunderthecompetentdepartorientedinitiativestogetherforthesectoralsciencepolicy.Tables4and5complementeachotherTable5providesasummaryofthecreditsprovidedforresearchinsupportofpolicyandpolicy-withthecreditincreasesforAQUAFINandMINA2.28inthesameyear.2001,theLINcredithasalsobeenreduced(by5.92million).
5.Sectoral initiatives and research and studies in support of policy
6.A variety of expenditure related to the general science policy alsoThisincludestheinitiativestosupportthesciencepolicyasawhole.Theadvisoryorganswereincludedinthis,astheysupporttheoverallpolicyonscienceandtechnology. chapterIII.7–182
instituteselectronicnetworkandthe2.03millionfortheelectronicfilesandelectronicequipmentforresearchthatisrelevanttopolicycoversmanypolicyfields.The2.48millionfortheFlemishportCentresforpolicy-orientedresearchwasprovisionallyincludedinthistablebecausethetionsandthereallocationofcreditsasdescribedinIII.6.The4.96millionEURtostartSupinformationsociety.Thisreductionwillcontinuein2001,andistheresultofbudgetreducfundsforpolicy-orientedresearch,internationalcooperationandtheexpenditurerelatedtotheIn2000,therewasafallinthecreditsofalmost7.44millionEUR,duetothereductioninthecooperation.wellasoftheexpenditurerelatedtotheinformationsocietyandinternationalscientificincreasedcreditsforpolicy-orientedresearchandthecommunicationofthesciencepolicy,asTherewasadrasticincreaseinthecreditsintheperiod1997-1999.ThiswastheresultoftheofhighereducationandforIMECandVITOarealsoincluded.
institutes,EUR.Theaccompanyingdiagramshowsthepercentagedistributionoftheseoverthemainthecreditsforthisresearch.Thetotalcreditin2001canthenbeestimatedat60.24millionHowever,recentlyan“Inventoryofresearchrelevanttopolicy”wasdrawnup,examiningallfund,ishscientificinstitutes)arethereforenotincludedhere.Theseinstitutes,aswellastheMINATheresearchrelevanttopolicybeingcarriedoutinallsortsofinstitutes(suchasthefiveFlemforwhichareintendedforresearchrelevanttopolicy.ThecreditsforresearchinsupportofpolicycreditsinTable5(Sectoralinitiativesandsectoralresearchandstudiesinsupportofpolicy)differentdepartmentalbasicallocations.Inprinciple,itisassumedthatthesearethepartoftheThisfigureprovidesasummaryofthecreditsforresearchinsupportofpolicy,asthisoccursontheAWIofOA71areaddedtothesectoralcredits.weregivenanappropriateplaceinthetablesofanalysis.programmesandpunctualcreditsforpolicy-orientedresearch.
Researchrelevanttopolicyperdepartment
chapterIII.7–183
itsThedistributionofthetotalbudgetoftheHBPWB2001acrossthesixclassifications,aswellasevolutionintheperiod1993-2001,isshowninthefollowingtable. chapterIII.7–184
OA11.85millionEUR.Theincreasecanbeattributed,interalia,totheincreaseofthecreditsfor24.79millionEUR,comparedwith2000–theR&DcreditshaveincreasedbymorethanTheinitialcreditsforsciencepolicyoftheHBPWB2001haveincreasedbyapproximatelyIntively,theperiod1995-1999,theactualsciencebudgetincreasedbyover0.2billionEUR;cumulaThetotalcreditsoftheHBPWBfrom1993to2001areshowninthefollowingfigure.Duringthismeansmorethan0.5billionEUR.2000,theinitialcreditsforsciencepolicyincreasedfurtherby29.75millionEUR.71(by29.75million).However,thisincreaseisoffsetbyadeclineinthesectoralcredit. chapterIII.7–185
thetheNABScodes.PartIIIofthisInformationGuidecontinuedtheanalysisinsomecasesuptoTheaccompanyingtableshowsthepercentagedistributionoftheR&Dcreditsfor2001,overinThetableandgraphsshownbelowsubdividesthebudgetoftheHBPWB2001,consecutivelytermsoftypeofactivity,byNABScode,andbydepartment.sub-NABSlevel. chapterIII.7–186
and-includingtheoperationalsubsidiestotheuniversities-andtheMinisterofEconomics,TownmentofFlanders,withaconcentrationofthefundsfortheMinisterofEducationandTrainingThelastgraphshowsthedistributionofthesciencecreditsoverthemembersoftheGovern-CountryPlanningandtheMedia.
chapterIII.7–187
Chapter – III.8 theThecalculationoftheR&DactivitiesasapercentageofFlemishGDPandaninternationalcomparison expenditurein1997.Onthisbasis,theoverallR&DexpenditureofthewholeofFlemishInresponsetotheR&Dsurveyin1998,0.9billionEURwasreportedbyindustryonR&DfromInaddition,thejointbudgetsofthegovernments(Flemish,federalandEU)andtheinputicyThreedistributionkeysareusedtocalculateFlanders’shareinthefederalcreditsforsciencepol3.TheR&DbudgetoftheGovernmentofFlanders+theFlemishshareofthefederalgovern2.TheR&DbudgetoftheGovernmentofFlanders+theFlemishshareofthefederalgovern1.TheTheFirst,ofAnapproximatecalculationisgivenbelow,strictlylimitedtotheR&Dcredits.ThelastvalueslierThecalculationoftheR&DactivitiesasapercentageoftheFlanders’GDPwaspublishedear-1.Theenceentificresearchinastrictsensearetakenintoconsideration.Alltheotherelementsofthesci-Productthatisusedforresearchanddevelopment(R&D).Thereforeonlythebudgetsforsciinteralia,intheR&DcreditsasapercentageoftheGDP:thepercentageoftheGrossDomestictionpolicy.Foraninternationalcomparisontobepossible,theinputofthefundsisexpressed,Theavailabilityofsufficientfundsisapreconditionforagoodscienceandtechnologyinnovabudget(STET,STS,seeChapterI.1fordefinitions)arenotincludedinthis.calculationoftheR&DactivitiesasapercentageofFlanders’GDPinthe1997InformationGuide,andsubsequentlyinthe1999FlemishIndicatorsbook.Flanders’GDPtobecalculatedareusedasastartingpoint.the1994-2001evolutionwascalculated.calculationwasbuiltupasfollows:R&DbudgetoftheGovernmentofFlandersonitsown;mentcredits;mentcredits+theshareofFlemishresearchersinEUresearchprogrammes(Frameworkprogrammes).(V=Flemish):•Theactualsituation:28.5%VESAand56%Vfortherestofthefederalsciencebudget;•56%V:thegeneraldistributionkeyuseduptonowforthefederalsciencecredits;•thetargeteddistributionkeyof60.6%.Thismeansthatitisassumedthatanestimated60.6%ofthefederalsciencebudgetshouldgobacktoFlanders,takingintoaccountthefactthattheshareoftheregionamountsto60.6%oftheBelgianGNP(VRIND1999,Table4.1,p.132.Source:INR,APScalculation).industry(expressedasapercentageofGDP)arecalculatedapproximately. chapterIII.8–189
Flanders’ share in Fed. credits (4) 260.23268.94276.25275.34287.01291.50300,29300.30300.30
V + Fed (2) + EU 649.46641.17712.10762.43811.02880.47908.79924.83924.83
V + Fed (4) 0.550.520.570.580.590.620.600.620.60
V + Fed (3) + EU 688.48680.95751.98801.09850.52921.63950.18966.23966.23
Total gov. (4) + industry (8) 1.801.761.861.931.941.971.961.971.95
Total V + Fed (3) 621.45613.92684.95734.06783.49844.51873.06889.11889.11
Total V + Fed (4) 641.20634.33705.91754.96805.27866.64895.85911.92911.92
Flanders’ share in Fed. credits (2) 201.46208.74215.40215.78225.73228.21236.10236.09236.09
Government of Flanders (1) 0.330.300.350.370.380.410.400.410.40
V + Fed (2) 0.500.470.520.530.550.570.560.570.56
V + Fed (2) + EU 0.560.530.570.580.600.630.610.620.61
Total gov. (3) + industry (8) 1.781.741.851.911.931.961.941.951.94
continuepauseforreflectionin2000,theGovernmentofFlandershastakenthenecessarymeasurestointroducedbytheGovernmentofFlandersintheperiod1996-1999.Meanwhile,afterabriefThecalculationcanbeseenintheaccompanyingtable.ThisshowstheeffectoftheincreasesCinceraindustrywasestimatedin1997atapproximately1.73billionEUR(IWTstudy,no.31,M.&R.Veugelers).thistrendinthenextfewyears. chapterIII.8–190 R&D-creditsinmillionEUR,GDP-FlandersinbillionEUR 19941995199619971998199920002001 (9)2001 (10) Government of Flanders (1) 380.97365.39429.67479.62518.26575.13595.56611.62611.62
V+ Fed (4) + EU 0.610.580.620.630.640.670.660.670.65 industry (7) 1.191.181.241.301.301.301.301.301.30
GDP-Flanders (6) in billion EUR 115.80120.91124.26130.42136.03140.25148.10148.10151.80 R&Das%GDP-Flanders
V + Fed (4) + EU 708.23701.36772.94821.99872.30943.76972.97989.04989.04
V+ Fed (3) + EU 0.590.560.610.610.630.660.640.650.64
Flanders’ share in Fed. credits (3) 240.48248.53255.28254.44265.23269.38277.49277.49277.49
Total V + industry 1.521.481.591.671.681.711.701.711.70
Total V + Fed (2) 582.43574.14645.07695.40743.99803.35831.67847.71847.71
V + Fed (3) 0.540.510.550.560.580.600.590.600.59
Total gov. (2) + industry (8) 1.751.711.811.881.901.931.911.921.91
Flanders’ share EU (5) 67.0367,0367.0367.0367.0377.1277.1277.1277.12
2.International however,thanforourmaintradingpartners.Thisappliesparticularlywithregardtogovernmentcredits;ThesetablesshowthattheR&DshareasapercentageofFlanders’GNPisstillrelativelylowerindustry.tureonR&DintheBusinessEnterpriseSector),andshowstheexpenditureonR&DbythegovernmentforR&D.TheactivitiesofFlemishindustryareexpressedinBERD(ExpendiforR&D.TheGBAORDisanindicatorusedbytheOECD,whichgivesanideaoftheinputoftionsorOutlaysforR&D).Thismeansthepolicycreditsofthegovernmentwhichareavailabletwotables.ThegovernmentactivitiesareexpressedinGBAORD(GovernmentAppropriaGovernmentR&DbudgetsandinputfromindustryforR&Dareshownintheaccompanyingcomparisonindustryshouldalsomakeadditionalefforts. chapterIII.8–191 (1)Flanders government as identified in the HBPWB - adapted (10)Taking(9)Not(8)Total(7)IWTstudy31"ResultsoftheOECDsurveyoftheFlemishindustry",M.Cincera&R.(6)Source:T.Vergeynst,APS.1994-1997:estimationAPSonthebasisoftheINR-data;(5)Estimationaccordingtothecalculatedreturnof2.58%fortheThirdFramework(4)Distributionkey60,6%.EstimationofthefederalR&Dcredits1999and2000,seepoint(3)Distributionkey56%V.EstimationofthefederalR&Dcredits1999and2000,see(2)DistributionkeyESA28.5%V(Source:VRWB)and56%Vfortherestofthefederalbudget.sciencebudget.EstimationofthefederalR&Dcredits1999and2000onthebasisofthe77,35%R&Din1998.point(2).(2).Programme.Source:M.Oleo&M.Luwel,1997.1998-2000:applicationofthegrowthprognosesKBC+deflationnationalGDP;realgrowthGDPBelgium2001:+2.6%(prognosesFederalPlanningAgency).Veugelers,2000.AccordingtorecentcalculationsbyDWTC(May2000):1.30%in1997(officialdatatransferredtotheOECD.SourceJanLarosse,IWT).1.30%wasmaintainedforthefollowingyears.%R&D/GDP:governments+industry(withreservation).takingintoaccounttheeconomicalgrowth.intoaccounttherealeconomicalgrowth.
GBAORD (government) % R&D/GDP 1995% R&D/GDP 1999 Flanders (*)0.530.63 Belgium (**)Framework(*)Flanders'credits+28,5%VESAand56%Vfortherestofthefederalsciencebudget+theFlemishshareintheEUFlanders:versities.Belgium:intheOECDdocumentsuptonowcalculatedonthebasisof43%R&DfortheoperationalsubsidiesfortheuniMainJapan0.520.63USA0.980.88Sweden1.140.77Norway0.810.76Finland0.981.06Denmark0.670.73UnitedSpain0.490.68Netherlands0.800.79ItalyFranceGermany(**)0.610.65(**)0.900.83(**)1.120.99(**)0.580.58Kingdom(**)0.790.67ScienceandTechnologyIndicators,OECD,N°1,200025%R&Dfortheoperationalsubsidiesfortheuniversities.Programmedata1998(data1999notavailable) % R&D/GDP BERD (industry) 19951996199719981999 ..MainFlandersOECD1.441.481.521.54..UnitedJapan1.942.012.102.18..USA1.881.952.012.042.16Sweden2.57..2.77....Norway0.97..0.95....Finland1.451.681.791.952.15Denmark1.051.131.191.201.26UnitedSpain0.390.400.400.470.47Netherlands1.041.061.11....Italy0.530.540.530.550.57France1.411.411.351.35..Germany1.501.491.541.55..Belgium1.06........Kingdom1.301.251.201.21..Nations1.121.121.131.15..industry1.181.241.301.301.30ScienceandTechnologyIndicators,OECD,N°1,2000:datanotavailable chapterIII.8–192
3.Simulations and thisGDPThenitwasexaminedwhateffectthiswouldhaveontheoverallpercentageofR&Dinthework56%asashareofFlandersinthefederalR&Dcredits+theFlemishshareintheEUFramenomicgrowthof2.5%;theGovernmentofFlanders=FlemishR&Dgovernmentcredits+0.049,0.074,0.099or0.124billionEURperyear(cumulatively).ThiswasbasedonecowithanincreasingFlemishgovernmentbudgetforthescienceandinnovationpolicy,withThetablebelowshowstheevolutionofgovernmentcreditsastheR&DpercentageofGDP,2000.uationin2000,assuming,interalia,thatthefederalandEUcreditshavenotchangedsince(611.63millionEUR).Thesewerethenusedfortheprognoses/simulations;thepricesandsitCalculationswerecarriedoutonthebasisof:theR&DcreditsoftheFlemishHBPWB2001prognosesprogramme.R&DasapercentageofGDP(governmentcredits)2001200220032004200520060.64+0.049bill.EUR/year0.650.670.680.700.71+0.074bill.EUR/year0.670.700.730.750.78+0.099bill.EUR/year0.690.730.770.810.85+0.124bill.EUR/year0.700.760.820.870.92(government+industry).Onthebasisofthehypothesisthat:•industryremainsstaticat1.3%R&D/GDP;•governmentcredits+56%asashareofFlandersinthefederalR&Dcredits+theFlemishshareintheEUFrameworkprogramme;•economicgrowthof2.5%;givesanoverallpercentageofR&D/GDP,basedonthiscalculationmechanism:R&DasapercentageofGDP(government+industry)2001200220032004200520061.94+0.049bill.EUR/year1.951.971.982.002.01+0.074bill.EUR/year1.972.002.032.052.08+0.099bill.EUR/year1.992.032.072.112.15+0.124bill.EUR/year2.002.062.122.172.22Thiscalculationisbasedontheassumptionthatindustrywillnotmakeanyadditionalefforts.However,itisindicatedthatindustryalsoincreasesthefundsforR&D.Wewouldliketoemphasisethatthesecalculationsshouldbeinterpretedinrelativeterms,withthenecessarycircumspection,asdiscussedinpoint(4). chapterIII.8–193
4.Comments on the calculation of R&D as a percentage of Flanders’ uredefence.TheOECDaverageis30%,fortheUK,37%,forFrance,25%.ForBelgiumthefigthemilitarysector.TheUSAleadsthefieldinthisrespect,with54%oftheR&DbudgetfortriesshowsthattherearebigdifferencesbecausesomecountriesmakelargeR&Dinjectionsinswitchtoanothermethodofcalculation.Furthermore,acomparisonwithanumberofcountors”.Sometimestimeseriesarebrokenoffincertaincountries,forexample,becausethereisathatsomefigureschangeindifferenteditionsofthe“MainScienceandTechnologyIndica3°Theinternationalcomparisonshouldbeseeninrelativeterms:thisisclearfromtheveryfactthis.GDPisincreasingmarkedly,andthepositiveevolutionofthesciencebudgetis“drowning”intoseethisincreaseasavisibleincreaseinthepercentageofFlanders’GDP.Afterall,Flanders’andthegrowthofthesciencebudget.Averystrongincreaseinthesciencebudgetisnecessary2°ThecalculationactuallyrevealsarelativeconnectionbetweenthegrowthofFlanders’GDPhypotheses1°Thecalculationsareapproximate,bothasregardstheinternationalcomparison,andfortheGDPusedforthecalculations.isverylow,andFlandersdoesnotfundanyresearchatallinthedefencesector. chapterIII.8–194
This fish passage on the Velpe was constructed in the early nineties and allows the fish to pass the dam - a migra tion barrier - to look upstream for spawning and forage grounds. Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis MILNE EDWARDS, 1854 is an exotic species, which is occasion ally found in our inland waterways during fish population assessments. The first mitten crabs were recorded in the Flemish rivers and canals around 1930. After a short flour ishing, they almost completely disappeared due to the water pollution. For some years now, the mitten crab increasingly(Photographreappears.IBW)
(Photograph IBW)The
195 EXPENDITUREOFTHEFUNDSDISTRIBUTEDBYTHEFUNDINGINSTITUTIONS
PARTIV
Expenditure of the funds distributed by the funding institutions
TheFWOFlandersisonviewoftheirimportancefortheFlemishsciencepolicy,itisnecessarytodevoteattentiontothis1996and1999InformationGuides.Inviewofthevolumeofcreditsfortheseinstitutes,andinIWT-Flandersfollowsbelow.Thesesortsofanalyseshavebeenpublishedbefore,viz.,intheAnup-to-dateanalysisofexpenditureofthefundsdistributedbytheFWOFlandersandthearegularbasis. the idealfundingchannelfortheredistributionoffundsforbasicresearch on the basis on inter-university competition. TheIWTFlandersis the channelfortheredistributionofbudgetsforindustrialresearchonthe basis of competitive project proposals submitted by companies. Chapter – IV.1 ExpenditureofthefundsdistributedbytheFWOFlanders mainachievements,suchasnewBoardsofReferees,whichwereintendedtoresultinacarefullyPartIV.1ofthe1999InformationGuideprovidedaninsightintothevarioussubsidiesandPartsubsidyoftheGovernmentofFlanders,alsopublishedannuallyintheInformationGuideinget;alltheamountsareinmillionsofEUR).ThelastrowoffiguresshowstheevolutionoftheLottery,giftsandowncapital)isshowninTable1(drawnuponthebasisofthemodifiedbud(includingthesubsidiesoftheGovernmentofFlanders,thefederalgovernment,theNationalTheevolutionoftheextremelydiversespreadofsubsidiesoverthefundsoftheFWOFlandersplantheFlemishCommunity,theFundwasabletoachievethemainlinesofthe1996-2000policyFlandersresultedinasteadygrowthoftheavailablefunds.BecauseoftheincreasedsupportbyThesystematicannualincreaseintheallowancesoftheGovernmentofFlandersfortheFWOwhichtiseofexternalreferees.Theselectionandevaluationcriteriausedarerecordedinavademecum,ascientificevaluationbyboardsofnationalandforeignexperts,partlyonthebasisoftheexperversitiesandinstitutesforscientificresearch.TheselectionoftheapplicationsismadefollowingTheFWOFlandersistheorganisationwhichdistributesthefundingforbasicresearchatuni1991-2000”.TheanalysisinthisInformationGuideisbasedontheFWOdocument,“ExpenditureAnalysis,isalsoavailableontheinternet.inaconstructiveway.III,Chapteronthe“AnalysisoftheHBPWBs”. chapterIV.1–197
enceconsideredexpenditureofthefunds.However,thiswillnotberepeated:inthisrespect,referisalsomadetotheFWODocument,“ExpenditureAnalysis,1991-2000”. Table 1.EvolutionofthedistributionoffundsofallthesubsidiesoverthevariousfundsforactivitiesoftheFWOFlanders(inmln.EUR). The cost for the Permanent Research Positions is included in the mandates, while formerly it belonged in the accounting system to the Research Projects. These researchers were transferred to the universities from 1/10/2000. * Credits for the Max-Wildiers fund were spent from 2000 AnanalysisfollowsbelowofthevariousfundsavailableforprogrammesoftheFWOFlanders.ingThemostimportantitems,inparticular,researchpostsandresearchprojectsarestilldevelopon.entirelyintandem. chapterIV.1–198 nityFlemishTOTALMiscellaneousResearchResearchScientificMandatesExpenditure19921993199419951996199719981999200028.06245%31.78045%35.05247%37.90347%38.84544%43.28246%49.25646%53.71948%55.57848%Contacts2.0823%2.0083%1.9093%1.9093%2.7273%2.8763%2.3302%2.4792%2.2062%Grants1.0662%0.9421%2.3553%2.3303%2.8763%2.7523%0.9671%1.6611%1.7602%Projects28.28545%32.32546%31.95343%34.90343%39.73745%41.621*44%50.719*47%50.074*45%50.81844%2.8515%3.0005%3.2974%3.6945%3.8925%4.3634%4.5124%4.5124%4.5864%62.345100%70.055100%74.566100%80.739100%88.077100%94.894100%107.784100%112.445100%114.948100%Commu-Subsidy46.23051.59754.18758.10466.83579.61883.56591.16591.324
Research shownferentmandates.ThedistributionforeachtypeofmandateandeachscientificdisciplineisTheevolutionofthefileofresearchmandatesisincludedinTable2,withasummaryofthedifmandatesinfigures1-6. Table 2. Evolution of the mandates (figures for 1 October) yearMandate AssistantsResearch Specialgrantsdoctoral PostdoctoralFellows Permanent Research Positions (O.L., O.D.) O.D.:O.L.:20005824416-10021999566437119811391998527836219710941997480331019698919964458243196892199540962091988221994401221119981319934122175196785199240961231927301991390282202676TotalResearchAssociatesResearchDirectors(transferredtotheAcademicStaffoftheuniversitiesfrom1/10/2000) chapterIV.1–199
chapterIV.1–200
Thepredoctoral ResearchAssistants, Assistantdoctoralstudentseveryyear,withagrantforfouryears.Thisfigureusedtobe100TheincreasedsubsidyfortheFundmadeitpossibletoattractapproximately150Researchtheandsupervisionofdoctoratestudentssothatadoctoralthesisispossiblewithinthedurationofdemand(sincethe1993-1994selectionperiod)thattheywouldprovideadequatemonitoringThepromotersoftheseResearchAssistantsweregivengreaterresponsibilitybecauseoftheAssistanttiveeffectsforthoseinvolved.Since1/10/94,thisgranthasbeenequaltothenetsalaryforanincometax.Thismadeitpossibletoappointalargernumberofcandidateswithoutanynegatransformedintoagranton1/10/91,subjecttotheStatesocialsecurity,butexemptfromwhichusedtocompriseanemploymentagreement,wasofauniversity,thoughitusedtobeapproximately10%higher.mandate. chapterIV.1–201
activities.theprojects,thiswasadjustedinthedistributionoftheFlemishfundingacrosstheFunds’However,astheBoardofTrusteesdecidedthatpartofthesefederalfundsshouldgotowardsmenteralpolicyontheexemptionoftheemployers’contributionforsocialsecurityisanessentialele2.231millionEURwasneeded,whichwasallocatedinthebudgetfor2001.Retainingthefed–thisincreasedto50postdocsfrom1/1/1999.Toconcludetheexpansionanextrasubsidyofalso32attheexpenseofthemoneyrecoveredfromemployers’contributionsforsocialsecurity1997-1998,thisincreasedto65,andfrom1998-1999to99postdocs.From1/1/98,therearepostdocsfrom1996-1997(theremainingpartofthesubsidywasspentonprojects).Fromcouldbefurtherincreasedtoapproximately500researchers.Thisnationalsubsidycovered17Theremainingincreaseinthefilewasachievedwithnationalfunds,sothatthetargetfigurenityvacanciesallowedbythebudget.TheextrainvestmentsmadeavailablebytheFlemishCommubetweenthenumberofstrictlyselectedcandidatesproposedbytheBoardsofRefereesandthemandatesinthiswayiscertainlyjustifiable:afterall,therewasagreatdealoftensioninthepastapproximately400mandatesforresearchers.TheFWOFlanders’increaseinthenumberofofthreeyears(withinterimselectivereductionsof1/2).Thisgrowthisaimedatcreatinginterimselectivereductionsof1/3.From1/10/1996,thiswasfurtherextendedtothreeperiodson1/10/1992toPostdoctoralFellowship.Thislaststhreeyears,withapossibleextensionandpolicyoftheMinisterofSciencePolicy,thepostdoctoralmandatefortwoyearswaschangedtorallevel(asaparticularlyproductivestageinaresearchcareer),bothbytheFundandbytheratherthantheformer35peryear.Becauseoftheemphasisplacedonexpandingthepostdoc-withaFlemishsubsidy,peryearamountedto1.983millionEUR.inthis.
ispriateBoardsduringthisreorganisation.Thereforetheformersystemofbroadsciencesectorsingagricultureandgeography.Thespecificresearchdisciplineswereorganisedwiththeapprothebiologicalandmedicalsciencesandadivisionofinterdisciplinaryeducationalareas,includ(togetherwiththenewsystemofBoardsofReferees).Aboveall,therewasareorganisationofForthedistributionoverthescientificdisciplines,theDomainCouncilswerealsoregroupedof140.Anextrasubsidyof1.239millionEURwasmadeavailablein2001fortheconsolidationLotteryatanyonetime.Becauseoftherecentincreaseinthis,thenumberhasnowincreasedto120ofthetotalnumberofResearchAssistantsarefundedbythesubsidyfromtheNationaldents.peryear.Inordertoattractthemosttalentedyoungpeople,theaimistohave600doctoralstuAnextra1.487millionEURwasinvestedinthisforfoursuccessiveyears.theincreasednumberofResearchAssistants.difficulttocomparetothenewresearchdomains.
chapterIV.1–202
Transitionbetweendifferentmandates:
PostdoctoralFellows
Forthreeyearsitwaspossibletorecruit70ThehaveofveryableresearchersfromtheformerInter-UniversityInstituteofNuclearSciences,whointheexactsciences.Infact,thisisaresultoftheinclusionamongstthesepostdoctoralFellowsticularlyunderrepresented(comparedtothepostdocs),andthereisalsoanoverrepresentationAmongstthepermanentresearchers,thesocialsciences,aswellasthemedicalsciences,arepar-backences.Theotherdisciplinesconsolidatetheirplace.ThisphenomenoncanbepurelytracedThehumananitiesandsocialsciencessurrenderafairlylargesharetoexactandbiologicalscisequencesthetransitionfrompredoctoralResearchAssistanttoPostdoctoralFellowisnotwithoutconOneofthestrikingaspectsofthisdistributionisthatforthespreadacrossthesciencedisciplines.tothecandidateswhoapply,andnottotheactualsuccessrates.beeninemploymentforalongtime.spreadisverystable,astheturnoverislimitedto5%ofthepopulationperyear.
Equalopportunitiesforbothgenders
theofbeingnominated.Inthisway,themandatesalsofollowonfromeachother.Asummaryofresearchercanfullyimmersehim/herselfintheresearchagain,andhasthebestpossiblechancesmonthsareautomaticallyextendedtotheendoftheacademicyear.Thisistoensurethattheperiodthatthepersonhadnotworked.Mandateswhicharesuspendedforlongerthanthreeperiodofparental,maternityorpostnatalleaveandpalliativeleave,andtoextendthembythewomeninthemandates.Inthiscontextitwasalsodecidedtosuspendmandatesduringthearereflectedinthegradualincreaseinthenumberoftrendtowardslargernumbersofwomenisshowninfigures7to14.
TheJuneResearchAssistantship,thecandidatesareonlyexpectedtodefendtheirdoctoratepubliclyby1whereelse.Inordertoensurethatthispostdoctoralmandatecantieinseamlesslywithaachieveaninternationallyrecognisedscientificlevel,andtogainthenecessaryexperiencesomewillbeseenasapositiveelementintheselection.Inthisway,Ph.D.’shavesufficienttimetoreceiveamobilitysubsidytocarryoutresearchatanotherinstituteforoneyear.ThismobilityInaddition,PostdoctoralFellowsaregiventhepossibility,foreveryperiodofthreeyears,toatthelatest. SeniorClinicalInvestigators twopossibleextensionsofthreeyears.ThenumberofmandatesevolvedasshowninTable3.clinicalresearch.On1/9/1999,thiswasextendedfurthertoamandatelastingthreeyears,withyear,inordertostrengthenthelinksbetweenmedicalandclinicalpractice,andbasicmedicalextensionoftwoyears,ratherthantheprevioustwoyearswithtwopossibleextensionsofoneweremodifiedandextendedtothreeyears–withapossible Table 3.Evolution of the number of Senior Clinical Investigators. TheDuration2+2x1Number5101414131319192328Year1991199219931994199519961997199819992000year3+2year3x3year PermanentResearchPositions–germotions,asthesewouldenterintoeffectfromthemomentthattheFWOFlanderswasnolontheinstitutesatcostprice.InFebruary2000,therewasnoappealforcandidates,evenforproThosewhowish,cancompletetheirfellowshipfromtheFWOFlanders.Thecostsaresettledatofferednumberinfuture,sothatnewcandidatescanbeattractedandbettercareerprospectscanbesurethattherearenonegativesocialeffectsforthoseinvolved.Infact,theaimistoincreasethefinancialeffects,eitherfortheuniversitiesorfortheFund.Inaddition,stepsaretakentomaketies.Thisthroughputwasinfactthepurposeofthesemandates.ItdoesnothaveanynegativeStartingon1October2000,thesepostsweretransferredtotheacademicstaffoftheuniversi-ernment,lecturer,seniorlecturerorassistantprofessor.Thisgroup,whichwaslimitedto200bythegov-wereawardedtoresearchersofahighscientificstandard.Theyreceivedatenureatthelevelofviz.,theResearchAssociatesandResearchDirectors–wasatthetopofthepyramidofpostsoftheFWOFlanders.tothegrowingnumberofPostdoctoralFellows.theemployer.Altogether21peoplechosetoretaintheirpostswiththeFWOFlanders.
chapterIV.1–203
chapterIV.1–204
sectorsties,asthenumberofwomeninthesedisciplineswasalreadysignificantlyhigherthaninotherThenumberofwomenissteadilyincreasingineveryfield.Thisincreaseisslowestinhumanilogical,Fordoctoralstudents,42%ofthestaffemployednowarewomen,andthedisciplinesofbiomedicalsciences,andhumanitieshavesignificantlyhigherscores.twentyyearsago.
chapterIV.1–205
ApparentlyOntheotherhand,thehumanitiesloseasignificantnumberinthetransitiontopostdocs.ularlyunder-representationofwomenisconsolidated.Theproportionofwomenisincreasingparticwomenaccountfor35%ofthegroup).Inthefieldsoftheexactandappliedsciences,thisVirtuallythesametrendisreflectedinthepostdocs,thoughitistenyearsbehind(currently,inthebiologicalandsocialsciences.theladiesgoontodifferentsectionsofsocietyinthesedisciplines.
chapterIV.1–206
ThePersonalsciences.annualturnover,andthatmostareinthefieldoftheexactsciences,inparticular,basicmaterialmenisnow88%).Thisispartlyexplainedbythefactthatinthesepoststhereisonlya5%PermanentResearchPositionshavebeenfairlystablefrom1976to1998(theproportionoffunding ResearchGrants spentresearchbymainlyyoung,individualresearchers.TheevolutionofthedistributionofthefundsareaimedtoserveasoperationalandequipmentcreditsforthepersonalforeachscientificdomainisshowninTable4. Table 4.Evolution of the Research Grants according to the sector or domain of science. (Expenditure, allocated to one accounting year) chapterIV.1–207 Sectorscienceof Physical and exact sciences Biomedicalsciences Appliedsciences Humanities sciencesSocial Total amountkEUR % amountkEUR % amountkEUR % amountkEUR % amountkEUR % amountkEUR % 1992 193.704 25.7 358.801 47.6 173.873 23.1-0.0 27.268 3.6 753.646 100 1993 182.450 26.1262.14737.4 173.278 24.7 50.198 7.2 32.226 4.6 700.299 100 1994639.54127.11090.40946.2385.32616.3171.5427.3 73.872 3.1 2360.690 100 1995 804.613 29.5 1021.346 37.4656.14924.0 125.508 4.6 121.270 4.5 2728.886 100 1996 709.595 24.11345.41745.6 573.799 19.5 164.775 5.6 152.455 5.2 2946.041 100 Domainscienceof Exact sciences Biologicalsciences Medical sciencesApplied sciencesHumanities sciencesSocial Total Year amountkEUR % amountkEUR % amountkEUR % amountkEUR % amountkEUR % amountkEUR % amountkEUR % 1997 476.600 17.6 593.804 21.9 1036.641 38.2299.15811.1 257.884 9.5 46.827 1.7 2710.914 100 199869.6587.2 102.330 20001999270.35316.3311.62718.7691.67341.610.6522.38654.0187.68019.476.8477.98.6760.9967.578100183.24311.0115.5186.991.7215.51664.134100352.52919.6485.17727.0647.64736.1197.27410.190.8535.122.3101.21795.790100
chapterIV.1–208 creditsResearchMandates.Thisincreasedinanon-recurrentwaytheexpenditurewithallowancewith2.727millionEUR.Theingavailableabudgetof2.749millionEURayearearlier.ThiswaslinkedtocertainconditionswithregardtothePermanentResearchPositionstothesectionMandates.Thelevelof1998ishigherthanusual,duetotheManagementAgreement,makequipment.Thedecreaseofexpenditurein1996isartificial,duetobudget-technicaltransferofthecostsforthePermanentabilityoftheallowancesandtheyearofexpenditurearebettertuned.Thishasvisibleeffectespeciallyinthesectionances-thisbudgetisusuallyknownonlyattheendoftheyearandispayedoutonlythefollowingyear.Inthisway,theavailexpenditureoftheResearchProjects1992isduetothepostponementwithoneyearoftheuseoftheNationalLotteryallowhowevertheprojectsoftheLifelineactionbecausethiswouldgiveadiscontinuousfigure.TheremarkablelowlevelofthetheFlemishCommunity(includingtheMax-WildierFund),thefederalgovernmentandtheNationalLottery,excludingCommentonthefigures:ItconcernstheprojectsinchargeofallthedifferentallowancesoftheFWOFlanders,comingfromfor2000arenotyetdefinitive.
onlyafewtemporarypeaks.Theactivitiesincreasedby36%,andthesupportingpersonnelalsoFrom1991uptothepresentday,subsidiesforequipmenthaveremainedvirtuallystable,witharchives.ingupthearchivesandonthescientificinventoryandvalorisationofboththeresultsandthescientificresearchfrom1/1/2000.Inadditiontothescientificaspect,thisalsofocusesonopen6.693millionEURwillbespentontheprojectoftheMax-WildiersFundforarchive-basedEuropeanorinternationalresearchinwhichFlemishresearchersplayaleadingrole.Theotherconferencesinthecontextofaspecificcampaign,focusingontheinternationalpublicationofthehumanities.Oftheamountsfor1997,1998and1999,0.744millionEURisspentonlargeprojects.Inaddition,creditsof2.478millionEURhavebeenavailablesince1997tosupportTheadditionalinvestmentoftheFlemishCommunityamountedto2.478millionEURfortheEUR,whileallthepersonnelpostswereoccupied.In1998,itincreasedtomorethan4.96millionIn1997,thissystemresultedinextraoperationalfunds,amountingto2.776millionEUR,fundstionalpersonneloroperationalcosts,whilenegativebalancesmustbecoveredbyoperationaldependingontheprojectrequirements.Thismeansthatpositivebalancescanbeusedforaddiandthesalaryscale.Consequentlyitispossibletoattractmoreorlessexperiencedpersonnel,appointed,andalltheadministrativerestrictionsdisappearedintermsofage-basedseniorityJanuary1997.Permanentfull-timeequivalentswereawardedforanypersonneltobetors,thesystemforfundingResearchProjectschangedtoso-called“envelopefunding”on1combinedwithanincreasedlevelofscientificandadministrativeresponsibilityfortheinitia-IntheattempttoachieveaneconomicandeffectiveuseofthefundsfortheResearchProjects,ofpast,thoughtheyweresubsequentlytransferredtotheitemforresearchmandatesforthesakeresearchersoftheFundwerecoveredbytheprojectsfromthepointofviewofthebudgetintheTheevolutionofthefundsthatwerespentisshowninfigures15,16and17.Thepermanentsummary.supportingscientificandtechnicalpersonnel,whichwasnotyetthecaseatthestartofthesonnel.Becauseoftheincreasedsubsidy,itwaspossibletosignificantlyincreasethenumberofResearchprojectswhichareawardedtoeminentresearchunitsaresupportedbyfundsandperResearchincreasedjects,whichputpressureonthebudgetasawhole.Since1/10/1999,thebasicsumhaslionEUR.Thesumallocatedfor1999wasaffectedbytheexcessivedemandforresearchproreferredtotheresearchprojects.Inthisway,theannualbudgetwaslimitedto1.74–1.98milemphasisonsupportingindividualprojectsandyoungresearchers.Theestablishedteamsaretotalsumsince1999isduetothereallocationofthesecreditstotheiroriginalgoal:agreaterTheallocatedsumwasincreasedtomorethan2.48millionEURperyear.ThereductionoftheThe1997/1998beawardedtothe1999budget.Thereforeonlysomeofthecreditswhichwerereservedforthedealtwith,intermsofthebudget,asprojects–andthatconsequentlytheseapplicationswouldDuringthe1998selectionsession,itwasdecidedthatinfuturetheResearchGrantswouldbeacademicyearareallocatedfor1998.markeddevelopmentintheproportionofthebiomedicalsectorisparticularlystriking.to2,479EUR,whilethelimitedisstill37,184EUR.Projectsclarity,whenthisbecamepossiblefromthelegalpointofview.orothercontributions.whichmeansthatthegrowthofcontractualpersonnelcostscanbesloweddown. chapterIV.1–209
AlinesInordertocontinuepromotingtheinternationalisationofbasicresearch,threetargetedcreditInternationalgrowingThisdevelopmentstillleavesaneedforaninvestmentpolicyforlargeequipment,whiletheacquireInabsolutenumbersthisgrowthinthepersonnelparticularlybenefitsthehumanities;theyfundincreasedby36%,concentratedonscientificpersonnel.However,thetemporaryMaxWildiersdistortstheresultsbyapproximately10%inapositivesense.approximately40%ofthepersonnel.trendtowardsinternationalisationalsomakesfinancialdemands.Co-operationarebeingdeveloped. mobilitysubsidy ToattractforeignexpertiseinresearchprojectsandScientificResearchNetworks,97itythattheycancarryouttheirresearchataninstituteotherthantheirownforoneyear.57mobilhasbeenintroducedforthePostdoctoralFellowsofFWOFlanders,sosubsidieshavealreadybeenallocatedtocovertheseperiodsofoneyear. Visiting PostdoctoralFellowships forTheexactsciencesareintheleadtoanexceptionaldegree.NorthandWestEuropeansaccountevolution,containsasummaryoftheselectionswiththedistributionoverthescientificdomainsandtheirwereattractedovertheyears1996,1997,1998and1999.Table5indicatingthecountryoforigin.thelion’sshareoftheexpertswhowereattracted. Table 5.Visiting Postdoctoral Fellowships establishcooperativeventureswhichhaveagreaterimpactonscientificactivityinFlanders:thegroups,postgraduateeducationandsabbaticalleavesweregroupedtogether.Thisisdonetoresearchunitsatthepostdoctorallevel,thepositivebalancesofformercreditsforcontactInordertopromotethecoordinationbetweenandinternationalcollaborationbyFlemish ScientificResearchNetworks. serveasaleverforinterdisciplinary,transdisciplinaryandmultidisciplinaryresearch,promotingThesescientificcooperativeventuresbetweenresearchunitsoperatinginFlandersandoutside,manentplaceintheFlemishsciencescene.Currently,thereare51ofthesescientificnetworks.TheScientificResearchNetworks,establishedatthebeginningof1994,haveacquiredaperresearchshops,symposiaandresidenciesforscientificcooperationatthepostdoctorallevel,aswellasEUR.Thiscouldbeextendedifnecessary.Thisallowsforthefundingofguestlecturers,workabroad.Forfiveyears,anannualoperatingsubsidyisprovidedofamaximumof12,394.7ties),andaminimumoftworesearchgroupsfromtheFrench-speakingCommunityorfromTheseusuallyconsistofatleastthreeFlemishresearchunits(inatleasttwoFlemishuniversicoordinationmeetings. chapterIV.1–210 Yeargranted Origin Northern and Western Europa USACanadaand SouthernEurope Eastern Europe and Rusia SouthernAmerica Middle and Far East 1999113-13-311998197213-6-199726132-7-7-19964127-2615-Oceania
tificTable6showsthedistributionofthenumberofScientificResearchNetworksforeachscienunitsresearchmandates,etc.Ithasbeenfoundthatthesenetworksallowtheparticipatingresearchbecometheplatformforimportantresearchprogrammes,VisitingPostdoctoralFellowships,researchasawholeachievesahigherstandardthanitscompositeparts.Graduallytheyalsocomplementaryresearchandleadingtoafocusonparticulardisciplines.Furthermore,thetojoinlarge,prestigiousinternationalnetworks.domain(inplaceon1/1/1999). Table 6.Distribution of the number of Scientific Networks according to the domains of science. Domain of science Number% Biological TheTOTALAppliedMedicalSocialExactHumanities1529.4sciences611.8sciences815.7sciences59.8sciences1223.5sciences59.851100.0 Sabbaticalleaves Forsometime,thetivesupportforfull-timeFlemishmembersoftheAcademicStaffoftheuniversities.Theyusewerenotabolished,butwereconvertedfrom1/1/1996toprovideselec-subsidytocarryoutscientificresearchforthreemonthstooneyear. TravelGrants, bothforattendingconferencesandforspendingshortperiods abroad, have also been presented to an interdisciplinary Board for their resultalsonoticeablethattherehasbeenasteadygrowthinthenumberofsuccessfulapplications,asainstitutesthemselves.Thegreatlyimprovedresultsofthehumanitiesareequallystriking.ItisbodiesoftheFundindicatedthatthismustbeduetothegeneralstructuralproblemsintheseverystriking.TheyhavealowersuccessrateacrossalltheactivitiesoftheFund.ThegoverningBoththesmallnumberofapplicationsandthelowrateofsuccessfromthesocialsciencesaretheTables7and8showtheevolutionoftheshareofsciencesectors/domainsandthefrequencyofofThisfirstresultedinareductioninthenumberofcreditsawarded,followedbyahigherqualityassessment.theapplicationssubmitted.countrieswithwhichthereiscooperation.oftheimprovedquality,orratherthesystematicdisappearanceofinferiorsubmissions. OrganisationofscientificmeetingsinBelgium lowtraditionofsevereselection,forexampleinthebiologicalsciences.Thesuccessrateisextremelyremarkable(table9).Again,thequalitativelyinferiorapplicationshavedisappearedduetothedisciplinaryBoardInternationalContacts.Theverystrongpositionofthehumanitiesis:theseapplicationsareselectedbytheinterinthesocialsciences. chapterIV.1–211
Table 7.Evolution of travel grants according to the sector or domain of science. Table 8.Travelgrants,frequencyofthecountriesofdestination(creditsforconferences,shortvisits,withdeductionofrenouncedcredits). Country destinationof 1996199719981999Total% U.S.A. 19221220919580829.04 U.K. 534958442047.33 Italy 505245532007.19 Germany 344136381495.36 France 392637431455.21 Canada 372621321164.17 Spain 252128301043.74 Japan 13292017792.84 Greece 20181522752.70 Australia 1227238702.52 Sweden 10231423702.52 Austria 19111311541.94 Poland 1313818521.87 Hongary 191067421.51 South Africa 271418411.47 Czech Republic 128146401.44 Portugal 911118391.40 Switzerland 116812371.33 Denmark 96813361.29 Israel 72186331.19 Norway 115116331.19 Finland 61177311.11 chapterIV.1–212 Sectorscienceof Physical and exact sciences Biomedicalsciences Appliedsciences Humanities sciencesSocial Total Year n % n % n % n % n % n inamountkEUR 199622531.120127.814119.58211.47410.2723443.283199525436.917625.512317.98312.0537.7689446.233199426537.519427.512117.17610.8507.1706474.691199325536.815422.313119.08712.6649.3691478.013 Domainscienceof sciencesExact Biologicalsciences Medicalsciences Appliedsciences Humanities sciencesSocial Totaal Year n%n%n%n%n%n%n inamountkEUR 199921330.99613.914721.3639.29914.47110.3689426.203199820227.312016.217724.07810.611014.9527.0739470.799199720928.39813.318224.78411.48711.87810.5738472.113
Russia 71273291.04 Turkey 59123291.04 Mexico 36711270.97 Brasil 873826 0.93 China 651719 0.68 the Netherlands 252716 0.58 Ireland 354-120.43 Korea 811111 0.40 Egypt 521210 0.36 India 431210 0.36 Syria 124310 0.36 Singapore 15-390.32 Argentina 12339 0.32 Slovenia 41218 0.29 New-Zealand 11417 0.25 Slovakia 4-2-6 0.22 Bulgaria 31116 0.22 Hong Kong 121-40.14 Ivory Coast -13-40.14 Congo 2-1140.14 Cyprus -2114 0.14 Lithuania --2240.14 Chile -1124 0.14 Taiwan --2240.14 Vietnam -1113 0.11 the French Antilles 3---30.11 Thailand 21--30.11 Kenya -2-13 0.11 Jordan 1--230.11 Croatia -1-12 0.07 Madagascar --2-2 0.07 Malaysia -2--20.07 Bolivia -11-20.07 Colombia --2-2 0.07 Ghana 2---20.07 Iceland -2--20.07 Mali 11--20.07 the Ukraine 11--20.07 Panama ---110.04 Polynesia ---110.04 the Lebanon ---110.04 Cameroon ---110.04 Belize 1---10.04 chapterIV.1–213
Bermuda 1---10.04 Cuba 1---10.04 Ecuador --1-1 0.04 Faeroes --1-1 0.04 Philippines --1-1 0.04 Indonesia 1---10.04 Mauritania --1-1 0.04 the AntillesNetherlands 1---10.04 Pakistan 1---10.04 Rumenia -1--10.04 Tanzania -1--10.04 Zambia ---110.04 Morocco ---110.04 Botswana ---110.04 TOTAL 6857017006932782100 TheRemark:11countries with a frequency of more than 2% are printed in bold, they represent 72% of the outmany,includingCologne,andtheNetherlands,wereexcluded.AlotofcollaborationwiththesecountriesisindeedcarriedConsequently,thescientificconferenceswhichtookplaceinnorthernFrance,theGrandDuchyofLuxemburg,partofGer-withinTheneighbouringcountriesofBelgiummaybeunderestimatedbecauseupto1997,conferencecreditsrelocationcoststotal.300km(fromBrussels)werenotsubsidized.withoutthisfinancing. Table 9.Credits for scientific meetings in Belgium, according to the sector or domain of chapterIV.1–214science.Sectorscienceof Physical and exact sciences Biomedicalsciences Appliedsciences Humanities sciencesSocial Total Year n % n % n % n % n % n amountkEURin 19961625.41015.91015.92133.369.563268.44419951423.31220.0610.01525.01321.760260.8341994816.01224.0714.01428.0918.050221.09619931825.41419.768.52636.679.871203.768 Domainscienceof sciencesExact Biologicalsciences Medicalsciences Appliedsciences Humanities sciencesSocial Total 19991018.2712.7916.4814.51832.735.555241.42419981624.2812.11116.757.61928.8710.666296.8771997812.51117.2914.157.82539.069.464282.078
Chapter – IV.2 Expenditure of the funds distributed by the IWT ThesidythefinalanalysisofthevolumeandnatureofthesubsidiesallocatedundertheformerIWTsub-peanCommission.Thereforethisanalysisofexpenditurerepresentsasortofconclusion,andwithanincreaseinthesubsidypercentagesuptothemaximumacceptablelevelbytheEuro-particular,thetasksoftheIWTFlanders.Itanticipatestheexpansionoftheinnovationprocessalreadybeentaken.Thedecreeredefinesthepolicyarearelatedtotechnologicalinnovation–inimplementationarebeingdrawnupatthemoment,andanumberofimportantstepshavebeginningof1999,andwasfinallyratifiedon18May1999.Theexecutionmodalitiesforitsvation”(abbreviatedastheInnovationDecree)wentbeforetheFlemishparliamentattheMeanwhiletheDecreeon“theimplementationofthepolicytoencouragetechnologicalinno-andInformationGuideisbasedonthe1999IWTActivitiesReport,butalsoonpreviousreportsTheanalysisofexpenditurewascarriedoutduringtheperiod1992-1999.Theanalysisinthisthepreviousanalyses,aspublishedinthe1996and1999InformationGuides.regulations.evolutionoftheoverallvolumeofsubsidiesisshowninTable1. Table 1:Evolution of the overall volume of subsidies in million EUR 1992-19941995-1996199719981999 Autonomous function (R&D)18.12336.15841.97842.400 47.526* Advisory and Executive func tion (R&D) 32.04834.68031.38312.46476.624 Executive (Specialisationfunctiongrants) 3.42612.32515.02515.80616.626 Technology transfer and other projects analysisapplicationsforfinancialsubsidiesforscientificandtechnicalresearchanddevelopment.TheTheIWT’sscientificandtechnologicalmandatecomprisestheevaluationandmonitoringof(*)Theallocationauthorisations’99amountedonlyto44.913-aftertransferof9.37millionEURtotheFIOVFund.OVERALLOperationSUBTOTAL55.95087.91897.26885.823152.6832.3534.7558.70415.15411.906funds4.3705.8067.5667.5368.592TOTAL60.32093.724104.83493.359161.275Ca.2.479millionEURforprojectsweretakeninchargeofthe2000budget.ofexpenditurewasfocusedonthis. chapterIV.2–215
The applications can be submitted in the following three modalities: • AspartoftheIWT autonomousfunction: FIOVtionofthepromotionofindustrialscientific-technologicalresearchinFlanders,theso-calledlations,includingtheDecisionoftheFlemishExecutiveof23October1991fortheregulalevel.TheIWT’sboardofdirectorsdecidesautonomouslywithintheframeworkofthereguorapplicationsforresearchmandatesbyindividualresearchersforresearchatapostdoctoralbasicresearch,contributionswithadvancesorsubsidiesforthedevelopmentofprototypes,scientific-technologicalresearchatapostdoctorallevel.ThisconcernssubsidiesforindustrialsubmittedonthefreeinitiativeofbusinessesandbyindividualresearchersinthecontextofthedecisionistakenbytheIWTforapplicationsdecision. • The advisoryfunction research.programmes(MEDEAandITEA),andapplicationssubmittedinthecontextofcollectiveBeing),ITA(InformationTechnologyActionProgramme),EUREKAanditssubsidiaryGovernmentofFlanders,suchasSTWW(StrategicTechnologiesforWelfareandWell-forprojectssubmittedinthecontextofincentiveoractionprogrammesintroducedbytheoftheIWT.TheIWTpresentsitsadvicetothecompetentminister • The executivefunction 1999(R&D),submittedunderthethreefunctions,andthespecialisationgrantsfortheperiod1993-Table2providesasummaryoftheapprovedsubsidiesforresearchanddevelopmentprojects1.separatetheadvisoryandexecutivefunctionshavebeencombined,andspecialisationgrantshaveaactivitiesintheVLIMincentiveprogrammewerealsocoveredbythisfunction.Since1998,1997,theprojectsinthecontextoftheMKBProgrammeandconcludingmanagementoftheIWT:thespecialisationgrantsfordoctoratestudents.Inplaceinthis.Overallsummary(inEUR). Table 2:Division of the subsidy for scientific-technological R&D over the 3 functions Function Approved subsidy 1999 Autonomous function Advisory function Total excl. specialisation grants Executive function (specialisation grants) 1994-1999.accordingtothetypeofbodycarryingouttheresearch,ispresentedinTable3fortheperiodThedistributionoftheallocatedsubsidyperapplicant,whomustprovidethevalorisation,and(*)Thiscreditisthetotalofthedecisionsin1999intheautonomousfunction.45.042millionEURisrelatedtonewproTOTAL140,778,064.794124,151,932.03347,528,012.762*76,623,919.27116,626,132.762jectsandca.2.479millionEURisrelatedtoformerlydecidedbutnotyetallocatedprojects.Therealallocatedbudgetis44.893millionEUR. chapterIV.2–216
Table 3:Division of subsidies according to applicants and parties executing the projects 1994Percentage of IWT subsidy division according to applicantparty executing the project Businesses excluding SMEs41 inFigure1showstheevolutionofthepercentageshareofSMEsinthetotalsubsidyforbusinesses(*)IncludingTotal100MiscellaneousResearchUniversities14SMEs30273223centre121533100"Others"(1%)thatperiod. Figure 1:Percentage share of SMEs in the total subsidy for businesses chapterIV.2–217 19951996199719981999PercentageofIWTsubsidydivisionaccordingto appli-cant party cutingexetheproject appli-cant party cutingexetheproject appli-cant party cutingexetheproject appli-cant party cutingexetheproject appli-cant party cutingexetheproject Large companies54 39 47 34 55 42 57 43 4737 SMEs17 14 15 13 141315 12 2016 Universities and research institutes 12 31 21 37 13 27 5 21 2035 OZM, SB17 16 17 16 18 18 23 24 1312* Total100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100100
researchincreasedto30%.Overtheyears,itisclearthatlargebusinessesparticularlymakeuseofdieswenttoSMEsforindustrialprojects(viz.,submittedbybusinesses).In1999,thisresearch(so-calledNTBFprojects:newtechnology-basedfirms).In1998,21%ofthesubsiinthenumberofhigh-techSMEapplicationswithahighprojectbudgetforindustrialbasicindustrialprojects.Thissharehaddeclinedto24%in1995.ThiswasmainlyduetothedeclineIn1994,theSMEshareamountedto42%ofthetotalvolumeofsubsidiesallocateddirectlytoinstitutesanduniversities. 2.Autonomousfunction mainresearch,butTable4clearlyshowsacontinuationofthetrend(whichstartedin1996)withtheAsinpreviousyears,themajorityofindustrialprojectsaresubmittedasindustrialbasicducedduringtheperiod1994-1999.SinceDecember1994,twotypesofprojecthavebeenintrosubsidyandthenumberofmanyearsallocatedundertheautonomousfunctionoftheIWTTables4and5provideanoverallsummaryrespectivelyaccordingtothetypeofprojectoftheinthecontextofthenewSMEapproach:•SMEfeasibilitystudiesaimedatthedevelopmentofvaluableinnovationoptions;•SMEinnovationprojectsaimedatthedevelopmentofprototypes,demonstrationprojects,andincreasingthetechnologicalvalue.volumeofsubsidygoingtoCombinedResearchProjects. Table 4:Subsidy in the autonomous function according to project type (in million EUR)chapterIV.2–218Subsidy in autonomous Allocatedfunction subsidy 1994199519961997 (*)19981999 Industrial basic research Mixedprojectsresearch projects Prototype research projects SME feasibility projects SMR innovation projects Research mandates 10.7529.3064.5770.0301.384 13.0418.2174.1570.1141.5412.295 23.36415.1694.1380.3473.1481.395 23.7398.5622.8350.4792.9111.209 20.73512.1865.7410.3212.1761.418 TOTAL26.04929.36547.56139.73542.57745.04125.51711.5124.5920.3722.0880.960
Table 5:Subsidyintheautonomousfunctionaccordingtoprojecttype(numberofyearsofemployment) (*)These sums refer only to 1997, excluding transfers from asautonomousfunctionfor1999.Forthedistributionofsubsidiesonthebasisoftheapplicant,Figure2revealsthedistributionofsubsidiesintermsofapplicantandresearcherunderthe1996wellasonthebasisoftheresearcher,thereisacleartrendcomparedwith1998. chapterIV.2–219 Figure 2:Distributionofsubsidiesintheautonomousfunctionaccordingtoapplicantandthepartyexecutingtheprojectin1999 Subsidy in autonomous function Number of years of employment 1994199519961997 (*)19981999 Industrial basic research projects Mixed research projects Prototype research projects SME feasibility projects SME innovation projects Research mandates 133266199235 154.71238.90323.632.9246.3858.00 113.19143.03621.38384.969.6335.00 103.84608.44213.0212.9195.4830.00 122.98584.45269.319.9675.5834.50 TOTAL635824.541,307.191,063.691,096.781,230.25161.42731.08230.589.5074.6723.00
projectsFigure3showsthatmorethanhalfofthesubsidiesforSMEfeasibilitystudiesandinnovation1998)centage.Thereforeonaverage,thesubsidisedSMEprojects(51in1999,comparedwith31in1999increasedby6%,despitethefallinthenumberofprojectapplicationsandthesuccessperTheoverallvolumeofsubsidiesallocatedtoSMEfeasibilitystudiesandinnovationprojectsindersProgrammeandtheMKBprojecttype)isprobablytheexplanationforthis.ofapplicationsincomplementaryinitiativesforSMEs(inparticular,theSMEInnovationFlanthepreviousfiveyears,sincetheintroductionoftheSMEapproach.Theincreaseinthenumbercomparisonwith1998,thisonlyfellby7%to127applications,stillwellabovetheaveragefornumberofapplicationsfromSMEsforapreliminarydiscussiononpossibleprojectproposals.Indeclinedbyapproximately23%.Thisdeclinedoesnotcorrespondwiththetrendintermsoftheparedwiththepreviouscalendaryear,thenumberofapplicationsforanSMEinnovationprojectWhilethenumberofapplicationsforanSMEfeasibilitystudyremainedstablein1999,comstartersincreasedfrom18%to36%.Thisissolelyduetotheapplicantsforsubsidyfromhigh-tech20%to41%.Ifthesubsidyisdivideduponthebasisoftheexecutionoftheproject,thisThesubsidyforSMEs,whichmustserveastheapplicantforthevalorisation,increasedforminbiotechnologyandinformationtechnology.becameslightlymoreexpensive.gotoSMEsinthetraditionalelectro-mechanicalsector(basictechnologies). 3.Advisoryfunction thementsoftheadvisorysectorfortheperiod1994-1999.Withthistable,itispossibletofollowTable6providesasummaryofthesubsidyallocatedandthenumberofmanyearsinthedepartbyaspartofaprogrammeorcollectiveresearch,andalsoaboutspecificevaluationscommissionedUnderitsadvisoryfunction,theIWTadvisesthecompetentministeraboutprojectssubmittedtheminister.changesinemphasisovertheyears. chapterIV.2–220 Figure 3:Subsidy for SME-Feasibility studies and Innovation projects according to domain
chapterIV.2–221 Table6:SummaryofsubsidyintheadvisoryfunctioninmillionsofEUR+numberofyearsofemployment Subsidyinadvisory function 199419951996199719981999 Subsidy allocated Numberof yearsof employment Subsidy allocated Numberof yearsof employment Subsidy allocated Numberof yearsof employment Subsidy allocated Numberof yearsof employment Subsidy allocated Numberof yearsof employment Subsidy allocated Numberof yearsof employment 1.864493.42267.002.99557.816.354138.334.00697.144.125110.42EUREKAexcl.JESSI 3.737914.91779.179.249158.42EUREKAJESSI 2.816632.67959.464.95710.92INM 2.53925VLAB 26.127730.74ITA22.310591.58 5.723115.83ITEA 1.23912.00ITC 10.3982043.18644.581.98332.174.585105.86VLIET 0.08530.37113.95TMB 3.32854.25Medialab 1.63612.00ADV/BO 21.299394.251.66034.0025.369416.17MEDEA 4.20767.58HOBU 0.2937.85KIV 17.154266.58STWW 3.7022571.622146.732.259246.942.094197.572.213200.481.902171.83Coll.Centraprojecten TOTAAL 25.140 69242.3241,141.6324.027540.3437.867849.7512.464437.4876.5831,672.42 JESSI:JointEuropeanSubmicronSiliconProgram INM:StimulusprogrammeforNewMaterials VLAB:FlemishBiotechnologyActionProgramme ITA:ActionprogrammeforInformationTechnology ITEA:InformationTechnologyforEuropeanAdvancement ITC:IT-Centre VLIET:FlemishStimulusprogrammeforEnergyTechnology TMB:ConvenantforFlemishTextileMachineryandSytemBuilding ADV/BO:ValorizationprojectinthefieldofBiotechnology MEDEA:Micro-ElectronicsDevelopmentforEuropeanApplications KIV:SmallandMedium-sizedEnterprisesInnovationFlanders STWW:StrategicTechnologiesforthepromotionofWell-beingandWelfare
forFigure4showsthedifferenceinthetypeofsubsidyforallprogrammesoftheadvisoryfunctiontheyears1994and1999. chapterIV.2–222 Figure 4:Summary of the subsidy in the advisory function 1994 and 1999
Somefunding.forfutureindustrialprojects.Finally,four(smaller)demonstrationprojectsalsoreceived–thematicandcoordinatedresearchbyvariousleadinggroups.Thisisviewedasastrongbasisportfolioconsisted(inadditionto24industrialprojects)offourgenericbasicresearchprojectsAttheendof1998,theselectionprocedurestartedforITA-II.Aftertheselection,theprojecttheresearchactivitiesamountingtoapproximately250manyearsperyear.Therewasadeclineininternationalmarket.Afterthestartingyearin1995,ITA-Iestablishedanaveragerateofthefirststage,whichranfrom1995to1998,arenowbeingsuccessfullycommercialisedontheextendinganinnovativetechnologicalpotentialofglobalproportions.Importantresultsfromfieldofmultimediacommunications,products,applicationsandservices.ThisisdonebywastostrengthentheinternationalcompetitivepositionoftheFlemishICTindustryinthejectsintheICTfield.Acreditamountingto22.3millionEURwasallocatedtothis.TheaimstartasecondstageoftheInformationTechnologyActionprogramme(ITA)forR&DproOn23July1998,theGovernmentofFlandersdecided,onthebasisoftheIWTproposals,to1998transitionalyear(betweenITA-IandITA-II).oftheseprojectscametoanendatthebeginningof2001.
ITA
chapterIV.2–223 Figure 5:Subsidised years of employment ITA-I en ITA-II
EUREKA (excluding MEDEA and ITEA) ITEA,tive”influenceonthebottom-upportfolio.ItismainlyinMEDEA,andmorerecentlyalsoinTheclusterprojectsappeartobemoresuccessfulformeetingthetrendswhichhavea“nega-aFrameworkProgramme),togetherledtoareductionintheEUREKAprojectportfolioandtopetitivepressureleadingtolesslong-termR&D,thechangedscopeofoperationoftheFifthThechangedcontextforindustrialR&Dandinnovation(globalisation,moreintensivecom-ofastrategicstudybyapanelspeciallyestablishedforthispurpose.ThisexaminedtheevolutionDuringtheTurkishpresidency(June1998-June1999),theEUREKAnetworkcommissionedThefieldstrialR&Dprogrammesoverseveralyears,initiatedandmanagedbyEuropeanfirmsintheTheso-calledEUREKA“cluster”projectsarelabelledonceinthesameway.TheseareinduswhichThedescriptionofthelabelledprojectsandtheconsortiaconcernedispublicisedonadatabaseTheprojectsoftheformer(bottom-up)typeeachreceiveanindividuallabelofrecognition.industry.grammedwayandprojectswhicharegeneratedinthe“clusters”organisedbytheEuropeanICTheEUREKAprogrammemakesadistinctionbetweenprojectswhicharesetupinanon-proproject.country.FlemishparticipantscanbesubsidisedbytheIWTfortheirshareintheEUREKAnersinaprojectisallocatedbythecompetentgovernmentofeachindividualparticipatingtries.EUREKAassignsalabeltotheprojectsithasapproved.FinancialsupportforthepartAEUREKAprojectalwaysinvolvesatleasttwopartnersfromtwodifferentEUREKAcounisaccessibleontheEUREKAwebsite(http://www.eureka.be).ofinformationandtelecommunicationtechnology.EUREKAprojectportfoliohasundergoneathoroughevolutionsinceitstartedup.theportfolio,lookedforcausallinksandpresentedanumberofoptionsforthefuture.reductioninthecontributionoflargeindustrialfirms.thattheshareoflargeprojectsandlargefirmsappearstopredominate. The Flemish project portfolio ofFlandershasaprominentpresenceinthisinternationalplatform,witharelativelyhighnumberofCooperativeventuresbetweenlargecompaniesandresearchinstitutespredominate.Theshareprojects.stantsince1995,andamountsonaverageto3.22millionEUR,dividedoverabouteightTheannualvolumeofIWTsubsidiesforFlemishEUREKApartnershasremainedfairlyconfrom(morethanthreeparticipatingcountries)graduallydeclinedinthecourseofthelastfiveyearstrends.ThisisillustratedbythefactthattheshareofprojectswithlargeinternationalconsortiaTheFlemishEUREKAprojectportfolioisalsosubjecttotheabove-mentionedinternationalerlandsthreepartnercountriesinEUREKAprojectswithFlemishparticipationareFrance,theNethofthesearesubsidisedbytheIWT,andthisproportionisincreasing.Byfarthemostimportant75%oftheBelgianparticipationinEUREKAisaccountedforbyFlemishparticipations.HalfandGermany.30%to0%in1999.subsidiesforconsortiainwhichSMEsparticipateamountsonaverageto25%.bottom-upprojectsandaleadingcontributiontotheclusters. chapterIV.2–224
EUREKA/MEDEA EuropeanFlandersprovided9%ofthetotalannualsubsidiesinMEDEA.Incomparisonwiththeotheremploymentof411manyears(4,934manmonths).Onthebasisofthedatafor1997-1999,acterisedas“combinedresearch”.Uptotheendof2000,theprogrammesubsidisedtheTheaveragepercentageofsubsidyisslightlymorethan50%,andmostoftheprojectsarecharthiscompanies.Ifonlythesizeofthecompanyistakenintoaccount,andnottheshareholdership,uct”forSMEs,morethan12%ofFlemishresearchsubsidiesisstillallocatedtothesesortsofDespitethefactthatbecauseofitsspecificfocus,MEDEAiscertainlynotthe“optimumprodtechnology.resentsasuccess,takingintoaccountthesizeofourregionandthespecificcharacterofthealargecompany,foursmallcompanies(threeFIOVSMEs),andfiveresearchgroups.Thisrep-Altogether,approximately15teamswillbeactivepartnersinMEDEA,sixofwhicharepartofnerspartners,oneofwhichisusuallyaresearchinstitute.AttheEuropeanlevel,thenumberofpart-TheaveragenumberofpartnersperprojectintheFlemishsectorisfairlyhigh,viz.,twotothreesubsidised.FortheFlemishMEDEAparticipationduringthesecondstagein1999-2000,15projectswereingtheFlemishlevel.Anotherpositiveaspectisthatanincreasingnumberofsmallerfirms,includ-Thecooperationisgoingwell,andthefirstsetofresultscanbepreparedforexploitation,alsoatofregionalornationalgovernmentisresponsiblefortheannualtechnicalmonitoringofasubsetWithregardtomonitoring,theIWTispartofasystemofinternationalmonitoring.Everyapproximatelyparticipationsin14projects.Overall,theFlemishsubsidiesfortheseprojectsamountedtoviz.,theoperatingyears1997and1998,theGovernmentofFlanderssubsidisedtheFlemishCurrently,approximately40projectsarebeingcarriedoutinMEDEA.Duringthefirststage,ductioncards),designtechniquesandlibraries,CMOSprocesstechnologies&platformsandICprogies,Communicationtechnologies,Specificapplicationtechnologies(automobileandsmartprogrammeproposalisbuiltuparoundsixkeycompetences:Multimediachip-settechnolocomprisesEuropeanR&Dprojectsinmicroelectronicsandinformationtechnology.Theperiod1/1/97–31/12/2000.MEDEAarosefromthelargeelectronicsgroupsinEurope,andprojectcomposedofvariousEuropeanprojects,whichacquiredtheEUREKAlabelfortheMEDEA(Micro-ElectronicsDevelopmentsforEuropeanApplications)isaEUREKAclustertechniques.23.79millionEURfortwoyears.theseprojectsattheEuropeanlevel,incooperationwiththeMEDEAorganisation.SMEs,areinvolvedinthedevelopments.issignificantlyhigher.increasesto15%.partners,thisisasignificantcontribution. EUREKA/ITEA MEDEA.ITEAisfollowingthemodelofearlier(successful)programmes,suchasJESSanditssuccessor,theyproposeresearchactivitiesforapproximately20,000manyearsfortheperiodupto2006.fundingisfoundfortheprogrammewithinoneyear.ITEAisveryambitiousinthisrespect:usualforthistypeofclusterprojectinEUREKA,thislabelisawardedontheconditionthatforaperiodofeightyears.InitiativesweretakenbythelargeITsystembuildersinEurope.AsiscomposedofvariousEuropeanprojects,whichwasgiventheEUREKAlabelfromJuly1999ITEA(InformationTechnologyforEuropeanAdvancement)isaEUREKAclusterproject chapterIV.2–225
seemsusefulcontributions,extendingthefieldofparticipationwithalargerparticipationofSMEscomefromfourlargeindustrialgroups.InafieldinwhichseveralsmallercompaniescanmakewereSMEs(14%oftheindustrialsubsidy),andfourwereresearchgroups.Theotherteams16teamsreceivedapositiverecommendationtobeanactivepartnerinITEA,ofwhichtwoWiththeagreementinprinciplegivenbytheGovernmentofFlanderson17December1999,1999.emphasisisverystrong.Intheend,eightapplicationsforsubsidieswerereceivedinSeptemberBelgiumparticipatesin12projectsinthis“startinground”.AsinMEDEA,theFlemishabove.fewbasicprojects,thenextroundswillservetocompletetheareasofcompetenceoutlined1999.ITEAstartedupasa“rollingprogramme”.AfterthefirstroundfocusedonsettingupaInthecontextofITEA,19proposalswereformulatedinthefirstroundattheEuropeanlevelinismultimodaluserinterfacesandsoftwaredevelopmentprocesses.Acomplexsystemengineeringcommunication,distributedinformationandservices,informationprocessing(“content”),posedanumberofpriorityareasofcompetencefortheprogramme:advancedmultimedia,importance,Europecannotaffordtoremainbehind,andaninitiativeisneeded.ITEAprogingbehindinthisfield,particularlyinrelationtotheUSA.Inviewofitsincreasingtemsforcommunication,consumerandprofessionalmultimedia.Europeissignificantlylagformonitoringandapplicationsatthetop,andinthecomponentsofsoftwareintensivesysIntermsofcontent,ITEAappliesitselftoembeddedsystemsoftware,viz.,thesoftwarelayerthegenericfieldonwhichallthisisbased.desirable. STWW TheSTWWprogrammeconsistsoftwoseparateparts.Projectsinthe16hand.TheSTWWprogrammewasdecideduponbythepreviousGovernmentofFlandersonbetweentheworldofresearch,ontheonehand,andsocietyandtheeconomy,ontheotherisalsoofstrategicvaluetoFlanders.Oneofthebasicobjectivesistoserveasabridgefunctionforscientific-technologicalresearchwithdemonstrableeconomicorsocialaddedvalue,whichTheSTWWprogrammeisintendedtobecross-sectoral,andacomplementarysubsidychannelDecember1997and24July1998. TechnologyandEconomic sectorconcernstrategicbasicresearchwithalong-termeconomiceffect.In TechnologyandSoci ety cialproblems.Thebestprojectinthesetwopartsoftheprogrammeisalsoeligibleasa,projectsareexpectedwhichwillprovideatechnologicalcontributionforthesolutionofso TechnologyDevelopmentArea, a larger project receiving more 11programme,and1projectwasrecognisedasa“TechnologyDevelopmentArea”.Inaddition,17.15millionEUR.Ofthese,15projectsarepartofthe“TechnologyandEconomics”GovernmentofFlandersdecidedtoawardsubsidiesto26STWWprojectsforanoverallsumofThefirstSTWWinvitationforproposalstookplacein1998,andon19November1999,thefunding.projectswereselectedinthe“TechnologyandSociety”programme. chapterIV.2–226
Collective centres remarkablythistrend,theshareofthecollectivecentresinindustrialcontractswiththeIWTremainedalthoughtherewasaslightperceptibleincreaseinFlanders’shareofthewholesum.Despitearesmallerinsize.Theextentofthesubsidiesallocatedwaslogicallyalsoatalowpoint,1999.Asregardsthebudget,theprojectsofCoRI,CRM,CWOBKNandWTCBinparticular,Thenumberofapplications,aswellasthesubsidiesappliedfor,wereataminimumlevelinregionalcontributionsweredistributedinaccordancewiththedistributionkeysonthebasisofthegovernmentfunding(includingthefederallevel)and55%ofthefundingbytheregions.TheIn1999,thecontributionforFlandersamountedto1.9millionEUR,or27.5%ofthetotalportfolioconcerned,overthevariousregions.Theagreementcanbeterminatedeveryyear,butthe1999withsetkeysforeverycentre,relatedtothedistributionoftheindustrialactivityofthesectorpays25%oftheacceptedcosts,andtheregionstogetherpay25%,distributedinaccordanceundertakestocontributeafixed,substantialcontribution.Inprinciple,thefederalgovernmentfundingandconsultationbetweentheregionsandthefederalgovernment,inwhicheachpartyerationbetweentheregionsandthefederalgovernmentisbasedontheprinciplesofjointloonRegionandtheBrusselsCapitalRegion.Thisagreementwasrenewedin1995.Thecoopfundingofthecollectivecentres,concludedbetweenthestate,theFlemishRegion,theWalTheR&DprojectsareinaccordancewiththeCooperationAgreementof8March1991,ontheotherhand,thisconcernsprenormativeprojects(fundedbythefederalgovernment),andontheprojectsinthecontextofjointsubsidiesbythefederalgovernmentandtheregions.OntheoneIWT,andthesubsidiesforthetechnologicaladvisoryservices,thecentrescanalsocarryoutInadditiontotheparticipationinprojectsundertheautonomousandadvisoryfunctionofthehand,R&Dprojects.wascarriedoutwithoutanychanges.importanceofthesector.low.However,instrumentssuchasMKBandKIVareusedbythecentres. VLIET-bis qualifiedabandonedtheexecution,whilesomescientificpartnerswereonlyabletoattractthenecessaryon22July1998arebeingcarriedoutinthescientific-technologicalsector.ThreeapplicantsHowever,notall16projectsincludedintheselectionapprovedbytheGovernmentofFlandersernmenttermopportunitiesforvalorisation.ThisstrategyofconservationwasreinforcedbytheGovderstomaintainanadequatelevelofknow-how,whiledevotingattentiontorealisticshort-researchprovisionwasbasedontheconsiderationthatitcontinuestobeimportantforFlanTheargumentsbehindthesecondcallforproposalsforVLIET’sscientific,technologicalofFlanderswithadecisiontolaunchasecondinvitationattheendof1997.employeeswithdifficulty,becauseofthecurrentindustrialclimate. chapterIV.2–227
The sectoral distribution of the projects under the autonomous and advisory function activitiesand1999,inaccordancewiththeNACEcode(thestatisticalnomenclatureoftheeconomicThesectoraldistributionoftheprojectsundertheautonomousandadvisoryfunctionin1995intheEuropeanUnion)isindicatedinTables7and8. Table 7:Sectoraldivisionoftheprojectsintheautonomousandadvisoryfunction(onlybusinesses)1995 codeNACE Sector Numberprojectsof Subsidy allocated (in EUR) % 01Agriculture and hunting1 8,656.144 0.01 15 Manufacture of Food Products and Beverages 4 609,689.042 1.05 17Manufacture of Textiles1 102,029.950 0.18 20 Manufacture of Wood and of Products of Wood and Cork 1 20,075.905 0.03 22 Publishing, Printing and Repro duction of Recorded Media 2 787,176.220 1.36 24 Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products 15 7,793,460.296 13.45 25 Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products 10 2,135,455.467 3.69 26 Manufacture of Other Nonmetallic Mineral Products 3 764,764.985 1.32 27Manufacture of Basic Metals6 1,328,372.777 2.29 28 Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Equipment 4 663,810.942 1.15 29 Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment N.E.C. 11 1,227,051.406 2.12 30 Manufacture of Office Machinery and Computers 3 2,402,653.626 4.15 31 Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus N.E.C. 4 523,427.252 0.90 32 Manufacture of Radio, Television and Communication Equipment and Apparatus 35 26,444,689.476 45.64 33 Manufacture of Medical, Preci sion and Optical Instruments, Watches and Clocks 14 3,588,071.413 6.19 34 Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-trailers 1 270,784.360 0.47 36 Manufacturing of Furniture; Manufacturing N.E.C. 1 43,225.739 0.07 45Construction2 371,649.880 0.64 51 Wholesale trade and commission sale 3 449,029.175 0.78 72Computer and related activities22 6,792,091.874 11.72 73Research and development2 165,555.418 0.29 74Other business activities9 1,219,716.658 2.11 90Other service activities1 226,248.702 0.39 155 57,937,686.707 100.00 chapterIV.2–228
Tabel 8:Sectoraldivisionoftheprojectsintheautonomousandadvisoryfunction(onlybusinesses)1999 positieve projecten per aanvrager NACE 1999 (enkel bedrijven) -codeNACE Sector Numberprojectsof Subsidy allocated (in EUR) %l 01Agriculture and hunting2 352,688.257 0.33% 15 Manufacture of Food Products and Beverages 10 2,201,268.570 2.04% 17Manufacture of Textiles4 1,211,592.518 1.13% 21 Manufacture of Pulp, Paper and Paper Products 1 14,665.381 0.01% 24 Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products 23 19,540,274.046 18.15% 25 Manufacture of Rubber and Plas tic Products 8 1,560,847.622 1.45% 26 Manufacture of Other Nonmetallic Mineral Products 1 36,154.626 0.03% 27Manufacture of Basic Metals6 779,668.269 0.72% 28 Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Equipment 8 985,359.185 0.92% 29 Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment N.E.C. 24 3,664,455.440 3.40% 30 Manufacture of Office Machinery and Computers 2 380,515.296 0.35% 31 Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus N.E.C. 4 564,185.757 0.52% 32 Manufacture of Radio, Television and Communication Equipment and Apparatus 44 38,941,322.710 36.16% 33 Manufacture of Medical, Preci sion and Optical Instruments, Watches and Clocks 9 1,845,953.708 1.71% 34 Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-trailers 1 2,469,228.778 2.29% 45Construction2 892,001.368 0.83% 51 Wholesale trade and commission sale 5 1,261,164.852 1.17% 72Computer and related activities34 16,635,640.123 15.45% 73Research and development13 12,355,280.752 11.47% 74Other business activities11 1,990,451.414 1.85% 212 107,682,718.673 100.00% chapterIV.2–229
4.Executivefunction The specialisation grants of the IWT This concerns four year doctoral grants, awarded for periods of twice two years. Implicationsforthebudget,period1992-2000 “benchjectexpensesandthesystematicexpansionofthisrepaymentforallgrants.In1999-2000,atheamountsforgrantswastakenintoaccount,aswellastheamountsfortherepaymentofprofrom1992.Whenthebudgetprogrammeforthesefundswasdrawnup,theannualrevisionofFigure6illustratesthesystematicincreaseinthecontributionsforthespecialisationgrantsfee”wasallocatedtoallgrants(firsttofourthyears)forthefirsttime. Evolutioninthescientificdisciplines Figure 7 shows the most important trends for each discipline since 1986: • groups.chemists,bio-engineers,civilengineersandbiologistsarestillthemoststronglyrepresentedTogethertheyrepresentalmost80%ofthetotalnumberofgrants; • the trends which have been apparent since 1995 continue in almost every group; • theshareofthe AppliedSciences grants.longerthemoststronglyrepresenteddisciplineamongstthewholepopulationofIWThasfallenfurtherthisyearby2.4%to19.9%,sothatitisnoTheabsolutenumberofgrantsalsofell,from124to114; • thestronglydecliningtrendwhichstartedfor chemists 20.5%,continuedtodeclinein1999.Thedeclineamountsto1%ortwogrants.However,within1992levelledofftwoyearsago,andthisdisciplineiscurrentlystillthelargestgroupofIWTgrants; • the bio-engineers havelostgroundforthefirsttimesince1986.Nevertheless,thelossislim ited to one grant or 0.8%, so that they represent almost 1/5 of the total number of grants; chapterIV.2–230 Figure 6:Subsidies made available for specialisation grants from the budget from 1992 - 2000
• werethethegroupwhichundeniablymadethegreatestprogressin1999(asinthepreviousyear) bio(techno)logists ofincreasedinterestinthesedisciplines,particularlybiology,linkedtothegoodperformancerentlyaccountfor17.7%ofthetotalnumber.Thisincreaseisproportionaltoastrongly.Thenumberofgrantsincreasedfrom81to101,sothattheycurthebio-technologists; • stronglyoveralltermsallthetime,andexceedsthepercentagesofthedisciplineswhicharemostchangesintheotherdisciplinesaregenerallyverylimited.Thisgroupdoesbecomelargerinrepresentedforthefirsttime. Evolution with regard to the universities dividedFigure8showsthecompositionofthenumberofgrantsfortheacademicyear1999-2000,overtheFlemishuniversities. chapterIV.2–231 Figure 8:Distribution of IWT specialisation grants over the Flemish universities (1999-2000) Figure 7:Evolution of the specialisation grants per discipline in the period 1986-1999
For1990Table9outlinestheevolutionofthenumberofIWTgrantsattheFlemishuniversitiesbetweenand1999.theindividualinstitutes,thefollowingconclusionscanbedrawn.•ThesteadilyincreasingtrendattheCatholicUniversityofLeuvenfrom1991-1992inboththeabsolutenumberofgrantsandintherelativeshare,startedtostagnatein1998.Despitealossof8grantsin1999,thisuniversitystillaccountsforalmost44%(251)ofthetotalnumberofgrants.•Overthetenacademicyears,theRUGrepresentsonaverageslightlymorethanonethirdofallIWTgrants,andduringthisperiod,asystematicincreaseinthenumberofgrantswasalsonoticeablethere.Thiscontinuedin1999,andthenumberincreasedby13to199.•Likethelasttwouniversities,thenumberofIWTgrantsattheVUBhasgrownsystematicallysince1990.Incontrastwithlastyear,whentheVUBachievedthegreatestprogressofalltheuniversities,itlosteightgrantsthisyear(-2%).Thisuniversitystillrepresentsalmost8%ofallthecurrentIWTgrants.•Thisyear,theuniversitiesofAntwerp(UIAandRUCA)morethanmadeupforthestagnationofthepreviousyears.Infact,theyhaveincreasedmostofall,andwithanadditional21grants,theirshareisnow11.5%ofalltheIWTgrants.ThisisdirectlyrelatedtoaremarkableincreaseinthenumberofUAapplicationsthisyear. chapterIV.2–232 Table 9:Evolution of the specialisation grants over the Flemish universities in the period 1990-1999 Total318317365396435457512545555572SCK2LUC459814161311109VUB24242628323544465547UA39394951504341504566RUG110116121134144156177182186199KULeuven139133160175195207237256259251Universities’90-’91’91-’92’92-’93’93-’94’94-’95’95-’96’96-’97’97-’98’98-’99’99-’00
Henri DETheBRAEKELEER,meal,1885(DiaKMSKA)
APPENDIX1 APPENDIX2 APPENDIX3 233 APPENDICES1–2–3
APPENDIX–1 List of abbreviations COODepartementCISCommissievoorInternationaleSamenwerking(InternationalCooperaCFSCommissievoorFederaleSamenwerking(FederalCooperationCBGSCentrumvoorBevolkings-enGezinsstudiën(CentreforPopulationandBOFBijzonderBILBelgischBBPBrutoBABasisallocatieAZFDepartementAlgemeneZakenenFinanciën(GeneralAffairsandAWZAdministratieWaterwegenenZeewezen(WaterwaysandMarineAffairsAWIAdministratieWetenschapenInnovatie(ScienceandInnovationAURORAAirAROHMAdministratieRuimtelijkeOrdening,Huisvesting,MonumentenenAPSAdministratiePlanningenStatistiek(PlanningandStatisticsANREAfdelingNatuurlijkeRijkdommenenEnergie(NaturalResourcesandAMINALAdministratieMilieu,Natuur-,Land-enWaterbeheer(Environment,AMINABELAfdelingAlgemeenMilieu-enNatuurbeleid(GeneralEnvironmentandAGRINFOFederalePR-agentschapvoorland-entuinbouwsector(FederalPRAGMWAdministratieGezinenMaatschappelijkWelzijn(FamilyandSocialWelfareAdministration)AgencyfortheAgriculturalandHorticulturalSector)NaturePolicyDivision)Nature,LandandWaterManagementAdministration)EnergyDivision)Administration)Landschappen(TownandCountryPlanning,Housing,MonumentsandSitesAdministration)QualityinUrbanRegionsusinganOptimalResolutionApproachAdministration)Administration)FinanceDepartment)(BasicAllocation)BinnenlandsProduct(CrossNationalProduct)InstituutvoorLastechniek(BelgianWeldingInstitute)Onderzoeksfonds(SpecialResearchFund)FamilyStudies)Commission)tionCommission)Coördinatie(CoordinationDepartment) appendix-1–235
IIKWInteruniversitairInstituutvoorKernwetenschappen(Inter-UniversityIFBInternationalIEAInternationalAssociationfortheEvaluationofEducationAchievementICTInformationIBWInstituutvoorBosbouwenWildbeheer(InstituteforForestryandIAPInstituutvoorhetArcheologischPatrimonium(InstitutefortheHOBUHogerOnderwijsBuitendeUniversiteit(Non-UniversityHigherHBPWBHorizontaalBegrotingsprogrammaWetenschapsbeleid(HorizontalGOMGewestelijkeOntwikkelingsmaatschappij(RegionalDevelopmentGISGeografischeGIMVGewestelijkeInvesteringsmaatschappijVlaanderen(FlandersRegionalGFT-afvalGroenten-,GBOUGenerischBasisonderzoekaandeUniversiteiten(GeneralbasicresearchFWOFondsvoorWetenschappelijkOnderzoek–Vlaanderen(FundforSci-FIOVFondstotbevorderingvanhetIndustrieelOnderzoekinVlaanderenFEVIAFederatievandeVoedingsindustrie(FederationoftheBelgianFoodF.T.IFlandersEWBLDepartementEconomie,Werkgelegenheid,BinnenlandseAangelegenEUREKAEuropeanEUREuroEUEuropeanESAEuropeanERDFEuropeanEMISEnergie-enMilieuInformatiesysteem(EnergyandEnvironmentInforDWTCFederaleDienstenvoorWetenschappelijke,TechnischeenCultureleDABDienstCWOBKNCentrumvoorWetenschappelijkOnderzoekvandeBelgischeCRESTScientificCOSTEuropeanCooperationinthefieldofScientificandTechnicalResearchCoRIOnderzoeksinstituutvoorbekledingen,verveneninkten(CoatingsResearchInstitute)andTechnicalResearchCommitteeKeramischeNijverheid(BelgianCeramicResearchCentre)metAfzonderlijkBeheer(SeparateManagementService)aangelegenheden(FederalOfficeforScientific,TechnicalandCulturalAffairs)mationSystem)RegionalDevelopmentFundSpaceAgencyUnionResearchCoordinationAgencyhedenenLandbouw(Economics,Employment,HomeAffairsandAgricultureDepartment)TechnologyInternationalIndustry)(FundforthePromotionofIndustrialResearchinFlanders)entificResearch-Flanders)attheuniversities)Fruit-enTuinafval(Fruit,VegetabelsandGardenwaste)InvestmentCompany)InformatieSysteem(GeographicInformationSystem)Agency)BudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy)Education)ArchaeologicalHeritage)GameManagement)andCommunicationTechnologyForumforBiophilosophyInstituteofNuclearSciences) appendix-1–236
NACEStatistischenomenclatuurvandeeconomischeactiviteitenindeNABSNomenclaturefortheanalysisandcomparisonofscientificprogrammesMISManagementMIRAMilieu-enNatuurrapportVlaanderen(EnvironmentandNatureMINAMERMilieuEffectRapportMEDEAMicro-ElectronicsMAPMestLUCLimburgsLINDepartementLeefmilieuenInfrastructuur(EnvironmentandInfraKWOKoude-WarmteOpslagKVABKoninklijkeVlaamseAcademievanBelgiëvoorWetenschappenenKULeuvenKatholiekeKUBrusselKatholiekeKMSKAKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchonenKunsten–Antwerpen(RoyalKMOKleineenMiddelgroteOndernemingen(SmallandMedium-sizedKMDAKoninklijkeMaatschappijvoorDierkundeteAntwerpen(RoyalZoo-KGAKleinKBINKoninklijkBelgischInstituutvoorNatuurwetenschappen(RoyalBel-JESSIJointIWTInstituutvoordeaanmoedigingvanInnovatiedoorWetenschapenIWETOInventarisvanhetWetenschappelijkenTechnologischOnderzoekIUBInteruniversitaireBegeleidingsgroep(InteruniversitySupervisionITGInstituutvoorTropischeGeneeskunde-“PrinsLeopold”(InstituteofITEAInformationITAActieprogrammaInformatietechnologie(InformationTechnologyITInformatieIOBVlaamsInteruniversitairInstituutvoorOntwikkelingsbeleiden–beheerINESInternationalINInstituutIMECInteruniversitairMicro-ElektronicaCentrum(InteruniversityMicro-ElectronicsCentre)voorNatuurbehoud(InstituteofNatureConservation)IndicatorsofEducationSystem(InstituteofDevelopmentPolicyandManagement)Technology(InformationTechnology)ActionProgramme)TechnologyforEuropeanAdvancementTropicalMedicine-“PrinsLeopold”)Group)(InventoryofScientificandTechnologicalResearch)TechnologieinVlaanderen(InstituteforthePromotionofInnovationbyScienceandTechnologyinFlanders)EuropeanSubmicronSiliconInitiativegianInstituteofNaturalSciences)GevaarlijkAfval(SmallDangerousWaste)logicalSocietyofAntwerp)Enterprises)MuseumofFineArts–Antwerp)UniversiteitBrussel(CatholicUniversityofBrussels)UniversiteitLeuven(CatholicUniversityofLouvain)Kunsten(RoyalFlemishAcademyofBelgiumforSciencesandArts)(Cold-heatstorage)structureDepartment)UniversitairCentrum(LimburgUniversityCentre)ActiePlan(FertilizerActionPlan)DevelopmentforEuropeanApplication(EnvironmentalEffectReport)FundMilieu-enNatuurfonds(EnvironmentandNatureFund)ReportFlanders)InformatieSysteem(ManagementInformationSystem)andbudgetsEuropeseUnie(GeneralIndustrialClassificationofEconomicActivitieswithintheEuropeanCommunities) appendix-1–237
NMRNucleaire magnetische resonantie (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) NODNederlandse Onderzoek Databank (Dutch Research PRODEMPromotie-endemonstratiecentrumvoormilieuvriendelijkePIDEAPackagingandInterconnectionDevelopmentforEuropeanPCBPolychloorbifenylPBOProgrammaBeleidsgerichtOnderzoek(ProgrammeforPolicy-orientedPAKPolyaromatischeOVAMOpenbareAfvalstoffenmaatschappijvoorhetVlaamseGewest(PublicONDDepartementOIVOOnderzoeks-enInformatiecentrumvandeVerbruikersOrganisatiesOCMWOpenbaarCentrumvoorMaatschappelijkWelzijn(PublicCentreforOBPWOOnderwijskundigBeleids-enPraktijkgerichtWetenschappelijkDatabase)Onderzoek(Educationalpolicyandpractice-orientedscientificresearch)SocialWelfare)(Researchandinfocentreoftheconsumerorganisations)Onderwijs(EducationDepartment)WasteAgencyofFlanders)koolwaterstoffen(Polyaromatichydrocarbons)Research)(Polychlorinatedbiphenyl)Applicationstechnologieën(Promotionanddemonstrationcentreforenvironmentally-friendlytechnologies)R&DResearchandDevelopmentRUCAUniversitairCentrumAntwerpen(UniversityCentreAntwerp)RUGUniversiteitGent(UniversityofGhent)RWZIRioolwaterzuiveringsinstallatie(sewagewaterpurificationplant)SERVSociaal-EconomischeRaadvanVlaanderen(Socio-economicCouncilofFlanders)SIFSociaalImpulsfonds(SocialImpulseFund)SMESmallandMediumsizedEnterpriseSTETScientificandTechnicalEducationandTrainingSTSScientificandTechnologicalServicesSTVStichtingTechnologieVlaanderen(FoundationTechnologyFlanders)STWWStrategischeTechnologieënvoordebevorderingvanWelzijnenWelvaart(StrategicTechnologiesforthepromotionofWell-beingandWelfare)TATechnologyAssessmentTULTransnationaleUniversiteitLimburg(TransnationalUniversityLimburg)TWOLToegepastWetenschappelijkOnderzoekLeefmilieu(AppliedScientificresearchintotheEnvironment)UFSIAUniversitairFaculteitenSt.IgnatiusAntwerpen(UniversityFacultiesSt.IgnatiusAntwerp)UIAUniversitaireInstellingAntwerpen(UniversityInstitute,Antwerp)UNESCOUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationUNUUnitedNationsUniversity–UniversiteitvandeVerenigdeNatiesVIBVlaamsInteruniversitairInstituutvoorBiotechnologie(FlandersInteruniversityInstituteforBiotechnology)VIFVlaamsInfrastructuurfonds(FlemishInfrastructureFund)VIONAVlaamsInteruniversitairOnderzoeksnetwerkArbeidsmarktrapportering(Flemishinteruniversityresearchnetworkforemploymentmarketreporting) appendix-1–238
WVCDepartementWelzijn,VolksgezondheidenCultuur(Welfare,PublicWTOWorldWTCMWetenschappelijkenTechnischCentrumvoordeMetaalverwerkendeWKKWarmtekrachtkoppelingWIMDepartementWetenschap,InnovatieenMedia(Science,InnovationWAVVlaamsSteunpuntWerkgelegenheid,ArbeidenVorming(FlemishW&TWetenschappelijkeenTechnologischeDienstverlening(ScienceandVUBVrijeVRWBVlaamseRaadvoorWetenschapsbeleid(FlemishCouncilforScienceVLAREMVlaamsReglementbetreffendedeMilieuvergunningen(FlemishReguVLAREBOVlaamsReglementbetreffendedeBodemsanering(FlemishRegulaVLAREAVlaamsReglementvoorAfvalvoorkomingen–Beheer(FlemishReguVLAMVlaamsPromotiecentrumvoorAgro-enVisserijmarketingvzw(FlanVLABVlaamsActieprogrammaBiotechnologie(FlemishBiotechnologyVITOVlaamseInstellingvoorTechnologischOnderzoek(FlemishInstituteVISVlaamseInnovatieSamenwerkingsverbanden(FlemishInnovationCooperativeVentures)fortechnologicalResearch)ActionProgramme)dersAgriculturalMarketingBoard)lationsforthePreventionandManagementofWaste)tionsrelatedtoCleaninguptheSoil)lationsrelatedtoEnvironmentalLicences)VLIETVlaamsImpulsprogrammaEnergietechnologie(FlemishImpulseProgrammeforEnergyTechnology)VLIMVlaamsImpulsprogrammaMilieutechnologie(FlemishImpulseProgrammeforEnvironmentalTechnology)VLINAVlaamsImpulsprogrammaNatuurontwikkeling(FlemishImpulseProgrammeforNatureDevelopment)VLIRVlaamseInteruniversitaireRaad(FlemishInteruniversityCouncil)VLIZVlaamsInstituutvoordeZee(FlemishInstitutefortheSea)VLMVlaamseLandmaatschappij(PublicLandAgencyofFlanders)VMMVlaamseMilieumaatschappij(PublicEnvironmentalAgencyofFlanders)VMWVlaamseMaatschappijvoorWatervoorziening(FlemishCompanyforWaterSupply)VOCVolatileOrganicCompounds(VluchtigeOrganischeStoffen)VOIVlaamseOpenbareInstellingen(Flemishpublicinstitutions)VRVeiligheidsrapportering(SafetyReports)VRTVlaamseRadio-enTelevisieomroep(FlemishCommunityBroadcastingCompany)Policy)UniversiteitBrussel(FreeUniversityofBrussels)TechnologyServices)SupportforEmployment,LabourandTraining)andMediaDepartment)(Combinedheatandpower)Nijverheid(Scientificandtechnicalcentreforthemetalprocessingindustry)TradeOrganisationHealthandCultureDepartment) appendix-1–239
APPENDIX–2 Flemish science policy: addresses, e-mails and websites (English versions appear in Appendix I, Abbreviations) DE VLAAMSE RAAD VOOR WETENSCHAPSBELEID (VRWB) Adres:Koning Albert II-laan 7, 4de verd. 1210 Brussel tel: +32 2 553 45 20 fax: +32 2 553 45 23 e-mail: elisabeth.monard@wim.vlaanderen.be DE KONINKLIJKE ACADEMIËN Adres:Paleis der 1000HertogsstraatAcademiën1Brussel De Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van België voor Wetenschappen en Kunsten tel: +32 2 550 23 23 fax: +32 2 550 23 25 e-mail: website:info@kvab.bewww.kvab.be De Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van België (KAGB) tel: +32 2 550 23 00 fax: +32 2 550 23 05 e-mail: academiegeneeskunde@vlaanderen.be STICHTING FLANDERS TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (F.T.I)Adres:TechnologielaanTECHNOPOLIS2800Mechelentel:+32153420 20 fax: +32 15 34 20 10 e-mail: Adres:EgmontstraatHETFONDSVOORWETENSCHAPPELIJKONDERZOEK-VLAANDEREN(FWO)website:info@technopolis.bewww.technopolis.be51000Brusseltel:+3225129110fax:+3225125890e-mail:jose.traest@fwo.bewebsite:www.nfwo.be appendix-2–240
Adres:KliniekstraatHETAdres:MarkiesstraatCENTRUMAdres:JozefDEAdres:KapeldreefHETAdres:Rijvisschestraat(VIB)HETVLAAMSINTERUNIVERSITAIRINSTITUUTVOORDEBIOTECHNOLOGIEAdres:BoeretangDEAdres:BischoffsheimlaanWETENSCHAPHETINSTITUUTVOORDEAANMOEDIGINGVANINNOVATIEDOORENTECHNOLOGIEINVLAANDEREN(IWT-Vlaanderen)251000Brusseltel:+3222090900fax:+3222231181e-mail:info@iwt.bewebsite:www.iwt.beVLAAMSEINSTELLINGVOORTECHNOLOGISCHONDERZOEK(VITO)2002400Moltel:+3214335511fax:+3214335599e-mail:vito@vito.bewebsite:www.vito.be1209052Zwijnaardetel:+3292446611fax:+3292446610e-mail:vib@vib.bewebsite:www.vib.beINTERUNIVERSITAIRMICRO-ELEKTRONICACENTRUM(IMEC)753001Heverlee(Leuven)tel:+3216281211fax:+3216229400e-mail:info@imec.bewebsite:www.imec.beSTICHTINGTECHNOLOGIEVLAANDEREN(STV)II-straat12-161000Brusseltel:+3222090111fax:+3222177008e-mail:stv@serv.bewebsite:www.serv.beVOORBEVOLKINGS-ENGEZINSSTUDIËN(CBGS)11000Brusseltel:+3225533569fax:+3225533557e-mail:cbgs@wvc.vlaanderen.beINSTITUUTVOORNATUURBEHOUD(IN)251070Brusseltel:+3225581811fax:+3225581805e-mail:info@instnat.bewebsite:www.instnat.be appendix-2–241
HET INSTITUUT VOOR BOSBOUW EN WILDBEHEER (IBW) Adres:Gaverstraat 4 9500 Geraardsbergen tel: +32 54 43 71 11 fax: +32 54 41 08 96 e-mail: jozef.vanslycken@lin.vlaanderen.be e-mail: KONINKLIJKwebsite:ibw@lin.vlaanderen.bewww.ibw.vlaanderen.beMUSEUMVOORSCHONE KUNSTEN – ANTWERPEN (KMSKA) Adres:Leopold De Waelplaats 2000 Antwerpen AdministratiefPlaatsnijdersstraatadres: 2 2000 Antwerpen tel: +32 3 238 78 09 fax: +32 3 248 08 10 e-mail: INSTITUUTwebsite:postmaster@kmska.bewww.dma.be/cultuur/kmskaVOORHETARCHEOLOGISCH PATRIMONIUM (IAP) Adres:Doornveld - Industrie Asse 3 nr 11 bus 30 1731 Asse -Zellik tel: +32 2 481 60 30 fax: +32 2 481 80 56 e-mail: guy.deboe@ping.be appendix-2–242
APPENDIX–3 Index Advisory Committee for Bio-ethics 112 agricultural policy 126 air pollution 83, 137 analysis of expenditure 42, 197, 215 AQUAFIN 132-134 archeological heritage 149-152 Archive and Documentation Centres 113 aviation and space travel sectors 60 basic, groundbreaking research 15, 21, 49-55, 171-177 BBT/EMIS 82 bilateral scientific cooperation 49, 102 Biological Evaluation Map 140 biotechnology 71-76 Born-Bunge Foundation in Antwerp 52 Centre for Population and Family Studies (CBGS) 26, 108-110 Centres human heredity 111 cleaning the soil 82, 134 Collective centres 227 control of drugs 112 Coordination Department (COO) 89 CREST 19 Databank on the Subsoil of Flanders 123 deprivation 111 ecohydrology 140 ecology 139-141 Economics, Employment, Home affairs and Agriculture Department (EWBL) 123 Education Department (OND) 97 education indicators 102 education media 103 emancipation affairs 165 emission 82, 83, 130 employers’ contributions for free universities 100 employment 124 energy policy 123 energy sources 79 energy technology 78 appendix-3–243
Environment and Infrastructure Department (LIN) 129 Environment, Nature, Land and Water Management Administration (AMINAL) 129 environmental databank 136 environmental effect report 129, 135, 148 environmental law 136 environmental policy 81, 129 environmental pollution 83 environmental technology 80 environmental toxicology 84 epidemiological research 113 equal opportunities policy 90 EUREKA 62-63, 224 EUREKA/ITEA 62, 225 EUREKA/JESSI 221 EUREKA/MEDEA 62, 225 European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) 61, 62, 77 Faculty of Protestant Theology 100 Federal Cooperation Commission (CFS) 18 Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs 17 FIOV Fund 58 Flanders Company for Water Supply (VMW) 129, 138 Flanders Electronic Web 45 Flanders Technology International Foundation (FTI) 45 Flemish Biotechnology Action Programme (VLAB) 221 Flemish Centre for agro and fisheries marketing 126 Flemish Council for Science Policy 46 Flemish Ecological Network (VEN) 138 Flemish Innovation Cooperative Ventures (VIS) 63 foreign policy 91 forest inventory 147 forestry 143-145 Foundation Technology Flanders (STV) 47, 178-179 Frascati Manual 7, 15, 31 FWO Flanders 51, 53-54, 168, 171-173, 197 game management 145 General Affairs and Finance Department (AZF) 93 Generic Basic research at the Universities (GBOU) 65-66, 179 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 189 HOBU Fund 87, 178 Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy (HBPWB) 7, 31, 33, 42, 171, 185 housing policy 152 appendix-3–244
land consolidation 148 land management 148 Louis Pasteur Scientific Institute for Public Health 113 LUC 105, 174, 177, 231-232
Institute of Nature Conservation (IN) 26, 138-142
innovative materials Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW) 26, 143-147
ICT 62, 67-70, 103 image technology 60 IMEC 66, 67-70, 178, 179 STI 41 industrial research 57-64 inland fisheries 145 innovation 14, 22, 58, 59, 101, 167
KULeuven 105, 174, 177, 231-232
Interuniversity College for Management Sciences 54 Interuniversity Institute of Development Policy and Management (IOB) 99 IWETO 46 IWT Flanders 58-64, 66, 86, 87, 177-179, 215 KMDA 86, 119 KUB 105, 174, 177
79
Hydraulic Laboratory and Hydrological Research Division (WLH) 154-155
indicators
Institute of Tropical Medicine “Prins Leopold” (ITG) 100 Interdepartemental 165 interface services 57 international cooperation 49-51, 100, 102, 210, 224-226
International Cooperation Commission (CIS) 18
Innovation Decree 14, 58, 215
Institute for the Archeological Heritage (IAP) 26, 149-152
maritime research 51 Martin Buber University Institute for the study of Judaism 100 material technology 79 media 161 micro-electronics 67 MINA Fund 130-135 MINA Plan 2 129, 135 Minerals 123 mobility covenant 153 Monitoring Group for Strategic Employment Market Research 124 multilateral cooperation 50-51 NABS code 7, 15, 31, 33, 38-39, 186 appendix-3–245
Scientific
Sabbatical
RUCA
science
Science,
appendix-3–246
Science
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Sciences and Arts (KVAB) 45
Royal Academy of Medicine 27, 111
Royal Museum for of Fine Arts, Antwerp (KMSKA) 26, 113-118 105, 174, 177 RUG 105, 174, 177, 231-232 Centre 46 and Innovation Administration (AWI) 21, 25, 48, 87 communication 42-45 Innovation and Media Department (WIM) 25, 41, 161, 163 Research Networks FWO Flanders 210-211 Clinical Investigators FWO Flanders 203 shipping policy 154 SME 217 SME (KMO) IT-Centre 67 SME Feasibility studies 218, 219, 220 SME Innovation projects 62, 218, 219, 220
NACE code 228-229 Nature Development Plan 131 nature policy 129, 141 Nature Report 142 OBPWO 103 OECD 31, 33, 194 Open Higher Education 101 operational subsidies of the universities 97, 174, 177 OVAM 129, 130, 134 patents 67, 74 PBO 85, 91, 124 Permanent Research Positions FWO Flanders 201, 203 planning 93 policy-oriented research 22, 42, 85, 183 ports 154 Postdoctoral Fellows FWO Flanders 200, 202 postdoctoral research mandates IWT Flanders 216 Public Environmental Agency of Flanders (VMM) 129, 130, 136-138 public health indicators 113 public health policy 84, 111-113 Public Land Agency of Flanders (VLM) 129, 135, 148 R&D 15, 189-194 rational use of energy 78, 81 Research Assistants FWO Flanders 199-202 research projects FWO Flanders 208-209
Senior
SME Innovation studies 62 SME programme 61 Social Impulse Fund 125 soil pollution 82 Special Research Fund (BOF) 52-53, 168, 171-173 specialisation grants IWT Flanders 86, 216, 230-232 speech technology 60 state reform 89 statistics 93 STET 15 Stimulus programme for New Materials (INM) 221 Strategic Technologies for Welfare and Well-being (STWW) 65, 178-179, 226 STS 15 Support Centres for policy-oriented research 85 Support for Employment, Labour and Training (WAV) 124 Technology Assessment (TA) 75, 82 teledetection 84 Tourism Flanders 119 town and country planning 149 Town and Country Planning, Housing, Monuments and Sites Administration (AROHM) 149 traffic policy 153 Transnational University Limburg (TUL) 98 transport 153 travel grants FWO Flanders 211-214 TWOL 129 UA 174, 231-232 UFSIA 105, 174, 177 UIA 105, 174, 177 UNESCO 51 universities 97-99, 174-175 university loans 94, 95 University Restructuring Fund 52, 98, 174, 175 UNU 50 VIB 66, 71-76, 178, 179 VIONA 124 VITO 66, 77-84, 178, 179 VLAREM 130 Vlerick Leuven Ghent Management School (VSM) 99-100 VLIET-bis 227 VLINA 144, 145 appendix-3–247
VLIZ 86 VRT 161-163 VUB 105, 174, 177, 231-232 water management 141, 148 water pollution 82 water quality 130, 132-134, 136-138 water systems 140-141, 154 Waterways and Marine Affairs Administration (AWZ) 142, 154 Welfare, Public Health and Culture Department (WVC) 1075 appendix-3–248