Information_guide_2003.pdf by Vlaanderen-be

guideinformation2003Greta VERVLIET Ministry of Flanders Science and Innovation Administration SCIENCE TECH NOLOGY and INNOVATION SCIENCE TECH NOLOGY and INNOVATION

COLOPHON Colophon (VIBintroduceMitochondrialDNAisonlytransmittedonthemother’ssidebecausethespermatozoidsonlyMitochondriaaretheenergyfactoriesofthecell.Theycontaintheirowngeneticmaterial.Insert:DNA.Thecellnucleuscontainsthechromosomes,carriersofthegeneticinformationintheformofCoverD/2003/3241/174FlemishFlemishInteruniversityAntwerpInstitutePhotographsCompilation,website:E-mail:Fax:Tel:1000BoudewijnlaanScienceScience,MinistryDr.FordecreedersforFinanceandtheBudget,Innovation,MediaandTownandCountryPlanning,byforEducationandTraining,andMr.DirkVanMechelen,MinisteroftheGovernmentofFlanpiledontheinitiativeofMrs.MarleenVanderpoorten,MinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersTheScience,TechnologyandInnovationInformationGuideisanannualpublication,comoftheGovernmentofFlanders,dated26November1999.informationabouttheGuide,ortoobtainacopy,youcanapplyto:GretaVervlietofFlandersInnovationandMediaDepartmentandInnovationAdministration30Brussels(02)5535795(02)5536007greta.vervliet@wim.vlaanderen.bewww.innovatie.vlaanderen.be/beleid/index.htmediting/finalediting:GretaVervlietPh.D.weremadeavailableby:forForestryandGameManagement(IBW)RoyalMuseumforFineArts(KMSKA)Micro-ElectronicCentre(IMEC)InstituteforTechnologicalResearch(Vito)InteruniversityInstituteforBiotechnology(VIB)photographnuclearDNAandnomitochondrialDNAintotheeggcell.photograph) Colophon–2

FOREWORD Foreword MicroElectronicsCenter(IMEC),theFlemishInstituteforTechnologicalResearch(Vito),betweenthetwotypesofresearchdescribedabove.TheresearchactivitiesoftheInteruniversityInthemediumterm,strategicbasicresearchhasaneconomicorsocialfocus.IthasaplacesitiesSMEs.ThiswillbeorganisedbytheIWT,inconsultationwiththeassociationsandtheuniverimportantthatthetransferoftechnologycontinuestotakeplacetoindustry–especiallytospecificSMEprogrammewasintroduced,aswellasmeasurestostimulateinnovation.Itissupportforresearchanddevelopment.Thesubsidymeasuresweresimplifiedandmaximised,ainFlanders(IWTFlanders)onceagainbecameaone-stopshopforindustryinFlandersforinnovationdecree.TheInstituteforthePromotionofInnovationbyScienceandTechnologyThetechnologicalinnovationpolicywascompletelyredraftedwiththeimplementationoftheawardamaster’sdegreeforthis,butonlyiftheydosoinassociationwithaFlemishuniversity.Thislaysdown,interalia,thatinstitutesofhighereducationcanorganisegraduatecoursesandturaldecreeinordertoimplementtheSorbonne-Bologna-Pragueprocessinhighereducation.turingofhighereducation.TheGovernmentofFlandersapprovedinprinciplethedraftstrucdataintoaccountforthefirsttimefrom2003.Allthisshouldbeseeninthelightoftherestrucple,thedistributionofthefundsoftheSpecialResearchFundtookpublicationandreferencegreaterimportancewasattachedtothequalityoftheresearchthatwascarriedout.Forexamregulationsweresimplified–withgreaterautonomyfortheinstitutions–andatthesametime,subsidiesfortheSpecialResearchFundandtheFundforScientificResearch–Flanders.Thetostrengthentheresearchontheinitiativeoftheresearcher,butthereisalsoanincreaseintheTheoperatingandinvestmentsubsidiesfortheuniversitiesaresystematicallyincreasedinorderandmainfields:groundbreakingresearchontheinitiativeoftheresearcher,strategicbasicresearchtion,suchasuniversities,researchinstitutesandindustry.Theresearchwasdividedintothreementstructures,greaterautonomyanditsownresponsibilityforthepartiesinvolvedininnova-beroffundingchannelswithclearlyoutlinedobjectivesandtransparentselectionandmanage-anincreaseinthesciencebudget,thegovernmentsubsidyisrationalisedbyrestrictingthenum-andthepolicymemorandumfor1999-2005aresystematicallybeingputintopractice:thereisicy.Morethanthreeyearslater,itisclearthatthebasicoptionsofthegovernmentmanifestoThegovernmentmanifestoalreadygaveprioritytothescienceandtechnologyinnovationpolallyinjectionofapproximately64millionEUR,inadditiontotheconstantpolicy,whichisvirtuEUR,ofwhich82millionarefundsforresearch.Theactualsciencepolicyisreceivinganextrapolicylinescarriedoutwiththeavailablefunds.Thereisanoverallincreaseof106.5millionotherministersoftheFlemishGovernment.Explanatorytextsprovideinformationaboutthevationpolicyforwhichwebotharecompetent,aswellasthesectoralsciencepolicyunderthewhich757,574millionareforresearch.Thiscomprisesboththescienceandtechnologyinnotechnologyandinnovation.Theoverallsciencebudgetamountsto1,321.910millionEUR,ofacompletesurveyofthefundswhichtheFlemishgovernmentisprovidingthisyearforscience,familiarpublication.The2003HorizontalBudgetProgrammefortheSciencePolicyprovidesThisistheeighthScience,TechnologyandInnovationInformationGuide,whichisbynowawhollydevotedtoresearch.thetechnologicalinnovationpolicy.andinstitutesofhighereducationwhicharepartofit. Foreword–3

TownMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforFinanceandBudget,Innovation,theMediaandDirkMinisterMarleeningnationalcontext,wemustdoeverythingthatisnecessarytopermitFlanderstotakeupalead-TheaimistoprovideFlanderswithawell-supportedrangeofinstruments.Inthecurrentinter-more2003,andshouldresultingreatertransparencyandcoherenceintheorganisation,andtoationoftheFlemishpublicadministration.ThisorganisationalstructurewillenterintoeffectinsationoftheScienceandTechnologyInnovationpolicyareainthecontextofthereorganisa-Finally,inFebruary2002,theGovernmentofFlandersapprovedinprinciplethefutureorgani-twoLambermontagreement–withtheallocationofthefundsforagriculturalresearchandfortheInaddition,thedefederalisationofAgricultureisfullyachievedinthecontextoftheincreasementcanbeachievedby2010.Forthispurposethespendingofindustrymustcontinuetomineshowthe3%ofthegrossregionalproductstipulatedbytheEUforresearchanddevelopstrengtheninnovationinFlandersfurther.Thishasresultedinaninnovationpactwhichdeterresearchersandindustry–ataroundtableconference,inordertocreateaframeworktoernmentofFlandershasbroughttogetherallthoseinvolved–theFlemishauthorities,theIn2003,anumberofstrikingaspectsactasanadditionalincentive.Inthefirstplace,theGovimportantfor“benchmarking”,andthereforefortheindicatorstobedevelopedtothisend,itisextremelyandtechnologyinnovationindicators.InthecontextoftheinternationalinterestinandneedR&DStatisticsSupportCentreprovidessupportforsciencepolicyindrawingupthescienceMeanwhile,theSupportCentresforresearchinsupportofpolicyareupandrunning.Theundersities”,isintegratedinthis.Additionalfundswillbeprovidedfrom2004tocomplementthis,in2003for32millionEUR,andtheoldprogramme,“GenericBasicResearchattheUnivergeteddevelopmentofproducts,processesandservices.Thefirstcallforproposalswaslaunchedhand,thecreationofexpertiseontheinitiativeoftheresearcher,andontheotherhand,thetarever,therewasstillaneedforanewfundinginstrument,withapositionbetween,ontheoneandtheFlandersInteruniversityInstituteforBiotechnology(VIB)arereflectedhere.Howeachuniversity’sownmanagement.thatFlandersalsohasthenecessarypotentialandexpertise.atthesamerateasthatoftheGovernmentofFlanders.scientificinstitutesforAgriculturetotheFlemishadministrativebudget.efficientuseofpeopleandfunds.positioninEuropewithregardtoinnovation.VanderpoortenoftheGovernmentofFlandersforEducationandTrainingVanMechelenandCountryPlanning Foreword–4

CONTENTS Contents Foreword 3 Introduction 7 Part IThe Flemish Science, Technology and Innovation Policy11 Chapter I.1Definitions13 Chapter I.2DivisionofcompetencesattheFlemish,federalandinternationallevel16 Chapter I.3The Flemish science, technology and innovation policy Division of competences within the Government of Flanders19 Chapter I.4The administrative structures of the Flemish Science Policy22 Part IIHorizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy27 Chapter II.1Definition and objective29 Chapter II.2DrawinguptheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy31 Part IIIHorizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy 200333 Chapter III.1General science policy38 Chapter III.2Scientific research on the initiative of the researcher45 Chapter III.3Scientific research with an economic focus50 Chapter III.4Strategic and policy-oriented research61 Chapter III.5The sectoral science policy81 Coordination Department81 General Affairs and Finance Department85 Education Department89 Welfare, Public Health and Culture Environmentment124Economics,Employment,HomeAffairsandAgricultureDepartDepartment100andInfrastructureDepartment142 Contents–5

Science, Innovation and Media Department –Interdepartmental185Media181 Chapter III.6The“actualsciencepolicy”:newpolicyfundsandnewpolicyemphases–Evolutionofthefundssince1995186 Chapter III.7AnalysisoftheHorizontalBudgetProgrammesforSciencePolicy1993-2003191 Chapter III.8ThecalculationoftheR&DactivitiesasapercentageoftheFlemishGDPandaninternationalcomparison209 Part IVExpenditureofthefundsforscience,technologyandinnovation215 Chapter IV.1Expenditure of the funds distributed by the FWO Flanders217 Chapter IV.2Expenditure of the funds distributed by the IWT Flanders231 Appendices 247 Appendix 1List of abbreviations249 Appendix 2Flemish Science Policy: addresses, e-mail addresses and websites255 Contents–6

INTRODUCTION Introduction researchvarietyofinitiativestosupportthedifferentpolicyareaswithscientificsupport,bothwiththeoverallsciencepolicy.ThesciencepolicyasawholeissignificantlystrengthenedbytherichChapterIII.5describesthesectoralaspect.Italsomakesasignificantfunctionalcontributiontotogicbasicresearch,toindustrialresearch,ultimatelywiththesupportofcertainprojectsrelatedversities–anecessarybasisforalladditionalsocialandindustrially-orientedresearch,tostratebudgetforacoherentsciencepolicy,whichrangesfromstrengtheningbasicresearchattheuniFinancingFundforone-offinvestmentexpenditure(FFEU).ThesefundstogetherformthetheFundforSubsidiaryEconomicPolicyofprogramme51.2andpartofthecreditsofthefundsforuniversitiesandinstitutesofhighereducation–andsupplementedwithcreditsfromdivision33(HigherEducationandScientificResearchAdministration),whichincludestheactualsciencepolicy,togetherwithchapterIII.5,theEducationDepartment,organisationtheorganisationdivision71(ScienceandInnovationAdministration).TheyfocusontheChaptersIII.1,III.2,III.3andIII.4containthefundsandpolicylinesfortheprogrammesoffor?fundsareavailableforscience,technologyandinnovation,andwhataretheyspecificallyusedgetProgrammeforSciencePolicyin2003,withthecreditsandexplanatorytexts:howmanyBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy.Subsequently,PartIIIdealswiththeHorizontalBuderalexplanationoftheFlemishscienceandtechnologyinnovationpolicyandtheHorizontalandthisisnowfamiliarandeasytofollow.PartIandPartIIareintroductorytextswithagenTheInformationGuidehasbeendrawnuponthebasisofthesameframeworkeveryyear,nowaswellasthesciencepolicycarriedoutwiththese.Meanwhile,atimeserieswasalsobuiltup,systematicallydrawnupeveryyear,itispossibletofollowtheevolutionofthesciencebudgets,BecausetheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicyandtheInformationGuidearethisInaddition,explanatorytextsprovideinformationaboutpolicylineswhicharecarriedoutwithafederalandinternationalleveleveryyear,sothatFlandersmeetsitsinternationalobligations.codes)todrawupthisguide,allowingforinternationalcomparisons.Thedataaresubmittedatcustomaryinternationaldefinitionsandstandardsareused(FRASCATIManualandNABSfundsforthegeneralpolicyarea,intheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy.TheEveryyear,theScience,TechnologyandInnovationGuideprovidesasummaryoftheavailablebroadrangeofsciencefunds.comingtotheten-yearmilestonefortheperiod1993-2003.economicpolicy.andwithotherinitiatives. Introduction–7

Guide.sincerelythankeveryoneonceagainforthecontributionstheyhavemadetothisInformationfieldsofFlemishsciencepolicyandallitsdifferentaspects.Inthisway,Iwouldthereforeliketocompetentcabinets.Thisonceagainmadeitpossiblethisyeartofocusfullyonthedifferentinstituteshavefullycooperatedwiththecreationofthe2003InformationGuide,ashavetheThecompetentadministrations,Flemishpublicinstitutions,scientificinstitutesandresearchplayturesinwhichtheyareincorporated.Thesectoralsciencepolicywillalsoalwayscontinuetothecontentofthesciencepolicywillremainthesame,irrespectiveoftheadministrativestruc-andthe2004InformationGuidewillreflectthesechanges.Nevertheless,theessentialcoreandefficientFlemishgovernmentsystem.TheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicyInstitutionswillbereorganised,possiblyamalgamatedororganiseddifferently,tocreateanencepolicy.Theadministration,researchinstitutes,scientificinstitutesandFlemishPublictionwillhavefar-reachingconsequencesfortheorganisationandoperationoftheFlemishsciTherestructuringoftheadministrationforthepolicyareaSciencesandTechnologicalInnovaareTheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy,aswellastheanalysisofexpenditure,thepolicyareonceagaintheFWOandIWT-Flanders.Afterall,thesearetwoimportantpillarsforThisyear,thetopicsdealtwithinPartIVintheanalysisofexpenditurewithregardtosciencegrossChapterIII.8providesanapproximatecalculationoftheR&DfundsasapercentageoftheandChapterIII.7providesaclearsummaryofthebudgetdistributionacrossthevarioussectors2003.ChapterIII.6onceagainoutlinesthenewfundsandinitiativesfortheactualsciencepolicyintwoLambermontAgreementwiththeallocationofthefundsforagriculturalresearchandfortheIn2003,thedefederalisationofagriculturewillbeexplicitlyexecutedinthecontextofthescientificinstitutes(CLOandCLE)totheFlemishadministrativebudget.actorsoftheFlemishsciencepolicy,togetherwithitsevolution,basedonanalyses.regionalproductofFlanders,seeninaninternationalperspective.fundingofbasicresearch,paralleltoindustrialresearch.essentialpolicyinstrumentsforthemonitoringoftheFlemishsciencepolicy.itsownroleinthisgeneralfield. ScienceandInnovationAdministrationDeputyFirstMandatoryGretaVervliet Introduction–8

Management,Contributorscoordination and final responsibility: Greta Vervliet Administrative collaborator: Hilde Roden Contact persons in the cabinets of the Flemish minister of: • State reform: Roger Decourt • FinanceandtheBudget,Innovation,MediaandTownandCountryPlanning:MicheleOleo • Education and Training: Josée Houben and Luc Jansegers • Environment and Agriculture: Chris Steenwegen • Employment and Tourism: Mieke Van Gramberen • Welfare, Health, Equal Opportunities and Development Cooperation: Veerle Conings • Sport and Affairs related to the Capital City: Antoon Boon • Mobility, Public Works and Energy: Marie Claire Van De Velde • Home Affairs, Culture, Youth and the Civil Service: Johan De Graeve • ContributionsMembersMarcEconomics,ForeignPolicy,ForeignTradeandHousing:PhilipMathuis(Economics),Mahieu(Housing)oftheMinistryofFlanders:weremadeby:•

COO CleynenbreugelFranken,LeenLeemans(EqualOpportunitiesPolicy),BrigitteMouligneauandJosVan:TineMortelmansandFrankSteenput(ChancelleryandInformation),Martha(ForeignPolicy); AZF: Josée Lemaître (APS), Hubert Pierreux, Marc de Kort (ABAFIM); OND Isabelle:NoëlVercruysse(HigherEducationandScientificResearch),AnnVanDriessche,Erauw(BudgetandDataManagement);

• WVC AcademyVanPraet(TourismFlanders),AnneVanWalleghem(AAD);HerwigDeumens(RoyalRillaer,AnnHottat,BartVanderHerten,DebbieEsmans,SofieTaghon(Culture),JanWildemeerschandHerwinDeKind(HealthCare-teamforpolicysupport),JosVanPatrickGhelen(PreventiveandSocialHealthCare),RiaVandenreyt,JosVersaen,Dr.Dirk:JanCasaert,IngeMartens(FamilyandSocialWelfare),FransDelbeke(RUG),ofMedicine);

•

• EWBL WellemansLindaBoudry(SocialImpulseFund),JeroenDejonckheere(HomeAffairs),KoenAmpe(EconomicsandtheBudget)GilbertHulpiau(LocalandRegionalGovernments),:JohanTroch(Employment),JanVereecke(NaturalresourcesandEnergy),Tim(Agriculture),LucVanBellegemandJeanDeLescluze(VLAM);

• WIM,MediaandVRT: Caroline De Pauw; • WIM,AWI fortion);GeertVanGrootel(IWETO),PierreVerdoodt(RoyalFlemishAcademyofBelgium:RudyHerman(VLIZandMarineSciences),SabineBorrey(scienceinformaSciencesandArts). • Emancipation officer: San Eyckmans, Fatima Tigra. • FWO-Flanders: Benno Hinnekint • IWT-Flanders: Dirk Maeckelberghe, Paul Zeeuwts • IMEC: Gilbert Declerck • VIB: Jo Bury • Vito: Dirk Fransaer • CBGS: Thérèse Jacobs Introduction–9

• LIN Bondt(RoadsandTraffic),WilfriedGoossens(MobilityUnit,Secretariat-General),BertDeAffairs),FrankMostaert(HydraulicLaboratoryandHydrologicalResearch),PaulCattrysseHousingPolicy),KarinePeelmanandLouisDeBisschop(WaterwaysandMaritimeHouvenaghel(AROHM-TownandCountryPlanning),RonaldVanPaassen(AROHM-:PhilippeVanHaver(AMINAL),MarnixdeVrieze(LandManagement),Sofie(Policy,Secretariat-General),WimVerheyen,SonjaVanBlaere(AAD);

• CLE: Dirk Van Lierde • CLO: Herwig Keymeulen • IN: Eckhart Kuijken • IBW: Jos Van Slycken • KMSKA: Paul Huvenne • AQUAFIN: Chris Thoeye • OVAM: Luc Vanacker • VMM: Eddy Muylle, Krista Van Malder • VFSIPH: Rudy Kennes Introduction–10

PARTI THE FLEMISH SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION POLICY 11 THEFLEMISHSCIENCE,TECHNOLOGYANDINNOVATIONPOLICYFish-eye photographs for the determination of the light intensity in woods are best taken just before sunrise. That often results in exquisite pictures while leaving the forest (photograph Stefaan Goessens, IBW)

Chapter I.1 Definitions ChapterI.1 SCIENCE POLICY – TECHNOLOGY POLICY – INNOVATION

ChapterI.1–13

Thedevelopingposes,tomaintain,broadenandexpandtheseasanecessaryconditionformaintainingandhighqualityscientificresearch,andusetheresultsfortechnological,socialandculturalpur“ThescienceandtechnologypolicymustcreatetheconditionstomakeitpossibletocarryoutThe1999.thescienceandtechnologypolicyinthecontextofthestrategicplanningintheperiod1996-Meanwhile,theFlemishCommunityhasdefineditsmissionstatementandpermanenttasksforThisandtechnologicalknowledge,theresearchersandotherpersonsinvolvedinresearchactivities.”innovation,publicscientificservices,theorganisationandstimulationoftheuseofscientific“Thepolicyrelatedtoresearch/development,scienceandtechnology,technologicalcontainCooperationagreementsbetweenthefederalgovernment,theCommunitiesandtheRegionsindustryemphasisnowisalsooninnovation,whichreferstoalltheactivitiesthatpromoteinnovationinthissortofpolicy,whichwasdirectlyrelatedtotechnologicaldevelopment.However,theterm:sciencepolicy.Subsequently,therewasfoundtobeaneedforaseparatedescriptionofOriginally,thetechnologypolicywasconceivedasaspecificsectorthatwascoveredbythetheincreased,aswellastheinterestandparticipationofgovernmentsinaninternationalcontext,socialimportanceandcomplexityofknowledgeandtechnologicaldevelopmentshaveFirstofall,therehasbeenastrikingdevelopmentoftheoriginalterm,“sciencepolicy”.AstheusingthedefinitionsandtermsasdrawnupandusedtodayattheFlemishandfederallevel.innovationpolicy.Thisisdoneonthebasisofinternationallyadopteddefinitions,butalsoThischapterisaimedatprovidinganinsightintothecontentofthescience,technologyandPOLICYarsenaloftermshasalsoevolvedtokeepupwiththechangingcircumstances.andsociety.thefollowingdefinition:definitioncertainlyemphasisesthecomplexandmultidimensionalaspect.priorityinthismissionis:thewelfareandwell-beingofthewholecommunity.”permanenttaskswhichareindicatedare:•tocreatetheconditionstomaintain,broadenandextendthebasisofscientificknowledgeandtechnologicalexpertiseinordertomeetthechallengesrelatedtothetransitiontoaknowledge-basedsocietyinatargetedandeffectiveway;•toberesponsibleforthedevelopmentandutilisationofasufficientlyscientificsupportofthepolicy,tocreateandexecutepolicydecisionsandevaluatetheireffects;

• policy,technologicalpolicies,andadoptapositionvis-à-visgovernmentpolicyandeachother’stoencourageotherpolicylevelsandbodiesinsocietytodefinetheirownscientificandinordertoachievethebestpossibleeffects; • TheSCIENTIFICINTERNATIONAL4°thesupportofscientific-technologicalknowledge:tosupportanyactivitieswhichmeanthat3°theapplicationofscientific-technologicalknowledge:tousescientific-technological2°thedisseminationofscientific-technologicalknowledge:tomakescientific-technological1°thedevelopmentofscientific-technologicalknowledge:tocarryoutresearchandfeasibilitythevationDecree,BelgianOff.Gaz.,dated16.07.1999),thefollowingdefinitionsareadoptedforInthe“Decreerelatingtoimplementingapolicytostimulatetechnologicalinnovation”(Innoinmeasurestoimplementthesestepsincompleteways,asdescribedinChapterI.3andexplainedTheGovernmentofFlanderssupportsthispointofview,andhasthereforetakenthenecessaryshouldtanceofgood,clearlegislationandthecreationofanofficialclimateforinnovationingeneral,tems,andwithregardtothe“informationhighways”.Furthermore,theexceptionalimpor-makesurethatthereisagoodinfrastructure,bothwithregardtotransportandnavigationsys-technologyfromuniversitiesandresearchinstitutestoindustry.Thegovernmentmustalsomumvalorizationofresearchresults.Forexample,thisisdonebysupportingthetransferofThereisanimportantroleforthegovernment–interalia,withregardtopromotingthemaxi-ationcapacities,aswellassocialinnovation,arealsoconsideredtobeimportantfactorsinthecreulationofintellectualpropertyrights,etc.Theinnovationofcommercialandmanagementwellasthefinancialcontext(theavailabilityofrisk-bearingcapitalisessential),theefficientreglegalaspectsrelatedtoit.Inthisrespect,educationandtrainingalsoplayanessentialrole,asluteprerequisite),butalsotheentireinnovationsystem–includingthesocial,economicandThetermisconceivedinabroadsense:notonlyscientificresearchisimportant(andanabsoneedsasrelevanttothecreationofwelfare.Innovationmeansworkingoutnewsolutionstomeetthedevelopment,productionprocessesandmarketingstrategies,arealsoconsideredtobeatleastsociallevel.Butlowleveltechnologicalinnovation,themoregradualinnovationsinproduct“(strategic)renewal”,andthesuccessfulexploitationofthesenewfindingsattheeconomicand“GreenPaperonInnovation”(1996)describesthistermasasynonymfortheproductionofMeanwhile,thesedefinitionshavebeenfurthersupplementedwiththeterm“innovation”.Thecontributiontoensurethattheresultsoftheresearchareproperlyusedsothattheyprovideaconcretetotheeconomic,cultural,socialandintellectualdevelopmentofFlanders.ofpeopleandsocietyasawhole.ofemploymentandtomeettheobvioussocialneeds.alsobeemphasised.detailinPartIIIofthisInformationGuide.applicationofthedecree:studiestoacquirenewscientific-technologicalknowledge;knowledgeavailableforpotentialoractualusers;knowledgetoimproveexistingproductsandservicesordevelopnewproductsandservices,ortorenewtheproductionprocess,organisationalmethodsandcommercialisation;scientific-technologicalknowledgecanbedeveloped,disseminatedandusedmorewidelyandmoreeffectivelyandwhichdonotfallunder1º,2ºand3º.DEFINITIONS:ACTIVITIES–R&D–STET–STSterm“scientificactivities”,asdefinedintheFRASCATIManual,comprises:•ResearchandDevelopment(R&D):“...creativeworkundertakenonasystematicbasisinordertoincreasetheknowledgebase,includingknowledgeofman,cultureandsociety,andtheuseofthisstockofknowledgetodevisenewapplications.”Inotherwords,itincludes ChapterI.1–14

makinganyscientificactivitywhichisaimedatdevelopingscientificknowledge(basicresearch),itapplicable(appliedresearch)andapplyingit(development). • proportionoftheoperationalsubsidiestouniversitiesthatareusedforuniversityeducation.engineers.”Thereforeitconcernsthefundingofscientificeducation,forexample,thepostgraduateandfurthertraining,andorganisedlifelongtrainingforscientistsandhighereducationandtraining,highereducationandtrainingleadingtoauniversitydegree,EducationandTraining(STET)“...allactivitiescomprisingspecialisednon-university • usedareas,theNABScodesareactuallyalreadydueforanotherrevision.Asummaryofthecodesin1969andwasrevisedin1975and1992.Becauseoftherapidevolutionofsomeresearchandcomparisonofscientificprogrammesandbudgets”.ThisnomenclaturewasfirstdrawnupthereforeonlyappliedtotheR&Dcredits.NABSstandsfor“NomenclaturefortheanalysisTheNABScodesindicatetheareaofapplicationoftheresearchthatiscarriedout,andareNABSWithintophenomena).Studiesrelatedtopolicyandtheactivitiesofadministrativeunitswithregardcollectionofdataofageneralinterest(includingthecollectionofdataonsocial-economicscientific-technologicalinformation(e.g.,bylibrariesorinformationcentres),andtheasperformingroutinemeasurements(e.g.,routinemedicalanalyses),theprovisionofapplicationofscientificandtechnicalknowledge”.Thisconcernsanyformofservices,suchexperimentaldevelopmentandcontributingtothegeneration,disseminationandScientificandTechnologicalServices(STS):“...activitiesconcernedwithresearchandtheanalysis,evaluationandmonitoringofexternalphenomenaareincludedinthis.R&Dthereisafurtherclassificationaccordingtothetypeofresearch:•basicresearchis“experimentalortheoreticalworkundertakenprimarilytoacquirenewknowledgeoftheunderlyingfoundationofphenomenaandobservablefacts,withoutanyparticularapplicationoruseinview”;•appliedresearchis“alsooriginalinvestigationundertakeninordertoacquirenewknowledge.Itis,however,directedprimarilytowardsaspecificpracticalaimorobjective”;•experimentaldevelopmentis“systematicwork,drawingonexistingknowledgegainedfromresearchand/orpracticalexperience,thatisdirectedtoproducingnewmaterials,productsordevices,toinstallingnewprocesses,systemsandservices,ortoimprovingsubstantiallythosealreadyproducedorinstalled.”CODEScanbefoundbelowinthisInformationGuide,inPartIII. ChapterI.1–15

InexecutionofthetoProgrammeforSciencePolicy2002,anddescribedindetailinthefollowingchapters,amountTheoverallpolicycreditsfromtheFlemishCommunity,asidentifiedintheHorizontalBudgetthings,ders.Inaddition,animportantaspectistheeducationandtrainingsupported,amongstotheraddition,therearesubsidiesforawholeseriesofresearchinstitutesbytheGovernmentofFlantext,aswellasthatintheFlemishscientificinstitutes,CBGS,IAP,IBW,IN,andKMSKA.InresearchintheFlemishresearchinstitutesIMEC,VitoandVIBisalsocarriedoutinthisconders,butalsosupportedthroughatransferoftechnologyandmeasuresrelatedtothis.Theaspectisthepromotionofindustrialandsocialresearch,funded,interalia,bytheIWTFlanties,theSpecialResearchFund(BOF)andtheFWOFlanders.Inaddition,thesecondmajorwherethemostimportantfundingmechanismsaretheoperationalsubsidiesfortheuniversiInthefirstplace,themajorareasofcompetenceconcerneducationandresearchinuniversities,researchandsocially-orientedresearch,andfinallyalsotheindustrialandsocialvalorizationofthefundamental(basic),non-orientedresearch,researchinthepre-valorizationstage,industrialAlltheseaspectscoverthewholerangeofdifferenttypesofscientificresearch,inparticular,ofmunicationalsoformspartofthescienceandinnovationpolicy.Theinternationaldimensionscientificresearchasfaraspossible.Ahighqualityprovisionofscientificinformationandcom-trialandsocialappliedresearch.Finally,thepolicyendeavourstovalorizethefindingsoftheandthepromotionofbasicresearchtoincreaseourknowledgebase,thedevelopmentofindus-entific,technologicalandinnovationpolicy.ThispolicyisbasedonthetrainingofresearchersRegions.ThismeansthattheFlemishCommunityisfullycompetentforthewholerangeofsci-marycompetencewithregardtosciencepolicyhasbeentransferredtotheCommunitiesand,thepriscienceandindustryisanotherimportantaspect.results.bythespecialisationgrantsofIWTFlandersandtheFWOFlandersmandates.1,321.91millioneuro.

• the competence for the agricultural policy and for agricultural production management;

Sint-MichielsAgreementof1993

“LambermontActs” of2001(Off.Gaz.,03.08.2001),thefollowingareas of competence were transferred to the Flemish Region:

• the competence with regard to research and development in agriculture;

Chapter I.2 Division of competences at the Flemish, federal and international level ChapterI.2 GOVERNMENT OF ThefirstpolicylevelisthatofFlanders.SincetheFLANDERS

ChapterI.2–16

• this.Theprocessedinformationispassedontothefederallevel,whereallthegovernmentmationonFlemishgovernmentfundsforsciencepolicy,includingcreditsforR&Daspartofprocessingofdatatakesplaceattheappropriatelevel.AttheFlemishlevel,thisconcernsinforstatisticsandscienceandtechnology,focusingontheinternationallevel.ThecollectionandTherefore,thiscooperationagreementregulatesthecollection,publicationandtransmissionofmustupinacooperationagreement”,andthecollectionandprocessingofstatisticswhichBelgiumapermanentinventoryofthescientificpotentialofthecountryinaccordancewithrulesdrawnThisspecificallyregulatesthecooperationondatabanksandstatistics,inparticular“drawingup1988,§2,sub6oftheSpecialActfortheReformofInstitutions,insertedbytheActof8AugustCooperationagreement(BelgianOff.Gaz.,17June1995)regardingtheexecutionofArt6bisspecialistmoreCommunitiesorRegions–witharightofvetoforForeignAffairs.TheCFScomprisesissueswhicharewhollyorpartlyrelatedtomatterswhichfallunderthecompetenceofoneorofinteresttotheState,theCommunitiesandtheRegions;thepreparationofjointpositionsonAmongstotherthings,thisagreementregulatesthedialogueoninternationalissueswhicharetheofthe“InternationalCooperation”commissions(CIS),and“FederalCooperation”(CFS)ofCooperationagreement(BelgianOff.Gaz.,1February1991)withregardtotheestablishmentare:sciencepolicyisarrangedinanumberofcooperationagreements.ThemostimportantoftheseThecooperationbetweentheCommunitiesandRegionsandthefederallevelwithregardtoitiestogetherwiththeCommunitiesandRegionswithregardtotheBelgiancooperationwithactiv-dationoftheFederalCouncilforSciencePolicy.Inaddition,thefederalgovernmentactsprogrammessubjecttotheagreementoftheCommunitiesandRegions,orontherecommen-andtheirpublicservices.Thefederalgovernmentcanalsostartnewinitiativesandresearchresponsibilityforthefederalscientificandculturalinstitutes,includingtheirresearchactivitiesForexample,thefederalgovernmentisresponsibleforthepolicyonspace,aswellashavingeuro.DepartmentsforScientific,TechnicalandCulturalMatters(DWTC)amountsto418.9millionprogrammeforsciencepolicy2002amountto724.742millioneuro.Theshareofthefederalandtherelatedbudgets.Theinitialpolicycreditsforthetotalfederalinterdepartmentalbudgetinparticularareaswhichfallunderitscompetence,aswellasexplicitlyformulatedcompetencesThesecondpolicylevelconcernsthefederalgovernment.ThisstillcontrolsscientificresearchFEDERALtwoLambermontAgreementwiththeallocationofthefundsforagriculturalresearchandfortheIn2003,thedefederalisationofagriculturewillbeexplicitlyexecutedinthecontextoftheresearchThereforethetransferoftheseareasofcompetencecoversthesubsidisedscientificagriculturaldorawmaterials,plantsandvegetableproducts,animalsandanimalproducts,insofarasthesethecompetencewithregardtothestandardisationofthecontroloftheeconomicqualityofnotrelatetopublichealth.andanumberofscientificinstitutes.scientificinstitutes(CLOandCLE)totheFlemishadministrativebudget.GOVERNMENTofinternationalresearchagencies.InterministerialConferenceforSciencePolicy”,dated1February1991.organs,includingtheCFS/STATforconsultationoninventoryandstatistics.andamendedbytheactof16July1993.submittotheEUandtheOECD. ChapterI.2–17

thesion-makingandmanagementprocessesinvolvedinresearchanddevelopmentatthelevelofCouncilofMinisters.Throughthesechannels,Flandersisalsoabletocontributetothedeci-tivesoftheMemberStates.ItisCRESTwhichadvisestheEuropeanCommissionandthehighestEuropeanadvisorybodyforscienceandtechnology,composedofscientificrepresenta-alsorepresentedintheCREST(ScientificandTechnicalResearchCommittee).Thisisthetheprioritylinesoftheresearchprogrammesandareresponsiblefortheirmanagement.ItisTheFlemishCommunityisrepresentedintheEUprogrammecommittees,whichworkoutders,tionalpossibilitiesforfundingresearchforuniversities,researchinstitutesandfirms..ForFlanTheresearchprogrammesorganisedinthe“FrameworkProgramme”involvesignificantaddimunitythermore,theaimistodevelopabettercoordinationofresearchanddevelopmentintheComtationoftheresearchresults,andtheimprovementoftrainingandmobilityinEurope.FurTothisend,thereareinitiativestostimulateresearchprogrammes,thedistributionandexploimotingalltheresearchactivitiesdeemednecessarybyvirtueofotherChaptersofthisTreaty.”nityindustryandencouragingittobecomemorecompetitiveatinternationallevel,whilepronityshallhavetheobjectiveofstrengtheningthescientificandtechnologicalbasesofCommu(exArticle130F)oftheTreatyestablishingtheEuropeanCommunitystates:“TheCommuThethirdlevelatwhichthesciencepolicyisdevelopedisintheEuropeanUnion.Article163EUROPEANtionalfundsforthewholeofBelgiumareintegrated,andthenthedataarepassedontotheinternalevel(EUandOECD).UNIONandMemberStates.thereturnfortheFourthFrameworkProgrammeamountedto273.4millioneuro.EU. ChapterI.2–18

Chapter I.3 theDivisionTheFlemishscience,technologyandinnovationpolicy–ofcompetenceswithinGovernmentofFlanders ChapterI.3 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION Inthefirstplace,thereisthecoherentonthebasisofmutualdiscussions,withaviewtoachievingefficientdecisionmakingandaInnovation,MediaandTownandCountryPlanning.However,theyactincloseconsultationtionandTraining,andtheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforFinanceandBudget,isdividedbetweentwoministers,viz.,theMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEducaInthepresentGovernmentofFlanders,thecompetencewithregardtotheactualsciencepolicyPOLICYandeffectivepolicy. “actualsciencepolicy”. Nevertheless,thereareanumberoffordegreeofcontinuity.ThemostimportantaxiominthisrespectisthatincreasingthecapacityTheobjectivesoftheFlemishscienceandtechnologypolicyarecharacterisedbyafairlyhigh(Universitydividedintothebudgetprogrammes33.1(EducationatInstitutesofHigherEducation),33.2TheOrganisationDivision33(HigherEducationandScientificResearchAdministration)isandsupplementedwithcreditsfromtheFundforSubsidiaryEconomicPolicyofprogramme51.271.471.371.271.1InnovationtheOrganisationDivisions71and33together.TheOrganisationDivision71(ScienceandThisconcernsthebudgetprogrammesofAdministration)isdividedintofourbudgetprogrammes:–generalsciencepolicy–scientificresearchontheinitiativeoftheresearchers–scientificresearchwithaneconomicfocus–strategicresearchandpolicy-orientedresearchpartofthecreditsoftheFinancingFundforone-offinvestmentexpenditure(FFEU).education)and33.3(CoordinationofHigherEducationPolicy).innovationinFlandersshouldcontributetolong-termwelfareandprosperity. newemphases

Informationbelow.AmoredetailedandconcretesummaryofthepolicyinitiativesisgiveninPartIIIofthisministerssetoutanumberofpolicylinesandpolicypriorities,whicharebrieflydescribedIntheirjointpolicymemorandum,“ScienceandTechnologyPolicy–2000-2004”,thetwoministers.institutesofhighereducation.Othersarerelatedtothepolicyoptionsofthetwocompetentaswellasaneedforasoundbasicinfrastructureandresearchpossibilitiesatuniversitiesandnewchallenges,whichrequireananswernow,suchastheseriouslackofqualifiedresearchers,inthepolicy.SomeofthesearetheresultofGuide:

ChapterI.3–19

1.reorganising and strengthening higher education 2.strengthening basic groundbreaking scientific InAthoroughexaminationwillbecarriedoutinordertosimplifytheadministrativestructures.8.rationalisationgeneralpowerinhighlytechnologicalsectors.Thethreeimportanttargetgroupsaretheyouth,theandtechnologyshouldalsobeincreased,particularlyinthelightofthedrasticshortageofmaninformedaboutthelatesttechnologicaldevelopments.TheinterestofyoungpeopleinscienceInordertodevelopandmaintainanadequatesocialfoundation,everylevelofsocietyshouldbe7.supportingbasisprojectsproposedbybusinessesthemselves.GroupingbusinessesonaparticulartechnologicalThusinthepolicyontechnology,theemphasiswillmainlybeonsupportingtechnologicalforproducts...ButtheseaspectsparticularlyformpartofthegeneralFlemisheconomicpolicy.estedinaspectssuchaspromotingriskcapital,simplifyingtherulesanddeterminingthenormsmenttechniques,etc.)ismuchmoredifficult.TheGovernmentofFlandersiscertainlyinteriftheycomplywiththesecriteria.Interveninginotherinnovativeareas(suchasnewmanageectsproposedbybusinessesthemselvesareevaluatedagainstqualitycriteria,andaresubsidisedAcentralaspectconcernsgovernmentsubsidiesfortechnologicalinnovationinindustry.Proj6.supportingastutes,newFlemishcentresofexcellencewillbesupportedwithaviewtoestablishingFlanderstheycanbeusedformorethanoneapplication/sector.Inadditiontotheexistingresearchinsti-necessarytostrengthenthebasicresearch.Afterall,thisproducesresultsofagenericnature:fiveyears),orwhichprovidesustainablealternativestothecurrentapproach.Thereforeitisnologieswhichprovidesolutionsforeconomicorsocialproblemsinthemediumterm(fourorInapolicyfocusingonsustainabledevelopment,itisessentialtoinvestinknowledgeandtech-5.technologicalbasicresearch:knowledgeforindustry,thenon-profitsectorandthegovern-researchinginformationwhichallowsthegovernmenttoactinaproactiveway.Inaddition,thereistimeperspectiveofthreetofiveyears–orevenlonger.ThistypeofresearchisaimedatgeneratResearchthatisrelevanttopolicyidentifiesandstudiesproblems,andthenplacestheminacentralneedforitsdecisionstobesoundlysupported.ThereforeresearchthatisrelevanttopolicyisofAstheproblemsbecomemorecomplex,theGovernmentofFlandersrecognisesthegreater4.researchaccessinthedevelopmentofahighqualityFlemishcomputernetwork,withinternationallinksandresearchers(bothinindustryandintheresearchworld).Inaddition,investmentsmustbemadetheuniversities,butalsoprovidesasolutionfortacklingthedrasticshortageofqualifiedincreaseinthefundsoftheSpecialResearchFund(BOF).Thiswillstimulatebasicresearchatincreasingtheoperationalsubsidiesandothersubsidiesfortheuniversities,aswellasadrasticThenecessarymeasureshavebeentakenfortherealisationofthesethreepolicylines,suchas3.strengtheningthecollectiveinfrastructureoftheuniversities,institutesofhighereducationresearchandresearchinstitutes.toelectronicdocumentationcentres.inpreparationofpolicy:aresponsetothenewsocialchallengesimportanceinpolicyfocusingonsustainabledevelopment.insupportofpolicy,aimedatrespondingtoshort-termquestionsregardingpolicy.mentaleaderinthefield.technologicalinnovationinFlemishindustryisanotherimportantfocusofattention.scienceinformationpublicandthebusinessworld.basedonareorganisationoftheadministrativestructuresthiscontext,acompleterangeofinstrumentswillbedevelopedforpolicyindicators. ChapterI.3–20

Inallthis,oneimportantandfundamentalpolicylineisthat theinitiativeoftheparties involvedhaspriority – both in universities and research institutes, and in industry. Obviouslytheimportanceofthe internationalisation ofscienceandtechnologyisnotforgot ten in all Thecificregardtoparticularbasicallocationsforwhichtherearecreditsforsciencepolicyfortheirspe-relatedtothem.ThereforealltheministersoftheGovernmentofFlandersarecompetentwithfields(includingresearchinsupportofpolicy),aswellastheotherscientificactivitiescloselyfortheinitiativeswithregardtoscientificresearch,whichleadtoknowledgeinspecificpolicywiththeactualsciencepolicy,andissupportedbyasectoralsciencepolicy.ThisisresponsibleThereforethepolicyontheenvironment,economy,publichealthetc.,iswhollyinterrelatedItisclearthatthepolicyconcernedaffectseveryaspectofourenvironmentandactivities.SECTORALentificChapterIII.5,EducationDepartment(OrganisationDivision33(HigherEducationandScianeconomicfocus)andIII.4(strategicresearchandresearchinsupportofpolicy),aswellasinsciencepolicy),ChapterIII.2(researchontheinitiativeoftheresearchers),III.3(researchwithThescience,technologyandinnovationpolicyisdescribedindetailinChaptersIII.1(generalthis.ResearchAdministration),ofthisInformationGuide.SCIENCEPOLICYfieldofcompetence.sectoralsciencepolicyisdescribedindetailinChapterIII.5ofthisInformationGuide. ChapterI.3–21

Chapter I.4 The administrative structures of the Flemish science policy ChapterI.4 managementThischaptergivesabriefoutlineofthecompositionoftheadministrativestructurefortheofsciencepolicy.Itconsistsof: Acentraladministration: TheDecreeMediaDepartmentoftheMinistryofFlanders.Theadministrationwasestablishedwhentherationandimplementationofpolicy.TheadministrationispartoftheScience,InnovationandFinanceandtheBudget,Innovation,MediaandTownandCountryPlanning,withtheprepa-FlandersforEducationandTraining,andtheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforTheScienceandInnovationAdministration.ThissupportstheMinisteroftheGovernmentofonAdministrativePolicyenteredintoeffecton12December1990.mostimportantkeytasksoftheAdministrationare:•thepreparation,implementationandsupportofthepolicy,policyevaluation;•thehorizontalcoordinationofthescienceandtechnologypolicy,internallyintheMinistryofFlanders,andwiththerelevantPublicInstitutionsandtheFlemishInstitutionsforPublicWelfare;•thedefenceofthepositionsoftheGovernmentofFlandersandtheFlemishCommunityinfederalandinternationalconsultationorgans,thepublicationofresearchactivitiesattheselevelsandthestimulationandsupportofFlemishscientistsintheirparticipation;•thecoordinationandexecutionofactivitiesrelatedtoscientificinformation;•monitoringthescienceandtechnologypolicyanditseffects–aswellasdevelopinginstrumentsforthemeasurementandassessmentofquality;•thefollow-upofscientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentsattheFlemish,federalandinternationallevels. Theadministrationsresponsibleforthesectoralsciencepolicy: whichmediapolicy),thevariousadministrationsarecompetentforthosesciencepolicyinitiativesWithintheAZF,COO,OND,WVC,EWBL,LINandWIMdepartments(asregardsthesupporttheirownpolicyandgivethemform. TheFWOFlandersandIWTFlandersInstitutes: Innovation,MediaandTownandCountryPlanning.Itisanintermediaryorganwhichdistribcompetentminister,theMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforFinanceandtheBudget,IWT-Flanders:implementspolicyrelatedtoindustryandoperateswithintheguidelinesoftheutesthefundsamongstbusinessesandresearchinstitutes,inaccordancewithsetselectioncriteriaandevaluationanddecision-makingprocedures. ChapterI.4–22

decision-makingandresearchinstitutes.AgainthisisinaccordancewithsetselectioncriteriaandevaluationandtionandTraining.ItisanintermediaryorganwhichdistributesthefundsamongstuniversitiesateswithintheguidelinesprovidedbytheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforEducaFWOFlanders:implementspolicywithregardtobasicresearchattheuniversities–andoperprocedures. Thethreeresearchinstitutes: rizeTheFlandersInteruniversityInstituteforBiotechnology(VIB):tostimulateresearchandvalomaterials;servicesinthreeresearchfields:non-nuclearenergy,theenvironment,rawmaterialsandnewTheFlemishInstituteforTechnologicalResearch(Vito):ResearchandDevelopment,andfieldTheInteruniversityMicro-ElectronicsCentre(IMEC):researchactivitiesandservicesintheofmicro-electronicsingeneral,andthetechnologyofintegratedsystemsinparticular.theresultsofthisresearchinthefieldofbiotechnology. Thesevenscientificinstitutes: The Centre for Population and Family Studies (CBGS): • andstudiesandresearchespopulationandfamilyissuestodevelopactivitiesforademographicfamilypolicy; • gives advice on population and family policy; • publishes the results of its research. The Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW): • fisheries;carriesoutscientificstudiesandresearchonforests,themanagementofgameandfreshwater • passes on the knowledge and experience that is gained to the competent authorities. The Institute of Nature Conservation (IN): • carries out scientific studies and research related to the conservation of nature; • carries out applied ecological and eco-hydrological research; • thecollectsdocumentation,passesonknowledgeandinsightsontheconservationofnaturetocompetentauthorities; • TheArchaeologicalFlemishInstitutefortheArchitecturalCulturalHeritage(BRON)(theformerInstitutefortheprovidesscientificinformationandgivesadvice,ontheinstructionsofthecompetentminister,topublicdepartmentsandlegalpersons.Heritage):•focusesonresearchandonincreasingtheaccessibilityofthearchaeological,monumentalandlandscapeheritage;•therewillbefurtherworkonthecompletionofascientificallysupportedandconstantlyupdatedCentralArchaeologicalInventory.RoyalMuseumofFineArts–Antwerp(KMSKA):•acquires,conserves,restoresandexhibitsitsownartcollection;•carriesoutscientificresearch;•publishescataloguesoffundsandannualaccounts;•organisesexhibitionsintheKMSKAandabroad;•organiseseducationalactivities:thetrainingofeducationalassistants,coursesforadults,lessonsforteachersandschools,guidedtours,lecturesandworkshopsforyoungpeople,publications;•organisesdocumentaryactivities:specialistlibrary,archivesandrecordsofthecollection. ChapterI.4–23

Agricultural Research Centre (CLO) • agriculturalsystemsforsustainableagriculturalproductionandmonitoringthequalityandsafetyofcurrentandfuturerequirementsandsupportingthetargetgroup.Thedevelopmentoftheorganisationandintroductionofmultidisciplinaryscientificresearch,dependingonandfoodproductsaretopprioritiesinallthedepartments; • carrying out and/or coordinating scientific research in support of policy; • policy;translatingtheinsightsthatareacquiredintothepreparation,supportandevaluationof • documentation;providingscientificservices,e.g.,intheformofadvice,products,techniques,conceptsand • documentationbuildingupknowledgeanddisseminatingitthroughpublications,lecturesandacentre; • providing long-term monitoring of certain aspects; • TheenclosedtableprovidesasurveyofthedivisionofthetasksofthemembersoftheGovernonTheRoyalAcademyofMedicineformulatesrecommendationstotheGovernmentofFlandersandTheRoyalFlemishAcademyofBelgiumforSciencesandArtsformulatesrecommendationssonologypolicytotheGovernmentofFlandersandtheParliamentofFlanders.TheCouncildoesTheFlemishCouncilforSciencePolicyformulatesrecommendationsonthescienceandtech-TheThechains.drawingupreportsinconnectionwiththecurrentsituationandanalysisofthedisruptionCentreforAgriculturalEconomics(CLE)•isresponsiblefortheeconomicobservationoftheagriculturalsector:drawingupanddistributingstatisticsontheagriculturalsector,bothatthemacro-economiclevel(prices,incomes,balances),andatthemicro-economiclevel(atfarmlevel,basedonaccountancyresults).Thesestatisticsmeetnational,regionalandinternationalneeds;•hasataskasaresearchorganisation,theresearchactivitiesfocusparticularlyondifferentagriculturalsectorsandontheirsocio-economicaspects;•hasthetaskofcarryingoutserviceactivities.Theseconcernvariousactivitieswithanemphasisonprovidingthenecessaryindicationsandresearchreportstothoseresponsibleforimplementingagriculturalpolicy.advisoryorgans:whenitisrequestedtodoso,andalsoonitsowninitiative.proposalstotheGovernmentofFlandersinthefieldofsciences,literatureandfinearts.medicalsciences,medicaltrainingandmedicalpractice.mentofFlandersforsciencepolicy,andthepartiesinvolved,thedifferentdepartmentsandadministrations,FlemishPublicInstitutions,researchandscientificinstitutes. ChapterI.4–24

ChapterI.4–25

HORIZONTAL BUDGET PROGRAMME FOR SCIENCE POLICY

Vito has developed a biological test for screening a large number of samples for dioxine activity. The CALUX test is suited for food as well as for environmental samples. (Vito photograph)

HORIZONTALBUDGETROGRAMMEFORSCIENCEPOLICY

PARTII

ChapterII.1–29

thoseatransparentandcoherentbudgetprogrammeforthepeopleresponsibleforpolicyandallsingonthecorrectfigurestotheinternationalforum.However,itisalsoimportanttodrawupAwell-structuredandcorrectlycomposedHBPWBisthereforeofcrucialimportanceforpasofareas,asclassifiedaccordingtotheNABScode(NomenclaturefortheanalysisandcomparisontheR&Dcredits,thereisalsoanindicationoftheclassificationwhichisusedfortheresearchforR&DwhicharemadeavailabletotheOECDareseparatefromthetwootheractivities.Forsummaryofthecreditsforsciencepolicy,whichcomprisesR&D,STETandSTS.Thefigureseffortsofthegovernmentandindustryinthevariouscountries.ForBelgium,thereisafederalTheresourcesforR&DareincludedbytheOECDinstatisticswhichareusedtocomparethetionservices(STS).TheclassificationintoR&D,STETandSTSfollowstheinternationaldefinianddevelopment(R&D),educationandtraining(STET),andscientificandtechnologicalcanbedistinguishedinthesesortsofcreditscanbeindicatedforeverybasicallocation:researchForthefurtheranalysisofthesecredits,theproportionofdifferentscientificactivitieswhichseries.ouspolicyareas.tispossibletoexploretheevolutioninFlemishsciencepolicybymeansoftimeHBPWBimmediatelyrevealswheretheemphasisliesintheoverallsciencepolicyandthevari-thefigures,togetherwiththecontentofthepolicyforthecredits.ThereforetheannualfundscientificactivitiesinFlanders.Foreachbasicallocation,explanationscanbegivenwithThesummaryofthecreditsforeachyearrevealstheeffortsoftheGovernmentofFlanderstowherementsandFlemishPublicInstitutions(VOIs)foractivitiesrelatedtosciencepolicy.ItindicatesTheHBPWBgivesaninsightintothecreditswhicharemadeavailableinthevariousdepart-tercatesthebasicallocationswhicharewhollyorpartlyallocatedtothesciencepolicywiththeletinnovationinthebudgetofaparticularyear.Theadministrativebudgetofexpenditureindisummaryofthecompetences,activitiesandprogrammesrelatedtoscience,technologyandTheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeForSciencePolicy(HBPWB)providesanoverallbudget“W”.thesefundsgo,andwhoisinvolvedintheirallocation.oftheFRASCATIManual(forthesedefinitions,seeChapterI.1).sciencificprogrammesandbudgets–alsoseeChapterI.1).involvedinFlemishsciencepolicy.

Chapter II.1 Definitions – aim ChapterII.1

Chapter II.2 Drawing up the Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy ChapterII.2 3°bygovernmentwishestoimplementintermsofscience,technologyandinnovation.ThisisdoneThereforethe“HorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy”reflectsthepolicywhichtheordinanceTheseindicatethepolicyscopeforaparticularpolicyarea.Thereforetheydonotincludethe2°TheHBPWBcontainsonlytherecordedcreditsandtheauthorisationsforrecordingcredits.ogyPolicy(asdescribedintheFRASCATIManual),aswellastheinternationalNABSterminol-nationaldefinitionsareusedwhendrawinguptheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforScienceparetheeffortsofgovernmentsandindustryataninternationallevel.Thatiswhycurrentinter-ThefundsforResearchandDevelopmentareincludedbytheOECDinthestatisticstocom-the1°Thefiguresmustbecomparableatthefederallevelandattheinternationallevel,whereallInFlemishthecontent.Alargeproportionofthedatacomefromthecompetentadministrationsandthebasic“science”allocationsaresystematicallycollected,andthereisalsoananalysisintermsofTodrawuptheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy(HBPWB),thedataofthePublicInstitutions.drawinguptheHBPWBthefollowingprinciplesapply:dataarecollectedandpublished(EuropeanUnionandOECD).(definitions,seeChapterI.1).credits.providingasummaryoftheavailablecreditsandtherelatedcontent.TheHBPWBmustbecoherentandtransparentonthebasisofthefollowingprinciples:•Allthebasicallocationsmustclearlyrefertothosescientificactivitiesthatarefundedbythem.•Inaddition,theymustalwaysretaintheircharacterofa“scientific”basicallocationforseveralyears.Thisallowsforananalysisoveralongerperiod.•TheHBPWBmustprovideasummaryofthevarioustypesoffunding,activitiesandprogrammes,whichtogetherconstitutetheFlemishSciencePolicy.•An“explanatorymemorandum”mustbedrawnuponthecontentoftheprojectsandinitiativesforwhichthecreditsareusedforeachbasicallocation,toaccompanythesummariesofthecreditsforsciencepolicy.•TheHBPWBmustalsoprovideasummaryandexplanationofthemostimportantpolicylinesforimportantfoundations,scientificinstitutesandresearchinstitutes. ChapterII.2–31

PARTIII HORIZONTAL BUDGET PROGRAMME FOR SCIENCE POLICY 2003 PartIII 33 HORIZONTALBUDGETPROGRAMMEFORSCIENCEPOLICY2003 UTCS (ultra-thin chip stacking) silicium substrate. Copyright IMEC

Eachchapterstartswithanexplanatorytext,followedbythetablewithbasicallocations(crecreditsundividedanddividedcredits,variablecreditsandallocationauthorisations.Afterall,itisthefor2003,onthebasisoftheprogrammes.Onlythepolicycredits(allocations)areindicated:ThefirstfivechaptersofPartIIIprovideanoutlineofthebudgetsforscienceandtechnologydestination.theadministrativebudget,withthecreditsallocatedtothelatter–togetherwiththeirThebudgetprogrammesalwayssummarisethebasicallocationsasanumberedcomponentofsocialtheHealthCareAdministration,includingprogrammes42.1(PublicHealth),42.2(Medical-thecompetenceoftheseadministrations.Forexample,organisationdivision42comesunderdepartment.Infact,the(budget)programmesarethevariouspolicydomainswhichfallunderwithinthelargeorganisationdivisions.Thesecorrespondtotheadministrationswithinainnovationpolicy,withanoutlineofallthepolicyfundsforthevariousbudgetprogrammesTheHBPWBgroupstogetherformallthebasicallocationsforthescienceandtechnologytionThesummaryofthecreditsforscienceandtechnologyfollowstheusualhierarchicalclassifica-comprises:ThisoutlineoftheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicy(HBPWB)for2003•thefundsforthebasicallocations(BAs)oftheactualbudgetforthesciencepolicy,groupedinthebudgetprogrammesof:organisationdivision71(ScienceandInnovationAdministration,WIMdepartment):71.1Generalsciencepolicy;71.2Scientificresearchontheinitiativeoftheresearcher;71.3Scientificresearchwithaneconomicfocus;71.4Strategicresearchandpolicy-orientedresearch;supplementedwithcreditsfromtheFundforSubsidiaryEconomicPolicyofprogramme51.2andpartofthecreditsoftheFinancingFundforone-offinvestmentexpenditure(FFEU).organisationdivision33(HigherEducationandScientificResearch,EducationDepartment):33.1(EducationatInstitutesofHigherEducation),33.2(Universityeducation);33.3(CoordinationofHigherEducationPolicy);whichfalldirectlyunderthecompetenceoftheMinisterofEducationandTrainingortheMinisterofFinanceandtheBudget,Innovation,MediaandTownandCountryPlanning,orunderthesharedcompetenceofbothministers.•thefundsforthesectoralsciencepolicyallocatedtotheBAs,whichfallunderthecompetencesoftheotherministersoftheGovernmentofFlandersinthebudget.oftheadministrativebudget:•department•organisationdivision(OA)•budgetprogramme(prog.)•basicallocation(BA)Policy),etc.whichindicatethepolicyarea.ditsinmillionsofeuro–millionsofEUR).Thefollowinginformationisgivenforeachbudgetprogramme,foreachbasicallocation.•KR2003:theentirecreditsallocatedtoaparticularBA;•WB2003:thesumactuallyallocatedforsciencepolicy.Theremainderisallocatedtoothernon-scientificactivities;•R&D:theamountoftheBAthatisintendedforR&D(researchanddevelopment)in2003;•STET:theamountoftheBAthatisintendedforSTET(educationandtraining)in2003;•STS:theamountoftheBAthatisintendedforSTS(scientificandtechnologicalservices)in2003;•MR&D:themultiplierforR&D; PartIII–35

• MSTET: the multiplier for STET; • MSTS: the multiplier for basedsistencywithregardtothedataandschedules.ThetablesofanalysesinChapterIII.7arealsobytheParliamentofFlanders.However,theintentionisalsotoensureacertaindegreeofconaspossible.ThereforeitisnotpossibletowaitfortheadaptedbudgetwhichhasbeenapprovedvideinformationforallthoseinvolvedinFlemishsciencepolicy,itshouldbepublishedassoonThereasonforstatingtheinitialcreditshereisobvious:astheInformationGuideshouldproencespassesthemontotheinternationallevel(OECDandEuropeanUnion).Ingeneral,thedifferarethefigureswhichwilleventuallybesubmittedtothefederalgovernment,whichinturnmaybecreated.Allthesechangesareincludedinthe“definitive”adaptedsciencebudget.Theseinitiatives.TherecouldbeadaptationsinthebudgetfortheexistingScienceBAs,ornewBAsInthecourseoftheyeartheremaybefurtherchangesinthecredits,dependingonthepolicybudgetthe“DecreerelatingtotheGeneralExpenditureBudgetoftheFlemishCommunityfortheThefiguresintheHBPWB2003concerntheinitialcreditsforthe2003budgetcontainedingrossChapterIII.8providesanapproximatecalculationoftheR&Dfundsasapercentageoftheoverthereforegivesaclearpictureoftheallocationofthewayinwhichthebudgetisdistributedfornon-focusedgroundbreakingresearch,globalfundsforindustrialresearch,etc.Thischaptergoriesalsousedinpreviousyears,whicharebasedonthedestinationofthefunds:freefundsChapterIII.7regroupsthefundsforscienceandtechnologyinaccordancewiththemaincate2003.universitiesforthepolicyonthis.Theevolutionofthesefundsisoutlinedfortheperiod1993-togethermore,accompaniedbytheincreasingimportanceoftheoperationalpaymentsofthetionsfromOA71toOA33,sothatthepolicycreditsfortheuniversitiesweregroupedThiscombinationofthetwoOAswasintroducedbecauseofthetransferofcertainbasicallocaInnovationAdministration)andoforganisationdivision33oftheEducationDepartment.“actualsciencepolicy”.Thisincludestheprogrammesoforganisationdivision71(ScienceandChapterIII.6providesaconcisesurveyofthenewpolicyfundsandpolicyemphasesforthe71.3lowsattheendofthisintroduction,accompaniedbytheoverallsumsfortheBPs71.1,71.2,Inaddition,theNABScodeisindicatedfortheR&DcreditsfortheBAs.ThelistofthesefolorSTS.ThesumoftheseisobviouslyequaltotheshareoftheBAwhichisforsciencepolicy.ThemultipliersindicatewhatproportionofthecreditisrespectivelyallocatedtoR&D,STETSTS.and71.4.Thesectoralsciencepolicyindicatestotalsforeverydepartment.themainfieldsofaction,aswellastheevolutionduringtheperiod1993-2003.regionalproductofFlanders,seeninaninternationalperspective.year2003,adoptedbytheParliamentofFlanderson18December2002”.areminimalwithinthesciencebudgetasawhole.ontheinitialcredits,ascoherenceisalsoimportantinthisrespect. PartIII–36

List of the NABS codes. Some of the BAs were analysed to the sub-NABS level. 1EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION OF THE EARTH 2INFRASTRUCTURE AND GENERAL PLANNING OF LAND USE 2.0General research 2.1General planning of land-use 3CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 3.0General research on the environment 3.1Protection of atmosphere and climate 3.2Protection of ambient air 3.3Solid 3.4Protectionwasteof ambient water (excluding groundwater) 3.5Protection of soil and ground water 3.6Abatement of noise and vibration 3.7Protection of species and habitats 3.8Protection against natural hazards 3.9Protection against radioactive radiation 3.10Other research on the environment 4PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF HUMAN 13DEFENCE12OTHER11NON-ORIENTED10RESEARCH9EXPLORATION8.9Other8.7Social8.6Political8.5Social8.4Improvement8.3Management8.2Cultural8.1Education,8.0Research8SOCIAL7INDUSTRIAL6.9Other6.6Food6.5Forestry6.4Crops6.3Veterinary6.2Fisheries6.1Animal6.0General6AGRICULTURAL5PRODUCTION,DISTRIBUTIONANDRATIONALUTILISATIONOFHEALTHENERGYPRODUCTIONANDTECHNOLOGYresearchproductsandfish-farmingmedicineandtimberproductiontechnologyresearchonagriculturalproductionandtechnologyPRODUCTIONANDTECHNOLOGYSTRUCTURESANDRELATIONSHIPSofageneralnaturetraining,lifelonglearningandretrainingactivitiesofbusinessesandinstitutionsofworkingconditionssecuritysystemstructureofsocietychange,socialprocessesandsocialconflictsresearchwithregardtosocietyANDEXPLOITATIONOFSPACEFINANCEDFROMGENERALUNIVERSITYFUNDSRESEARCHCIVILRESEARCH PartIII–37

Chapter III.1 General Science Policy ChapterIII.1 ProgrammeforSciencePolicy(HBPWB)everyyearsince1996.ThisnotonlymonitorstheogyandinnovationattheFlemishlevel.Tomonitorthis,therehasbeenaHorizontalBudgetOneoftheimportantaspectsofthisisthegovernmenteffortswithregardtoresearch,technolIII.4).doneincooperationwiththeR&DStatisticsSupportCentre(alsoseeBA33.04ofChapternologyandInnovation(STI)inthecontextofthefederalandinternationallevel.ThiswillbeInaddition,theintentionistocontinuetodevelopandexpandtheindicatorsforScience,Techexaminations.variousinstitutionsandadministrations,theorganisationofdialogueandcarryingoutforexample,advisingtheGovernmentofFlandersonpolicywithregardtotheoperationofthethefirstoperationalobjective:tocreatetransparentpolicystructures.Aspectsofthisinclude,0.581millionEURisallocatedtothisBA.Thebudgetserves,amongstotherthings,toachieveactionsBA12.01Expenditurerelatedtothedesign,preparationandimplementationofscientific7.Develop6.Provideinformationaboutscientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentsforthegeneralpublic.5.Encourage4.Increase3.Scientific2.Balanced1.TransparentThe3.Strengtheningthecollectiveelectronicinfrastructureofuniversities,institutesofhigher2.Science1.Rationalizationofthepreparation,implementation,andmonitoringofthescienceandTheTheintegrationandtechnologyinnovationpolicy.Theinstrumentsusedtosupportit,itspublicationanditstherequiredactivitiesfortheoveralldesign,elaborationandevaluationoftheFlemishscienceProgramme71.1includesalltheexpenditureforthe“GeneralSciencePolicy”.Thiscomprisesintheinternationalforum,alsofallunderthispackage.expenditureamountsto14.087millionEUR.budgetprogramme,hasthefollowingstrategicobjectives:technologyinnovationpolicy.information:strengtheningthesocialbasisofthescienceandtechnologypolicy.educationandresearchinstitutes.followingoperationalobjectiveshaveprioritytoachievethesestrategicobjectives:policystructures.adviceforpolicy.supportfortheinitiativeswhichhavebeentaken.thescientificandtechnologicalpotentialofthepopulationwithlifelonglearning.enterpriseamongstFlemishyouthandthegeneralpublic.ahighlyefficientelectronicnetworkinFlanders. ChapterIII.1–38

isedsionthatwasalsoreachedintheinternationalEUconferenceon“ScienceandSociety”,organticipateintheinformationsociety.Themessageisthatitisimportanttostartyoung,aconcluhavetohaveaminimumknowledgeofscienceandtechnologicalinnovationtobeabletoparsocietywillnotonlyrequireincreasingnumbersofhighlyeducatedpeople,buteveryonewilltechnologyforthefutureofyoungpeoplethroughouttheirschoolcareer.OurinformationThisobjectiveshouldbesupported,forexample,bypointingouttheimportanceofscienceandadministrationstialofthepopulationbymeansoflifelonglearning”.Representativesofthecabinetsandaboveallconcernsachievingtheobjectiveof“increasingthescientificandtechnologicalpotenpetencewithregardtopopularisingscience,technologyandtechnologicalinnovation.ThisScienceandTechnology–wasestablishedtoachievethecooperationofthetwoareasofcomandTechnologicalInnovationPolicy.Inthefirstinstance,adiscussiongrouponEducation–courseof2002tothestructuralcooperationbetweenthepolicyareasofEducationandScienceFollowingtheresultsoftheinitialstudyonScienceInformation,attentionwasdevotedintheGuide.Fortheconcreteobjectivesofthisactionplan,referenceismadetothepreviousInformationpolicy.actionplan.ThisactionplanisincorporatedintheoverallscienceandtechnologyinnovationCountryPlanning,insupportofthisstrategicobjectiveistheannualScienceandInnovationEducationandTrainingandofFinanceandtheBudget,Innovation,MediaandTownandTheinstrumentusedbytheGovernmentofFlanders,inparticular,bytheFlemishMinistersofwhichtostrengthenthesocialsupportforscience,technologyandtechnologicalinnovationinaworldattentioninthescienceandtechnologyinnovationpolicy.TheunderlyingstrategicobjectiveisThepolicyonScienceInformationandInnovationcontinuestobeanimportantpointfor5.054tificBA33.01Avarietyofsubsidieswithregardtothepublicationofthesciencepolicyandscien-BAhenceforthtrativestructures,including,forexample,thePlanningandStatisticsAdministration(APS),ensuredfortheSTIindicatorsandstatistics,aswellascooperationwiththeFlemishadminisInaddition,consultationandinteractionatthefederalandinternationallevelareobviouslyalsowww.innovatie.vlaanderen.be/beleid/index.htmandtheEnglishlanguageversionareavailableontheinternet(asarethepreviouseditions)onstrengthentheinternationalreputationoftheFlemishsciencepolicy.BoththeDutchlanguageGuide,whichisnowinitseightheditionin2003.ThereisalsoanEnglishlanguageversiontorelatedtothesciencebudgetandtheanalysesofexpenditurecanbefoundinthisInformationismonitoredforthemainsectors(basicresearch,scientificinstitutes,etc.).Theactivitieshasbeenspent,andonwhat.Ontheotherhand,thenatureoftheexpenditureanditsevolutionysesofexpenditureforparticularsectors.Theselookatwhetherthewholeofthesciencebudgetfromthefinancialsystem(supplementedwithourownanalyses),aswellassubject-relatedanalInaddition,therearealsotheanalysesoftheexpenditureforsciencepolicy:onthebasisofdataisThisthoroughanalysisoftheFlemishbudgetforthescienceandtechnologyinnovationpolicyfigures,butalsothepolicylinesandemphasesdrawnupeveryyear,aswellastherelatedcredits.apowerfulinstrumentforthewholepolicyaspect.ofcoursealsoincooperationwiththeR&DStatisticsSupportCentre.12.03Popularisationofscience,technologyandtechnologicalinnovationandresearchmillionEURisallocatedtothesetwoBAstogether(4.645milliontoBA12.03).isconstantlyevolvingfurthertowardsaninformationsociety.willparticipateinthisdiscussiongroup.byFlandersinthecontextoftheBelgianEUpresidency. ChapterIII.1–39

parties,tion,thatisresponsibleforensuringthequalityandcorrectexecutionoftheactionplanbythirdthegovernment).Forbothapproachesitisalwaystheadministrativeentity,ScienceInforma(orprojectswhichdevelopedinthefield),orwiththetop-downapproach(projectsinitiatedbyIntheactionplan,thefundswilleitherbeallocatedinaccordancewiththebottom-upapproachEU’sofgender;wherepossible,thiswillcorrespondasfaraspossibletothedevelopmentsoftheplaninamorestructuralway.Furthermore,attentionwillcontinuetobedevotedtotheissuescopeofthepartiesconcernedandtomakeuseofpartieswhocangiveaddedvaluetotheactionandbottom-upapproachtothepolicycyclewillbeadopted.TheaimisalsotostrengthentheOnthebasisofthesefocuses,anetwork(ofexpertise)willalsobedrawnup,andatop-downmeanstheresultsoftheindicatedinitialstudyandotherfuturestudiesonscienceinformation(byTheScienceInformationandInnovationActionPlanfor2003willbedevelopedinrelationtoscience.planwhichisexplicitlyconcernedwiththe“gendertheme”,referringabovealltowomenandbiologicaldifferences.Thisexhibition,setupinTechnopolis,isthefirstprojectintheactionanotheraspectofthisactionplan.Inadditiontoscientificandtechnicalskills,italsodealtwith“ThelargesEKSPERIMENT”,aninteractiveexhibitionofthetalentsofmenandwomen,wasnetworksTheaimistodevelopanequivalentnetworkforsecondaryeducationaswell–TOSO.Bothvideeducation–theTOBOnetwork.Theexpertisewhichisavailablethereissuchthatitcanpro-trainingandsupportinteachertraining.Thissortofnetworkisalreadyavailableforprimarythatthiswasstilllacking.Atalaterstage,thissortofnetworkcanalsobeusedforin-servicecationalpractice,andprovideafront-lineservicetoteachers.Infact,theinitialstudyrevealedinsights,examplesofpracticeandmethodsofimplementationthathavebeencollectedinedumore,theseworkinggroupsmustalsobesupportedbyanetworkinordertointegratethetice,andontheotherhand,alsodevelopgoodtechniquesfortheirimplementation.Furtherframeofreference,thetwoworkinggroupsmusttraceand/ormonitorexamplesofgoodpracicalEducationinordertoprovidebetterexamplesofclassroompractice.WithinaparticularworkinggroupforSecondaryEducation(SO),whichweretoworkontheissuesofTechnologabove-mentioneddiscussiongroup:aworkinggroupforPrimaryEducation(BaO)andaInthecourseof2002,two(educational)workinggroupswereactuallyestablishedintheactionsaspectisactuallythemostsuitable–particularlyinprimaryeducation–forincorporatinglationoftheaspectofTechnologicalEducationintheattainmenttargetsineducation.ThisThestartingpointadoptedforthis,aboveall,isthethoroughandeducationallyjustifiedtransfarbymeansofacoordinatedapproachwhichfocusesonthewholeschoolcareerandrelatesthisastionwillcontinuetodeterminethecharacterofthisobjective,andcontributetoitsachievementTheabove-mentionedstrengthenedcooperationbetweenEducationandScienceandInnovaaspossibletothetwopolicyareas.topopularisescience,technologyandtechnologicalinnovation.in-servicetrainingandsupportforteachertraining.willbecontrolledbythe(ScienceInformation)Administration.ofthemonitoringfunction),andwillfocusonthevariousobjectives.“ScienceandSociety”actionplan.orfortheexecutionitself. 1.Bottom-up approach: This concerns the projects which developed in the field. Three levels can be distinguished: a. Seedlevel thereforealreadyhaveacertainoutline,andwhichcanbeappropriatelyincorporatedinthe:tosupportvaluableinitiativesorprojectswhichdevelopedbottomup,and ChapterIII.1–40

achieved.actionplan.Theseinitiativesareusuallysmallscale,andrequirelimitedencouragementtobe b. Growthormaturitylevel informationthebestonesareselectedandsupported,followinganinvitationforproposalsforscience:atthislevel,valuableprojectsandactorscompetewitheachother:projects. c. Consolidationlevel basisR.V.O.Foundation,etc.).Theseinstitutionscarryoutanumberofregularactionsonthenetwork,thepeople’spopularstargazinggroups,scientificcompetitions(Olympiads,thelongertermsupport.ExamplesincludetheTechnopolisinteractivecentre,theTOBObecauseoftheirexpertiseorexperienceareusedinamorestructuralwaybyproviding:partieswhoareabletoprovidepermanentaddedvaluetotheactionplanoftheirownoperation,whicharedefinedintheactionplan. 2.Top-down approach usedtocontinuetosupporttheelectronicnetworkingofFlemishresearchersbymeansofsubTheavailablebudgetof2.5millionEUR(forthetwoBAstogether)for2003willthereforebenotwouldprovideacheapandlastingsolution.Researchhasshownthatthisproposaliscurrentlyin2002,whileBELNETwouldstillcontinuetoperformthedatatransport.ThisscenarioCommunity’sownfibreopticnetworkinthenetworkinfrastructureforresearchwasexaminedtherentallines.Inordertomeetthesecosts,thepossibilityofmakinguseoftheFlemishregularsubsidyfromtheGovernmentofFlanders.Themainreasonforthisisthehighcostsofpermanentaccesstothispowerfulresearchnetworkisonlypossibleaslongastheyreceiveamakeregularpaymentswhichsometimesexceedwhattheycanafford.Fortheseinstitutes,Flemishscientificinstitutes,etc.Ontheotherhand,theinstituteswhichareconnectedhavetohighereducationwhichhavenotyetbeenincluded,suchasthedatacentreVLIZ,anumberofR&Dnetworkinfrastructurehasbeenachievedyet.Ontheonehand,thereareinstitutesofThisactionwascertainlyapositivestepforwards,butitdoesnotmeanthatahighlyefficientMbpsjointconnectioncapacityoftheinstitutesofhighereducationtotheinternetincreasedfrom7success.Virtuallyalltheinstitutesofhighereducationjoinedthefederalresearchnetwork.TheeducationwithanefficientconnectiontoBELNET,liketheuniversities.ThisactionwasaIn2001,2.5millionEURofsubsidywassetasidetoprovideFlemishinstitutesofhigherBABAalthoughonthebasisofacompetitioninwhichthestructuralpartnersarethemaincompetitors,usuallyexecutedbyScienceInformationitself.However,itcanalsocontractoutthisexecutionThisincludestheprojectswhicharedefinedonthebasisofthepolicyitself,andwhichareotherpartieswithrelevantexpertisecanalsocompete.12.06AvarietyoftasksrelatedtotheFlemishelectronicnetwork41.05SubsidyfortheFlandersElectronicNetworkin2000toalmost120Mbpsin2002!feasible.sidies.TheinstitutesofhighereducationaresubsidisedforthecoststoremainconnectedtoBELNET.Ontheotherhand,otherinstitutesintheresearchfieldwhichhavenotyetbeenincludedarealsoreceivingsubsidies.Inthecourseof2003aplanforseveralyearswillbedrawnupforachievingahighlyefficientR&Dnetworkinfrastructure,aswellasinitiativestopromoteitsuseforthepurposesofresearch.BA12.20Avarietyofcommunicationinitiativesrelatedtoscience,technologyandinnovationAcreditof0.253mln.EURwasallocatedforthecommunicationinitiatives(suchaswebsite,publications,mediaspace,communicationcampaigns,etc.)oftheScienceandInnovationAdministration. ChapterIII.1–41

encompassesallthedisciplines.supportprojectandprogrammemanagement,monitoring,evaluationandpolicy.TheinventoryincreasingthevisibilityandaccessibilityofFlemishresearch.Inaddition,thedatabankservestoTheIWETOprovidesinformationaboutFlemishresearchactivities,withasecondaryaimofBA41.04Subsidyrelatedtotheinventoryofscientificandtechnologicalresearch(IWETO)amountsto0.252millionEUR.sionsforstudies,theCouncilcanappealtoadhocworkinggroupsorexternalexperts.ThegranttionalCooperation,andBudget&Finance.Forresearchrelatedtoparticularissues,orforcommisfollowingfourpermanentcommissions:SciencePolicy,TechnologyPolicy,Federal&InternaandonthepositionadoptedbyFlandersinthisrespect.Toprepareitsadvice,theCouncilhasthetiative),theCouncilgivesadviceongeneralorspecificpointsinthescienceandtechnologypolicyFivecivilservantsparticipateinthemeetingswithanadvisoryvote.(Ifrequested,oronitsowninienceandTechnology.Flanders(SERV).TheChairmanandfourmembersareappointedbytheFlemishMinisterforScinatedbytheFlemishInteruniversityCouncil(VLIR),andsixbytheTheFlemishCouncilforSciencePolicyconsistsofthechairmanand16members:sixarenomiBAciplinesandtheoperatingcostsforamaximumoftwenty-fiveFlemishcontactgroupsforparticulardisexpensesforforeigntopresearchers,temporarysupplystafftostandinforFlemishresearchers,ThefundingoftheFlemishForumforKnowledgeandCultureismainlyforaccommodationplinesframeworkforreflection,wheretheinteractionbetweenindividualsfromthevariousdisci-cooperatewithwell-knownresearchersfromothercountriesforlongperiods.Thisresultsinalished.ThiscentreformsaninterdisciplinarymeetingplacewhereFlemishresearcherscancounterthis,theFlemishAcademicCentrefortheSciencesandtheArts(VLAC)wasestab-riskofthefieldofapplicationandthefocusbecomingnarrowerandnarrower.InordertoResearchautomaticallyleadstoincreasingspecialisation.However,thismeansthatthereisaprovidingcreatelinksbetweenthescientistsofthecommunitiesandthoseofothercountries,aswellasThesubsidyamountsto0.750mln.EUR.OneoftheobjectivesoftheRoyalAcademyistoBAopenedexploitationofTechnopolis,theinteractiveFlemishScienceandTechnologycentre,whichscienceandtechnologyclosertothepeople”.Inthisway,theFTIisresponsiblefortheTheFTIFoundationisactiveinprovidingscientificinformationwiththeaimof“bringingTechnopolis)–andthecooperationwiththeFlemishCommunityisarrangedinanagreement.arethestructuralpartners–oneofthemostimportantistheFTIFoundation(includingexecutionoftheactionplaniscontractedouttothirdpartiestoalargeextent.Themainonespublicationofpolicyandscientificresearchandthecommunicationonthesesubjects.Theamountsto7.186millionEURfor2003:forthepopularisationofscienceandtechnology,theTechnopolisFoundationshouldalsobeincluded.Altogetherthetotalofthefundsinvolvedand33.01.However,inadditionthefundsforthesubsidyof2.132millionEURfortheFTIThefundsforscienceinformationaremainlygroupedinthetwoabove-mentionedBAs,12.03BATheseScienceBA12.28ResearchundertheauspicesoftheMinisteroftheGovernmentofFlandersforPolicyandTechnologycredits(0.347millionEUR)fundspecificprojectsrelatedtopolicysupport.33.03SubsidyfortheFlandersTechnologyInternationalFoundation(FTI)itsdoorsatthebeginningof2000.41.01SubsidyfortheRoyalFlemishAcademyofBelgiumforSciencesandArtsadvicetogovernments.resultsinanincreasedscientificpotential.(Contactforums).41.03GrantfortheFlemishCouncilforSciencePolicySocio-EconomicCouncilof ChapterIII.1–42

Thetimeacademicemployeesforresearchprojectsonanindividualbasis.Flanders(SERV)asaspecificresearchcentreoftheFlemishsocialpartners.STVemploystenfull-STVInnovation&EmploymentisincorporatedinthestructureoftheSocio-EconomicCouncilofThesubsidyforSTVamountsto1.973millionEUR.BA41.06SubsidyfortheFoundationTechnologyFlandersinparticular,thegovernment’scontributiontothecostsofthelocalcollectionofdata.The0.210millionEURallocatedtotheBA41.04concernsthesubsidybudgetfortheuniversities,hyperlinktothecompleteprovisionofdataoneachother’swebsite.cooperationwasinitiallylimitedtotheexchangeofprojectdata.Thiswasreplacedin2002withachannelthatenablesDutchandFlemishresearcherstofindeachotherinanefficientway.TheregardtotheaccessofDutchdatatoFlemishresearchers,andviceversa.ThiscreatesanadditionalDatabank(NOD).Thereisalong-runningagreementbetweentheIWETOandtheNODwithTheNetherlandshasdevelopedacomparablesystemonresearchinformation:theDutchResearchPERSON:surveyoftheavailabledatainthedatabank.parties;EQUIP:highlytechnologicalequipmentavailableinFlanders,whichcanalsobeusedbythirdCOOP:internationalandtransregionalcooperativeventures;EXPERT:consultancy,servicesandresearchtechniquesofferedtothirdparties;PROJECT:currentresearchprojects;TEAM:themainlinesandachievementsoftheFlemishresearchteams;individually:Thenewmodelcomprisesthefollowinginformationelements,whichcanbeapproachedjointlyorclassificationorkeyword,persons,unitsofanorganisation,etc.)andadetailedsearchscreen.methods:asimplesearch,anassistedsearchwithpreceding“lookup”possibilities(e.g.,subjectviaanoriginal,user-friendlyinterfacewhichintuitivelysupervisestheuserinthreedifferentsearchthecooperationofIWETO,inthecontextofEurocris(www.eurocris.org).Thenewsiteprovides2000researchinformationformatcurrentlybeingfinalisedintheEuropeancontext,interalia,withfromthere-engineeringmovementin1999-2001.ThismodellingisapreviewofthenewCERIFIn2002,anewwebsitebecameoperational,basedentirelyontheinformationmodellingresulting projectthemes Broadlyspeaking,STVInnovation&Employmentcarriesouttwotypesofresearch.Thefirstissented.numberofcompaniesacrossthesectoralboundaries.Thesocialpartnersarealwaysequallyreprevation,andnewformsofemployementoflabour.Theprojectsalwaysconcern(sub)sectorsoracernsthesearchbycompaniesforabalancebetweentechnologicalinnovation,organisationalinnocorrespondtoconcreteconcernsorquestionsofthesocialpartners–thiscon qualitativeresearch oninthegraphicssector;andcontinuousshiftsystemsinindustry.Thesecondtypeofprojectisbasedmentinfooddistribution;end-of-careerpolicyinthesocialprofitandprivatesector;qualitycontrolThefollowingprojectsarebeingcarriedoutorpreparedatthemoment:client-orientedmanageintoaparticularinnovationortopic,basedoncasestudiesorlimitedsurveys. representativesurveys sector.humanisationofcontinuousshiftsystemsinindustry;greaterflexibilityintheaudio-visualmediaadministrativestaffininstitutesofhighereducation,qualitycontrolinthegraphicssector;theofworkintheclothingindustry,thelaundrysectorandinSMEs;stressamongstlecturersandorganisation&employmentinbusinessandintellectualcompaniesprovidingservices;thepressure2004).Atthemoment,thefollowingsurveysarebeingcarriedoutorplanned:sectoralscreeningofFlandersarebeingscreenedeverythreeyears(in1998,2001,andthenextscreeningwillbeindeploymentoflabour.Forthispurpose,arepresentativesampleofcompaniesinallthesectorsin,andaimstorevealthemaintrendsinorganisationalinnovationandthe ChapterIII.1–43

investsalotofenergyintheSTVInnovation&EmploymentInadditiontocarryingoutresearch, valori sation Theinformationinthetheresearchresults.areorganisedeveryyeartopresentFourorfiveseminarsorstudydayssoon,everyyear.equallycomposedtargetgroupsandcircles,unionrepresentatives,traininginitiativesformanagementteamisinvolvedinmorethan120andthetrainingactivities.TheSTVchuresandSTVCommunications)policy(includingtheSTVBrotrainingcoordinatethepublicationandthecollaboratorresponsibleforthem.Thefourstaffcollaboratorssocialpartnerscanmakefulluseofoftheresults,sothatallthe STVDocumentationCentre canbeconsulted contactpersonscanbefoundontherecentlyplannedinitiatives,andofapresentationofalltheactivities&than150reportsand50brochures),completelistofpublications(moreTheresultsofpreviousprojects,theonappointment. website:http://www.serv.be/stv/ ChapterIII.1–44

Chapter III.2 Scientific research on the initiative of the researcher ChapterIII.2 ingthedefinitiveapprovaloftheBOFdecisionwhichformsthelegalgroundsforthis.Forthesizeoftheprojects,aredeterminedinaministerialdecisionwhichisofficiallyissued,followResearchFund.Thespecificmodalitieswithregardtobilateralscientificcooperation,suchasof3.5%ofthegovernmentcontributioneveryyearforprojectproposalstotheSpecialscientificcooperationtheuniversitiesareobligedinprincipletoprovideatleasttheequivalent(BOF)andintheoperatingfundsofVito,IMECandITG.Forthisnewapproachtobilateralmanagedforbilateralscientificcooperation–wasintegratedintheSpecialResearchFundinstitutesconcerned,wasimplemented.From2003,thewholeamount–originallycentrally“BilateralScientificandTechnologicalCooperation”programmeandtransferthefundstotheThedecisionoftheGovernmentofFlanders(1February2002)tochangethefocusoftheABAThereforeinvestmentsubsidies,theSpecialResearchFundsformthebasicfundingfortheuniversities.oftheresearcher,basedonanintra-universityselection.TogetherwiththeoperationalandThedestinationofthefundswasretained:fundingofgroundbreakingresearchontheinitiativeThefundsfortheSpecialResearchFundswerealreadytransferredtoprogramme33.2in2002.operatingandjournalsinelectronicform(formerlyallocatedtothisprogramme)willalsobeaddedtothesities.Inthesamecontext,thefundsforthepurchaseof(subscriptionsto)bibliographicfilesprogramme)willbewhollytransferredfrom2003totheSpecialResearchFundsattheuniver-tionalscientificcooperationwithprioritycountries(whichwereformerlyallocatedtothismanifesto,andthestreamliningandsimplificationoftheregulations,thefundsforinterna-BecauseofthereductioninsmallfundingchannelsforresearchannouncedinthegovernmentResearchobjectivehaspriority:tostrengthenthefundingforbasicresearchviatheFundforScientificresearchontheinitiativeoftheresearcher.Inordertoachievethis,thefollowingoperationalThecomprehensivestrategicobjectiveoftheprogrammeis:tostrengthengroundbreakingThebasiction,therearesomespecificitemsofexpenditure,becausethebudgetsareeitherdestinedforBasicallythisconcernstheFundforScientificResearch–Flanders(FWO-Flanders).InaddiProgramme71.2containscreditstofundandsubsidisebasicgroundbreakingresearch.researchorforaccompanyingmeasurestostrengthenthistypeofresearch.expenditurewasestimatedat86.344millionEUR.–Flanders–onthebasisofinteruniversitycompetition.grantsfortheuniversities,institutesofhighereducation,Vito,IMECandITG.itwaslogicaltocombinethesefundstogetherinoneprogramme.12.24Expenditureinthecontextofinternationalscientificcooperationcreditof1.274millionEURwasprovidedforthisBAin2003. ChapterIII.2–45

nelsoftheEUFrameworkProgrammeforResearchandDevelopment,theFlemishfundingchanprojectsacquiredbypromotersinthisprogramme,hasbeenabolished.InviewofthepurposesgroupsfortheirparticipationintheEuropeanFrameworkProgramme,orontheco-fundingofcialResearchFundonexploratoryinternationalcooperationprojectswhichprepareresearchInaddition,itshouldbementionedthattheobligationtospend3.5%ofthefundsoftheSpewithinstitutesfromthesecondgroupofcountriescanbepublishedatthebeginningof2003.cooperationwiththeCzechRepublicandRussia,sothatthecallforproposalsforcooperationTheMinisterofEducationandTraininghascalledfornegotiationsaboutthemodalitiesofthehaveationsontheproposalssubmittedbyChina,Hungary,RumaniaandSouthAfricarespectively,Meanwhilethefirstcallforproposalswiththenewmodalitieshasbeensentout,andthenegotiTraining.ishuniversities,ITG,IMEC,Vito,theAWIandthecabinetoftheMinisterofEducationandprioritypartners.AsupervisorycommitteewasestablishedwithrepresentativesfromtheFlemcontinuestoberesponsibleforthecoordinationofthecooperationandthecontactswiththeselection,fundingandexecutionoftheprojects;theScienceandInnovationAdministrationThechangesinthemodalitiesgivegreaterautonomytotheuniversitieswithregardtothecamepublishedin2003.Whentheprogrammeforbilateral,scientificandtechnologicalcooperationcallwasorganisedin2002.ForChile,Poland,RussiaandtheCzechRepublic,acallisbeinggroupsofcountries.China,Hungary,RomaniaandSouthAfricaformonegroup,forwhichaprioritycountries.Forthealternatingcallforproposalseverytwoyears,itworkswithtwoInthecontextofthebilateralscientificcooperation,theGovernmentofFlandersselectedeightTheinstitutes.representativesoftheFlemishuniversitiesandresearchinstitutesareattheexpenseoftheseFlemishscientificinstituteswhichwishtoparticipateinthis.ThecostsoftheparticipationofboththeScienceandInnovationAdministrationandtheuniversities,researchinstitutesandThediscussionswiththepartnercountriesareconductedbyaFlemishdelegation,consistingof4.Withthesefundstheuniversitiesandthethreeresearchinstitutesmustfundbilateral3.ExeptforfundsallocatedinadvancetoVito,IMECandITG,theavailablefundsforbilateral2.TheobligationthattwoFlemishinstitutesmustalwayscooperateinaprojectisabolished.1.AagementTheobjectivesoftheinitiativewereretained,buttheframeworkofregulationsandthemaninstitutes.uponmodalitieswillbedrawnupinanaddendumtothemanagementagreementswiththeseVito,IMECandITG,whichalsoreceiveanannualbudgetforthiscooperation,theagreed-weregreatlysimplified:callforproposalsisorganisedforeachpartnercountryeverytwoyears.However,thispossibilitycontinuestoexist.scientificcooperationareaddedtotheSpecialResearchFundsoftheuniversities,whileretainingtheirobjective.ThefundswhichareallocatedtoVito,IMECandITGareaddedtothegeneralsubsidyfortheseinstitutes.researchprojectswhicharecarriedoutwithforeigninstitutes,fromalistofcountriesdeterminedbytheGovernmentofFlanders.administrationisresponsibleforreportsandsubmitsthereportstotheinstitutes.toanend,theCzechRepublicandRussiawereaddedtothislist.beenconcluded,sothattheselectedprojectscanstartatthebeginningof2003.forbasicresearcharemoreappropriateforsupportingthesesortsofprojects. ChapterIII.2–46

UNESCO education)theactivitiesoftherespectiveFlemishadministrations(scienceandinnovation,foreignpolicy,UNESCOactivities.Atthesametime,anattemptismadetoachieveabettercoordinationofFlemishministry,attentionwillbedevotedtostrengtheningtheparticipationofFlandersinFollowingtheimplementationofthegovernment’sdecisionswithregardtothereformsofthemodified.clusions,theGovernmentofFlanderswilldecidewhethertheprojectshouldbeextendedorThisevaluationwillbeconcludedinthecourseofthenextfewmonths.OnthebasisoftheconCurrently,anevaluationofthisinitiativeisbeingcarriedoutincooperationwithUNESCO.TrustFlemishbudget.Theagreementcoversaperiodoffiveyears(1999-2003).Thefundsofthecountries.TheFlemishUNESCOTrustFundisfundedbyanannualcontributionfromthe1999,establishingaTrustFundforthepromotionofscientificactivitieswithUNESCOTheagreementbetweenUNESCOandtheGovernmentofFlanderswassignedattheendofFundcansupportthoseUNESCOactivitieswhichinvolveFlemishexpertise.andwithinstitutessuchastheVVOB,theVLIR,andtheVLHORA.

The Netherlands-Flanders Maritime Research Programme

ChapterIII.2–47

regionalextent:pollution,contagiousdiseases,terrorism,etc.Thereforetransdisciplinaryresearchandworldisnowconfrontedwithproblemswhichtranscendindividualcountriestoanimportantmoreautonomy,andarebecomingincreasinglyimportanteconomicplayers.Inaddition,thenationstateislosingsomeofitsrelevance.RegionsandurbanareasaredemandingmoreandtextofEuropeanintegration.Thesubjectisalsoverytopical:afterall,thenineteenth-centuryappropriateinviewoftheadministrativeexperienceofdefederalisationinBelgiuminthecononthesesubjects.Furthermore,thefactthatFlandershastakenonthisinitiativeisparticularlywithmanypossibilitiesinthatfield–andtheFlemishuniversitiesarealsocarryingoutresearchtiveislocatedatthecampusoftheEuropaCollegeinBruges.TheEuropaCollegeisaninstituteresearchandtrainingprogrammeforregionalintegrationstudiesin2001and2002.TheinitiaIn2001,theGovernmentofFlandersdecidedtofundthedevelopmentofaninternationalfromprogrammesinCaracas,OntarioandAmman.ThefundingisbasedonvoluntarycontributionscentresinMaastricht,Helsinki,Macau,AccraandLusaka,andassociateduniversityUniversityCouncil.ItsheadquartersandrectorshiparelocatedinTokyo.TherearealsoUNUtheUnitedNations.ItisanautonomousorganoftheGeneralAssembly,andismanagedbyaorganisationwhichplaysauniqueroleinthepromotionoftheaimsforpeaceandprogressinThesubsidyamountsto0.966millionEUR.TheUNUisaninternationalacademicIntegrationBA35.40SubsidyfortheUnitedNationsUniversity(UNU)inthecontextoftheRegionalfromThissubsidyof0.15millionEURisusedforpersonnel,operatingandequipmentcostsarisingBAestuary.(VLANEZO)hasselectedfourprojects,mainlyfocusingonstudiesofprocessesintheScheldtFlemish-DutchCommitteeforCoastalMarineResearchestablishedforthispurposecontributionof1.82millionEUR,thereisalsoaFlemishcontributionof0.99EUR.Theexecutionofcoastalmarineresearchoveraperiodoffiveyears.InadditiontotheDutchestablishedbetweenNWO-NetherlandsandFWO-Flanders.ItfocusesspecificallyonthejointInthecontextofFlemish-Dutchscientificcooperation,thisjointresearchprogrammewas32.42SubsidyfortheBorn-BungeFoundationinAntwerpresearchwithintheirfieldofaction:thefieldsofneuropathologyandneurochemistry.Studiesprogramme.memberstates,non-governmentalorganisationsandtheprivatesector.integrationstudiesareessentialforpolicy.

FlandersbetterinsightintothewayinwhichthefundsoftheFWO-experts.SeeChapterIV.1ofthisInformationGuideforaScientificCommissions,composedofFlemishandforeignTheselectionoftheproposalssubmittediscarriedoutbythe4.awarding3.thepromotionofscientificcontactsandcooperation,both2.subsidiesforresearchgroups,intheformofproject1.subsidiesaimsingresearchineveryfieldofscience.TheFWO-FlandersTheFWO-Flandersfocusesonthefundingofgroundbreakagreement.maximumpossiblecoherencewiththemanagementFlandersisbeingupdated,withtheaimofachievingtheFlandersof1996relatingtothesubsidyfortheFWO-Leiden.Atthesametime,thedecisionoftheGovernmentofGovernmentofFlandersandcarriedoutbytheCWTS-examinationoftheFWO-Flanderscommissionedbytheotherthings,therecommendationsofthequantitativemanagementagreementwilltakeintoaccount,amongstnewmanagementagreementfor2002-2007.Thenewagreementwasextendedbyninemonths,inanticipationofauniversities.Atthebeginningof2002,thismanagementoftheFWOFlanderstotheAcademicStaffoftheconnectionwiththetransferofthe“permanentresearchers”2001),whichwasfirstadaptedin2000.ThiswasinmanagementagreementwiththeFWO-Flanders(1997-competition.TheFlemishCommunityconcludedafundsforbasicresearchonthebasisofinteruniversityTheFWO-FlandersisthechannelfortheredistributionofBAperiodwhetherornottoconcludeamanagementagreementfortheoughevaluation,adecisioncouldbetakenattheendof2003mentwasextendedto2003,sothat,onthebasisofathoryearevaluationfortheyears2001-2002.Thesubsidyagreetheinitialstage,therewaslittlepointincarryingoutatwo-andtheEuropaCollege.AsUNU-CRISwasdelayedduring2002),concludedbetweentheFlemishCommunity,UNUUnderstanding”andtherelatedagreement(duration2001-tureofthefundsarecontainedinthe“MemorandumofThemodalitiesforqualitycontrolwithregardtotheexpendi2004-2008.41.03SubsidyfortheFWO-Flanderstoachievethisgoalbymeansof:forindividualresearchers;funding;nationallyandinternationally;scientificprizes.arespent. ChapterIII.2–48

For 2003, the subsidy allocated to the FWO-Flanders amounts to 83.582 million EUR. BA 41.04Subsidy for the Interuniversity College for Management TheFinally,privateknowledgeofmanagement,andtoimprovementsinmanagementpracticeinthepublicandorganisationandcoordinationofresearchwhichcancontributetothedevelopmentandmanagementeducation,andsimilarly,universityresearch.Inaddition,itsupportsthescientificandrelatedactivitieswhichcancontributetothedevelopmentandstrengtheningoftrainingofprofessorsandresearchersinthisdiscipline.OneoftheaimsistosupportalltheTheInteruniversityCollegeforManagementSciencesaimstopromoteandcompletetheSciencessector.itawardsandmanagesgrantsfordoctoratesinmanagementsciences.0.372millionEURforthisBAservestofunddoctoralgrants. ChapterIII.2–49

Chapter III.3 Scientific research with an economic focus ChapterIII.3 thisprocesstheinterfaceservicesplaytheroleofan“informationbroker”.TheymustdisplayintheuniversitiescanbevalorisedforthebenefitoftheFlemisheconomyasfaraspossible.Intechnologybetweentheuniversitiesandindustry,sothattheknowledgeandexpertisepresentThejointexecutionofresearchprojectsappearstobethemostdirectmethodforthetransferofInpreviousyears,theinterfaceservicesoftheuniversitieswerealreadyreceivingfinancialsupuniversities.The2003budgetprovides1.326millionEURtosupporttheinterfaceactivitiesoftheBAForcompanies”,ThecentralstartingpointoftheProgrammeis“greatertechnologicalinnovationinFlemishthefallundertheIWT-Flanders’ownoperatingfunds,aswellasnewmeasuresdecideduponbybyindividualresearchersanddoctoratestudents.Itconcernsbothactionprogrammeswhichfocus.Thissubsidyisforprojectsincompanies,researchinstitutesoruniversities,orcarriedoutsidymeasuresspecificallyaimedatstimulatingthegrowthofknowledgewithaneconomicThebudgetprogramme71.3,“Scientificresearchwithaneconomicfocus”,containsthesubGovernmentofFlanders.andthemostimportantobjectivesare:•tocreateconditionstoincreasetechnologicalinnovationincompanies;•tocreateconditionstoachievegreatercooperationbetweenresearchcentresandcompaniesandbetweencompaniesthemselves;•todevelopapolicyfocusingonSMEs;•tooptimalisethemeasuresinordertopromoteaclimateofinnovation;•tostrengthentheoperationoftheuniversityinterfaceservices.2003,thetotalexpenditureforProgramme71.3isestimatedat133.895millionEUR.40.05Subsidyforuniversityinterfaceservicesport.Thiswasthecaseuptothe2001-2002academicyear,onthebasisofrecurrentadhocdecisions.From1October2002,theadhocsupportwasreplacedbythemeasurecontainedintheregulationdefinitivelyapprovedbytheGovernmentofFlanderson13September2002.Withthismeasure,theuniversitieswereencouragedtostrengthentheirroleineconomicinnovationofFlanders.Inthissensetheyareexpected:•tousetheirknowledgeandexpertiseforthebenefitoftheFlemisheconomytothebestoftheirability;•todevelopauniversitycultureinwhichexcellenceineducationandresearchislinkedtoinnovativeenterprisewhereverpossible. ChapterIII.3–50

initiativeBA99.12provides88.873millionEURofallocationauthorisationfundsforprojectsonthetechnologicalBA99.11provides25.058millionEURofallocationauthorisationfundsforactionsrelatedtoBAsagement,IWT-Flandersisresponsibleformonitoringthismeasure.Thisinvolvesboththefinancialmanensureisnotfoundimmediately,theestablishmentofaspin-offcompanyisoftenthebestwaytotrainingwithregardtointellectualownershipintheirownuniversities.Ifanindustrialpartnerments,theyalsotakeinitiativeswithregardtoprovidinginformation,awarenessraisingandinterfaceservices.InadditiontotheresponsibilityforpatentmanagementandlicensingagreeThemanagementofintellectualpropertyisthereforealsoanimportantareaofresultsforthefromremainsunused;itisalsoawayofavoidingtheinformationfrombeinglegallyunprotected,orismaximised.Thismeansthataslittleaspossibleknowledgewhichcanbecommercialisedappropriatemethodfordoingthis,sothattheeconomicvalorisationoftheuniversityresearchOrganisingthepermanentscreeningandexaminationoftheprojectresultsachievedistheTheinterfaceservicesareexpectedtotraceresultswhichcanbevalorisedinaproactiveway.panies,sitywishestoapproach.Theywillalsoexaminethespecifictechnologicalrequirementsofcomtheyserveasaneasilyaccessiblewindowor“businesscounter”foreverycompanytheuniverandcorrectlyassesstheirpotential.Theinterfaceservicesshouldbeorganisedinsuchawaythattheavailableknowledgeandexpertiseinsuchawaythat(largeandsmall)companiescaneasilyandifnecessary,carryoutmarketresearchforthispurposethemselves.beingused/duplicatedbythirdpartiesastheyplease.economicvalorisationforalimitedproportionofinventions.andmonitoringthecontentofpolicyplansandreports.99.11and99.12innovation,fundedontheinitiativeoftheGovernmentofFlanders;ofcompaniesandinnovationbycooperativeventures 1.Creating the conditions to increase technological innovation in companies i)The reform of the IWT-Flanders lowestingtherightbalancebetweenthemaximumefficientexpenditureofgovernmentfundsandthefromtheGovernmentofFlanders’policytosimplifytheadministrationasfaraspossible.Findconstantguidingprinciplesareinnovationandcontinuity.Infact,thisdoesnothavetodetractnologicalresearchinindustry(onthebasisoftheInnovationDecreeof18May1999).TheFortheGovernmentofFlanders,theIWT-Flandersistheexclusivefundingchannelfortechpossibleadministrativecostsisapermanentchallenge. ii)Subsidies for research and development projects of Flemish companies which,forexample,halvestheadministrativeactivitiesoftherecipientcompanies.Thefinalcostscompletely.Themonitoringprocessduringtheexecutionoftheprojectwassimplified,sonnelcostsinthebudget.Inpractice,thishasreplacedthedetailedcalculationoftheoperatingaswellasthepossibilityofincludingthenon-personnelcostsasafixedpercentageoftheperingthattheacceptablepersonnelcostswereincreasedtotherealanddirectcostsofpersonnel,whichcouldbesubsidisedandanumberofadministrativesimplifications.Itisworthmentiononlyresultedinimportantmodifications,butalsoformedthebasisforexpandingthecostsThisfundingdecisiononregulations,basedontheInnovationDecreeof19May1999,notresearchanddevelopment”)wasapprovedbytheGovernmentofFlanderson5October2001.ThenewR&Ddecision(fulltitle:the“Fundingdecisionforsubsidiestoprojectsinindustrial ChapterIII.3–51

way.subsidy).Theaimistosupportthegrowthofcompanieswithastrongneedforcapitalinthisretroactiveloan,sothatupto80%oftheprojectcostscanbefunded(cumulativelywiththeInmid-2002thesystemofretroactiveloanswasalsoexamined.ThisallowsSMEstoreceiveaextendingcorrespondstothepolicyobjectives:theone-stopprincipleandthehorizontalcharacterofdevelopmentand75%forbasicresearch.ThisintegrationofthedifferentsubsidyregulationswiththeEuropeanrules,thetotalsubsidywillofcourseremainlimitedto50%forprototypetheobjectiveareasinLimburg–in2003,itistheturnofEastandWestFlanders.Inaccordancecompanieslocatedinparticularobjectiveareas.In2002,agreementsweremadeaboutthiswithsultationwiththemanagersoftheEFROsubsidy,itispossibletoallocateanincreaseof15%tothepolicymemorandum,“2003ScienceandTechnologyInnovationPolicy”.Finally,inconectsaimedatsustainabledevelopment.Thedetailsofthesesubsidymeasuresaredescribedinadditional10%forinnovationprojectsinairandspacetravelandanadditional10%forproj10%forSMEsand10%forcooperationintheEUREKAcontextweresupplementedwithanand50%forindustrialbasicresearch.Theexistingincreasesinthesubsidypercentagewithwhichthebasicsubsidyisincreasedby25%oftheacceptedcostsforprototypedevelopment,Onthebasisofthenewregulation,anumberofspecificsubsidyregimeshavebeendrawnupintrol)controlwasalsomodifiedtoplacegreaterweightoncontrollingthecontent(performanceconandsimplifyingthecontrolsonexpenditure.subsidies. iii)Sustainable development isIntheautumnof2002,thisregulationwasbroadlycommunicatedandpublicised–theprojectavailabledancewithaspecificmethodologydevelopedincooperationwiththeVito.Informationisof2002,theprojectsaimedatsustainabletechnologicaldevelopmentwereevaluatedinaccoranyspecificincentives.Thispercentageshouldgraduallyincreasefrom2003.Fromthemiddle20%oftheprojectswerealreadyfocusedonsustainabletechnologicaldevelopmentwithoutAformeranalysisoftheIWTportfoliorevealedthat,dependingonthesubsidyregulation,15-ativecallsforproposals(includingGenericBasicResearch,HOBUandFlemishInnovationCoopernewregulationisalsohorizontallyintegratedintherelevantsubsidymechanismsforthenewaimedatsustainabledevelopmentwithinthevarioussubsidyprogrammesoftheIWT.Thehighersubsidyandselectionopportunitiesandapossiblesubsidybonusforindustrialprojectsfieldsorsectorswithvaryingandcomplexmodalities(e.g.,VLIM,VLIET,etc.).ItaimsforThisregulationreplacesthepracticecurrentinthepastofimpulseprogrammesforspecificproduct.rawmaterialsandenergysources,andfinally,anincreaseinrecycling,re-useandthelifeoftheenergysavings,reductionofemissions,wasteorenvironmentalnuisance,theuseofrenewablemoreobjectivesmustbeadequatelyrepresentedinthevalorisation:savingsonrawmaterials,whichcontributetosustainabledevelopment(inanecologicalsense).Fortheseprojectsoneorishgovernmentmanifesto,asubsidymeasurehasbeenintroducedforinnovationprojectsSincethedecisionoftheGovernmentofFlandersof3May2002,andinexecutionoftheFlem-Ventures),andfallsunderthebudgetaryfundsfortheprogrammesmanagedbyIWT.ontheIWTwebsite.expectedtoreachcruisingspeedfrom2003. ChapterIII.3–52

clearthatthesetwoobjectiveswerealsoachieved.Virtuallyallthecompaniesthatweresurtivethresholdforentry,aswellastherapidandflexibleprocessingoftheirapplication.ItisWhentheSMEprogrammewasintroduced,thecompanieswereguaranteedalowadministrafinancialOn31August2002,215projectproposalshadalreadybeenhonoured,representingatotalstrengthenproposalssubmittedby293individualSMEs.Itisclearthatitcontinuestobeessentialtotialforfurthergrowth.Recentfigures(31August2002)confirmthisconclusion:387projectanalysiswhichwascompletedon16March2002concludedthatthereisstillsufficientpotennumberofSMEapplicantsconcerned(196,comparedto106inthepast).Furthermore,theprojectproposals(253,comparedtoapreviousaverageof111onanannualbasis)andthementoftheplannedtwofoldincreaseofthescope.ThisisdemonstratedbothbythenumberofOneofthemostimportantresultstoemergefromtheevaluationconcernstheactualachieveetc.andinterviewswithallthepartiesinvolved:SMEs,intermediaries,researchcentres,assessors,operationoftheprogrammeinadetailedanalysis.ThiswasaccompaniedbyintensivesurveysSMEswasdueforathoroughinterimevaluation.IWT-FlandersexaminedthefirstyearofTheSMEprogrammesetupbytheIWT-Flandersin2001tostimulateinnovationinFlemishandexpandtheactionsalreadytakenbytheIWTwithregardtopublication.governmentsubsidyof10.9millionEUR.

ChapterIII.3–53

2.Creatingconditionstoachievegreatercooperationbetweenresearchcentresandindustryandbetweencompaniesthemselvesinresearchanddevelopmentactivities i)The aviation and space travel sector willTheFlemishsubsidywillbebasedonthenewR&Dfundingdecision.ThescopeofapplicationthetheFlemishlevelforbothsectors,onthebasisoftheresults.ThiswasalsototakeintoaccountandFlemishcontext.In2001,theIWTwascommissionedtodrawupasubsidyregulationatvationsubsidiesfortheaviationandspacetravelsectorsinaninternational,European,federalspacetravelsectors,athoroughstudyhadbeencompletedin2000ontheissuesrelatedtoinnoInordertoexpandafuture-orientedpolicyoptionforinnovationsubsidiesinaviationandProgrammeandforthepreparationofthecooperationagreementfortheA-380Programme.TheIWTwasmaderesponsiblefortheimplementationofthesubsidyfortheA-340Airbusengineering.supportcompaniesin2001withregardtotheprocessofqualificationsincivilaeronauticalTheFlemishAviationActionProgramme,whichbecameoperationalin1999,continuedtoThetotalamountofsubsidiesin2001was1.3millionEUR.specificneedsintheinternationalcontextinwhichtheyhavetooperate.beextendedforthispurposetotwotypesofinnovationprocesses:•Projectswhicharerelatedtothe“qualificationprocess”:thiscanconcerneithertraditionalR&Dprojectsorprojectswhichrequireaneffortintermsoftheadaptationofavailabletech-nologicalexpertisetothespecificneedsandrequirementsoftheaviationandspacetravelsector.Theseprojectsareeligibleforasubsidybonusof10%;•Projectswhicharerelatedtothe“launchingprocess”ofnewtypesofaeroplane.Itwasdecidedtooptforsubsidies(25%)insteadofthetraditionalNRCpre-financing. 3.The development of a policy focusing on less innovative companies i)The SME programme

•

collectiveresearch: groupand/orsocialandecologicalvalue,andtheymustbevalorisedforthebroadestpossibleofabroadrangeofbusinesses.Theresultsshouldleadtodemonstrableaddedeconomictranslationoftechnologicalinformationforuseful,innovativeapplications–forthebenefitresearchandstudieswhichfocusontheacquisition,collectionandofindustriesintheEuropeanUnion–andinFlandersinparticular;

supportguidesadaptedforSMEs(dated1July2002).Inthisway,anattemptwasmadetocontinuetototheinternalprocessingoffiles.Asaresult,anumberofimprovementsweremade–includingnumberofobstaclesforstart-upbusinesses,andtherewasroomforimprovementwithregardtres)didnotimmediatelyhavetheexpectedlevelofattraction,theprogrammedidrevealaSMEinnovationstudies(projectsinvolvingthoroughtechnologicaladvicebyrecognisedcentherewerestillanumberofelementswhichneededtobeimproved.Forexample,theType1Nevertheless,followingtheevaluationthatwascarriedout,theIWT-Flandersconsideredthatevaluationveyedexpressedtheirpositiveappreciationoftheadministrativesimplificationsandacceleratedprocedures.thecurrentsuccessoftheSMEprogramme. ii)Transfer of knowledge for less innovative companies, in particular the SME inThefundsalreadyprovidedfortheHOBUfundwhichhadbeenreduced,willbesupplementednies.ingeneralandSMEsinparticular.Itwillbeestablishedinresponsetolessinnovativecompa-highereducationanduniversities–withtheassociationsasaframeofreference–tocompaniesTheHOBUfundisturnedintoaninstrumentforthetransferofknowledgefrominstitutesofceptactivities,originallyfundedbytheHOBUfund,aresupportedandstructured.Theentirecontionanduniversitiesisstreamlinedintheassociations.Thismeansthatanumberofresearcheducationwhichfocusonproject-relatedresearch.Theresearchatinstitutesofhighereducalor/Master’s)providedfundsfromthebudgetforsinglecyclecoursesatinstitutesofhigherAsindicatedabove,thedraftstructuraldecreeonhighereducation(BAMADecreeorBacheofthisfundthereforeneedstobereviewed.Adecisionontheregulationisbeingdrawnupforthisin2003.2003inthecontextofthebudgetcontrol. 4.Optimalising the funds to stimulate a climate of innovation Flemish Innovation Cooperative ventures mation:subsidisethreeessentialmediatingprocessesbetweentheprovidersandthereceiversofinforcalledclusterventures,hasbeenabandoned.InthecontextoftheVISdecision,itispossibletorespectthestructuralfundingoforganisations,aswasthecase,forexample,forcertainso-nolongertakesplaceonanadhocbasis,butinaccordancewithclearlydefinedrules.Inthistures.ThemostimportantchangeinpolicycausedbythisisthatthefundingoftheseventuresTheVISdecisionprovidesthelegalbasisforthesubsidiesfortheInnovationCooperativeVentechnologicalintermediarieswhoalreadyactivelyencouragetechnologicalinnovationinindustry,intheThisimportantinstrumentforIWT-FlandersmakesitpossibletomakethebestuseofthetionalwiththeapprovaloftheVISdecision(24May2002)oftheGovernmentofFlanders.ThefundingdecisiononFlemishInnovationCooperativeVenturesbecamecompletelyoperainnovationpolicy.•

providingtechnologicaladvice: Thistakesplacewithfront-lineadviceandreferralstoothercompetentinformationcentres;nessestosolvetechnologicalproblemsforthepurposeofproductandprocessinnovation.arangeofactivitieswhichareaimedatsupportingbusi

ChapterIII.3–54

• encouragingtechnologicalinnovation: Thesethreeactivitiesarecollectedtogetherinfourprojecttypeswhichapplicantscansubmit:obtainpriate,theycanbeassistedwiththeapplicationitself,andwiththerestoftheprocess,toinnovation,andsupporttheminthiswithfront-linecareandfurtherreferrals.Whereappronessofbusinesses–inparticular,SMEs–withregardtotheimportanceoftechnologicalarangeofactivitieswhichshouldraisetheawaregovernmentsubsidiesfortechnologicalinnovation.• projectsforcollectiveresearch: thestudymustbeimportantforthewholerangeofbusinessesforwhichitwassetup.Asubsubjects–fromstrategicbasicresearchtotranslationresearch.Oneessentialcriterionisthatwheretheobjectoftheresearchprocessisabroadspectrumofscientificandtechnologicalthecoreisformedbyactivitiesforcollectiveresearch,sidypercentageof50%oftheacceptablecostswillbeprovided; • projectsfortechnologicalservices: 80%ofthebusinesscarryingouttheprojectisthereforeveryimportant.Asubsidypercentageofwhicharesubsidisedhereareparticularlytechnologicallyoriented.Thetechnologicalprofilecolleagues)tointroducecertaininnovativeaspectsoftechnologyinindustry.Theservicestherequestofcompaniesthemselves,andtheimplementationofinitiatives(preferablywithcomprisesboththeprovisionoftechnologicaladviceatoftheacceptablecostswillbeprovided; • projectsforstimulatinginnovationinrelationtoparticularissues: linkedbyacommontechnologicaltheme.Theaimistopromotenetworkingandthesynactivitiesrelatedtostimulatinginnovation,focusingonagroupofbusinesseswhicharetheseareaimedatergybetweenthesebusinessesthemselves.Thebusinesscarryingouttheprojectmustknowthegroupofbusinessesconcernedthoroughly,andhavetheirtrust.Asubsidypercentageof80%oftheacceptablecostswillbeprovided; • projectsforstimulatingsubregionalinnovation: AsaresultoftherestructuringofthesupportforintermediariesattheFlemishlevel,thecoopFlemishItwasexpectedthatattheendof2002,about100innovationadvisorswouldbeassistingthepublicationofthecall,specialattentionwasdevotedtoapproachingnewparticipants,sothatservices”,“Stimulatinginnovationrelatedtoparticularissues”and“Collectiveresearch”.IntheInthecourseof2002,newcallsforproposalswereissuedfortheprogrammes“TechnologicalTheselectionselectionoftheseprojectproposalswasconcludedatthebeginningof2002andresultedintheThefirstcallsforproposalsinthesefoursub-programmeswereissuedattheendof2001.Thepercentagecangowiththeirquestionsrelatedtotheeconomy,employmentandinnovation.Asubsidyparticulartheorganisationofarecognisableofficeattheprovinciallevel,wherecompaniesstillhavetobedefinedinconcreteform:thelinkwiththeinitiativesofeconomicpolicy,intionservices),whichmustbeorganisedinanefficientandindependentway.Someaspectsrelatingtoinnovation.Oneessentialaspectisthelinktothesecondline(specialisedinforma-innovation,focusingonallthebusinessesinaparticulararea.Theyareofferedfront-linecaretheseareaimedatactivitiestostimulateof80%oftheacceptablecostswillalsobeprovidedforthis.of:•14projectsforstimulatinginnovationrelatedtoparticularissues;•7projectsforstimulatingsubregionalinnovation(27innovationadvisors,4-5innovationsupervisors(inFTE)perprovince);•23projectsfortechnologicalservices(completenetworkofapproximately50full-timeadvisors);•21projectsforcollectiveresearch(50projectscurrentlybeingexecuted).projectslasttwoyears.broadestpossiblerangeofindustrycanactuallyusethesupportthatisprovided.companiesaspartoftheVISprogramme.erationagreementonfundingcollectivecentreswillalsohavetobegivenanewcontent.Thisagreementbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthethreeregions(5May1995)arrangedthe ChapterIII.3–55

ChapterIII.3–56

ChaintheUniversityofAntwerp,representativesoftheFlemishlogisticssectorandexpertsinSupplyaroseinathinktankwhichdevelopedasaresultofcontactsbetweentheTransportFacultyofTheinitiativeforaFlemishHouseofLogisticsdevelopedonthebasisofthisneed.Theideaandidlychanginglogisticsmarket.Thereisanurgentneedforprofessionalsupportforthissector,ThelogisticssectorinFlandershasanimportantroletoplayintheworldwide,globalandrapFlandersmustbemademoreattractivefornew(global)logisticsserviceproviders.Management(SCM)andLogistics.

infrastructureishInnovationNetwork,andthedevelopmentoftherequiredcoordinationstructuresandfunds,theemphasisisontheintegrationofthedifferentadvisorsinasingle,coordinatedFlemApartfromtheselectionandadministrativemonitoringoftheprojects,andthespendingofectsNewmodalitieswithregardtocooperationwillhavetobedrawnupfordealingwiththeprojcollectiveresearchcentres.ThisagreementwasterminatedbytheFlemishRegionin2001.co-fundingofprojectsforcollectiveresearchandtechnologicalservicesontheinitiativeoftheprocessedin2002.Negotiationswithotherregionshavestartedforthispurpose.tosupportthisnetwork. 5. The bridge between technological innovation and the Flemish economy MinisterprojectssupportedbyMinisterJaakGabriels(competentforeconomics),supportedbythetainpoints.AbridgebetweeneconomicandtechnologicalinnovationisbuiltbyanumberofObviouslytheeconomicpolicyandthetechnologicalinnovationpolicycometogetheratceroftheScienceandTechnologyInnovationpolicy,DirkVanMechelen. i)The vehicle sector companies,Theintentionistostimulateparticularlytheprocess-orienteddevelopmentswithinFlemishassemblyplantswerealsothoroughlybriefedindividuallyonthesubsidymeasuresforR&D.FollowingthebroaderbasedactionsoftheGovernmentofFlandersforthecarsector,the2002.companiesandresearchinstitutes.Theoperationshouldbeatcruisingspeedbytheendofprojectsstarted,investigatingaspecificissueimportantforthevehiclesector,togetherwithsixmonthsshowsthattheplatformapproachwasfirmlyestablished.Inaddition,twoclusterThenot-for-profitFlanders’DRIVEhasbeenactivesince2002.Theanalysisfollowingthefirst2003.Accordingtotheschedule,engineeringanddesignsupportforsuppliersisalreadyplannedforallocatedearlier,thismeantitwaspossiblefortheprocessofconstructiontoactuallystart.sidyfromLimburginMay2002.TogetherwiththesubsidyoftheGovernmentofFlanders,TheVETCreceivedthefinalconfirmationofanEFROsubsidyandaconvention-basedsub-providesmaterialinfrastructureforintegrateddesigns,andthenot-for-profitFlanders’DRIVE,whichishEngineeringandTestingCentre(VETC),whichprovidesthemathematicalcapacityanddevelopingonthebasisoftwoindividual,integratedinitiatives:theestablishmentoftheFlem-lishingaknowledgecentreinZolder,whichsupportsthesupplierstothevehiclesector.ItisTheproject,“Flanders’DRIVE”starteddefinitivelyattheendof2001.Thisisaimedatestab-asupportstructureforresearchandthedisseminationofknowledge.Theactualtestlabwillbecomeoperationalin2004.throughtheexistingsubsidychannels.

ii)The Flemish House of (VHL)

Logistics

ChainManagementandlogisticalexcellencebygatheringknowledge,innovationandthetransTheVHLmustsupportthelogisticssectorinFlandersinitsattempttoachievefullSupplyobjectivescoordinatealltheaspectsrelatedtothelogisticssectorinFlanders,andthemostimportantGovernmentofFlanders.ThemaintaskofthisFlemishHouseofLogisticsistorestructureandimportantparties:thecompaniesintheFlemishlogisticssector,theresearchcentres,andtheTheFlemishHouseofLogisticsisanumbrellaplatformwhichcomprisesthethreemostare:•toimprovetheperformanceandcompetitivenatureofcompaniesintheFlemishlogisticssectoronapermanentbasis;•topromotetheimageofFlanders,bothinBelgiumandabroad,inastructuredway;•todevelopFlandersasa“GatewaytoEurope”.ferofknowledge.Supportingthesectorwiththeuseofinnovativemethodologiesandtechnologiesisanessentialpartofthistask.On4March2002,thepartieswhotooktheinitiativefortheVHLwereassignedthetaskofpreparingforthedefinitiveestablishmentofthisFlemishHouseofLogisticsoveraperiodofsixmonths.Theofficialstructureofthefuturenot-for-profitcompanywasestablished,andthemanagementagreementwiththeGovernmentofFlanderswasprepared(forfiveyears)andabusinessplanwasdrawnup.ThefirstreportdescribingtheactivitiesoftheVHLandtherelatedresults,includingthebusi-nessplan,wassubmittedtotheGovernmentofFlandersattheendofJuly2002.ThisassignedIWT-Flanderstocarryoutthetechnicalexaminationoftheproposalasawhole,withtheaimofidentifyingallthepointsforattentionwhichmightrequiremonitoring.TheGovernmentofFlanderstookthedefinitivedecisiontoestablishtheVHLintheautumnof2002,sothattheFlemishHouseofLogisticswillsoonbeabletoofferitsfullrangeofservicestoFlemishindus-try. iii)The geo-information incubation centre thedifferentareasofapplicationweredefined.ThefuturelinesofvalorisationfortheincubaandEuropeancontext.Thefocuswasfirstontechnologicalbackgroundknowledge,andthenInapreliminarystudy,thevariouspartiesinFlanderswerethoroughlyexaminedinafederalIncubationAninitiativeinthisfieldwasdefinedinOctober2000;thisresultedinaproposaltoestablishanVito,economicsector,withincreasinglybroadapplications.TheFlemishuniversities,aswellastheTheprocessingofimagesfromdatareceived,e.g.,fromsatellites,isanincreasinglyimportanthavebuiltupanimportantbodyofexpertisewithregardtoteledetection.CentreforGeographicalInformationProcessing,withtheaimof:•GatheringtogethertheavailableexpertiseandstimulatingnetworkingwithallthepartiesinvolvedinFlanders.•Stimulatingtechnologyandproductdevelopmentinprojectswithresearchinstitutes,companiesandgovernmentdepartments,andthecommercialisationoftheresultinginnovativeproductsandservices.•Supportinggovernmentdepartmentswithregardtotheuseofup-to-dategeographicalinformationfortakingandimplementingpolicydecisions.Specialisedinstrumentsareavailableforprocessinginformation,makingthebestpossibleuseofexistingandnewdatasources.tioncentrewerebasedonthis.Inthiswayaclearvisionandcontextweredefined,whichshouldallowthisinitiativetoprovidethegreatestpossibleaddedvalueforFlanders. ChapterIII.3–57

funding.Finally,therewasaproposalforthestructureandframeworkoftheinitiative,includingitsorderfromgeographicaldatasignificantlyexceedsthepotentialofthevariouspartners.ThereforeinrangeofinstrumentsforimportantareasofapplicationinvolvingthegatheringofinformationHowever,gatheringtogetherthishighlytechnologicalexpertiseanddevelopingagenerictosucceed,theinitiativewillrequireanappropriateframework.TheGovernmentofFlandersmustdecideonthemodalitiesofprovidingasubsidy. iv)Mechatronics information network Theinitiativewaslaunchedbythecompaniesthemselves,withoutagovernmentsubsidy,durotherofficiallyestablishedinDecember2001.Inthecontextofthisnot-for-profitcompany,threemechatronicaspectsofthedigitalfabric.Finally,thenot-for-profitFlanders’Mechatronicswassystem:sensorsandmicrosystems,super-performanceinmodularmachinesandthespecialistswiththatoftopEuropeanspecialists.Theprioritiesweredeterminedbyascoringsixworkshopstobuildupknowledgeaboutmechatronics,comparingthevisionofcompanystudyforanengineeringcentrewasalsocarriedout,andaworkingprogrammewassetupwithexplored(bymeansofanintensivepersonalsurveyoftopmanagersinthesector).Afeasibilityneighbouringcountries.In2001,thedemandsforfuturetechnologicalchallengeswereacquisitionofinformationinmechatronicsinFlanders,sothatitwouldbeabletokeepupwithfirstcooperativeprojectsstartedup.ThediscussionsrevealedacleardemandforastrongerFollowingthepreparatoryexploration,thefieldsfordirectcooperationwereidentifiedandtheOff-Highway,Gilbos,LVDandPicanol),whichserveastheenginefortheclusterapproach.theestablishmentofacoregroupofseveraltopcompanies(BekaertEngineering,DanaSpicertoestablishcooperativeventuresinstrategicfields.Astartwasmadeinthemiddleof2000withandEuropeanregions.Attherequestofthemembercompanies,thissectortooktheinitiativemechatronics.TheFlemishmechanicsandmechatronicssectorisclearlybehindothersectorscooperativeventureswithgreataddedvalue,andtheneedforacquiringagreaterknowledgeofofitsmembers’strategies.Thisrevealedtwoprioritieswithregardtofuturedevelopment:Atthebeginningof2000,Agoria’ssector,“Mechanicsandmechatronics”,carriedoutastudystructureswillbesetup:•the“MechatronicsEngineeringCenterCV”,whichgatherstogethermeasurementtechniquesandtestingequipmentformechatronicscompaniesandisfundedbyabouttencompanies;•the“FlandersMechatronicsInnovationCenter”,whichservesastheplatformfortheestablishmentandmaintenanceofinnovationnetworkingbetweencompanies,includingawarenessraisingandthedemonstrationofinnovativemechatronicstechnology,aspartofthenot-for-profitFlanders’Mechantronics,andwiththeinputoftheWTCM;•the“FlandersMechantronicsTechnologyCenter”,whichcarriesoutlong-termresearchonthethreeprioritysubjectsasaseparatenot-for-profitcompany.Forspecialistmechatronicsexpertise,itmakesuseoftheexistingPMAdepartmentoftheCatholicUniversityofLeuven.ingtheperiod2000-2002.Theyarenowapplyingforasubstantialcontributionforthecontinueddevelopment.Followingthisstartingperiod,the“TechnologyCentre”willconsistofapermanentteamof18researchersandarotatingteamof12researcherssecondedfromcompaniesandresearchcentres,dependingonthespecificprojectrequirements.AprojectproposalisevaluatedbytheIWT-Flanders.SubsequentlytheGovernmentofFlanderscantakeadefinitivedecisiononthebasisofaconcreteproposal.ThisinitiativewillcontributetothedevelopmentofacompetitiveadvantageofthatpartoftheFlemishindustrywhichcanonlycontinuetoexcelattheworldlevelonthebasisoftechnologicalinnovation. ChapterIII.3–58

99.13.fundsisprovidedforinnovativemediaprojectsinBAAsumof7.982millionEURofallocatedauthorisation i)e-vrt-asp platform orseveralevaluationsatdifferenttimes(givinga“goahead”years,variousaspectscanthenbemonitoredonthebasisofandrequiresalargeamountofinvestment.InthenewfewThedevelopmentofe-VRTinvolvesmoderntechnologiestionandtheprojectfortheestablishmentofanASP(Applicaprogramme“MPEG”fortheFlemishaudio-visualsector,project,“DigitalHomePlatform”(DTP),theresearchmediaforFlanders.Inparticular,thisconcernsthetrialseminationandmonitoringofnewactivitiesrelatedtotheVRT,whichfocusesontheorganisation,supervision,disE-VRTistheresearchanddevelopmentforumoftheundercastingcompanyisgivenanumberoftaskswhichfalltent.Inthelightoftheserequirements,thepublicbroad-technologicallyup-to-dateplatformwithajustifiedcon-newmediaproducts.Ontheotherhand,itmustprovideamediaservices,theVRTwillalsohavetoinvestitselfinToprotecttheFlemishculturalidentityinthefieldofnewMemorandum.cretepolicyobjectivesputforwardintheMediaPolicytheVRTisactivelyinvolvedintheachievementofthecon-provisionandcirculationofinformation.Thismeansthatchanceofaccesstoandparticipationinthebestpossibleapplications,sothateverylevelofsocietyhasitsrightfulandprovideviewersandlistenerswiththelatestmediamustcloselymonitorthedevelopmentsinthenewmediainformationsocietyaseffectivelyaspossible.TheVRTtantroletoplaytoensurethatFlandersrespondstotheVRTandtheFlemishCommunity,theVRThasanimporAccordingtothemanagementagreementbetweenthemediabyprovidingatechnologicallyup-to-date,highqualityvices,bothwithinvestmentsinnewmediaproducts,andwillplayaleadingroleinthefieldofthenewmediaserThenewmanagementagreementdeterminesthattheVRTplatforminFlanders.theheading,“e-VRT”.ServiceProvider)fortheFlemishaudio-visualsector.“nogo”decision). vider)ii)TheestablishmentofanASP(ApplicationServicePro ware-basedservices(abookkeepingpackage,asubtitlingwiththeASPmodel.ThisimpliestheprovisionofsoftplatformfortheFlemishaudio-visualsector,inaccordanceWiththisproject,theVRTwilldevelopasoftwareservices ChapterIII.3–59

FTEsonnelrequirements.ThestatutoryteamofpersonneloftheIWTcancompriseabout108.5theinnovationdecree,thefundswillbemodifiedaccordingly,dependingontheneedsandperoftheInstitutes’currentmissionandtasks.ForthefurtherexpansionofitstasksonthebasisofThegrantcomprisesthenecessaryfundstoensuretherequiredcontinuityinpolicyonthebasisFinally,Flemishinternationalinterest,themediatorcouldpossiblyalsoactinabroadercapacitythanmerelyforplayersmoreeasilytoparticipateindevelopingthisbusinessmodel.Inviewofthegrowingmediatorshouldsoonbetakenupbya“neutral”party,whichcanconvincetheothermediasuccessfullydevelopedifothersarealsopreparedtofollowit.Inthisrespect,theroleofthestandardisedservicetoasectorofindustryforperiodicpayments.ThisASPmodelcanonlybeofthenecessaryinfrastructureandsoftwareapplications,andinthiswayprovidesamoreorlessistrationcontractandviaanetwork.TheASPisresponsibleforthepurchaseandmaintenanceapplication,ane-mailapplicationetc.),whichclientcompaniesuseonthebasisofaremoteregplayers.10.656millionEURisallocatedtoBA41.03fortheoperationoftheIWT-Flandersfromtheendof2002(+15%,comparedwiththeendof2000).

ChapterIII.3–60

Chapter III.4 Strategic and policy-oriented research ChapterIII.4 groupscouldsubmitprojectsforstrategictechnologicalresearchofwhichtheresultsintheselectedissueswasabandoned.InthecontextoftheGBOUprogramme,Flemishresearchtime,theprinciplethatsocially-orientedproposalscouldonlybesubmittedonpreviouslytechnologyprojectswouldinfutureallbeconsideredinthesameprojectform.AtthesameResearchattheUniversities).Thereformmeantthatsociallyandeconomically-orientedSTWWwasthoroughlyreformedin2000andthenamechangedtoGBOU(GenericBasic1999bytheSTWWprogramme(StrategicTechnologiesforWelfareandProsperity).TheStrategictechnologicalresearchwithasocialandeconomicfocuswassupportedin1998andBAResearcharecontinued,andthereforethe2003budgetallocatesfundsof0.048millionEUR.evaluation.ThecurrentprojectsinthecontextoftheexistingprogrammeofPolicy-Orientedconsidercriticalfortheirpolicyandforthelong-termsupportofpolicypreparationanddevelopingalimitednumberofsupportcentresfortopicswhichthecompetentministersofshort-termresearchprojectsonawholerangeofsubjects.ThenewapproachwasaimedatprogrammeofPolicy-OrientedResearch.AcentralelementinthiswasterminatingthefundingOn8June2000,theGovernmentofFlandersapprovedtheprinciplesofthereformoftheBABA4.To3.To2.To1.TocontinuestrengtheningtheFlemishtechnologicalpotentialintheFlemishresearchTo2.To1.Toreinforcestrategicbasicresearch,whichgeneratesknowledgeforindustry,thenon-profitTheThementsprogramme.ThereforethisconcernsbudgetsforinitiativeswhichsupportinnovativedevelopFundsforstrategicbasicresearchorresearchrelevanttopolicyareallocatedinthisbudgetinindustryorinsociety.expenditureforthiswasestimatedat156.577millionEUR.budgetprogrammehasthefollowingstrategicobjectives:sectorandgovernment.strengthenresearchthatisrelevanttopolicy.achievethese,thefollowingoperationalobjectivesareputforward:institutes.continuethedevelopmentofstrategicbasicresearch.developtheinstitutesofhighereducationasfullpartnersininnovation.developanewframeworkforresearchthatisrelevanttopolicy.12.29Policy-orientedResearch12.29wastransferredfromprogramme71.1to71.4in2001.12.30Genericbasicresearch ChapterIII.4–61

tiesforthiscallforproposals,asignificantincreaseincomparisonwithpreviousyears.ThemodalidecideontheapprovalsbyMarch2003.Anenvelopeisprovidedinthebudgetof10,540EURpleteprojectproposalsseton31October.ItisexpectedthattheGovernmentofFlanderswillwaslaunchedbytheIWTFlanderson13August2002withafinaldateforsubmittingcomresearchin2003andtheselectionprocedurefortheprojectproposals.ThiscallforproposalsOn19July2002,theGovernmentofFlandersapprovedthecallforproposalsforagriculturalenceresearchwasentrustedtoIWTFlanders,theInstituteforthePromotionofInnovationbyScioftheagencyforbasicresearch,themanagementandmonitoringofcontractualagriculturalInanticipationofthereorganisationoftheGovernmentofFlandersandtheoperationalisationextendwouldbemaintainedatthesamelevelasinpreviousyears.Ofthis,6,372,000EURisusedtowasmadefor9,265,000EURofauthorisedfundstoensurethatthestandardoftheresearch2002projectswhichweresubmittedtothefederalgovernmentattheendof2001.ArequestOn17May2002,theGovernmentofFlandersapprovedtheproceduresforprocessingtheuniversities,horticulturalbusinesses.ThestudiesarecarriedoutbyresearchteamsoftheFlemishonpromotingthesectorandnotonsolvingtheproblemsofindividualagriculturalandagricultureandhorticulture.Theprojectshaveacollectivecharacterinthesensethattheyfocusaimedatstimulatingproductivity,thecapacityforcompetitionandqualityandsustainabilityintheRegionsinthecontextoftheLambermontagreement.ContractualagriculturalresearchisThesubsidiesforagriculturalresearchformoneofthecompetenceswhichweretransferredtoBA16.840willInordertorespectthecontinuitywiththecurrentpolicy,thetimingofthecallsforproposalsFlanders.basicresearchandpolicy-orientedresearch.Uptothattime,itwillbemanagedbytheIWTThefundinginstrumentwillfallunderanewagencytobeestablished,whichwillmanagebothwillnetworking.Thisexpansionisaccompaniedbyachangeinthenameoftheprogramme,whichresearchinitiatives–foreignpartnersarealsofundedandadditionalfundsareprovidedforInordertostimulatecooperationattheinternationallevel,inparticularwithEuropeanFlandersmentwillhaveaplacebetweentheFWOFlanders(groundbreakingresearch)andtheIWTFlanders.Researchmayormaynotbecarriedoutinthecontextofaconsortium.Theinstruinvolved(universities,institutesofhighereducation,researchinstitutes,businesses,etc.)ineconomicandasocialfocus–andthisappliesforallthesectors.ItisopentoallthepartiesEssentiallythisconcernsafundinginstrumenttosupportstrategicbasicresearchwithbothaninitiativetheIWTFlanders,theGovernmentofFlandersiscreatingtheframeworkofregulationsforthisingchannelforbasicresearch.Takingintoaccount,theadviceoftheVRWB,theSERVandOn19July2002,theGovernmentofFlandersinprincipleapprovedtheintroductionofafundservelongtermcreateaclearaddedvalueattheeconomicorsociallevel.Onebasicobjectivewastoasabridgebetweentheresearchworldandtheeconomyandsociety.thisyear.(industrialprojectswithrelevanceintheshortterm).henceforthbeknownasSBO(StrategicBasicResearch).correspondascloselyaspossibletotheGBOUprogrammewhichisreplaced.millionEURisallocatedtothisBA.31.61Subsidiesforscientificandtechnicalresearchwithanagriculturalpurposeresearchinstitutesandtestingcentres.currentprojects,whileasumof2,893,000EURisavailablefornewresearch.andTechnologyinFlanders.indicatedinthedocumentonthecallforproposalsapplyonlyforthosein2003. ChapterIII.4–62

fromsources(internationalbilateralcontracts,ECESA,...)–followedbyanevolutioningrantswithwhichIMEChascooperatedinrecentyears.ItalsoshowscontractincomefromotherThetablebelowillustratestheevolutionofcontractresearchincomefromFlemishcompaniesinitiatives.offsbypreparingresearchresultssothattheyaresuitableforthecreationofnewspin-offprocessandproductinnovation.Inaddition,IMECisincreasingitseffortstoestablishspin-wouldbepassedontoFlemishSMEsasfaraspossibleandstrengthentheminthiswaywithwithintheINVOMECdivision,toensurethatIMECsexpertise,know-howandtechnologyInordertofulfilthistask,IMECestablishedanewgroupIndustrialisationandIncubationeffortsIMEC.Whenthiswassigned,theGovernmentofFlandersaskedtheIMECtoundertakeIn2002anewmanagementagreementwasconcludedbetweentheFlemishGovernmentandTheBAagriculturaltheconclusionsandrecommendationsofthisstudy,anewpolicyandarevisedapproachtostarted(theGovernmentofFlanderswasnotifiedofthison22March2002).OnthebasisofAnexaminationoftheresearchcarriedoutinagricultureandhorticultureinFlandersrecentlyresearchwillbedrawnupbytheendof2002/beginningof2003.33.01SubsidyforIMECgrantfor2003amountsto34.380millionEUR.to:•continuetoactasacentreofexcellenceataworldlevelforresearchinmicroelectronics;•tocooperatewithuniversitiesinamoreinteractiveandmultidisciplinaryway–withanemphasisoncommonresearchobjectivesforthedevelopmentoftomorrow’stechnologies;•tostrengthencooperationwithFlemishcompaniesandwithaspecialfocusonSMEs,bothinandoutsidetheICTsector.In2002,onenewspin-offinitiativewasestablished.theGovernmentofFlanders.NumberofFlemishContractpartnersFlemishcontractin-come(mln.EUR)Othercontractin-come(mln.EUR)Subsidy(mln.EUR)19965211.2317.9224.3219976212.0223.1327.0619986512.2124.6427.5919996913.7033.8927.9520007020.2349.9028.2520017230.2757.4428.6720029331.671.7933.32ThefollowingtableillustratesinmoredetailtheevolutionofcontractresearchfrominternationalbilateralcollaborationsaswellasincomefrommultilateralcooperationintheEuropeanframeworkprogrammesandcontractualresearchcommissionedbyESA.Internationalindustry(millionsofEUR)EC(millionsofEUR)ESA(millionsofEUR)19965.548.402.1919978.0911.132.10199811.2412.631.64199918.178.531.09200030.3516.383.47200140.0014.512.68200250.1918.552.83 ChapterIII.4–63

TheresearchanddevelopmentactivitiesofIMECareorganisedinfourdivisions.directlyroll”employees(researchfellowshipsandindustrialresidents).85%ofallemployeesareAttheendof2002,IMEChad1,263employees.Thisincludesboth“payroll”and“non-payferentwithsharedcostsandrisks,withco-ownershipofmostIP,whileexpertiseandtalentfromdifIIAPconceptisamodelofcooperationinwhichindustrialandIMECresearcherscooperate–Programmes),meansthatitispossibletoprovideperfectfeedbacktoFlanders(cycle3).ThewhichtheIMEChasachievedovertheyearsinitsIIAPs(IMEC’sIndustrialAffiliationimportantparameterforcommercialsuccess.ThemanycrucialresultsforICTdevelopmentsInfact,thisapproachguaranteesafaster“time-to-market”whichisbecominganincreasinglylocal(iv)co-ownershiponmostofitsIP,generatedincollaborationwithindustry,re-usableforthemass(iii)co-fundingbytheinternationalcommunitywhichmakesitpossibletodevelopacritical(ii)(i)mationandcommunicationtechnology(cycle2),whichgivestheIMECathreefoldadvantage:mation”).Thisinturnincreasestheattractionfornewcooperationwithworldleadersininforhasbuiltupitsowntechnologicalportfolioincycle1(IMECExpertiseor“BackgroundInforBecauseofafar-reachingpolicyontheownershipoftheresultsofcontractualresearch,IMECinUptonow,ithasbeenpossibletodistinguishthreecyclesintheIMEC’sevolution,asindicatedthefigurebelow.insightintofutureindustrialneeds;insightinindustrial“roadmaps”and“windowsofopportunity”;forgroundbreakingresearch;industryaswell.sourcesarebroughttogether.involvedinresearchanddevelopment. Thefirstdivi sion forhorizontalintegration(sensors,microsystems,RF,magneticmemoriesincombinationnanoelectronics.Theavailablebasictechnologiesandthe“cleanroom”infrastructurealsoallownon-volatilememoriesandnewcomponentsinthefieldofadvancedCMOSandfordeepsubmicrondigitalCMOS,foranalogandcombinedanalog-digitalCMOSandfordeviceimplementationinthepilotline.VariousICprocessesarebeingdevelopedintandem:objectiveofthisdivisionistointegratetheseexploratorystagesinaproof-of-conceptthroughcleaningmethods,newgatematerials,interconnectiontechnologyandsilicides.Thesecondsub-45nmCMOSprocesstechnologygeneration.Thisconcernsopticallithography,siliconresearchintoparticularprocessmoduleswhichareaimedatthe90,65,45nmandeventhetheirdeviceimplementationintoaCMOSprocess.Firstofall,thereisextremelyadvancedisdevelopingsubmicronICprocesstechnology,boththeindividualprocessmodulesand ChapterIII.4–64

ThesisTheprocessdevelopmentisalsosupportedbyspecialisedresearchinthefieldofphysicalanalywithCMOSlogic)andalsomakesitpossibletoprogresstothelevelofthe“proof-of-concept”.andreliability. seconddivision TheThis4.Thefourthprogrammeresearchestheexplorationofnewenergyharvestingmethodsin3.Theprogrammeonheterogeneoussystemintegrationcomprisespackagingatwaferlevel,2.TheHuman++programmedevelopstechnologies“topromotethequalityoflife”.This1.TheMulti-MediaMulti-Modeprogrammeaimstodevelopamulti-media,multi-modefuture.nanosystemsaredevelopedaroundornexttoCMOS,forthe“intelligentenvironment”oftheworksonmicrosystems,componentsandpackaging.Micro-andFourR&Dprogrammescanbedistinguished.terminalbasedonthesystem-in-onepackagingconcept.Byusinghigh-densityinterconnects,integratedpassivecomponentswithahighqualityfactorandMEMS(micro-electromechanicalsystems)components,itispossibletoachievegreaterminiaturisation,lowerconsumptionandthepotentialforreconfiguration.Three-dimensionalsystemintegrationandthestackingofcomponentsareaimedatincreasingthebandwidthandimprovingbackgroundnoiselevels.comprises“point-of-care”unitsfordiagnosticsandnetworksofsensors,so-calledBANs(BodyAreaNetwork),tomonitorhumanhealth.Thesenetworksconsistofinteractive,greatlyminiaturisedandautonomoussensorsystems.Researchintobiosensors,polymerelectronics,“powerMEMS”,polymersolarcells,and“neurons-on-a-chip”isessentialforthesuccessofthisprogramme.interconnecttechnologies,MEMS,magneticmemories(MRAM)andcolourfilters.generalandtheuseofsunlightasasourceofenergyinparticular.Thinfilmcrystallinesiliconsolarcellsandpolymersolarcellsarebesidesothertechniquestheobjectofthisresearch.divisionalsohasastrongtraditionofspin-offs. thirddivision Theingtionbetweendivisions.Forexample,thereisimportantinteractionbetweenthedivisionworkplaces.Becauseofthemultidisciplinarycharacteroftheresearch,thereisincreasingcoopera-forms,auser-friendlyinterfacewithouttheuseofkeyboards,andtransducersindifferent(miniaturised)computersystems,ubiquitouswirelesscommunication,reconfigurableplat-emphasisonthe“intelligentenvironment”ofthefuture.ThiswillbecharacterisedbyportableisdevelopingnewdesignmethodsandtechnologiesforICTsystemswithanonmicrosystemsandthe“design”divisionintheM4programme. fourthdivision focusesontraining,thedisseminationandtransferofknow-howandon industrialisation for Flemish industry. The training activities take place at different levels: • bothbasedsupportisprovidedforthisinthetrainingofICdesignengineers,withattentionforhighereducation(universitiesandinstitutesofhighereducation);technicalandcontent-thehardwareandthesoftwareaspects; • KULeuven,theLUC,theUIAandtheRUGissteadilyincreasing.IMECalsohasfourassocimicroelectronicsandrelatedfields.Infact,thenumberofcooperativeprogrammeswiththeOneofIMEC’stasksisalsotostrengthentheresearchpotentialoftheFlemishuniversitiesforfromintheICTindustry.In2002,therewere4031enrolmentsforcourses,ofwhich260wererangeoftrainingprogrammesandadvancedcoursesforoperators,techniciansandengineersataprofessionallevelviaIMEC’sMicroelectronicsTrainingCentre,whichprovidesabroadindustry,264wereacademics,and3,507wereIMECemployees.atedlaboratories,viz.,INTECattheRUG,ETROattheVUB,IMOMECattheLUC,andoneattheKHBO.IMECpursuesastrategyofindustrialisationinFlanderswithregardtoitsresearchresults.Thisdoesnotfocusonlyonthesectorofmicroelectronics,butalsooncompaniesinthemostdiversesectorsandofdifferentsizes.Forexample,in2002,48%oftheFlemishcompanieswithwhichitcooperatedwereSMEs,and29%wereSMEswithfewerthan20employees.Ofthe93part ChapterIII.4–65

intheGovernmentofFlandersfor2002-2006.ThethreecoreactivitiesoftheVIBaredescribedachievetheobjectivesandtasksimposedinthecontextofthenewmanagementagreementwithTheFlemishbudgetfor2003allocatedasubsidyof28.651millionEURtoVIB,tobeusedto(3)VIBprovidesinformationtothepublicbasedonscientificdatatosupportanobjectively(2)VIBhasanactivepatentingandlicensingpolicy.Newtechnologiesandinventionsarising(1)VIBsupportsandiscontinuingtodevelopstrategicbasicresearch.VIBguaranteesofIncooperationwithitsuniversitypartnersVIBwouldliketoformthebasisforabetterqualitysocialresultsinimmediateaddedvalueforthevariouspartnersandtheiracademic,industrialandsharetheproceedsoftheinvestments.Furthermore,combiningstrengthsinoneinstitutefullyselectedresearchgroupsonthebasisofaequalityandonalong-termbasis.Thepartnersture,bothpartners(theVIBandtheuniversitiesinvolved)investinalimitednumberofcarestrengthsofnineuniversityresearchteamsinasingleinstitute.InthecontextofthisjointvenBrussels,theRUGinGhentandKULeuveninLeuven)theVIBisabletocombinethethereisaclosejointventurewithfourFlemishuniversities(theUAinAntwerp,theVUBindifferentareasoflifesciences,suchashumanhealthcareandplantsystembiology.Becauseinstitutewhere750scientistsandtechniciansarecarryingoutgenetechnologicalresearchinVIB,theFlandersInteruniversityInstituteforBiotechnology,isanenterpreneurialresearchBAmanyformofmarketstudiesandhelpscompanieswiththevalorisationoftechnology,onthebasisofproductandprocessinnovation.Inaddition,IMECprovidestechno-commercialadviseinthethisstructureshouldmakeitpossibletousetheavailableknow-howinabroadersenseforoperatingoftenclosertothemarketthantheresearchprogrammesthemselves.Inotherwords,bettertotheneedsofthecompaniesinFlanders,withaspecialfocusonSMEs,–whicharecooperation,IMEChasrecentlyadapteditsstructure.Theaimisthatitwillbeabletorespondners,43%werenotintheICTsector.Inordertostreamlinethissortofapplication-orientedyearsofexperience.33.02SubsidyfortheFlandersInteruniversityInstituteforBiotechnologyenvironment.life,andisdevelopingthreecomplementarycoreactivitiesforthispurpose:scientistsstabilityandqualityfortheirresearchmandateandprovidesthemwithastimulatingworkingenvironment.fromstrategicbasicresearcharevalorisedatanindustrialandsociallevel.andscientificallybasedsocialdebateonbiotechnology.moredetailbelow. 1.Strategic basic research: DepartmentDepartmentDepartmentDepartmentDepartmentVIBdepartments,physicallylocatedonthecampusesofthefourpartneruniversitieswithwhichtheinternationalknowledge.Theresearchisstructuredonthebasisoftopicsintonineresearchdisciplineinwhichtheyareactiveandcaninthiswaypushaheadtheboundariesofandrelevanceoftheresearch,theresearcherscanhelptodeterminethefrontlineoftheconcentrateresearchonanumberoftopicsofstrategicimportance.Becauseofthehighqualityobjectives(industrialvalorisation,socialandinternationalimage).VIB’sambitionistoStrategicbasicresearchisthemainactivityofVIBandformsthebasisforalltheotherhasconcludedaframeworkagreement.ofMolecularBiomedicalResearch,ProfessorF.VanRoyofPlantSystemsBiology,ProfessorD.InzéofTransgeneTechnologyandGeneTherapy,ProfessorD.CollenofHumanGenetics,ProfessorG.DavidofMolecularandCellularInteractions,ProfessorL.Wyns ChapterIII.4–66

Plantsystemsbiology withparticularattentiontothecellcycle,lateralrootandleafdevelop ment in plants. Genetics: cancer.neuropathies,epilepsy,psychiatricconditions,mentalretardation,leukaemiaandlymphatictoidentifythesegeneticdeviationsandcharacterisethemforAlzheimer’sdisease,peripheralManydiseasesaretheresultofachangeinthegeneticcellmechanisms.Greateffortsaremade Cancerandinflammation Inthefieldofgeneticssorgenes,differentialmacrophagicactivationincancerandinflammation,mouse-molecularstructure/functionanalysisofcelladhesioninconnectionwithinvasivecancer,tumoursuppresticularlytothemolecularsignallingofcelldeath,apoptosis,necrosisandinflammation,theareanimportantareaofresearchforVIB.Attentionisdevotedparandexperimentalcancertherapy. immunology mation,protectsitselfagainstoriginatorsofdiseaseandcancer.Therearealsostudiesofasthma,inflam,theresearchismainlyintothewayinwhichtheimmunesystemtheroleofmacrophagesand(camel)antibodyengineering.

Department of Developmental Biology, Professor D. Huylebroeck Department of Molecular Genetics, Professor C. Van Broeckhoven Department of Medical Protein Research, Professor J.

Cell biology and molecular biology: proteoglycanesstress,celldeathandageing,celladhesion,thesignallingpathwaysofheparanesulphategrowth,cellmultiplicationanddifferentiation;theregulationofthecellcycle,inflammation,Themainfocusismolecularsignaltransductionandtheregulationofgeneexpressioninandactine-basedcellmotility.

Cardiovascular biology: attacksproteinasesincardiovascularbiologyandcardiovascularcomplaints,arteriosclerosis,heartTheresearchfocusesparticularlyonangiogenesis,vasculogenesis,arteriogenesis,theroleofandtheroleofcirculatingstemcellsincardiovascularbiology. Neurobiology: Incompartmentalisation.neurodegenerativedisorders,molecular,vesicleandmembranetransportandinAlzheimer’sdisease,neuralbranching,(complex)moleculargeneticsofneuralanddegenerationofthenervoussystemandcomprises,amongstotherthings:neuronalcellbiologyInthefieldofneurobiologyattentionisfocusedonthecreation,differentiationand developmentalbiology mentopmentalbiologyofthecardiovascularsystem.Inaddition,attentionisdevotedtothedevelopopment,developmentanddifferentiationofthecentralandperipheralnervoussystem,develgetgenesduringembryogenesis,signallingfunctionsofcadherinesandcateninesduringdevelthefocusisonTGFbetasignalisationandgenetranscriptionoftaroftherootsandleavesofplants.

ChapterIII.4–67

theIn2003,thescientificresearchprogrammeoftheVIBresearchdepartmentsfocusesmainlyonicalTheveleinfocusesonthe“nutrientsensingmechanism”inyeastandanumberofbiotechnologtionprocedure.ThisnewDepartmentforMolecularMicrobiologyheadedbyProfessorJ.On1July2002,anewresearchdepartmentwasincludedinVIBfollowingathoroughselecVandekerckhoveapplicationsofyeast.followingtopics:

Themostimportantpointsforattentioninthefieldof microbiology Differentgroupsuseadministerinteractions,pseudomonads,nutrientsensinginyeastandtheuseoflacticacidbacteriatoconcernplant-microbemedicinestopatients. innovativetransgeneandgenetargetingtechnologies Determiningtheapytionofknock-outmice,genetransferandgenetherapystudiesinmammalsystems,genetherfortheproducofhaemophiliaandplanttransformationfortheproductionoftransgeneplants. functionoftheproteinstructure understandingofthemolecularbasisoflife.VIBscientistsusearangeofmoleculartechnoloisofvitalimportanceforacompletegiessuchasX-raycrystallography,NMRspectroscopytodeterminethefunctionandstructureofimportantproteinsandmacromolecularcomplexesinvolvedinkeybiologicalprocesses. Functional genomics: therapeuticmedicinaltargets.ForthisVIBusesabroadrangeofmodelsystems:theclassificationofgenesinbiologicalpathways,theidentificationofdiagnosticmarkersanddisease.Thesenewaidswillhaveanincisiveeffectforthecharacterisationsofgenefunctions,genesandproteinsareexpressedinaparticulartissue,physiologicalconditionsorstageofaTranscriptomeandproteomeanalysescanqualitativelyandquantitativelydeterminewhich Xenopus (toad), Drosophilia (fruit fly), mice, yeast, Arabidopsis (sand rocket), tobacco and poplar. Bioinformation technology: analysis,comparativegenomestudies,geneprediction,bioinformationtechnologyoftheproteomeAttentionisdevotedtofunctionalgenomicsofthecellcycle,evolutionarygenomestudies,plant-promoterstudiesandgenomewideannotation. Core facilities: TheDNAmicro-array micro-arrayfacilitywhichallowsforexpressionprofilinginhumans,miceandgeneexpressiononaminiaturescaleandwithaveryhighthroughput.VIBhasorganiseda(orgenechip)isarevolutionarynewtoolwhichallowsforthestudyof Arabidopsis VIB’sfacilityforproteomics dredsandeventhousandsofproteins.Inaddition,VIBalsohasa(PCF)usesMALDI-TOFmassspectrometrytoidentifyhun Geneticservicefacility anddeterminingsequences,lookingupandanalysingSNPs(SingleNucleotidePolymorphisms)forSTRgenotyping. 2.Industrial valorisation of the research results techtry.ThisismainlydonebyconcludingR&Dagreementsandlicenceagreementswithhigh-VIBimplementsaproactivetechnologytransferpolicytovalorisetheresearchresultsinindusjournals.submissionofpatentapplicationswiththepublicationoftheresultsconcernedinscientificentificcreativitytoflourishasmuchaspossible.Forexample,itisimportanttostreamlinetheThefocusonthismustbeeffectivelybalancedwiththehighdegreeoffreedomneededforscinewprocesses.Forthisreason,VIBdevotesspecialattentiontoprotectingthepropertyrightsoftranslationofbasicresearchresultsachievedinthelaboratoryintomarketableproductsorTheTechnologyTransferDepartmentisactuallyresponsibleforallstepsinvolvedintheObviously,theresearchperformedbyVIBhasgreatpotentialforthetransferoftechnology.inventions,stimulatingenterprise,andtheprofessionalcooperationwithindustry.biocompaniesandthepharmaceuticalandagrochemicalindustry. ChapterIII.4–68

tiesinstituteswhichjointlyprovidesupporttotheGovernmentofFlandersandotherrelevantparAsupportcentreconsistsofoneormoreresearchgroupsworkingatoneormoreuniversityPolicypolicyproblems,aswellasshort-termprojects.TheSupportCentresforResearchRelevanttotermsoftimeandfinancially)forlong-termandthoroughreflectiononpresentandfutureGovernmentofFlandersneedsscientificresearchthatisrelevantforpolicywithroom(bothinInordertoanticipateandrespondrapidlytonewsocialdevelopmentsandchallenges,theBAForwork.thesociety’schoicesaresupportedbyanappropriate,fairandtransparentregulatoryframeandwhatagriculturewillserveoursocietybestinfuture.Thegovernmentshouldensurethatsametimetonewquestions.Citizensmustbeabletoobtaininformationaboutwhatmedicinebacktheboundaries.Newknowledgethatisobtainedleadstonewpossibilities,butalsoatthecometoanend.Afterall,scientificresearchfocusesoninnovationandisconstantlypushingdatawhichenablethemtopreparethoroughlyforasocialdebate.Infact,thisdebatewillneverTheVIBcommunicationprogrammefocusesonprovidingthecitizenswithobjectivefactsandenexamplesincludethelessonpacksforschools,theexhibition‘Eetesgenetisch’,thebook‘Genenticipatinginthisdebateandisprovidingthepublicwithspecificfactualinformation.RecentThereforethereisaneedforsomeobjectivitysupportedbyscientificfactsanddata.VIBispar-debatepolarisesbetweenrabidopponentsandunconditionalsupportersofgenetechnology.inginEuropeoncertain(particularlyagricultural)applicationsofbiotechnology.UsuallytheInnovationsbyVIBscientistsalsoserveasasourceofpublicinformation.Afiercedebateisrag-questionsknowledgecentreregardingthesafetyaspectsandregulations,andothersociallyrelevantcommunicationaboutscience,thecontinuedupdatingofVIBasaninformationandonsupportingthesocialdebateonbiotechnology,particularlybymeansofactiveandobjectiveInthecontextofthenewmanagementagreement(2001-2006),thesocialtaskofVIBfocusesaboutbiotechnology.gezondheid’,andtheschools’project‘farmers@work’.VIBplaysasupportingroleinthisprocess.furtherinformationyoucanconsulttheVIBwebsite:www.vib.be33.03SubsidyforSupportCentresforResearchRelevanttoPolicymeetthisneed.forlongperiodsoftime. ChapterIII.4–69

3.The society

soontechnologywithanintensiveR&Dprogrammeandaclearpotentialforgrowth.Thebuildingbeginningof2000,makesaspeciallydesignedworkplaceavailabletonewcompaniesinbiocalledbio-incubatorforthispurpose.TheVIBbio-incubator,whichopeneditsdoorsatthetureforthesestartercompaniesandothernewhigh-techbio-companies.VIBestablishedaso-Inadditiontothesearchfortherequiredcapital,VIBalsosawtheneedforasuitableinfrastruccompaniesalreadyresultedinthreenewstartercompanies:DevGen,CropDesignandAblynx.ThethreetheinventionsofVIBresearchersandtheplansdrawnuponthebasisofthesebyVIB,havementand(starting)capital,andstrongframeworkofagreements.Initsfairlyshortexistence,tionasregardspropertylaw,ateamofpeoplewiththerightcompetencies,includingmanagenewFlemishcompany.Apartfromknowledgeandtechnology,thisalsorequiresastrongposiprovidesaplatformforalargenumberofapplications,intensiveeffortsaremadetoestablishaIfthedegreeofinnovationofa(combinationof)invention/inventionsissufficientlyhigh,andhavetogetheralreadycreatedmorethan170newjobs.becametoosmall,andwasextendedby50%in2001. programme

12.SupportCentreforTrafficSafetywithincreasingMobility:ConsortiumoftheLUCand11.SupportCentreforTourismandRecreation:theKULeuvenwithProfessorM.Jansen-10.SupportCentreforSport,MovementandHealth:consortiumoftheKULeuven,theportTheinstitutesconcernedconcludedamanagementagreementforthetwelverecognisedsup-ondcallforproposalswaspublishedandsubsequentlyfouradditionalproposalswereselected.mittedforeighttopicswererecognisedassupportcentres.Fortheotherfourtopics,anewsec-callforproposalsandonthebasisofascientificandpolicy-orientedevaluation,proposalssub-In2000theGovernmentofFlandershadalreadyestablishedtwelvetopics.Followingthefirsttheofinformation.Inaddition,thesegroupsreceivesufficientlong-termandstructuralfundingforWiththisinitiativeanumberofleadingFlemishresearchgroupscanalsodevelopacriticalmassGovernmentWiththerecognitionandfundingofthesupportcentresforresearchrelevanttopolicy,theandknowledgeandscientificservices,inadditiontobuildingupcollectionsofdataandtheanalysisofFlandersandarerelevantforitspolicy.Inaddition,thetaskalsoinvolvesthetransferoflong-termbasicresearchonsubjectswhichareconsideredtohaveprioritybytheGovernmentThetaskconsistsbothofproblem-oriented,short-termresearchandofmorefundamentalpublicationofdata.ofFlanders’aimsinclude:•fundingstructuralresearchonprioritypolicyissues;•stabilityinresearchwithinaclearlyestablishedcontractualframework;•scientificsupportforpolicybyincorporatingresearchinthepolicyandmanagementcycleinastructuralway;•thepromotionofthemultidisciplinaryaspectinresearchrelevanttopolicy;•theaccessibilityoftheavailableknow-howandthetransferofthisknow-howtotheGovernmentofFlanders.firsttimetoenableyoungresearcherstoprepareadoctoralthesis.centres:1.SupportCentreforAdministrativeOrganisationinFlanders:consortiumoftheKULeuven,UA,RUGandtheGhentInstituteofHigherEducation,withProfessorG.Bouckaertasthepromoter-coordinator;2.SupportCentreforSustainableAgriculture:consortiumofRUGandKULeuven,withProfessorD.Reheulasthepromoter-coordinator;3.SupportcentrefortheEqualOpportunitiesPolicy:consortiumoftheUAandLUC,withProfessorJ.Vrankenasthepromoter-coordinator;4.SupportCentrefortheCareersofPupilsandStudentsinEducationandthetransitionfromEducationtotheEmploymentMarket:consortiumoftheKULeuven,RUG,UAandVUB,withProfessorH.Cosseyasthepromoter-coordinator;5.SupportCentreforEnvironmentandHealth;consortiumoftheVUB,theRUG,theUA,theKULeuven,andtheRUC,withProfessorW.Baeyensasthepromoter-coordinator;6.SupportCentreforEnvironmentalPolicySciences:consortiumoftheUA,theKULeuvenandtheRUG,withProfessorP.Leroyasthepromoter-coordinator;7.SupportCentreforR&DStatistics:theKULeuvenwithProfessorK.Debackereasthepromoter-coordinator;8.SupportCentreforEnterprise,CompaniesandInnovation:consortiumoftheRUGandtheKULeuven,withProfessorR.VanDierdonckasthepromoter-coordinator;9.SupportCentreforRecreationalFlanders:consortiumoftheRUG,theKULeuvenandtheVUB,withProfessorH.Waegeasthepromoter-coordinator;VUB,andtheRUG,withProfessorG.Beunenasthepromoter-coordinator;Verbekeasthepromoter-coordinator;VUB,withProfessorL.Vereeckasthepromoter-coordinator. ChapterIII.4–70

privatenot-for-profitfoundations,etc.).Internationalstandardshavebeendrawnupforproinvestmentsinfundsandpersonnelbythevariouspartiesconcerned(government,industry,AnumberofindicatorswhichhavebeenthoroughlyincorporatedmainlyincludetheR&DR&Dgovernments,andinthecontextofinternationalagreements,Flandersmustprovidedataonitspotential–alsoinaninternationalcontext.Inaddition,incooperationwiththeotherBelgianwhichmakeitpossibletomonitorthedevelopmentoftheFlemishscienceandtechnologicalForitsscienceandtechnicalinnovationpolicy,thegovernmentmusthavepolicyindicatorsBAandSupportCentreR&DStatistics,whichisresponsibleforbuildingupSTIindicatorsforSciencetrationsconcernedalsoprovideco-fundingforthesupportcentres.Theco-fundingfortheFundsof8.629millionEURareallocatedtothisBA.Thebudgetprogrammesoftheadminis-policy-orientedGovernmentofFlanders,withaviewtoachievinggreatertransparencyofthefundingofthetoanimportantextent.Thissupportcentreisinvolvedintheexecutionofthedecisionofthetime,andservedasamodelforthe“SupportCentresforResearchRelevanttoPolicy”initiativeTheSupportCentreforEmployment,LabourandTraining(WAV)hasbeenactiveforsomeincludes:Thesesteeringgroupsplayanimportantroleinmonitoringthesupportcentres.Theirtaskadministration.administrations,amongstothers,aswellasarepresentativeoftheScienceandInnovationsteeringgroup,includingrepresentativesofthefunctionallycompetentministersandtheirthistotheGovernmentofFlanders.Inthefirstinstance,everysupportcentreismonitoredbyaoverallmonitoringoftheoperationofthesupportcentres.TheministerregularlyreportsonFlemishMinisterofEducationandTraininghasacoordinatingtaskandisresponsiblefortheEverysupportcentrefallsundertheresponsibilityofthefunctionalcompetentminister(s).TheInthepossibleextensionofatopicatthelatestsixmonthsbeforetheendofthepenultimateyear.tionandattheendofthemanagementagreement.TheGovernmentofFlanderswilldecideonandtheavailablefunds.EvaluationproceduresaredrawnupbothduringtheperiodofexecumentagreementscometoanendattheendofDecember2006;theylaydowntheobjectivesAllthesupportcentresweresetupattheendof2001orthebeginningof2002.Themanagethecaseofanextension,anewcallforproposalsisputforward.•monitoringthequalityandscientificcharacteroftheresearch;•monitoringtheprogressoftheresearch;•monitoringtherelevance(topolicy)ofthestudies;•monitoringthethroughputoftheresultstothepartiesinvolvedinpolicy;•ifnecessary,modifyingtheresearch,dependingonthesupply/demand.research.Innovation,isincludedinBA33.04(below).33.04Subsidyforco-fundingtheR&DStatisticsSupportCentrepotentialtosupranationalbodiessuchastheOECDandEUROSTAT.cessingthesedata.Asresearchandinnovationbecomemoreimportantforsociety,thestudyoftheseaspectshasdevelopedintoadisciplineinitsownright.Thedevelopmentofquantitativemethodsforexaminingresearchperformanceisanimportantpartofthis.InFlandersthereareanumberofinitiativesforthecreationanddevelopmentofR&Dindicators:•TheScienceandInnovationadministrationisresponsibleforathoroughanalysisoftheFlemishbudgetforthescienceandtechnologicalinnovationpolicy.TheresultsarepublishedeveryyearintheInformationGuide. ChapterIII.4–71

• government.OECDandEUROSTATfortheirownareasofcompetence;thisisdonethroughthefederalTheScienceandInnovationadministrationandtheIWTFlanderseachprovidedatatothe • the0.128millionEURisalsoprovidedforinvestmentexpenditureonBA52.01,inparticularformedicalwasincreasedto0.5millionEURwhichenablestheKMDAtoextenditsresearchtoincludeproposedresearchandtheresearchthatisactuallycarriedout.In2001,thebudgetforthisBAcommittee(includingrepresentativesfromtheuniversityworld)monitorsthequalityoftheisdoneinclosecollaborationwithuniversitiesandscientificinstitutes.Ascientificadvisoryconcernsendangeredanimalspeciesandfocusesonproblem-orientedmanagementissues.ThiscostsforfundamentalscientificveterinaryresearchintheKMDA’sfieldofactivities.ThisThesubsidyof0.508millionEURforBA33.41isforpersonnel,theoperationandequipment(KMDA)BA52.01SubsidyforinvestmentexpenditurefortheRoyalZoologicalSocietyofAntwerpBAwillgraduallybeincreasedto9millionEURby2006.Therulesforproject-basedscientificresearchredirectedtothisproject-basedresearchoveraperiodoftwoyears.Furthermore,theywillbasedscientificresearch”focusingoncoursesofonecycle.ThefundsoftheHOBUfundareInthedraftstructuredecreeitwasthereforedecidedtoreplacetheHOBUfundby“project-reformtutesofhighereducation,itisclearthatseparatefundswillbeincorporatedinthisfundamentalthiscontext,andtakingintoaccounttheacademictransformationoftwo-cyclecoursesatinsti-researchisbeingcoordinatedandwilleventuallybewhollysupportedbytheseassociations.Inlishmentofassociationsbetweenuniversitiesandinstitutesofhighereducation,scientificInthecontextoftheimplementationoftheSorbonne-Bologna-Pragueprocessandtheestab-millionThisconcernsproject-basedscientificresearchatinstitutesofhighereducationandfundsof3.0BAprogrammeAsubsidyof0.372millionEURwasprovidedforco-fundingfromthefundsallocatedtoindicators.treisalsoresponsibleforthecoordinationofthepublicationofthe2003editionofthisbookofcompiledonthebasisoftheseindicatorsin2003and2005.TheR&DStatisticsSupportCenInaddition,aFlemishBookofIndicatorsonScience,TechnologyandInnovationisbeingthetheSupportCentrewillalsocarryoutresearchintonewandimprovedindicators.Todothis,tionoftheFlemishR&Dpotential.Inadditiontoprovidinganddevelopingtheseindicators,andtodevelopindicatorswhichmakeitpossibletoexaminethescopeandinternationalposiofthissupportcentreisabovealltocreateaninstrumentforperformingbibliometricanalysesadditiontoprovidingdatawhichareusedintheBOFdistributionkey(seeelsewhere),thetaskTheGovernmentofFlandersfundstheR&DStatisticsSupportCentretosupportitspolicy.In(theAnumberofbodieshaverecentlycarriedoutorfundedstudiestodevelopnewindicatorsVLIR,theIWTFlanders,theAWI,theVRWB,etc.).SupportCentrecontinuestheworkthatwassetupinAWIinrecentyears.71.1.“Generalsciencepolicy”.33.05SubsidiesforProject-basedScientificResearch(PWO)EURareprovided.(suchastheHOBUfund).bedrawnupassoonasparliamentapprovesthestructuraldecreeonhighereducation.33.41SubsidyfortheRoyalZoologicalSocietyofAntwerp(KMDA)veterinaryresearchinthecontextofinternationalexchangeprogrammes.renovationofthelaboratoryinfrastructure. ChapterIII.4–72

BA 33.43Subsidy for the Flemish Institute of the amountasfarastheinvestmentsareactuallymadein2003.Boththesesubsidieshavethemaximumof4.707millionEURforinvestmentsonBA61.02.Vitohasonlyarighttothisoperatingcosts(personnelandotherexpenditures–onBA41.03),aswellasasubsidyofaInstituteforTechnologicalResearch.Thisconcernsasubsidyof26.589millionEURforGovernmentofFlandersisprovidingasubsidyof31.324millionEURtoVito-theFlemishIn2003,thebudgetprogramme71.4“Strategicandpolicy-orientedresearch”oftheBABAyearAbudgetof18.470millionEURismadeavailablefortheIWTspecialisationbursariesfortheandapplicabilityoftheresearchresults,withaviewtobuildingbridgesbetweenacademicresearchgivenwiththesponsorshipofaFlemishcompany.Theevaluationcriteriatakeintoaccountthegrantedapproximately160bursariesfordoctorateseveryyearsince1994.ThesebursariesareInthecontextofthepostgraduateeducationofyoungresearchersinFlanders,theIWThasBAmineexaminationoftheagriculturalresearch,whichwasconcludedinJanuary2003,willalsodeterbetakenintoaccountwhenthenewmanagementagreementisdrawnup.Theresultsofthein2003.Theinitialstageandthefirstoperationalworkingstageareevaluated;theresultsmustInaccordancewiththemanagementagreement,theVLIZisbeingexaminedforthefirsttimedevotedamediatheque,andtheorganisationofadayforyoungpeople.AgreatdealofattentionisalsoActivitiesinsupportofsciencearealsoprovided,suchasthemanagementanddevelopmentoferation‘deZeeleeuw’andthesmaller‘Zeekat’andcontributestothecoordinationofoperationalcoop-Throughtheoceanographicplatform,theVLIZalsogivesaccesstothemultifunctionalship,hasduresforoceanographicdataintheinternationalcontext.Inthisway,thescientificcommunitypriateinformation.Itactivelyparticipatesinthedevelopmentofstandardsandexchangeproceinformationflows.Asaninformationcentre,theVLIZcanprovidetheauthoritieswithapproencouragesahigherlevelofdataexchange,andaboveallensuresoptimalaccesstothesehugeTheFlemishMaritimeDataCentreisalsolocatedintheVLIZ.Thisoperationaldatacentreinternationalandactedasthesecretariatfortheinternationalconference,‘ColoursoftheOcean”,ontheasaclearlyidentifiablecontactcentre.In2002,theinstitutewasinvolvedintheorganisationTheVLIZshouldgreatlyincreasethevisibilityofmaritimeresearchinaninternationalcontextresearchactivities,e.g.,theorganisationofstudydaysandthepromotionofthedialoguebetweenthebothinanationalandaninternationalcontext.Forthispurpose,theVLIZorganisestargetedpolicyform,andalsopromotestheintegrationofscientificdevelopmentsinpolicy.Conversely,theTheVLIZservesasaforumfordiscussion,aswellasaninformationandcoordinationplatFlandersThesubsidyamountsto0.766millionEURandsupportsthemaritimeresearchcommunityinSeaandthepolicyrelatedtoit.agenciesinvolvedcanimprovetheiractivitiesthroughthiscentre,communityandthepolicyagenciesinvolvedinmaritimeresearchandpolicyissues.processing,storageandexchangeofbiologicaldatarelatedtotheocean.accesstoallthelargedatabanksworldwide.atsea.toawarenessraising,andthepopularisationofthistypeofresearch.thenewmanagementagreement.41.02IWTgrantrelatedtotheallocationofspecialisationgrantsindustry.2003.41.03GrantfortheFlemishInstituteforTechnologicalResearch(Vito)61.02GrantforinvestmentsintheFlemishInstituteforTechnologicalResearch(Vito) ChapterIII.4–73

FromeconomicthisisreflectedinthefocussingwhichisrequiredforstrategicresearchwithanindustrialorResearchonbehalftofindustryshouldparticularlygaininimportanceinthenextfewyears;makesignificantefforts–bothforitsown“strategicresearch”andforcontractualresearch.2001-2005.Thisguaranteesanannualbasicsubsidy,butontheotherhand,obligesVitotoIn2001,theFlemishCommunityconcludedanewmanagementagreementwithVitofortheronmentandmaterialshastheaimofencouragingsustainabletechnologicaldevelopmentsforlionEUR.Thelargestandbest-equippedmultidisciplinaryresearchcentreforenergy,theenviThereforeVitohasaltogetheraccesstoaresearchbudgetin2003ofaminimumof49.343mil22.705millionEURforthedirectcommissionsoftheFlemishRegion,thisamountstoaminimumofmissionsforindustry,authoritiesorscientificprogrammes.Togetherwithasubsidyof4.686Inaddition,Vitoalsoreceivesaminimumof18.019millionEURfrommanycontractualcomfromfromtheinstitutionalauthority”;theinvestmentsubsidyfallsunder66.1,“CapitaltransfersInVitobudget,theoperatingsubsidyisallocatedunderheading46.1,“Transferofincometaskscharacterofundividedfunds.Theoperatingsubsidyprovides4.686millionEURforfundingcommissionedbytheFlemishRegion:theso-calledreferencetasks.theinstitutionalauthority.”millionEUR.government,industryandSMEs.focus.2002,Vito’sstrategicresearchisthereforesubdividedasfollows: (STO).Strategicresearchwithaneconomicorindustrialfocus:StrategicTechnologicalResearch TV7:TV6:TV5:TV4:TV3:TV2:TV1:mentThisfocusesonalimitednumberoftechnologicalfields(7in2003),thoughwiththeinvolve-ofmorepersonnelandfunds.The7technologicalfields(STO)are:InnovativedecentralizedenergysystemsPowderprocessingSurfacetreatmentSoilcleaningtechnologyWatermanagementReactortechnologyMicroarraytechnology Strategic Research in Preparation of Policy (SBO) informationofmedium-termvalorisation,anddoesnotrevolvearoundimmediateandconcreteresearchprogramme.SBOaimsatincreasingtheinstitute’sownknowledgewiththepotentialhealth.However,Vitoretainstheultimateresponsibilityforthecontentandrealisationofthegovernment’slongtermstrategicpolicyobjectivesinthefieldsofenergy,theenvironmentandprogrammewhichisrevisedeveryyeartoensurethebestpossiblecoordinationwiththecompetentministersoftheGovernmentofFlanders.Thisisdoneinamulti-yearresearchThistypeofresearchcomprisesresearchprojectswhichareagreeduponinadvancewiththeneedsofthegovernment. Exploratory strategic research (ESO) currenthaveanyexperiencebutwhichcouldbecomeinterestinginthelongtermandmightreplacethisconcernscompletelynewfieldsoftechnologyortechniquesinwhichVitodoesnotyetAsmallproportionofthestrategicresearchcomprises(exploratory)technologicalresearch:fieldsoftechnologyortechniques. ChapterIII.4–74

Strategic supportive tasks supportciple,thisisresearchwhichattractsnoorveryfewexternalfinancialresourcesfortheadditionalareneededtomaintainoracquireknowledgeinsupportoftheabove-mentionedtasks.Inprinofthesesupportivetasks. Strategic research within the I & R division Thetechnologicalfield‘InnovativeDecentralizedEnergySystems

Powderprocessing’ Thetechnologyfieldisnewprotonconductorforamethanolfuelcell(cf.“InnovativeDecentralizedEnergySystems”)thereisalsoacleardemandforthetreatmentofdifficultprocessflows.Thedevelopmentofaactivity.Internally,thissupportsthetechnologicalfield‘Watermanagement’,buttotheoutsidetionandpervaporationmembraneswithhighfluxandhighselectivityisanotherimportantfreeforming)isthecoreactivity.Thedevelopmentofchemicalandthermallystablenano-filtra-tures)ceramiccomponents,producedbywetdesign(biogelcasting,slurrycoatingandsolidorindustrialcontractresearch.Thedesignofdenseandporous(membranousandfoamstruc-tally-friendlyceramicandpowdermetallurgicalproducts,whichcanbevalorisedwithpatentsfocusesonthedevelopmentofinnovative,economicandenvironmen-thethirdobjectiveinthistechnologicyfield.

“Soilcleaningtechnology” forthenextfewyearsisto expandtheexperienceandknowledgeofcleaningtechnology insitu, bothforthegovernment, and for research agencies and the cleaners themselves, and transfer this knowledge so that: • it is accepted in Flanders (by OVAM) and can be implemented; • it can be exported by the Flemish industrial players; • Governmentitcontributestothesustainabledevelopmentofbrownfieldsinurbanareas(priorityoftheofFlandersandOVAM). ChapterIII.4–75

‘specialistsresultsinthepossibilityofcooperationbetweenenergyspecialists(ETE)andmaterialintegrationandincorporationoffuelcellsinday-to-daypractice.Inaddition,thisdecisionforVitotodevelopthereferencecentreinFlandersforfuelcells,inparticular,forthePEMfuelcellsforstationaryormobileapplications,wereselectedforthispurpose.Theaimisoutforanumberofcrucialcomponentswhicharestillbeingdeveloped.Fuelcells,inparticularsupportofthis,further,morethoroughtechnologicalandscientificresearchmustbecarriedreflectedinthedevelopmentofsimulationsoftwareandcontrolandmonitoringsystems.Inheat)inwhichenergyefficient(renewableornew)sourcesplayanimportantrole.Thisisintegrationofdifferentcomponentsincombineddecentralizedenergysystems(electricityor’focusesonsystem(MAT,PRO).

Theaimofthetechnologicalfieldfield.technologyfield.TherearealsotwoVitobursariesfordoctoratesworkinginthistechnologytionofspecifictestingmethods,usuallyinaEuropeancontext,isthereforeintegratedinthistreatmentmustalsobeevaluatedagainsttheadhocspecifications.Thedevelopmentorcomplewithhybridtechniquesandlaserhardeningwithdiodelasers.Obviouslytheresultofasurfaceplasmas,thedevelopmentoraerosol-assistedplasmapolymerization,thelaser-assistedcladdingoptimalisationofaprototypelineforthetreatmentoffoils,textilesorfibreswithatmosphericactivityinthisfieldoftechnology.Specifically,itconcernsthedevelopment,testingandinnano-technologyandnano-structures.Atmosphericsurfacetreatmentsarethenewcoreincludingthoseformicroandnano-applications.Thiscorrespondswiththeworldwideinterestcontractresearch)tothedevelopmentofcoatingswithabroaderrangeoffunctionalities,transferredfromtribologicalcoatingsoncomponents(whichhasnowbecomealmostentirelydevelopmentsinthefieldofplasmatreatmentsinavacuum.Strategicresearchofthistypeisisthelogicalcontinuationoftheearliersuccessful

‘Surfacetreatment’

minimumofthreeperyear),ascarriedoutafewyearsagowithyearasindustrialcontracts),andaboveall,bymeansofthedevelopmentofpilottests(aThiswillbeachievedbymeansoffeasibilitystudies(atleasttwentywillbecarriedoutevery exsitu andSchermennetisaEuropeaninformationnetworkssuchasNicole,Caracas,Ancore,Nato-CCMS,EURB-linksoilcleaningtechnologiesareevolvingveryrapidlyataninternationallevel,theparticipationincombinedtopurifygroundwaterwithmixedpollution,downstream.Inviewofthefactthatinwhichdifferentwallmaterialsandphysicalandchemicalorbiologicalprocessesareprecipitationofheavymetalsingroundwaterandthedevelopmentofamultibarrierconcept,bypetroleumwithaspecialfocusonMTBE,thepracticalrealisationandmonitoringofthepollutedsoil,VOCLcleaningoperationswithzerovalentironinreactivewalls,sitespollutedalreadypartlycontainedinEUcontracts)relatetogasfactoriesandcreosotesites,BTEX-technologies.Specifically,thevariousworkingpackages(ofwhichasignificantnumberaretheresearchwillfocusonthenewtechnologiesorontheimprovementoftheexistingtechniques.Inaddition, conditiosinequanon forthistechnologyfield.Forthemorefundamental aspects of the research, there is support from six Vito employees doing their PhD doctorate. “Watermanagement” Thepilotcesses.Botharedividedintoafeasibilitystagewhichmayormaynotbefollowedbytestsonaimportantnewprojects,theMembranebioreactorsandConcentratetreatmentviahybridpro-withtheEurekaprojectB-Ware,amongstothers.Ontheotherhand,thisaspectinitiatestwoworkinthefieldofmembranefiltrationprocesses(focusingparticularlyonrecyclingwater),withacasestudyforthetextilesector.Thetechnologicalaspectcontinuesthedevelopmentalingwaterineveryindustrialsector.Thelatterwasinitiatedin2001intheEUprojectTowefoclosedcycle–theultimatemethodofsavingwater–andtheevaluationofthepotentialforsav-technologiesforinnovativeapplications.Fortheconceptualaspect,themainactivitiesarethedevelopmentofinnovativetechnologiesinadditiontotheintelligentcombinationofexistingablewatermanagement,whilethesecond,partlysupportedbythefirstaspect,isaimedatthedevelopmentandimplementationofconceptsandmethodologieswhichcontributetosustain-agement.Theconcreteactivitiesconsistoftwoworkingpackages,thefirstfocusingontheedgeontheperipheralconditionsandpossibilitiesregardingtheimplementationofwatermaningthetechnologicalaspect,andontheotherhand,bymeansofthecomplementaryknowlimmenseandstillgrowingwatermarket.Ontheonehand,thiswillbeachievedbystrengthenaimstopresentVitowithamoredistinctandstrongerprofileinthescale.sixthtechnologyfield, “Reactortechnology” will concentrate in the next few years on: • precipitation,reactions(Vitodoctoratebursary),supercriticalwaterreactionsandextraction,fractioning,specialattentionforreactionandseparationprocessessuchasgas/liquidreactions,enzymethedevelopmentofnewindustrialapplicationsofsupercriticalfluids(startedin2000withcrystallization; • specificfiltration.Itishopedthatadecisioncanbetakeninmid-2003regardingapossiblesecondcatalyticmembranereactorforenantio-selectivehomogenouscatalysis,linkedtonano-sector.Thefirstcurrentexampleofthis(Vitodoctoratebursary)isthedevelopmentofathedevelopmentofspecificalternativereactionandseparationtechniquesforthechemicalproject,onthebasisofaroundofinventoriesandsurveystostartin2002; • Thesixtechnologicalfields(STR)ofI&Raresupplementedintermsofstrategicresearchwith:fordeveloped(UMIST),whichmayormaynotbecombinedwithlaboratoryorsemi-pilottestswithcommerciallyavailablesoftwarepackages(ASPEN)orsoftwarepackagesbeingoutputandminimumenvironmentalpollution.Inthefirstinstance,thisimpliessimulationsevaluationsinconnectionwiththeoptimalisationofprocessesforthemaximumusefulthedevelopmentofknowledgetocarryourfeasibilitystudiesandtechnical/economicthevalidationofthe(individual)results.•oneStrategicSupportTask(SST),viz.,theCentreforMaterialAnalysis,•oneStrategicTaskinSupportofPolicyinconnectionwithdeterminingvehicleemissions,and ChapterIII.4–76

• 4 projects for Exploratory Strategic Research (ESO): CO2 storage in the subsoil Laser welding of synthetic materials Laser welding of light metals Energy from manure, silt and biomass waste Strategic research in the M&E department InthetechnologyfieldadapteddevelopmentsVitocarriesoutitself,andwhichcanbetakenoverfromotherplacesafterbeingmethodologiesareevolving,clearchoiceshavetobemadeinthisrespectwithregardtowhichdifferentproblemsandtherateatwhichmeasurementtechniquesandevaluationpossibilitiesbymeansofanadaptedprogrammeofstrategicresearch.InviewofthemanywayistoregularlyoptimaliseandrenewtheavailablerangeoftechnicalandmethodologicalOneessentialconditionforcontinuingtoachievethisobjectiveinameaningfulandefficientmeasures.toprovidespecialistservices,aswellasforthescientificsupportandbasisofvariouspolicytheGovernmentofFlanders.Inotherwords,itwantstheGovernmentofFlanderstocontactitethicallyjustified),theCentreofExcellenceprimarilywishestobecomeapointofreferenceforofhighlyspecializedservicestoindustry(onacontractualbasisandonconditionthatitisproblems–particularlyrelatedtosustainabledevelopment–isalsoavailablefortheprovisioninterpretationofmeasurementresults.Althoughtheavailableexpertiseonenvironmentalexecutionofscientificandtechnicalmeasurements,inadditiontotheevaluationandTheMeasurementandEvaluationdepartmentgroupsvariousexpertisesrelatedtothetotheirownspecificneeds. EnvironmentalToxicology strategictechnologicalresearchontheuseoftheexisting,Vitoisplanningasubstantialpackageof microarraytechnology negativeinfluencesofItiswellknownthatthereisalivelydebateatahighlevelallovertheworldaboutthepossiblecompetitive,logicalresearchandservices.Apartfromthefactthatthistechnologymustbeintellectuallytantstepforwardtoarriveatreliableandstatisticallyjustifiedconclusionsmorequicklyinbio-numberoftestscanbecarriedoutsimultaneously,andvirtuallyfullyautomatically,animpor-oftheeffectsofdifferentformsofenvironmentalpollution.Withthistechnologyaverylargeforthestudytherearealsosubstantialchancesthatthisdevelopmentcanbepatented. non-ionizingradiation agents.Asecondprojectaimstodevelopaparticular,attentionisdevotedtothecombinedeffectsofnon-ionizingradiationandchemicalTOXtofocusatleastpartofitsstrategicresearchinsupportofpolicyonthissubject.InFlandersforadviceforthevariouslevelsofgovernmentconcerned.Itisthereforeobviousfor.Foryears,TOXhasbeenthemaincontactin decision-makingsystem onhealth.ThiscanonlybedonesuccessfullyifthecapacityforandsupporttheGovernmentofFlandersinestimatingtheimpactofenvironmentalpollutionFinally,itisexpectedthatTOXwillmakeimportantcontributionstovariousriskevaluationscooperativeprojectsisunderlinedbythefactthattheywillbothbecarriedoutinaverybroadEuropeanwhichbasesitstechnologicalchoicesontheecologicalrisksinvolved.Theimportanceoftheseforthegovernment,venture. effect-orientedmeasurements Therapiddevelopmentsontechniquesoccurrenceofvariousdisordersisconstantlyextendedandadaptedtothemostmodernonenvironmentalsamplesandtheknowledgeoftherelationshipbetweenpollutionandtheandinsights. remotesensinganditsderivedproducts sensingdata,asindicatedabove,theinstitutewillhavetoensurethatithasallthecurrenttobethecentreofreferenceinFlandersandBelgiumfortheprocessingandarchivingofremotejectareprobablythebestindicatorsofthegrowinginterestinthiscentreofexpertise.IfVitoisattentionandeffortsdevotedinnational,Europeanandinternationalprogrammestothissub,andtheenormous ChapterIII.4–77

Intermsofbymeasurements.Itisselfevidentthatwherepossiblethesenewdevelopmentswillbevalidatedevaluationofnewmeasurementtechniquesintermsoftheirapplicabilityforenvironmentalproceduresforemission,immissionandworkplacemeasurements,orinconnectionwiththeofvarioussamplingandanalysisparticipatinginringtestsorcertificationexercisesattheEuropeanlevel.

fineparticles

evaluationtools

Thewithtrafficmodelsfortheevaluationoflocalmobilityplansfortheirenvironmentalimpact.emissionsandtransport,thedesignofadynamicexposuremodelandasanassessment,thelinkbetweeninternaldosesoreffectsandexternalexposure,TAPandIMSforthemodellingofment,TOXfortoxicologicalcharacterization,andfortheresearchintotherelationshipMIMisresponsibleforpreparing,testingandvalidatingsamplingandmeasurementequipexpertiseandthisshouldultimatelyleadtoanintegratedandscientificallybasedapproach.tise.MIM,TOX,TAP,andIMSeachmakeessentialcontributionsonthebasisoftheirownleavesalottobedesired.Itisalsospecialbecauseitexceedstheboundariesofacentreofexperforpublichealth,thoughthisriskisstillinsufficientlydefinedandthereforethecontrolstillprisinginviewoftheworldwidegrowingawarenessthatfineparticlesentailanimportantriskthesensethatithasattractedtheexplicitinterestoftheGovernmentofFlanders.Thisisnotsur.Itisspecialinaimsofthisprojectarebroadandambitiousandtherearegreatexpectations.

ChapterIII.4–78

preparationand/oroptimalisation

Fortheeffortsimagingmethodologiesandefficientarchivingtechniques.Thefuturemarketvalueofallthesedevelopmentofnewtypesofsensors,tothedevelopmentofadvancedveryhighresolutionmind,Vitoisplanningadetailedsetofstrategicresearchprojects,fromtheparticipationintheresources,knowledgeandtechniquesaswellasthoserequiredinthefuture.Withthisgoalinisrevealedbythehighlevelofexternalfinancialparticipation. environmentalmeasurements intenseinterestonthepartofthegovernmentintracingandmonitoring,a‘boomisexpectedinthenearfuture,aswellasan polybromidebiphe nylsandpolybromidebiphenylethers projectsrelatedtotheTheotherresearcheffortsforanalyticalmeasurementsaremoreconcernedwithshort-termurementenvironment.Vito’sintendedresearchpreparestosupporttheseanalyseswithanalyticalmeasreprocessedundoubtedlyleadstoenvironmentalproblems–bothintheworkplaceandintherenttrendtorecyclethissortofequipmentasfaraspossible,sothattheplasticisgroundupandbioaccumulationandhavedifferenttoxiceffectsonbothvertebratesandinvertebrates.Thecuralreadyclearanddisturbingindications.Thesesubstancesarepersistent,leadtoelectronicequipment.Althoughthetoxicologicalresearchonthisisstillinitsinfancy,thereareoftoxicity)wereoftenusedinthepastasfireinhibitorsinthecasingofcommonlyavailablegroupisacomplexcollectionofaverylargenumberofisomerswithstronglyvaryingdegrees.Bothofthesegroupsofsubstances(likedioxins,eachmethods.

Onespecialprojectconcernstheresearchinsupportofpolicyonabsolutelydevelopmentofamethodologyallowingtodeterminethereliabilityoftheseriskevaluationsisgovernment,demandsgreateffortsbecauseofitsextremecomplexity.Inthisrespecttheaspectinparticular,whichissteadilybecomingmoreimportantbothinindustryandforthereductionstrategies,thetransportofpollutantsingroundwaterandriskassessment.Thislastifnecessary.Thisappliesforlifecycleanalysis,dynamicanalysisofsubstanceflows,emissionrefinedandadaptedtothelatestinsightsandthateverythingshouldbevalidatedwithtestcasesarealsoconstantlyoptimalised,essential.

evaluationmethodologies, mentofamethodologywhichmakesitpossibletoevaluatetheattentionisfocusedinthefirstplaceonthedevelopsustainability Itisonlynormalthatinaddition,theexistingvirginterritoryanditisnecessarytotakeintoaccountthegrowinginterestofthegovernment.quiteachallengewhichmustbecarriedoutwiththenecessaryscope:afterall,thisisstillfairlytakesintoaccountboththeecologicalandtheeconomicandsocialaspects.Itisclearthatthisiscessesandtechnologiesonthebasisofascientificallysupported‘multicriteriaapproach’whichofproducts,pro-

Therefore the strategic research of M&E comprises: 1 technology field STO 17 strategic support tasks (SST) 7 strategic tasks in support of policy (SBO) BA41.04IWT grant for research at Institutes of higher remainknowledgefrominstitutesofhighereducationtoindustry.ThefundsforthisinthebudgetwillTheHOBUFunditselfwillbeconvertedintoa“technologyfund”,aimedatthetransferofupassoonasthestructuraldecreeonhighereducationisapprovedbytheFlemishparliament.9millionEURupto2006.Thefurtherrulesonproject-basedscientificresearchwillbedrawncoursesofonecycle.3millionEURisprovidedforthisin2003.ThiswillgraduallyincreasetoThedraftstructuraldecreeprovidesfundsforproject-basedscientificresearchfocusingonbecomehighereducation,itisclearthatseparatefundingprovisions,suchastheHOBUFund,willtakingintoaccounttheincreasingacademiccontentofthetwo-cyclecoursesatinstitutesofnatedandwilleventuallybethecompleteresponsibilityoftheassociations.Inthiscontext,andInthecontextofthestructuraldecreeonhighereducation,scientificresearchwillbecoordi-millionThefundsallocatedfor2003werereducedby3,000EURcomparedto2002,viz.,to2.949fundingbytheIWTin1997andin1998,18in1999,26in2000,24in2001,and26in2002.years,86,46,48and61filesweresubmittedrespectively,ofwhich20werefinallyselectedforforthisprogrammeeveryyear.Thebudgetwasraisedto5.925millionEURin2000.Inthese2002.Forthefirstthreeyears,theGovernmentofFlandersmade4.214millionEURavailableJanuary1997,FebruaryandNovember1998,December1999andNovember2000,2001andSincetheestablishmentofthisfund,sevencallsforproposalshavealreadybeenlaunched–inEUR.concerned.Aprojectrunsforatmosttwoyears,withabudgetofamaximumof309,867nologicalopportunitiesandtranslatethemintoapplicationsonshopfloorinthecompaniesactivelyinvolvedintheprojectasagroup.Theinstituteofhighereducationwilllookfortechvalorised.Aprojectshouldberelevantforatleastthreecompanies(mainlySMEs)whicharetechnologicalresearchprojectsofwhichtheresultscanbeclearlyeconomicallyand/orsociallymodalities.ThroughthisFundtheFlemishinstitutesofhighereducationreceivesupportforThemanagementofthisHOBUfundwasassignedtotheIWT,whichalsoworkedoutthetheirtogive(mainlysmall)businessesanopportunitytoremaininformedaboutdevelopmentsinvaloriseresearchatFlemishinstitutesofhighereducation.Ontheotherhand,theprojectaimsofhighereducationinFlanders(HOBUfund).Thishadatwofoldaim.Firstly,topromoteandSince1997,thissubsidyhasservedtopromoteandsupporttechnologicalresearchatinstituteseducationsectorthroughtheseinstitutesofhighereducation.EUR.partofthisfundamentalreform.atthe2002level(6millionEUR). ChapterIII.4–79

ChapterIII.4–80

Chapter III.5 The Sectoral Science Policy ChapterIII.5 1.COORDINATIONthealsocoveredindetailinChapterIII.6.Theusualorderofdepartmentswasfollowedhereformentisalsopartofthe“realsciencepolicy”from2002,togetherwithdepartment71.ThisisHowever,itshouldbepointedoutthatorganisationdepartment33oftheEducationDepart-7.Science,6.Environment5.Economics,4.Welfare,3.Education2.General1.CoordinationsevenThediscussionfollowsthestructureoftheadministrativebudgetforeachdepartment.ThethanThischapterdescribesthemostimportantscientificpolicyinitiativestakingplaceinfieldsotherorganisationdepartment71.Thisservestosupportandoutlinethepolicyinthisfield.departmentsare:AffairsandFinancePublicHealthandCultureEmployment,HomeAffairsandAgricultureandInfrastructureInnovationandMediadistributionoftheadministrativebudget.DEPARTMENT OA 11 Chancellery and Information Administration Programme 11.3Chancellery BA 12.04Research, study and expertise costs related to state introduceTheSpecialActsof13July2002arethelegalreflectionoftheLambermontAgreementandinstitutions.Flemishlevelsofgovernment.ThisshouldincreasetheadministrativestrengthoftheGovernmentofFlandersaimstomodifythedistributionofpowersbetweenthefederalandstepsmustbetakentomakechangesintheadministrationinFlanders.Inparticular,theTheGovernmentManifestooftheGovernmentofFlandersstatesthatattheinstitutionallevel,reformThestartingpointsforthisshouldbe:responsibility,subsidiarityandsolidarity.importantchangesforthepowersandfundingoftheCommunitiesandRegions. ChapterIII.5–81

states.whichareconcernedwiththepoliticalstructureofthefederalstateofBelgiumanditsfederatedbasisofagreements.ThemainbeneficiariesareusuallyuniversitiesandscientificinstitutesExternalexpertisemaybeusedtoachievethis.Studiesandresearcharecommissionedontheautonomy–permanentstudiesandresearchareneededtoputthelegalrulesintopractice.Consequently,thereisaneedforpermanentreflectiononthedesirabledevelopmentofFlemishwithlegislativeperiod,suchasthebigdifferencesinexpenditurebetweenFlandersandWalloniamanifesto,thoughotherpointsconcerningstatereformremainontheFlemishagendaforthisThisnewstepinstatereformhelpstoachievesomeoftheimportantaimsofthegovernmentregardtohealthcare. Programme 11.4The Equal Opportunities Policy tunitiesThefollowingobjectivesspecificallyhavepriorityfortheSupportCentrefortheEqualOpporportResearchfocusingonproblemswhicharerelevanttopolicyisthemostimportanttaskofasupOpportunitiesFrom2002,theSupportCentrereceives0.248millionEURperyearfromEqualfirstManagementagreementsrunningforfiveyearsareconcludedwiththeSupportCentres,theisedin12supportcentres,includingtheSupportCentrefortheEqualOpportunitiesPolicy.consideredtohaveprioritybytheGovernmentofFlanders.Thisstructuralfundingisorganentedresearch.Itwasdecidedtofundtheseinastructuralwayinfieldsorsubjectswhichare(VR/2000/0806/DOC0503)tothemainlinesforthereformoftheprogrammeonpolicy-oriOn8June2000,theGovernmentofFlandersinprinciplegaveitsapproval0.248BABAwomen,CurrentlytheFlemishequalopportunitiespolicyisworkingwithsixtargetgroups:menandandexplicitthresholdsaretackledonthebasisofresearch.Centresarediscoveredandestablishedthem.Itisimportanttopreventnewinequalitiesfrombeingcreated,andthereforeimplicitandaimedatrevealingtheactualinequalitiesinsociety,anddiscussing,andaboveall,removingEqualOpportunitiesareanewbasicconditionofdemocracy.Theequalopportunitiespolicyisexpertiseforapermanentinputforthepreparationandsupportofpolicy,aswellasbuildinguprelevantpolicyarea,whichisalsobecomingmoreimportantattheinternationallevel.ThereisaneedresearchandthecollectionofdataarethereforeprioritiesforthecontinuedexpansionofthisIntheFlemishcontext,equalopportunitiesisarelativelynewpolicyarea(1995).Supportingandcreatingasingleidentifiablecontactpoint.measurementdataarecollectedandprocessed.homosexuals,lesbians,andbisexuals,thedisabled,theelderlyandchildren.12.02Expenditurerelatedtoresearch33.50SubsidyfortheSupportCentrefortheEqualOpportunitiesPolicymillionEURisallocatedtoeachoftheseBAsforresearch.runningfortheperiod2001-2006.(upto2006).centre.Inaddition,itcollectsdataandprovidesscientificservicesforthegovernment.Policy:•Structuringresearchrelevanttopolicyinordertocreatecontinuityinthecollectionofdataandinformationrelatedtorelevanttopics•Thepresentationofdataandinformationtosupporttheoperationofthe‘EqualOpportunitiesinFlanders’unit ChapterIII.5–82

• characterTocreateaddedvalueonthebasisofaninterdisciplinaryapproachandtheinteruniversityofresearch • increaseThecontinuedinstitutionalisationofexisting“embryos”,suchaswomen’sstudies,totheefficiencyofresearchanditsPRvalueinrelationtosociety • theTocreatecontinuityinthescientificattentiondevotedtoequalopportunitiesandtoexpandexistingexpertiseinthisfield • tunitiestotheproposedtopics,butwhichareimportantforpolicy,willbeproposedbyEqualOppor-beinvestedinseparatecommissionsforScientificResearch.SubjectswhichdonotcorrespondInadditiontothe0.248millionEURfortheSupportCentreitself,theother0.248millionwillIntegrationResearchintothetargetgroupofthedisabledisfundedbytheFlemishFundfortheSocialregardsemphasisingthetargetgroupofwomen.TheresearchersweregiventhefollowingindicationasTheresearchprogrammemustdevoteattentiontothevarioustargetgroups,thoughchildren.targetgroups:women,homosexuals,lesbiansandbisexuals,immigrants,theelderlyandTheSupportCentreforEqualOpportunitieswillpromotetheinterestsofthefivefollowingToputanendtothefragmentationofthisaspectofpolicybydrawingupaninclusivepolicythedistributionoftheprogrammeamongstthevarioustargetgroups:•women:40%•immigrants:20%•homosexuals,lesbiansandbisexuals:20%•theelderlyandchildren:20%oftheDisabled.inFlanders. OA 12Foreign Policy Administration Programme 12.1General Foreign Policy Thetoitsfullpotentialinaninternationalenvironmentwhentheregionisknownandrecognised.coalitionsandalsohaveastronglycoordinatingcharacter.Flanderswillonlybeabletofunctionsituation,andmustadoptanincreasinglyproactiveapproachinthecreationofinternationalApolicywhichwishestobesuccessfulmustrespondflexiblytothechanginginternationalFlemishForeignPolicyisthereforebasedonthefollowingmissionstatement: justiceintheNorthandSouth.”drawupaninternationalpolicyfocusingonsustainable,ecologicalandeconomicprosperityandsocialfaraspossible.Withinthescopeofitscompetence,FlandersaimstoachieveabetterEuropeandhelpto“TogiveFlandersafaceintheworldbypromotingitsinterestsanddefendingbasichumanvaluesas theallocation.InrecentyearsthishasconcernedboththefundingofspecificscientificprojectsandResearchprojectsrelatedtoFlemishforeignpolicyarefundedattheexpenseofthisbasicBAandtionalstability.Furthermore,Flanderswouldliketopresentitselfwithitsownculturalidentityimpactontheinternationaldecision-makingprocess,andmakingacontributiontointernaTheinterestsespousedbyFlanderscomprisethecreationofprosperity,acquiringacertainrevealahighdegreeofopennesstoculturaldiversity.12.40ResearchandstudieswithregardtotheFlemishforeignpolicyco-fundingofprojectsinthecontextoftheProgrammeforPolicy-orientedResearch. ChapterIII.5–83

outercooperationwiththecountriesoftheEuropeanforthedevelopmentofaformofbilateralResearchinsupportofpolicyisalsostartingin2003FlandersandtheoutercircleofEuropeisshrinking.Asaresultoftheenlargement,thedistancebetweenRomania.remainingcandidatememberstates,BulgariaandwhateffortsFlanderscanmakewithregardtothewiththesecountries.Inaddition,thestudylooksatcontinuetodevelopitspresenceinandrelationshipshavejoined,thequestionariseshowFlanderscanship.Nowthat10ofthe12candidatememberstatesitiestomeettheconditionsofentryforEUmemberofCentralandEasternEuropesupportedtheiractiv-effortsmadebyFlanderswithregardtothecountriesshouldbeadapted.Alargeproportionofthecurrenthowthecooperationwiththenewmemberstatesresearchstudiesin2003.ThefirststudywillexamineernEurope.ThereforeFlanderswillinitiatetworelationshipswiththecountriesinCentralandEast-mentoftheEUin2004anditseffectontheexistingFlandersalsoattachesimportancetotheenlarge-UniversityencesoftheCatholicUniversityofLeuvenandthecarriedoutbytheFacultiesofLawandPoliticalSciresearchwillcontinueuptoMarch2003andwillbeEU’sIntergovernmentalConferencein2004.ThisresearchtopreparetheFlemishviewpointsfortheIn2002,theGovernmentofFlandersfundedoffor2004,butwillprobablybeheldinthesecondhalfinstitutionalreforms.ThisconferencewasplannedintergovernmentalconferencewhichwilldraftthesePresidency)wastopavethewayforthenextTheLakenDeclaration(attheendoftheBelgianexternally,andtoimproveitsoperationinthefuture.UnionforitsexpansioninternallyaswellasreformswerenecessarytopreparetheEuropeanreformsoftheEuropeanUnion.TheseinstitutionalthefutureofEurope,topreparefortheinstitutionalwouldliketostartthebroadestpossibledebateonofstateandgovernmentleadersindicatedthattheyFollowingtheNiceDeclaration,theEuropeanheads2003.ofGhent.ring. ChapterIII.5–84

2.GENERAL AFFAIRS AND FINANCE DEPARTMENT OA 21.1Planning and Statistics Administration Programme 21.1Planning and Statistics incorporatedfromthattimeinanewagency,oneoftheprimeminister’sdivisions:“ThePlanningandStatisticsadministrationceasedtoexistatthebeginningof2003,andwas thestudy divisionoftheGovernmentofFlanders ingexpertlyexploringandindicatingvarioussocialeffectsandnewpolicychallenges.ThefollowTheaimisforthedivisiontodevelopastheuniqueauthorityinFlandersbyproactivelyandandindependentantennawhichreceivesalltheimportantandbroadsocialsignalsandprocessesandstimulateittoimplementanintegratedandfuture-orientedpolicy.ItservesasanItsmissionistoformulatepolicyrecommendationswhichsupporttheGovernmentofFlanders”.presentstheseinamannerthatisrelevanttopolicy.strategicobjectivesareproposedforthispurpose:•bythenextgovernmentnegotiations,a thoroughandbroadanalysisoftheenvironment mustbe available; • tomakea transversalmultidisciplinarycontributiontopolicyplans atthefirstpolicycycleafter Better Administrative Policy, based on a broad analysis of the environment; • environmenttopresentthemethodologyandsupportforthemonitoringofpolicyandtheanalysisofthebythe13ministriesintheimplementationofBetterAdministrativePolicy; • to develop a relevantsetofenvironmentalindicators; • to carry out a number of cross-sectoralstudieswhichhaveanimpactonpolicy; • to give Flanders a place in the national and international system of statistics; • toreducethe pressureofsurveysingeneral andincreasethe qualityofsurveys commissionedby the Government of TheemphasiswillbemoreonthescientificanalysisoftheavailabledataandthedatatobecolAll(4)toimprovetheuseofstatisticsinthepreparation,implementationandevaluationofpolicy.(3)toexpandtheavailablerangeofcomparableinternationalreferencestatisticsina(2)todeterminetheprioritiesformeetingtheinformationneedswhicharelinkedtothe(1)toimprovethecoordinationoftheFlemishstatisticalsystemwiththedevelopmentofaPolicyTheobjectivesofthecurrentPlanningandStatisticsadministration(shownintheStatisticsFlanders.Memorandum)areinparticular:one-stopstatisticalcentre;monitoringofpolicy;demographic,macroeconomicandculturalandsocialcontext;andtheselargelycontinuetoapplyinthenewtasks.lectedandontheformulationofpolicyrecommendationsupportedbythese(evidence-basedpolicy).ThestudydivisionfortheGovernmentofFlanderswillabovealloutlinethebroadcontext(transversal)andmonitorthedevelopmentsintheenvironmentitself(environmentalindicators).Thedepartmentsinthevariousministriesareresponsibleforthe(sectoral)monitoringoftheirpolicyareas.Thepolicymemorandumandtherelatedbudgetfor2003aredrawnuponthebasisoftheinputofthePlanningandStatisticsadministration.Infact,thecurrentintroductorystageoftheBetterAdministrativePolicyhasnotyetrevealedwhichactivitiesofthenewpartner,theCentreforPopulationandFamilyStudies(CBGS)willbecontinuedinthisagencyorintheinformationcentreoftheMinistryofWelfareandHealth.Theavailablefundsforthestudydivisionwill ChapterIII.5–85

• givepolicyattheFlemishlevelinamoreintegratedwayandonafuture-orientedbasis,andcouldfeasibilitystudycouldexaminethemeritsofthesemodelssothatthiscouldsupporttheweredevelopedforsectoralpurposes(theMIRAmodelforenvironmentalreports).APlanningAgency,theIRESmodeloftheWalloonstudydivisionISE,etc.),ormodelswhichTherearealreadymodelsusedbyothergovernmentdepartments(theHermesmodeloftheeconometricmodelsinresponsetodemandsbythegovernmentorontheirowninitiative.allsortsofsimulationexercises,structuralanalyses,etc.,andhaveaccesstopowerfulviewtoformulatingpolicyrecommendations.Forthispurpose,itmustbeabletoproduceThestudydivisionwouldliketobereadyforthegeneralpolicyofthegovernment,withascenarios,Thedevelopmentandapplicationofsuitableinstrumentsforprognoses,simulationsandimpactanalyses,(suchastheregionalinput-outputtable);adviceonitsusefulness,withproposalsforpossibleimprovements.

ChapterIII.5–86

• thearecontractedouttoamarketresearchagency.Thescientificcommitteewillalsomonitorcarriedoutin2003ontheattitudetolifelonglearningandnewtechnologies.Theinterviewsbackgroundvariablesandmodulesonvaluesandattitudes,anewsurvey(2001)willbeThisisaface-to-facesurveycarriedouton1,500Flemishpeople.InadditiontothesetFlemishItsownsurvey,suchastheannualAPSsurveyintothevalues,attitudesandbehaviourofpeoplewithregardtosociallyrelevantissues;qualityoftheselection.

TheStatisticstheyears:24.7%in2000and25.3%in1999.ThenumberofpersonnelinthePlanningandetc.Theshareofthecategoryofexpenditure“commissionstobecontractedout”hasfallenovercommissioned,fieldworksurveys,ICTdraftstudies,purchasingdata,printingofpublications,expenditure(seeperformancebudget),ofwhich21%wasspentonstudiesthatwereBywayofinformation,itcanbesaidthatin2001,APSrecordedatotalof2,294,762EURofinstitutes,(APS),andlatertheagency,canhaveaccessforcommissionscontractedouttoresearchProgramme21.1indicatesthefundstowhichthePlanningandStatisticsadministrationofyear.Ofthesepolicyfunds,61%isintendedforpolicy-orientedresearchandtheorganisationThefundsallocatedtoBA12.02amounttoasumof0.877millionEURforthe2003budgetstatisticsBA12.02Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheactivitiesandproductsforplanningandthebeadjustedontheoccasionofthenextbudgetcontrolfollowingtheofficialestablishmentofagency(IVA).surveys.externalconsultants,ICTsupporters,etc.administrationincreasedfrom19.75FTEin1999to25.07FTEin2001.activitiesmustresultin:•A draftgeneralenvironmentalanalysis for the next period of thedevelopment,thedevelopmentofeconomiccentresandtrafficcongestion,innovationandtownandcountryplanningandlong-termecologicalconsiderations,urbanversusruralprosperity,nexttothelesspositiveperceptionoftheFlemishpeopleabouttheirwelfare,explanationforthediscussionon(apparently)conflictingissues–suchasincreasingexample,therecouldbepopulationprojections,macroeconomicprospects,aswellasanenvironmentalanalysisprovidesabroadframeworkofreferenceforsectoralpolicy.ForcyclefortheGovernmentofFlanderswillbebasedontransversalthemes.TheTheenvironmentalanalysiswhichintroducesthefirststageofanewpolicyandmanagementwiththepossibleconsequencesoropportunitiesfortheGovernmentofFlanders–andifpossible,environmentalanalysisin2003,listingtrends,threats(problems),andchallenges,aswellasnegotiations(June2004),astartmustbemadeonthepreparationsforthegeneralcompetenceswithregardtoscientificresearch.Toprepareforthenewgovernmentselectionofpersonnelforthestudydivision,agreatdealofattentionwillbedevotedtotheThiswillmainlybecarriedoutwithinternalmanpower.Infact,fortherecruitmentandgovernment;anumberofpolicyscenariosandalternativesolutions.useofnewtechnologyandthedigitaldivideinvulnerablegroups,etc.

price.andeffortstoachievethebestpossibleandmostreliableresponse,obviouslyallcomeatacarryingoutthesurveys,thefollow-upoftheprocessthatisrequired,theproductevaluationThehighqualityrequirementswithregardtotrainingandtheprofessionalismofthepeople • efficientlycertaintargetgroupsbymeansofshorttelephonesurveys.ThiscanbedonequicklyandInaddition,currentpolicyoptionscanbecomparedtotheviewsofthepopulationorofbycontractingoutthesurveystoroutinemarketresearchagencies. • Reports with results of studies and the monitoring of policy moredetailedfiguresattheFlemishlevel.Supportfortheregionalpolicyrequiresspecificstaimportanttradepartners(e.g.,KleurrijkVlaanderen,LisbonSummit)increasestheneedforTheincreaseinattentiontomonitoringpolicyandthebenchmarkingwithotherregionsorobjectivesOneofthenewactivitiesin2003isthereportfollowinguptheextenttowhichthe21quarterlybetweenFlandersandEUregionsonthebasisofanumberofkeyindicatorsandthefield,forthedifferentpolicyareas,ProfileVlaanderenwhichlooksatthebenchmarkingincludeVRIND,whichdescribesaseriesofpolicyindicators(outputandeffects)foreveryageneralpictureoftheperformanceslinkedtogovernmentmeasuresandtheireffect.Theseusefulbackgroundinformationfororganisations,companiesandinterestedcitizensandgiveThePlanningandStatisticsadministrationhasaseriesofstandardreportswhichprovideaffects;economicreports.oftheVilvoordePactwereachieved.tisticswhichcorrespondtotheFlemishregulations.Inordertousethefundsasefficientlyaspossibleandreduceexcessivesurveysofcitizensandcompanies,itisthereforenecessarytofirstexaminewhetheritispossibletousesecondarysourcematerial,andthenwhetheritispossibletoworkwithotheragencies.ThePlanningandStatisticsadministrationhasbeenidentifiedasthecontactforsurveyscommissionedbytheGovernmentofFlanders.Theinventory,whichalreadyincludes166registereditems,canbeconsultedontheweb.Cooperationwithotherlevelsofgovernmentorresearchinstitutescantakedifferentforms.Forexample,itispossibletoaskforrandomsamplestobeverybroadranging,sothattheresultsarerepresentativeforthewholeofFlanders(e.g.,largersizesofrandomsamplesinthemonthlysurveysoftheNationalBankofBelgium,onconsumerconfidence).Itisalsopossibleforadditionalmodulestobeincludedinsurveyswhicharealreadystandardisedortonegotiateonthedefinitionstobeused–sothattheinformationtobecollectedalsobecomesrelevantforFlemishpolicy.Thethirdeditionof“ VlaanderenGepeild! thoroughanalysisoftheavailableAPSsurveymaterial–startingwithanumberofrelevantsur”isplannedin2003withtheaimofmakingamoreveyquestions,andtoevaluateexistingtheoreticalmodelsagainstthesituationinFlanders.Finally,co-fundingisprovidedeveryyearforcarryingouttheresearchprogrammeoftherecognisedSupportCentreforAdministrativeOrganisation(25,000EUR).Byparticipatinginthesteeringgroup,thecontentoftheannualprogrammescanalsobetakenintoaccountinthecontextoftheapprovedmanagementagreement.TheinvolvementofAPSisgreatestintheresearchonthequalityofthemonitoringandindicators. ChapterIII.5–87

OA 24Budgeting, Accounting and Financial AdministrationManagement Programme 24.4Direct debt expenditure.EUR(capitalrepayment)fortheseitemsofmillionEUR(interestpayment)and28.0milliontheinterestdue.Thebudgetfor2003hasallocated5.4Thefallinthedebtalsoimmediatelyresultsinafallin(academicBA91.05Capitalrepaymentofuniversities’loansector)BA21.05Interestonuniversities’loan(academictakendebtof115.3millionEURoftheseuniversityloansAtthebeginningof2003,thereisstillanoutstandingdebt(academicsector)thiswastransferredtothedirectTogetherwiththenon-consolidateduniversityloanstogetherinasingleoverallloanof215.0millionEUR.universityloans(academicsector)wasbroughtForexample,in1998asignificantproportionofthethesefromotherpubliclawlegalentities.Therefinancingofbudgetdeficit,orwhichittookovercontractuallyCommunityhastakenoutinthepasttofunditsownDirectdebtsaretheloanswhichtheFlemishloansalsoconstitutesdirectdebt.oftheFlemishCommunity.overin1998.sector) Programme 24.8Indirect debt 2003.2.1millionEURisallocatedforthisinthebudgetforrealuniversitiesandtheUZGhenttofundinvestmentsinBA40.03Interestdueonloanstakenoutbytheatinginsignificantreductionsandcreditreallocations,crebasisofnegotiationsandearlyrepaymentshasresultedInbothdebtsectors,activedebtmanagement,onthelawregardtoloanswhichweretakenoutbyotherpublicduewhichtheFlemishCommunityhastakenonwithIndirectdebtsarethecapitalrepaymentsandinterestlegalentities,orbylowerlevelsofgovernment.roominthebudgetfornewinitiatives.estate. ChapterIII.5–88

3.EDUCATION DEPARTMENT trationOA33HigherEducationandScientificResearchAdminisalsoTheOrganisationDivisionOA33,togetherwithOA71,determinestheactualsciencepolicy–seethefollowingChapterIII.6. Programme 33.1Education at Institutes of Higher Education Theinstitutesofhighereducationmustachievethesocialeducation.Intheinterestsofsociety,theyareactiveatthesametimeinthefieldsofeducation,educationpossibleinFlanders.ThisisachievedwiththecooperationoftheinstitutesofhigherDepartmentofInstitutesofHigherEducation:makinggoodqualityandaffordablehigherThepolicyfieldsthatProgramme33.1concentratesonareincludedinthemainobjectiveoftheservicesandpossiblyproject-basedscientificresearch. threedimensions oftheirtasksunderthe decree in realistic interaction: • education at institutes of higher education; • social services; • project-based scientific research This follows from the decree on institutes of higher education of 13 July ducedFor2003,thesefundsamountto5.071millionEUR.From2007,anewmodelwillbeintro2006.highereducationinFlanders,extrafundsareneededforthis.Thesefundsareallocateduptoscientificactivities.InaccordancewithArticle6§5ofthedraftdecreeontherestructuringoftheirgoal:toeducatestudentstoalevelofknowledgeandcompetencewhichcorrespondstotinuedevelopingtheacademiccontentofthecoursesandensurethatmaster’sdegreesachieveThenewbasicallocation40.11providesextrafundsforinstitutesofhighereducationtoconBAelectronicyearby0.549millionEURforthepurchaseofthesebibliographicdatafilesandjournalsininstitutes),theenvelopeforinstitutesofhighereducationisincreasedfromthe2003budgetfilesandjournalsinelectronicformforuniversities,institutesofhighereducationandresearchGovernmentofFlandersof14December2001(regardingthepurchaseofbibliographicdataThebudgetfor2003amountsto516.775millionEUR.InpursuanceofthedecisionoftheBAcoursesgraduatecourses,andstrengthensproject-basedscientificresearchandaconversionofexistingalsolaysdowntheperipheralconditionsforthedevelopmentofthescientificcomponentofthetheGovernmentofFlanderson5July2002,andsubmittedtotheCouncilofStateforadvice,ThedraftdecreeontherestructuringofhighereducationinFlanders,approvedinprincipleby1994.intotheBachelor-Masterstructure.40.02Envelopeforeducationatinstitutesofhighereducationform.Thesefundsareaddedtotheenvelopeasaseparatenewitem.40.11SubsidiestoincreasetheacademiccontentofthegraduatecoursesFromthebudgetyear2003,theyareadaptedtotheindex.forthebudgetforthewholeofhighereducationinFlanders. ChapterIII.5–89

Programme 33.2University Education Togetherwiththeuniversities,thegovernmentthereforeworksoutapolicytoprovidesivelyfields.Thereisalsoafourthdimensionoftheirtaskunderthedecree,whichmustbeprogrestaskunderthedecreewiththebestpossibleinteractionandstandardsofexcellenceinallthreescientificresearchandscientificservices.TheyhavetoachievethesethreedimensionsoftheirIntheinterestsofsociety,theFlemishuniversitiesworkinthefieldsofacademiceducationandresearchersProgramme33.2focusesonuniversitystudentsinFlanders,theFlemishuniversities,universityandsomeotherinstitutesofacademiceducationandresearch.developedfurther:permanenteducationandlifelonglearning. afford able and highquality tinueyoungFlemishpeopleasfaraspossible,inaninternationalperspective.Thepolicymustconuniversityprovisions,whichmeetthepresentandfutureneedsofmainlytosupportan improvementinthequality of university universitiesandthefundsmadeavailablebythegovernmentbymeansofdifferentfundingsysThegovernmentistryingtoachievethebestpossiblebalancebetweentheperformancesoftheSources:researchgnaDeclaration)fortheoptimalisationofhighereducationandtostrengthenthebasisoftionofthebachelor’sandmaster’sdegreesinacademiceducation(inaccordancewiththeBolo-withtheexecutionoftheFundingDecreeof7December2001.Withaviewtotheintroduc-ofthefundingarrangementoftheFlemishuniversities.Thesubsidieswillbefurtherincreasedreformsofhighereducation,inaccordancewiththeBolognaAgreementandwiththerevisionImprovinguniversityeducationasfaraspossibleisinextricablylinkedwiththestructuralchangesTheuniversitiesmustthereforebeprovidedwithfundstorespondappropriatelytothemanytheTheFlemishauthoritieswillmaintainfreeaccesstouniversityeducation,andcontinuetoadopteducation.principlethatthecostsarelargelycoveredbythecommunity.inthescientific,technological,socialandacademicfields.relatedtothis,theoperatingfundsfor2003arechangedasfollows:•theadditionoffundsforfurthereducationtothepermanent(fixed)operatingfunds;•thestructuralallocationofadditionaloperatingfundstotheuniversitiesunderspecificconditions;•thestructuraladditiontotheoperatingsubsidiesoftheformerlycentrallymanagedfundsforsubscriptionstobibliographicfilesandscientificjournalsinelectronicformtosupportscientificresearch.•theDecreeof12June1991ontheuniversitiesintheFlemishCommunity;•theDecreeof18May1999onsomepublicinstitutesforpost-initialeducation,scientificresearchandscientificservices;•theDecreeof7September2001ontherevisionofthefundingoftheuniversitiesoftheFlemishCommunityandaccompanyingprovisions;•thedraftDecreeontherestructuringofhighereducationinFlanders;•thedraftDecreeonEducationXIV;•theFlemishGovernmentManifesto;•theSeptemberDeclarationof23September2002.tems(operationalsubsidies,supplementsoflegalemployers’contributions,investmentsubsidies,subsidiesforsocialprovisions).TheFlemishgovernmentmanifestoclearlystatesthatthedeficitsinoperationalsubsidiesfortheuniversitieswillhavetobemadeupintheshortterm.Theseconsiderationsalsoapplyfortheconversionofacademiccoursesintobachelorandmaster’sdegrees. ChapterIII.5–90

operatingfunds Thecurrentsystemofexaminedthesubmissionofaneducationaldevelopmentplan.TheGovernmentofFlandershasthisplanthesebudgetsaredividedandexpresslyallocatedtotheinstitutes,whichreceivethemsubjecttowhichareavailabletotheuniversitiesinastructuralway.Atthemoment,byexpertstoensurethatitissound.

additional

Inpursuanceofthefundingdecreeof7December2001,theoperatingenvelopeisstilldeterofInordertoputthesecondaspectofthestrategicobjectiveintopractice–toimprovethequalitytheuniversityeducationthatisprovided–thegovernmenthasthefollowingobjectives:•thestructuralreformofhighereducationinaccordancewiththeBolognaDeclaration;•theimprovementofacademiceducationrelatedtothis;•strongercooperationbetweeninstitutesofhighereducationanduniversities;•transparentqualificationswithanemphasisonquality;•thereviewofthefundingarrangementfortheFlemishuniversitiesafter2006.minedindependentlyofstudents.Thenexistinganomaliesinthefundingarrangementareremovedbytheannualinjectionofcapital.Withaviewtotheabove-mentionedconversionofacademiccourses,theadditionalfundsforstrengtheningacademicresearchandthechangesineducationareconvertedinto

qualitycontrolandmonitoring oneducationXII,issupplementedwithameta-evaluationwithaviewtoconvertingtheaca,whichisstrengthenedbythedecreedemicdegrees.Becauseoftheincreasinginternationalisation,thequalitycontrolmusttranscendthelimitsoftheregion.Theintroductionofanindependent accreditation Finally,thegovernmentwishestopromotetheits)systemofaccreditation.Inordertoachievethis,theexistingqualitycontrol(thesystemofvis-pean”standard.Forthispurpose,agreementswillhavetobemade,eventuallyresultinginsomepublicaccountability.Inthenearfuture,courseswillhavetocomplywithaminimum“Euro-pendentinstrumentforaccountabilityandmonitoring,whichwasmissinginthecontextofminimumqualityrequirementsimposed.Atthesametime,thegovernmentacquiresaninde-thevisits,individualvisitsarefollowedup.Thisshouldrevealwhichcoursescomplywiththeresponsibilityoftheinstitutes.Bycommissioninganindependentorgantoassessthequalityofstrengthentheexisting(internal)qualitycontrol.Thequalitycontrolofthecontentisstilltheshouldfurtherandtheaccreditationmustgohandinhand. internationalaspect budgetThebudgetfor2003willcontinuetodevelopthepolicyoptionswhichformedthebasisforthescientificTheoperationalsubsidiescontributetocoveringtheordinaryexpensesforacademiceducation,below)lionEURofadditionaloperationalsubsidiesfortheuniversities–BAMA(BA44.63–seesidiesincreasedin2003by26.356millionEUR,includingthenormalindexation.7.220milThetotalfundsfortheseBAsamountto547.558millionEUR.TheordinaryoperationalsubuniversitiesBA41.20,41.27,44.79,44.81,44.82,44.85and44.86OperationalsubsidiesforFlemishgovernmentimportantelementintheprofileofeveryinstitute.However,initsownpolicypriorities,thefuture.Itisprimarilyuptotheuniversitiestodevelopanetworkofinternationalcontacts–anandpromoteresearch.Givingprioritytointernationalcooperationisawayofpreparingfortheofuniversityeducation,canprovideanumberofincentives.mustbeaddedtothesefunds.research,scientificservices,aswellastheadministrationoftheFlemishuniversities.in2001and2002:•thestructuralincreaseinthebudgetfortheoperationalsubsidiesoftheuniversities(theso-calledbasicfunding);•theimprovementofthequalityofacademiceducationandthepromotionofinnovation,includingthedevelopmentofeducationalmaterialssuitableforself-studyanddigitaleducation; ChapterIII.5–91

• examinations);suitablelearningenvironmentsforthis(studyandteachingmaterials,supervisionandthedevelopmentoflifelonglearning,retrainingandin-servicetrainingandthecreationof • to improve the provision of academic education; • to convert the existing courses into bachelor’s and master’s FlemishgovernmentmanifestoemphasisestheimportanceofadecentworkingenvironmentThefinancialcostsarisingfromloansforinvestmentexpenditurecanalsobepaidwiththis.Theservicesandadministration.Thisincludestherealestateusedforheavyscientificequipment.rebuilding,maintenanceandmajorrepairstorealestateusedforeducation,research,scientificusedfortheexpenditurearisingdirectlyfromtheacquisition,establishmentorexpansion,Investmentfundsof22.437millionEURisprovidedfortheFlemishuniversities.ThismustbeBAfederalthelowerRSZcontributionsoftheprivateuniversities,resultingfromthedecisionofthefortheincreasingexpensesofgroupinsurancesofthefreeuniversities).Thistookintoaccountamendedfundingregulation,tomeetrequirementsoftheprivateuniversities(tocompensateofsupplementaryfundsforArticle136oftheUniversityDecree,alsointroducedthroughthe16.885millionEURisallocatedforthisBA.Theincreaseinthesefundsisduetotheaddition12.06.91)BA44.60Legalandconventionalemployers’contributionsforfreeuniversities(Decreeofestatecoverstheacquisition,establishmentorexpansion,rebuilding,maintenanceandrepairsofrealcosts,equipment,andthefinancialcostsofthesocialprovisionsofstudents.ThisBAalsoThesesocialsubsidies(14.343millionEUR)contributetocoveringthecostsofstaff,operatingBAspecificmethodofallocationandtheconditionschange.Theobjectivehasalsobecomemuchmoretermsofthebudget,nothingisaddedtothearrangementsofthefundingdecree.Onlytheensurethataneducationaldevelopmentplanandafinalevaluationaresubmittedbyexperts.Instructuralway,providedtheuniversitycomplieswiththeconditionsthatareimposed:tointroductionofbachelors’andmasters’degrees.TheseareallocatedinthestructuraldecreeinaTheFlemishuniversitieswillreceiveadditionaloperationalfundswithaviewtothecompetitionInaccordancewiththefundingdecreeforrestructuringacademiceducation,andonthebasisofBAintegrationtion–ontheotherhand,itmakesthespecialsubsidyforscientificresearchpermanent.Thisfilestosupportresearch(transferfromProgramme71.2).ThissimplifiesthefundingregulaThefixedoperationalsubsidieswerealsoincreasedwithfundsfortheprimaryandsecondarynomicallyextendedto2006.Thegovernmentwillusethisperiodtodrawupaneducationallyandecothetransitionalperiodfrom2003to2006.Thetransitionalperiodfortheuniversitiesismentinprinciple,introducesananalogousregulationforinstitutesofhighereducationduringtributionoftheadditionalfunds.Thedraftofthestructuraldecree,approvedbythegovernoperationalsubsidiesisincreasedinplannedstages,andanyanomaliesarecorrectedinthedisDecree.Fixedsumswereallocatedforthetransitionalperiod2001-2004.TheoverallsumofThefundingdecreeof7December2001abandonedthecostingmodelofthe1991Universitydegrees.acceptablecostingmodel,tobeintroducedfrom2007.correspondswiththepolicyofpromotingbasicscientificresearch.44.63AdditionalBAMAoperationalfundsfortheuniversitiesavailabletotheuniversities,theadditionalfundswillberedirectedfrom2003.–withoutdetractingfromtheinitialobjectives.40.73Subsidyforsocialprovisionsforstudents(Decreeof12June1991,Art.140bis)usedforsocialfacilities.governmenttoreducesalarycosts.60.12Capitaltransfersforrealestateinvestmentsforuniversityeducation ChapterIII.5–92

introducedogyforcalculatingtheBOFkeyfor2003.Afurtherimprovementofthemethodologywillbedistributionkey.OnthebasisoftheVLIRadvice,theSteeringGroupperfectedthemethodoluniversityisgiventhechancetoverifyandvalidatethebibliographicresearchdatausedinthealltheFlemishuniversitiesintheSteeringGroupresponsibleforthesupervision.Infact,everyInordertoensurethatthesedataarepresentedinatransparentway,therearerepresentativesofSupportCentre,recognisedandfundedbytheGovernmentofFlanders(alsoseechapterIII.4).SCIENCEistechnicallyaverycomplexmatter,andisoneofthetasksoftheR&DStatisticsTheprocessofextractingthebasicdataonpublicationsandreferencesfromtheWEBofposedpublicationsintoaccount.Thepreliminarydraftdecisionincludedthedistributionkeyprokey,whichtakescientificproductivityandtheinternationalstatusofthejournalscontainingthethenextstage,itispossibletoconsiderincludingmorecomplexindicatorsinthedistributionpublications,inthedistributionkeyasawayofmeasuringtheresearchperformance.DuringnumberofpublicationsincludedintheWEBofSCIENCE,andthereferencestoitinotherFlemishInteruniversityCouncil.Ititsadviceof15March2002,theVLIRsuggestedusingthedegrees.TheFlemishMinisterofEducationandTrainingaskedforadviceonthisfromtheincludepublicationandcitationdatainthedistributionkey,aswellasthedataonfundingandthebasicdisciplinesofthetechnicalsciences.Thereforeitwasobvioustoprogressivelyalsoablewayofdeterminingthescopeandvisibilityoftheresearchinnaturalandlifesciences,andAtauniversitylevel,thebibliometricindicators(basedonpublicationsandcitations)arearelipromotions.potentialandasbackgroundinformationtoevaluateresearchproposalsandappointmentsandetc.).Flemishuniversitiesusetheseindicatorstomonitorthedevelopmentoftheirresearchcountriestodemonstratescientificproduction,productivityandvisibility(EU,OECD,NSF,ratedinthesciencepolicy.Theyareusedinternationallyatthelevelofinstitutes,regionsandplinesofthetechnicalsciences,theuseofbibliometricmethodshasbeenthoroughlyincorpo-theresearchperformanceintoaccountmore.Fornaturalandlifesciencesandthebasicdisci-theSpecialResearchFundbetweentheuniversities,theGovernmentofFlanderswishestotakeasastandardofscientificperformance.Forthedistributionofthegovernmentcontributiontothesecondcycleandfordoctorates.Itisonlythenumberofdoctoratedegreesthatcanbeseenoperationalsubsidieswhicheveryinstitutereceives,andonthenumberofdegreesawardedfortributedamongsttheuniversitiesonthebasisofapercentagedistributionkey,basedonthegovernmentcontributiontotheSpecialResearchFunds.Uptonow,thiscontributionwasdisThemostimportantchangeisundoubtedlythechangeinthekeyforthedistributionofthelionresearchontheinitiativeoftheresearcher.In2003,therewasafurtherincreaseof1.531millionEURnet(notincludingindexation)inthe2002budgettostrengthengroundbreakingThesubsidyamountsto93.130millionEUR.ThefundsfortheBOFincreasedby4.958miltheTogetherwiththeoperatingandinvestmentsubsidies,thesefundsformthebasicfundingforCouncilmandatesselectedonthebasisofintrauniversitycompetition.IneveryuniversitytheResearchenablestheuniversitytoimplementanindependentresearchpolicyandsubsidiseprojectsandEveryuniversityhasaspecialresearchfund(BOF)tofundgroundbreakingbasicresearch.ThisBAinvestmentandinfrastructureforthequalityofeducation.Thereforethegapbetweentheexistingfundsandtherequirementsmustbeprogressivelyclosed.44.62SubsidyfortheSpecialResearchFundfortheuniversitiesisresponsibleforthepolicyoftheBOF.universities.EURnet(withindexation,2.839millionEUR).bytheFlemishInteruniversityCouncil.inconsultationwiththeVLIRtocalculatetheBOFkeyfor2004. ChapterIII.5–93

SubsidiesarealsogiventotheFacultyofProtestantTheologyinBrussels:0.296millionEUR.BAThe1999)BA44.89SubsidyfortheVlerickLeuvenGhentManagementSchool(Decreeof18Maycooperation,TheoperatingsubsidyfortheITGwasincreasedinthecontextofinternationalscientific(Art.BA44.87Subsidygrantedtothe“PrinsLeopold”InstituteforTropicalMedicine,inAntwerpTheBAofinstituteservestostimulateadvancedacademiceducation,amongstotherthings,inthecontext169quater,whichentailsanincreaseinthefixedsubsidy.ThesubsidyforthisspecialuniversityTheincreaseinthebasicsubsidyfortheIESisalsobasedontheabove-mentionedArticleBAamountsoftheDecreeof12June1991ontheuniversities.Thisincreaseseveryyearandin2003ThesubsidyfortheIOBincreasedasaresultofthefixedsubsidyincludedinArticle169quaterBAsuccessfulfirstsight,itappearsthatboththeITGandtheVlerickLeuvenGhentManagementSchoolareyears,thefirstresultsofthisnewmethodofmonitoringshouldbecomeclear.Meanwhile,atmanagement,butdoessupervisethequalityandeffectiveness.InthecourseofthenextfewTheideabehindthisisthatthegovernmentdoesnotinterferewiththeday-to-dayagreement.InstituteforJewishStudies(IjoS),thegovernmentusedanewinstrument,themanagementEuropeanStudies(IES),theInstituteforDevelopmentPolicyandManagement(IOB)andtheManagementSchoolorVlerick)andthethreespecialuniversityinstitutes–theInstituteforscientificservices(i.e.theInstituteforTropicalMedicineITGandtheVlerickLeuvenGhentForthetwopublicutilitiesinstitutesforpostgraduateeducation,scientificresearchandBAtheseTrainingandtheVLIRwilldiscussthemethodofdevelopingusefulquantitativeindicatorsforgovernmentcontributiontotheSpecialResearchFunds.TheMinisterofEducationandtheachievementsofresearchwhichcanthenbeusedfortheinteruniversitydistributionoftheneededtodevelopindicatorsfortheculturalandbehaviouralsciencesaswell.Thesewillrevealthelocalcharacterofsomedisciplines.Initsadvice,theVLIRstatesthatfurtherresearchistionsforthis:thedifferentcultureofcommunicationforthedisseminationofinformation,ornotyetanyrobustindicatorsavailablebasedonabroadconsensus.TherearedifferentexplanaBibliometricsisstillattheresearchstagefortheculturalandbehaviouralsciences,andtherearedisciplinesinthemostefficientway.41.22,BA41.26,BA41.28,BA44.87andBA44.89intermsofstudentintake.41.22SubsidyfortheInstituteforDevelopmentPolicyandManagement(I.O.B.)to1.752millionEUR.41.26SubsidyfortheInstituteforEuropeanStudies(IES)lifelonglearning.Thesubsidyfor2003amountsto1.281millionEUR.41.28SubsidyfortheUniversityofAntwerpfortheInstituteofJewishStudies(IjoS)subsidyfor2003amountsto0.151millionEUR.169,Decreeof21June1991)andthisyearamountsto8.322millionEUR.subsidyfor2003amountsto1.689millionEUR.44.80SubsidiesfortheFacultyofProtestantTheologyinBrussels ChapterIII.5–94

needextremelyold-fashionedandunsuitablebuildings.Inaddition,thelaboratoriesareinurgentaimedatbringingtheinadequatelevelofinvestmentsuptostandard.TheInstituteislocatedinTheincreaseintheinvestmentfundsoftheInstituteofTropicalMedicineby124,000EURisBAparticipationBA12.03provides0.111millionEURforstaffingandoperatingcostsforBelgium’sinternationalBA12.03ExpenditureforstaffandoperationarisingfromBelgium’sparticipationinactivitiesrelatedtothesciencepolicyininternationalactivitiesaimedatsciencepolicy.64.17CapitaltransfersforrealestateinvestmentsI.T.G.ofmodernisationtocomplywiththelateststandardsandsafetyrequirements. Programme 33.3Coordination of Higher Education Policy BA 40.10Subsidies for Open Higher clearassociationsinthefuture.Infact,ifthefutureofhighereducationistobeplanned,itshouldbetheselearningcentresandofflexiblestudyroutescouldbeanimportanttaskforthesematerialsforfull-timeandpart-timedistanceeducation.ThedevelopmentandexpansionofuniversitiescanalsoservetodevelopelectroniclearningenvironmentsandelectronicstudyTheadditionaloperatingfundsunderthemodifiedfundingarrangementfortheFlemishbeenestablishedandthestructureofbachelor’sandmaster’sdegreeswillhavebeenintroduced.tiumsdevelopedandisoperating.Furthermore,theassociationsinFlanderswillthenhaveFromthebudgetyear2007,itwillbecomeclearerhowthearrangementoftheDutchconsorcentresanticipationoftheoverallreviewofhighereducation,thefinancialarrangementforthestudystudentsthemselves,itisdesirabletocontinueprovidingthesefundsforthetimebeing.Intheregularroutes,thistypeofeducationrequiresaconsiderablefinancialcontributionbytheTakingintoaccounttherelativesuccessofthisformula,andthefactthatincomparisonwithalmostlifelonglearning,andapparentlyalsooneoftheonlyformswhichisverysuccessful,withthetionoutsideregularhighereducation.Furthermore,thisisoneofthemostsuccessfulformsofAtthemoment,thissystemistheonlyalternativerouteforgainingadegreeinhighereducatodynamicpolicytodevelopopenhighereducationintheFlemishCommunitywithoutleadingnenttotheadvantageofthevariablecomponent,thosecentreswhichimplementamoremumsumperunitmoduleamountsto185.92millionEUR.Byrestrictingthefixedcompo-nentcalculatedonthebasisofthenumberofenrolmentswithexaminationsrights.Themaxi-mechanismisbasedonafixedsum(12,394.68EURperstudycentre),andavariablecompo-examinationsandthedevelopmentofelectronicstudyandlearningmaterials.ThecostingThemaintasksofthesestudycentresaretosuperviseFlemishstudents,theorganisationofstudents.establishedsixstudycentresinFlandersforthesupervisionandexaminationofFlemishNetherlandsunderthesameconditionsasDutchstudents.TheFlemishuniversitieshavecompetentforeducation,FlemishstudentscanenrolforcoursesoftheOpenUniversityintheUniversity(Netherlands)andontheotherhand,theFlemishuniversitiesandtheMinisterOnthebasisofanagreementregardingthecooperationbetween,ontheonehand,theOpenEducationadditionalexpenditure,arespecificallysupported.exclusiveparticipationofprofessionalpeople.willbemaintainedatthe2002level.howallthiswillevolve. ChapterIII.5–95

OA 39Services of the Secretary-General Programme 39.2Coordination of policy and data management ThefundsforthisBAamountto1.060millionEUR,ofwhich0.53millionisforsciencepolbursariesdeterminedinadecisionoftheGovernmentofFlandersof27March1991.Thenumberofthegeneralandfinancialconditions.Theseconditionsarethesameforeverycountryandareprogrammesfortheirexecution.Theydeterminethenumberofbursariestobeawarded,andBursariesinthecontextofbilateralagreementsareawardedinaccordancewiththeworkingresearch.thetravellingexpensesofFlemishresearcherswhogoabroadforshortperiodsforeducationorFlandersmakesfundsavailableforthemobilityofindividuals(mobilitygrants).ThesecoverInordertoachievetheobjectivesofinternationaleducationpolicy,theGovernmentofBAmakerseducationandtraining,theyarepurchasedanddistributedinlargenumbersamongstpolicyGlance”and“EducationPolicyAnalysis”,arethemostimportantsourcesofcomparisonforpointsofinterestattheinternationallevel.AsthetwoOECDpublications,“EducationatatriestofindabalancebetweenwhatisconsideredrelevantforpolicyattheFlemishlevelandtheInaddition,partofthefundsarefortheannualpublicationoftheeducationindicators.ThiscurrentIn2003,thetotalfundsamountto1.278millionEUR.Approximately75%ofthisisspentonindicatorsBA12.01Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtostatistics,datamanagementandeducationresearchagreements.•ResearchiscarriedoutinthecontextofINES(InternationalIndicatorsofEducationSystems),anOECDprojectoneducationindicators.ThisincludesthePISAstudy(ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment)andaschoolsurvey(NetworkC).ThePISAstudyexaminesthecompetencesof15-year-oldpupilsinFlemisheducationintheareasoflanguage,mathematicsandcross-curricularcompetenciesinthespringof2003.InthesecondcycleofthePISAstudy,mostattentionisfocusedon“numeracy”(“major”).“Literacy”and“scientificliteracy”aretheso-called“minorsinthesecondcycle.Astheactualsurveyiscarriedoutinschoolsin2003,thiswillresultinhigheroperatingcostsforthisstudy.InNetworkC,thedatacollectedin2001wereanalysedin2002andthecomparableinternationalresultsofthissurveywillbemadeavailablebytheOECDinthecourseof2003.In2003,thenecessaryfeedbackwillalsobepassedtotheparticipatingschoolsandaFlemishreportmaybedrawnupontheresultsofthissurvey.•TheTIMSSstudyhasbeencarriedoutforsomeyearsaspartoftheIEAproject.TheTIMSSTrendstudyisbeingcarriedoutin2003.Thiswillsurveytwopopulations:thesecondyearofthefirstgradeofsecondaryeducation,andthefourthyearofprimaryeducation.Thelatterhasneverbeensurveyedinthepast,whichexplainstheincreaseincosts.Thereforetheactualstudyiscarriedoutin2003(mathematicsandsciences),whichinvolveshigheroperatingcosts.andacademics.12.06AvarietyofexpenditureinthecontextofbilateralcooperationTheaccommodationexpensesofforeignresearchersinFlandersarealsopaid.tobeawardedvariesfromcountrytocountry.icy. ChapterIII.5–96

ChapterIII.5–97

BA 33.04Subsidy for new educational Septemberpractice-orientedscientificresearch”of7fortheprojectsoftheeducationpolicyandGovernmentofFlanderstoarrangetheprocedureregulatedinaccordancewiththe“DecisionoftheThisisdoneonthebasisofprioritytopicsEveryyearthereisaninvitationforproposals.practice-orientedBA41.43Subsidyforeducationalpolicyandences.siblecauses(andconsequences)ofthesedifferalsotoachieveabetterunderstandingoftheposextentandinwhatrespecttheydiffer.Theaimisinthetransitionfromschooltowork:towhatnariosduringtheprogressthrougheducationandnewdataisabetterinsightintothepossiblesceThemostimportantresultexpectedfromtheseschool”and“thetransitionfromschooltowork”.ingtothetwoextremes,viz.,“theprimarytrewillmainlycarryoutspecialisedsurveysrelatyoungpeople.Inthefirststage,thesupportcenusedforsecondaryanalysesofthewholecareerofuseofthese),andexistingsurveydatamustbemustbeexplored(withadviceonmakingthebestofsources:theexistingadministrativedatafilesmentmarket.Todothisuseismadeoftwosortsmaryeducationuptotheirentryintotheemploy-pathsyoungpeoplefollowfromthestartofpri-datafileswhichmakeitpossibletoexaminewhichtiontotheemploymentmarket”,istocompileandstudentcareersineducationandthetransi-Thecentralobjectiveofthesupportcentre,“Pupilget.lionEURisco-fundedfromtheeducationbudGovernmentofFlanders.Asubsidyof0.372milresearchwhichwereselectedforfundingbythemarket”isoneofthetwelvesupportcentresforeducationandthetransitiontotheemploymentThesupportcentre,“PupilandstudentcareersinandCentre,“PupilandstudentcareersineducationBA33.06Subsidyforco-fundingtheSupportfundsforthisBAamountto0.057millionEUR.coordination(staffingandoperatingfunds).TheavailableinthiswayisusedtosupportICTmajorityofthefundswhichhavebecomeinfrastructurefordifferentpurposes.ThedecidedtoallocatethefundsfortheICTBecauseofthechangeinpoliticalpriorities,itwasmediathetransitiontotheemploymentmarket”scientificresearch(OBPWO)1994. ChapterIII.5–98

Fundsforeigntermsoftheirrelevanceforpolicywillbestrengthened,wherenecessary,withtheassistanceofThedistinctionbetweenthescientificevaluationandtheevaluationofresearchproposalsincificresearch,short-termresearchinsupportofpolicy,andscientificservicesfocusingonthesperesearchrelevanttopolicywillbeimplemented,makingadistinctionbetweenstrategicbasicFollowingthedecisionoftheGovernmentofFlanders,athoroughreformoftheeducationaltheEducationpolicyandpractice-orientedscientificresearch(OBPWO)isspecificallyintendedforpreparation,execution,evaluationandmonitoringofeducationpolicyandpractice.supportofthedifferentstagesthroughoutthepolicycycle.experts.of1.562millionEURareprovidedforthisBAfortheOBPWO2003.

ChapterIII.5–99

•

• istocomparetherecidivismofyoungpeoplewhohaveparticipatedinHergoandainasignificantreductioninthenumberofplacesinclosedfacilities.Theobjectofthestudy31October2002anddealswiththequestionwhethertheimplementationofHergoresultsFamilyGroupConference:followstheFamilyGroupConferencestudywithafinaldateon

• opportunities,prisons.Therelevanceshouldrelatetotheparticipatingpolicyareasofwelfare,health,equalregardtothequalityandeffectivenessoftheassistanceandservicesfordetaineesinFlemishRUG/VUB/KULeuvenwascommissionedtodeveloprelevantpolicyindicatorswithStrategicplanforprovidingassistancetodetainees:theinteruniversitycooperativeventureculture,educationandemployment.

ChapterIII.5–100

• (KULeuven/RUG):Delinquencyinyoungimmigrants,amongst15-25-year-oldsinFlandersanticipatedfor2003.

theservices.ItalsoincludesthepreparationfortherequestforadvicefromtheCommissionforchangingtheregulationsinthecontextoftheexchangeofinformationbetweenthesocialdrawingupproposalstochangetheexistingregulationsinSpecialYouthAssistanceandfiles”.Thiscomprisesexpandingtheresearchtoothersectorsintotalyouthassistance,SpecialYouthAssistance,inparticularfortheinstallationofanddealingwithelectronicputtingintooperationtheresultsofhisresearch,“ScopeofapplicationoftheprivacyactonElectronicfile:ProfessorJ.Put(KULeuven)wascommissionedtocarryoutastudy,ProtectionofPrivateLife,anddrawingupdirectivesfortheuseoftheelectronicfile.

4.WELFARE,PUBLICHEALTHANDCULTUREDEPARTMENT OA 41Family and Social Welfare Administration Programme 41.1General welfare policy BA 12.02A variety of expenditure related to the support of the advisory Inachieved).welfarepolicy,eitheratthelevelofpreparation,oratthelevelofevaluation(theeffectsStudiesandscientificresearcharecommissionedinordertosupportpriorityfieldsintheBAreporthand,theadvisoryappealcommission,theadvisorycounciloninter-countryadoptionandthedirectedtowardsthepreparationforthefuturestrategicadvisorycouncil,whileontheotherThefundscouldbereducedbecausetheactivitiesofthefamilyandwelfarecouncilarenowmakerspublishedeverytwoyears.TheadviceispublishedinbrochureformandisavailabletopolicytheSupportCentreforcombatingpoverty,lackofsecurityandsocialexclusion,whichiscommissionedandcarriedoutonthesubjectofpoverty,inparticular,adviceonthereportofanddocumentationonanumberofdifferenttopics.Forexample,in2002,astudywasTherecommendationsoftheFamilyandWelfareCouncilarepreparedwithfilesofreflectionscouncilsandinterestedtargetgroups.ontheeffectsonchildrencontinuesunchanged.12.23Studies,researchandpreparationofscientificconferences2002,research was carried out in the fields of: • specificallyinstrumentstoexplorethelivingconditionsoftheresidentsofnursinghomesandRVTs,attentionforthegovernment.ThereforetheHIVAwascommissionedtodeveloparangeofexpectationsandrequirementsofelderlypeoplewhorequirecareisanimportantpointforThelivingconditionsoftheelderlyinFlanders:asuitableprovisionwhichmeetsthebydevelopingaquestionnaire. • FlanderstheKULeuvenwasaskedtodrawupawell-foundedproposalsothattheGovernmentofTherightsofclients:inthecontextofaproposalinthedecreerelatedtotherightsofclients,coulddetermineitspointofview.

magistrates.proposalfortheadaptationofthecurrentHergoprovisionsinrelationtotheneedsofyouthleadtothefasterpassageofyoungpeoplethoughclosedfacilities,andastudyofandandBeernem,researchtoexaminewhetherchangesintheyoungpeopleleavingHergocanconcretepossibilitiesofapplyingHergointheclosedfacilitiesofMol,Ruiselede,Everberg,comparablepopulationwhohavegonethroughthetraditionalprocess,withastudyintothe • ofexample,thewayinwhichtheservicesshouldbeindividuallyinstitutionalised,thestructurequestionsweretackledonthebasisofthedescriptivestudy(firstyearofresearch).ForHerstelrecht:Duringthesecondyearofresearch,theinstitutionalandadministrativeadiscussionandsteeringplatformatthelevelbetweenthedepartmentsandpolicy,etc; • institutes.inginexpertiseandprovidingscientificadvicetotheadministration,policyandinternationalTheexternalservicesarecarriedoutbyitsownlibraryanddocumentationcentreandbybringcloselypublishinnationalandinternationaljournalsandincompilations.Forexample,theCBGSiswebsite,CBGSworkingdocumentsanditsownpublications.Inaddition,theresearchersalsoimplications.Theresultsarepublishedbymeansofanumberofinstruments:theCBGSTheresearchconcernsabroadrangeofpopulationandfamilyissuesandtheirsocialandpolicyFor2003,theplanistocontinue/implementthetasksrelatingtothestrategicplanforprovidorganisationsbothbystudydaysandconferencesandbybrochureswhichsummarisetheprovisionsandTheresearchandstudiesarealwayssupervisedbyasteeringgroup.Theresultsarevalorisedformulatedsurveyedabouttheirexpectationsandcomplaints.Policyrecommendationswerebureaustoexaminetheproblemsandrequirementsinthissector.ConsumerswerealsoIn2002,Test-Purchasecarriedoutastudyofthemarriageandrelationshipmediationonthisbasis.ofthetargetgroupsconcerned.ingassistancetodetainedpersonsandtheFamilyGroupConference(inadditiontonewtaskssuchastheevaluationofthepolicyontheplacementsofyoungpeoplewhohavecommittedacrimeandimmigrantyouthdelinquencyin15-25-year-oldsinFlanders).BA12.21GeneraloperationalcostsoftheCentreforPopulationandFamilyStudiesBA12.90ExpenditurefortheCentreforPopulationandFamilyStudiesTheprogrammeiscarriedoutinaccordancewiththeannualpolicyplanofthisscientificinstitute.Thefundsfor2003(forbothallocationstogether,itis0.366millionEUR)remainedthesameasin2002.TheworkingprogrammeoftheCBGScomprisesscientificresearchandexternalservices.Theintendedeffectsare:•Toprovidemorethoroughscientificsupportforpolicyinthelongandshortterm•ToimprovetheknowledgeonpopulationandfamilydynamicsinFlanders•Toimplementexpertiseinaninternationalcontext•Tocontributetoanappropriatefamilyandcarepolicyinvolvedintheeditorialworkofthejournal,“PopulationandFamily”.Thisservicealsoincludestheorganisationofstudydaysandcolloquiums. The research programme The research programme for 2003 comprises the following activities: • Monitoring the dynamics of the population and family • Topic-based research • Policy research ChapterIII.5–101

international2)studywillbetackledin2003inthecontextofourparticipationinDIALOG,anresidentialcentres.Inaddition,thesecondroundofthe“PopulationPolicyAcceptance”(PPA-2003,fieldworkwillstartonLOVO-2.Thisistheresearchintotheelderlywholivein(55+)–thisistheLOVO-1databank–andthepopulationofyoungpeople(aged12-18).Into-datedatabanks,collectedonthebasisofsurveys,concernthepopulationoftheelderlyThesourceofthesestudiesaretheNationalRegisterandtheCBGSdatabanks.Themostup-overThedistributionofthepopulationacrossdifferentemploymentcategoriesisalsofollowedupthecollectionofindicatorsonthehistoryofimmigrationandonthehistoryofrelationships.andtheelderlyandforthecompositionofthefamilyafterdivorce),theprogrammealsocoversandfamilycomposition(extraattentionforthedomesticsituationofchildren,youngpeopleadditiontomonitoringtrendsregardingfertility(timingandnumberofchildren,childlessness)populationandfamily,withspecialattentionfocusedontheelaborationoftimeseries.InThefirstlineofresearchcomprisesthedescriptionandexplanationofthedynamicsoftime.cooperationprojectfundedbytheEU5thFramework.Topic-basedresearchfocusesonthefollowingtopics:thequalityoflife–withspecialattentionforthecombinationofworkandfamilyandfortheconditionsinwhichtheelderlylive.TheLOVO-1andFBAdatabanksareusedforthis.TheanalysisoftheLOVO-1databankalsocomprisesastudyofthetransitiontoretirement,thewayinwhichtheelderlyspendtime,andastudyoftheuseofamenities.Theanalysisofthedataofthesurveyofyoungpeople(incooperationwiththecommissariatforchildren’srights)willbeconcluded.Theprogrammealsoincludesresearchintothequalityofthedecision-makingprocessesofcouplesaboutthedivisionofworkinthefamily.ThisisaprojectincooperationwiththeDutchFamilyCouncilandtheAustrianInstituteforFamilyResearch.Finally,thepolicyresearchcomprisesthedrawingupofpolicyfilesonthebasisoftheresearchoftheelderlyandthecontinuedauditingof“familylifeandprofessionallife”.TheDIALOGprojectalsocomprisestheexecutionofaDELPHIstudyintothepopulationpolicy,aswellasthesurvey.Inaddition,theCBCSisintensivelyinvolvedinthepreparationsfortheCareconference(endof2003).Inordertosupportthedebateswiththenecessaryknowledge,thereareanalysesofexistingdatabases–oftheCBGSitselforexternally–andsynthesisreportsaredrawnup.InthiscontexttheaimistoachievesynergywiththedatacollectioninthecontextofPPA-2. External services Publications teamTheCBGSalsocontinuestobeinvolvedinaseriesofpublications,asamemberoftheeditorial“monitoring”.Inaddition,specificresearchresultsarealsoprovidedonthewebsiteundertheheadingsibilitytionandfamilyresearch.Asummaryofthiscanbefoundonthewebsite,togetherwiththeposTheCBGSpublishesawide-rangingseriesofpublicationsaimedatthepublicationofpopulaoforderingthem.Theseare:•CBGSWorkingdocuments•CBGSPublicationsof“PopulationandFamily”. ChapterIII.5–102

Advice and expertise CBGSfundPopulationActivitiesunitoftheEEC).TherearealsoclosecontactswiththeUNpopulationPopulationandDevelopment,insofarasthisconcernsthedevelopmentofpopulation;aswellasthoseofthepopulationdepartmentsoftheUnitedNations(UNCommissiononactivitiesofthepopulationcommitteeoftheCouncilofEurope(CAHP)arecloselyfollowed,countriesviatheNIEPSnetwork(NetworkforIntegratedEuropeanPopulationStudies).TheAttheinternationallevel,theCBGScooperateswithsimilarinstitutionsinotherEuropeantalworkinggroupsinitiatedbytheBelgiangovernment(NIS,Policyontheelderly;Developmenorgans,suchasAEB,AROHM,MIRA,andAPS.Inaddition,itparticipatesinsteeringandtheWVCupperlevels(MIS).ExpertiseisalsomadeavailabletootherFlemishadministrativePublichealthandCultureandadvicefortheFamilyandSocialWelfareAdministrationandforinstance,thisconcernstheparticipationingroupsdevelopingavisioninthecabinetofWelfare,TheCBGSfulfilsnumerousadvisorytaskswithregardtopolicyandadministration.Inthefirstpolicy).(UNFPA).researchersarealsoactiveininternationaltopic-basednetworks:•ParentalleavearrangementsinEurope•FamilyImpactMonitor•EuropeanObservatoryforPopulationEducationandInformation Library and Documentation (http://www.cbgs.beaccordancewiththeDobis-LibissystemandcanbeconsultedontheinternetoronthewebsiteTogetherwithsomeotherlibrariesintheFlemishCommunity,thelibraryiscomputerizedinadditionalCD-ROMandtheCBGS’sownpublications.ThecollectiongrowswithapproximatelyantheCouncilofEurope,thereportsoftheWorldFertilitySurvey,anumberofdatabanksonpublichasaccesstodocumentationfilesofconferences,publicationsoftheUnitedNationsand18,000)andaboutahundredspecialisedjournalsonpopulationandfamily.Inaddition,theTheCBGSlibrary,whichisopentothepublic,hasabroadcollectionofbooks(approximately500booksand300issuesofjournalseveryyear.). Programme 41.5Care of the disabled researchAconciseexplanationofthecreditsallocatedinthebudgetfor2003forexternalscientific(V.F.S.I.P.H.)BA41.11GrantfortheFlemishFundfortheSocialIntegrationoftheDisabledisgivenbelow. As regards the research related to the supervision of the care process researchFundassignedthisstudytotheDepartmentofOrthpedagogicsattheKULeuvenforthetosupervisingthecareprocessinthesectorforthedisabled.Atthebeginningof2002,theeventuallyresultinadviceonthepolicy-relatedmeasuresthatshouldbeintroducedwithregardyear2002.TheFlemishFundcommissionedastudytosuperviseandmonitorthis.Thisshould(ZTB)”sincethebudgetyear2001:ninein2001,ofwhichsevenwerecontinuedinthebudgetFundhasrecognisedandsubsidisedanumberofprojectson“supervisingthecareprocessInthecontextofthebettercoordinationofsupplyanddemandintheCaresector,theFlemishperiodfrom1.3.2002to31.3.2003. ChapterIII.5–103

The research into the diagnostic provision in Flanders studyJanuary2002tobecarriedoutbytheDepartmentofOrthopedagogicsattheKULeuven.Thecanrespondappropriately.TheBoardofDirectorsoftheFundcommissionedthisstudyon29examinedanditiseasiertomakereferralsandanygapsbecomevisible.Thismeansthatpolicyisthereasonfortheproposaltocarryoutastudyofthediagnosticprovision,sothatitcanbeandtasks;thereisaclearneedforaquantitativeandqualitativeinventoryofthisprovision.ThisHowever,thediagnosticprovisionsinFlandersareveryfragmentedacrossthetargetgroupsadaptedprovisionofcarefirstrequiresastageofthoroughdiagnosticstoclarifythedemand.Duringtherecentdevelopmentsindemand-basedcare,ithasbecomeincreasinglyclearthatanrunsfrom1September2002to31October2003.

TheTheBoardofDirectorscommissionedthisstudyon30.4.2002tobecarriedoutbyLUCAS.problemsobjectiveprogrammepolicyinthenearfuture.Thereforeitisdirectlyrelatedtotheurgenthousing.Thisstudyisextremelyimportantandservesaspartofthebasisfordrawingupancannotwork,aswellasthosewhoareinrecognisedformsofworkforpeopleinshelteredpeoplewholeave,itisalsonecessarytoexaminetheintakeofpeopleintohomesforthosewhopossibletoestimatetheneedsofthenextgrouptoleavethesefacilities.Inadditiontothethelastfiveyears.Thiswillshedsomelightontheneedsofthisgroupandwillalsomakeitwithamoderateorseverementaldisability,whohaveleftaninstitutionorspecialeducationinTheaimofthestudyistoexaminethehousingsituationandlivingconditionsofyoungadultsofwaitinglists.finalreportisexpectedin2003.

toThestudyofthepeopleleavingresidentialinstitutionsandtheintakeintohomesforthoseunablework

ment”Researchintotheappropriatenessofreferringveryyoungchildrentoan“institutionrequireonlythisresearchtask.Thestudyrunsfrom1November2002to31August2003,andhasthereforesubmitted,tocommissiontheDepartmentofOrthopedagogicsattheKULeuventocarryoutOn6August2002,theBoardofDirectorsdecided,onthebasisoftheproposalsthathadbeenrespondsexaminewhatassistanceisprovidedforthisspecifictargetgroupandwhetherthisassistanceformthebasisforreferringveryyoungchildrentoaninstitution.Inaddition,itisnecessarytoyoungerthechild,themorethisprincipleapplies.Researchshouldshowwhatconsiderationsthehomeenvironmentandthatcollectivecareshouldbeavoidedasfaraspossible.TheNowadayseveryoneisconvincedthatsupportforthedisabledshould,ifpossiblebeprovidedintotherealneeds.veryrecentlystarted. Additional research into the financial implications of introducing a range of care projecttestedinpractice.ThisisdonebymeansofcovenantswithprovisionswhichserveasatrialtheFunddecidedtoprovideextrafundsinthebudgetforresearchsothatthesethingscouldbeHowever,thefinancialaspectofthisambitiousresearchprojectwasnotprovided.Thereforereferralswastoorganisedistinctmodulesforprovidingpossiblecare,sothatthecurrentsystemofTheFundcommissionedastudyontherangeofcaresometimeago.Theultimateaimofthisinthesectorcanberedrawnintermsofthe“madetomeasurecare”principle.fortestingtheoreticallyoutlinedcaremodules.

Research into the disabled steering their own career ofcareerswhicharetypicalforthistargetgroup.Itincludesthedisabledinemployment,whichandinstrumentsthatmakethispossible,itisimportanttohaveareliableinsightintothenatureInthereflectiononthesteeringofcareers,andafortioriforthedevelopmentofmethodologies

ChapterIII.5–104

tionPreparingfortheimplementationoftheaspectofcareerguidanceintheprogrammeonintegra usedgivingthesupervisorsfeedbackabouttheirownactivitiesandtheevaluationofthematerialsexpertiseinthereceptionbureausandamongstsupervisorsofthisprocess.Thisrelatestooftheintegrationprogrammeisbeingpreparedwithpilotprojects.ThisisdonebypromotingInthecontextofthepolicyonintegration,theimplementationofthe“careerguidance”aspect–followedbyrecommendationsfortheirfurtherimplementationinthefield.

organisationcitizenshipatthereceptionbureaus.Thisisdonebydesigningthetrainingprogramme,theInthecontextofthisaspectofpolicy,provisionsfortrainingaredrawnupfortheteachersofoftrainingevents,providingthetrainingitselfanditsevaluation.

fromcontractingpartyonbehalfoftheFlemishFundistheHIVA.InprinciplethestudywillrunThisconcernsaco-fundingstudyinthecontextoftheEuropeanprogrammeEqual.Theforalsoincludespersonswithadisability.Thereforetheaimistobuildupanup-to-datepicture,exampleofthissub-targetgroupofthedisabledinemployment.1July2002to30June2003althoughthefinaldatecouldbeextended. Programme 41.7Social welfare representingIn2003,researchprojectswillbecarriedoutonresearchtopicssuchasthosedescribedbelow,integrationBA12.01Avarietyofexpenditureforpromoting,organizinganddevelopingactivitiesfortheofethnic/culturalminoritiesatotalsumof0.259millionEUR. Study to evaluate a policy on minority groups researchinventoryandevaluationofthepolicyonminoritiesthatisimplementedandthescientificsurveysofthemembersoforganisationsofethnicandculturalminorities,aswellasanonminoritiesofJuly1996.Thestudycomprisesabottom-upevaluationbasedoncollectiveevaluationofthepolicyonminoritiesasimplementedsincethelaststrategicplanforthepolicyanewstrategicplanforthepolicyonminorities,therewillbeathoroughanalysisandInthecontextofthepolicyonminorities,andinrelationtoandasaninputfortheactivitiesonintothissincethelastplan. assistanceResearchintoandformulationsofrecommendationsontheorganisationofsocialinterpretinginFlanders translatorsgoodquality,professional,andcoverstheneeds,andthatthepotentialinterpretersandtranslations)canbeorganisedinsuchawayonthebasisofsupportingevidence,thatitisofathatthesocialinterpretinglandscapeinFlanders(telephoneandpersonalinterpreters,writtenInthecontextofthepolicyonminorities,thenecessarilyinformationmustbemadeavailablesoavailableinFlandersrespondtotheneedsasfaraspossible.

tionPreparationfortheimplementationoftheultimategoalsofcitizenshipinthepolicyonintegra havelecturers,drawingupanintakeinstrumentforscreeningnewcomersforthecompetencestheythecontextofthisaspectofpolicy:bypromotingexpertiseinthereceptionbureaus,andinMOTheimplementationofthefinalgoalsofcitizenship(MO)arepreparedwithpilotprojectsinacquired,andbyevaluatingthematerialsusedandtheircontinueddevelopment.

ChapterIII.5–105

Development of methodologies for teachers of citizenship in the policy on integration

alsotions/FlemishPublicInstitutions/provisionstocarryoutself-evaluationsthemselves.Therewillmeasurement,aswellasthedevelopmentofaninstrumentforthedistinctadministraPlanforprovidingassistanceandservicestodetainees.Itcomprisesaprocessevaluation,azerodecisionoftheGovernmentofFlanderstocarryoutanevaluationandmonitortheStrategiccarryoutanevaluationstudy;thiswillgoonuntiltheendofApril2003.ItwillimplementtheIn2002,theFoundationfortheEuropeanCentreforWorkandSocietywascommissionedtomorespeedin2002,asaprioritypointofattentionfortheGovernmentofFlanders,therewillbeoperationalisationofinterpretingservices.Asthispolicywasalreadyintendedtoreachcruisingresponsibleforthedevelopmentandforprovidingintegrationcourses,aswellasthepolicywithregardtointegration,specifically,theestablishmentofthebureauswhichareIn2001,specialistfacultieswerecommissionedtocarryoutfourstudiesonthepreparationofinvestmentforresearchintotheorganisation,trainingand,aboveall,policyeffects.berecommendationsforthefutureimplementationinotherregions. Programme 41.8The integration of the underprivileged BA 12.01 A variety of expenditure in the context of the policy on ofFor2003,therewillagainbefundingforthePovertyYearbookandfordrawinguptheprofile12.01.thegeneralsubsidies.From2002,thisactivitywillbespecificallyallocatedtobasicallocationpovertyinFlanders(throughtheYearbook)in2002.Uptonow,thesefundshavebeenpartofAsinpreviousyears,therewasfundingfortheresearchofUIA-Oasesontheevolutionofpovertythe“expertonexperience”. Programme 41.9Total Youth Assistance BA 01.01A variety of expenditure related to total youth youthelementssuchasthedevelopmentofideasandthecreationofaneffectiveframeworkforatotalcarryoutanimportantstudytopreparetheFlemishpreventionpolicy.ThismainlyconcernedAninteruniversitycooperativeventure(GhentUniversity/KULeuven)wascommissionedtoassistancepreventionpolicy.Thisresearchendedon31October2002. OA 42Health care administration Programme 42.1Public health onhealth-relatedmattersandtheirorganisation,onscientificmatters,educationandtraining,scientificinformation.Inaddition,theAcademyadvisestheFlemishandfederalgovernmentsTheRoyalAcademyofMedicineisaforumforthescientificdebateandtheexchangeofBAallocatedaccordancewiththerequirementsofthedecreewhichestablishedit.In2003,thecouncilispreventiveandcurativesector.ThecouncilwaspartlyreorganisedinSeptember2002,incomposedofawiderangeofexpertswhohaveexperience,aswellasscientistsfromtheparliamentoronitsowninitiative.Thecouncilconsistsofexpertsinhealthmatters,andisTheFlemishHealthCouncilgivesadviceattherequestoftheministerortheFlemishincludingBA12.02ExpenditureoftheFlemishHealthCouncilandoftheFlemishAdvisoryCouncil,commissionsforstudies0.035millionEUR,partlyusedforthescientificsupportofthecouncil.12.32AvarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheRoyalAcademyofMedicine ChapterIII.5–106

AaboutFlandersormembersofthegovernment.Oneofthespecifictasksistocollectinformationhealthcare.Thisisdoneattherequestofthegovernment,includingtheGovernmentofproblemswhichareraisedbyscientificresearchanditsapplicationsinbiology,medicineandTheAdvisoryCommitteeforBio-ethicsmustgiveadviceontheethical,legalandsocialBAnecessaryPredictivehealthcareisanewprioritypointofattentionforpolicyandhasreceivedtheanalysesventivemechanisms.Theremainderofthebudget(1.248millionEUR)isusedforroutineprovidedforinnovativeresearch,suchasthestudyofgeneticdisordersandthesearchforpreAsinpreviousyears,35%(0.672millionEUR)ofthetotalbudget(1.920millionEUR)isrecognisedinsightsintohealthissuesandresearcharestimulated.Fourofthesecentreshavebeendataonthepopulationthatiscoveredandtheissuesputforward.Boththeacquisitionofthisway.Thetasksandmissionofthesecentresaredevelopedinmoredetailonthebasisofthegeneticdata.ScientificknowledgeonanthropogeneticsismademoreaccessibleforpolicyinscientificsupportfortheFlemishCommunityandcooperatewithaone-offregistrationofparentswiththeinterpretationandprocessingofresearchresults.Thecentresalsoprovidealternativestopreventthesediseasesordisabilities.Theyalsoadvise,supportandsuperviseThecentresforhumanhereditystudythehereditarycharacterofdisordersandlookforBAconsequencesinphysiopathologicalcircumstances,transplantsurgery,andfoetalgrowthandtheionchannels,celldeathinphysiopathologicalcircumstances,proliferationanddifferentiationsubsidies.In2003,theavailablefundsareintendedforscientificresearchonthemodulationofacademicprizeswasseparatedfromtheoperatingcosts,because“prizes”shouldbeseenasoperationalcosts.Attheexpressrequestoftheauditor’soffice,theproportionallocatedfortransferredfromBA12.32–avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheRoyalAcademyforincludedunderthisnewbasicallocation.Thefunds(0.005millionEUR)forthisnewBAwereFrom2002,alltheexpensesrelatedtotheacademicprizesoftheRoyalAcademywillbeBA0.156medicineonthefutureprospectsofadoctorwhowishestostartascientificcareerinthefacultyofuniversityhospitals,inadditiontotheusualmeetingsonspecifictopics.Inaddition,itfocusesonstemcellsandontheproblemsofacademicactivitiesofdoctorsworkinginFlemishforumiscloselyrelatedtoitsadvisoryfunction.In2003,largersymposiumswillbeorganisedprofessionalpracticeinmedicine,pharmacologyandveterinarymedicine.ItsfunctionasaataFlemishuniversityhospital.millionEURisallocatedtothisBA.34.41SubsidiesfortheacademicprizesoftheRoyalAcademyforlaterlife.33.35Subsidiesforrecognisedcentresforhumanheredityandaresubsidised.inthecontextoftaskscarriedoutbythecentres.support.41.05SubsidyfortheadvisorycommitteeonBio-ethicsfuturedevelopmentsinthefieldofgeneticsandorganiseadialogueonthis.creditof0.032millionEURisprovidedforthissupport. Programme 44.2Medical-social policy laboratorytestswhichcanleadtotheidentificationofprohibitedsubstancesortheirimprovingthetechniquestotracetheuseofdrugsinsport.ThisconcernsthedevelopmentofOfthetotalcreditof0.979millionEURin2003,morethan10%isprovidedforresearchintotheBA12.24Expenditurerelatedtomedicallyresponsiblesports,medicalcontrolsinsportandcontrolofdopinginsport ChapterIII.5–107

threshold,forreceivingthefirstquestionsandtodiagnosequestionsofconcerninthepopulaHealthSupportCentre.TheLogoswillberesponsible–asalocal,regionalstructurewithalowthreelevels:theLogos,thehealthinspectorateandatthethirdlevel,theEnvironmentandThisstructuretakesplacewiththedevelopmentofaFlemishmedicalenvironmentalnetworkatimproveThesefundsalsoservetomakethe“HealthandEnvironment”policymoreefficientandtowhichiswellsupportedandraisesquestionsaboutpublichealthinrelationtotheenvironment.HealthCareAdministrationprovidesanincreaseinfundstoprovideaservicetothepopulationInadditiontostudiesandprojectsfundedbytheEnvironmentandHealthSupportCentre,thethethirdfieldofresearchandtoreserveseparatefundsforspecificadhocresearchonHealthandTheseadditionalfundsareneededtoimprovetheregionalFlemishresearchareasdefinedintheaddendumBA42.233.50–300,310.10EURofBA61.112.03comesfromtheLINdepartment,viaanremaindercomesfromthebudgetofEnvironmentandHealth:371,895.60EURcomesfromforthe2003operatingyear.Ofthis867,756.40EURisfundedbyprogramme71.4,whiletheThetotalsubsidyfortheEnvironmentandHealthSupportCentreamountsto1,539,962EUROctoberTheSupportCentreforPolicy-orientedresearchintotheEnvironmentandHealthstartedon1BAeachestimatedattwoproject-basedstudiesperyear,aswellastwoclusterstudies.Thebudgetforthatthereisaneedforthoroughquantitativeresearch.Thenumberoftheserequestsisandthelinkbetweenthetwostillsuggestsacausalconnectionorthiscannotbeexcluded,sodiseasesinwhichananalysisoftheprogressofthediseaseand/ortheenvironmentalprocessbyresearchgroups;inacutecases,suchasfollowingsuspectedclustersofenvironmentalEnvironmentSupportCentre.ThisisinresponsetoprojectssubmittedtotheFlemishministerscientificresearchinthefieldofHealthandtheEnvironment,outsidetheHealthand0.207millionEURisprovidedforresearchonthisBA.ThisconcernssupportforappliedBAtimejournals.Inaddition,furtherresearchwillbecarriedoutwiththesemethodsintothedetectiongroupsofsubstances,withthepublicationoftheresearchresultsininternationalscientificdetectionofdiureticsandcorticosteriods.AmethodwasdevelopedandvalidatedforbothTheadditionalprojectwhichstartedinOctober2001carriedoutdetailedresearchintothecake).bilityofexceedingthelimitsof1ppmofmorphineingestedinfood(herbalteaandspeciallisheduptonowbyafactorof10.Inaddition,detailedresearchwascarriedoutintothepossiapy.Thedetectionlimitsofthesenewmethodsarelowerthanthelastlimitsofmethodspubsalbutamolandsalmeterol,whicharepermittedforasthmapatientsforuseininhalationtherdevelopedtodeterminevariousbeta-agonists.Inthefirstinstance,attentionwasfocusedonsubstanceisalreadybeingtracedinternationally.Extremelysensitivemethodsarealsobeingovertheworldwereprovidedwithadditionalinformationandstandardswhichmeansthattheferenceandpublishedinthe“proceedings”.Inaddition,alltheIOCaccreditedlaboratoriesallableinFlandersviatheinternet.Thedataofthisstudywerepublicisedataninternationalcon1-androstenediol,whichwassoldintheUnitedStatesasafoodsupplement,andisalsoavailForexample,in2002researchwascarriedoutintothemetabolismofanewanabolicsteroid,whichmetabolites.Researchiscarriedoutintothepharmacokineticsandexcretionofsubstancesareonthelistofprohibitedproducts.Thisrespondstocurrentproblems.oftherapeuticallyusedcorticosteriods.12.25Expenditurerelatedtohealthandtheenvironmentstudyisestimatedatapproximately124,000EURperstudy.33.50SubsidyfortheEnvironmentandHealthSupportCentre2001.ThisisaconsortiumoftheVUB,RUG,UA,KULeuvenandLUC.totheinitialmanagementagreementforthissupportcentre.Environment.itsstructureandscientificsupport. ChapterIII.5–108

thehavetoberevised.ThismeansthatanumberoftaskscurrentlybeingcarriedbytheInstituteforThereorientationoffundshastheresultthatthecooperationagreementwiththeInstitutewillpolicy.supportforepidemiologicalresearchbasedontheirexpertisearevaluableforthepublichealthinformationforthecommunities.ThespecialisedlaboratoriesformicrobiologyandthenetworkofassessmentpracticesandlaboratoriesandthisprovidesextremelyrelevantPublicHealthforitsactivities.TheInstitutekeepsrecordsofanumberofdisorderswithaAsubsidyof0.940millionEURismadeavailabletotheLouisPasteurScientificInstituteforBAforframeworkwillbecompleted,intheformofadecree,tofacilitatemonitoringinhealthcareandimplementationofaplanninginstrumentforhealthcarereceivesspecialattention.Asystemsandthetransferofdatatothehealthdatabank.Thecollectionofdataforthewithrelevantpolicyinformationonhealth.In2003,investmentsaremadeinnewregistrationFortheexecutionofthegovernmentmanifesto,priorityisgiventothecreationofadatabankBAcollectionBA12.29and12.31Expenditurerelatedtothehealthdatabank,epidemiologyandtheconcentratingaspectwhichconcentratesonphysicalsciencesaswellasmoresocialscience-relatedaspects,sues.TheactualresearchcarriedoutintheEnvironmentandHealthSupportCentrehasanindifferentagegroups,bydeterminingbiomarkersforpollutioninblood,urineorothertistoringresearchacrossFlanders.Thislooksatenvironmentalinfluencesonthehumanorganismthirdlevelisresponsibleforthescientificsupportofpolicyandfortheexecutionofbiomonicutionofitspolicy,whilealsoallowingroomforthepreparationandevaluationofpolicy.Thehealthinspectorate,whichcanthenfocusmorespecificallyonactualproblemcasesintheexetion,onthebasisofthoroughtraining.TheLogoservesasabufferforthesecondlevel,theparticularlyonthecommunicationandperceptionofrisks.ofindicators33.29Subsidiesrelatedtoepidemiologicalresearchandthecollectionofindicatorsabetterexchangeofinformationinthehealthcaresystem.45.03GrantfortheLouisPasteurScientificInstituteforPublicHealthTheiroperationcontributestoagreaterinsightintocertainaspectsofpublichealth.GovernmentofFlanderswillbeabolished. OA 45Culture Administration Programme 45.1Youth and Sport BA 33.12Subsidies for the scientific support of youth BA2003.lacking(althoughthereareanumberofdisparateelements).TheaimistostartworkonthisinAFlemishyouthpolicyplanmustbebasedonscientificsupport.Atthemomentthisisstilldrawn(decreeof29March2002onFlemishYouthpolicy),thatthissortofpolicyplanshouldbethefirstyouthpolicyplan.Meanwhile,theParliamentofFlandershasdecidedbydecreeThefundsamountto0.152millionEUR.InJune2002,theGovernmentofFlandersapprovedpolicyupforeverynewlegislativeperiod.12.33Avarietyofexpenditureinrelationtosport Study of the climate in top sports competitionwithothercountries,andtocomposeanindexoftopsportsinthecontextofascientificstudyintotheclimateintopsportsinFlanders,toperformananalysisoftheFrom1January2003to31December2003,theVUBwascommissionedtocarryoutaFlanders”.2003budgettoimplementtheagreementon“researchintotheclimateintopsportsinAmaximumof60,000EURisprovidedforprogramme45.1,basicallocation12.23inthe ChapterIII.5–109

Pilot project: “The flexible tasks of physical education teachers” role.Thestrategicobjectivetobeachievedinthisprojectis:“ToencourageasmanyyoungApilotprojectstartedon1September2001inwhichphysicaleducationteachersplayacrucial ChapterIII.5–110

Research into sport for the disabled

Theoutpractisingsports.TheKULeuvenwascommissionedtocarryoutthestudy.Thiswillbecarriedadditionalcostsforthedisabledsportspersonincomparisonwiththoseforablebodiedpeopleoutananalysisofthesituationinthesectorofthedisabled,inparticularcomparingtheFromtheperspectiveofthepreparationofpolicy,thereisaneedforascientificstudytocarry12.03Asumof124,000EURwasallocatedtothe2002budget,programme45.1–basicallocationtocarryoutascientificstudyintosportforthedisabled.from31October2002to31December2003.aimsofthestudybroadlyreflectthecontent:•Asummaryofthedemand,thesupply,thereasonsandtherestrictionsondisabledpeopleactivelypracticingsport•Theattitudestothedisabledwithregardtotheiractiveparticipationinsport•Thespecificadditionalcostsofdisabledpeoplepractisingsports•Atranslationoftheresearchresultsintocriticalsuccessfactorsrelevantforpolicyandstrategicobjectiveswhichcanbeoperationalisedandimplementedatthelevelofthedifferentpartiesconcerned

Thisevaluationbroaderresearchproject,“ResearchintotheclimateintopsportsinBelgium–Aninternationalofcompetitioninthepolicyontopsports–Abarometerfortopsports.”researchwillbecarriedoutintwostages: 1.Research into the climate in Belgian top sports: (1/01/2003-31/12/2003) theAnanalysisisdrawnupofthestrengthsandweaknessesoftheFlemishpolicyontopsportsonspecificcoordinatorsassesstheFlemishpolicyontopsportsasregardstheirindividuallivingsituation,Inthefirstinstance,thestudyexamineshowtopBelgianathletes,trainersandsportssportssupervision,trainingandcompetitionfacilitiesandsocialstatus.basisofthesedata. 31/12/2004)2.Aninternationalevaluationofthecompetitionintheclimateintopsports(1/01.2004cooperate”,culturaldifferences,Belgiumiscomparedtoanumberof“comparablecountriespreparedtoTakingintoaccountanumberofsocio-economicaspectssuchaspopulation,prosperity,withtheaimof:•Benchmarking:Belgiumiscomparedwith(moreorlesscomparable)countrieswhichachievebetterresults,inordertolearnfromaspecificcomparisoninthisway•Evaluation:thislooksattheextenttowhichBelgiumisinlinewithothercountriessothatrecommendationscanbemadeforthefuturepolicyontopsports. Research into the requirements for golf detail.concretearrangementswithregardtofollowingupthefilemustbedeterminedingreaterThecontentandthebudgetforthestudy,thebodycarryingoutthestudyaswellasthecommissionedThestudyoftheseneedswillbecarriedoutwiththe2003budget.AnexternalbodywillbesectorthecreationofaframeworkontheclaimsofthetouristandrecreationalsectorandthesportsfollowingthedecisionoftheGovernmentofFlandersof19July,point7whichcommissionedAstudywillbecarriedoutoftheneedsinthesportofgolf.Thisstudywascommissionedwithregardtospace.tocarryoutthestudy.

ofofthepilotproject.Theministercompetentforthisfieldisalsoresponsibleforthepublicationintoaccountinthediscussionregardingthepossiblecontinuation/expansion/implementationInSeptember2002,theVUBresearchteamsubmitteditsfinalreport.TheresultsaretakenThemadescientificstudyduringthe2001-2002schoolyear.Asumofamaximumof34,375EURwasInthecontextoftheevaluationofthepilotproject,theVUBwascommissionedtocarryoutaandasawholeaswellasthe17individualprojectsaretheobjectofanevaluationbasedoninternalextendedafterthefirstschoolyearforthedurationofthe2002-2003schoolyear.TheprojectThepilotprojectcomprisesalimitedgroupof17teachersasacontrolgroup.Theprojectwaswhichinvolvedparttimeinafterschoollocalsportsevents,byasystemofleavebasedonactivitiesandinthiswaycreatesabridgebetweentwofieldsofactivity.PhysicaleducationsteachersareThepilotprojectentailsabroadervisionofthepresenttaskofthephysicaleducationteacherfinallyphysicaleducationteachersinafterschoolsports,atschool,inthecommunityandinclubs,andpeopleaspossibletotakeexerciseandlearntomovebetterinaresponsibleway,byinvolvingtoencourageyoungpeopletobecomemembersofsportsclubs”.areintheinterestofeducation.externalmeasurements.availableforthisstudyinthe2001budget.studyfocusedonthefollowingquestions:•obstaclesandproblemareaswhichmayarise,aninventoryandanalysisofsolutionswhichmaybepossiblefortheproblemsthatareindicated;•toexaminetheaddedvalueofintroducingthesystem;•toincludeboththeteachers,theyoungparticipantsandthelocalpartners(school,communityandsportsclub/federation)involvedinthepilotprojectinthestudy;•toexaminewhetherthesystemofthepilotprojectisfeasibleandexaminewhetheritisworthimplementingonalargerscaleandtomakeproposalsrelevanttopolicyandinpreparationofpolicy.theresultsofthestudy. Programme 45.3Visual Arts and Museums andforresearch.Theyarealsocentresforprovidingservicesforthearchivists,government,mediatheirideological-philosophicalmovement,anddrawupaninventoryandmakethisavailablecollectandarrangearchiveanddocumentationmaterialonthehistoryandcurrentaffairsofCatholicDocumentationandResearchCentre(KADOC).Thetaskoftheseinstitutionsisto(ADVN);theArchiveandMuseumoftheSocialistLabourMovement(AMSAB),andtheLiberalism;theArchive,DocumentationandResearchCentreforFlemishNationalismsocial-philosophicalmovementsare:theArchive,DocumentationandResearchCentreforThefourarchiveanddocumentationcentresmentionedinthearchivedecreeonthebasisofthephilosophicalmovements,thearchiveanddocumentationcentresbasedonculturalthemesandThisdecreeprovidesa(new)basisforthearchivinganddocumentationcentresbasedonsocial-2002.Thedecreeontheprivatelawculturaloperationofarchives(“archivedecree”)wasapprovedinmillionThetotalfundsallocatedtothearchivedecreeamountto4.499millionEUR.Ofthis,2.173(decreeBA33.03Subsidiesforprivatelawarchives,documentationcentresandarchivinglibrariesof19July2002)isforsciencepolicy.projectsforprivatelawarchives.generalpublic. ChapterIII.5–111

FlemishPrimitivesandavaluablecollectionofsixteenthandseventeenth-centurypaintings,indrawingsandprints.ThecollectionofearlyworkscomprisesasignificantnumberbytheTheKMSKAhasacollectionofinternationallyfamousworksofart:paintings,statues,nineteenth-centuryscientificinstitutemanagedbytheFlemishCommunity.ThemuseumislocatedinastatelyKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchoneKunsten(TheRoyalMuseumofFineArts),AntwerpisaAntwerpBA41.01GrantfortheseparatelymanageddivisionoftheRoyalMuseumofFineArts,considerednewdevelopments.Inthiswaythesectorcangraduallygrowwithinacomprehensiveandperiod.Theaspectofprojectsinthearchivedecree(45.5,BA33.03)allowsroomtorespondtoonlyawardasubsidytoonearchiveanddocumentationcentreforeverytopicandpolicyInordertoavoidaproliferationandtopromotecooperation,theGovernmentofFlanderscanotherThestructuralsubsidiesforarchivesofculturalthemesofnationalimportancewithafocusformentofthe“FlandersArchiveBank”.Thearchivebankwillbeaninteractivemeta-inventorysationwillbecontinued.Forexample,theseareresponsibleforthedevelopmentandmanageIn2003,thejointinitiativesdevelopedlastyearwithregardtoregistrationandcomputeridecree.VisualArtsandMuseums.ThiswasdoneinanticipationoftheapplicationofthenewarchiveandcentralisedforallthearchivesinFlanders,tobasicallocation33.03ofprogramme45.3,theoftheFlemishliteraryandmusicalheritageupto2002weretransferredinthebudgetfor2003ThefundswhichwereavailableforscientificresearchandinitiativesrelatedtotheconservationIninternationalscientistsandtothegeneralpublic.Forthispurpose,theVMEwilldevelopanationalandalsofocusonstudyingandvalorisingthismusicalheritageandmakingitaccessiblebothtoVMEaimstolocatethemusicalheritageandwherenecessaryprotectandconserveit.Itwilltheaimofachievinggreatercoherenceandintegrationinthefieldofmusicalarchives.Thedifferentorganisations.Thisnewassociation,VMEwillactasanumbrellaorganisationwithInthepast,separateinitiativesandprojectsrelatedtothemusicalheritageweresubsidisedinMeanwhile,thenot-for-profitFlemishMusicalHeritagewasestablishedinthecourseof2002.activeXML,TEI)intheexecutionoftheprojectsisanobviousstepfortheCTB.TheCentreisanpublicationsandtheinternet.Theuseofinternationalstandardsfortextencoding(SGML,Anattemptwillbemadetoensurebetteraccessibilitytothesourcesintheshortterm,viaArchivesbasicmaterialsarelocated.Duringthefirststage,mostoftheworkusesthematerialsintheLiterature(Antwerp)andthepublishingworld.Inprinciple,thetasksarecarriedoutwherethe(Antwerp),theMusicCentreoftheFlemishCommunity(Brussels),theFlemishFundforBelgiumforSciencesandArts(KVAB-Brussels),theInteruniversityworkinggroupGeneseandMuseumforFlemishCulturalLife(AMVC-Antwerp),theRoyalFlemishAcademyofThefollowingorganisationsarerepresentedinthecentre:theKANTL(Ghent)theArchivecommissiontheRoyalAcademyforDutchLanguageandLiterature(KANTL).ThisismanagedbyaInthemiddleof2000,theCentreforText,EditingandtheStudyofSourceswasestablishedinandAfterastartontheinitialarchivesoftheliteraryheritagein1999,thiswascontinuedin2000ofInaddition,fundsareprovidedforscientificresearchandinitiativesrelatedtotheconservationtheFlemishliteraryandmusicalheritage.extendedtotheliteraryandmusicalheritage.whichdeterminestheuseofthefundsandselectstheprojects.andMuseumforFlemishCulturalLifeinAntwerp.partnerinthedevelopmentofthesestandards,inaninternationalcontext.network.thisway,theseinitiativeswillcontributetogreateraccesstotheFlemishculturalarchives.allprivatelawarchives.thanaso-calledphilosophicalfocuswillbecomepossibleunderthedecree.context.buildingwhichwascommissionedbytheCityofAntwerpin1883. ChapterIII.5–112

itexceptionalcollectionand,bynationalstandards,itswell-developedinfrastructure,meansthatAstheculturalhuboftheFlemishmuseumworld,theKMSKAhasaspecialresponsibility.Itsofcations.Inaddition,thefundsareusedforthepurchase,conservationandrestorationofworksEUR,whichisusedforthestudyofthecollection,organisingexhibitionsandproducingpublitionofthecollectionandprovidinginformationonit.Forthisithasabudgetof2.086millionThemuseum’sremitcoversthecollection,management,documentation,researchandexhibiofwhichRubensandhisschoolhaveacentralplace.Themuseumalsohasasubstantialcollectionnineteenth-centuryandmodernart,includingimportantworksbyEnsorandWouters.art,andforpublicrelationsandcommunication.hasthenecessaryqualitiestoplayanimportantroleintheinternationalforum. 1.Networking 1.1.A network for the documentation of art history aboutOneoftheotheractivitiesofthebureauconcernstheproductionofscientificpublicationsFlemishaticpublicationofexcerptsfromspecialistliteraturewillhelptokeepthescientificresearchintotionabouttheprovenanceofworksofart,thecollectingworld,theartmarket,etc.Thesystem-Itcollectsmaterialdataonworksofartandbiographicaldataaboutartists,aswellasinforma-bedoneincooperationwithothermuseumsandcentres,suchastheRubenianuminAntwerp.tendocumentationonFlemishartfromtheMiddleAgestothepresentday.ThiswilleventuallyKunsthistorischeDocumentatie),thisnetworkcollectsandprovidesaccesstovisualandwrit-theNationalDutchOfficeforDocumentationonArtHistory(NederlandsRijksbureauvoortory,withlinkswithanumberofleadingFlemishmuseumsandresearchinstitutes.BasedonIn2001,theKMSKAstartedworkonestablishinganetworkforthedocumentationofarthisartuptodate,andcontributetoanactivecollectionpolicyinFlanders.Flemishartincollectionsathomeandabroad.

1.3.Collection

1.2.CODART inofindividualworksofart.Toprepareforthiscomprehensiveplan,apilotprojectwillbesetupprovidemoreinformationaboutthecontentofeachcatalogueinthefuture–evenatthelevelcatalogues.Inadditiontocompletingthesedataforallmuseums,thecentrealsohopestotheircollections.Inthissystem,CODARTaimstoexpandanddevotemoreattentiontothewebsitewww.codart.nlhascontainedalistofmuseumswhichhaveDutchandFlemishartinworksofartfromtheNetherlandsandFlandersallovertheworld.Sinceitwasestablished,theOneofthespecificobjectivesofCODARTistoprovideaninsightintothedistributionofofandDutchartaimedatpromotingcooperationinthefieldofthestudyandexhibitionoftheartsuchasCODART.ThisisaninternationalassociationofmuseumswithcollectionsofFlemishObviouslythedocumentationcentrewillworkinconjunctionwithinternationalnetworkstheLowCountries.2002incooperationwiththeKMSKA. Management and conservation

agementFlemishmuseumstogetherwiththeintentionofexaminingtheproblemsrelatedtothemanagementofthecollectiontooktheinitiativein2001tobringtheregistrarsofanumberofWithinthedepartmentofcollectionmanagementandconservation,thedivisionforthemanofcollections.In2003,thisinitiativewillbeexploredinfurtherdetail.

ChapterIII.5–113

managementIn2003,thedepartmentwillstarttheimplementationofTheMuseumSystem,acollectionteachDepartmentofVisualArtsandMuseums.In2003staffmembersfromthedepartmentwillco-museumconsultantforconservationandmanagementoftheFlemishCommunity,Thecollectionmanagementdivisionwillalsocooperatewithinitiativesputforwardbytheaworkshoponthetransportofworksofart.andsoftwaresystem.. 2.Research projects PublicThedepartmentsfortheResearch,MaintenanceandManagementoftheCollections,andforRelationscarriedoutseveralresearchprojectsin2002. 2.1.Catalogue of the museum’s paintings voorcontainingtheresultsofmorethoroughresearchintothepaintingsoftheKoninklijkMuseumInaddition,ascheduleisbeingdrawnupforthepublicationofindividualcataloguesavailablebymakingthebasicdataofthepaintingsintheKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchoneKunstenTheaimisthattheresultsofthisresearchwillbeaccessibletoeveryonebeforetheendof2003,collection.materialsandinscriptions,andtoenterthesedatainthenewregistrationsystemforthesystematicallycheckthematerialbasicdataofallthepaintingsin2003aswell,viz.,thesizes,conversiontothisnewsystemstartedinthebeginningof2003.Aplanisbeingdrawnuptopaintings.Thesedatawereincorporatedinthenewregistrationsystemforthecollection;thelargelychecked,viz.,theinventorynumbers,artists’names,titles,andtheprovenanceofBecauseofthefull-timeemploymentofafewemployees,anumberofbasicdatahavenowbeentionalHistoryintheNetherlandsandagreementswereconcludedwithregardtoadoptinginterna-lierdate.ContactswerealsomadewiththeNationalDepartmentfortheDocumentationofArtMuseuminUtrecht,whichcarriedoutasimilarresearchprojectonitsowncollectionatanear-willalsobecheckedandupdated.ForthisresearchthereisclosecooperationwiththeCentralanalysis(i.e.,attributions),exhibitions,specificbibliographiesandrelevantarchiveinformationiconographicidentification,dates,informationonprovenance,observationsbasedonstylisticpaintingsinthecollection.Inadditiontodimensions,materialsandanyrestorationdata,Intheshortterm,themuseumaimstocompletelyrevisethebasicdescriptionsofthe3,200norms.online.SchoneKunsten. 2.2.Research related to art history infessorKatelijneVanderStighelen(KULeuven)andthenot-for-profitorganisation,Gynaika,theInteruniversityCourseforWomen’sStudies,UniversityofAntwerp,withlecturesbyProAgender-relatedresearchandpresentationprogrammeisbeingcarriedoutincooperationwithAntwerp,onthistopic(alsoseeexhibitions4.2). 2.3.Research into technical materials continuestartedin2000inthecontextofauniversityresearchproject(FWO-Flanders-UFSIA),willTheinfraredexaminationofthepaintingsbyPeterPaulRubensandhiscontemporaries,whichin2003. ChapterIII.5–114

KMSKAcollectioninrelationtotheexhibition,Astartwillbemadeonthetechnicalmaterialexaminationofanumberofdiptychesinthe EarlyNetherlandishDiptychs.Form,function andproduction. insightX-raysandinfraredreflectographsweremadeofseveralpaintingsinthecollectiontoprovideanintoselves,andwherenecessary,analysesandtransversesectionsofthepaint,willprovideaninsightX-rays,infraredreflectography,dendrochronologicalresearch,thestudiesoftheworksthemtheform,functionandpaintingtechniquesofthediptychs.intotheconditionoftheworksofartconcerned. 2.4.Public relations paintings.coaching,thisresearchresultsinveryvaluableaddedinformationforthefilesonthemuseum’sintothestudyofmaterialtechnicalaspectsofoldpaintings.BecauseofitshighlyprofessionaltheFacultyofArtscometotheKMSKAeveryyear,toengageinalongtermresearchprojectInacooperationprojectwiththeUniversityofGroningen(TheNetherlands),studentsfromconsultationpublicrelationsdepartmenttofindoutthebestwayofcollectingandarchivingthesedata,invicesformuseumvisitorsandso-calledmuseumstakeholders.Thisresearchshouldenablethetheevaluationofpolicyeffectsandtheimprovementoftheeducationalandrecreationalserlysedandseeninrelationtolonger-termresultsofinternalandexternalorigin,withaviewto(1810/1890)isexamined.AnattemptismadetoseehowthesedatacanbethoroughlyanaTheavailableinformationonmuseumvisitorssincetheestablishmentofthemuseumwithexternalexperts. 3.Publications 3.1.Yearbook Vredemanpreparedatthemomentagainfocusesonaspecifictopic.Thisrelatestotheexhibition,“HanstheYearbookfor2001wasthereforeviewedasananthology.TheYearbookfor2002beingresearchresultsinvariousdifferentfields,independentlyofaspecifictopic,atregularintervals,AstheeditorialofficealsothoughtthatitwasimportantfortheYearbooktoincorporateyoufocusedonthetopicofgenderissues,followingfromtheexhibition“Elckzijnwaarom”(AslowingtheVanDyckexhibition,andthishasprovedverysuccessful.TheYearbookfor2000Belgium.Theeditorialofficetookafreshlookattheformandcontentofthepublication,folFineArts)isthelongestrunningandmostimportantpublicationonarthistoryinFlandersandTheJaarboek(Yearbook)oftheKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchoneKunsten(RoyalMuseumofwill).deVries”,andthereforeconcernsstyleandanoveralldecorativetheme. 3.2.Files Following the permanent loan of Goswin Van Der Weyden, TheLegendofSt.Dympna. OnthepaintingintheKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchoneKunsten,newOnlatemedievalpaintingsintheKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchoneKunsten,inresponsetothestructureimplementedforthispartofthecollectionin2002. MadonnawithInfantJohn theBaptist byAllessandroAllori.Thisfilepresentstheresearchresultsofthestudyforthecata logue of the collection for the public. ChapterIII.5–115

A large file on the restoration of the PesaroAltarpiece by Asummaryoftherestorationscarriedoutintheperiod1997-2003.SeeconservationandresTitian.toration(5).ArediscoveredpaintingbyW.Finch, LandscapeinSeneffe. 3.3.“Insure the collection” publishedandconservationwrotethesectionson“Paintings”and“TransportPreparation”.Thesewillbemunity,DepartmentofVisualArtsandMuseums,thedepartemntofcollectionmanagementInthecontextofthepublication,“Insurethecollection”,bytheMinistryoftheFlemishComduringthecourseof2003. 3.4.Museum book: Van Eyck to Alechinsky worksIntheautumnof2003,aworkwillbepublishedwithcommentsandillustrationsof120topintheKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchoneKunsten. 4.Exhibitions 4.1.The exhibition office communicationpresentations,thedevelopmentofadiverseeducationalprovisionandpublicrelationsandexhibitionprogrammesandtheexhibitionprojects,permanentpresentationsandchangingTheexhibitionofficeisintegratedinthepublicrelationsdepartment.Thecoordinationoftheactivitiesarecoordinatedbetterasaresult. 4.2.Exhibitions in 2003 Memling MemlingDecemberrestoration2001to2006Instrumentalup to 2/03/2003 Thelong-term restoration projectonthethreemonumentalpanelsrepresenting Christwith Angels,SingingandMakingMusic, Museum(KMKG,4representedveryrealistically.ThankstothecooperationoftheBrusselsMusicalInstrumentsowntime:theinstrumentsthataredepicted,aswellasthewayinwhichtheyareplayed,areMarch2003.MemlingInstrumentalrevealsthatMemlingwasfamiliarwiththemusicofhissupplementingtherestorationitself.MemlingInstrumentalranfrom21December2002to2lowedbythepubliconadailybasis.Everysixmonths,therearenewtheme-basedpresentationsisorganisedasanopenrestorationwhichcanbecloselyfolthdepartment)andtheMunicipalMuseumsofBruges,someofthestringinstruments(violandpsaltery)andwindinstruments(shawnandtrumpets)whichareshowninMemling’sworks,areexhibitedupto2March2003.Thevisitorisalsogivenanopportunitytolistentothesemusicalinstrumentsandfragmentsofvocalmusicofthe15thcentury.Alsoseeconservationandrestoration(5). ChapterIII.5–116

Femmesfatales

Wie zoet is, krijgt lekkers Old children’s books, new illustrations Up to Memling’simagery.JamesEnsor,RikWouters,EdgarTytgat,GustdeSmet,andaboveall,HansatthecollectioninthemuseumonthebasisoftheirownspecificdisciplineandtheirpersonalSchoonooghe,AndréSollie,KlaasVerplancke,GeertVervaekeandAnneWesterduintolookCandaele,CarllCneut,ErikaCotteleer,GerdaDendooven,KoenFossey,IngridGodon,TomTheKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchoneKunsten(KMSKA)invitedDorusBrekelmans,An/AdoubleexhibitionintwolocationsincooperationwiththeAntwerpMunicipalLibrary,NJC09/03/2003VillaKakelbont,ErfgoedcelAntwerpen(HeritageUnit,Antwerp) ChristwithAngels,SingingandMakingMusic, allhadanirresistibleattractionfor these Ensorillustrators.andthemodernists in the museum collection. From In17/05Femmescollection.havebeenimprovedandsupplementedwitha“highlights”audiotourthroughthemuseuminvariousensemblesinthelowerhallsofthemuseum.Thepublicguidesintheexhibitionhallswealthofthiscollectionisexhibitedinamuchbroaderandthoroughlyrenovatedpresentationestablishmentanddevelopmentofthiscollection.Thestylistic,iconographicandaesthetictothe1960s.ItalsoreflectsthetasteofthecuratorsandcollectorswhowereatthebasisoftheThereforethecollectionisrepresentativeoftheartisticproductioninFlandersandBelgiumupwellKarelAppelafter1945.TheartistsoftheZerogroup:LucioFontanaandGuntherUecker,asevenRenéMagritte.ThereareimportantandremarkableworksbyPierreAllechinskyandanextremelyoriginalpathwhichtakestheviewertotheartofGeorgGrosz,PaulDelvauxandandBenNicholsonrepresenttheavant-gardemovement.GustaveVandeWoestijnefollowedhasaplaceofhonourinthegroupsdatingfrombetweenthewars.OscarJespers,JozefPeetersadditiontoGustDeSmet,ConstantPermekeandJeanBrusselmans,AmadeoModiglianialsoBreitner,LéonSpilliaert,JakobSmitsandJulesSchmalzigaugareexcellentlyrepresented.InbyJamesEnsorandRikWoutersaretrulyunparalleled.HenriEvenepoel,aswellasGeorghasoneofthemostimportantcollectionsofmodernartinBelgium.ThecollectionsofworksTheKMSKAisknownforRubens,theBaroqueperiodandtheFlemishPrimitives,butalso29/03/2003asVicGentilsandRogerRaveel,viewthepaintingasanobject.fatales,1860-1910to17/08/2003cooperationwiththeGroningerMuseum

KlingerWaterhouse,Toorop,Corinth,Liebermann,Moreau,Draper,Sandys,Beardsley,Collier,Theexhibitionconsistsofapproximately50works,includingworksbyRops,Khnopff,Cleopatrasshowanysleepingorbathingbeauties,orcharmingflirts,butonlysphinxes,Salomés,beautyandsensuality,theyliterallymanagedtoruinmen.ThereforetheexhibitiondoesnotThesefemmesfatalesarenotonlyseductiveandsensual,butbecauseoftheircombinationofshowshowartistsviewedthefemmesfataleattheendofthenineteenthcentury.andCirces.andMunch. ChapterIII.5–117

Flanders-Genoa, interaction in 17th-century baroque painting Europalia Guidobonomakethisexhibitionanexceptionaleventthatisnottobemissed.sixtymasterworksbyCambiaso,Paggi,Strozzi,Castiglione,Castello,Assereto,Vassalloandotherhand,itprovidesavariedsummaryoftheworksfromtheGenoeseseicento.ApproximatelybitionaimstorevealthereciprocalinfluencebetweenFlemishandGenoeseartists,whileonthedeWaelandJanRoosevensettledpermanentlyinthisportinLiguria.Ontheonehand,theexhibookform.Asaresultofthefavourablefinancialandartisticclimate,theFlemishartistsCornelisiedthemagnificentarchitectureoftheGenoesepalaceswhichhelaterpublishedindrawingsintradingcityandimmortalisedthepatriciansinsumptuousportraits.Furthermore,Rubenscoppatricianswaslikeamagnetforartists.PieterPaulRubensandAntoonVanDycksettledintheflourishedforashorttimetobecomethefinancialnervecentreofEurope.TheprosperityofthelectorsofFlemishpaintingsandtapestries.Atthebeginningoftheseventeenthcentury,GenoaGenoesewerealreadyinBrugesinthetwelfthcentury.Genoesebankingfamilieswereavidcolteenthcentury,whenmerchantsandbankersinthetwocitieswereinclosecontact.Infact,theBelgium.TheculturalexchangebetweenAntwerpandtherepublicofGenoaoriginatedinthefifdevotinganexhibitiontoGenoesebaroquepaintings.ItisthefirsttimethatthishashappenedinInresponsetoEuropaliaItaly,theKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchoneKunstenAntwerpenis4/10/2003Italyto4/01/2004 Exhibition project abroad The dignity of the humble. Jean-François Millet and Naturalism in Europe. Bunkamara Museum of Art, Tokyo, 10/04 to 13/07/2003 Fukuoka Art Museum, Fukuoka 24/07 to andFrançoisMillet,JulesBretonandGustaveCourbetwasassimilatedbyartistsalloverEurope(KMSKA1997),thisexhibitionshowshowtheiconographicandaestheticheritageofJean-exihibtion“Thepeopleoutandabout.NaturalisminBelgiumandEuropa1870-1915”IncooperationwiththeMuséed’OrsayandNipponTelevisionNetwork,andfollowingthe26/09/2003modernisedinacuriouswayduringthelastdecadeofthe19thcentury.JamesEnsorinthecollectionoftheKoninklijkMuseumvoorSchoneKunsten,AntwerpStateMuseumforEthnographicArt.St.Petersburg,27/09to23/10/2003TheexhibitionisorganisedbythecityofAntwerpincooperationwiththeKMSKA,andprovidesarepresentativesurveyofthenatureandevolutionoftheartofJamesEnsor,onthebasisof20worksfromthemuseumcollection. 5.Conservation and restoration 5.1.Paintings willfocusontherestorationofthethreelargepanels,Alargeproportionofthescientificresearchtobecarriedoutin2003andthefollowingyearstransportactivitiesarecarriedoutinthefieldofconservation,usuallyrelatedtopreparingpaintingsfortacklingthebackloginthefieldofconservationandrestoration.AnumberofverydifferentSinceitwasestablishedinApril1999,therestorationworkshophasdevotedalotofitstimetoorexhibitions.Inaddition,anumberofpaintingsarebeingrestored. ChristwithAngels,SingingandMaking Music, by Hans Memling (inv. nos. 778-780). ChapterIII.5–118

Otherscientificquestionswhicharise.Duringtherestoration–whichwilltakeseveralyears–thefollowingwellasthetimewhenitwascarriedout,willdependontheprogressoftherestorationandthethepanels,whichwillalsohelpwiththerestoration.Thecontentofthescientificresearch,asOntheonehand,theexaminationwillfocusonthematerialsandpaintingtechniquesusedondeblockthreelargepanelsstartedin2002.Thefirststepin2002willbetofixthelayersofpaint,Followingadetailedpreliminaryexaminationwhichstartedin2001,therestorationofthethethreepanelsandstartthecleaningprocess.activitieswillbecarriedout:•furtherexaminationoftheX-rays•furtherexaminationoftheunderlyingdrawingusinginfraredreflectography•dendrochronologicalexaminationofthewood•examinationoftheconstructionoftheframesofthethreepanels•anexaminationoftransversesectionsofthepaint,ifnecessary•analysisofthematerials,ifnecessaryrestorationsstarted,carriedoutorconcludedin2003include:• Suzanne by Oscar Jespers (inv. no. 2731) • FeastoftheArchers transverseresearchincludingdendrochronologicalexaminations,analysesandanexaminationofthecertainlybelinkedtothestudyofX-raysandinfraredexamination.AdditionalscientificattributedtotheMasterofFrankfurt(inv.no.529).Thisrestorationwillsectionsofthepaintwillbecarriedoutiftherestorationrequiresthis. • MadonnaandChildandtheThreeMagi bytheMasteroftheSt.Ursulalegend.(inv.nos. 5004-5004bis) • FamilyPortrait by Cornelis de Vos (inv. no. 841) • PortraitofMrs.Mols-DeBrialmont by N. De Keyser (inv. no. 1772) • TheTemptationofSt.Anthony by David Teniers II (inv. no. 859) • Fisherman’sboy by Frans Hals (inv. no. 188) • PortraitofStephanusGeeraerdts by Frans Hals (inv. no. 647) • TheProdigalSon by Peter Paul Rubens (inv. no. 781) • ElijahwithElisha by Jan Metsijs (inv. no. 5024) • TheYoungTobiaswithanAngelinaLandscape by Denijs van Alsloot (inv. no. 865) • MadonnaandChildandtheinfantJohntheBaptist by Alessandro Allori (inv. no. 896) Inthecourseof2003,adetailedfileontherestorationofTitian’s JacopaPesaro willbepub lished, in cooperation with researchers from the National Gallery, London. 5.2.Drawings conserved.Scheidwillbethesubjectofexpertconservation.In2003,thelastseriesofdrawingswillbeInthecontextoftheRikWoutersexhibition,in2002anumberofdrawingsintheBogaert6.Library, archives and documentation 6.1.Library entimportantcollectionofauctioncataloguesdatingfromthemid-eighteenthcenturytothepresexhibitioncatalogues,museumcatalogues,commercialcataloguesetc.Thelibraryalsohasan800journals,300ofwhicharecurrentsubscriptions.Itincludesmonographs,referenceworks,TheKMSKAartlibraryisaspecialscientificlibrary.Ithasapproximately50,000volumesandday(partofthisisincludedin TheGettyProvenanceIndex). ChapterIII.5–119

ThefollowingCD-ROMsareavailableforconsultationinthelibrary: Records,Répertoired’Artetd’ArchéologieGettyProvenanceIndex,InternationalRepertoryofArtLiterature,MayerInternationalAuctionKünstlerlexikon,ArtIndex,ArtSalesIndex,BelgischeBibliografie,BibliographyoftheHistoryofArt,Allgemeines .Thefollowingareavailableonmicrofilm: ArtSales Catalogues1600-1825,MarburgerIndex Thevice.Aselectionof280journalsfromitsowncollectionofjournalsisincludedinANTILOPE.BRONCO),withthepossibilityofrequestingliteraturebymeansofaninterlibraryloanseronlinesubscriptiontoconsultIMPALA(thedatabanksZEBRA,ANTILOPE,CCB,bookscanner,colourphotocopyingmachineandanInternetconnection.Thelibraryhasanfiche(collectioninventoriesandreportsofthesessionsoftheboardofdirectors).Thereisa.PartoftheKMSKA’sownarchivesarealsoonmicrolibraryalsohasasubscriptiontotheonlinedatabank ARTBibliographiesModern. Thepublic,Furthermore,itcontainsabroadrangeofliteratureonmuseum-relatedmatters.Intermsofthescientificresearch,italsocollectsinformationpublishedabouttheKMSKA’sowncollection.withafocusontheperiod1200to1950(artistsbornbefore1950).ForthepurposesofIntermsofsubjectmatter,thelibraryconcentratesonthehistoryofwesternartandculture,databank,digitalversiononseveralCD-ROMs.EventuallythesefileswillbeincludedinafulltextTheseriesofYearbooksoftheKMSKAfortheperiod1921-1999hasbeenconvertedintoawithrelatedsearchpossibilities.itservesacademics,doctoratestudents,studentsandotherinterestedparties.followingactivitiesareplannedfor2003:•transferringtothesoftwaresystemBROCADEoftheUIAfortheonlinepublicaccesscatalogue;•thecontinueddevelopmentofaproactivepolicyofacquisitionwithregardtopublicationsontheOldMastersofFlandersandtheNetherlands. 6.2.Collection documentation possibilityofprovidingthenecessarytrainingwascreated.Contactswerealsomadeandagreeoneemployeewasemployedfulltimeforthedevelopmentofthisdocumentationcentre.TheFlemishmuseumsandresearchinstitutesandwhichwasstartedin2001.Inthecourseof2002,willfindaplaceinthenetworkforthedocumentationofarthistory,whichlinksanumberofthepublicandsupplementitwiththemostrecentresearchdata.Eventuallythisdocumentationdocumentationoneverypieceinthecollectionwithinastrictschedule,tomakeitavailabletocloselytotheresearchfortheupdatedcatalogue(cf.supra).Theaimistocollecttheexistinganddevelopmentofthearchive,andthearchivesmaterialsofarthistory,andcorrespondsThedocumentationcentrecurrentlybeingdevelopediscomplementarytothemanagementmentsconcluded,sothatanumberofstudentsonworkplacementscouldbeinvolvedin2003onsmall,individualprojectstomakethebestofthedevelopmentandcommunicationsofthedocumentationcentre.Alargeproportionofthedocumentationhasalreadybeencentralizedandlisted.Fileshavealsobeendrawnupbytheartist’snameandbyinventorynumber,inadditiontoaninventoryofthearchivesintheKoninklijkMuseum.Theaimistocollecttheexistingdocumentationoneverypieceinthecollectionandsupplementitwiththemostrecentresearchdata. 6.3Scientific services informationwhichistailor-madefortheclientisoneofthetasksoftheresearchdepartment.mationonarthistorythatisrequiredislookedup,andthesequestionsareanswered.ProvidingistswhomayormaynotberepresentedinthecollectionoftheKoninklijkMuseum.TheinforTherearealsomanyquestionsfromexternalresearchersaboutaparticularpaintingoraboutartintionsandloans.Theyalsoprovideinformationtomuseums,scientificinstitutesandresearchersThevariousdepartmentsoftheKMSKAgiveinternaladvicewithregardtopurchases,donarelationtoexhibitionsorstudies. ChapterIII.5–120

Programme 45.5General policy on culture BA 12.24Surveys, studies and audits The funds for 2003 amount to 0.124 million context,contentandsupportingthemethodologyofresearchonparticipationinaninternationalmillionEUR.Withthissum,thesupportcentrewillspecificallyfocusondevelopingthefieldofculturalparticipation.Thefundsforthisresearchonparticipationamountto0.124centreistocollectanddrawupasystematicsetofpolicyindicatorsandorganisesurveysintheculturalpolicyonthebasisofhighqualityscientificresearch.ThebasicaimofthesupportTheinteruniversitysupportcentreaimstosupportthepolicyandmanagementcycleofFlemishdersBA12.31ParticipationresearchbytheInteruniversitySupportCentreforRecreationinFlan‘CD-ROMheritageinthecontextofthedecreeontopworksofart’,‘Assistanceandservicesfordetainees’,‘ResearchintoBroadSchools’,‘Continuingtodrawupaninventoryofthemoveableculturalfollowingstudies:‘Policyonyouthculture’,‘StudyonjobprofilesintheSupportCentres’,Inthecourseof2002,thefundsof0.248millionEURwasusedtostartandcarryoutthepreparationbetterinsightintoproblemsintheculturalsector.ThesearecarriedoutwithaviewtotheThisiswhollyintendedforstudiesandsurveysbythirdpartieswhichareaimedatgainingaEUR.ofpolicy.sportsparticipation’,and‘Sponsorship’.withparticularattentiontocomparisonswiththeNetherlands. OA 49Services of the Secretary-General Programme 49.2Tourism BA 33.01Subsidy for the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (Decree of 30 May 1985) TheRoyalZoologicalSociety(KMDA)hasthefollowing missionstatement ApproximatelyNations,federatedentities.Thismethodologicalframework,whichwasapprovedbytheUniteddersestablishedafeasibilitystudyforTourismSatelliteAccounts(TSA),togetherwithotherFollowingtheapprovaloftheEuropeanresolution,“ThefutureofEuropeantourism”,Flanevaluated2003.Thesedatawillbeavailableby2004.Inaddition,theFlemishmarketingpolicywillbeTheresearchintotheMICEmarket(Meetings,Incentive,CongressandEvents)willstartinusefulnessaccessibilityoftheFlemishtouristinfrastructure.Ontheotherhand,therewasastudyontheaccessibilityinEurope.Togetherwithearlierresearch,thisshouldresultinimprovingtheinparticular,ontheonehand,onabenchmarkingstudyofthecriteriaandlabelsrelatingtoIn2002,therewasasignificantreductionintheresearchbudget.ThelimitedfundswerespentBAapproximatelyThefundsforthesciencepolicyconcernedamountsto1.687millionEUR,ofwhichsituuniversitiesandspecialistinstitutesinmanyfields.Theemphasisis,aboveall,onresearchinincorporatedinalltheworkcarriedoutbytheKMDA.ThisinvolvescooperationwithOneofitskeytasksisscientificresearch.Thereforethecomponentofscientificresearchisconservationcentury:“Tomakeacontributiontotheconservationofnature,andinparticular,theforthenextofthediversityoflifeonearth.”(particularlyinthespecialistfieldsofethologyandveterinarymedicine).0.512millionisforresearch.41.01GrantforTourismFlandersofsignsforcycleroutesinFlanders.onthebasisofmeasurementsofefficiency.willprovideacorrectcalculationoftheeconomicimportanceoftourism.0.188millionEURisprovidedforR&Din2003. ChapterIII.5–121

ChapterIII.5–122

ChapterIII.5–123

5.ECONOMICS,EMPLOYMENT,HOMEAFFAIRSANDAGRICULTUREDEPARTMENT OA 51Economics Administration Programme 51.2Policy of economic support BA 99.11Allocation authorisation Fund for subsidiary economic policy Transfers to Flemish centres of excellence Geo-InformationIncubationCentre).TheseinitiativesaredescribedindetailinChapterIII.3.backboneoftheFlemisheconomicfabric(FlemishHouseofLogistics,FlandersMechatronics,concreteterms,thisconcernsanumberofinitiativeswhichconsiderablystrengthenthetoimplementtheprotocolbetweenthepolicyareas“economics-innovationpolicy”.InAsumof30millionEURwasallocatedforthedevelopmentofFlemishcentresofexcellence, Economic Support Centre year,contractwasallocatedtoVlerick/KULeuven/RUGin2002andrunsupto2006.UptothatCentreinsupportofpolicy.Thecentre’sowncontributionamountedto124,000EUR.The0.744millionEURwerereservedintheEducationbudgetin2002fortheEconomicSupport124,000EURwillhavetobeallocatedeveryyear. Programme 51.5Natural Resources and Energy Sciencetownthecontextofthepolicyonlicensingandthegraveldecreeandforfutureregionalplansforsamplingandanalysestodeterminethepotentialofminingareas.ResearchisalsonecessaryintothegeologicalmappingofFlanders(digitalisation),andtherandomexploratorydrilling,ofdataontheFlemishsubsoilintheFlandersSubsoilDatabank(DOV).Inaddition,wereferneedforexternalscientificandtechnologicalservices.OneoftheprioritiesisthecentralisationDatabank(DOV).Inthecontextofthepolicyonmineralsandgeologicalresearch,thereisainparticularwithregardtothegeologicalmappingofFlandersandtheFlandersSubsoilThisbasicallocationisusedforrecurrentorroutinetaskswithanoutputwhichsupportspolicy,presenceBA12.03Expenditureforresearchintotheundergroundgeologicalstructure,thepossibleSciencemineralisations,Inaddition,strategicgeologicalstructuralstudiesarecarriedout,forexample,intometallicstudies.Supportingprojectsarealsocarriedouttopromotetheuseofalternativerawmaterials.productionofprimaryandsecondaryrawmaterialsandthespaceusedforthisarepartofthesegeologicalstructureoftheFlemishsubsoil.DrawingupstatisticsontheconsumptionandThesefundsparticularlysupportshort-termappliedresearchintominingactivitiesandthestructureBA12.02Avarietyofexpenditureforresearchintoissuesrelatedtosubterraneangeologicalandwithregardtoautomaticdataprocessingdevotingattentiontominingactivitieswhichmightbeeconomicallyviable.policyfunds:0.096millionEURofmineralsandregardingtheFlandersSubsoilDatabankandcountryplanningwithregardtominingactivities.policyfunds:0.493millionEUR ChapterIII.5–124

BA12.25Agreements related to the energy Scienceavailablestandardmethodsdeterminedinadvance.Thegeologicaldatawhichareacquiredarewhollydescribeandprocessgeologicalinformationinaprofessionalway–inaccordancewith2,500EURperproject),aimedattheacquisitionofgeologicaldata.Theintentionistocollect,Thisbasicallocationisusedforthefinancialsupportofprojects(fixedsumofapproximatelyBA44.01SubsidiesforinitiativeswhichsupporttheacquisitionofdataontheFlemishsubsoilScienceThevarioussourcesandtotalenergy);therationaluseofenergy(REG)andactionstobeimplementedinimpactofenvironmentallyfriendlyenergyproductionhastobeexamined(renewableenergysociallyacceptableenergypricesforallsocialgroups.Ontheotherhand,thepossibilitiesandThisbasicallocationisaimedatresearchinsupportofpolicyfortheintroductionofcorrectandpolicysectors.fundsareusedfortasksinsupportofpolicyonbehalfof:•TheTaskForcefortheFlemishClimatepolicyplan;•TheREGactionplan(“rationalenergyconsumption”)inthedomesticsector;•TheREGactionplanintheservicesector;•PreparationoftheREGactionplanswiththeenergysector;•Energypolicyagreementswithindustry;•TheconversionoftheEuropeandirectivesonliberatingtheenergymarkets;•Thesocialobligationsonpublicservices;•Theobligationsonpublicserviceswithregardtorationalenergyconsumptionandenvironmentally-friendlyenergyproduction;•ThestrategicplanforthedevelopmentoftotalenergyintheFlemishRegion;•DrawingupthestrategiclinesfortheapplicationofrenewableenergyinFlanders;policyfunds:0.597millionEURtotheGovernmentofFlanders.policyfunds:0.025millionEUR OA 52Employment Administration Programme 52.4Employment BA 12.22Studies and arescientificresearchandthepolicyontheemploymentmarket,makingsurethatnewemphasesdemandintheemploymentmarket,andendeavourtoachievegoodcoordinationbetweentheicy,thepartiesinvolvedaimtogainabetterunderstandingoftheevolutionofsupplyandWiththismodelofstrategicscientificresearchintotheemploymentmarketinsupportofpolReportingindustryandmanagement.VIONAstandsforFlemishInteruniversityResearchNetworkforandscientificinputinthisfield,theGovernmentofFlandersestablishedVIONAtogetherwithInordertoprovidemoresupportforpolicybasedonaknowledgeoftheemploymentmarket,researchresearchprojectsandtrendreportswhichareselectedonthebasisofanannualinvitationformonitoringand/orevaluatingtheFlemishpolicyonemployment.ThisparticularlyconcernsThisbasicallocationisintendedforresearchintotheemploymentmarket,aimedatsupporting,researchonparticulartopics.ontheEmploymentMarketandhasbeenoperationalsince1April1994.introducedingoodtimewhichcorrespondtorecentsocialdevelopments. ChapterIII.5–125

thevisibilityevenfurther,forexample,byorganisingstudydays(includingtheVIONATheEmploymentadministrationandtheresearchteamscarriedoutspecialactionstoincreaseproblempersonnelpolicyfocussingontheemploymentmarket,theearlydetectionofvacanciesininFlanders,therecognitionofcompetencesacquiredelsewhere,thecostsandbenefitsofamarketmechanismsinemploymentmediation,socialauditsandsociallyresponsibleenterpriseinputforvariouspolicyproposalsandmeasures,anddealt,interalia,withtheintroductionofForexample,twelveresearchproductshadalreadybeensubmittedin2002.Theseprovidedenceadministrations,cabinets,industryandmanagementandexperts.BridgesarebuiltbetweensciOneoftheaddedvaluesoftheVIONAmodelisitsbroadscope,becauseoftheinvolvementof10.Mainstreaming2002:ofFlandersapprovedthefollowingresearchprojects.Theseprojectsstartedintheautumnoftraditionalemploymentmarketasaheuristicresearchconcept.Inthiscontext,theGovernmentIntheVIONAcallforproposalsin2002,agreatdealofattentionwasdevotedtoaspectsofthesequenceemploymentmarket,bullyingandotherundesirablebehaviouratwork,thescope,nature,con-temforFlanders,theapproachtowaysofgettingpeoplewithalowlevelofeducationintotheresponsestotheconceptof“thedegreeofworkability”andthefeasibilityofamonitoringsys-currentscreeningpracticeinthecontextofstimulatinganactivepreventivepolicy,thepossiblenies,thequalityofworkplacementsasaformoflearningintheworkplace,theevaluationofthe2002.TheseconcernedtopicssuchasopenlearninganddistancelearninginFlemishcompaInadditiontothispanelsurveyondemand,severalotherresearchprojectswerecarriedoutingenerateditpossibletofollowthedevelopmentsonthedemandside(companies).ThefirstresultswerenalsurveywhichisaimedatreducingthenumberofadhocsurveysofcompaniesandwillmakeSurveyofOrganisationsinFlanders(PASO)wassetupattheendof2000.ThisisalongitudiWiththefundsfromtheProgrammeofPolicy-orientedResearch(PBO)andESF,thePanel(pointketwasagainstrengthenedin2003,becauseoftheco-fundingoftheEuropeanSocialFundAsinpreviousyears,theFlemisheffortswithregardtoresearchaimedattheemploymentmarLabour(IUA)andonthebasisofthecoordinationoftheFlemishSupportCentreforEmployment,ThescientificsupportandexecutiontakeplacethroughtheInteruniversityAdvisoryCouncilemploymentmarketandanalysestheresultsinordertoformulatepolicyrecommendations.ResearchonEmployment(SSA)determinesthegeneralorientationoftheresearchintotheTheVIONAmodelisbasedonthreeelements.TheSteeringgroupforStrategicMarketandTraining(WAV).6ofobjective3ESF).attheendof2002.andremedies,businessesstartingupinFlanders,etc.1.Processevaluationoftheindividualpathfollowedbyjobseekers.2.Anevaluationofpositiveactionplansforimmigrantsanddiversityplans.3.Anexaminationofcareersinemployment:researchintothePSBHdatabank.4.Conclusionsabouttheemploymentmarketfromtimeusestudies.5.Anexaminationofdevelopmentontheemploymentmarketandpolicychallengesfrom2004-2010.6.Astudyofbestpracticestoimprovetheclimateoflearningingeneralandtoovercomeresistanceinpeoplewithalowlevelofeducation.7.Internationaldevelopmentswithregardtoapolicyoffacilitationwithregardtotransitions.8.Thedevelopmentofabenchmarkingtool.9.PossibilitiesandrestrictionsontheuseoffiscalinstrumentsintheFlemishpolicyonemployment.ofsociallyresponsibleenterprise.andpolicyandthe“products”arebroadlyreflected.areas,theinternationalisationoftheFlemishemploymentmarket,etc. ChapterIII.5–126

www.viona.beMoreinformationoncompletedandcurrentresearchprojectscanbefoundonthewebsitereferenceEmploymentMarketwork?Policy-orientedemploymentmarketresearchinFlanders”.Thisinternet(www.viona.be),andfinally,thepublicationofthe2002VIONAbook“Doesthedialoguedayon24April2002),thepublicationofarticlesinjournals,publicationsontheworkcontainsthesummariesofalmost20studiesoverthepasttwoyears. OA 53Home Affairs Administration Programme 53.1Local and regional authorities BA 12.20Study costs related to regional and local public authorities Good policy preparation requires sound external scientific 0.780perspectiveresearch,andfinally,theinterpretationofthesocialandadministrativedevelopmentsfromthevisionontheinternaladministrativeorganisationinFlanders,thefollow-upofscientifictheHomeAffairsAdministration.TheSupremeCouncilmustcontributetodevelopingaInaddition,thestudycostsoftheSupremeCouncilforHomeAffairsfallundertheexpenseofipality,vantsinmunicipalitiesandprovinces,therelationshipbetweenthetopcivilservantsinamunic-Additionalresearchwillbecarriedout,forexampleintothefinancialsituationoftopcivilser-supportdevelopmentofsuitablesoftwareisveryimportantinthisrespect:thismustmakeitpossibletopositionoftheadministration,thepositionwithregardtotheexecutionofbudgets,etc.Thetureatalltimesofe.g.,thefinancialbalance,andtheprognosesinthisrespect,theliquiditysystemmustalsocomprisethenecessarytechniquesandpossibilitiestoprovideacorrectpic-meetsthevariousformsofinformationprovision,bothinternallyandexternally.ThisfinancialItwillbenecessarytodrawupafinancialreportingsystembasedonthebookkeepingwhichresearch,suchastheimplementationofanewfinancialsystemformunicipalitiesandprovinces.Inthecontextofanewmunicipal,provincialdecree,thereisagreatneedforsoundscientificsupport.theproceduresandcollectthenecessaryelementsformanagementandpolicy.thescaleofmunicipalcouncilsandtheeffectsoflocaltaxmeasures.oflocalandprovincialadministrations.millionEURisavailableonthisBAforresearch. Programme 53.2Urban policy and Social Impulse Fund BA 12.03Study costs and research tasks in the context of the Urban Policy –2003.development,etc.Fundsof0.620millionEURhavebeenallocatedforallthesestudiesincities:theeconomy,socialpolicy,thepublicdomainandculture,theurbanarea,administrativetasksareelaboratedaroundanumberoftopicswhicharecriticalfactorsforthesuccessofour(Taskforce),whichwastodrawupastronglysupportedvisionforurbandevelopment.TheWhitePaperforFlemishPolicyonCities,tobedrawnupinconsultationwithathinktankIn2002,theemphasisinthestudiesandresearchcommissionedwasonthepreparationofaSIF ChapterIII.5–127

OA 54Agriculture and Horticulture Administration Programme 54.1Agriculture, horticulture and rural policy TheirAgriculture(STEDULA)asaconsortiumbetweentheUniversitiesofLeuvenandGhent.Flandersof30November2001establishedaScientificSupportCentreforSustainablescientificdevelopmentandsupportforitspolicyinstruments.AdecisionoftheGovernmentofInordertostimulatethedevelopmentofmoresustainablesystems,thepolicyrequiresthesystemsBA31.05SubsidiesinthecontextoftheresearchanddevelopmentofmoresustainableInprofitabilityinherentadditionalcostswillhavetobecompensatedbyextraattentionforeconomiccontemporarydemandsinthefieldsofhygiene,theenvironmentandanimalwelfare.TherequirethecontinuedconversiontosystemsofagriculturewhichtakemoreaccountofThedemandsofconsumersandsocietyforamoresustainableagricultureandhorticultureagricultureBA12.05Expenditureinthecontextofdevelopmentstowardsmoresustainablesystemsofandthesocialimplicationsoftheseevolutions.2003,0.760millionEURareavailableforthis.ofagriculturemostimportantresearchtasksare:•Tosupportthedevelopmentofanagriculturaldatabank.•Aninventoryofknowledgerelatedtosustainableagriculture.•Thedefinition,developmentandapplicationofindicatorstomeasureandpromotesustainabilityinagriculture.•Integratedbusinessmodels.•Integratedmacromodels.•Thedesignofablueprintforthedevelopmentofasustainableinformationandcommunicationagencyforagricultureandhorticulture.•Theevaluationofpolicyimplementation.•Adviceonpolicyandservices. Current individual projects • Biomass production in Flanders (runs up to the end of 2002). • TheandThisinformationenablesVLAMtodiscoverconsumertrends,distinguishconsumerprofilescontinuousmeasurementofthehouseholdconsumptionofagriculturalproductsinFlanders.abouttheproductstheybuy,howmuchtheyspend,andwheretheybuythem.Thisprovidesasector.3,000familiesparticipateinthisGfKPanel,passingondatathroughascanningsystemandconsumptionpatternsofproducersintheFlemishagricultural,horticulturalandfisheriessourceofthisistheGfKConsumerPanel.ThispanelprovidesaninsightintothepurchasingVLAMcontinuestobeaccurateandup-to-datemarketinginformation.ThemostimportantThevitalelementofacoherentandintegratedcommunicationandmarketingpolicyfortheprofitBA33.02SubsidyfortheFlemishPromotionCentreforAgroandfisherymarketing(not-for-agriculture.In2003,0.744millionEURisavailabletosupportthissupportcentreforsustainableFlemishSustainabilityindicatorsatabusinesslevel:measuringandfollowinguprandomsamplesofagriculturalbusinesses.VLAM)measuretheeffectofthecommunicationandmarketingpolicy.totalbudgetin2003forthisstudyamountsto0.522millionEUR. ChapterIII.5–128

research.Theoperatingfundsamountto0.3millionEUR,ofwhichapproximatelyhalfisforscientific2001.agriculturalandhorticulturalbookkeepinginFlanders.VOLTwasestablishedattheendofFlemishAgriculturalDatabankandforarepresentativenetworkofbusiness,andeconomicsocialpointofview.Inaddition,VOLTmustprovidesupportforthedevelopmentofthehorticultureinFlanders.AgricultureisstudiedfromaneconomicandecologicalaswellasmandatetodevelopintoacentreofexpertiseinsupportofpolicyforsustainableagricultureandTheFlemishresearchunitforAgriculturalandHorticulturalEconomics(VOLT)hasatheBA12.08AvarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheoperationoftheFlemishResearchUnitforAgriculturalandHorticulturalEconomics Programme 54. 8Grants for the Scientific Institutes, CLO and CLE BAs 11.03, 11.04, 12.01, 12.05, 12.41, 12.80, 74.01, 74.05, 74.41 The Centre for Agricultural Economics tionalAsaFlemishScientificInstitute,thetaskswillremainvirtuallyunchangedduringthetransicontinuityclearthat2003willbeatransitionalyearinwhichanattemptmustbemadetoensurethechangeasaresultoftherecentscreeningofagriculturalresearchinFlanders.Thereforeitislatterwouldthengotoastudydepartmentstilltoestablished.However,theseplansmaystillAgriculturalResearchandpartoftheCentreforAgriculturalEconomics.TheotherpartoftheMarineFishingResearchestablishedwithinthepolicyareaofagriculture–withtheCentreforBetterAdministrativePolicyprovidesthattherewillbeoneInstituteforAgriculturalandAgriculturalResearch,isinatransitionalstageasaFlemishscientificinstitute.Ultimately,theBetterAdministrativePolicy,theCentreforAgriculturalEconomics,liketheCentreforoperatingasaFlemishScientificInstitutefromthatday.InanticipationofthereformsintheFlanders.Theactualdivisiononlytookplaceon16October2002,sothatthecentrestartedRegions,withpartoftheresearchersandstaffbeingtransferredtoWalloniaandparttoDutchandFrench-speakingpersonnel.ThisentailedthatitwasdividedupinthetransfertotheAgriculturalResearch,theCentreforAgriculturalEconomicsestablishedinBrusselshadbothMerelbekehasbeentransferredtotheFlemishRegion.IncontrastwiththeCentreforCentreforAgriculturalEconomics,togetherwiththeCentreforAgriculturalResearchinofthefederalMinistryofSmallEnterprises,TradeandAgriculture.Since1January2002,theUntiltheregionalisationoftheagriculturalpolicyfield,thiswasoneofthescientificinstitutes(CLE)oftheCentreinanticipationofthereforms.period.TheCentreforAgriculturalEconomicshasathreefoldtask:•TheCentreisresponsibleforthe economicobservation accountancy(prices,incomes,balances),andatthemicro-economiclevel(atfarmlevel,basedonanddistributingstatisticsontheagriculturalsector,bothatthemacro-economicleveloftheagriculturalsector:drawingupresults).Thesestatisticsmeetnational,regionalandinternationalneeds. • ObviouslytheCentrehasataskasa researchorganisation.Theresearchactivitiesfocus particularly on different agricultural sectors and on their socio-economic aspects. • Finally,theCentrehasthetaskofcarryingout serviceactivities researchisimpossibleatthesocio-economicorsocio-scientificlevelifitisnotpossibletomakequestions,itispossibletomakeuseoftheCentre’sresearchactivities.Ontheotherhand,theserviceactivities,suchasdrawingupresearchreportsforpolicyandansweringshort-termtheeconomicobservation,scientificmethodsareusedwhicharedrawnupbytheinstitute.ForThesethreetasksarecomplementaryandarebasedontheresearchactivitiesoftheCentre.Forthoseactivitieswithanemphasisonprovidingthenecessaryindicationsandresearchreportsto.Theseconcernvariousresponsibleforimplementingagriculturalpolicy. ChapterIII.5–129

andtypifications,andalltheanalyseswhichservetodrawupprofitabilityreportsintheagriculturalmarilyconcernstheextrapolationmodels,themethodologyofrandomsampling,thefarmhavetoprovidescientificsupportandadaptallthemethodsusedtotheFlemishlevel.Thispriassisttoensurethecontinuityoftheaccountancynetwork.Theresearcherswillparticularlypersonnel.Itisself-evidentthatin2003,researchersfromtheotherdepartmentswillhavetoaccountancynetworkstillincludesoneindustrialengineerandtwomembersoftheadditionalmembersofstaffoftheadditionalpersonnel.Atthemoment,thepersonneloftheFlemishfarmresponsibleforitsoperation,movedtoWalloniatogetherwithanindustrialengineerandthreetionofthisaccountancynetwork.Asaresultofregionalisation,thetworesearcherswhowereaccountancyofficesoftheCentre.Themajority,61%ofthetotalbudget,isspentontheoperaholdings;everythingisfollowedbyagriculturalbookkeepersinoneofthefiveprovincialregionalisation.Currentlythebooksarekeptatabout500agriculturaland300horticulturallevel.Thisnetwork,whichcoveredthewholecountryinthepast,waslimitedtoFlandersafterTheCentrehasanfarmaccountancynetworkforeconomicobservationsatthemicroeconomicthecollectinganddrawingupmacroeconomicstatistics.Tworesearchersprovidethemajorityofthecourseof2003.Currently,approximately13%ofthetotalbudgetoftheCentreisspentondrawupallthesefigures,themethodologywillhavetobeadaptedtotheFlemishlevelduringaddedvalueofagricultureandthecalculationofthemacroeconomicagriculturalincome.Touresinagriculture,productionstatistics,thecalculationoftheintermediaryconsumptionandparticularlyconcernsfiguresonthecapitalinvestedinagriculture,statisticsonemploymentfig-regionalmacrostatisticswillhavetobeworkedoutagainandadaptedtotheregionallevel.ThisofdatacollectionandthedesignofscientificallysupportedmethodsfordrawinguptheRegionitselfalsoneedsmacrostatisticsattheregionallevel.Thismeansthatthewholeprocessthatthetransitionalperiodwillcertainlycoverthewholeof2003.However,theFlemishthetransferofinformation.Astheseprocessesstillhavetostartatthefederallevel,itisclearingatransitionalperiodtheregionswouldberesponsibleforsupervisingtheactivitiesandfordrawingupthenationalmacrostatisticswenttothefederalstate.Itwasclearlyagreedthatdur-theresponsibilityfortheFADNwastransferredtotheRegions,whiletheresponsibilityforquencesfortheregionalpartsofthefederalCentreforAgriculturalEconomics.Forexample,turalcompetencestotheRegions–resultedinanumberofdecisionswithimportantconseEurostat.Thenegotiationsbetweenthefederalstateandtheregions–totransfertheagriculmunity.AtthemacroeconomiclevelthereweremanyobligationstoprovidestatisticstoNetworkoftheCentreispartoftheFarmAccountancyDataNetwork,(FADN)oftheComthemicroeconomiclevel,itshouldbepointedout,inparticular,thattheFarmAccountancymacroeconomicdataandstatistics,particularlywithregardtotheEuropeanCommunity.Atbilitiesattheinternationallevel.Therewerenumerousobligationsforprovidingmicroandoftheeconomicsituation.ThefederalCentreforAgriculturalEconomicshadmanyresponsiThemicroandmacroobservationsareextremelyimportantforthecentre’sroleasanobserverthattheeconomicsituation,andontheotherhand,onguaranteeingthecontinuityofresearch,sothestrategyfor2003focuses,ontheonehand,onensuringthecentre’sroleasanobserverofresearchersremainedintheFlemishsection,ofwhomfivewereyoungerresearchers.Thereforedividedsimplyonthebasisofthelanguageroleoftheresearchers.Afterthedivision,tenagriculturalsector.However,thismeansthattheresearchcompetencethatwaspresentisalsonomicswasdividedintotwo,andconsequentlyitwasalsodividedasinformationcentrefortheBecauseoftheregionalisationoftheagriculturalpolicyarea,theCentreforAgriculturalEcodetermineduseofthedatathatarecollectedintheeconomicobservations.Infact,theseobservationsarebytheneedsofthesocio-scientificresearch.theservicesforpolicyarenotjeopardisedinthelongterm.necessaryscientificsupport.horticulturalsector. ChapterIII.5–130

databanksandthedocumentationofinformationisbeingextendedtoproduceacoherentandauser-friendly“decisionsupportsystem”(DSS)iscontinuing,andtheintegrationofmodels,ondevelopinganoperationalprototypeforaregionalagriculturalmodel.Thedevelopmentoftheproductionandflowofknowledgetosupportpolicy.FurtherworkisalsobeingcarriedoutattentionisdevotedtothegeneralintroductionofanewinstitutionaleconomicapproachtoThetechnicalandinstitutionalaspectsofsupportforpolicyareasecondaspect.Inthisfield,etc.tiesofcommercialproductionrightsasanenvironmentaleconomicefficientpolicyinstrument,tomorespecificsubjects,suchas:thestudyofnutrientefficiencyinbeeffarming,thepossibilibasisofaccountancydataandotherinformation.Thissortofresearchisalsoextendedfurtherofenergy,fertilisers,pesticidesetc.inFlemishagricultureandhorticulture,forexample,onthewhichhasalreadystartedisbeingcontinued.Thisaimstogainaninsightintotheconsumptionproductionsystemsareexploredingreaterdetail.Theenvironmentaleconomicefficiencystudyments.MethodsformeasuringandanalysingsustainabilityandforthecomparisonofdifferentAnotherstudydevotesattentiontosustainableagriculturaldevelopmentinurbanisedenvirontionsivelystudied.Thestudyexaminesthefactorswhichhaveapositiveinfluenceontheintroducums).Theextenttowhichagriculturalistsarepreparedtointroduceinnovationsisalsoextentionwithalternativepolicyinstruments,(suchasaregimeofpremiumsandthelevelofpremiresearchisaimedatdeterminingthepotentialofconvertingtoorganicagriculture,inconnecdescriptiveregionalmodelwhichcanbeincorporatedinabroadersystemofmodels.Thishimthepossibilitieswhichwillensureprofitability.ThefarmmodelisthentransformedintoaThisenablesthemanagerofafarmtoexplorethepossibilitiesforhisfarmtoconvert,andshowwithanemphasisonthedevelopmentofthefarmmodelintoadynamicoptimalisationmodel.inincomewassimulatedforfarmswhichwishtoconvert.Thisresearchwillcontinuein2003,agriculture.Withthehelpofastatic-comparativebusinessmodel,thepossiblelossorincreasedescribingeconometricresearchonthestructuralfactorsinvolvedinconvertingtoorganicUniversityofGhent.Duringthepreliminarystage,attentionwasdevotedparticularlytoprojectfocusesonthepotentialoftransferringtoorganicagriculture–incooperationwiththeInthefirstplace,thereisafocusonsustainableagriculturalproductionsystems.Oneimportantbasedresultofprojectresearch,thecapacityisincreasedbyeightresearchers.In2003,theresearchisusuallycarriedoutwithotherresearchpartners,anduniversitieshaveaprivilegedplace.Asathecriticalmassbycarryingoutsubsidisedresearchprojectsinitsownfield.Theseprojectsareshowsthatapproximately20%isleftforresearchitself.ThestrategyoftheCentreistoincreaseconsistsofsocialscientificresearchinagriculture.Anindicationofthefundsfordatacollectionishagriculturalandhorticulturalsectorforthebenefitofpolicy.Nevertheless,themaintaskstillportedstatisticsandreportswhichareaimedatprovidingapictureofthesituationintheFlemAlargeproportionofthebudgetisspentondatacollectionanddrawingupscientificallysupandmationiscollectedtogetherinalargedatabank,whichshouldformthebasisforfurthersocialthewayinwhichfarmswork–bothattheeconomic,environmentalandsociallevel.Theinforfarmsbeyondthestrictlyeconomiclevel.Eventuallythisshouldresultintoabetterinsightintofarms.Thisshouldmakeitpossibletoincreasetheknowledgeoftheoperationofthealsoinvolvescollectinginformationonthequantitiesandnatureofrawmaterialsusedonenergy,fertilisers,pesticides,theuseofwater,etc.Thisisnotonlylimitedtofinancialdatabuttodatawithqualitativeandquantitativeinformationonenvironmentalparameterssuchasnolongerbelimitedtopurelyeconomicinformation.Thecollectionofinformationisextendedexpandtheuseofinformationtechnology.Theintentionisalsothatthedatacollectionshouldfarmaccountancynetwork.InconsultationwithpolicymakersitwasdecidedtogeneraliseandOneimportantchallengefor2003willundoubtedlybetheplannedcomputerisationofthescientificresearchintheCentre.mainlyonfourfieldsofresearch.ofinnovationsaswellasparameterswhichcouldhaveaninhibitoryaffect. ChapterIII.5–131

tute(1963)andfortheCultivationofPoplars(1975).ThelaststationwasintegratedintheInsti(1950),forSmallStockHusbandry(1950),forAgriculturalEngineering(1951),forFisheriesmentalPlantGrowing(1936),forNematologyandEntomology(1950),forPlantPathologyAnimalNutrition(1939),theDairyResearchStation(1939),aResearchStationforOrnaimprovementinplantproductivity.OvertheyearsthiswasfollowedbyaResearchStationforTheResearchStationforPlantBreeding(1932)tooktheleadinthis,resultinginaspectacularornamentalOneoftheotheraimsconcernedthesupportforthepossibilitiesofexpandingFlemishmainwayoftacklingthelowincomeoftheunderemployedFlemishagriculturalpopulation.productivitywiththedevelopmentofanefficientagriculturebasedonimprovementsasthemodernisationofagricultureandhorticulture.InthosedaystheemphasiswasonincreasingAgriculturalCollegeofGhentatthetime(aFacultyofGhentUniversitynowadays),fortheresearch,commissionedandfundedbytheMinistryofAgriculture–inparticular,bytheThesehadbeenestablishedbeforeandshortlyaftertheSecondWorldWarastheresultofthehistoryoftheCentrewhichgoesbacktothatofaseriesof“Nationalresearchstations”.WiththefirstappearanceofCLOinthisInformationGuide,itisappropriatetoremindyouofAgriculturalBAactivities,isprobablethatabalancewillbefoundbetweentheallocationofthefundsforthesservicetheseextraactivitiesisdifficulttopredict.Ifagriculturemanagestoavoidanycrisesin2003,itavailablefortheactivitieswhichthepolicymakersrequiresfromtheCentre.ThevolumeofThesuccessofalltheseresearchprojectsobviouslydependsonthetimewhichhastomademanagementfocusesonFlemishgreenhousecultivation.Thisstudiesthestrategic,tacticalandoperationaltheproducercanprovide,e.g.,byusinganimal-friendlyproductionmethods.Anotherprojectceptofimprovedqualitynotonlyreferstothemeatassuch,butalsoontheaddedvaluewhichingtheconcretepossibilitiesofmeatproductionwiththeexpectationsofconsumers.Thecon-improvingquality.ThisisincooperationwiththeUniversityofGhent,andisaimedatcompar-thefirstplace,aprojectiscontinuedaboutthevalorisationofmeatproduction–aimedatInadditiontothesefourresearchfields,thefollowingprojectswillbecarriedoutin2003.IntinuewillbecarriedoutofalternativegeographicalandstatisticaldatasothatitispossibletoconmidtermevaluationoftheFlemishruralpolicyincooperationwithaconsortium.AnanalysisticulturalAdministrationafterregionalisation.In2003,theCentrewillberesponsiblefortheruralpolicy;however,theresearchunitconcernedwastransferredtotheAgriculturalandHorThefourthaspectconcernsruraldevelopment.InthepasttherewaspermanentmonitoringofPartbeingcontinued.Thisintegratesenvironmentalfiguresinthenationalagriculturalaccounts.agriculturalenvironmentalmonitoring.Theprojecttodrawupgreenagriculturalaccountsisindicatorsinasystematicanduser-friendlyway,withspecialattentionfortheorganisationofents.Thereisafurtherexplorationofthepossibilitiesofmonitoringagriculturalenvironmentalcropsandtheintroductionofmineralswithfertilisersasdeterminantsforthebalanceofnutriinagricultureisathirdfield.ThisstudiestheremovalofmineralsasaresultoftheremovalofResearchintoagricultureandtheenvironment,withasystemanalysisoftheflowofnutrientsorganiccoherentmodularoperationandincorporationof,e.g.,sellingmanuremodelsamoduleforuser-friendlysystem.Theregionalagriculturalmodelalsoservesasaframeofreferencefortheagricultureandenvironmentalindicators.ofthisresearchiscarriedoutincooperationwithEurostat.followingupofthedifferentiationofruralandurbanagriculturaldevelopment.ofbusinessesinthissubsector.researchandeconomicobservation.12.44,31.01,74.02,74.06,74.41ResearchCentre(CLO)cultivation,particularlyinandaroundGhent.forForestryandGameManagement,followingthestatereformof1988. ChapterIII.5–132

ers.aredescribedbelow.CLOemploysastaffofapproximately480,includingsome140research-TheresearchstrategiesofthesevendepartmentsbelongingtotheAgriculturalResearchCentreInthemunityconcernscarryingoutscientificresearchinsupportofpolicyanddrawingupreportsforThecurrentmissionoftheAgriculturalResearchCentreoftheMinistryoftheFlemishComof2001.CLO-GhentwaswhollyactiveinFlandersandfollowingtheLambermontAgreementstutesofthefederalMinistryofSmallEnterprises,TradersandAgricultureuptotheendofBothAgriculturalResearchCentresi.e.GhentandGemblouxwerethereforeScientificInstiresearchthispurpose:CLOGhent.In1996,thenationalresearchstationsweretransformedandtheinGembloux–tookplacein1965withaScientificInstituteestablishedbytheGovernmentforTheconsolidationoftheresearchattheseNationalResearchStationsofGhent–paralleltothatofCLOGhentwasreorganisedinsevendepartmentsdescribedbelow.2001,itwasintegratedassuchintheMinistryoftheFlemishCommunity.implementationofsustainableagricultureandmarinefishing.moreconcreteterms,theactivitiesoftheCentrefocuson:•Theorganisationandintroductionofmultidisciplinaryscientificresearch,dependingoncurrentandfuturerequirementsandsupportingthetargetgroup.Thedevelopmentofsystemsforsustainableagriculturalproductionandmonitoringthequalityandsafetyofagriculturalandfoodproductsaretopprioritiesinallthedepartments.•Carryingoutand/orcoordinatingscientificresearchinsupportofpolicy.•Translatingtheinsightsthatareacquiredintothepreparation,supportandevaluationofpolicy.•Providingscientificservices,e.g.,intheformofadvice,products,techniques,conceptsanddocumentation.•Buildingupknowledgeanddisseminatingitthroughpublications,lecturesandadocumentationcentre.•Providinglong-termmonitoringofcertainaspects.•Drawingupreportsinconnectionwiththecurrentsituationandanalysisofthedisruptionchains. Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding (CLO-DVP) linkedtoquantitativeandqualitativecharacteristics(e.g.,resistances,digestibility,N-effiInmarkerassistedplantbreeding,researchisparticularlyfocusedonDNAmarkers,whicharecontrolgeneticdiversityandidentity,andthedevelopment,evaluationandapplicationofDNA-basedresearch:thedevelopmentofmarkerassistedbreedingtechniques,themarker-basedanalysisofThreemaintopicscanbedistinguishedinthebasicandappliedplantandbiotechnologicalorganicandhorticulturalsystemandtodevelopadvisoryandcontrolinstrumentsinthecontextofcrops,outdoorvegetablesandornamentalcrops,foranorganicand/orsustainableagriculturalTheaimistoimprovebreedingstrategies,createnewcultivarsofgrasses,foodcrops,catchbreedingandthedevelopmentandimplementationoftechnologieswhichsupportthisprocess.Thetaskofthisdepartmentistocollectandacquireknowledgeinthefieldofplantgeneticsandsafetyandaspectsofauthenticityinthevegetableproductionchain.technologies.ciency),whichareimportantforsustainablecultivation.Theimplementationofmarkerdatainpracticalbreedingprogramsalsorequiresthedevelopmentofanadaptedgenericmethodology.Thefirstresultsofthisarecurrentlybecomingavailable.Markersarealsousedindiversitystudiesofnativepopulationsaspotentialgeneticsourcesforthedevelopmentofnewcultivarsand ChapterIII.5–133

guaranteesgratedweedcontrolandorganicseedproduction.MonitoringthechaininseedproductionResearchintoseedpropagationfocuses,amongstotherthings,onrationalN-fertilisation,inteintothegeneticdiversityiscombinedwithadequatemorphologicalhomogeneityandstability,anddigestibility.Researchhasstartedintoalternativepossibilitiesfordevelopingvarieties,inwhichmethodsofcultivation,suchasresistancetodisease,nitrogenefficiency,vaseandshelflifeandneeds,theemphasisisondevelopingvarietieswhichmeetthedemandsofsociallyacceptableForthecreationofnewcultivarsin“small”cropgroupswhichareimportantforlocalFlemishpolycross).andbio-assays(includingdiseaseandpestresistance)andcrossingschedules(F2versusEfficiencyisincreasedinbreedingandselectionprogrammesbydevelopingmodifiedselectionlargeexpandinggeneticbiodiversityinthecropsthatareexaminedisapermanentconcern(e.g.,thenewpossibilitiesofcreatingvariationswithinexistingbreedingpopulations.Maintainingandsomaclonalvariation,theexistanceofnaturalunreducedgametesandsportformationofferthroughnaturalcrossingbarriersbetweenspecies.Inaddition,researchintotheexploitationofsation,ploidybreeding,embryorescue,invitroregeneration,etc.)formthebasisforbreakingThedevelopmentofmodifiedpollinationandcrossingmethods,(suchasinterspecifichybriditainablefollowingfields:efficientpollinationandselectionstrategies,thecreationofcultivarsforsusAppliedbasicresearchintothebreedingofagriculturalandhorticulturalcropsfocusesonthequantificationbeingdevotedtothedevelopmentoftechniquesandtheacquisitionofdatafortracing,andtheastheireffectonsustainableandorganicagriculture.Inaddition,agreatdealofattentionisoftheexistingregulations,thebehaviourofGMOsintheenvironmentisbeingstudiedaswellInthecontextofthedevelopmentofDNA-basedcontroltechnologiesfortheimplementationusedinthestudyofhybridisationsofnativeandcultivatedrelatedspecies.Finally,DNAmarkersareforauthenticitycontrolsandidentificationofcultivars.ofGMOsinthevegetableproductionandfoodchain.agricultureandhorticulture,seedpropagationandqualitycontrol.azaleacollection).organicplantbreedingthesupplyofgoodqualitystartingmaterials. The Department of Crop Husbandry and Ecophysiology (CLO-DFE) ThetheodsontheyieldandqualityofagriculturalandhorticulturalproductionandtheenvironmentinThetaskofthisdepartmentistocarryoutscientificresearchontheimpactofcultivationmethcontextofthemultifunctionalcharacterofsustainableagricultureandhorticulture.appliedbasicresearchconcerns:•DrawingupandmodifyingrelevantcriteriafortheevaluationofvarietiesofagriculturalcropsandperformingtheVCUandsomeDUStestsforthecompositionofthecatalogueofvarietiesinthecontextofEuropeandirective70/457/EEC;•SupportforcontrollingthequalityofseedforsowingandseedsinthecontextoftheimplementationofEuropeanregulation(directive66/402/EECand66/401/EEC).•Thedevelopmentoftechniquestoimproveconventionalagriculturalproductionmethodssuchas“reducedandno-tillagecultivation”.•Theevaluationofmethods(includingdrawingupmineralbalances)toreducetheinputofproductionadditives.•Drawingupandtestingmoreuser-friendlymanagementandevaluationsystemstoreducetheemissionsofsubstanceswhichareharmfultotheenvironment. ChapterIII.5–134

• thefertilisationandtheuseofadaptedvarietiesandtransparencyandtraceabilitythroughoutkeytasksaretoacquiremoreknowledgeabouttheeffectsofthenutrientwebinthesoil,Anattempttofindpossibilitiesforexpandingorganiccultivation,inlinewithpolicy.Thebiologicalchain. • Flemishornamentalcropsandthemoreresponsible(re)useofthesoil,substrateandwater.Improvingvegetativereproductionpossibilitiesandthepost-harvestqualityofcharacteristic • Determining the yield and quality of the harvest of food crops online. • Eucarpia,nationalactivities(EuropeanGrasslandFederation,CommunityPlantVarietyOffice,actions,thefederalandFlemishcooperationwithCentralandEasternEuropeandotherinterBelgiumandabroadandincludesactivitiesintheEuropeanframeworkprogramme,theCOSTInternationalcooperationisbasedonalargenetworkofscientificinstitutesanduniversitiesininformationqualityofplants,soil,substrateandwaterusedonthecrops.ThedepartmentisbuildingupantheactivitiesoftheAgriculturalCentre“FodderCrops”andservicesrelatedtoevaluatingthedescriptiveandrecommendedlistsofvarietiesofvariousagriculturalcrops;cooperationwithresultsofvarietyresearchwithallthepartiesconcerned,anddrawingupanddisseminatingtheticeandthepubliccommunity.ThethreadthatrunsthroughallofthisisthediscussionoftheThesocialaspectconsistsofapermanentconcernforgoodcommunicationwithpolicy,pracagriculturalTestingimageanalysistechniquesfortheearlytracingofstress(coldconditions,disease)inandhorticulturalcrops.centreoncompostingorganicwasteproductsatanindustriallevel.etc.). Department of Crop Protection (CLO-DGB) toringofthepolicyonplanthealth.Thisimpliesdeterminingtherisksoftheintroduction,harmfulforplants.TheresearchersprovidethescientificsupportfortheexecutionandmoniThefivedisciplinesareclearlyprofiledinresearchonquarantineandotherregulatedorganismsdeveloption,knowledgeoflifecyclesandexperienceofobservationsystemsenabletoresearcherstocultivarsandvarietiesfortheirsuitabilityashostplantsforpathogens.Thecorrectidentificareductionofplantpathogensindifferentfields.DGBisalsoscreeningnewandexistingimportantforecologicalreasons,theyareexaminingtheinfluenceofalternativecropsontheresistanceoftheplant.Asresearchersexpectthatcroprotationwilleventuallybecomemoreantagonists,orbyphysicalelimination.Anotherstrategyistoensurethegeneralconditionandpestsandthewayinwhichtheyaretackled.Thisisdonewiththeuseofspecificbiologicallingplantdiseases;agreatdealofattentionisgiventotheimpactofsoil-bornediseasesandDBGresearchismostlyconcernedwiththedevelopmentofnon-chemicalmethodsforcontrolatection(acarology,bacteriology,entomology,nematologyandmycology),thedepartmenthasplanthealthadvisersandprivatepersons.Becauseofthepresenceoffivedisciplinesincropprotraditionofdiagnosticservices.Diagnosisanddetectionareperformedforthegovernment,environmentally-friendlyplantproduction.Inadditiontoresearch,thedepartmenthasalongtivationsystemstoanacceptableminimum.TheymeetthesocialdemandforhighqualityandEachofthesemakesacontributiontolimitingtheimpactofpathogensinsustainableplantcul(iii)the(ii)the(i)researchtoplantsinbothagricultureandhorticulture.Theirresearchcanbedividedintothreesubjects:Scientistsofthedepartmentstudydifferentaspectsofproblemscausedbyharmfulorganismsintoidentificationanddetection,studyoftheecologyofplantdiseasesandpestsandtheirpathogenesis,developmentofintegratedmanagementsystems.uniquepositionintheFlemishresearchlandscape.warningsystemsandvalidatetheseforinsects. ChapterIII.5–135

Wherepossible,adviceisalsogivenonthecontrolorpreventionofproblemsinplantgrowth.tionalDiagnosisCentreforPlants,whichdealswithapproximately6,000sampleseveryyear.cropprotection,butalsowithprofessionals.ThisuniquecombinationhasresultedinafuncThedepartmenthasintensivecontactswithregional,nationalandEuropeanbodiesfortheandpeannorms,theyareexploitedinmonitoringsystemsfortracingandidentifyingthesediseaseofconventionalandmoleculartechniques.FollowingthevalidationinaccordancewithEuromentisalsodevelopingmethodsofanalysistotraceandidentifyharmfulorganismsbymeansorcontainertests,and–wherepossible–undernaturalconditionsinfieldresearch.Thedepartasthethresholdvalueforinfectionsandconditionsforsurvivalinstrictlycontrolledgreenhouseindustrialanddomesticwasteproducts.Inaddition,thebiologicalparametersaretested,suchspreadandpersistencebycarryingouttracingresearchinwildplants,surfacewater,soil,andpestorganisms. Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry (CLO-DVV) niquesarebeingexaminedtosupportthesocialacceptabilityoflivestockfarmingsystems.InThepossibilitiesofimprovinganimalwelfareandanimalhealthbyfeedingandfarmingtechuctsresearchontheexcretionofresiduesofanimalmedicinesandcontaminantsinanimalendprodrials.Bothinvivoandinvitromethodsareusedforthis.ThedepartmentparticipatesinontheDVVexpertisewithregardtotheevaluationofnewortechnologicallytreatedrawmateandincreasinglybannedbytheEU.Anotherimportantaspectoftheserviceresearchisbasedalsobeusedasanalternativeforantibioticsinanimalnutritionwhicharerejectedbyconsumersimmunostimulatingproducts,whichimproveeitherfeedefficiencyorhealth.Mostofthemcanforproductssuchasnewlydevelopedadditives,e.g.,enzymes,probiotics,prebioticsandalsobeingcarriedout.Theserviceresearch(externallyfunded)focusesparticularlyonsupportSupportingresearchonalternativehomegrownproteinsourcestoreplaceimportedproductsistheaimistoreducethenumberofexperimentalanimalsneededforfeedevaluation.outtheanalysiscanestimatethenutritionalvaluesmorequicklyandcorrectly.Atthesametimevitromethodsforfeedevaluationaredevelopedandmonitoredsothatthelaboratoriescarryingevaluationandcontributestoabetternutrientprovisionfortheanimalspeciesconcerned.Intivevalueofanimalfeeds,itformsthebasisofadatabankwithreferencedatafortheinvitrofeedreduceNandPexcretion.InvivofeedevaluationresearchresultsinabetterestimateofthenutriInadditiontotheindirecteffectofimprovedfeedefficiency,specificresearchiscarriedouttoprovidesDeterminingspecificparametersindifferentpartsofthedigestivetractandinthebloodofstandardsforBelgianBluedouble-muscledbullsandsucklercows,andtestingtherequirementsnutrientsintotheenvironment.Thisincludesforexampledrawinguptheenergyandproteinofnewfeedingmethodsandtechnologies,improveefficiencyandresultinaloweremissionofDeterminationofthestandardsforfeedrequirementsandthedevelopmentandoptimalisationTheDVViscarryingoutphysiologicalnutritionresearchincattle,pigs,poultryandrabbits.nutritioninfluencethequalityofmeat,milkandeggs.Inaddition,thepossibilitiesforfunctionalanimalnutritional,andgoodqualityfood.Thisisdonewithsuitableresearchintothefactorswhichaddition,thedepartmentrespondstotheconsumer’swishesanddemandsforhealthy,safe,stockfeedingandmanagementtechniques,withaviewtoasustainablelivestockhusbandry.Insystems.OneofthemainconcernsofthedepartmentismoreenvironmentallyfriendlyliveserveasimportantinputforthedevelopmentofprofitableandsociallyacceptableproductionThetaskofthedepartmentistocarryoutappliedscientificresearchinthelivestocksector,toarecurrentlybeingplannedinordertoproduceproductswithaddedhealthvalue.aminoacidsinpigsandpoultry.agreaterinsightintothephysiologicalprocessesinanimals.andinthiswaycontributestoqualitycontrolinanimalproduction. ChapterIII.5–136

andanimalmodels.Themultidisciplinaryapproachtoresearchisastrikingdevelopment.commissionsandworkinggroups,inordertodevelopmoreaccuratefeedevaluationtechniquesTheDVVisinclosecontactwithscientificinstitutesanduniversitiesinBelgiumandabroadwithhousingferentfibrousfeedstuffsforadlibitumfeedingoffarrowingsowsarecompared,andalternativethiscontext,aphysicalstructuralevaluationsystemwasdevelopedfordairyandbeefcattle,difsystemsfortherearingofrabbitsformeatarebeingstudied. ThedepartmentofQualityforAnimalproductsandTransformationtechnology(CLO-DVK) underBeltestaccreditation.Althoughitwasinitiallysolelyconcernedwithdairyfarming,themolecular-biologicalanalysesandtechnologicaltesting.MostoftheanalysesarecarriedoutTheactivitieswhichprovideaservicemainlyconcernthefieldofchemical,microbiologicalanduniformInterprofessionalOrganismtodeterminethequalityandcompositionofmilk–withaviewtoples,etc.AnimportantroleisplayedbythescientificsupervisionoftheFlemishtionofringtests,workshops,informationsessions,theproductionofstandards,referencesamsociety.ThescientificreferencetopublicandprivatelawlaboratoriescomprisestheorganisaalsoperformstaskswhichhelptomaketheknowledgeandexpertisethatisacquiredusefultoInadditiontoresearchactivities,theCLO-DVKservesasascientificreferencelaboratoryandtheendproductqualityisobtainedthroughimprovedknowledgeoftheproductionprocesses.ogy.Compositionandfunctionalityofrawmaterialsarecharacterisedandbetterpredictionofvaluearedevelopedbyimprovingthecomposition,functionalityand/orproductiontechnolpermittheevaluationofproductionprocessesarestudiedandproductswithgreateraddedcompositionandproductionprocessesaredevelopedandevaluated.Theparameterswhichincludingfarmproducedproducts.Methodsforresearchintoauthenticityinrelationtothemalorigininrelationtoauthenticityanddevelopmentofproductswithgreateraddedvalue,Appliedbasicresearchiscarriedoutintothecompositionandprocessingoffoodstuffsofanioped,AutocontrolsystemsforfarmproductsandcertificationsystemsfororganicfoodaredevelcontaminantscontrolsystemsforpathogensandbacteriawhichcausedecayandforchemicalresiduesandThedevelopment,evaluationandapplicationofnewmethodsofdetermining,monitoringorandbatingzoonoses,theevaluationofgeneticselectionmarkersfordiseaseresistanceinlivestocksuresarealsodeveloped.Examplesoftheseincludedrawingupandsupportingplansforcom-basicresearchintoprocesseswhichcanincreasemicrobiologicalfoodsafety,productionmea-identifiedinthefoodchain,andremedialmeasuresareevaluated.Inadditiontopreventiveandsafetyofconventional,organicandextensivelyproducedfoodsisstudied,criticalpointsaretionmethods,andpolicydecisionsaresupportedbytheseinthecontextoffoodsafety.Thefoodpathogensororganismswhichcausefoodtospoil.Riskevaluationsaremadeofproducofanimalorigin.ThisalsocomprisesbasicresearchintothevirulenceandresistanceofbacterialBasicandappliedresearcharecarriedoutintothemicrobiologicalandchemicalsafetyoffoodsrelatedtantresearchtopicsaremicrobiologicalandchemicalfoodsafety,authenticityandqualityconsumerandanimprovementinthemarketpositionofFlemishproducers.Themostimporfoodstuffs,withaviewtosupportapolicyfocusingonsustainability,betterprotectionfortheThisdepartmentstudiesaspectsofqualityintheproductionandthetransformationofanimaltoitscompositionandprocessing.thedevelopmentofchainmonitoringsystems.playanextremelyimportantroleinthisresearch.andsustainableresiduespreventinganimaltreatmentsarescientificallysupported.paymentfordairyfarmers. ChapterIII.5–137

productstechnologicalpilotinfrastructureisveryimportantforthedevelopmentandimprovementofintheFlemishfoodindustry. tionDepartmentofMechanisation,Labour,Buildings,AnimalwelfareandEnvironmentalprotec(CLO-DVL) Besidesresearch,thedepartmentisresponsibleforvariousservicesforthesector.DVLposresearchAppliedscientificresearchinagriculturalengineeringfocusesparticularlyonthefollowingarguments.currentlyinquestion.ThetaskofCLO-DVListocontributetothisdiscussionwithscientifictivityinintensivecattlefarming,arablefarmingandhorticulture.Theseintensivesystemsaretion,theintroductionofcomputersandevenrobotscontributedstronglytoahigherproducresearchobjectiveschangedundertheinfluenceofthepublicopinion.IncreasedmechanisaAlthoughthedepartment’soriginaltaskwaslargelyretainedaftertherestructuringofCLO,itsproducersandconsumers,aswellasimprovingthemarketpositionofFlemishproducers.developmentofamoresustainableagricultureandhorticulture,betterprotectionforanimals,gies,methodologiesandmanagementinstruments.Theaimsaretosupportthepolicyi.e.thement-friendlyanimal,agriculturalandhorticulturalproductionsystems,usingnewtechnoloThetaskofthisdepartmentencompassesappliedscientificresearchintoinnovativeenvirontopics:•agriculturalbuildings:thedesignandimprovementofagriculturalbuildingsusingnewtech-nology.Particularattentionispaidtotheeffectsoffarmbuildingdesignonanimalwelfare.Buildingmaterialsareevaluatedandimprovedintermsoftheirfutureuse(e.g.inthecon-textofstoringagriculturalandhorticulturalproducts);•animalwelfare:thedevelopmentofmethodstoassessanimalwelfare(ontheexperimentallevel)andtomonitorit(onfarmlevel),andresearchintomoreanimal-friendlyproductionsystems(e.g.cowcomfort,intensivesowaccommodation,improvedandenrichedcagesforlayinghens,intensivehousingofrabbits);•theenvironment:researchontheimpactofagriculturalactivitiesontheenvironmentandintomoreenvironment-friendlyproductionsystems(lowammoniaemissionanimalhouses,slurryinjection,driftreductionduringspraying,etc.);•mechanisation:developmentofmeasurementtechniques,proceduresandequipmenttodeterminethetechnicalcharacteristicsofagriculturalandhorticulturalmachinery;improvingtheperformanceofthesemachinesusingnewtechnologiestoimproveproductqualityandprotecttheenvironment(suchasreducingmechanicaldamagetopotatoesduringharvestingandprocessing);•storageandprocessing:evaluating,optimisinganddevelopingprocessingandstoragesystemsforagriculturalandhorticulturalproductsincombinationwithresearchonthelevelofmechanisationandagriculturalbuildings.Theaimhereistomaximisethequalityoftheharvested,storedandprocessedproducts;•theorganisationoflabourandmanagement:improvedproductionsystemsforanefficientandeffectiveorganisationoflabourandmanagement.sessesaBeltestaccredited“LaboratoryforSprayingTechniques”andaBeltestaccreditedservice“CompulsoryInspectionofSprayingMachinesinFlanders”.IntheframeworkofIntegralQualityMonitoringofMilktheservice“Control”isresponsibleforthequalitycontrolofthemaintenanceofdairyinstallationsinBelgiumandcoordinatesthetrainingofIKMapprovedmilkingmachinetechniciansandcoolingtanktechnicians.Since1July2002,thereisalsoatechnologicaladvisoryservice“Agriconstruct”.Thisserviceadvisesfarmers,contractorsandmanufacturersofbuildingmaterialsontheconstructionofagriculturalandhorticulturalbuildings,animalwelfareandenvironmentalprotectioninanimalproduction.Atechnologicaladvisoryservice“Agromech”foragriculturalmachineryandenvironmentalprotectioninhorticulturalproductionisinpreparation.Thisservicewilladvisefarmersandgrowersonfertiliser ChapterIII.5–138

silagelandandgrassland,potatoharvesting,spraying,mechanicalweeding,sprayeradjustment,ofagriculturalandhorticulturalequipmentfor,amongstotherthings,slurryinjectiononarableThedepartmentDVLisalsoinvolvedintheorganisationofvariousdemonstrationsandtestsonspreaders,fieldsprayers,lancesprayers,orchardsprayers,slurryinjectors,potatoharvestersandotherissuesrelatedtoagriculturalmachinery.extractionanddistribution,etc. Sea Fisheries Department (CLO-DVZ) andindustry.TheEuropeanCommission,theInternationalCouncilfortheExplorationoftheSea,internationalscientificorganisations,managementbodies,thegovernmentandthefishingThedepartment’sresearchactivitiesrespondtothedemandforscientificallybasedadvicebyresearchproductionprocess.TheidentificationoffisheryproductsbymeansofDNAfragmentationisFinally,thequalityoffisheryproductsisstudied,sothatitcanbeacteduponthroughouttheadviceandgravelextractionareasanddredgespoildisposalsites.ResearchinthesefieldssupportsresearchprogrammesontheBelgianContinentalShelf.Thisincludesthemonitoringofsandequallypartofthedepartment’sbasicresearchactivities,withintheframeworkofnationalStudiesontheeffectsofanthropogenicperturbationsonthebentho-demersalecosystemaremaintenancetext,andhelptooptimiseexistinganddevelopnewtechnicalmeasuresfortheprotection,fishinggearsandfishingpractices.Mostofthesestudiesarecarriedoutinaninternationalconselectivity,discardreduction,andtheevaluationandreductionoftheenvironmentalimpactofgears,theintroductionofalternativefishingtechniques,theimprovementoflengthandspeciesprocess.Theinvestigationscomprisetheimprovementofexistingandthedesignofnewfishingingintoaccountthetechnical,biological,ecologicalandeconomicaspectsofthefishcatchingTechnicalfisheriesresearchisaimedatthedevelopmentofsustainablefishingtechniques,tak-releasesole)andmolluscanshellfish(bluemussel)for,amongstothers,restockingpurposes(theInaddition,researchisalsocarriedoutonthecultivationofcommercialfish(mainlyturbotandEuropeanmethods,etc.AgreatdealofthisservestosupporttheCommonFisheriesPolicyofthesexualmaturityofthespeciesconcerned,theoptimisationofsamplingprotocolsandanalyticalcomplementedbystudiesofamuchmorefundamentalnature,forexampleonthegrowthandsizeandexploitationrateofthevariousspecies,andtomakecatchforecasts.Thisisfisheryindependentsurveyswithresearchvessels)areusedtogenerateestimatesofthestockDifferentapproaches(includingsamplingofthecatches,landingsanddiscards,aswellascod,haddock,whiting,turbot,sole,plaice,lemonsole,ray,Norwaylobsterandbrownshrimp.populationdynamicsandexploitationpatternsofcommercialfishandshellfish,particularlyBiologicalfisheriesresearchattheDepartmentcomprisesbasicandappliedstudiesontheanddepartment’sactivitiesareanessentialcontributiontoamoreecologicalapproachtofishingahabitat,andonthequalitycontrolandqualityassuranceoffisheryproducts.Assuch,thesocio-economicpointofview.Inaddition,itfocusesonprotectingthemarineenvironmentasandsustainableexploitationofthelivingmarineresources,fromabiological,technicalandThemaintaskoftheSeaFisheriesDepartmentistoprovidethescientificbasisfortherationaltothesustainableexploitationofaquaticecosystems.Union.ofculturedfishinthesea,withtheaimofenhancingthewildstocks).andrestorationofcommercialfishstocks.onconcessionsfortheseactivities.whichisbecomingincreasinglyimportant.theOSPARCommissionarethemostimportantpartiesinvolvedinthis. ChapterIII.5–139

ChapterIII.5–140

ChapterIII.5–141

6.ENVIRONMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEPARTMENT AdministrationOA61Environment,Nature,LandandWaterManagement source-orientedcombatingofenvironmentalpollution,thecontext,itisconcernedparticularlywithpreventivecare,preventiveaction,apreferencefortheThisplacestheenvironmentalpolicyfirmlyinthecontextofsustainabledevelopment.InthisthreeThedecreecontainingthegeneralprovisionsrelatingtoenvironmentalpolicylaysdowntheobjectivesoftheFlemishenvironmentalpolicy:•themanagementoftheenvironment;•itsprotection;•theconservationofnatureandthepromotionofbiologicalandlandscapediversity. stand-still termsofcontent,theapproachoftheMINAPlanisfollowed.ThismeansthattheresearchforthiswerecollectedtogetherunderonebudgetitemoftheMINAFund(361B1206).Inareplanned,whichreflecttheaimsandthestrategydescribedintheMINAPlan2.Thefundsimplementthe1997-2001EnvironmentalPolicyPlan,alargenumberofadditionalprojectssubstantialbudgetsarealsoprovidedforresearchrelatedto“EnvironmentandHealth”.Tobelow.Importantsubjectsincludenature,waste,airandwaterpollution.Likelastyear,Inthecurrentpolicy,attentionisdividedbetweenthevariousbudgetitemsdescribedindetailwhichforanindeterminateperiod,inanticipationofthe“EnvironmentalPolicyPlan2003-2007”,ronmentalPlan(1997-2001)–theMINAplan2.Forvariousreasons,thisplanwasextendeddevelopingnewconceptsandsupportingtheplannedpolicy,asproposedintheFlemishEnvithepolicywhichhasbeenimplementedforsometime,agreatdealofattentionisfocusedonTheTWOLprogrammefor2003continuesinthesamedirection.Inadditiontosupportforals.land;soilpollution;theprovisionofdrinkingwater,wastematerialsandtheuseofrawmateriservationofnature;landconsolidation;landuse;hydraulics;watermanagementinagriculturalinventories;forests;huntingandfishing;greenareas;forestryresearch;forestrysurveys;coneffectreports;studiescarriedoutbylaboratoriesinvolvingmorethanjustmeasurementsandmentalplanning;environmentallaw;environmentalhygiene;externalsafety;environmentallution;non-ionisingradiation,groundwatermanagement(includingdehydration);environacidrain,fertilisers,thethinningoftheozonelayer,etc.);noisepollution,smellsandlightpolAreasofstudywhichareconsideredincludethepollutionoftheair,waterandsoil(includingPublicofNatureConservation,theInstituteforForestryandGameManagementandtheFlemishbetweentheresearchprojectscarriedoutbythevariousdepartmentsofAMINAL,theInstitutetheEnvironment(TWOL),isdrawnupeveryyear.Thisaimstoachievethecoordinationferentsubjectareas,fundsandclients,aphysicalprogramme,AppliedScientificResearchintobudget(Programme61.1-61.5)andbytheMINAFund.Inordertocoordinatethemanydif-WithinthepolicyarearelatedtotheEnvironment,researchisfundedbothfromthegeneralburdened,generationsarenotlefttocopewiththeproblems,ensuringthattheenvironmentisnotoverselves,andintroducemeasurestoreducetheenvironmentalpollution),ensuringthatfuture(thosewhocontributetocreatingenvironmentalproblemsmusttakeresponsibilityforitthemplethat“thepolluterpays”.Inaddition,othercharacteristicsincludetheaimforaccountabilityprinciple,andtheprinciconcludingrecyclingprojects,energyexpansionandpromotingquality.Institutions,VLM,VMM,OVAMandVMW.isbeingdrawnupatthemoment. ChapterIII.5–142

years,improved.Particularpointsforattentionincludedrawingupresearchprogrammesforseveraltionstructuresforscientificandtechnologicalresearchprogrammeswillcontinuetobeandeffectivenessoftheresearch,andonthedisseminationoftheresults.TheexistingcoordinaPlan2.Thisstatesthatintheplanningperiod,attentionwillbefocusedonthecoordinationThestructureoftheTWOL2003programmeputsintopracticetheprovisionsoftheMINAgroups,environmentallyharmfulsubstances,etc.),orthattheydealwithintegratedaspects(targetprojectsaredrawnuponparticulartopics(fertilisers,fragmentation,thespreadofcostsandfunding,instruments,etc.).andprovidinginformationonandtheapplicationofresearchresults. I.Science policy in the budget of the MINA fund Art. 361B1206 Expenditure related to the execution of the Environmental Policy negativedevelopmentsingoodtime.InordertoobjectivelyexploretheeffectsoftherecreItispossibletouniformlyandcontinuouslymonitorthesituationinnaturalareas,andidentifynatureareas.Inaddition,anecologicalhistoricalstudyisbeingplannedinHaspengouwtosupportdeterminethenecessarytechnicalmanagementandnaturedevelopmentmeasuresfornaturalLampernisseinordertoprovideascientificbasisforincludingthemintheVENandtograsslandbirds.Anotherstudywillmakeaninventoryofthefloraandfaunaofthebasinofheathland,orestablishnetworkswhichwillmakeitpossibletoexchangevariouspopulationsofcomplexwithitsfloraandfauna,tomakerecommendationstoextendtheareaofprotectedforwardconcreteproposalsfortherestorationandconservationoftheprotected“Vennen”Otherprojectsconcernspecificsituationsinaparticulararea.Forexample,theaimistoputpossibleofnaturalareas–inparticular,theconservationofnatureaspartofmanagement–willmakeitAnumberofstudiesrelatedtothedevelopmentofarangeofinstrumentsforthemanagement“natureandrelateparticularlytothedraftingofmanagementplansandarea-specificresearchrelatedtoScientificstudieswhichareaimedatansweringthesequestionswillcontinuetobecarriedout,continuetoarisewithregardtohowthedesiredresultscanbeachievedandmaintained.Inthecontextoftheconservation,managementanddevelopmentofnature,questionsmanagementArt.361B1207Expenditurerelatedtostudiesandprojectsinthecontextoftheconservation,beenThefundsappliedforamountto5.11millionEUR.Forthisyear,53researchproposalshaveplanned,butthegreatmajorityofresearchprojectsareofanoperationalorstrategicnature.actionsorprojectsoftheEnvironmentalPolicyPlan.Inexceptionalcases,basicresearchisapproach,Instruments,TargetGroups).Thereisalwaysadirectrelationshipwithoneormore(Cooperationwithgovernment,Costsandfunding,Environmentalplanning,Area-orientedsubstances,Soilpollution,Pollutionofsurfacewater)andpartsoftheMINAplanodours/noise/light,Desertification,Lossofbiodiversity,Pollutioncausedbyphoto-chemicalsubstanceswhichareharmfultotheenvironment,Fertilisers,Pollutioncausedbyozonelayer,Climatechangeasaresultofthegreenhouseeffect,Acidrain,ThespreadoftheMINAPlan.Intermsofcontent,thesearespreadacrossvarioussubjects(ThinningoftheInstitutions)(VLMandVMM),usethisbudgetitem,e.g.,forstudiesplannedinthecontextofDivision,LandDivision,WaterDivision,etc.),aswellasanumberofVOIs(FlemishPublicfor2003.VariousdepartmentsofAMINAL(DirectorateGeneral,AMINABEL,NatureTheavailablefundsforArticle361B1206oftheMINAFundamountto5.965millionEURPlansubmitted.anddevelopmentofnaturedirectives”.todeveloparealvisionandmanagementplans.directivesformanagementworksinexistingnaturereserves. ChapterIII.5–143

Flemishtaxesontheuseofpesticidesandweedkillersandtherelatedobligationtorecordhassubmittedjustoneresearchprojectonitsprogramme:“ToexaminethefeasibilityofThisbudgetitemprovides0.840millionEURforexpenditure.TheAMINALWaterDivisiongroundwaterArt.361B1274ExpendituretoestablishandmaintainthenetworktomonitorthequalityofThiswillmakeiteasiertoimposetheuseofecologicalengineeringmaterialsinspecifications.standardsavailableforalltypesofecologicalengineeringmaterialsinhydraulicengineering.engineeringmaterialsinhydraulicengineering”.Theaimofthisistomakeclearandapplicableearmarkedforresearch,inparticularforaprojectonthe“StandardisationofecologicalTheavailablefundsforArt.361B1262amountto0.424millionEUR.Ofthis,0.147millionisengineering,Art.361B1262Expenditurerelatedtonatureandenvironmenteducation,ecologicalportrelevanttopolicyarealsoallocatedunderthisarticle,suchasnewsubsidyregulationstosupThereareproposalsforresearchamountingtoatotalsumof2.2millionEUR.Otherprojectsbledacepopulationsandtheproblemofthefoxtapeworm–togetherwithananalysisofthepossiIntermsofthemanagementoffauna,attentionisdevoted,forexample,torestockingchubandcatedmentofHarmoniousParkManagement(e.g.,reducinggreenwasteingardensandparks;indi-ForestsandGreenAreasDivision.Otherprojectsfocusonthecontinuedsupportanddevelop-programmetoreducetheuseofpesticidesandweedkillersforthemanagementoflandbytheThepolicyonopengreenareaswilldevoteattentiontotheobligationtointroduceatheeffectivelywithinternationalreportingobligationsonforests,inparticularthosearisingfromrecentlybeenturnedintoforest.OtherprojectsshouldenableFlanderstocomplymoretreesandthefertilityofthesoilonthediversityoftheflorainagriculturallandwhichhasthepolicywhichfocusonexpandingtheforests–suchastheeffectsofthechoiceofspeciesofspeciesinascientificallyjustifiedway.Inaddition,therewillbetargetedstudiesinsupportofandshrubsinFlanders,andinaddition,thefirststepswillbetakentocultivatetheseselectedexample,furtherstudiesareplannedtoincreasetheknowledgeoftheprevalenceofnativetreesofforestsandgreenareasandthesustainableuseofdifferentpopulationsofanimalspecies.ForsupportforthekeytasksoftheForests&GreenAreasDivision:theresponsiblemanagementgreenareas,inlandfisheries,andfaunaandgamemanagement.ThisoftenprovidesscientificArticle361B1208oftheMINAFund:theserelatetosustainableforestmanagement,publicVariousresearchprojectsinsupportofpolicyareincludedintheprogrammefor2003undermanagement,Art.361B1208Expenditurerelatedtostudiesandprojectsinthecontextofforestisthisbasis.TheproblemofexogenousbrownsquirrelsintheZonienwoudandtheCalmeynbos(introducedspecies)isbeingcollectedtogetherandconcretemeasureswillbeformulatedonfields.Theexistingknowledgeandexperiencerelatedtotheproblemofnon-indigenousspeciesvationofcertainbreedingbirdsingrasslandswithindefinedandpotentiallyrichcomplexesofMeasurestosubsidisefarmersarebeingconsideredonthebasisoftheobjectivesfortheconserdersInaddition,thesituationwithregardtothemunicipalmanagementofroadsidevergesinFlannaturalationaluseonnaturalvalues,themonitoringofrecreationistobelinkedtothemonitoringofvalues.willalsobeexamined.alsobeingstudied.greenareas,fishing,huntingandtheprotectionofbirdsKyotoProtocoloftheUNFrameworkTreatytocombatclimatechange.speciesforbiodiversityinparksandgreenareas).impactofgamemanagementtominimiseinfection.sustainableforestmanagement.informationandawareness-raising ChapterIII.5–144

Aquafinhavealwaysfocusedonsupportingthistask.ThekeywordsinthisaretionofdomesticwastewaterinFlanders.Intermsofcontent,ResearchandDevelopmentinAquafinNVwasestablishedin1991,withthetaskofdevelopingastructureforthepurificawhichOfthetotalfundsof202.530millionEUR,3,449,227EURisallocatedtosciencepolicy,ofbetweenArt.361B4100Currentexpenditureinapplicationoftheagreementof10November1993implementation.andtherewillbeaqualitycontrol,sothatitispossibletomakechangesbeforethegeneralthisprocedurewillbeextendedtoallelevenbasins.Theresultswillbescientificallymonitoredplansforbasins.Inthemiddleof2001,astartwasmadeinthreeprioritybasins.From2004,singleresearchproject:anevaluationofthequalityoftheprocessofdrawingupmanagement0.736millionEURisallocatedtothisarticle,ofwhich0.25millionisearmarkedforstartingacourseswatermanagementplansrelatedtoecologicalstudiestosupporttheorganisationofwaterArt.361B1275Expenditurerelatedtotheestablishmentofmanagementplansforbasinsandtaxesthese.”Theresultsofthestudyshouldalsoprovidesomeinsightintotherecording.Afterall,requireadetailedrecordingsystem;theplanistoestablishthisin2004.andtheirvalleysQualitycontrolmodelswillbeusedfortheexecutionofthistask.theFlemishRegionandNVAQUAFIN1,211,273EURisforresearch optimalising theplanningandexploitation things.ForthevulnerableareasinFlanders,itwasnecessarytoimplementapolicytowasdevelopedforvariousdimensions,makinguseofmodellingtechniques,amongstotherchoiceofprocesses,andintermsoftheindividualpartsoftheprocess.Inaddition,aprocedureinedintermsofitsapplicabilityinFlanders,andifnecessary,optimalised,bothintermsofthestandardisationveryquickly.Forthispurpose,theavailabletechnologywasscreened,exam-.Inthefirstyears(1991-1994),itwasimportanttoachieve remove nutrients;thereforemanyoftheResearchandDevelopmenteffortsfocusedontheprocesses for the removal of nitrogen and scenariosmakesuseofthedetailedcharacterisationofinfluents,sensitivityanalysis,Overthecourseoftheyears,astandardprocedurewasdevelopedforrenovation.Ananalysisofcarriedavailabletechnologyforthisassoonaspossible.Inthefirstinstance,pilotexperimentswereremovenutrients,ResearchandDevelopmentwasmaderesponsibleforprovidingthebestbeforeitwasestablished.AstheexistingsewagepurificationplantshadnotbeendesignedtotheadditionaltaskofexploitingandrenovatingtheinfrastructurewhichhadalreadyexistedthewholeofFlanderswasidentifiedasavulnerablearea;ontheotherhand,AquafinwasgivenFrom1994,Aquafin’sactivitiesaccelerated.Thereweretworeasonsforthis:ontheonehand,phosphorous.out,relatedtomodellingtechniques. dynamic modelling Wherevernecessaryandpossible,ResearchandDevelopmentproposeddecision-makingInadditiontotheeconomicaspects,theanalysisofthescenariowhichformsthebasisofthepurificationfinally,riskanalysis,bothforthedesignofthesystemofcollectors,andforthesewage,calibrationoftheresultsofmeasurementcampaignsandpilotexperiments,andplant.processalwaystakesintoaccounttheecologicalandsocialaspects. newtechnology, which had not yet been applied in Flanders before, for the renovation. The processingofsludge completed,thenumberofThedevelopmentofthenewinfrastructurestartedinthelargerconurbations.Asthesewerepowerdevotedtoalternativeoutlets,suchastheco-combustionofwastewaterpurificationsiltinAnticipatingtheintroductionofthenew“VLAREA”legislation,moreandmoreattentionwasagriculture,butitsoonbecameclearthatitwasnecessarytoabandonthisapproach.hadbeenoptimalisedintheearlyyears,withaviewtosalestostations. small-scaleprojects basisotherthings.Thisconceptisstillbeingconstantlyadaptedandoptimalised,forexample,ontheconceptwasdevelopedatthebeginning,makinguseofplantpurificationsystems,amongstincreased.Forthispurpose,astandardAquafinofpracticalexperienceandpilotexperiments. ChapterIII.5–145

ChapterIII.5–146

Becauseoftheconstantconcerntopreventandremedythesedevelopedandpatented.ThedynamicmodelsdevelopedinrecentyearsareusedtosimulateFortheoptimalisationoftheexploitation,new“intelligent”monitoringsystemsweremonitoringsystemsinadvanceonthecomputer,andtestthemfortheirfeasibility. nuisancecausedbyodoursandnoise Takingintoaccounttheincreasingattentionpaidtowasprogresswasalsomadeinthisrespect,inthesensethatanincreasinglymodel-basedapproach,adopted. sustainabilityandrecycling siltwordsinthisrespectare:further-reachingpurification,newandstricternorms,therecyclingofnumberofResearchandDevelopmentprojectswerestartedinthisfieldinrecentyears.Thekey,alargeandeffluent,membranetechnologyandsmall-scalesystems. Points for attention in 2003 reference.onehand,oftheinternalframeofreference,andontheotherhandoftheexternalframeofIn2003,theResearchandProductDevelopmentprojects(R&PD)focusontheneeds,onthe Internal frame of reference: Aregardingoptimalisationoftheinfrastructureandexploitation,intheframeworkoftheobligationTheResearchandProductDevelopmentprojects(R&PD)focusparticularlyontheresultswithregardtothequalityofeffluent/thequalityandquantityofsludge.numberofexamplesofprojects:•theapplicationofmeasurementandregulationstrategiesinthepurificationprocess;•theoptimalisationofaerationstrategy;•theoptimalisationofsedimentationmodels;•lightsludge;•qualitativesludgeprevention;•chemicalandthermalsludgehydrolysis;•theoptimalisationofsludgeprocessinganddepositsinsewagewastewaterpurificationbyadvancedphysical/chemicalsludgetreatment;•mechanicalthickeningofsepticmaterialandsprayedsludge;•modellingofreedbeds;•theoptimalisationofthedesignandexploitationofsmall-scalewaterpurificationplants;•telemetrics;•benchmarking. External framework

Inpurification.attentionforecologicalregulators,“emergingpollutants”,stricternormsandfurther-reachingimplementationoftheEuropeanFrameworkDirectivearereflectedinR&PDprojectswithTheframeofreference,“Totalwatermanagement”,andthepreparationsfortheconcreteterms,thismeansthedevelopmentofprojectsrelatedtothefollowingsubjects:•totalqualityandquantitymodelling:focusingparticularlyonoverflowandin-sewercontrol;•theoptimalisationofthebiologicaltreatmentoftherainsupply;•normsforoverflowoftherainsupply;•moreextensivepurification:effluentpolishingbymeansofphysical-chemicaltreatment;•studyrelatedtothevalidationandoptimalisationofmembranebioreactortechnology;•designandevaluationofaDNA“microarray”tocheckthequalityoftheeffluentandthestructureofmicrobacterialcommunitiesinRWZIs;•studyofhealthriskswiththerecyclingofpurifieddomesticwastewater.

FebruaryArt.361B4147(formerlyArt.2.17)OVAM–Expenditureinapplicationofthedecreeof221995onsoilcleaning Strategic Research Policy planning formulatedsoil.TheexistingcontrolsystemofearthmovingwillbeevaluatedandproposalswillbeWiththerecentmodificationoftheVLAREBO,rulesweredrawnupfortheuseofexcavatednecessary,pollution.Theseenvironmentallicenceconditionswillbescreenedforeverysubject.IfTheseconditionsweredrawnupatatimewhenlittleornoattentionwasdevotedtosoilTheenvironmentallicenceconditionsforcompaniesareincludedintheVLAREMlegislation.standardassumptions)wetryontheonehand,tofindmoreaccuratedata,andontheotherhand,tofindsimplificationsandassumptions.Forthoseaspects(whichrevealbroadmarginsintheThisismainlybasedonmodellingcalculations.Thesecalculationsinvolvevariousnewnormsoncleaningthesoilinmoredetailandtoimprovethesupportfortheriskanalysis.OneimportantobjectiveoftheOVAMSoilresearchprogrammeistocontinuedrawingupmethodsfortheeffectivemeasurementofanumberofparameters.theywillbeadaptedwithmeasurestopreventsoilpollution.forimprovementNumberShorttitleProgrammeAmountallocatedOL200200168StandardisationandriskevaluationforsoilcleaningOVAMSoil228,000EUROL200200259RevisionoftherangeofformulaeofVlierhumaanOVAMSoil130,922EUROL200200173VLAREMexaminationandrecommen-dationswithregardtotheimplementa-tionofsoil-protectingmeasuresOVAMSoil36,300EUROL200200260ControlsystemforearthmovingintheFlemishRegion;evaluationandpropos-alsforimprovementOVAMSoil87,120EUR Operational research Instrumental remedied.situation,thatanevaluationiscarriedouttoseehowthisgapintheavailableknowledgecanbeknowledgeappearstobeavailable,orifthisknowledgeisnotreallyapplicabletotheFlemishknowledgealreadyexistsinothercountriesontheproblemconcerned.ItisonlyifnosufficientMostoftheresearchprojectsformulatedinvolveabroadstudyoftheliterature,toseewhatcleaningThiscomprisestechnicalandscientificresearchaimedattheimplementationofthedecreeonthesoil,andthepolicy,onascientificbasis.Thishasthefollowingpriorities:•Tosupporttheconcept“Bestavailabletechniquewhichdoesnotresultinunreasonablyhighcosts”.•Thedevelopmentofamethodologyforthemonitoringandcontrolofcertaincleaningtechniques(mainlyinsitu),anddrawingupprotocols.•Tofindnewtechniquesforexistingproblemswithregardtocleaningthesoil.Thisisstronglyfocusedondiffusesoilpollution. ChapterIII.5–147

NumberShort titleProgrammeAmount allocated OL200200261 Sampling procedure for the assessment of soil to be excavated OVAMSoil 81,675 EUR OL200100731 Injection of (bi) metallic nano scale iron particles in aquifers polluted by chlorinated hydrocarbons OVAMSoil 180,962.273 EUR OL200100732 Classification into soil-cleaning sub jects. Draw up BBT-based exploitation conditions and emission limits OVAMSoil 100,396.877 EUR OL200100733 Validation of soil-cleaning techniques for soil contaminated with asbestos OVAMSoil 79,325.928 EUR OL200100734 Cluster approach to industrial sites for soil examinations OVAMSoil 92,960.072 JulyArt.361B4172(formerlyArt.2.4)OVAMExpenditurefortheapplicationofthedecreeof2EUR1981onthepreventionandmanagementofwastematerials Strategic research: Policy planning Accordingtothe inotherpolicyareas,StrategicPlanforWasteprevention–individualactionforthepreventionofwaste importantlinkwithregardtothesuitablefordevelopmentinnon-environmentalpolicyareas.AnintegratedproductpolicyisanOVAMmustexplorewhichwastepreventionmeasuresappeartobe preventionofwastematerialsandemissions. distributionproductpolicy.Aknowledgeoftheavailabilityofenvironmentally-friendlyproductsintheachievethebestpossibleintegrationofAEP(preventionofwastematerialsandemissions)inThegoalistochainisessential.NumberShorttitleAmountallocatedOL200200091SPAPstrategicplanforwasteprevention(MBPproj-ect11)80,000EUROL200200133Studytoprovidesupportinthecontextofanintegratedproductpolicy50,000EUROL200200159Studyintotherangeofenvironmentally-friendlyproductsinthedistributionchain150,000EUR Strategic research: Policy formulation givenfortheFlemishpolicyonanimalwaste.Thewastematerialsproducedbyfishinghavenotbeencollectionandrevisionofalltheexistingguidelinesanddecisions,withimportantimplicationsCommissionhasapprovedanewdraftdecreeonanimalmaterialswhichaimstoserveasaotherhand,theExecutionPlanforOrganic-BiologicalWaste.Inaddition,theEuropeanandinparticular,theprojectontheplannedapproachtoindustrialwastematerials,andontheTheresearchprojectsdescribedbelowarebeingstartedupinthecontextoftheMina3plan,sufficientattentionuptonow. ChapterIII.5–148

NumberShort titleAmount allocated OL200200258Analysis and planned approach to industrial waste materials 300,000 EUR OL200200123Research and development of a funding model for the collection/processing of waste materials from fisheries 35,000 EUR OL200200126Policy evaluation of the execution plan for organic-bi ological waste 30,000 EUR OL200200125Risk evaluation on the use of organic-biological waste in cattle food 30,000 EUR OL200200127Study into the impact of a new European decree on animal by-products on the operation of the govern ment and the sector 35,000 EUR Strategic research: Policy evaluation regardsubsidyprogrammesbyrevealingtheresultsoftheeffortsofparticipatingcompanieswithTheeffectofthePRESTI4programmemustbemeasuredtoformulateconclusionsfornewtopreventingwaste.NumberShorttitleAmountallocatedOL200200111EvaluationofPRESTI4programme78,000EUR Operational research: instrumental executionaccurateinformation.AnumberofstudieshavealsostartedinthecontextoftheSMEwastefundingofthewastepolicyalsocontinuetobepointsfordiscussion,withaneedforrecentandstudiesarealsoneededtoimprovethepolicyonpackagingwasteandlitter.Thecostsandstheexecutionplanfordomesticwastematerialsfor2003-2007.Furtherpractice-orientedinformationtoindustryisessential.InDecember2003,theGovernmentofFlandersapprovedenvironmentally-orientedproductdevelopment(ecodesign)inwhichanaccurateflowofproduct-orientedmeasures.Forthispurpose,theOVAMsupportsinitiativesontakenprocess-orientedpreventioninitiatives.However,itisalsonecessarytopromotestepstowardssustainabledevelopment.Uptonow,theGovernmentofFlandershasmainlyiteminviewoftherecentEuropeanobligations.Wasteandemissionpreventionarenecessaryretained.TheproblemofwasteinportsandobservingmeasuresinseaportsisanimportantqualityputforwardintheFlemishwastematerialspolicyattheEuropeanlevelmustbeEuropean,nationalandinternationalforumsandtheFlemishRegion.Thepresentlevelofresultsofthewastematerialspolicyshouldalsobeexchangedmoreeffectivelybetweenthevariousexecutionplans,handbooks,extrapolationmodels,indicators,etc.TheknowledgeandwithregardtothemaintenanceanddevelopmentoftherangeofinstrumentsintheformofThesestudiesconcerntheorganisationalaspectsofthewastematerialspolicy,forexample,plan. ChapterIII.5–149

NumberShort titleAmount allocated OL200100668Study of hygienic aspects in the context of the quality of home compost 60,000 EUR OL200100528Environmentally hygienic manual for the use of rub ble granules 50,000 EUR OL200200138Improving a set of indicators for the prevention of household waste 37,500 EUR OL200200132Measuring the prevention of industrial waste materi als 50,000 EUR OL200200122Study into the delivery behaviour of seagoing vessels in Flemish ports after the implementation of Direc tive 200/59/EC, including any suggestions to im prove this delivery 35,000 EUR OL200200147Development of the maintenance network for con trolling the international traffic of waste via Flemish seaports 50,000 EUR OL200200128Studies in support of the funding of the collection and processing of animal waste 25,000 EUR OL200200130Measures and options for the prevention of waste and emissions: sectoral studies related to “Environment and Profit” 50,000 EUR OL200200131Development of databanks in the context of the “Fac tor 10" Information Centre 75,000 EUR OL200100154Study into the real costs of the domestic waste policy 100,000 EUR OL200200134Studies into the municipal tax and payment systems in 2003 for domestic and industrial waste collected by or on behalf of municipalities 50,000 EUR NumberShort titleAmount allocated OL200100543Evaluation study on the return project is back with Regional Environmental Authority (recycling of domestic drinks packaging waste) 50,000 EUR OL200200135Various pilot projects related to packaging waste: Interza, Aalst, IOK, Dilbeek, Regional Environmental Authority 100,000 EUR OL200200136Trial projects on litter in Aalst and Ghent 75,000 EUR OL200200137Analysis of litter in Flanders on the basis of trial strips 70,000 EUR OL200200257Study of the composition of wooden board material used in the Flemish Region 75,000 EUR OL200100544Setting up a GISTI programme in the first priority sector 25,000 EUR II.Science policy and the general budget Programme 61.1Environment BA 12.03A variety of expenditure related to the Environment and Health theenvironmentandofthehealthofcitizensshouldalwaysbethestartingpointoftheopposesthenegativeeffectswhichenvironmentalpollutionhasonhealth.TheprotectionofAnewprojectwasestablishedin2002todrawupandimplementapolicywhichactivelyproject ChapterIII.5–150

12.62Twooperationalresearchprojects(0.149millionEUR)areplannedunderbasicallocationinterpretationcurrent,analyses,otherthanthosereferredtointheprevioussectionwithsampling,wastematerials,fertilisersandair;studiesbyspecialistlaboratoriesformorespecific,non-contractuallydescribedanalysis,samplingandinterpretationofwastewater,groundwater,BA12.62Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedto:agreementswithrecognisedlaboratoriesforThesubmittedofAppliedScientificResearchintotheEnvironment(TWOL)for2003.TheproposalsareForthebudgetyear2003,0.662millionEURisavailablefortasksinthephysicalprogrammeenvironmentalpollutionandnoisepollution;theexecutionofstudiesrelatedtoenvironmentalproblems;theBA12.59Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtothedetection,preventionandcombatingofair(TWOLTheplannedresearchproposalsinthe2003Appliedscientificresearchintotheenvironmentfor2002to2006.For2003,thefundsamountto1.068millionEUR,partofwhichisintendedbiomonitoringprogrammeoftheEnvironmentandHealthSupportCentre,whichrunsfromchangedto12.03)(seethe2002InformationGuide),anditfundedtheexpansionoftheAnumberofresearchstudieswerecommissionedinthe2002budget(budgetitem12.02,laterbudgetestablishedwithpublichealthateverystageoftheenvironmentalpolicycycle.Theoperatingetc.)inoursociety.Initiativesweredevelopedforthispurposesothatalinkcouldbeenvironmentalpolicy,withparticularattentionforvulnerablegroups(theelderly,children,forthiscanpartlybeusedforresearch.strategicresearch.2003)inthecontextofEnvironmentandHealth:•TocoordinatemeasurementnetworksoftheEnvironmentandHealthpolicyareassothattheycanbemademoreeffective(forthehealthofpeople)•Effectsofemissionceilings–environmentalqualitystandardsoncontrollingthesource.Thisstudyaimstoensurethatenvironmentallicenceswhichareawardedaremoredependentonachievingtheemissionobjectivesasformulatedintheenvironmentalqualitynormsandtheemissionceilings•Inventoryofexposurelevelsofnon-ionisingelectromagneticradiationinanumberofcharacteristicareasinFlanders,onthebasisofmeasurementsandemissiondataofthetransmittersforcommunicationequipment(GSM,radio,TV,etc.)•Studyofthepossibilitieswithregardtothecollectionofpotentiallyhazardoussubstances.Theaimistoexaminethecurrentcollectionofthepackagingofenvironmentallyhazardousmaterialsandproposepossibleactionsforimprovement•StudyintothepossibilitiesofaneffectivecommunicationstrategyrelatedtoEnvironmentandHealth•Studyintothelinksbetweenemissionandmeasuredmetabolitesinthebio-monitoringprogrammeoftheEnvironmentandHealthSupportCentre•StudyintothecausesofseasonallyrelateddifferencesintheassimilationandeffectsofPAKsinhumanseffectreportsandexternalsafetybytheAMINABELdivisionofAMINAL.plannedstudies,togetheraccountingfor0.357millionEUR,arerelatedto:•StudiesatthevirtualInteruniversityInformationCentreforSeriousAccidentsinvolvinghazardoussubstances•Researchintosourcesofnuisancecausedbylight•Projectstopromoteenvironmentallyfriendlyvehiclesandfuels.Traffic:developmentofecoscorevehicleslinkedtotheuseofecoscoreforintroducingtheadvantagesofusingenvironmentally-friendlyvehicles•Drawinguptoxicityprobitfunctionsforthebenefitofdrawingupsafetyreports•Environmentalriskanalysisinsafetyreports•Drawingupsafetyreportsrelatedtotownandcountryplanning(RVR)andadvice,ifrequired;theofficialexecutionofsanctionsbytheEnvironmentalInspectorateDivisionofAMINAL: ChapterIII.5–151

• dioxin-likeThedevelopmentandvalidationofamethodologyforthemeasurementofemissionforPCBsandhexachlorobenzene • The development of an evaluation instrument for the control of environmental 3.Training,2.ThesestudiesarecommissionedinthecontextofthetasksoftheVMMimposedbydecree,1.VMMisdevelopingmeasurementnetworksforcontrollingthequalityofsurfacewaterandSummarypolicy,Ofthetotalgrantof49.902millionEURfor2003,8.351millionisallocatedforscienceBAforTheDivisionforEuropeandtheEnvironmentofAMINALsubmittedeightresearchproposalsfallingBA12.63Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheexecutionofstudiesonenvironmentallaw,tractsHowever,themajorityoftheavailablefunds(1.992millionEUR)isspentonlaboratoryconevaluationThesecondprojectwilldevelopaninstrumentwhichexaminestheinventory,analysis,measurementsourcesinFlanders,itisnecessarytostudythestandardisationandvalidationofanemissionpriorityPOP.Beforeobtainingapictureoftheemissionofthesecompoundsfromindustrialmeasuredioxin-likePCBs.Inaddition,thisconventionalsomentionshexachlorobenzeneasation(WHO)in1998.ThismeansthatinadditiontoPCDDandPCDF,itisalsonecessarytoitisnecessarytousethetoxicequivalencefactorsdeterminedbytheWorldHealthOrganisaintermsofPOPs(PersistentOrganicPollutants).ThePOPConventionprovidesthatinfutureUptonow,onlythePCDdioxinsandPCDfuranesaredeterminedinemissionmeasurementsrisksmethodforthesecompounds(e.g.,bymeansofseveralmeasurements).andcontrolofenvironmentalrisksinso-calledSevesocompanies.(analysis,samplingandtheinterpretationofthesamples,safetystudies,etc.).undertheactivitiesoftheDivisionforEuropeandtheEnvironmenttheyear2003for0.522millionEUR,whichshouldresultinamoreefficientregulation:•Environmentalproblemareasinseaports•Thelegalstatusofwindmillsintheframeworkofregulationsonnavigableanunnavigablewaterwaysandtheprotectionofthearchitecturalheritage•Evaluationofenvironmentallegislation•Improvingthelegalrangeofinstrumentsinthefieldoftheliabilityforandrepairofdamagetotheenvironment,fromtheperspectiveofEuropeanandinternationallaw•ThecreationofastructuraldialogueintheFlemishadministrationtodrawup,implementandfollowupaFlemishstrategyforSustainableDevelopment•ScreeningFlemishlegislationforitscorrespondencetosupranationalandinternationalenvironmentalnorms•Theintegrationoftheenvironmentintradeandinvestments•Theregionalcompetenceswithregardtoproductpolicy41.46OperationalgrantforthePublicEnvironmentAgencyofFlandersofwhichover3%isforresearch.ofthemostimportantpolicylines:riverbeds(immissionnetworkforwaterandmeasurementnetworkfortheriverbed),dischargesofwastewater(emissionmeasurementnetworkforwater)andthequalityoftheambientair(immissionmeasurementnetworkfortheair).Theflowofinformationfromthevariousmeasurementnetworksformstheobjectivebasisforactionplansandreportsandtheevaluationof(previous)policyandmanagement.inparticular,thedevelopmentandexploitationofemissionandimmissionmeasurementnetworksforwaterandair,drawingupWaterQualityPlans,anannualinventoryoftheemissionsofpollutantsinwastewaterandsurfacewatersandintheambientair.Inaddition,therearealsoannualinvestmentprogrammesfortheinfrastructureforwaterpurificationandtheadviceforenvironmentallicencesgrantedinaccordancewiththeVLAREM.organisationandhumanresources:ThepermanenttrainingofemployeesisanimportantwayofachievingtheobjectivesandthetasksoftheFlemishEnvironmentCompany. ChapterIII.5–152

Aequivalentinagriculture.Theimprovementofthe“Seq”indicator,whichreflectstheannualdistributionartificialfertilisers,weedkillersandpesticides,andatdeterminingthetotalenergyconsumptioncludedin2002,aswellasanumberofstudiesaimedatobtainingabetterinsightintotheuseofThefollow-upstudyontheevolutionofnoiseemissionresultingfromroadtrafficwasconenvironment.DALYsandtheinventoryofradioactivematerialsofanindustrialoriginwhichareleftinthematerialsinFlanders,theuseofwaterandspace,thequantificationofhealthrisksbycalculatingOthergapsininformationwhichweretackledinclude:calculatingtheconsumptionofrawEveryimprovementinenvironmentalreportingincreasestheinsightintoenvironmentalprobevaluationcompletingtheremaininggapsintheavailableinformation,whichwerenotedduringthethequalityandcompletecharacterofenvironmentalreports.Thisisdoneeveryyearby0.703millionEURisallocatedtothisBAforresearchaimedatthepermanentimprovementoftorelatedtotheEnvironmentalReport(Decreeof5AprilcontaininggeneralprovisionsrelatedBA41.47OperationalgrantforthePublicEnvironmentalAgencyofFlandersforexpenditurepossible.Theorganisationisdevelopedinsuchawaythatithelpstoachievetheobjectivesarefarastraining,ThetrainingpolicyisseenasanessentialinstrumentofHumanResourcesManagement.Intheemphasisison:managementandcommunicationtrainingtechnicaltraininginformationtechnologytraining(informationtechnologypersonnelandendusers)job-relatedtrainingenvironmentalpolicy)processfollowingthepublicationofeveryMIRAreport,asfaraspossible.lemsandtheirpossiblesolutionsandthereforecreatesmorepossibilitiesfortheenvironmentalpolicy.Thereforethisresearchcanbeseenasstrategicresearchinsupportofpolicy.In2002adistinctionwasmadeinthisrespect,ontheonehand,betweenanumberofstudiestoprovidespecificinformationforFlandersabouttheenvironmentalpressureofvariouspollut-ants–onwhichnoprecisefigureshadbeenavailableuptothattime–andontheotherhand,aboutthecontinueddevelopmentandimprovementofindicatorsandmodelswhichareneces-sarytodrawuptheenvironmentalreports.Newstudiesin2002includedthefirstgroupofstudiesonpolicyevaluationinpreparationforthefirstpolicyevaluationreport,plannedforJune2003.Thefollowingstudiesareindicatedbelow:•Drawinguptextswhichsynthesisethepolicyareas,“Environmentallicence”and“Municipalitiesandwastewaterpurification”.•Theevaluationofenvironmentalpolicyagreementsfortheimplementationoftheacceptanceobligation.•Theevaluationoftheplanofexecutionfordomesticwaste.foreachweedkillerandpesticide,wasalsoconcludedin2002.numberofstudieswereconcludedaimedatimprovingmodelsfor:•thedevelopmentofaGISmodelwhichexplorestheexposureofthepopulationto50Hzelectricalandmagneticfieldsofhighvoltagepowerlines•theevaluationofthemodellingofthenumberofpeoplewhoareseriouslyaffectedbynoise,onthebasisoftheresultsoftheAMINALsurveyonthenuisancecaused•theimprovementoftheOPSmodelforcontinuedcoordinationwithMIRA-TandMIRA-S. ChapterIII.5–153

Withnetworksmeasurementnetworkforair).Theflowofinformationfromthesedifferentmeasurement(emissionmeasurementnetworkforwater)andthequalityoftheambientair(immission(immissionmeasurementnetworkforwater),theriverbeds,anddischargesofwastewaterThecontinueddevelopmentofmeasurementnetworkstomonitorthequalityofsurfacewatersTheCreditsmeasurementnetworksforwaterandair,andthedevelopmentoftheenvironmentaldatabankBA61.42GranttothePublicEnvironmentalAgencyofFlandersforthedevelopmentofThe1.195BA2003.for2003”,willalsobemonitoredonthebasisofthisevaluation,andisexpectedinDecemberedgeforwhichadditionalresearchisrequired.TheEnvironmentandNatureReport,“TopicsThisreportwillbeevaluatedagainin2003,whichwillrevealnewgapsintheavailableknowlpletedandpresentedtotheMinisteroftheEnvironmentandAgricultureattheendof2002.environmentaltopics.ThemostrecentEnvironmentandNatureReportwassuccessfullycomtionofthebook(lay-outandprinting).MIRA-T2002comprised7sectorsand23differentioussector-relatedandtopic-basedchaptersoftheMIRAreportsandforthepracticalpublicaInaddition,scientificcontributionsaremadebyexternalspecialistsforthedevelopmentofvararea.MIMOSAmodel,andastudyonthedevelopmentofamodelfortheMIRANDAfertiliserNewmodelstudieswhichstartedconcernthecalculationoftrafficemissionsaccordingtothe41.48OperationalgrantforthePublicLandAgencyofFlanders,FertilizerbankmillionEURisallocatedtothisBAforresearch.fiveresearchprojectsoftheVLMfertilizerbankare:•thequalitativeandquantitativeestablishmentofthenitrogencycleinthesoilandinshallowgroundwater•researchintonitrogenandphosphatelossesresultingfromrun-offanddrainage,andpossibilitiesofremedialaction•thedevelopmentofacertificationsystemforlowemissionapplicationequipment•monitoringfertilizersandacidification•updatingtheanimalproductionfiguresforbeef,poultryandpigs.of3.558millionEURwereallocatedforsciencepolicyin2003.mostimportantpolicylinesare:formstheobjectivebasisforallactionplansandreports.regardtothemeasurementnetworksfor water, attention is mainly focused on: • the continued development of a measurement network for river beds; • actionsendocrinedisrupters,inordertomeettheEuropeanobligationsandtosupportsomeofthepollutants)insurfaceandwastewaterandriverbeds,withattentiontopesticidesandthecontinuedexpansionofthemeasurementprogrammeonhazardoussubstances(micro-oftheMina2Plan; • typecontinuingtheexploratoryeco-toxicologicalresearchintotheapplicationpossibilitiesofthisoftestinanemissionreductionandmonitoringstrategy; • directive;assessmentmethodsinthecontextoftheimplementationofthenewEUframeworkstartingupandparticipatinginresearchintothedevelopmentofcomplementaryecological • therelativelysmallexpansionofthemeasurementnetworkscancreateastrategicaddedvalueforFlandersintothelinkbetweenenvironmentalpollutionandtheriskstopublichealth.AmakingtheVMMmeasurementnetworkseffect-oriented.Thereisnotenoughresearchinexistingmeasurementnetworks. ChapterIII.5–154

Withregardtothemeasurementnetworkfor air infrastructure,relatedtotheinformationwithregardtopollutionlevels.TherewasalsoaprojInparticular,aprojectwasstartedupfortheintegrationofthetotalwastewatercollectionthem.Flemishenvironmentaldatabank–sectiononthemeasurementdatabank)andatreportingthemeasurementnetworksofwaterandair,andthesewerageprogrammes(inthecentralprocessing,structuringandstorageoftherelevantdataseriesandcalculatedqualityindicesforProjectsmustbesetup,aimedatcontinuingtheeffortsforthecollection,validation,particularofthe“traditional”parametersforNOxandSO2,ozone,particulates,heavymetals,VOC,etc.,,inadditiontocontinuingthemeasurementsattentionwillbedevotedto:•continuedmeasurementsofdioxindepositsandofdioxinconcentrations,focusingparticularlyonlocationswithahighlevelofdeposits•expandingPCBmeasurements•renewalofthemeasurementstationsforheavymetals,inaccordancewithEN12341•continuingthestudiesintothechemicalcompositionofsuspendedparticulates•furtherelaborationofmeasurementstrategiesinaccordancewiththeEUframeworkdirective•airsamplesfortoxicity:researchrelatedtogenotoxicandmutagenicactivities•continuingresearchintocross-borderairpollutionintheregionofLilleinNorthernFrance,incooperationwithpartnersinNorthernFrance•carryingoutspecificstudiesinproblemareas•thestudyofnewmeasurementtechniquesfordeterminingspecific(nottraditional)pollutants•carryingoutCOmeasurements•continuingcomparativemeasurementsbetweengravimetricandautomaticmethodsforthedeterminationofsuspendedparticulates,inaccordancewiththeEUsubsidiarydirective•measurementnetworkfordepositsofacidity:inconnectionwithdrydeposits,measurementswerecarriedoutin2002withpassivesamplersandthemeasurementstrategywasfurtherimproved.ectongivingadviceforenvironmentallicences(waterandairdivision),devotingattentiontoimprovingandcentralisingvariousprocesses.The“TaxesforLarge-scaleConsumers”projectcontinuedtoestablishanewandintegratedsystemtoprovideinformationinsupportofpolicy.Inordertoprovidesupportforpolicy,theVMMmustevolvefromthestageof“datacollection”to“providinginformation”,andsubsequentlydevelopintoacomplete“informationsystem”.Thisisonlypossiblebyprovidinglinksandconnectionswithotherdatabanks,suchasthoserelatedtotaxes,flowmeasurements,dischargepoints,sewerage,industrialinformation,licences,etc.Anappropriatemetadatasystem(orinformationondata)isakeyfunctioninthis.Thismustgraduallybedevelopedinconsultationwiththeotherparticipants(AMINAL,OVAM,VLM,IBW,IN,VMW,Aquafin).ItisobviousthatthisinitiativemustberelatedtosimilarEuropeanprojectssuchasthedatacatalogue(CDS),theDobrisReport,theEIONETinformationnetwork,andothers.Asregardsauser-friendlyapproach,easyaccessandbetterinterpretationpossibilities,thereisanincreasingdemandforthecomprehensiblevisualisationofthemanydata.Theymustbegroupedintimeseries,onasetoftheme-basedbackgroundmaps.InitiativesandprojectsweresetupforthispurposetoimplementauniversalGIS(GeographicalInformationSystem),inresponsetothedirectivesoftheGIS-FlandersSupportCentre. ChapterIII.5–155

month.nication.TheresultsoftheMAPmeasurementnetworkarecommunicatedbyCD-ROMeverytoprovidelocalinformationcosts,basedoninternettechnology,leadingtotwo-waycommuareimportantcustomers,aswellasthehigherauthorities,industryandagriculture.Thegoalisapplicationbythetargetgroups,inwhichlocalparties(localauthorities,provinces,families)mented,willstrengthenthesupportforit.Inthefuture,thisinstrumentmustbeavailableforrevealingtheevolutionofwaterandairqualityasaconsequenceofthepolicythatwasimpleencepurposeswillleadtoavaluableandeasilyaccessibleinformationsystem.Thepossibilityofnationbetweenthedifferentdatasourcesandtheone-offstorageofbasicinformationforreferexpandedforthispurpose,andspecificapplicationsarebeingdeveloped.Thethoroughcoordiofthetotalriverbasinmanagementplans(AWPs).ThedatabankisbeingimprovedandThereportingstructurefortheprocesseddatarespondstotheinputneedsofthequalityaspect Programme 61.2Nature BAs 11.04, 12.03, 12.45 and 74.02 Institute of Nature basisfromotheradministrationswhichwishtomakeuseoftheexpertiseoftheINonastructuralwhichdirectexpertiseislackingthere.Somefundsareobtainedasaresultofreorganisationsthegeneralinterest,outsidetheprogrammingoftheInstituteofNatureConservation,formillionEURisavailableforBA12.45tocarryouturgentstudiesorresearchcommissionedinThetotalfundsfortheINaspartofprogramme61.20amountto4.572millionEUR.0.143tothebroadsocialaimofasustainableapproachtonature,biodiversityandnaturalresources.increasinganddisseminatinginformationabouttheissuesconcerningnatureconservationandmentwithregardtorelevant(nature-related)research.Inaddition,theINcontributestodirectresponsibilityofthecompetentMinister.Itplaysaroleasasupportcentreforgovern-TheInstituteoperatesasadynamicinformationandknowledgecentreandfallsundertheofronmentandbiodiversitybecauseoftheuseofspaceorbecauseoftheinfluenceonthequalityvidessupportinsectorsandfieldswhichhavea(directorindirect)impactonthenaturalenvi-ingadvice.Thisisdonewithaviewtoprovidingofficialservicestothegovernment.Italsopro-scientificallybasedinformationonnature,includingitstargetedtranslationintopolicyandgiv-scientificresearchrelatedtotheconservationofnature(inabroadsense),theInstituteprovidesestablishedbytheDecreeoftheFlemishExecutiveof17July1985.AsaninstituteforappliedTheInstituteofNatureConservation(IN)isascientificinstituteoftheFlemishCommunityConservationtheenvironment.(AMINAL,AWZ,VLM,etc.). Strategic objectives 4.Developingthecentralfunctionasaninformationandknowledgecentrefornatureandthe3.Drawingupecologicalprinciplesforasupportedpolicyonnatureandthedevelopmentof2.Increasingthescientificinformationavailableontheprocesseswhichinfluencebiodiversity1.ThepermanentupdatingofthebasicdataandincreasingthescientificinformationavailableofThesearenotrelatedtoaparticularperiod.TheydetermineandstructurethespecificcoretaskstheInstituteinthemediumterm.ontheconditionofthenaturalenvironmentandbiodiversityintheFlemishRegion.andthenaturalenvironment–withorwithouttheimpactofsocialactivities.instrumentsenablingthegovernmenttoimplementasuitablenaturepolicy.Thisisbasedontheinstitute’sownresearchatthreelevelsoforganisation(species/population-community/ecotope-ecosystem/landscape)andontheexistingknowledge.naturalenvironment.Thisisdonebyhelpingtoorganisepolicy-orientedresearchand ChapterIII.5–156

7.Theevaluationoftheresultsofgovernmentpolicyontheconservationofnatureandthe6.HelpingtomonitorscientificresearchandprojectstudiesintheGovernmentofFlanders’5.Contributingbothatthedistrictandregionallevel,tothescientificobservationofaccessible.andbymonitoringresearchontheconservationofnatureandmakingtheresultsbroadlyorganisingthegeneralaccessibilityanduser-friendlinessofbasicinformationanddatabanksformulatingrelevantresearchquestions,byactivelyanticipatinginformationneeds,byinternationalobligations,incooperationwiththeadministrationsconcerned.policyareaofnatureandtheenvironment.naturalenvironment,withthetwice-yearlypublicationoftheNatureReport. Operational objectives:the key activities 10.Toorganisetheinternaloperationinsuchawaythatthetasksarecarriedoutaswellaspos1.Toincreasethedevelopmentofavisionandconceptualknowledgeinrelationtotheconservationofnaturebysettingupand(helpingto)implementprojectsbasedonfundamentalquestionsforwhichthereisinsufficientinformationavailable(evenintheliterature).2.Todrawupinnovativetopicsandmethodologiesformoreknowledgeandagreaterinsightintotheprocessesandcausesofchangesinbiodiversity,whichcanalsobeusedtoimplementamoresuitablenaturepolicy.3.Toorganiseitsownscientificresearchinsuchawaythattheresultscanbeappliedinpolicyareaswidelyaspossible.4.Totakeresponsibilityforthelong-termmonitoringofbiodiversityandrelevantenviron-mentalfactorswhichcanrevealandexplaintheconditionofnatureandchangeswhichoccur,sothattheprogressofthepolicycanbemeasured.5.Todrawupframesofreferenceandnormswithwhichthemonitoringresultscanbeevalu-ated.6.Todrawupandmanagedatabanksonaspectsofbiodiversityandthenaturalenvironmentincooperationwithallthepartiesconcerned,andplacetheseinmetadatabanks(attheregional,federal,andinternationallevel).Thesedatabanksshouldbedevelopedinsuchawaythattheycanbeusedasfaraspossibleforthepreparationandexecutionofpolicy,forscientificresearchingeneralandfornaturestudiesinparticular.7.Todisseminatetheknowledgeacquiredtothevarioustargetgroupsinanappropriateway(forexample,bymeansofstudydaysandconferences,publications,lectures).8.Tosetupfunctionalnetworkswiththeuniversitiesandotherscientificinstitutesandassociationsforthestudyofnatureinordertoincreasethescientificpotentialandthebodyofknowledge.9.Tocoordinateresearchprojectsinresponsetoinformationneedsinconnectionwiththepreparationandimplementationofthepolicyontheconservationofnatureandtoincorporatetheseprojectsinworkingprogrammesinthemediumandshortterm.sible,toevaluateandimproveitsownorganisationonapermanentbasisasaguaranteeofthethroughputofknowledgeanditsrelevanttranslationintopolicyandtomaintainthehighqualityoftheadviceprovidedandresearch.11.Toachieveafunctionasacoordinatinginformationandknowledgecentrefornature,byactivelyparticipatinginthecreationofreferenceworksfortheimplementationofpolicy(TechnicalNature-RelatedEnvironmentalBuilding,Naturereports,BiologicalEvaluationMap,RedLists,etc.).12.Toprovidescientificallybasedadvicefornaturepolicyandnaturemanagement.13.Toevaluatestrategiesandinstrumentsfornaturepolicyandnaturemanagementandtheresults,andprovideadvicetoimprovethem.14.Tomakeinformationavailableontheinternet(websitewithdatawhichcanbedownloaded,suchasdistributionmaps,populationtrends,RedListsoffloraandfauna). ChapterIII.5–157

Structure of the research indicatedThewayinwhichthevariousresearchtopicsarespecificallytacklednowandinthefutureis6.Nature5.Nature4.Landscape3.Ecohydrology2.Ecotope1.Populationofwhicheachprovideaninputfortasksdirectlyrelatedtothepreparation,supportandevaluationintothreeresearchtopics(species/population–community/ecotope–ecosystem/landscape),ForthispurposetheresearchwasinternallystructuredinanidentifiableandpragmaticwayAgreatdealofresearchisfocusedtoalargeextentonthedevelopmentofpolicyinstruments.policy.Forthispurpose,theInstituteisstructuredinternallyintosixresearchunits:anddistributionecology.typologyandBiologicalEvaluationMap.andWatersystems.ecologyandNaturemanagement,developmentandpolicy.reports.below. Topic 1: Populations and species Thecurrentandfutureresearchontheanddistributionresearch,3.ecologicalrelationshipsbetweenorganismsandtheirenvironment,Foursubsidiarytopicsaredistinguishedinthistopic:1.themonitoringofpopulations,2.4.protectionofspecies. monitoringofpopulations willtackletwoimportant Theb)Theexecutionandcoordinationofmonitoringactivities.Ingeneraltheseprojectscanbea)Methodologicalaspectsofmonitoring.Thiscomprisesaspectssuchastheidentificationofaspects:species(andgroupsofspecies)andofrelevantbiologicalvariables(e.g.,numberofpopulationsandindividuals,reproductivesuccess),whichprovideinformationwithregardtocertainquestions,determiningtheminimumfrequencyofsampling,determiningthelocationandspatialconfigurationofsamplinglocations,andthemethodologyofsampling.dividedintotwocategories.ThefirstcomprisesthecollectionofinformationaboutthewholeterritoryofFlandersandrelatesmainlytogroupsofspecieswhicharefairlyeasytocountorinventorise.Thefieldworkrequiresthecooperationofvolunteers.Inthisrespect,theINplaysanimportantcoordinatingandmonitoringrole.Thesecondcategoryconsistsofmoreregion-basedmonitoringprojects,oftenaspartofabroaderresearchproject(suchasecosystemmanagement).

distributionresearch comprises six individual

d)DrawingupRedLists,whichprovideanestimateoftheendangeredstatusofdifferentc)DetailedmappingofthepresenceofselectedspeciesinparticularareasofFlanders,sothatb)Thestudyofthedistributionofselectedspeciesinrelationtoenvironmentalfactorsasthea)Drawingupandupdatingdistributionmapsofindividualspecies.Theseformthebasisforaaspects:frameofreferencewhichprovidesaquantitativedescriptionofthesituationofnatureinFlanders.Thepublicationofdistributionatlasesisanimportanttask,alsobecauseitisseenasanimportanttargetbytheamateurassociationswhichprovidethedata.possiblebasisfortheidentificationoftheindicationvalueofspeciesforparticularenvironmentalfactorsandprocesses.anychangesintheirpresencecanbedetectedintherelativelyshortterm.Thisalsoimpliesabettersupportofthenaturepolicy,focusingonparticularareas,whichrequiresdataatthelevelofplotsandnotattheleveloflargerareas(UTMorIFBLgrids).specieswithinaparticulargroupoforganisms,inaccordancewithastandardizedmethod.Thissortoflistprovidesimportantindicationsabouttheattentionwhichshouldbedevotedtospecificspeciesbyauthoritiesresponsibleforpolicyandmanagersofnaturalsites.

ChapterIII.5–158

Thecurrentandfutureresearchintof)Formulatingorsupportingadvice.Therehasbeenanenormousincreaseinthedemandfore)Theanalysisofthedistributionofcomponentsofbiodiversityinparticularareas.Withaqualitativeothertaxonomicgroups,assoonasthenumberofdataavailablepermitsthisfromaoftargetedmonitoring,seeabove),whileontheotherhand,aRedListcanbedrawnupofrelativelyeasytoinventoriseshouldbemonitoredonavirtuallypermanentbasis(bymeanstheleveltowhichspeciesareendangeredinawell-knowntaxonomicgroupwhichisprotectivemeasures.Inthiscontext,atwo-prongedapproachisadopted:ontheonehand,Combiningthesewiththeresultsofecologicalstudiesleadstotheformulationofspecificandquantitativepointofview.combinationofthedistributionmapsofdifferentspecies,itispossibletodrawupmapswhichindicatethepresenceoflargenumberofRedListspecies(intermsofspeciesorintermsofconcentration)or“hotspots”.ThisprovidesimportantindicationsaboutthegeographicaldistributionofcertainnaturalvaluesinFlanders.Comparing“hotspot”mapsofdifferenttaxonomicgroupsmakesitpossibletoexploretowhatextenttheseoverlapgeographically,andthereforealsotowhatextentthedataforone(orseveral)group(s)ofspeciescanprovideanindicationforthetotaldiversityofspecies.distributiondatarecently,bothfromtheprivatesector(studyagencies)andfromthepublicsector(regionalgovernment,localauthorities,universities).TherehasalsobeenademandfortheprocessingofMERsandGNOPstosupportscientificreportsontheidentification,recognition,protection,acquisitionandmanagementofnaturalsitesandlandscapes.Inaddition,theinformationonthedistributionofspecificspeciesisessentialbasicinformationforoutliningVEN,NATURA2000,etc. ecologicalrelationshipsbetweenorganismsandtheir environment will deal with two important individual Drawingupplansfortheb)Settingupandmaintainingadatabankontheecologicalknowledgeandinformationona)Carryingoutbasicresearchintotherelationshipsbetweenthepresence(orecologicallyaspects:relevantperformance)ofindividualspeciesandenvironmentalfactors.Thisanalysisofdatacollectedinthecontextofmonitoringanddistributionresearch(seeabove)candirectlycontributetothisorgeneratehypotheses.Carryingoutandstimulatingdetailedresearchintorelevantaspectsoftheecology(suchashabitatbinding,dispersal,survivalcapacitiesorreproductivesuccess)inrelationtoenvironmentalfactorsisconsideredessential.Itisalsodesirabletocarryoutstudiesintothegeneticvariationwithinindividualspeciesandtherelationshipwithenvironmentalfactors.animalandplantspeciesinFlanders.Thisshouldcollecttheessentialecologicalinformationonhabitatbinding,mobility,requirementsasregardsspace,etc.,ofindividualspecies.Thisdatabankwillprovidesupportandscientificbackgroundinformationfortheselectionofspecies(ortheirecologicallyrelevantperformance)asindicatorsforenvironmentalconditionsandvariousaspectsofthequalityofnature. protectionofspecies theplansfortheconservationorexpansionofendangeredspecies.Researchintothesuitabilityofaddition,attentionisfocusedondrawingupcriteriafortheprioritiesindrawingupprotectionsarytomonitortheeffectsofthemeasurescarriedouttoevaluatethesuccessoftheactions.Inintoecologicalrestorationormanagementactionswhichcanbeappliedinpractice.Itisnecestopicsreferredtoabove.Inthisrespect,theecologicalbasicknowledgeshouldbetranslatedisstronglybasedonresultsobtainedfromthepossiblereintroductionofspecieswhichhavedisappeared(locally)isalsocarriedout.

Topic 2: Communities and ecotopes communitiesandecotopes,2.thegeographicalvariationand3.thetemporalvariationinthis.Threesub-entitiesaredistinguishedinthistopic:viz.,1.the(ecological)typologyof

ChapterIII.5–159

temporalvariation everylogicalresearchprojectswillalsoresultintheintroductionoftargetedbiotopemonitoringinbesetup,takingintoaccountthepossibilitiesofotherinitiativesinthisfield.Theothertypo-courses,aswellascultivatedgrasslandsrichinspecies.Atargetedmonitoringprogrammewillfirstinstancefortheintegratedmonitoringofstagnantfreshwaterandbiotopesandwater,abasicrangeofinstrumentswillbedrawnupinthecase. Topic 3: Ecosystems and landscapes bleandaffordable)–itisexpectedthatinfutureitwillbeincreasinglyforcedtoadoptanToensurethatthepolicyonnatureiseffectiveformaintainingbiodiversity–andisalso(feasi enlargementofscale,incombinationwitha removaloffragmentation,overlappingand sustainability Inthelightofthewithanswersquestionsarisingfromthistrend.Thatiswhytheemphasisisonresearchinecosystems.Thereforethisaboveallinvolvescarryingoutandplanningresearchwhichahighnaturalqualityanddynamics,orwherealarge-scaleapproachwouldbepossible. synergybetweenthepolicyonwaterandnature andtheconservationofnature.Inthisresearch,theriversandvalleyareasareofcentralimpor–safetypolicy,etc.),theresearchfocusesonthepointsofcontactbetweenwatermanagement(totalwatermanagementtancewithresearchintotheinteractionsbetweenvalleyareasandthesurroundinglandscape(geology,topography,landuse,humanactivity)viawatercourses,minimumenvironmentaldemandsonthesurrounding(non-natural)landscape;theorganisationandmanagementofwatercoursesandtheirvalleyareas;testing,maintainingandoptimalisingmodelsforthemanagementofsurfacewaters,theresearchintotheprocessesintermsofhabitatrequirementsanddevelopmentinaquaticandinter-tidalenvironments;theresearchofthemethodologicalstudyofmorphologyandsedimentdynamicsinriverwatercoursesandtheirvalleys. ChapterIII.5–160

Inthecontextofthe (ecological)typology, Inthecontextofthedrawnelementsandarablecommunities).Specificsystem-orientedindividualtypologiescanbefurther(forests,dunes,heathland,mudflatsandtidalshores,watercourses,smalllandscapeknowledgecanalsobeextendedfortheotherbiotopesandspecifictypologiescanbedevelopedcommunities,brushwood,mantlesandundergrowth.Atasecondarystage,theexistingtypologies,priorityisgiventoextendingthesetomarshes,semi-naturalgrasslands,pioneeringfreshwaterenvironmentsandcultivatedgrasslandsrichinspecies.IndrawingupecotopeCurrentpointsforattentionincludedrawinguppragmaticecologicaltypologiesforstagnantecotopesOneimportantendresultisthedescriptionofthepresentandpossiblyprevioussituationofthebutalsothesituationinthepastthatisexaminedbymeansofhistoricalframesofreference.canplayanimportantrole.Inaddition,whereverpossible,itisnotonlythecurrentsituation,accountthefactthattheinfluenceofdegradation(acidification,fertilisers,fragmentation,etc.)Ecotopetypologyisbasedonbiotic,abioticandlandscapeecologicaldata;thesetakeintoareandundergrowth.Theultimateaimistodrawupasummaryoftheplantcommunitieswhichshores,marshes,dunesandheathland,brushwood,pioneeringenvironments,margins,mantlesrentlybeingoutlinedincooperationwithotherinstitutes:grasslands,mudflatsandtidalthetypesofnaturewithinvariousbiotopesarecurfoundinFlanders.andtheircommunities,includingthespecieswhichrequireattention.uponanadhocbasis. Inthecontextofthetakestypology,astartwillbemadeongeographicalmappingintheformofBWKversionthree.ThistheBiologicalEvaluationMap,version2.Afterathoroughdescriptionoftheecological,workwillbecarriedoutinthefirstinstanceonintoaccountthenewrelevantdevelopmentsinthisfield.

geographicalvariation

Inaddition, researchiscarriedoutintothestandsoftreesindryandwetecotopes Inthecontextoftheperipheralstandsoftreeswiththeemphasisonthemanagementofnutrientsinrelationtohydrologicalconditionfortherestorationofnature;researchintothe“chainsofdisruptionattheleveloftheknowledgeinFlanderswithresearchintotheeco-hydrologicalprocessesasaperipheralconstructionandtheadaptationofhydro-ecologicalmodelswillfillanextremelylargegapin,whereconditions;testingandadaptinghydro-ecologicalmodelsforFlanders. coordinationofnatureandotherusesofspace understandingAcentrewillbeestablishedtocoordinatetheintegratedmonitoringofthatareaforabettervation.butionofsuboptimaltypesofhabitatsinagriculturalareasandtheirfunctionfornatureconserableareasofnatureinruralareas–withaconcretestudyofthequalityandgeographicaldistrithemanagementwhichcanbeimposedonadifferentuseofspaceinordertoachievesustaintheecologicalsignificanceofsmalllandscapeelements),andontheperipheralconditionsforation),theresearchconcentratesontheroleofsmall,suboptimalhabitatsinruralareas(suchas,(e.g.,agriculture,recreofthe processeswithanimportantimpactonbiodiversityinthoseareas (total)whichwillcontinuetobefeasible,researchisalsocarriedoutinparticularinthecontextofInviewoftheenlargementofscaleandtherelatedincreasingdemandfortypesofmanagement grazingmanagement –withanoverallstudyoftheimpactofherbivoresontheirenvi ronment and vice versa. Insupportofthe increaseinthesurfaceareaofnaturalland mustbecarriedoutintotheBecauseanincreaseinthesurfaceareaofnatureimplieschangesinotherlanduse,researchOnwhatextentthemanagementcaninfluenceandreversethepatternsofsuccession(reversibility).qualityofbiodiversity,oranalysesofthedynamicsofvegetation,dependingonthequestiontoysesarecarriedoutoflessintensiveformsofmanagementwhichdonotcauseanylossinthelargerareaswithproportionatelyfewerfundsandlessmanpowerperunitofsurfacearea.Anal-management.Inconcreteterms,thisconcerns,forexample,researchintothemanagementofareexamined,focusingonsystemswhichcanbemaintainedinthelongtermwithminimalperipheralconditionsforthestartingconditionsandthenaturaldynamicsoftheareasofnatureAttentionisfocusedonsystemswhichcanbemanagedsustainablywithverylittleeffort.Theresearchalsoconcentratesonthebasicconditionsanddynamicsofnaturalareaseligibleforthis.(VEN)thatisaimedfor,thetheotherhand,thequestionarisestowhatextentsuccessionisirreversible.

thenseedanddispersalcapacity)inordertoestablishfunctionalnetworksofhabitats.Thismustcountryplanning(fragmentationandthedegreeofisolation)andbioticpotential(suppliesofmentalconditions(hydrology,themanagementofnutrients),thecharacteristicsoftownand,onthebasisofenvironberelatedtotheplanning/legal/socialaspects.

potentialforthedevelopmentofnature

Monitoring, preparation of policy and the Nature Report resultofthemonitoringbytheIN,otherenvironmentalauthoritiesandassociationsarecrucialprovideadvice,leadingtomoresuitableplanningandexecutionofpolicy.Dataacquiredasainformationonnature,incombinationwithacriticalandscientifically-basedreportandtoopmentpolicy”andthe“NatureReport”.TheaimistoprovideanefficienttransferofIntermsofdirectsupport,theINisparticularlyactivewiththehorizontalunits,“Naturedevelportferentlevelsandwithdifferentaims.Theinformationacquiredinthiswayalwaysservestosupprojectsandastudyoftheliterature.UseisalsooftenmadeofmonitoringprogrammesatdifWithinthethreeabove-mentionedresearchtopics,knowledgeisacquiredbymeansofresearchthemaintaskoftheInstituteofNatureConservation. ChapterIII.5–161

Natureforthepreparationandexecutionofpolicy,andobviouslyalsotoprovidesupportforagoodReport,whichappearseverytwoyears. Nature policy: theareasdefinedbyVENandIVON,inconsultationwithothersectorsandadministrations.significance(EUNatura2000,Ramsar).Attheregionallevel,itcooperatesparticularlywithOneoftheIN’simportantcontributionsistoprovideabasisfordefiningareasofinternational Nature Report Directive.Ontheonehand,theNARAevaluatestheJaneiro,1992)andsupportsthereportsontheexecutionoftheEuropeanBirdandHabitatTheNARAalsoservesasaninventoryinthecontextoftheBiodiversityConvention(Riodeenvironmentalnatureandtheenvironment.WhileMIRAreportsonthegeneralenvironmentalqualityandonTogetherwithMIRA,theNARAformsanimportantscientificbasisfortheFlemishpolicyonpolicy,theNARAdoessoforthesituationofnatureandthepolicyonthis. situationofnature, andontheother hand,itevaluatesthe policyplans created),theplanning,etc.),thepolicyprocesses(suchasthewayinwhichregulationsandinstrumentsare(governmentmanifesto,environmentalandnaturepolicy policyproducts (applicationofinstruments,executionofactions,etc.),andthe policyeffects methodsofdatabankswhichcanbeeasilyconsultedisveryimportantinthisrespect.Indicators,methodsandcomparingthemwithgoalsandnorms(preferablywithsetperiods).Thecreationinfluence.Thisisdonebymonitoringcarefullyselectedindicators,measuredwithstandardizedman’sattitudetonature,theuseofpolicyresources,theachievementsofthepolicyanditsquantitativedataonthesituationofnaturewhichareeasytointerpret(bioticandabiotic),on(theeffectsoftheproductsonnature).Thisrequirestheefficientavailabilityofandgoalsornormsarebasedonsupportingresearch. Monitoring as a central task oneofthecentraltasksoftheInstituteofNatureConservation,istheDependingonthesupportforpolicy,thedescriptionandevaluationofthesituationofnature, stimulation,steering, coordination,andtosomeextent,theexecutionofmonitoring withplaces).Ontheotherhand,thereisatrendtowardsafar-reachingintegrationofmonitoring,detail,followingupinteractingdeterminantsofbiodiversity(atthesametimeandinthesameForthefuture,theaimisontheonehandtoprovideintegratedmonitoring,selectivelybutinemployeesarestoredasfaraspossibleindatabanksaccessibletothepublicandarefedbacktothewiththehelpofnatureassociationsandalargenumberofvolunteers.Themonitoringresultsreservesandbiodiversityinruralareas.Thecollectionofdataonspeciesiscarriedoutmainlydevelopmonitoringsystems,forexampleinthecontextoffollowingupthemanagementinnaturereserves,plannologicallynaturalareas).Inaddition,agreatdealofworkiscarriedouttosomeindicatorsforthepolicyonnature(e.g.,thegrowthandspreadofthesurfaceareaofgroupsofspecies(topic1),biotopes(topic2),ecosystemsandlandscapes(topic3),aswellasadministrationsandpublicinstitutes.MonitoringbytheINcurrentlyfocusesmainlyonafewForestryandGameManagement,natureassociations,voluntarygroups,universities,sourcesarenowcollectedtogether:bytheInstituteofNatureConservation,theInstitutefor.Thedatafromthevariouswhentheyhavebeenprocessed.uniformmethodsandlocations. Support for the preparation and execution of policy areas,isimportantanddeterminestheinstrumentsandmeasuresforallnatureareas.TheInstiplanningandexecutionofpolicy.Thesupportforthenaturepolicy,focusingonparticularexaminationoftheliteratureformthebasisforthesupportwhichtheINcanprovidefortheThetranslationandintegrationofmonitoringresultsandthedataofempiricalresearchandantuteofNatureConservationwishestoplayanimportantadvisoryandcoordinatingroleinthe ChapterIII.5–162

collaborationdesertification,etc.)andthemonitoringofpopulationsandspecies.Thisisdoneinclosesuchasenvironmentalinfluencesonnature(disruptionchains,acidification,fertilisers,naturepolicyisalsogiventhescientificsupportwhichissociallyrequirednowadays,bytopicsregulations)andtheexecutioninthefield.Obviouslythequality-basedandspecies-orientedcomplexprocessofdefiningareas,developingavisiononnature(inthecontextofdivergentwithMIRA. Programme 61.3ForestsandGreenAreas stocks.Thisshouldcontributetothesustainablemanagementofforests,greenareas,faunaandfishIn1999,theInstituteformulateditstasksasfollows:TheBAs11.05,11.07,12.02,12.46,73.63and74.03InstituteforForestryandGameManagementForestryandGameManagement.InProgramme61.3aseriesofBAsprovidethefundsfortheresearchactivitiesoftheInstituteformanagementandtheprotectionofbirds.policyandappliedscientificresearchintoforestsandforestry,greenareas,freshwaterfishing,gameProgramme61.3concernspolicypreparation,specificoperatingcosts,subsidies,preparationoftotalfundsfortheseBAsamountto4.507millionEUR.•Toconceptualiseandinitiate(innovative)scientificresearch,dependingontheneedsandsignalsreceived(internal/external)•Tocarryoutandcoordinatescientificresearchandpolicy-orientedresearch•Totranslatetheacquiredinsightsforthepreparation,supportandevaluationofpolicy•Toprovidescientificservices,e.g.,advice,supplyofproducts,techniques,ideasanddocumentation,etc.•Toimprovethelevelofknowledgeanditsdisseminationthroughpublications,lectures,adocumentationcentre,etc. ForestsandForestry ontheirconditionandonpotentiallythreateningfactorsisessentialfortheirsustainablemanForestsformanimportantpartofourecological,economicandculturalheritage.Informationagement.Monitoringandsurveysaresuitableinstrumentsforcollectingthesedata.Since1987ayearlyinventoryoftheconditionofourforestshasbeenmade.Theobservationsarecarriedoutinasystematicnetworkofplotsandwillbecontinuedin2003.Thenetworkfortheintensivemonitoringofforestecosystemscollectsinformationontheunderlyingcausesofchangesintheconditionofforests.Theatmosphericdeposition,thecompositionofthesoil,thenutrientstatusofthetrees,thecompositionofthevegetationandothercharacteristicsofforestecosystemsareinvestigatedonaperiodicorpermanentbasis.Longtimeseriesofdataareessentialforthisresearch,andthereforethemeasurementsinthisnetworkwillbecontinuedin2003.Ameasurementtowerwasbuiltintheforest“DeInslag”inBrasschaatwithmeteorologicalsensorsandautomaticanalyserstomeasuretheconcentrationsofgaseouspollutants.In2003,thisresearchwillfocusmoreparticularlyonthenitrogencycleinforests,especiallyonthecontributionofnitrogencomponentsinthedrydeposition,andontheimpactofmeteorologicalvariablesonthedepositionofammonia.Thesethreeprojectsarecarriedoutwithintheframeworkoftheco-operativeprogrammesoftheEUandtheUN/ECE.TheForestSoilCoordinatingCentre,whichhasbeenaccommodatedintheInstitutesince2002,willcontinuetoberesponsiblefortheco-ordinationofstudiesonforestsoilinthecontextoftheseinternationalprogrammes. ChapterIII.5–163

(totalstocksforFlanderswillbeestimated.ThesedatawillbevalorisedaspartoftheCASTECIn2003,thesequesteredcarboninthesoilprofileofdifferentforestswillbecalculatedandtheknowledgeofreferenceformanyphysicalandchemicalvariables.Itprovidesageographically-orientedsibletounravelimportantrelationshipsbetweensoilandforest,andformsanimportantframe300sampledlocationsspreadthroughouttheFlemishforests.ThissetofdatawillmakeitposTheInstitutecompilesanimportantsitedatabasewithdataonforestsoilsandstands,basedoncausedcentresupportsforestmanagerswithregardtotheidentificationandcombatingofdamageThediagnosticcentrefortreediseasesanddamagewillbefurtherdevelopedin2003.Thisbyinsects,fungiandotherharmfulfactors.basesothatdetailedstudiescanbescaledupfromplotleveltoregionallevel. CArbon SequestrationpotentialinBelgian Terrestrial E studyofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs).ForWildcherrythisstudyissupplementedMeuse.Thestudyofgeneexchangebetweencloselyrelatedspeciesisalsoimportantinariskformer,thestudyservesasabasisfordirectivesfortherestorationofpoplarsalongtheborderofpollinationandgeneticpollutionintheEuropeanblackpoplarandtheforestcherry.Fortheandclones;researchwhichstartedinrecentyears.Geneticresearchisalsousedtostudypatternstheinventory,identificationandcharacterisationofnativespeciesoftreesandshrubs,varietiesthegeneticdiversityanddistributionofgeneswithinnaturalpopulationsandgenebanksandResearchintomoleculargeneticsisalsobeingfurtherexpanded.Thiscomprisesthestudiesofdevelopedtheirproductioncapacity,thecurrentstrategytoplantnewseedorchardswillhavetobefurtherwhileontheotherhand,therearesimplynoseedorchardsortheyareinadequateintermsofextremelylimitedforanumberoftreespecies(inparticular,WildcherryandCommonash),standswillbesubmittedin2003.AsthepossibilitiesfortheselectionofseedstandsareInthiscontext,otherproposalsfortherecognitionofanumberofseedorchardsandseeddiversityspecialattentionisdevotedtotheresistancetodiseases,includingthestudyofthegeneticsuperiorforestryandgeneticbasicmaterials.Inthisprocessofselectionandcross-fertilisation,species,includingmarketingnewpoplarclones.ThisaimsattheselectionandcreationofThereisarelatedprogramme,whichmakesavailablethecultivarsofeconomicallyvaluabletreeacterisationrentlyplantedspeciesoftreesandshrubsandtheconservation,continuedexpansionandcharposedin1998.Importantaspectsincludetheplantingofnativeseedorchardsforallthecurforthecontinueddevelopmentofthestrategyforsafeguardingindigenoustreesourcespro-Specialattentionisdevotedtotheprotectionanduseofgeneticresourcesinforestry,interalia,dredgedtem(stage3)andtheproposalsforsafesludgemanagementbasedonariskevaluationforplants(stage2),theemphasisisnowontheeffectsofpollutionattheleveloftheforestecosys-sitesalongthemainwaterways(stage1)andthestudyofthebio-availabilityofheavymetalsforAdministration,hasbeingfurtherdeveloped.FollowingasurveyoncontaminateddredgedTheresearchondredgedwetlands,commissionedbytheWaterwaysandMaritimeAffairssurveyed2003,containingalltheconclusionsoftheintensivemonitoringoverthreeyearsofgrowthinoustypesofmulchsheetsarealsobeingstudied.Adetailedfinalreportwillbepublishedinestsareplanted,withE.U.Lifesubsidies.Inadditiontomechanicalandchemicalmeans,variVariousalternativesarebeingexaminedtosuppresscompetitivetypesofvegetationwhenforforestry”typesrevealthehighestcarbonstocks,sothatitispossibletoimplementatargeted“carbontheKyotoProtocol.Ananalysiswillalsoclearlyshowwhichcombinationofforestandsoilstrategicexploration)andMETAGEprojectandserveforthereportsrequiredinthecontextofcosystems:quantificationandpolicy.plantings.landdeposits(stage4).oftheavailablegenebanksofnativetreesandshrubs.ofthepathogenicfungiandbacteriaconcerned.inthefuture. ChapterIII.5–164

theeffectivemanagementofopenareasinforests.ThissupportbothcoverstheimplementaIn2003,therearealsoplansfortheIBWtoprovidescientificsupporttotheadministrationforreserves.iesonthelocalisationandachievementsinforestexpansion,andinstallationofnewforestasummaryoftheecologicallymostvaluableforests,withdirectscientificsupportfornewstudestsintheprotected‘green’areas.BasedontheGISanalysis,thesameprojectwillalsoproduce(RUP),anddetermineprioritiesforchangesinthezoningplans,inordertoincludethesefortiontorespondrapidlytoproposalsforExecutionPlansforTownandCountryPlanningmaps,theofficialdocumentforlanduseplanninginFlanders.Thiswillenabletheadministramappedin(future)industrial,residentialandother‘non-green’areasontheland-usezoningtheInstituteiscurrentlydrawingupasummaryandevaluationofforestsinFlandersthatareInaddition,theIBWperformsanumberoftasks,whichdirectlysupportpolicy.Forexample,estestinghypotheses,whichwillbefurtherexaminedin2003inanewproject,fundedbytheForculturallandalsodirectlyrelatestopractice.Thefirstexploratorystudyin2002producedinterThecomparisonbetweenafforestationandspontaneousforestationonformerintensiveagriimprovebemonitoredinacontrolledway,andformulatepracticalandrelevantrecommendationstoforests.Theprojectwillbeconcludedin2003,andwillexamineanumberofaspectswhichcanaresuitablymanaged,theydohavegreatpotentialfornature,particularlynearancientalluvialnatureconservationandareassociatedwithforeststhatarelargelydeteriorated.Providedtheyforehaveimportanteconomicvalue,buttheyarealsooftenassociatedwithalimitedvalueforcantproportionoftheforestareainFlanders.Theyareoftenextremelyproductiveandthere-Research,isananalysisofecologicalvalueofpoplarstands.Theseforestsaccountforasignifi-Anotherimportantstudy,whichstartedin2001aspartoftheProgrammeforPolicy-OrientedBiologicalobligationstheGovernmentofFlandersenteredintointhecontextoftheConventiononscientificwork.Thismethodologycanmakeasignificantcontributiontomeetingthewerepresentedataninternationalconference,andwillsoonbepublishedasachapterinastructuralcharacteristicsoftheforestwhichdeterminebiodiversity.Theresultsofthisanalysisallplotsoftheforestinventory,givinganoverallevaluationandevolutionofimportantthedatasetoftheFlemishforestinventory,thusallowingdirectcalculationandmonitoringformonitorstructuralelementsforbiodiversityinforests.ThemethodologyisdirectlylinkedtoIn2001,theInstituteconcludedtheresearchintoastandardisedmethodologytoevaluateandbeingreservesanddeadwood.Forexample,fungigrowingondeadbeechandoakarecurrentlyAdditionalresearchisbeingcarriedoutontypicalaspectsofbiodiversitylinkedtoforestshouldcontinuesthisyear.Thisfocusesparticularlyonthespontaneousdevelopmentinforests,whichThemonitoringofanumberofalreadyrecognisedforestreserves(whichstartedin2000)alsosentativereserves.ThisappliesselectioncriteriadevelopedbytheIBWtocreateanetworkthatisrepreTheIBWfulfilsanimportantadvisoryroleinthedevelopmentofaFlemishnetworkofforestrecentlybeingcarriedout,populationgeneticstudiesarebeingcarriedoutonmustelids,andastartwasgenesinvolvedintolerancetorustinpoplars.AmoleculargeneticstudyonmammalsisalsoFrom2003on,astartwillalsobemadeongeneexpressionanalysisfortheidentificationofandMAS(MarkerAssistedSelection)startedin2001tosupportthecurrentselectionprojects.generationofseedorchardsinthefuture.Inaddition,theQTLstudy(QuantitativeTraitLoci)tionpatternsandincompatibleclonecombinationsconstitutesthebasisforthedesignofanewwithamolecularidentificationoftheincompatibilityalleles.Anunderstandingofthepollinamadeonexploratoryresearchonroedeer.forFlandersandinternationally.eventuallyresultinconcreterecommendationsforsustainableforestmanagement.intensivelysampled.DiversityandtheHelsinkiResolutionH2.thenaturalvalueofpoplarstands.&GreenAreasDivision. ChapterIII.5–165

treesoutsidetheexistingvolumetables.In2003,theemphasiswillbeonthemeasurementoffallenForestsandGreenAreasDivision,theywillalsobecomeheavier–andtheythereforeoftenfalllargespecimens.Astreesareallowedtogrow“old”inthenewmanagementvisionoftheAstartisalsobeingmadeonconstructingvolumetablesforoakandbeech,inparticular,forregeneration.contributetoaframeofreferencefortheevaluationofthepracticalfeasibilityofnaturalcollectedovertheyearsprovidesabetterunderstandingoftheprocessandwilleventuallytestinganumberofhypothesesfromthepreviousyears.Theintegratedprocessingofdataforestwillcontinue.Since2002wasaseedyearagain,theobservationscouldberepeatedthusThestudyonthenaturalregenerationofoakintheLoamyregionandbeechintheZonienfocusinstrumentsforthemanager,inordertoachieveforestrythatisclosertonature.In2003,theInthefieldofforestmanagement,mostattentionisdevotedtothedevelopmentofusefulstagestageandabetterresponsetotherequirementsoftheforestrysectorintheimplementationVLMtoimprovetheplanningapproachinsectorialvisionsonforestryduringtheplanningAnotherstronglypolicy-orientedtaskconcernsamethodologicalstudycommissionedbytheestablishedgivingadviceconcerningtheaspectsofforestry,bothforthenewproposalsforareasFortheimplementationoftheEuropeanHabitatandBirdDirective,theIBWisresponsibleforualtionofanevaluationtoolforestablishmentandrestorationofopenareasinforestsandamanforgoodmanagementoftheseopenareas.bydirectivesandforthedevelopmentofperspectivesonexistingareas.ofprojectsonlanduse.willbeontwotopics.anddrawingupallometricratiosbetweenthevolumeofthecrownandthetrunk. Game Management and Inland Fisheries areaandasregardsdensity)inthelasttenyears,attractsagreatdealofsocialattention,bothinFlandersisalsorelatedtothis.Thegeneralincreaseinthefoxpopulation(bothintermsofResearchintothepopulationdynamicsofthefoxandtheecologyanddistributionofmustelidsaddition,whichpracticeandtheorycorrespondwillbestudiedinaprojectsponsoredbytheNMBS.Inproblems(anincreaseinthenumberoftrafficaccidents,damagetocrops,etc.).Theextenttoreductionoftheviabilityoftheexistingpopulations,far-reachingisolationcouldleadtolocalconsequencesofthisonroedeer.WhilethereisadangerthatfragmentationcouldresultinaandtheIUCNresolution2.29ofAmman).Attentionisalsodevotedtofragmentationandthement,butalsoconcernsinternationalcommitments(RIO2000,ConventionforBiodiversityagementandforamendmentstoit.Thisisnotonlypartofthelocalorregionalfaunamanageofspeciesofgameandthetrendsregardingtheiruseisessentialfortheevaluationofthemangameinventoriesandstatisticsongamethathasbeenshot.MonitoringthepopulationtrendsTheInstitutesupportsgamemanagementunitstodrawuptheirgamemanagementplans,combatingforrecreationalpurposes,ecologicalengineering)andtheresearchintotheimpactofmanagementplan,huntingstatistics)andthefisherycommissions(restockingpolicy,jointusepriorityinthisrespect.Inthiscontext,thescientificsupportofgamemanagementunits(gameApolicyonhuntingandriverfishinginwhichthewiseuseofnaturehasacentralplace,isaidlycontexttheyareconductingresearchintoharmfulspeciesofvertebrateanimalswhicharerapmanagementsectorsapproachtheenvironmentmorefromthepointofviewoftheuser.Inthisinthesecondplaceplayapartinprovidingservicesforsociety,theinlandfisheryandfaunaWhileforestsare,inthefirstinstance,thenaturalbuildingblocksoftheenvironment,andonlyincreasinginnumber.undesirablespecies,isessential.thiswillexaminehowexistingproblemscanberesolved. ChapterIII.5–166

ontheIBIcanbedetermined.Thisimproved.Theseasonaleffectsonfishpopulationsarealsobeingstudiedsothattheirimpacthavebeendevelopedandtheindexesfortheflagsalmon,troutandsmeltzonearebeingfurthernant,running);bream,trout,barbel,graylingandthesmeltzone).Uptonow,threeindexesminimumvaluesofthismulti-parametricindex,differdependingonthetypeofwater(stag-(IBI),basedonfishpopulationsisbeingdeveloped.Theparametersandthemaximumandmeasureofthegeneralqualityoftheenvironment.Inthiscontext,anIndexforBioticIntegritytions,thespreadofnon-indigenousspecies,etc.).EvolutionsinfishpopulationsserveasaevolutionofFlemishfishpopulations(e.g.,thestatusoffishspecies,changesinfishpopula-TheInlandFisheriesSectionoftheGameManagementDivisionisintensivelymonitoringtheraretheproblemofcombatingtheseanimalsinprotectedareas,andthepossibilityofalsocatchingfriendliness(exterminationmethods),andthemanagementandconservationofbiodiversity:aswellastheperipheralconditionsrelatedtoenvironmentalhygiene(useofpoison),animalbothtothepopulationecologyofthesespecies,andtheimpactoftheactionstocombatthem,Inthestudyoncombatingthemuskrat,thewaterratandthecoypu,attentionwasdevotedpopulationsprovidedontheissueoffragmentationandthevitalityofpopulationsfromthestudyontothemustelidfamily)willprovideananswertothisquestion.Usefulinformationwillalsobeanimalsthemselves.Researchintosamplesoftissue(obtainedfromroadkillvictimsbelongingsametime,thisaccumulationofcontaminatingsubstancescanhaveanegativeeffectontheasagoodindicatorofthebiologicalpresenceoftoxicsubstancesintheenvironment.Atthecarnivores.Becauseoftheirecologicalpositionatthetopofthefoodchain,theycanalsoserveinfrastructure,whiletheycanstill(oragain)comeintoconflictwithprivateinterestsasthecontextofthefragmentationofhabitatsandtechnicaladaptationsofnaturetothetrafficMustelidsareconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportantindicatorsandtargetgroupspeciesinblebecauseoftheharmtothegamethatishuntedandtosmalllivestock,andbecauseofthepossiriskstopublichealth(spreadofthefoxtapeworm).andgeneticsthatwasstarteduprecently.orprotectedspecies. fishmeasurementnetwork pollutionintheenvironment.Furthermore,theinfish,inparticularineels.ThisprovestobeasuitablemethodformeasuringemissionlevelsofInadditiontotheabove-mentionedstudy,concentrationsoftoxicsubstancesarealsomeasuredmethodologyonthequalityofourfishandtheirbiotope.WorkiscurrentlybeingcarriedouttodevelopthisthereforeprovidesthebasicdatafurtherinordertoimplementtheEuropeanWaterframeworkdirective. eelpollutantmeasurementnetwork

ChapterIII.5–167

passages,spawninggroundsandnature-friendlyriverbankstopromotefishpopulations.http://vismigratie.instnat.be.InnovativeresearchisalsobeingcarriedoutintothedesignoffishspreadandupdatingoftheinformationacquiredviatheinternetaddresscoursesintheFlemishRegion.Theinteractivedatabankthatwasdrawnupwillfacilitatethebeenconcluded:thisisaninventoryoftheproblemsformigratingfishspeciesinprioritywaterbanksandtheoptimalisationofthepossibilitiesoffishmigration.Thefirststagehasalreadycourses.Inthisrespect,theemphasisisparticularlyonanature-friendlyreorganizationofriverTheresearchontherecoveryofthebiotopefocusesonthestructuralrestorationofwaterondatathathavebeencollectedcanbeorganisedinadatabankwhichcaneventuallybeconsultedTheFishInformationSystem(V.I.S.)iscurrentlybeingdeveloped,sothatallthefish-relatedwaterpassthroughthefoodchain,thesemeasurementshavebeenextendedtootherspeciesoffreshlicwaters.Inthecontextofthepossibleconsumptionoffishandthewayinwhichpollutantspublichealth,andhasresulted,amongstotherthings,inrestrictionsonremovingeelfrompubinformationabouttheextenttowhichfishcanbeconsumed.Obviouslythisisimportantforalsoprovidesfish,suchaspikeandpikeperch.theinternet.

obtainorunobtainableonthemarket,areroutinelybredinthecontextoftherestockingpolicy.addition,someoftheendangered,ecologicallyvaluablespeciesoffishwhicharedifficulttorestorationoftheaquaticbiodiversity,oneofthetopicsoftheenvironmentalpolicyplan.Inductionofrareorextinctindigenousfreshwaterspecies.ThisisdonefortheconservationandfocusesinthefirstplaceonthescientificresearchintothegeneticcharacterisationandreproIntheexperimentalfishbreedingareasoftheForestsandGreenAreasDivision,theInstitutetheirSeveraloftheseinitiatives,whichhavealreadybeencarriedout,arebeingevaluatedintermsofefficiency. Methodological support providespersonalsupervisionandadviceforthedesignofresearchandthestatisticalanalysis.follow-upofstatisticalsoftwareandthedevelopmentofstandards.Ontheotherhand,itinstitute,attwolevels.Ontheonehand,itprovidesglobalsupportbyprovidingtraining,theinterpretationofthedata.ThisunitcontributestoallthecurrentworkingprogrammesattheForthelasttwoyearstherehasbeencentralsupportforthestatisticalanalysisand The social support for research fundsresultsoftheresearchiscrucialforthesupportofthescientificresearch.From2003,extraadditiontotheoperationalandeasilyaccessiblelibrary,communicatingprogressandtheattention.Inthisrespect,anoperationalcommunicationunitintheIBWisessential.InCommunicationwithpolicy,sitemanagersandthegeneralpublicareaconstantfocusofwillbeallocatedtoimprovethisaspectofcommunicationfurther. International cooperation processataninternationallevel.InthiswayFlanderswishestoachievethedesireddecision-makingIncreasingly,environmentalandnaturepolicy(andthereforealsoforestrypolicy)aredealtwithandcarryoutinternationalobligations. Forestry policy often appears on the international agenda: 2.Thefollow-upoftheministerialconferencesfortheprotectionofforestsinEuropewith1.ThePost-Rioprocess,includingthe“ForestryConvention”andtheIntergovernmentalPanelonForests,withsubjectssuchas:1.1.ThecertificationofForestProductsandInternationalTrade1.2.CriteriaandIndicatorsforSustainableForestManagementtherelatedresolutions:2.1.Strasbourg(1990):monitoringnetwork,storinggeneticpotential,databankofforestdiseases,researchnetworkontreephysiologyandforestecosystems.2.2.Helsinki(1993):sustainableforestmanagement,maintainingbiodiversity,cooperationwithEasternEurope,strategyforthelong-termadaptationofforeststoclimatechange.2.3.Lisbon(1998):socio-economicaspectsofsustainableforestmanagement,Pan-Europeancriteria,indicatorsanddirectivesforsustainableforestmanagement.Thefollow-upoftheseresolutionsforFlandersiscoordinatedbytheForestsandGreenAreasdivisionandtheInstituteforForestryandGameManagement.Inaddition,theInstituteparticipatesinanumberofinternationalresearchprogrammesinthecontextoftheFifthFramework,LifeandCOST.In2003,theInstituteisparticipatinginthefollowingEUprojects:•RAP:“Improving Fraxinus (Ash)productivityforEuropeanneedsbytesting,selection, propagation and promotion of improved genetic resources”. ChapterIII.5–168

• fertiliserThesecondprojectexaminesthepotentiallyincreasedatmosphericdepositsofacidandanddataavailablenow(updatingthemapsofforests,resultsoftheregionalinventoryofforests)sourceofemissions.ThefirstprojectisaimedatdrawingupamethodologyonthebasisoftheforestryintheFlemishcarbonmanagementandtheirpossibleroleasasourceofcarbonorasaUptonow,FlandershasnotbeenabletooutlineanaccuratepictureoftheroleofforestsandenceontheEnvironmenttookdecisionsonthecompulsoryreportsandemissioninventories.Recently(followingtheBelgianratificationoftheKyotoProtocol)theInterministerialconferbiodiversity”.proposalsunderthisbudgetitem,whichfallundertheenvironmentaltopic,“Lossofavailableforresearch.TheThefundsavailableforBA12.63amountto0.521millionEUR,ofwhich0.450millionEURistreatiesandotherobligationsfreshwaterfishinginFlandersandinaninternationalcontext,inaccordancewithinternationalstudiesandmodelprojectsinthefieldofforestry,greenareas,hunting,theprotectionofbirdsandBA12.63Forestsurveys,aforestinventoryandavarietyofexpenditurerelatedtopolicy-orientedforEuropeaneel(EuropeanInlandFisheriesAdvisoryCommissionandInternationalCouncilTheIBWisinvolvedinaninternationaladvisoryforumforthemanagementofstocksoftheExplorationoftheSea).ForestsandGreenAreasDivisionofAMINALhassubmittedtwo•ForestryinLULUCFreportsinthecontextoftheexecutionoftheKyotoProtocol.•Atmosphericdepositsinforestmarginsandtheirimpactonthevegetationovertimeandspace.atsubmittingthefirstfullreportinthecontextoftheLULUCFreports.componentsinforestmarginsandestimatestheconsequencesonforestvegetation.

•

• WorkingTheinstituteisrepresentedthereintheManagementCommittee,theCoreGroup,andisGroupLeaderforoneofthethreeworkinggroupsinthisaction.

E27:TheIBWisalsoparticipatinginthenewCOSTaction,whichstartedin2002–COST–“ProtectedforestareasinEurope–analysisandharmonisation”.

• comeschemicalweedkillersfortheplantingofforestsandinfrastructuralgreenareas.ThisprojectWithEUsupport(LIFE),researchhasbeencarriedoutsince1998intoalternativestotoanendin2003.

• horticulturalGENEROSE:“GeneticevaluationofEuropeanroseresourcesforconservationanduse”.

• todependsonasolidandstandardisedmethodologicalrangeofinstruments.TheprojectaimsareusedinEurope.ThesuccessfulimplementationoftheWaterFrameworkDirectivemostimportantindicatorsforfuturebiologicalmonitoring.Currently,differentfishindexesachievingagoodqualityofsurfacewaterwithin15years.Fishareconsideredasoneofthememberstatesmustprotect,improveorrestoretheirsurfacewaters,withtheaimofbetween23Europeanpartners.AccordingtothenewWaterFrameworkDirective,theRivers–AContributiontotheWaterFrameworkDirective)isacooperativeventureofaStandardizedFish-basedAssessmentMethodfortheEcologicalStatusofEuropeanstartedinJanuary2002.TheFAMEproject(Development,EvaluationandImplementationAnEUresearchprojectrelatingtoaPan-Europeanapproachtothe“fishindexconcept”developandevaluatethis.

• understandPOPYOMICS:“Linkingphysiology,moleculargeneticsandgenomicsInPopulustoyieldandqualityforbiomassandtimberproductionacrossEurope.”

ChapterIII.5–169

Programme 61.4Land management TheavailablefundsforBA12.33amountto0.140millionEUR,andaremanagementandsoilpolicyBA12.33Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtoresearchonlandconsolidation,landuse,agriculturalthisstudyistoproduce:onscientificknowledge,andthereforeoftenresultinthedeteriorationofthesituation.Theaimofpartiallyexaminedanddescribed.Thetechnicalsolutions,iftheseevenexist,areinsufficientlybasedtotheroadinfrastructureandtoprivateproperty.Uptonow,thisphenomenonhasonlybeensubstratumwithdifferentcharacteristics.Theselandslides(massmovements)causegreatdamagewhichareverysensitivetolandslides,inwhichthecompleteupperstratamovesinrelationtoalandslidesintheFlemishArdennes.ThisregionischaracterisedbythepresenceoftertiarydepositsThefundsavailableonthisBA(0.1millionEUR)mustbeusedwhollytostartaresearchprojectoncombatingerosionBA12.06Expenditurerelatedtocross-borderandothersupra-regionalcooperativeprojectson•Amapwiththemostimportantproblemareasresultingfrommasstransport.Theintentionisthateverytypeoflandslideshouldberepresentedonthismap.•Athoroughdescriptionofeverytypeoflandslide–withtheexternalcharacteristics,geological,geomorphologicalandgeotechnicalperipheralconditions/causes/factors/consequences.•AproposalforamethodologyfordrawingupamapoftherisksoflandslidesinFlanders.•Asummaryofthegeneralprinciples/methodstotacklethetypesoflandslideswhichhavebeenstudied,onthebasisofexistinginformationandexpertise,possiblyfromabroad.usedcompletelybytheLandDivisionofAnimalfortworesearchprojects.Inthefirstproject,“Anarea-basedstudyofthepossibilitiesfor,andtheproblemsofcombatingerosionintheprovincesofLimburgandFlemishBrabant”,anattemptismade,interalia,togainpracticalexperienceoftheapplicationofdifferenttechniquestocombaterosion,underFlemishconditions.Thesecondprojectcomprisesthedevelopmentofadatabankondamagetothesoil.ThecurrentlevelofknowledgewithregardtotheconditionofFlemishsoilisinadequate.Theaimoftheprojectistoexaminewhatdataareneededtomonitorthevarioustypesofnegativeeffectsandthebasicqualityofthesoil,andtoproposeastructuretostorethesedata.BA61.41GrantforthePublicLandAgencyofFlanders0.149millionEURofthetotalfundsof0.915millionEURisallocatedfortheexecutionofthestudy,“Quantificationofthereductioninthedistributionofpesticidesandweedkillersintowatercoursesandsunkenroadsbyconstructingbordersaroundplots”.Theprojectcomprisestwoparts:ontheonehand,theformulationofquantifiableparametersandindicators(withusefulrulesofthumborsimplemodels)toestimatetheeffectofplotbordersonthereductionofpesticidesinnearbyareas;ontheotherhand,anestimateoftheeffectoftheplotborderswhichalreadyexist. Programme 61.5Water Management BA 12.59Applied scientific studies into surface water, groundwater and drinking ordertoprovideincentivesforrationalandsustainablewaterconsumptionandtopromoteTheaimofthefirststudyistofindthebestpossibleratesfortheuseofvarioustypesofwaterininitiativesisusedbytheWaterDivisionofAMINALfortwostudiestosupportorpreparepolicysurfacewateranddrinkingwater.Asignificantproportionofthesefunds(0.167millionEUR)Thisbudgetitemprovides0.260millionEURforappliedscientificresearchintogroundwater,waterrelatedtowatermanagement:•Researchintotheintroductionoftaxesontheuseofuntreatedwatersources•ClusterstudyofthewatersectorinFlanders:secondstage ChapterIII.5–170

possiblecomparethiswiththesituationabroad.Inaddition,italsoexaminestheimpactofotherAsecondstudyaimstogiveasurveyofthewatersectorinFlandersattheeconomiclevelandavoidgoodsubstitutionpossibilitiesfordifferenttypesofwaterconsumption.Inotherwords,tounintendedsubstitutions.typesofmanagementofthewatersector. andOA62TownandCountryPlanning,Housing,MonumentSitesAdministration PolicyProgramme62.1TownandCountryPlanning,UrbanDevelopmentandLand researchandcountryplanning.0.25millionEURisallocatedfor2003,whichwillbe100%devotedtoplanningandeconomics,whicharerelevantbothforthepolicyareaofeconomicsandfortownseparatedfromBA12.32.ThisbudgetisspecificallyreservedforstudiesontownandcountryThebasicallocation12.33wasfirstincludedinthebudgetfor2002,whenthefundswerestudiesBA12.33Avarietyofexpenditurewithregardtotownandcountryplanning–economicprepareandevaluationoftheStructuralPlanforTownandCountryPlanninginFlanders,andtopreparatorystudieswillalsobecontractedout,dependingonthepolicy-orientedmonitoringdrawupexecutionplansforregionaltownandcountryplanning.AnumberoftargetedtheframeworkagreementfortheadministrativeandlogisticalsupportfortheAROHMtotheauthoritiesatthelowerlevel.Inaddition,asignificantproportionofthebudgetwillgotoforthecoordination,monitoringthecontentandthedialoguewiththesectorsconcernedandresearch–theday-to-dayexecutionofthiswillbecontractedout.TheAROHMisresponsibleontheexecutionoftheseprocesses.Thisrequiresagreatdealoflabourintensivepreparatorygateways,therelationtotheprocessesofdefiningurbanareas,areaswithanagriculturalandnaturalstructure,Flandersshouldbecarriedoutatanacceleratedrate,whichrequiresanincreasedeffort,e.g.,inThegovernmentmanifestostatesthattheStructuralPlanforTownandCountryPlanninginapproximatelyTotalfundsof2.135millionEURareavailableforsciencepolicyonthisBA,ofwhichsupportBA12.32Avarietyofresearchandstudiesrelatedtotownandcountryplanningandexternalfordrawingupexecutionplansforregionaltownandcountryplanning80%isforresearchinsupportofpolicy.furtherelaborationofurbanandeconomicnetworks,aswellasprojectsfocusingfortheRSVbis.insupportofpolicy. Programme 62.2Monuments and Sites BA 12.23Study costs related to monuments and instituteisfacedwithagreatchallenge.Ontheonehand,thefieldofresearchisbroader,andofthebasicarchiveswastransferredtotheMonumentsandLandscapesDivision.Thenewheritage.TheformercompetenceoftheI.A.P.withregardtothemanagementandprotectiononresearchandonincreasingtheaccessibilityofthearchaeological,monumentalandlandscapefortheArchitecturalCulturalHeritage.Thenewscientificinstitute,knownasBRON,focusesTheInstitutefortheArchaeologicalHeritageisbeingtransformedintotheFlemishInstituteBAand0.265millionEURisallocatedtothisBAforscientificresearchonthepolicyformonumentssitessites,aimedatacomprehensiveapproachtothelandscape.41.01GrantforBRON,FlemishInstitutefortheArchaeologicalHeritage ChapterIII.5–171

works.WalraversijdeMuseuminRaversijdearealsospecialitemsintheinstitute’sprogrammeofarchaeologicalparkinEname,theHerkenrodeabbeyinHasselt-Kuringenandtheheritage,heritageeducation,planning,funding,managementandtourism.Projectssuchastheoutresearchinthisrespect.Centraltopicsinclude:scientificnormsforprovidingaccesstothetoimprovethequalityandefficiencyofthepresentationofourheritage.Theinstitutewillcarrythestruggletoexamine,protectandpreserveourthreatenedheritage.Thereforeitisessentiallic.Thisleadstoagreatersenseofcommunity,andthepubliccanbecomeanimportantallyinmonumentsandlandscapesonlybecomesreallyvaluableiftheresultsaresharedwiththepubNomatterhowimportantandthoroughitis,thescientificresearchofarchaeologicalsites,Thisoneofthetasksoftheinstitute,moretimewillbecomeavailableforthepublicationofresearch.resultofthereforms,whichmeanthatthemanagementofarchaeologicalresearchisnolongerLikemanyotherarchaeologicalservices,theI.A.P.isfacedwithalackofpublications.Asaunit.rationandforthesupportofpolicy,theinstituteisalsodevelopingamaritimearchaeologyologicalheritageonland.InthecontextoftheplannedexpansionofitsscientifictaskinprepaDespiteitsmaritimepast,archaeologyinFlandershasfocusedalmostexclusivelyonthearchaefaunathedisruptionofnaturalbiotopes,thehumanmodellingoflandscapes,andmovementsinattentionfortheecologicalperspectiveconcernedwithover-exploitation,erosion,pollution,patternsofhunting,fishingandcattlerearing,landuseandtradingstrategies,thereisalsothesoil,andbystudyinghumanremains.Inadditiontoeconomicissues,suchas,forexample,withananalysisofarchaeologicalremainsofanimalsandplants,byobservingphenomenainactionbetweenman,andthefauna,flora,soilandgeologicalsubsoilthroughtime.ThisisdoneThenaturalsciencesunitwillbefurtherdeveloped.Anattemptwillbemadetofollowtheinter-workingthatthescientificnatureofthearchaeologicalresearchdoesnotsufferasaresult,theinstituteisThereisachancethatcontractarchaeologyinFlanderswillbecomemoreimportant.Toensureareinvolvedinthefield.Thisisparticularlyimportant,becausethevarioussectionsoftheinstitutetionsexceedsthecapacityoftheinstitute,therewillbemorecooperationwithotherpartiesdangerofbeinglostasaresultoftheplannedactivities.Asthenumberofemergencyexcavations.Theselectionoftheresearchismainlybasedonthevalueoftheinformationwhichisinexaminationsofsites,emergencyinterventions,preventiveresearchandemergencyexcavaarchaeologicalsiteswillcontinueandbeintensifiedwithoutinterruption.ThisisdonewithInadditiontotheseeffortswithregardtodrawingupaninventory,researchintoendangereduatingparticularlyvaluable,vulnerableorendangeredelementsofthearchaeologicalheritage.accompaniedbytopic-basedinitiatives.Thesefocusontracing,determining,definingandevalinmoredetail.Thisworkondrawingupaninventory,carriedoutbyaprojectteam,willbetage.Theavailableinformationisanalysed,gapsareidentifiedandtheGISaspectisexaminedanessentialworkinginstrumentforthestructuralandarchaeologicalmanagementoftheheriofascientificallysupportedandconstantlyupdatedCentralArchaeologicalInventory,whichis2003willbeatransitionalyear.Inthefirstplace,therewillbefurtherworkonthecompletionroomarchaeology,monumentsandlandscapesformanintegratedwhole.Ontheotherhand,thereisforfar-reachingworkonincreasingaccessibilityinadditiontoresearch.activeataregional,nationalandinternationallevel.onestablishingqualitynormsandpreparingmeasuresforqualitycontrol.andflora.willalsobecomeoneofthemainconcernsoftheworkcarriedout. ChapterIII.5–172

Programme 62.4Housing BA 12.05Expenditure for research and monitoring in the Housing policy willingconsumer”willhaveacentralplaceinthis.Inprinciple,theexecutionofthissubstantialtaskresearchneedsinrelationtotheFlemishhousingpolicy,foraperiodofthreeyears.The“housofa“housingresearchcentreinFlanders”,whichwillberesponsiblefordeterminingthewillbestartedfortheexecutionofthisprogrammeforseveralyears.ThisconcernsthecreationTheproceduretocontractoutaresearchtaskforseveralyearsrelatedtohousinginFlandersforInthisway,theeffectivecollectionofdataisapermanentactivity,whichmeansthatthefundspliedonaregularbasis.Thismeansthatthepolicycanbemonitored,evaluatedandamended.otherhand,thebasicinformationthatisrequiredonthehousingsituationinFlandersissuppreparationofpolicy,onthebasisoftheinitiativesoftheGovernmentofFlanders.Onthewishes.Theexecutionoftheprogrammeforseveralyearswillmeettheneedforresearchinsustainablehousingforagoodqualityoflife;thequalityofhousing;housingneeds;housingoverseveralyears.Thecentraltopicsofthisprogrammeforseveralyearsare:policyevaluation;Since2002,thehousingbudgethasallowedforthepossibilityofimplementingaprogrammesurveyedingpolicyinFlanders.Theprivaterentalmarketisanalysedandthevariouspartiesinvolvedaresecondstudyexaminestowhatextenttheprivaterentalmarketcanbeincorporatedinthehous-improvethehousingsituationofchildreninFlanders.Thisstudyisnowinthefinalstage.Aingsituationcorrespondstotheirneedsandwishes,andformulatesrecommendationstoexamines–onthebasisofananalysisofdataandalarge-scalesurvey–towhatextentthehous-ingwishesofchildren(uptotheageof18)inFlanders(PBO99).Inthiscontext,thestudythefirstplace,researchisbeingcarriedoutintothehousingsituation,housingneedsandhous-Inadditiontotheshort-termstudiesreferredtoabove,thereareanumberofotherstudies.InThenumberofcharacteristics(includingsurfacearea,positioninBPA,locationinaspecialarea).mapofFlanders,whichcanbeconsultedforavailablelandinresidentialareas,indicatingaarenotbuiltupwithinresidentialareasinFlanders.ThisstudyshouldresultinadigitalbasicAttheendof2002,aresearchcontractwasawardedwiththeaimofrevealingtheareaswhichfourhousing/welfareworkinggroupinwhichpolicymakersofbothfieldsarerepresented.Thesehousingpolicyandthewelfarepolicy.Atthepolicylevel,thisstudyledtotheestablishmentofaattentionwasfocusedonimprovingthecoordinationandinterrelationshipbetweenthethemaximumsellingpriceofhousingforwhichfundswererequestedwasincreased.Finally,fundswasalsoscrutinisedinaseparatestudy.Oneoftheconcreteresultsofthisstudywasthatqualityoflifecoefficientinthesehousingprojects.Theoperationofthecompaniesprovidingcouldbemadeaccountable,inordertoacceleratesocialhousingprojectsandachieveahigherregardtoacquiringandkeepinghousing.Thisexaminedhowthelocalhousingauthoritiesintothepossibilitiesofsimplifyingandincreasingtheefficiencyofmeetingprivateneedswith2002inthecontextofaninclusiveandintegratedhousingpolicy.OnestudywascarriedoutAnumberofshort-termstudieswerecommissionedinsupportofpolicyduringthecourseoffieldresearchcommissionswereconcludedintheautumnof2002.finalresultsareexpectedinmid-2003.forthispurpose.thisaspectofpolicyarespentonthebasisofbetterinsights.startintheautumnof2003. ChapterIII.5–173

OA 63RoadsandTrafficAdministration Programme 63.4General infrastructure and traffic policy majorityofthisconcernsattitudestomobilityandmobilitybehaviourinthebusinessworld.Approximatelythreequartersofthetotalfundsof744,000EURisusedforscientificresearch.Therequirementsandstudiesrelatedtoorganisation,management,etc.upandexecutingindustrialtransportplans,includingstudiesandsurveysrelatedtomobilityBA12.23Expenditurewithregardtomobilitystudiesandforthesupervisionrelatedtodrawingthequalityoftheproductsproducedatdifferentstagesoftheprocess.provinciallevel.Oneofthemostimportantconditionsforsubsidisingstrategicplanningactivitiesisoftheexploratorymemorandumandthepolicyplanarefollowedupbyanauditcommissionatthethemunicipalitiesfordrawinguptheexploratorymemorandumandthemobilityplan.ThequalityHowever,itdoesmakeafinancialcontribution,repayingtwothirdsofthestudycostsincurredbymemorandumandapolicyplan.Theadministrationdoesnotproduceanymobilityplansitself.MobilityPlan.Therearethreestages:drawingupanexploratorymemorandum,asynthesising0.515millionEURisallocatedtothisBA.ThefundsmeetthestudycostsfordrawinguptheprojectsonmobilityagreementsandbasicmobilityBA12.10Avarietyofexpenditureinconnectionwiththepreparation,studyandmonitoringof OA 64WaterwaysandMarineAffairsAdministration Programme 64.2Ports coherentportpolicy.improvementofthestructureoftheadministrationisalsobeingexamined,inordertoimplementashouldresultintheimprovementofworksinports,andworksformaritimeaccess.TheThesefundsareincludedintheprogrammeonports,withtheaimofconductingstudieswhichcontactsMarineAffairsAdministration,includingavarietyofexpenditurearisingfrominternationalBA12.21StudiesandresearchrelatedtoportissuesandthereorganisationoftheWaterwaysand Programme 64.4General infrastructure and shipping policy Keysupportwatersystems(inacomplete,scientificallyreliableandhighqualitymanner).ThisservestoHydraulics”–aimstoprovideexperience,knowledge-relatedproductsandadviceinthefieldofTheHydraulicEngineeringLaboratoryandHydrologicalResearchDivision–“FlandersMissionResearchBAs12.01,12.90,and74.04TheHydraulicEngineeringLaboratoryandHydrologicalDivisionthepolicyoftheGovernmentofFlanders.activities•theidentificationofgovernmentneedsintermsoftheexpertiseandknowledge-relatedproductsinthefieldofwater-relateddisciplines:hydrodynamics,hydraulics,morphology,nauticalstudiesandwater-basedecology; ChapterIII.5–174

• ofcarryingoutspecificresearchforpreparingorsupportingthepolicyandtheimplementationpolicy,withorwithoutthecollaborationoftheacademicorindustrialworld;

• theinfrastructure(applicationsandphysicalfacilities)forthepurposesofscientificresearch,fortoprovideandmaintaintheavailableexpertise,knowledge-relatedproductsandresearchauthoritiesandfortheindustry;

• academicsufficient,aswellasjointlyadvisingtheauthoritiesandotherparties–togetherwiththeadvisingtheauthoritiesandindustryaboutproblemsforwhichabroadknowledgeisnotworldandindustry–onthebasisoftheavailableexpertiseacquired;

TheDivisionactsonthebasisofthefollowingpublicinstitutions,scientificinstitutes,andeventhirdparties.theAWZ,butitalsomakesitsexpertiseandinfrastructureavailabletootheradministrationsorrelatedinfrastructure,dredgingoperations,nauticalmatters,etc.Essentially,theDivisionsupportssupportforthedesign,planning,implementationandmonitoringofprojectsinthefieldofwater-Minister,andbythepolicyimplementingdivisions(mainlytheAWZ),whichneedscientificalsothecompetent

• assessmentintegratedresearchforthedesignofahydrologicalinfrastructure,andfortheoptimalthecollection,managementandexploitationofthenecessarybasicdata,toallowforoftheeffectsofinterventionsandeventsinandalongwaterways;

strategicobjectives 1.toachieveasociallyandeconomicallyacceptablesafetylevelforfloods,relatedtothesion,ittriestocontributetothesolutionofthefollowingkeysocialissues:and,inaccordancewithitsmis-surroundingfactorsandtheobjective;toimprove safetyinthecaseoffloods 2.toplayastrategicroleinthelevel.risksattachedtohighwaterlevelsinrivers,extremerainfall,highsealevelsandtheriseintheseaandtoreducethe efficientmanagementofthefreshwaterreserves inFlanders,to 3.tocontributetoavoidtheproblemsofdehydrationandwatershortages. betterinvestmentsbythegovernment 4.tocontributetoanandenvironmentalnuisancecanbereduced.bybuildinguptheknow-howofthehydraulicsystems,sothatmaintenance,dredgingcostshydrologicalinfrastructure;bycarryingoutresearchintooptimalsafetyandtheoperationalsafetyofexistingandnewbycooperatingindevelopingacarefullydesignedhydrologicalinfrastructure;: improvementoftheenvironment 5.tocooperatewiththedevelopmentandimplementationofavisiononbiodiversity,byinterveningattheplanningstageandmonitoringecologicalengineering.andasignificantincreaseofthe multifunctional waterways 6.tocontributetotheofthewatersystem.andanchoringinthezoningplans.Thisisdonebyexaminingspecificcharacteristics safeandoptimaluseofthewaterways asamethodoftransportfor maritimeshippingandinlandnavigation. Programme 64.5Marine affairs contextofthecontinuedreorganisationandmodernisationofnauticalservicesandtheBA12.22ExpenditurewithregardtostudiesandresearchfortheMarineAffairssectorinthe ChapterIII.5–175

• know-howthepermanentdevelopment,maintenance,expansionanddocumentationofthenecessaryandinfrastructure;

•

Thecontentisdeterminedbytherequirementsofthepolicymakers,orcontractsoutresearchandstudies(whollyorpartly).TheHydraulicLaboratoryandHydrologicalResearchDivisionauthoritiestheactivetransferoftheavailableexpertiseandknowledge-relatedproductstotheandindustry.thereforecarriesouttasksitself incasu

overbyasteeringgroupintheWaterwaysandMarineAffairsAdministration.Thereforeitisnecessarytomakeuseofexternalsupport,andtheprojectmanagementwillbetakenNotalltheexpertiserequiredtocarryouttheintendedprogrammeisavailable“inhouse”.nauticalserviceproviders.contextofimprovingcompetition);preparationandsupportforthedevelopmentofefficientpricecalculationfortheservicestobeprovided,basedoneconomicbookkeepingprinciples,(inthefordrawingupconventionsinconnectionwiththeabove;studiesandresearchtoestablishacostpreparationandsupportforinitiativesindecreesandregulationsrelatedtotheabove;legalsupportresearchtodrawupcommonFlemish/Dutchregulationsonjointnauticalmanagement;thecommonFlemish/Dutchregulationsrelatingtotheseparationofthepilotagedues;studiesandtheFlemishRegionwithregardtonauticalregulations;studiesandresearchtodrawuptheaspectswillhavetobeachieved,amongstothers:studiesandresearchrelatedtothecompetencesofintheFlemishseaports.Withthesupervisionandexpertiseofexternaldepartments,thefollowingcontextofthemodernisationandreorganisationoftheFlemishnauticalservicestoshippingtrafficimplementationoftheprogrammethatwasoutlined.ThisconcernsthevariousstagesintheTheneedforfundsisbasedontheneedforexternalsupport,whichaccompaniestheactualprojectsdevelopmentofthenauticalauthority,includingthepaymentsandoperatingcostsofthevarious

OA 69ServicesoftheSecretary-General Programme69.9Generalexpenditure necessaryused.Thisrequiresfinancial,fiscalandlegalresearch.Iftollsaretobeintroduced,itisalsoTofundtheseworks,alternativefundingmethods,public-privatepartnershipsandtollswillbefor.planningmustalsobeassessed.Inaddition,thenecessarypermitsandlicencesmustbeappliedstudiesareneeded,andtheimpactoftheworksontheenvironmentandontownandcountryresearchisneededbeforeastartcanbemadeonimplementingtheplan.Technicalconstructioncontainsthepriorityinfrastructureprojectswhichcouldprovideasolution.However,alotofAMasterplanwasdrawnuptosolvethemobilityproblemsintheAntwerpregion.Thiscompanymasterplan,includingallthecostsfortheestablishmentoftheMobileAntwerpmanagementBA12.29ExpenditurerelatedtopreparatoryprojectstudiesfortheconclusionoftheAntwerptoexaminewhattheeffectofthesecouldbeonthevolumeoftraffic. VIF Programme 369F1230 models).mobilitybehaviourandtrafficcongestion,thecontinueddevelopmentoftrafficandtransportinfluenceofe-activitiesonmobility,vehicletelematicsandbio-diesel,theimpactofGENonApproximately20%ofthetotalfundsof3,378,000EURwillbespentonscientificresearch(thewellastheexpenditureonsupervisionfordrawingupandexecutingindustrialtransportplansBA12.30Avarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotransportandmobility:studiesandpilotprojects,as ChapterIII.5–176

ChapterIII.5–177

ChapterIII.5–178

ChapterIII.5–179

ChapterIII.5–180

7.SCIENCE, INNOVATION AND MEDIA DEPARTMENT OA 72Media Administration Programme 72.3Media Policy and Media Innovation BA 12.01A variety of expenditure on the media and media innovation Funds of 0.385 million EUR were allocated to this in 2003. Half of this is for science policy. The strategic objectives are: • society.ForFlanderstorespondaseffectivelyaspossibletotheopportunitiesoftheinformation • possibleTogiveallthesectorsofFlemishsocietytheproperopportunitiesforaccesstothebestflowandprovisionofinformation,andalsotoparticipateinthis. • To create a harmonious and diverse Flemish media landscape. • In2003,MediaInnovationandtheInformationSocietywillberesponsibleforstartinganumFlemishTodeveloptheFlemishaudio-videosectormoreeffectively–interalia,topromotetheculturalidentityanditsinternationalimage.berofnewresearchprojectsinrelationtodecisionsbytheInformationSocietySteeringGroup.Inaddition,researchisalsoplannedfortheexaminationofnewtechnologies(TDABandDVB-Tstudies)andspecialattentionwillbedevotedtofrequencyresearch. Programme 72.2VRT funding envelope BA 41.02VRT Basic funding withIn2003,theVRTwillcontinuetocontributetothedisseminationofscientificinformationofenvironmentaltechnology,tosafeguardourenvironmentagainstpollutionanddegradation.theirdiscoveriesbenefiteveryone.Forexample,thiscouldconcernvitalinnovationsinthefieldfortheseefforts.Afterall,innovationinnotjustanexclusivematterforscientistsorindustry–assessmentoftheimportanceofresearcharealsoessentialasabasisforthebroadsocialsupportcomplexissuesbecomemoreaccessibletothegeneralpublic.Theevaluationandcorrectscientific,technical,industrialandsocialdevelopmentsonadailybasis.Inthiswaytheseacceptanceofnewideas.Atthesametime,theydisseminateworthwhileinformationonanimportantroleinthedisseminationofscientificandtechnologicalknowledgeandintheinformationandcommunication.Afterall,themedia,andinparticular,thepublicmedia,playwiththeFlemishCommunity),theVRTisdevotingagreatdealofattentiontosciencetheinformationtaskofthebroadcastingcompany(cf.theManagementagreement2002-2006ThebasicsubsidyfortheVRTfor2003amountsto231.710millionEUR.Inthecontextofenvelopeitsradioandtelevisionprogrammes. VRT-radio ences.interpretedverybroadly,andthatthehumansciencesaretackledmoreoftenthanthepurescitranslatedinapracticalwayintodailyreality.Thisalsomeansthattheconceptitselfcanbeusespecificquestionsorissuesraisedbythepublicasastartingpoint.Inasense,scienceisrarelytacklesthesciencesasaphenomenoninitsownright,butradioproducers Radio1 programmes.Onaverage,threecontributionsaremadeeveryweekininparticulardevotesagreatdealofattentiontothisinitsdailyinformation Voordedag and De Wandelgangen. location.ThesciencesarealsocoveredinculturalprogrammessuchasInmanycases,professorsorexpertsareinterviewedinthestudioitself,oron Heldenmoed,forexam ChapterIII.5–181

ple,inbookreviews.Everyworkingday, JongensenWetenschap relevantsenseofenquiryoftheaveragepersoninFlanders,andatthesametimeexpertsprovidemanyappealstothecuriosityandanswers. Radio2 regularlydevotesattentiontoscienceandscientistsinprogrammessuchas Huisraad and Ochtendkuren. all,practicalapplications,ordealswiththepersonbehindthescientist.Thispractical,andaboveRadio2hasabroaderperspectiveandisoftenconcernedwithextremelypersonalapproachplaysanimportantroleintheimageofscienceandscientists. Klara devotestimetothesciencesinthedailyculturalseries, Fresco,andinthedetailedguest interview in Alinea.Rondas also explores these Scientificitemswhichcorrespondtothegeneralrangeofsubjects.StudioBrussel areregularlycovered in the series, Republica, or in tips in daily Thesciencesandrelatedsubjectsaredealtwithbytheprogrammes.televisionnetworks accessiblecastingcompaniesinarangeofdifferentways.Thestartingpointisalwaystomakethesubjectofthepublicbroadtoabroadandinterestedgeneralpublic. TV1 andseries),andinnaturedocumentaries.Oneexampleofthisisfocusesonscienceincurrentaffairsprogrammes,in“combined”programmes(talkshows Halfuurnatuur.Dierenin nesten 2002,TV1alsostartedanactual“scienceshow”onprimetimeSundayeveningTV.Inisalight-heartedprogrammeonanimalsandveterinarymedicine.Intheautumnof Hoe Zo! reports.expertway.Theseexplanationsareaccompaniedbyexperimentsinthestudioandspectaculartionsbyletterore-mail.Apanelofthreescientiststhenexplainstheanswersinaconcisebuttions.Thetopicsaretakenfromthelivesofthegueststhemselves.Viewerscansendtheirques-BartPeetersbombardsapairofwell-knownFlemishpersonalitieswithtenscientificquesCanvas attractiveformat,withtheemphasisonacompletestorystructure.Forexample,sufficientlylargegroupofinterestedviewers.Adeliberateattemptismadetoachieveanewandbroadcastsscientificprogrammeswhicharemoreindepth,butarestillabletoattracta OverLeven madetorespondtotopicalissues.ApartfromOverLeven,ThesubjectsarerelatedtotheworkofBelgianscientistsasoftenaspossible.Anattemptisalsoled:frommedicineandbiologytoarchaeologyandpalaeontology,astronomyandtechnology.ingafascinatingstorytoreducetheviewingthresholds.Allthebranchesofsciencecanbetackhasabandonedtheencyclopaedic,academicapproach.Instead,theprogrammeisbasedontell HetDerdeOog seriesinthisprogramme,includingbothscientifically-basedhistoricalseries(programmewhichwillbeshownagainin2003.In2002,Canvasputonanumberofcelebratedisaregular SonofGod,Met vollezeilen,InhetspoorvandeConquistadores,Debarbarenkomen), aswellashighqualitynatural scienceseries(Space,Mensindemaak,Hetmenselijkinstinct). Inaddition,otherdocumentary programmes,suchas DeMensentuin,RareStreken, and Zwerfroute atthebeginningof2002,explorationquality,foreigndocumentariesonthemostdiversesubjects:researchintonaturalhistory,theshowedmorehighofnature,anthropology,voyagesofdiscoveryetc.Forexample, RareStreken showedtheprestigiousBBCseries, TheBluePlanet series,broadrangingdocumentaryseriesontheoceans,aswellastheuniqueNationalGeographic,a Africa. Humansciences,suchassociology,psychologyand(art)historyareregularlydealtwithin Kwesties,Histories and Spraakmakers. Inaddition,Canvasbroadcaststheweeklyeconomic series, Hetvermogen, which thoroughly and scientifically tackles socio-economic themes. Newsandcurrentaffairsprogrammes,suchas Panorama and TerZake, regularlydevote attention to scientific subjects of particular topical relevance. ChapterIII.5–182

• theMPEGResearchprogramme(incooperationwiththeVUBandtheIMEC) production,storageanddistribution,resultinginthedisappearanceoftheboundariesinformationtechnology.Thistechnicalinnovationmeansthattherearenewpossibilitiesforcoordinationofthreeindustries:themediathemselves,telecommunicationsandHowever,todaymediacompaniesareundergoingafundamentalchangeasaresultofthepapersthedistributionchannelwithwhichtheyreachedtheirtargetgroup:television,radio,newsInthepast,theproductionactivitiesofthetraditionalmediacompaniesweregovernedbyandmagazines,etc.

On Ketnet, theaward-winning,highlypraised GrootLicht youngestviewersthereistificinformationforchildren,andonthewhysandwhereforesofeverythingaroundus.Forthefocusesonabroadrangeofscien Curieuzeneuze, programmeducedincooperationwiththeFlemishCommunityandTechnopolis.Theinformationaseriesofshort“howandwhy”programmes,pro Karrewiet theendof2002,KetnetevenadaptedtheprestigiousZDFseries,alwaysfocusesontopicalissuesrelatedtoscienceandtechnology.At DeBarbarenkomen, on migration and the creation of Europe, as a programme for TheKetnetwebsitealsodevotesattentiontoscience.Therehaveevenbeenspecialchildren chatsessions scienceweekinTechnopolis.Atthewinterevent,withFrankDeWinne.In2002,IlseVanHoecke,aKetnetwrapper,wasthepresenterofthe KetnetFreezzz, Asafastnewsmedium,selves.wasreservedforTechnopolis,wherechildrencouldcarryoutanumberofexperimentstheminHasselt,awholesection VRT-teletekst anddevelopmentsinthisfield.TheseTTreportscanalsobeconsultedontheInternet,ontheTV1ence”.Fromp.180(uptoamaximumof5pages),theeditorsdevoteattentiontocurrenthasapermanentcolumnon“environmentandsciCanvaswebsites. Technology & Innovation: “e-VRT” 2002-2006Atthemoment,threelargeprojectshavebeenapproved,andthesehavebeenincludedinthethevisedandimplemented,relatingtoenrichedandinteractivemediawhichcanbepresentedtonecessarilyonlybenefittheVRT.Undertheheadingofe-VRT,projectsaredefined,super-roleasanengineofinnovationinFlanders,inwhichtheknow-howthatisacquireddoesnotFlanders.Theseshouldmakeitpossibleforthepublicbroadcastingcompanytoplayavaluablesupervision,promotion,disseminationandmonitoringofmediaactivitieswhicharenewforE-VRTistheresearchanddevelopmentforumoftheVRT,whichfocusesontheorganisation,lowactionplan”(Economics),theVRTwasassignedapioneeringroleinestablishinganextremelytionhighway.Inadditiontothe“LifelongLearning”project(Education)andthe“DigitalOneofthegovernment’sspecialtargetsistohelpallthepeopleinFlandersontotheinforma-thresholdtothenewmedia.publicbymeansofarangeofenduserequipment.managementagreementwiththeGovernmentofFlanders:•UnderthenameIO, the“DigitalHomePlatform”trialproject

ChapterIII.5–183

andperformingtransactions,etc.);inturn,Belgacom/Skynetprovideinternetaccess,mail,chatinterruptions,byaskingforbackgroundinformation,participatingonlineingames,radioandtelevision.However,itisinteractive:theusercanmonitortheprogramming(withcontentisdistributedbyDVB-Ttechnologyandisofthesamequalityasthatcurrentlyoncontent,interactivegames,chat,e-mail,e-banking,e-governmentetc.TheaudiovisualcanmakeuseofnewinteractiveapplicationsandprogrammingformssuchasenrichedtheVRTtransmitterinSchoten,.Withtheirtelevisionsetandasettopbox,thesefamiliesforinteractivemediaintothelivingroomsofahundredFlemishfamiliesinthevicinityofbringsatestapplicationSMS(allviathetelevisionset)withanADSLconnection.

certainlySystem.Theresearchisdividedintofiveworkingareasandwilltechniques,withaviewtothecreationofaContentManagementdevelopmentofaFlemishcompetitioncentreofMPEGmeetalltherequirements.Thisresearchprojectfocusesonthecollected,andastandardsetoftechniqueswasdefinedwhichcanstandards.TherequirementsofalltheseindustrieswerecouldbeinfluencedbythisinthedevelopmentoftheseStandardsOrganisation(ISO)hasinvolvedallthesectorswhich(metadata).TheMPEGworkinggroupoftheInternationalthecontentoftheproductandthedescriptionoftheproductachievethis,thereisaneedforstandardswhichdeterminebothbetweenthedifferentdistributionandreceivingmodalities.TorunuptoOctober2003. • ThecreationofmediaASP get).amountsto7.982millionEURfor2003(theIWTFlandersbudThegovernmentfundingforInnovativeProjectsrelatedtoe-VRTtheFlemishaudiovisualsector.tionofaSoftwareServicePlatformbasedontheASPmodelforthisprojectshouldresultinthedevelopmentandimplementa-thismodel,suchasonlinefilmediting,subtitling,etc.Thereforepayments.TheVRTwilloffermedia-specificapplicationswithstandardisedserviceforasectorofindustry,inreturnforregularopmentofsector-specificsoftware)toprovideamoreorlessinfrastructureandthesoftwareapplications(aswellasthedevel-ASPisresponsibleforthepurchaseandmaintenanceofthethroughanetworkonthebasisofaregistrationcontract.Theane-mailapplication)usedatadistancebyclientcompaniesware(suchasabookkeepingpackage,asubtitlingapplication,Provider(ASP).Thisisthedeliveryofservicesbasedonsoft-thisactuallyinvolvestheestablishmentofanApplicationServicetechnicallyviableforindividualproductionhouses.Thereforethisnewplatform,ofwhichthedevelopmentisnotfinanciallyorexpandedtoproductionhousessothattheycanalsoprofitfromwasestablishedintheVRT.Thisplatformcaneventuallybeimproveit,anERP(EnterpriseResourcePlanning)platformInordertoincreasetheefficiencyoftheVRT’sproductionand ChapterIII.5–184

8.INTER-DEPARTMENTAL OA 99Board Secretaries-Generalof fundsProgramme99.1Interdepartmental disabled,possibleproblemstheypresenttotheculturalfairnessforimmigrants,thescreeningrecruitmenttestsintermsoftheEmancipationAffairsDivisionisalsodisabled.IncooperationwithVESOC,withregardtoeaseofaccessforthebuildingsoftheGovernmentofFlandersDivisionisexamininganumberofIn2003,theEmancipationAffairsmeetingsaimedatclearlyoutliningthecultureofthis,astudywasstartedatendof2002,theMinistryofFlanders.Onthebasisofappointmentofwomenintoppositionsof2002,itcarriedoutastudyofthepreparationofpolicy.InthespringofpartofitsbudgetforresearchinTheEmancipationAffairsDivisionusesEmancipationBA12.40ExpenditureinthecontextofAffairsatmanagementlevel.andforgenderneutrality. ChapterIII.5–185

Chapter III.6 policyThe“actualsciencepolicy”:newpolicyfundsandnewemphases–Evolutionofthefundssince1995 ChapterIII.6 New policy funds and new policy areFinanceandBudget,Innovation,MediaandTownandCountryPlanningemphasisethattheyBygroupingtheseOAstogether,theministerscompetentforEducationandTrainingandfor2002.theSpecialResearchFund,wastransferredfromProgramme71.2toProgramme33.2inunderProgramme33.2.Inaddition,anotherpillarofsupportforfundingbasicresearch,viz.,andtechnologicalresearch.Thesupplementaryoperatingfundsfortheuniversitiesalsofallessentialfactorintheacquisitionofknowledge,andprovidethebasisfortherestofscientificuniversitiesaremeantforbasicresearch.Thereforetheyconstituteanextremelyimportantthefundsforuniversityeducationtogether.Afterall,25%oftheoperationalsubsidiesofthe“actualsciencepolicy”.ItisveryimportanttolookattheR&DfundsofthesciencepolicyandFrom2002,theprogrammesofOA71,aswellasthefundsofOA33,wereincludedinthe**Financing*FlemishTotal63,735,000FFEU**25,000,000Centres25%TransferIncrease“actualscienceAsummaryfollowsbelowofthenetincreaseinR&Dfunds(withoutindexation)fortheofmillionEUR.TheproportionofthisthatisstrictlyconsideredasR&D,accordingtotherulesInthe2003budgettheinitialfundsforthe“actualsciencepolicy”increasedoverallby106.44emphasestheOECD,amountstoapproximately82.3millionEUR.policy”(inEUR):inOA71816,000toBOF1,531,000universityoperatingsubsidies6,388,000ofexcellence*30,000,000HouseforLogistics,FlandersMechanotronicsandtheGeo-InformationIncubationCentre.fundforone-offinvestmentexpenditure.implementinganintegratedpolicybasedonthefollowingconsiderations:•researchinindustrywhichleadstotechnologicalinnovationsisnotpossiblewithoutelementarybasicscientificknowledge;•highlyefficientbasicresearchcanflourishonlyinapositiveenvironment;•itistheoperationalsubsidiesoftheuniversitieswhichdeterminethispositiveenvironmenttoalargeextent. ChapterIII.6–186

budgetInformationGuide,andforfurtherexplanationstherearetheexplanatorytextsoftherelevantthe“actualsciencepolicy”aregivenbelow.Forchangesin2002,referenceismadetothe2002ThemostimportantchangeswithregardtothevolumeofthefundsandrelatedpolicylinesfortivestionoftheFFEUintendedforsciencepolicy.Thesefundsserveforone-offadditionalinitiacalinnovationpolicyandtheeconomicpolicy.Thereisafurther25millionEUR–theproporarethefundsfortheFlemishCentresofExcellenceasameetingpointbetweenthetechnologiFundforsubsidiaryeconomicpolicy)arealsoincorporatedinthe“actualsciencepolicy”.TheseFor2003,thefundsforsciencepolicycontainedinBA99.11ofProgramme51.2(viz.,theduringthecourseoftheyear.programmesinPartIII. OA 71Science and Innovation Administration Programme 71.1General science policy TheapproximatelyScienceInformationandInnovation(total5.054millionEUR),withanincreaseofslightdecreaseof0.675millionEUR.ThemostimportantbudgetsarefortheActionPlanforTheinitialfundsfor2003forthebudgetprogramme71.1amountto14.087millionEUR,a0.7million.fundsfortheotherbasicallocationsremainedvirtuallythesame. Programme 71.2Scientific research on the initiative of the researcher researchandVitoweretransferredin2003totheuniversities,institutesofhighereducationandfilesandotherelectronicequipmenttodeveloplibrariesatinstitutesofhighereducation,IMEC(withtherelatedrightsandobligations)forthepurchaseofprimaryandsecondaryelectronicUNU,andtheInteruniversityCollegeforManagementSciencesremainunchanged.Thefunds12.24:–1.8millionEUR).ThesubsidiesfortheBorn-BungeFoundationinAntwerp,thefundsfortheuniversities.Thebudgetforinternationalscientificcooperationfellfurther(BA33.2ofOA33(EducationDepartment)in2002,liketheBAwiththeadditionaloperatingBOF(SpecialResearchFundattheUniversities)hadalreadybeentransferredtoprogrammemandatesandprojects(indexation+1.43%,inaccordancewiththeUniversityDecree).The83.582millionEUR(anincreaseof1.55millionEUR)forfundingbasicresearchwithfallof2.4millionEUR.ThemostimportantiteminthebudgetisfortheFWOFlanders,withTheinitialfundsfor2003forthebudgetprogramme71.2amountto86.344millionEUR,ainstitutes,inaccordancewithadecisionoftheGovernmentofFlanders. Programme 71.3Scientific research with an economic focus arethereforeallocatedtoprojectsontheinitiativeofthecompaniesthemselves.Inaddition,industryandinnovativecooperativeventures(88.873million).TwothirdsofthetotalfundsandtheauthorisationfortheallocationtoIWT-FlandersforprojectsontheinitiativeoffortechnologicalinnovationontheinitiativeoftheGovernmentofFlanders(25.058million)Thetwolargeitemsonthebudgetare:theauthorisationfortheallocationinsupportofactionssame.industry.Thesubsidy(1.326million)fortheuniversityinterfaceservicesremainsvirtuallytheThisincludesthebasicallocationsfocusingspecificallyonstrengtheninginnovationinTheinitialfundsfor2003forthebudgetprogramme71.3amountto133.895millionEUR. ChapterIII.6–187

same.millionEURremainedconstant).ThesubsidiesforKMDAandVLIZremainedvirtuallythemillionEUR)andtheco-fundingfortheR&DStatisticssupportcentre(thefundsof0.372supportcentresforresearchthatisrelevantforpolicy(8.629millionEUR,anincreaseof1.01PWOoveraperiodoftwoyears.Inaddition,thisprogrammeincludesthefundsforthe(Project-basedscientificresearch).ThefundsoftheHOBUFundarebeingredirectedtothisEURremainedforBA41.04,3.0millionEURwastransferredtothenewBA33.05forPWOThefundsforBA41.04(in2002,thiswas5.949millionEUR)weredivided:2.949millionEURmillion),isanotherconsiderableitem.ThereisalsothenewBA12.29,with0.048millionsidyfortheIWT-Flandersforspecialisationgrants(18.470millionEUR,anincreaseof1.178researchinstitutes,IMEC,VitoandVIB,togetheraccountfor94.327millionEUR.Thesubincreasedby2.617millionEUR,thetotalgranttoVitoby1.537millionEUR.Thethreein2002to34.380millionEURin2003,anincreaseof5.3million).ThesubsidyforVIBwiththeLambermontAgreement);theincreaseofthesubsidyforIMEC(from29.067milliontechnicalresearchwithanagriculturalfocus(transferredfromthefederalbudgetinaccordanceTheincreasecanbeattributedto:10.540millionEURforthenewBA31.61forscientificandsocialtosupporthighqualityscientific,technologicalgenericbasicresearchwithanindustrialorfocusneitheronbasicresearchnoronpurelyindustrially-orientedresearch.Thesefundsservesignificantincreaseof22.264million.ThisbringstogetheranumberofbasicallocationswhichTheinitialfundsfor2003forthebudgetprogramme71.4amountto156.577millionEUR,afocus.forpolicy-orientedresearch.

AdministrationOA33HigherEducationandScientificResearch Programme 33.1Education at Institutes of Higher Education TheoftheDecreeontherestructuringofhighereducationinFlanders.50%ofthisisforresearch.ThenewBA40.11providesextrafunds(5.071millionEUR),inaccordancewithArticle6§5extrafundsareallocatedupto2006. Programme 33.2University Education slightadditionaloperatingfunds–BAMA–shouldalsobeincluded(7.220million).Therearealsoanoverallincreaseintheuniversityoperationalsubsidiesof26.356millionEUR.Theindexation(netincreaseof1.531million,becauseofthetransferofOA71).In2003,thereisinitialfunds,andby2.839millionEUR,comparedtotheadjustedfundsin2002,includingThebudgetsfortheBOF(93.130millionEUR)increaseby3.216million,comparedtotheincreasesforIOB,IES,ITG,VlerickandtheFacultyofProtestantTheology. ChapterIII.6–188

IWT-Flandersthereisanewbasicallocation99.13,withauthorisedallocationsof7.982millionEURforforinnovativemediaprojects. Programme 71.4Strategic and policy-oriented research

Programme 33.3Coordination of Higher Education

adjusted budgetinitial budget ChapterIII.6–189

R&Duedin2003.Thereisanoverallincreaseof106.44millionEUR,ofwhich82.3millionareagriculturalresearch,andaone-offinjectionof37.18millionforIMEC.Thisincreasecontinwithanincreaseof56.36millionEURinthebudgetcontrol.Ofthis,9.27millionwasaimedat50millionEURin2002(abovetheconstantpolicyandindexation)andwassupplementedFrom2001,thesciencebudgetcontinuedtoincrease,withanothernetcumulativeincreaseofdiscoverwhereithadtobeadjustedandwherepolicyinstrumentsmighthavetobeimproved.forawhilein2000becausethenewgovernmenttookitstimetoexaminethisdevelopmentandforOA71increasedeveryyearbyapproximately50millionEURnet.ThisincreasestagnatedDuringthelastlegislativeperiod,therewasanincreaseinthesciencebudget,sothatthefundsEvolutionhigherThisincludesonlyoneBAforsciencepolicy,forthefundingofcooperativeprojectsforopeneducation.ofthefundsfortheperiod1995-2003funds(inacomparisonwithinitialfunds).

Figure.Evolutionofthefundsforthe“actualsciencepolicy”–theinitialanddefinitiveadjustedbud-get–withthedeductionofthePC/KDfundsfortheentireperiod(inmillionEUR).

Table.FundsfortheScienceandTechnologicalInnovationPolicyallocatedtoProgrammes71and33oftheinitialanddefinitiveadjustedbudgetfor2002andthebudgetfor2003(inmillionEUR) WB 2002 i2002 a2003 iIncrease iIncrease a 71.1 13.41214.59214.0870.675-0.505 71.2 88.70089.14786.344-2.356-2.803 71.3 140.244130.136133.895-6.3493.759 71.4 134.313141.829156.57722.29114.748 Total 71 376.669375.704390.90314.23415.199 Hermes Fund 30.00030.00030.000 FFEU 25.00025.00025.000 (IMEC) 37.184-37.184 (Agricult. research) 9.265-9.265 33.1 5.6205.6205.620 33.2 684.128695.000715.71531.58720.715 33.3 0.6320.6320.6320.0000.000 Total 33 684.760695.632721.96737.20726.335 TOTAL 1,061.4291,117.7851,167.870106.44150.085 R&D 2002 i2002 a2003 iIncrease iIncrease a 71.1 2.6172.6172.6200.0030.003 71.2 86.61787.06486.344-0.273-0.720 71.3 129.450120.228121.913-7.5371.685 71.4 134.313141.829156.57722.29114.748 Total 71 352.997351.738367.45414.48415.716 Hermes Fund 30.00030.00030.000 FFEU 25.00025.00025.000 (IMEC) 37.184-37.184 (Agricult. research) 9.265-9.265 33.1 2.5362.5362.536 33.2 238.595241.708248.86210.2677.154 33.3 0.0000.0000.0000.0000.000 Total 33 238.595241.708251.39812.8039.690 TOTAL 591.592639.895673.85282.28733.957 ChapterIII.6–190

Chapter III.7 Analysis of the Horizontal Budget Programmes for Science Policy 1993-2003 ChapterIII.7 lutionsGuide,whichdealtindetailwiththeperiod1996-2000.WefocusinparticularonthenewevoForadiscussionoftheevolutionofthefunds,referenceisalsomadetothe2000InformationTheSTS:STET:R&D:AremainsThechangeinthebasicallocationsisnotshownhereeither,insofarasthefocusofthefundsnotexplicitlyrevealthebasicallocations,asthesewerealreadydiscussedindetailelsewhere.Themainoverallitemsofexpenditureareindicatedforeachofthesixclassifications.Thisdoes6.A5.Sectoral4.Scientific3.Funding2.Operation1.Non-orientedsection,ThissummaryoftheHorizontalBudgetProgrammeforSciencePolicyprovidesacrossinaccordancewithsixlargeclassifications:researchattheuniversitiesofuniversitiesandsimilarinstitutesresearchanddevelopmentofnewtechnologiesforindustryinstitutes,departmentaldivisionsandFlemishPublicInstitutionsinitiativesandresearchandstudiesinsupportofpolicyvarietyofexpenditurerelatedtotheoverallsciencepolicythesame.summaryofthefundsisalsoprovidedinrelationtotheiruseineachchapter:ResearchanddevelopmentEducationandtrainingScientificandtechnologicalservicesfundsareshowninmillionsofeuro(inmillionEUR).fortheperiod2000/2003. 1.Non-specific research at the universities withFlanders’mandatesandprojectsaredividedindirectlybytheseintermediariesinaccordanceresearchpolicy.ThebudgetsfortheIWTFlanders’specialisationsubsidiesandfortheFWOtotheuniversitiesandaredistributedbytheresearchcouncilinaccordancewiththeuniversityoperationalsubsidies(seepoint2).ThefundsoftheSpecialResearchFund(BOF)godirectlyfundsfortheso-calledsecondfundingfortheuniversities–thefirstfundingconsistsoftheirties;inotherwords,researchcarriedoutontheresearcher’sownfreeinitiative.ThesearetheTable1showsthefundsintendedforgroundbreaking,non-orientedresearchattheuniversisetqualitycriteria,andanevaluationbasedona peerreview. ChapterIII.7–191

between48%,theFWOFlandersfor43%,andtheIWTfor9%.Since2001,therehasbeenabalanceThedistributionofthefundsfornon-orientedresearchwilltakeplacein2003viatheBOFforconcernsTheIWTspecialisationgrantsarealsoincludedinthetablefornon-orientedresearch.This6.92millionEURofthepermanentmandatestotheBOF.Infact,therewasanincreaseinfundsofapparentdeclineinFWOfundsin2001by10.08millionEURisduetothetransferofthe17from2001,thetwofundingchannelswereatthesame(high)level.ItshouldbenotedthattheFWOwerealmostthreetimesashighasthoseoftheBOF;in1999,theyweredouble,andEUR.TheratiobetweentheFWOandBOFchangedgradually.In1995,thefundsforthetheperiod2001-2003,theBOFincreasedbyafurther10millionEUR,theFWOby3milliontheemphasesinpolicy,buttheFWOalsoincreasedstronglybetween1996and2000.Duringsteady,strongincreaseintheBOF–asaresultofthereorganisationoffundsasaresponsetoincreasedfurtherduringtheperiod1999-2003,by38millionEUR.ThefigureshowstheThesefundsincreasedsubstantiallyintheperiod1996-1999by68millionEUR,butalsomillionEURfortheFWOfornewmandatesandprojects.doctorategrants.theBOFandtheFWOFlanderswiththefundsdividedequallybetweenthetwo.

ChapterIII.7–192

ChapterIII.7–193

2.Operation of universities and similar institutes explanationcallyforresearch.The1997InformationGuide(PartIV,p.116etseq.)givesamoredetailedfragmentedoverabroadrangeofexpenditure,whilethesecondfundingcouldbeusedspecifiEUR,thesecondfundingby66.93millionEUR.Furthermore,theoperationalsubsidieswereondfunding.Duringtheperiod1996-1999,theoverallfundincreasedonlyby54.54milliontheuniversities.Infact,inthepasttheydidnotkeepupwiththeincreaseinfundingviathesecItwasnecessarytointroduceamanoeuvretosignificantlyincreasetheoperationalsubsidiesforDevelopmentinaccordancewiththetraditionalmethodofdistribution,viz.,25%forResearchandadditionaloperatingfundsfortheintroductionoftheBAMADecree.Thesefundsaredividedbudget),or547.558millionofordinaryoperationalsubsidiessubsidiesand7.220millionofsignificantproportion.In2003,thisis554.778millionEUR(42%ofthetotalscienceOfthetotalfundsforsciencepolicy,theoperationalsubsidiesfortheuniversitiesaccountforaacademicTheuniversitiesreceivetheseoperatingsubsidiesfortheirthreemostcommonactivities:Table2.1providesasummaryoftheuniversityoperationalsubsidiesfortheyears1993-2003.education,scientificresearchandscientificservices.(R&D)and75%forEducationandTraining(STET).ofthis. ChapterIII.7–194

andsupportofpolicy”.ThesefundswereentirelyallocatedtoSTET.ThefundsforIOB,IES,VSMtionDepartment–seeTable5below,“SectoralinitiativesandsectoralresearchandstudiesinSince1997,thebudgetsfor“OpenHigherEducation”havebeenincludedundertheEducafundsfortheInteruniversityCollegeforManagementSciencesareallocatedentirelytoR&D.tribution,75%STETand25%R&Disalsoretainedforalmostallofthesefunds.OnlytheTable2.3providesasummaryofthesubsidiesfor“equivalent”institutions.Themethodofdisstrongtheuniversitieswerestructurallyincreasedby5.2millionEUR.In2002,therewasafurthertheuniversitieswereregroupedinasinglebasicallocation.From2000,theinvestmentfundsofR&D),analogoustothesituationabroad.From1997,thefundsforthesocialprovisionsforallasoperatingsubsidiesaswell,usingthesamemethodofdistribution(75%STETand25%Table2.2summarisesthe“Othersubsidiesfortheuniversities”.Itwasdecidedtoincludethesedecreeontherestructuringofhighereducation(BAMAstructure)isalsoincludedinTable2.1.Thefundswhichareprovidedforinstitutesofhighereducationfrom2003,inthecontextofthemillion2003,theincreaseis26.356millionEUR(includingindexation),supplementedwith7.220EUR(includingindexation),supplementedby8.198millionEURofadditionalfunds.InThiswascontinuedin2002withafurtherincreaseintheoperationalsubsidiesof14.53millionmanoeuvrewasintroducedinthe2001budgetwithanadditionalsumof9.494millionEUR.period1999-2003,theoperationalsubsidiesincreasedby65.682millionEUR.Thisoftheweightednumberofstudents,andthesubsidywillbeprogressivelyincreased.Duringtheing.Fortheperiod2001-2004,theoperationalsubsidiesarenolongercalculatedonthebasisproject-basedfundingofuniversityresearch.Itwasthereforedecidedtoreviseuniversityfundationalsubsidiesduringitsperiodofgovernment,inordertorectifytheratioofstructuraltoTheGovernmentofFlandersthereforeadoptedtheobjectivetosignificantlyincreasetheoperEURofadditionalfundsfortheintroductionoftheBAMAstructure.increaseintheemployers’contributionsof2.7millionEUR.ITGalsoincreasedin2003. ChapterIII.7–195

ChapterIII.7–196

ChapterIII.7–197

• the funds for agricultural research (from 2003 – defederalisation of Agriculture);

• fortoenvironmentally-friendlytechnologies,inparticular,forSMEs)wasincludedinthegrantVIB.From1999,Vito–Prodem(co-fundingofanEFRO-IIdemonstrationprojectrelatedthefundsforthefundingofthethreemainFlemishresearchinstitutes,IMEC,VitoandtheVito;

• the funds for STV, to support research into the social aspects of new technologies;

• vation:thethreebudgetitemsasinstrumentsforfundingindustrialresearchandtechnologicalinno-–theauthorisationoftheIWTFlandersallocationtosupportactionsrelatedtotechnologi-calinnovationontheinitiativeoftheGovernmentofFlanders(formerFIOV);–theauthorisationoftheIWTFlandersallocationforprojectsontheinitiativeofindustryandinnovativecooperativeventures.Intheperiod1993-1996theactualpolicyareawasincreasedwiththetransferofthebalancesfrompreviousyears.Thesebalancesarenotincludedintable3;theauthorisationoftheIWTFlandersallocationforthefundingofinnovativemediaprojects–dividedinseparateauthorisationsfrom2003;

• PWOthePWO(Project-basedScientificResearch):thefundsoftheHOBUareredirectedtotheoveraperiodoftwoyears;

• ofscienceinformationfrom1999,andclassifiedunderthegeneralsciencepolicy(point6);Technopolis:integratedintheFTIfunds(FlandersTechnologyInternational)inthecontext

• thetheHOBUresearchfund,withtheaimofalsosupportingresearchfocusedonindustryatindustrialinstitutesofhighereducation,managedbytheIWT;

3.Funding research and development of new technologies for industry Table 3 provides a summary of the most important funds for specific industrial research. These are summarised as follows:

• andTheoperatingfundsrelatebothtotheinternalmanagementcostsandtoexternalservicestable.Thesefundsincreasedgraduallyandwereallocatedin1999toasinglebasicallocation.theIWToperatingfunds(grantandpaymentsforservicesrendered)arealsoincludedinthesupervision,aswellasexpenditureforcommissionsforstudiesandexpertise;

• with“Strategictechnologiesforwelfareandwell-being(STWW)”;thisisstrategicbasicresearchPre-valorisationresearch,“GenericBasicResearchattheUniversities”(GBOU)”,formerlyapossiblesocialoreconomicfocus;

• thereforeareintendedforthevalorisationoftheuniversityresearchresults,andfrom2001theyweretheinterfaceservicesoftheuniversities.Thesefundsareincludedinthistablebecausetheyincludedinbudgetprogramme71.3;

• IncubationtheFlemishCentresofExcellence:theFlemishHouseofLogistics,theGeo-InformationCentreandtheMechatronicsInformationCentre.

• astheFlandersBiotechFundwasnotextendedafter1999,andisthereforenolongerincludedapolicyfundinthesciencepolicybudget;

ChapterIII.7–198

• 2003theFFEUSciencePolicy:25millionEURisprovidedfornewinitiatives–inthecourseof–inthecontextoftheinnovationpolicy;

2001.reduced,becausethePRESTIprogrammecouldnolongerbeconsideredassciencepolicyinthedisappearanceoftheVLINAresearchprogramme.ThefundsforOVAMwerealsofellbacktothelevelof1999,particularlybecauseofthefallinthebudgetforMINA2.28andAQUAFINandMINA2.28,whichreplacedMINA2.19.In2001,thetotalfundsfortable4In2000,therewasanincreaseinthefundsfortheInstituteoftheArchaeologicalHeritage,inableabouttheuseofthesefundsfromthattime.ThisconcernsthebudgetswhichareavailabletheMINAfundwerealsoincludedintheanalysistable,becauseinformationonlybecameavailThesignificantincreaseinthefundsfrom1996canbeattributedtothefactthatthefundsofservicestaldivisions,orFlemishPublicInstitutionswhichalsoconductresearchandprovidescientificTable4showsthefundswhicharedistributedoverthescientificinstitutes,certaindepartmenaspartoftheirtask.theMINAfundforsciencepolicy,forVMM,OVAM,AQUAFIN,VLMandVLINA.

ChapterIII.7–199

4.Scientific institutes, departmental divisions and Flemish Public Institutions

1.169millionintheallocationsauthorisedfortheIWT(thoughtheIWToperationdidincreaseby10.5millionforagriculturalresearch,whichisalsoincludedfor2003,butadeclineof7.573itemswithincreasesparticularlyfortheIMEC,VitoandVIB(jointlyanadditional9.467),ofwhich55millionisfornewinitiativesand13.685millionisspreadoveranumberofotherGBOUallocations(+6.7million).In2003,thereisastrongincreaseof68.685millionEUR,mainlyfortwoitems,theauthorisationoftheIWTallocations(total+12.3million)andanoverall11.92millionEUR.In2002,therewasastrongincreaseof23.1millionEUR,therewasaslightdecline–forSTWWandIWT/FIOV.In2001,theincreasecontinuedwithauthorisationsfortheIWTandFIOV,VIB,IWT-HOBUandSTWWallocations.In2000,Therewasaconstantincreaseinthefundsintheperiod1996-1999,mainlyinthemillion).

ChapterIII.7–200

EURfromanalysesinthecontextofBetterAdministrativePolicy).Thisamountsto6.278millionmillionEUR)ofthepermanentstaffintheIN,IBWandIAP,forthefirsttimethisyear(e.g.,butionforscientificinstitutes.Inaddition,informationwasprovidedonthesalarycosts(2.43(includingsalarycosts).Thedistributionisagain55%R&D/45%STS–thetraditionaldistritheCLEandCLO–fromthefederalbudget.Thisamountsintotalto16.056millionEURthis.First,therewasthetransferofthefundsforthetwoscientificinstitutesforagriculture–In2003,therewasasignificantincreaseof25.772millionEUR.Twoelementscontributedto(smaller)theMINA2.28creditlineby5.1millionEUR,whichcouldnotbecompensatedbytheIn2002,thefundsdeclinedfurtherby0.9millionEUR.Thisisbecauseofthestrongdeclineofincreasesintheothercreditlines.forthefivescientificinstitutestogether.

mentalfortheexecutionoftheEnvironmentalPolicyPlanandthe2003annualAMINALEnviron4arrangesinorderthefundsforVMM,OVAM,AQUAFIN,VLMandtheMINAcreditlineclearlywhatthefundsareintendedfor–thisincreasestransparency.Asinpreviousyears,tablesame,butbecauseofthedistinctionsthataremade,thetitlesofthecreditlinesindicatemorenewMINAcreditlines.ThedestinationofthefundsandtherecipientsgenerallyremaintheTheMINAFundwasthoroughlyrestructured,asreflectedintheallocationofthefundstotheProgramme. 5.Sectoral initiatives and research and studies in support of policy 61.112.29(+5.951millionEUR);thereisalsothenewinitiativeofEnvironmentandHealth(BAlion),63.243.10(mobility,+0.509million),MINA2.5(+3.076millionEUR)and69.9millionEUR.ThereisanincreaseinthebudgetforBAs62.412.05(housing,+1.049mil-decline(of5.92millionEUR)in2001,butincreasedonceagainin2002witharounded11.4budgetsforAQUAFINandMINA2.28inthesameyear.TheLINfundsrevealastrongIn2000,therewasanincreaseof10.04millionEURfortheLIN,togetherwiththeincreaseduniversitiesweretransferredtotheBOF,andthoseofBA40.11wereaddedtotheoperatingfundsforthebecausethesebudgetshavenotbeenlost:afterall,thefundsofBA40.01ofprogramme33.3millionEUR).In2002,thesectoralfundsdeclinedslightly.Initself,thisdoesnotmeanmuch,becauseofthetransferandfurtherincreaseofthefundsforthePC/KDaction(atotalof24.79ThefundsforsectoralinitiativesoftheEducationDepartmentincreasedgreatlyin2001,mentVMM,OVAM,etc.actuallyfallunderthecompetentdepartment–inthiscase,theEnvironicyandpolicy-orientedinitiativestogether.Tables4and5aresupplementary,inthesensethatForsectoralsciencepolicy,table5comprisesthefundsprovidedforresearchinsupportofpolandInfrastructureDivision.andinstitutesofhighereducationintheformofcovenants.12.02,+0.793millionEUR). ChapterIII.7–201

6.A

The1.819millionEUR,increaseinthesubsidyforthesupportcentresby1.058millionEUR).In2003,thebudgetfellby2.167millionEUR(fallintheitem,internationalcooperationbyhigher2.083millionEURfortheelectronicfilesandtheelectronicequipmentfortheinstitutesofthistable.Italsoincludesthe2.507millionEURfortheFlemishelectronicnetworkandthedepartmentsconcerned.Theco-fundingoftheR&DStatisticssupportcentreisincludedinpolicyareas.Ontheotherhand,theco-fundingofspecificsupportcentresisincludedunderthe(7.991millionEUR)isshowninthistablebecauseitconcernsresearchwhichcoversmanyredirectionoffunds.Theoverallfundingforthesupportcentresforpolicy-orientedresearchsociety.Thisreductioncontinuedin2001,andwastheresultofbudgetreductionsandtheorientedresearch,internationalcooperationandtheexpenditurerelatedtotheinformationin2000byapproximately7.4millionEUR,becauseofthereductioninfundsforpolicy-Therewasadrasticincreaseinthefundsintheperiod1997-1999,followedbyafallinthefundsalsoThisincludestheinitiativestosupportthesciencepolicyasawhole.Theadvisoryorganswereincludedinthis,astheysupporttheoverallpolicyinscienceandtechnology.education,aswellasthesubsidyforIMECandVito.electronicsfundsweremovedtoprogramme33.2.

respect.Centresforresearchinsupportofpolicywereaddedtothecompetentdepartmentsinthis2003.TherewasaslightincreaseinthevariousdepartmentsbecausethefundsfortheSupportneweducationmedia(PC/KD)werereducedfrom27.021millionto0.057millionEURinreductionfortheEducationDepartmentby26.691millionEUR,becausethefundsfortheIn2003,therewasanoverallfallof23.3millionEURinthistable.Thisismainlyduetothe variety of expenditure related to the general science policy

ChapterIII.7–202

Research relevant to policy per department policypolicy)isintendedforresearchrelevanttopolicy.Thefundsfortheresearchinsupportofmoneyshownhereintable5(Sectoralinitiativesandsectoralresearchandstudiesinsupportofdifferentdepartmentalbasicallocations.Inprinciple,itisassumedthattheproportionoftheThisfigureprovidesasummaryofthefundsforresearchinsupportofpolicyasthisoccursonofOA71areaddedtothesectoralfunds. ChapterIII.7–203

“actuallionEUR.Ofthis,52million(37millionR&Dfunds)canbeattributedtotheincreaseinthebyafallinthesectoralfunds.In2002,thefundsoftheHBPWPincreaseddrasticallyby58milincreaseinthebudgetofOA71(by29.7millionEUR).However,thisincreaseismoderatedfundsby11.8millionEUR.Theincreasecanbeattributed,amongstotherthings,totheHBPWB2001increasedbyapproximately24.4millionEUR,comparedwith2000;theR&DIn2000,theinitialfundsforsciencepolicyincreasedfurtherby29.6millionEUR.Thoseofthemillionsciencepolicy”:from1996-1999,theyincreasedby266millionEUR,from2000-2003by206largelyattributedtotheincreaseinthebudgetintheorganisationaldepartmentsfor“actualtheyears1996to1999,and220millionEURduringtheyears2000to2003.Thiscanbeisclearlyapparentfromtheincreaseinsciencefunds(HBPWBs)–294millionEUR–duringSuccessivegovernmentsmadesciencepolicyapriorityandprovidedthenecessaryfunds.Thisfigure.TheevolutionofthetotalfundsoftheHBPWBsfrom1993to2003areshowninthefollowingitsThedistributionofthetotalbudgetoftheHBPWB2003overthesixclassifications,aswellasforMINAfund,weregiventheirownappropriateplaceintheanalysistables.However,thefundsFlemishscientificinstitutes)wasthereforenotincludedhere.Theseinstitutes,aswellastheTheresearchrelevanttopolicybeingcarriedoutinallsortsofinstitutes(suchasthefivethesupportcentresforresearchrelevanttopolicywereincludedhere.evolutionintheperiod1993-2003,isshowninthefollowingtable.EUR–i.e.,theinitialfundswithoutthePC/KDbudgets.sciencepolicy”(OA71+OA33). ChapterIII.7–204

contributeareincludedintheHBPWBfor2003.TheSupportCentresforresearchrelevanttopolicyalsoarycostsofthepersonnelwithapermanentappointmentattheotherfivescientificinstitutesCLOweretransferredfromthefederallevelasaresultofdefederalisation.Inaddition,thesalamongstotherthings,totheevolutioninthesevenFlemishscientificinstitutes.TheCLEandthedisappearanceofthePC/KDfundsintheEducationDepartment.Theincreaseisdue,isastrongincreaseinthefundsforthesectoralsciencepolicy,althoughthisiscancelledoutbytionalinjectionof46.5millionEURforIMECandforagriculturalresearch.Inaddition,therebudget2002,amountsto143millionEUR.Infact,inthecourseof2002therewasanaddiparisonwiththeinitialfunds).Theoverallincreasein2003,comparedtothedefinitiveadjustedforthe“realsciencepolicy”with106.44millionEUR,ofwhich82.3areR&Dfunds(incomIn2003,theHBPWBisincreasingby107.6millionEUR.Thereisstrongadditionalsupporttotheincrease.

ChapterIII.7–205

inwererespectively49%,47%and4%.In1999,theseshareswere52.3%,40.2%and7.5%,andexclusivelyintendedforthisaspect.In1996,thepercentagesharesofR&D,STETandSTSSincethen,theR&Dfundshaveincreasedsteadilyasaresultoftheannualincrease,almostthanthatforR&D.Thischangedfrom1996,whenthetwoshareswerevirtuallythesame.STSonlyaccountsforasmallshareintheHBPWB.In1993,theshareofSTETwasevenlargercode,ThetableandgraphsbelowdividethebudgetoftheHBPWB2003intermsofactivity,NABSanddepartment.2003,theR&Dshareisincreasingto57%. ChapterIII.7–206

inNABScodes.PartIIIofthisInformationGuidecontinuedtheanalysistothesub-NABSlevelTheaccompanyingfigureshowsthepercentagedistributionofthe2003R&Dfundsoverthesomecases. ChapterIII.7–207

ChapterIII.7–208

get,includingtheoperationalsubsidiestotheuniversities–andtheMinisterofFinanceandBud-mentofFlanders,withaconcentrationoffundsfortheMinisterofEducationandTraining–ThelastgraphshowsthedistributionofthesciencebudgetoverthemembersoftheGovern-Innovation,theMediaandTownandCountryPlanning.

Chapter III.8. theThecalculationoftheR&DactivitiesasapercentageofFlemishGDPandaninternationalcomparison ChapterIII.8 sciencebudgetsforscientificresearchinastrictsense(OECDdefinition).Alltheotheraspectsoftheofthemostcommonindicatorsformeasuringtheseefforts.ItonlytakesintoaccounttheoftheGrossDomesticProductthatisusedforResearchandDevelopment(R&D).Thisisoneisexpressed,interalia,intermsoftheR&DfundsasapercentageoftheGDP:thepercentageinnovationpolicy.Foraninternationalcomparisontobepossible,theinputoffinancialfundsTheavailabilityofsufficientfundsisapreconditionforagoodscienceandtechnologybudget(STET,STS–seechapter1.1forthedefinitions)arenotincludedinthis. The calculation of the R&D efforts as a percentage of the GDP of Flanders (expressedFurthermorethejointeffortsofthegovernment(Flemish,federalandEU)andindustryprobablyFlemishparticipationin2002(statementofthecabinetofDirkVanMechelen).The56%isThe28.5%ESAisprobablyanunderestimate.MeanwhiletherehasbeenabigincreaseinbutionTocalculatetheshareofFlandersinthefederalfundsforsciencepolicy,twomethodsofdistri3.TheR&DbudgetoftheGovernmentofFlanders+theFlemishshareinthefederal2.TheR&DbudgetoftheGovernmentofFlanders+theFlemishshareinthefederal1.TheThe2003valuesoftheFlanders’GDPareusedasastartingpoint.Firstofalltheevolutionfrom1995-Anotherapproximatecalculationisgivenbelow,strictlylimitedtotheR&Dfunds.Thelatestofouslyinthe1997and2001InformationGuideandsubsequentlyinthe1999and2003BookCalculationsoftheR&DeffortsasapercentageoftheFlanders’GDPwerepublishedprevi-Indicators.wascalculated.calculationwasbuiltupasfollows:R&DbudgetoftheGovernmentofFlandersonitsown;governmentR&Dfunds;Governmentfunds+theFlemishshareofthefundsfortheEUresearchprogrammes(Frameworkprogrammes).areused(F=Flemish):•28.5%FESA(Source:VRWB),and56%Ffortherestofthefederalsciencebudget;•56%F:thegeneraldistributionmethoduseduptonowforthefederalsciencefunds.TheFlemishRegionproducedslightlymorethan56%oftheBelgianGDP(VRIND2001).stillanoverestimateoftheshare.asapercentageoftheGDP)wereapproximatelycalculated. ChapterIII.8–209

ChapterIII.8–210 R&D-funds(inmillionEUR)199519961997199819992000200120022003(8)2003(9) GovernmentofFlanders(1)365.400429.670479.620518.640575.120595.680618.680706.187757.574757.574 Flanders’share inFed.funds(2) 204.838206.276210.831217.996215.639225.049223.314223.314223.314223.314 Flanders’share inFed.funds(3) 244.620246.155249.491257.493256.801266.686266.686266.686266.686266.686 lV+Fed(2)Tota570.238635.946690.451736.636790.759820.729841.994929.501980.888980.888 lV+Fed(3)Tota610.020675.825729.111776.133831.921862.366885.366972.8731,024.2601.024.260 Flanders’shareEU(4)68.35068.35068.35068.35068.35068.35068.35068.35068.35068.350 V+Fed(2)+EU638.588704.296758.801804.986859.109889.079910.344997.8511,049.2381.049.238 V+Fed(3)+EU678.370744.175797.461844.483900.271930.716953.7161,041.2231,092.6101.092.610 GDP-Flanders(5) inmillionEUR 115,034.0117,436.2124,195.3128,251.0134,393.6142,188.4147,165.0151,874.3154,911.80151,874.30 R&Das%GDP-Flanders199519961997199819992000200120022003(8)2003(9) GovernmentofFlanders(1)0.320.370.390.400.430.420.420.460.490.50 V+Fed(2)0.500.540.560.570.590.580.570.610.630.65 V+Fed(3)0.530.580.590.610.620.610.600.640.660.67 V+Fed(2)+EU0.560.600.610.630.640.630.620.660.680.69 V+Fed(3)+EU0.590.630.640.660.670.650.650.690.710.72 industry(6)previousdata1.181.241.301.301.301.301.301.301.301.30 industry(6)newdata1.281.381.461.521.621.701.701.701.701.70 lV+industrypdTota1.501.611.691.701.731.721.721.761.791.80 lV+industryndTota1.601.741.851.932.052.112.122.162.192.20 Totalgov.(2) +industrypd(7) 1.741.841.911.931.941.931.921.961.981.99 Totalgov.(2) +industrynd(7) 1.841.982.072.152.262.322.322.362.382.39 Totalgov.(3) +industrypd(7) 1.771.871.941.961.971.951.951.992.012.02 Totalgov.(3) +industrynd(7) 1.872.012.112.182.292.352.352.392.412.42

Figure. Evolutionofthe%R&D/GDP-Flanders,onlytakingintoaccounttheR&Dbudgetofthe Government of Flanders. ChapterIII.8–211 Flanders government as identified in the HBPWB – adapted budget. (2)Distribution key ESA 28.5% V (Source VRWB) and 56% V for the rest of the federal science budget. Federal R&D funds 1995 - 2000): Source DWTC. (3)Distribution key 56% V for the federal R&D (9)Not(8)Taking(7)Total(6)previousdata:IWTstudy31“ResultsoftheOECDsurveyoftheFlemishIndustry”,M.Cincera&R.Veugelers,(5)Source:T.Vergeynst,APS/AZF(calculationversion29/07/02).Theofficialseries,asdeterminedbytheINR,covers(4)Estimationaccordingtothecalculatedreturnof2.38%fortheFourthFrameworkProgramme(1994-1998).Becausefunds.thedatafortheFifthFrameworkProgramma(1998-2002)arestillincomplete,thesamereturnwasappliedforthefollowingyears.Source:PascaleDengis,E.DewallefandVeerleLories,2001.theyears1995-1999andwascalculatedaccordingtothenewESR95standard.Thedata2000and2001areestimationsbytheKBC,the2002dataareestimationsAPS.2000.AccordingtocalculationsbyDWTC(May2000):1.30%in1997(officialdatatransferredtotheOECD.SourceJanLarosse,IWT).1.30%wasmaintainedforthefollowingyears.Thepreviousandnew(provisional)dataarebothusedinthecalculations.Thepreviousdataareprobablyanunderestimate,whilethe(provisional)newfigurescouldbeanoverestimateoftherealsituation.TheresultsoftheOECDsurveyfor2000-2001willgiveananswertothis-thesewillbecomeavailableinthespringof2003.%R&D/GDP:governments+industry(withreservation)intoaccountahypotheticaleconomicalgrowthof2%for2003.takingintoaccounttherealeconomicalgrowth.

continuerentgovernment.Afterashortperiodofreflectionin2000,ittookthenecessarymeasurestoperiod1996-1999,whichhavenowbeenfollowedbyevenfurther-reachingeffortsbythecurThetableshowstheeffectoftheincreasesintroducedbytheGovernmentofFlandersinthe–of2003.Forthetimebeing,thecalculationswerethereforecarriedoutwithbothseriesofdataconductedatthemomentwillgiveananswertothis–thesewillbecomeavailableinthespringoverestimateoftherealsituation.TheresultsoftheOECDsurveyfor2000-2001beingfigureswereprobablyanunderestimate,whilethe(provisional)newfigurescouldbeanIWT),andfrom2000theestimatewas1.7%.Inaddition,itwasindicatedthatthepreviousachieved.Ontheotherhand,therearethenew(provisional)figures(statementbyJanLarosse,thetable.Ontheonehand,therearethepreviousfigures:from1997,alevelof1.3%wasTwoseriesofdatawereusedforR&Dexpenditurebyindustry,alsoseetheexplanationwithprobablytherealvalueissomewherebetweenthesetwopercentages.theincreases.

International comparison R&D.GBAORDisanindicatorusedbytheOECDfortheinputwhichthegovernmentmakesinforR&D).ThisreferstothepolicyfundsofthegovernmentwhichareavailableforR&D.TheThegovernmenteffortsareexpressedinGBAORD(GovernmentAppropriationsorOutlaysThetablegivesaninternationalcomparison. Table.International comparison of the government R&D budgets (GBAORD) as %GDP. GBAORD as % correspondstothefirstapproximatecalculation,basedontheadditionoftheGBAORDandFortheGERDFlandersfortheyear1999weobtainedavalueof2.2%GDP-Flanders.Thisyearsurveyfortheyears2000-2001isstillbeingconducted,thelastfiguresavailablewereforthealsoused.ThesewereobtainedfromtheOECDsurveyscarriedouteverytwoyears.AstheForthisreason,thedirectcalculationofthedifferentcompositeelementsoftheGERDwerealthoughpage210).Thisshouldbeseenwithsomereservationsbecausethedatawereaddedtogether,matecalculationbasedontheGBAORDandtheBERD(seethetableofcalculationsFortheGERDFlanders,twoapproacheswereused.Ontheonehand,therewasanapproxiFlanderstablewiththeinternationalcomparisonwiththe%GERD/GDP.TheGERDcalculatedforTheOECDpublication“MainScienceandTechnologyIndicators,Volume2002/2containsaonexpressedastheGERD(GrossexpenditureonR&D);thejointexpenditureofallthesectorsEnterpriseSector).Thejointeffortsofallthesectors(HERD,BERD,GOVERD,PNP)areTheeffortsofFlemishindustryareexpressedinBERD(ExpenditureforR&DintheBusiness***Flanders'**Flanders'funds+28.5%ESAand56%Vfortherestofthefederalsciencebudget+theFlemishshareintheEU*Flanders'MainJapan0.550.590.640.69USA0.890.840.810.87Spain0.480.560.62noPortugal0.500.540.620.63Italy0.580.580.660.69Sweden1.110.810.750.88Finland0.951.080.980.99Denmark0.710.740.740.72Netherlands0.760.810.80noIreland0.330.280.32noUnitedFrance1.080.970.980.99Germany0.900.830.800.82Flanders***0.630.660.650.650.71Flanders**0.600.630.630.620.68Flanders*0.370.400.420.420.4919961998200020012003GDPKingdom0.760.660.68nodatadatadatadataScienceandTechnologyIndicators,OECD,2002/2.fundsFrameworkProgrammefunds+56%Vforthefederalsciencebudget+theFlemishshareintheEUFrameworkProgrammeR&D).wascomparedtothis.theywereobtainedbytwodifferentmethodologies.1999. ChapterIII.8–212

RegionareincludedforFlanders,bothasregardsthefundsforthefundingandthosefortheFlemishpublicfundswhichareallocatedtoinstitutionsestablishedintheBrusselsCapital(ExpenditureonR&DintheHigherEducationSector),thefollowingrulewasapplied:“TheItshouldbenotedthatforthesecond(direct)calculationoftheGERD,fortheHERDnationalcalculationcertainlyprovidesanindicationofthetrendandthepositionofFlandersinaninterbecomesnoticeable(0.1%=approximately0.25billionEuro).InthissensetheapproximatesensethatmillionsofEurosmustbeaddedbeforetheincreaseinthepercentageR&D/GDPtheBERD.Itiscertainlythecasethatthecalculationofthe%GDPisnotverysensitive,inthecontext. ChapterIII.8–213 Table.International comparison of the GERD as % GDP. GERD as % 19961997199819992000200120022003GDP Flanders* (1,7% BERD)1.982.072.152.262.322.322.362.38 Flanders* (1.3% Japan2.772.832.942.942.98noUSA2.552.582.602.652.722.82EU1.801.801.811.861.88noSpain0.830.820.890.880.940.97PortugalnoItaly1.011.051.071.041.07noSwedennoFinland2.542.722.893.223.37noDenmark1.851.942.062.09noNetherlands2.012.041.942.02noIreland1.321.291.261.21noUnitedFrance2.302.222.172.182.182.20Germany2.262.292.312.442.492.53Belgium1.801.871.891.96noBERD)1.841.911.931.941.931.921.961.98datanodataKingdom1.881.811.801.881.85nodatadatanodatadata1.97datanodatadatadata3.67nodata3.78nodatanodatadatadata0.62nodata0.76nodatanodatadatadataMainScienceandTechnologyIndicators,OECD,2002/2*%GERDforFlanders,anapproximatecalculationas%GBAORD(28.5%ESA)+%BERD Table.CalculationoftheGERD/GDP-Flanders,basedonthedifferentsectorsoftheGERD(inmil-lionEUR) 1993199419951996199719981999 BERD 1347140914601604179819412138 GOVERD 55576263718186 HERD 418439449490544588634 PNP 29323132323233 GERD 1849193720022188244526412891 GDP-Flanders 104,037.0109,796.5115,034.0117,436.2124,195.3128,251.0134,393.6 %GERD/GDP-Flanders Source:BRISTISource:calculations1.81.81.71.92.02.12.2DWTC,29May2001Report,2001,CFS/STAT

eral.withUSAandJapanisstillconsiderable–actuallythisisthecasefortheEU-countriesingenlarlyforthegovernmentfunds;however,industrycouldalsomakeadditionalefforts.Thegaprelativelylowincomparisonwithourmostimportanttradingpartners.ThisappliesparticurevealthatFlandershasconsiderablyimproveditsposition.Nevertheless,theR&DshareisstillThetablesofbothGBAORDandGERDexpressedasapercentageoftheFlanders’GDPtionsregionalandcommunitymatters.Thismustbetakenintoaccountwheninternationaldefinistructurediffersfromthatofotherfederalcountriesbecauseadistinctionismadebetweennity–theFrenchCommunityhasadoptedthesameposition.Afterall,theBelgianfederalstateexecutionofresearch”.ThisisinaccordancewiththepoliticalpositionoftheFlemishCommuareapplied.

Prognosis

lier.further,aninnovationpactwillbedrawnupbetweenallthepartiesinvolved,asindicatedearEURofadditionalfunds–sharedbetweengovernmentandindustry.Inordertodiscussthisetc.)remainedthesame.Inthiscase,thecalculationisfora(maximum)injectionof1.5billion2010.Inthecalculations,alltheotherfactors(Flemishshareinfederalfunds,intheEU-KPsutetogethertoachievethe3%normfortheR&D/GDPpercentageestablishedbytheEU,forThenitwasworkedouthowmanyfundsthegovernmentandindustrywouldhavetocontrib

Comments

3°Theinternationalcomparisonshouldbeseeninrelativeterms:thisisapparentfromthefact2°ThecalculationisactuallyarelativeratiobetweenthegrowthoftheGDPofFlandersand1°Theyareapproximate,bothfortheinternationalcomparison,andforthehypothesescircumspectionItisexpresslypointedoutherethatthesecalculationsmustbeinterpretedwiththenecessaryandinarelativelight.whichareusedinthecalculations.thegrowthofthesciencebudget.ItrequiresaverygreatincreaseinthesciencebudgetforthisincreasetobevisibleinthepercentageofFlanders’GDP.thatsomefigureschangeindifferenteditionsofthe“MainScienceandTechnologyIndicators”.Sometimestimeseriesarebrokenoffincertaincountries,forexample,becauseadifferentmethodofcalculationwasused.Furthermore,thecalculationsinanumberofcountriesrevealthatthereisadifferencebecausesomecountriesmakebiginjectionsinthemilitarysector.TheUSAisintheleadinthisrespectwith53%oftheR&Dbudgetfordefencein1999.InthesameyeartheOECDaverageforthiswas30%,theUK38%,France23%,Spain26%.ForBelgium,thissharewasverylow,andFlandersdoesnotfundanyresearchatallinthedefencesector.

ChapterIII.8–214

PARTIV EXPENDITURE OF THE FUNDS FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION 215 EXPENDITUREOFTHEFUNDSFORSCIENCE,TECHNOLOGYANDINNOVATION Respiration of the plant cell occurs through the stomata. (VIB photograph)

Theyareareflectionofthewholescientificcommunityandcomprise14membersofuniversiTheScientificCommissionsformtheessentialcoreofthescientificworkoftheFWOFlanders.Theties’bleforthistask,onthebasisofintrauniversitycompetition–takingintoaccounttheuniversi-ThereforetheinstitutecomplementstheSpecialResearchFund(BOF),whichisalsoresponsi-researchCommunity(includingthecooperativeventuresbetweentheFlemishuniversitiesandothergroundbreakingbasicresearchineveryfieldofscienceattheuniversitiesoftheFlemishFundforScientificResearchFlandersistheinstituteresponsibleforpromotingandsupportingAccordingtothedraftManagementAgreement2002-2007withtheFlemishCommunity,theinstitutes),onthebasisofscientificinteruniversitycompetition.ownstrategiesonscientificresearch.operationoftheFWOFlandersisbasedontwofundamentalelements:•thecontributionofthescientificcommunity,intermsofresearch,selectionandintermediaryandexpostevaluation;•theinteractionbetweenthiscommunityandtheadministrativeorgansoftheFWOFlanders,todrawupapolicywithproceduresandactionswhichareasefficientandeffectiveaspossible,inordertoachievethebestresults.tiesorinstitutesforscientificresearch.ThemembersarenominatedbytheBoardofDirectors.SixmembersbelongtotheFlemishCommunity.Oftheeightothermembers,atleasttwoaremembersofaforeigninstitute,andtheremainderbelongtotheFrenchCommunity.Themandatesarepersonalandcannotbetransferred.FortheBelgianmemberstheylastfiveacademicyears,whichcanberenewedonce.Nooneovertheageof60canbeassignedamandate.Themandatesoftheforeignmemberslastthreeacademicyears,andcanberenewedtwice,ifrequired.Theagelimitinthiscaseis62.Thenon-FlemishmembershavethesameprerogativesastheFlemishmembers–allthemembersparticipateinthediscussionsonanequalfooting.ThecompositionalsoguaranteesthatBelgiumhasafirmpositionandcanrespondtospecificissuessufficientlystrongly,sothatalltheinitiativeisnotlefttoforeignexpertise.

Report”Morecompleteandrelevantdatacanbefoundinthe“1991-2000Analysisofexpenditure”,the“2000Annualandthe“2001AnnualReport”onthewebsite:http://www.fwo.be

Chapter IV.1 Expenditure of the funds distributed by the FWO Flanders ChapterIV.1

ChapterIV.1–217

Anturetermsofthefundsforactionsforthescientificcommunity.ThefollowinganalysisofexpendiWiththerangeofsubsidieswhichitreceives,theFWOFlanderscreatesacoherentpolicyinGuideandtheannualanalysisoftheHBPWBs,aswellasintheFWOliteraturequotedabove.table1.TheevolutionoftheFlemishsubsidiesisincluded,interalia,inthe1999InformationThespreadofthetotalbudgetoftheFWOFlandersfortheyears1992-2001isshownindrawaccount.WithintheprioritiesoftheScientificCommissions,theadministrativeorgansthengestedbytheScientificCommissions.ThisobviouslytakesthepossibilitiesofthebudgetintoproposestheallocationsoftheindividualmandatesandfundsonthebasisoftheprioritiessugAccordingtothedirectivesandproceduresdeterminedbytheBoardofDirectors,theAgencyreferees.Todrawuptheexanteadvice,theCommissionsaresupportedbythecontributionsofexternalcompletelyandformsthebasisofthechangedclassificationforeachareaofscience,whichisnotThesystemoftheScientificCommissionswasthoroughlyrevisedwitheffectfrom1/1/1997,comparabletothesciencesectorsofthepast.upasciencepolicy.thereforeconcernsallofthesefunds.analysisofthevariousfundsforactionsoftheFWOFlandersfollowsbelow. Research mandates todates.Thedivisionforeachtypeofmandateandeachsciencedisciplineisreflectedinfigures1Theevolutionofresearchmandatesisshownintable2,withasummaryofthedifferentman6. ChapterIV.1–218 Table 1.EvolutionofthedistributionoffundsoverthevariousactivitiesoftheFWOFlanders(inmillionEUR) nityFlemishTOTALMiscellaneousResearchResearchScientificMandatesExpenditure199219931994199519961997199819992000200128.0631.7835.0537.9038.8443.2849.2653.7255.5842.5145%45%47%47%44%46%46%48%48%40%Contacts2.082.011.911.912.732.882.332.482.213.423%3%3%3%3%3%2%2%2%3%Grants1.070.942.352.332.882.750.971.661.761.662%1%3%3%3%3%1%1%2%2%Projects28.2832.3331.9534.9039.7441.62*50.72*50.07*50.8253.0245%46%43%43%45%44%47%45%44%50%2.853.003.303.693.894.364.514.514.594.695%5%4%5%5%4%4%4%4%5%62.3470.0674.5680.7388.0894.89107.79112.44114.96105.30100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%CommuSubsidy46.2351.6054.1958.1066.8379.6283.5691.1791.3281.09ThecostforthePermanentResearchPositionsisincludedinthemandates,whileformerlyitbelongedintheaccountingsystemtotheResearchProjects.Theseresearchersweretransferredtotheuniversitiesfrom1/10/2000*CreditsfortheMax-Wildiersfundwerespentfrom2000on.

Table 2.Evolution of the mandates (figures for 1 October) yearMandate AssistantsResearch Special doc toral grants PostdoctoralFellows Fund.MandateKlin. Permanent Re search(O.L.,PositionsO.D.) TheO.D.:O.L.:2001623644830201,1272000582441627201,0491999566437123231,1621998527836219191,11319974803310191961,00819964458243131969051995409620913198835199440122111419982719934122175141967991992409612310192740TotalResearchAssociatesResearchDirectors(transferredtotheAcademicStaffoftheUniversitiesfrom1/10/2000) predoctoralmandateofResearchAssistant thenetsalaryforanAssistantofauniversity,thoughitusedtobeapproximately10%higher.withoutanynegativeeffectsforthoseinvolved.Since1/10/1994,thisgranthasbeenequaltobutexemptfromincometax.Thismadeitpossibletoappointalargernumberofcandidatesagreement,wastransformedintoagrantfrom1/10/1991,subjecttotheStatesocialsecurity,,whichusedtocompriseanemployment ChapterIV.1–219 Figure 1.Research Assistants - evolution of the mandates according to the sector of science Figure 2.Research Assistants - evolution of the mandates according to the domain of science * The data in both distributions show the shifts due to the reorganisation of the scientific disciplines.

of science

4.Postdoctoral Fellows -

6.PermanentResearchPositions(ResearchAssociatesandResearchDirectors)-evolutionofthemandatesaccordingtothedomainofscience

ChapterIV.1–220

Figure

Figure evolution of the mandates according to the domain

Figure evolution of the mandates according to the sector

5.PermanentResearchPositions(ResearchAssociatesandResearchDirectors)-evolutionofthemandatesaccordingtothesectorofscience

3.Postdoctoral Fellows -

Figure

of science

Forthreeyearsitwaspossibletorecruit70universities5%oftheteamperyear.TheseresearcherswerelargelytransferredtotheAcademicStaffoftheemployedforalongtime.ThedistributionwasverystablebecausetheturnoverwaslimitedtofromtheformerI.I.K.W.(InteruniversityInstituteofNuclearSciences)whohavebeensciencesareoverrepresented.Infact,thisistheresultoftheinclusionofproductiveresearchershumanitiesandsocialsciencesaswellasmedicalsciences(intermsofpostdocs),whiletheexactAmongstthepermanentresearchers,therewasaparticularlystrikingunderrepresentationofrates.simplybeattributedtothenumberofcandidateswhoapply–andnottotheactualsuccesscalandmedicalsciences.Theotherareasareconsolidatingtheirshare.ThisphenomenoncanThehumanitiesandsocialsciencessurrenderasignificantsharetotheadvantageofthebiologi-spreadpredoctoralResearchAssistanttoPostdoctoralFellowisnotwithoutconsequencesfortheitisstrikingthatthetransitionfromacrossthedifferentsciencedisciplines.on1/10/1999.

ChapterIV.1–221

doctoratealreadyrecognisedasaspecialisthavebeenabletoreceiveasix-monthmandatewithaclinicalYoungclinicianswhoarenolongereligiblefortheResearchAssistantMandateandwhoaregrantThetalentemployedoutsidescientificresearchisrecoveredviatheSpecialDoctorateGrant:abyminethefinancialsenioritydidincreasethecostprice.ThishasnotyetbeenfullycompensatedHowever,theincreaseoftheend-of-the-yearsubsidyandtheendoftheagelimitof24todeterLottery120ofthetotalnumberofResearchAssistantsarefundedbythesubsidyfromtheNationalleastwas100peryear.Inordertoattractthemosttalentedyoungpeople,thegoalistoattractat150ResearchAssistantdoctoralstudentseveryyear,withagrantoffouryears–inthepastthisTheincreasedsubsidyfortheFundmadeitpossible(since1/10/1996)toattractapproximatelytioningandsupervisionofdoctoratestudentssothatadoctoralthesisispossiblewithinthedurademand(sincethe1993-1994selectionperiod)thattheywouldbeprovideadequatemonitorThepromotersofthesemandateholdersweregivengreaterresponsibilitybecauseoftheofthemandate.600doctoralstudents.atanyonetime.Becauseofarecentincreaseinthis,thishasnowgoneupto140.anincreaseinthesubsidyoftheFund.ofoneyeartocompleteadoctoralthesis.grantfortwoyearsfrom1/10/2002. Transitionbetweenpre-andpostdoctoralmandates:

whichentailsareductioninsubsidiesof3.2millionEUR,forwhichnoreplacementhasyetemployers’contributionsforsocialsecurity.However,thiscomestoanendattheendof2003,Since1/1/1998someofthePostdoctoralFellowshavebeenattheexpenseoftherecoveryofthebetweenthenumberofstrictlyselectedcandidatesproposedbytheScientificCommissionsandofmandatesinthiswayiscertainlyjustifiable:therewasagreatdealoftensioninthepastatcreatingapproximately525researchmandates.TheFWOFlanders’increaseinthenumbertothreeperiodsofthreeyears(withinterimselectivereductionsof1/2).Thisgrowthisaimedextensionandinterimselectivereductionsof1/3.From1/10/1996,thiswasfurtherextended1/10/92tothemandateofPostdoctoralFellowship.Thislaststhreeyears,withapossiblethegovernmentsciencepolicy,thepostdoctoralmandatefortwoyearswaschangedonpostdoctorallevel(asaparticularlyproductivestageinaresearchcareer),bothbytheFundandsubsidy,ratherthantheformer35peryear.BecauseoftheemphasisplacedonexpandingthewiththeincreasedFlemishvacanciesallowedbythebudget.

PostdoctoralFellows

Equalopportunitiesforbothgenders

SeniorClinicalInvestigators

theybiologicalsciencesuponthetransitionbetweenpre-andpostdoctoralmandates.However,themedicalsciencesandhumanities.Theylosegroundeverywhere–thoughparticularlyinthesentationof35%womenatthemoment),whilewomenarebetterrepresentedthanaverageinVirtuallythesametrendisreflectedinthepost-docs,thoughthisisstillbehind(withareprethanmostslowly–asthepercentageofwomeninthesedisciplineswasalreadyconsiderablyhigherThenumberofwomenissteadilyincreasingineveryfield.InthehumanitiesthisischangingbiologicalFordoctoralstudents,40%ofthepersonnelappointednowarewomen,andthedisciplinesofandother.Asummaryofthetrendtowardslargernumbersofwomenisshowninfigures7to14bestpossiblechancesofbeingnominated.Inthisway,themandatesarefollowonfromeachensurethattheresearchercanfullyimmersehimself/herselfintheresearchagain,andhasthelongerthanthreemonthsareautomaticallyextendedtotheendoftheacademicyear.ThisistotoralResearcherandthePostdoctoralFellowwithafirstextensionwhicharesuspendedforperiodthatthepersonhadnotworked.ThemandatesoftheResearchAssistant,thePostdocperiodofparental,maternityorpostnatalleaveandpalliativeleave,andtoextendthembythewomeninthemandates.Inthiscontextitwasalsodecidedtosuspendmandatesduringthearereflectedinthegradualincreaseinthenumberoftable8.andmedicalscienceshavesignificantlyhigherscores.inothersectorstwentyyearsago.aregainingslightlyinthehumanities,andareholdingtheirowninthemedicalfield.

ChapterIV.1–222

ermanentResearchPositions

ThePtwoextensionsofoneyear.On1/9/1999thiswasextendedfurthertoamandateofthreeyearswiththerextensionoftwoyears,ratherthantheprevioustwoyears,withthepossibilityoftwoicalpracticeandmedical-basicclinicalresearch,andextendedtothreeyearswithapossiblefurweremodifiedtostrengthenthelinkbetweenmedical-clinpossibleextensionsofthreeyears.

costsThemandateholderswhowishit,cancompletetheirfellowshipfromtheFWOFlanders.Thelows.attractedandbettercareerprospectscanbeofferedtothegrowingnumberofPostdoctoralFel-involved.Infact,theaimistoincreasethenumberinthefuture,sothatnewcandidatescanbeFund.Inaddition,thetransferwillnothaveanynegativesocialconsequencesforthosetransferdoesnothaveanynegativefinancialconsequenceseitherfortheuniversitiesorfortheties.Thisthroughputwasinfactthepurposeofthesemandatesfromtheverybeginning.TheStartingon1October2000,thesepostsweretransferredtotheacademicstaffoftheuniversi-government,lecturer,seniorlecturerorassistantprofessor.Thiscontingent,whichwaslimitedto200bythewereawardedtoresearchersofahighscientificstandard.Theyreceivedatenureatthelevelof–viz.theResearchAssociatesandResearchDirectors–wasatthetopofthepyramidofpostsoftheFWOFlanders.aresettledatthereceivinginstitutesatcostprice.

TheJuneResearchAssistantship,thecandidatesareonlyexpectedtodefendtheirdoctoratepubliclyby1whereelse.Inordertoensurethatthispostdoctoralmandatecantieinseamlesslywithaachieveaninternationallyrecognisedscientificlevel,andtogainthenecessaryexperiencesomewillbeseenasapositiveelementintheselection.Inthisway,Ph.Dshavesufficienttimetoreceiveamobilitysubsidytocarryoutresearchatanotherinstituteforoneyear.ThismobilityInaddition,PostdoctoralFellowsaregiventhepossibility,foreveryperiodofthreeyears,tomandatebeenfound.Inaddition,referenceismadetotheincreaseinthecostpriceofthenumberofholders,asfortheResearchAssistants.atthelatest.

ChapterIV.1–223

Figure 8.Male/femaleratioofResearchAssistantsemployedatthestartoftheacademicyear97-98

Figure 10.Male/femaleratioofResearchAssistantsemployedatthestartoftheacademicyear01-02

Figure 7.Male/femaleratioofResearchAssistantsemployedatthestartoftheacademicyear76-77

Figure 9.Male/femaleratioofResearchAssistantsemployedatthestartoftheacademicyear99-00

Figure 13.Male/femaleratioofthePostdoctoralFellowsemployedatthestartoftheacademicyear99-00

ChapterIV.1–224

Figure 11.Male/femaleratioofthePostdoctoralFellowsemployedatthestartoftheacademicyear76-77

Figure 12.Male/femaleratioofthePostdoctoralFellowsemployedatthestartoftheacademicyear97-98

Figure 14.Male/femaleratioofthePostdoctoralFellowsemployedatthestartoftheacademicyear01-02

duethenumberofmandatescancertainlynotbeattributedtodifferentchancesofpassing,butisAstable8shows,theremainingdifferencebetweentherepresentationofmenandwomeninbasicannualturnoverandmostmandateholdersareinthefieldoftheexactsciences,inparticular,wasrecently88%).Thisispartlyexplainedbythefactthatinthesepoststhereisonlya5%PermanentResearchPositionsfrom1976to1998arealmoststable(theproportionofmenmaterialsciences.tothenumberofcandidates. Personal funding The ResearchGrants drasticallytheiroperation.ExtrafundsarealsonecessaryforthisifthenumberofmandatesisnottobeisthecasefortheIWTFlanders,toreducethefundswhichareallocatedbythegovernmentforTheuniversitiesarealsoinsistingonsupportingthemandateholderswithaframeworkfundas2,500100,000BEF,whilethelimitwasstill1.5millionBEF.Meanwhile,thisminimumsumisreferredtotheresearchprojects.Since1/10/1999,theminimumsumhasbeenincreasedtoemphasisonsupportingindividualprojectsandyoungresearchers.Theestablishedteamsarereductionsince1999isduetothereallocationofthesefundstotheiroriginalgoal:agreaterTheallocatedsumwasincreasedatthattimetomorethan100millionBEFperyear.ThethisThemarkeddevelopmentintheproportionofthebiomedicalsectorisparticularlystrikingin1997/1998beawardedtothe1999budget.Thereforeonlysomeofthefundswhichwerereservedforthedealtwith,intermsofthebudget,asprojects–andthatconsequentlytheseapplicationswouldDuringthe1998selectionsession,itwasdecidedthatinfuturetheResearchGrantswouldbespentresearchbymainlyyoung,individualresearchers.Theevolutionofthedistributionofthefundsareaimedtoserveasoperationalandequipmentfundsforthepersonalforeachscientificdomainisshownintable9.academicyearareallocatedfor1998.respect–attheexpenseoftheappliedsciences,whichfocusmoreonresearchprojects.EUR,andthemaximumhasbecome40,000EUR.reduced. Research projects contributions.neloroperationalcosts,whilenegativebalancesmustbecoveredbyoperationalfundsorothertheprojectrequirements.Thismeansthatpositivebalancescanbeusedforadditionalpersonscale.Consequentlyitispossibletoattractmoreorlessexperiencedpersonnel,dependingonandalltheadministrativerestrictionsdisappearedintermsofage-basedseniorityandthesalaryary1997.Permanentfull-timeequivalentswereawardedforanypersonneltobeappointed,thesystemforfundingResearchProjectschangedtoso-called“envelopefunding”fromJanucombinedwithanincreasedlevelofscientificandmanagementresponsibilityfortheinitiators,IntheattempttoachieveaneconomicandeffectiveuseofthefundsfortheResearchProjects,datesbudgetinthepast,thoughtheyweresubsequentlytransferredtotheitemforresearchmanresearchersoftheFundwerecoveredbytheprojectsfromthetechnicalpointofviewoftheTheevolutionofthefundsthatwerespentisshowninfigures15,16and17.ThepermanentincreaseThenumberofsupportingscientificandtechnicalpersonnelcouldbeincreasedbecauseoftheResearchprojectswhichareawardedtoeminentresearchunitsrequirepersonnelandfunds.inthesubsidy.forthesakeofclarity,whenthisbecamepossiblefromalegalpointofview. ChapterIV.1–225

ChapterIV.1–226 Table8.SuccessrateforResearchAssistantsandPostdoctoralFellows 1995199619971998199920002001overthe7years MFTMFTMFTMFTMFTMFTMFTMFT ResearchAssistants Appliedfor1911213122191423612031603632101523622031273302051373422481644121,4791,0032,482 Granted643810280621428467151955615187641518764151113641776104151,025 Successrate33.531.432.736.543.639.341.441.941.645.436.841.742.950.445.842.446.744.245.639.043.041.241.441.3 PostdoctoralFellows Appliedfor10231133139622011276719410565170965014612168189122601828124031,215 Granted2993854177162391015931906631976429937034104404190594 Successrate28.429.028.638.927.435.348.858.252.156.247.752.968.862.066.452.942.749.257.456.757.149.847.248.9 M:maleF:femaleT:total Table9.EvolutionoftheResearchGrantsaccordingtothesectorordomainofscience Sectorofsci- ence Year Physicalandexact sciences Biomedical sciences Applied sciences HumanitiesSocial sciences Total %%amount%amount%amount%amount%amount(kEUR)amount(kEUR)(kEUR)(kEUR)(kEUR)(kEUR) 1992193.7025.7358.8047.6173.8723.1-0.027.273.6753.65100 1993182.4526.1262.1537.4173.2824.72,0257.232.234.6700.30100 1994639.5427.11,090.4146.2385.3316.36,9207.373.873.12,360.69100 1995804.6129.51,021.3537.4656.1524.05,0634.6121.274.52,728.89100 1996709.6024.11,345.4245.6573.8019.56,6475.6152.455.22,946.04100 Domainof science Year Exact sciences Biological sciences Medical sciences Applied sciences HumanitiesSocial sciences Total %%amount%amount%amount%amount%amount%amount(kEUR)amount(kEUR)(kEUR)(kEUR)(kEUR)(kEUR)(kEUR) 1997476.6017.6593.8021.91,036.6438.2299.1611.1257.889.546.831.72,710.91100 199869.667.2102.3310.6522.3954.0187.6819.476.857.98.680.9967.58100 1999270.3516.3311.6318.7691.6741.6183.2411.0115.526.991.725.51,664.13100 2000352.5319.6485.1827.0647.6536.1197.2711.090.855.122.311.21,795.79100 2001328.1919.6350.5220.9681.9640.8183.2210.976.184.652.753.21,672.81100

slightlygrowingtrendofinternationalisationalsoimposesfinancialdemandsandwouldbenefitfromThisdevelopmentmeansthatthereisaneedforaninvestmentpolicyforlargeequipment.TheapproximatelyInabsolutenumbers,thisgrowthparticularlystronglybenefitsthehumanities;theyacquireconcentratedonlyafewtemporarypeaks.Activitiesincreasedby34%andthesupportingpersonnelby16%,weremovedtoadifferentyear),subsidiesforequipmenthaveremainedvirtuallystable,withFrom1993tothepresentday(1992isapoorbasisforcomparisonbecausesomeofthefundsEUR,whileallthepersonnelpostswereoccupied.In1998,itincreasedtomorethan4.96millionIn1997,thissystemresultedinextraoperationalfunds,amountingto2.776millionEUR,whichmeansthatthegrowthofcontractualpersonnelcostscouldbesloweddown.onthegroupofscientificpersonnel.49%ofpersonnel.longerprojects. ChapterIV.1–227 Figure 15.Evolution of the research projects Figure 16.Evolution of the research projects according to the sector of science

International cooperation AcreditInordertocontinuepromotingtheinternationalisationofbasicresearch,anumberofspecificlineswerefurtherdeveloped. mobilitysubsidy wasintroducedforthePostdoctoralFellowsofFWOFlanders,sothat they could continue their research for an additional year at an institute other than their own. Since1996,134 VisitingPostdoctoralFellowships ofmaryindicatingthecountryoforigin.NorthandWestEuropeansaccountforthelion’sshareexpertisetoresearchprojectsandscientificresearchcommunities.Table11providesasum-havebeenattractedtocontributeforeigntheexpertswhoareattracted. Table 11.Visiting Postdoctoral Fellowships YearGrantedOriginNorthernandWesternEuropeUSAandCanadaSouthernEuropaEasternEuropeandRussia SouthernAmerica andMiddleFarEast Flanders:donetoestablishcooperativeventureswhichhaveagreaterimpactonscientificactivityincontactgroups,postgraduateeducationandsabbaticalleavesweregroupedtogether.Thisiscooperativeventuresatthepostdoctorallevel,thepositiveelementsfromtheformerfundsforInordertopromotethecoordinationbetweenFlemishResearchUnitsandinternationalTotal13461472833012001166--5-5-2000217-1724-1999113-13-311998197213-6-19972611224-7-19964127-2615-Oceaniathe ScientificResearchNetworks ChapterIV.1–228 Figure 17.Evolution of the research projects according to the domain of science

domain.Table12showsthedistributionofanumberofScientificResearchNetworksforeachsciencificlarge,dates,etc.Ithasbeenfoundthatthesenetworksallowtheparticipatingresearchunitstojoinformforimportantresearchprogrammes,VisitingPostdoctoralFellowships,researchmanwholeachievesahigherstandardthanitscompositeparts.Graduallytheyalsobecometheplatmentaryresearchandleadingtoafocusofparticulardisciplines.Inthisway,theresearchasaverforinterdisciplinary,transdisciplinaryandmultidisciplinaryresearch,promotingcompletificcooperativeventuresbetweenresearchunitsoperatinginFlandersandabroad,serveasalemanentplaceintheFlemishsciencepolicy.Currentlythereare57oftheseWOGs.ThesescienTheScientificResearchNetworks,establishedatthebeginningof1994,haveacquiredaperasworkshops,symposiaandresidenciesforscientificcooperationatthepostdoctorallevel,aswellEUR.Thiscouldbeextendedifnecessary.Thisallowsforfundingofguestlecturers,fromabroad.Forfiveyears,anannualoperatingsubsidyisprovidedofamaximumof12,395universities),andaminimumoftworesearchgroupsfromtheFrench-speakingCommunityorTheseusuallyconsistofatleastthreeFlemishresearchunits(inatleasttwoFlemishtheresearchcoordinationmeetings.prestigiousinternationalnetworks. Table 12.ThedistributionofthenumberofScientificResearchNetworksaccordingtothedomainsofscienceon1/1/2002. Domains of scienceNumber% Biological TheTOTAL57100.0AppliedMedicalSocialExactHumanities1221.0sciences712.3sciences1119.3sciences915.8sciences1119.3sciences712.3 Sabbaticalleaves Forsometime,useselectivesupportforfull-timeFlemishmembersoftheAcademicStaffoftheuniversities.Theywerenotabolished,butwereconvertedfrom1/1/1996toprovidethesubsidytocarryoutscientificresearchforthreemonthstooneyear. TravelGrants, Tableapplicationsresultedinareductioninthenumberoffundsawarded,followedbyahigherqualityoftheabroad,havealsobeensubmittedtoaninterdisciplinaryBoardfortheirassessment.Thisfirstbothforattendingconferencesandforspendingshortperiodssubmitted.13showstheevolutionintheshareofscientificsectors/domainsofscience. OrganisationofscientificmeetingsinBelgium:theseapplicationsarealsoselectedbythe interdisciplinary Board International forfunds.Amoredetailedsummaryisincludedintheabove-mentionedFWOdocumentation.Euroconferences,Networks,ScientificProgrammesandEUROCORESasthemainactionsTheFWOisalsoamemberoftheEuropeanScienceFoundation,withexploratoryworkshops,lands,Finally,alargenumberofinternationalcooperativeventuresarecreated,e.g.withtheNetherContacts.forthehumanitiesandthecoastalzoneresearch. ChapterIV.1–229

200118728,112418,716524,8385,77711,67411,1665100200020227,812016,518825,8587,99112,5699,5728100199921330,99613,914721,3639,29914,47110,3689100199820227,312016,217724,07810,611014,9527,0739100199720928,39813,318224,78411,48711,87810,5738100YearscienceDomain199622531,120127,814119,58211,47410,2723100199525436,917625,512317,98312,0537,7689100199426537,519427,512117,17610,8507,1706100199325536,815422,313119,08712,6649,3691100n%n%n%n%ofExactsciencesBiologialsciencesMedicalsciencesAppliedsciencesHumanitiesSocialsciencesTotal

Table 13.Evolution of travel grants according to the sector or domain of science Sector of sci ence Physical and exact sciences Biomedicalsciences Appliedsciences HumanitiesSocialsciences Total Yearn%n%

ChapterIV.1–230

Chapter IV.2 Expenditure of the funds distributed by the IWT Flanders ChapterIV.2 newSMEprogrammewaslaunchedin2001,thenumberofSMEsinvolvedhasalmostdouFlemishsubsidiesfortechnologicalresearchandinnovationintenyears.OnlyoneyearaftertheIn2003,theIWTmanagesavolumeofsubsidiesof236.8millionEUR,thelargestgrowthin10animportantpartyinthepolicyoninnovationisrevealedbythefactthatinthespaceofThefactthattheIWTFlandersbecameanessentialinstrumentforFlemisheconomicpolicyassinceitwasestablishedhavebeenincreasedandreformulatedandarestillcontinuingtogrow.R&Dforcompanies.Thetasksandactionsforwhichtheinstitutehasbeenresponsibleforinthemiddleof2001,onceagainbecametheonlyplaceinFlanderstoprovidesubsidiesforbeenrenamedthe“InstituteforPromotingInnovationbyScienceandTechnologyinFlanders”bytheimplementationoftheinnovationdecree.TheIWT,whichhadalreadybeenofficiallyDuringthelastfewyears,thetechnicalinnovationpolicyhasbeenalmostcompletelyredrawnyears:•thevolumeofsubsidyincreasedfivefold–from42.14millionEURin1992,to198.3millionEURin2002;•thenumberofindustrialclientshasincreasedbyafactorofmorethanten.Inthepasttenyearsabout2,400projectshavebeensubsidisedandmorethan1,000specialisationgrantshavebeenawarded.Altogethermorethan1billionEURoffundshavebeenallocated;•thesubsidymeasuresweresimplifiedandmaximisedsothatthesubsidiesbecameevenmoreattractiveforcompanies;•aspecificprogrammewasdrawnupforSMEs,focusingonlessinnovativecompanies,andnumerousmeasureswereintroducedtostimulateinnovation;•importantfundswereallocatedtoprojectsforgenericbasicresearchatuniversitiesandfordoctoralspecialisationgrantsandpostdoctoralresearchmandates;•astheIWTwasnolongerabletocarryoutitstasksfromBrusselsonitsown,andneedsaclose-knitFlemishnetworkofactorsandintermediariesininnovationwhocooperatetogetherandreferpartiesonappropriately,thefundingdecisionforsubsidiesforFlemishInnovativeCooperativeVentureswasdrawnup:thisistheso-calledVISdecision;•theFlemishInstitutesofHigherEducationhavealsobecomeimportantplayersfortheanticipatedincreaseintechnology.Since1997,approximately100projectshavebeensupportedbytheHOBUfund.ThesefocusparticularlyonthetransferofknowledgetoSMEs.Morethan700SMEs(aswellas300largecompaniesandotherorganisations)weredirectlyinvolvedinthisthrough“usercommissions”;•asaresultofthischangedcontext,thestructureoftheorganisationoftheIWTwasalsomodified–bothatthescientificandtechnicallevel,andinthefieldofgeneralcompanymanagement.Theteamofpersonnelexpandedanddoubledto108.5FTE. ChapterIV.2–231

earlieranalysisinthisInformationGuideisbasedonthe2001reportofIWTactivities,butalsoonThisisrevealedbytheanalysisofexpenditureshownbelowfortheperiod1992-2001.Theandbled–furthermore,therewasmorethanatwofoldincreaseinthenumberofcasesthemselves,thisnumberisstillgrowing.reportsandanalyses,aspublishedinthe2001InformationGuide. 1.Overall Summary 1992-2001.(withregardtotheactualallocationsforprojects)revealsthefollowingpicturefortheperiodThetotalvolumeofsubsidiesmanagedadministratively,andintermsofcontentbytheIWT Table 1.Evolution of the overall project-based volume of subsidies in mln. EUR/per year 1992-1996 19971998199920002001 R&D andTechnologySpecialisationprojects58.3873.36254.864121.53783.939100.512(*)grants6.98615.02515.80616.62617.20418.247transferotherprojects3.3148.70415.15414.51532.72417.243 Subtotal68.73897.09185.824152.677133.867136.002 Operating funds IWT4.9457.5667.5368.5928.8609.579 TOTAL73.683104.65793.360161.269142.727145.581 *of which 77.861 million EUR is subsidies for business 159.734Altogether,theactualprojectsubsidyforthetechnologicalinnovationpolicyamountedtoThetiveexpenseofthebudgetPr.71.3–BA99.11–ActionsforTechnologicalinnovationontheinitia-wellastheco-fundingofEFROprojects),togetheraccountingfor23.732millionEUR(atthein2001(e-VRT,anddemonstrationprojectforinnovativeelectronicinformationservices,asInaddition,theGovernmentofFlandershadalreadyapprovedanumberoflarge-scaleprojectsprojectsoftheGovernmentofFlanders).taskoftheIWTwaslimitedmainlytoadministrativetasksandmanagingthebudget.millionEURinthepolicybudgets. 2.Overallsummaryofthesubsidiesforresearchanddevelopment The “Research and Development Subsidies” specifically comprise the following action lines; • R&Dprojectsofcompanies,submittedontheirowninitiative,ineverysectorofindustry; • thresholdsspecifictypesofprojectsforSMEs,withflexibleprocessingproceduresaimedatlowering(theso-calledSMEapproach); • ITEA,projectssubmittedinthecontextofEUREKA,andso-called“Clusters”suchasMEDEA+,PIDEAandEURIMUS; • projects in the “Flemish Aviation Action Programme” (VAL); • Generic Basic Research at the Universities (GBOU); • the research portfolio of the collective centres; • specialisation grants for doctorate students; • scientific-technologicalresearchmandates,submittedbyresearchersontheirowninitiative,inthecontextofresearchatthepostdoctorallevel; • programmes coming to an end. ChapterIV.2–232

below.anddevelopment.ThedistributionacrossthedifferentsubsidymeasuresisshowninthetableInthepastoperatingyear,atotalof118.8millionEURwasallocatedtosubsidiesforresearch Table 2.Division of the subsidies over the various subsidy measures in 2001 Lines of ActionSubsidies in EURO R&D projects on companies’ own initiative38,204,048 SME CollectiveFlemishEUREKA-PIDEA852,491EUREKA-ITEA1,814,881EUREKA-MEDEA+28,106,814EUREKA1,830,188ResearchProgramme(*)5,105,624mandates(OZM)815,234aviationactionprogramme1,304,582research2,200,948 Total at the expense of the credit lines “Subsidies on the initiative of businesses and innovative cooperative ventures” and “Subsidies for innovation on the initiative of the Government of Flanders” 80,234,810 SpecialisationGBOU20,277,690grants(SB)18,247,199 GENERAL TOTAL:118,759,699 2001.researchinstitutesasreceiversofsubsidiesactuallyincreasedinabsoluteandrelativetermsinisontothepreviousSTWWprogrammein2000,sothattheshareoftheuniversitiesandattributedtothefactthatthebudgetoftheGBOUprogrammewasalmostdoubledincomparslightlyby1.1millionEURin2001.Therelativereductionofindustrialsubsidiescouldbewith2000,whileintermsofabsolutefigures,thesubsidyreceivedbycompaniesincreasedAsfigure1shows,63%ofthesubsidyisallocatedtocompanies,areductionof7%comparedandThedivisionofthesubsidyaccordingtotheapplicant(whoisresponsibleforthevalorisation)(*):includingremainingSMEfeasibilityandSMEInnovationProjects,before16/3/2001andinaccordancewithsubsidymodalitieswhichhavenowbeenreplaced.accordingtothepartiescarryingouttheresearch,isshowninthefigures1and2below. ChapterIV.2–233 Figure 1.Subsidy division according to applicant (incl. IWT specialisation grants)

theresearchinstitutes–inviewofthefactthatthedifferencebetweenthesubsidyappliedforandtheresearch,anditisparticularlythelargecompanieswhichcooperatewithuniversitiesandshareofuniversitiesthatincreaseswhenthesubsidyisdividedintermsofthepartycarryingoutrevealsthat52%oftheresearchiscarriedoutbythecompaniesthemselves.ItisparticularlytheFigure2showsthedivisionofthesubsidiesintermsoftheentitycarryingouttheresearch,andexecutionoftheresearchamountsto9%.ForSMEsitisonly2%. 3.R&Dontheinitiativeofcompanies(excludingtheSMEprogramme) research.becomesapparentthatthelargemajorityoftheapplicationsarecharacterisedasmixedwithoutanindicationoftheprojecttypeappliedfor.ItisonlyafteranevaluationthatitTraditionallythemajorityofindustrialprojectsaresubmittedasindustrialbasicresearchorInpreviousyear,theamountofthesubsidyawardedwasapproximately20%lowerthanin2000.Despitethefactthatin2001,virtuallythesamenumberofapplicationswasapprovedasinthecontrastwith2000,nomegaprojectsweresubmittedbycompaniesin2001. ChapterIV.2–234 Figure 2.Subsidydivisionaccordingtopartyexecutingtheproject(incl.IWTspecialisationgrants) Table 3.Summary of the subsidy allocated per type of project (in KEUR). TOTAL24,635.025,414.942,671.035,136.138,662.341,620.846,798.937,626.8researchPrototypeMixedresearchIndustrialTYPE19941995199619971998199920002001basic9,306.113,040.615,169.18,562.412,185.811,511.64,674.94,552.8research10,751.88,217.023,364.323,739.120,735.325,516.734,035.830,420.04,577.14,157.34,137.62,834.65,741.24,592.58,088.22,654.0

Finally, figure 3 shows the division of subsidies allocated in terms of the field of technology. 4.The SME Programme nature,portingactivitiesconsiderednecessaryforinnovation,possiblyalsoofanon-technologicalInaddition,therangeofactivitieswhichcouldbesubsidisedwasexpandedwithvarioussupofvaluefortechnologicalknowledgeisalsoeligibleforsubsidy.Researchintoorthedevelopmentintelligentapplicationofexistingtechnologyforachievinginnovationwithrelevantaddedtivesimplification.Atthesametime,theselectioncriteriaweregreatlymodified.AcreativeandFortheimplementationoftheSMEprogramme,specialattentionwasdevotedtoadministrayears.ofFlandersallocatedasumofalmost20millionEURtothisprogramme,spreadovertwotionwithcompaniesandpromotethe“one-stop”functionofIWTFlanders.TheGovernmentjectsandSMEFeasibilitystudies.ThiswasintendedtoachieveamoretransparentcommunicaSMEs.ThisreplacedtheformersubsidymeasuressuchasKIV,MKB,SMEInnovationproInMarch2001,IWTFlanderslaunchedanewprogrammetostimulateinnovationinFlemishnewtechnologiesisnolongernecessaryinitself.suchasthestudyofuser,marketandpatentingaspects. ChapterIV.2–235 Table 4.Summary of the subsidy allocated per type of project (number of man years). TOTAL598.00717.241,149.37925.30976.741,123.081,302.50980.50researchPrototypeMixedresearchIndustrialTYPE19941995199619971998199920002001basic199.00323.63384.96213.02269.31230.5893.08102.67research266.00238.90621.38608.44584.45731.08954.92774.50133.00154.71143.03103.84122.98161.42254.50103.33 Figure 3.Subsidy according to technology domain

public,inwhichallSMEspreparedtobeinnovative(evenwithoutanexplicitR&DdepartWiththenewSMEprogramme,theGovernmentofFlandersinthiswaytargetsabroaderSMESMETheSMEProgrammeincludestwotypesofprojects,viz.theSMEInnovationstudiesandtheInnovationprojects.•SMEInnovationstudiesfocusonthepreparatoryacquisitionofknowledgewiththeaimoffindingoutwhetherandhowinnovationcanbeachieved.ThissortofstudycanconsisteitherofthoroughadvicebyaninformationcentrerecognisedbyIWTFlanders,totheSME(type1)orofstudyactivitiesmainlycarriedoutbytheSMEitself(type2)orofstudiescarriedoutbytheSMEitself,withthenecessaryandsubstantialcontributionofthirdparties(type3).ThesubsidyforSMEInnovationstudiesamountsto60%ofthestudycosts–withamaximumof5,000EURfortype1,15,000EURfortype2and25,000EURfortype3.•SMEInnovationprojectsfocusontheconcreterealisationofaninnovationwhichrequiresatechnologicalsolutionandthegatheringoftheexpertisenecessaryforthis.Thesubsidyamountsto35%oftheacceptedprojectcosts,withaceilingofamaximumof500,000EUR.Optionally,theSMEcanapplyforadditionalprefinancing,uptoamaximumof80%oftheacceptedprojectcostswithabackdatedloan.mentorbackground)canbetargetedandstimulatedtoadoptaninnovativeapproach.Withregardtothenumberofprojectproposals,theSMEprogrammehasdevelopedinlessthanoneyeartobecomethelargestprogrammeinIWTFlanders–apartfromthespecialisationgrants.Atotalsumof3.794millionEURofsubsidyhadalreadybeenallocatedin2001.IfthevolumeofsubsidyforSMEFeasibilitystudiesandSMEInnovationprojectsdealtwithinthatyearisaddedtothevolumeofsubsidyoftheSMEProgramme,thesubsidiesallocatedincreasedto5.105millionEUR.Atotalof171applicationswereprocessed.Therewasalsoasignificantincreaseofnolessthan88%,to220applications,inthenumberofapplicationsforapreliminarydiscussion,followingtheintroductionofthenewProgramme. ChapterIV.2–236 Table 5.Distribution of the applications in terms of type of project in the SME Programme. Project type Already dealt with 31/12/2000on mittedSubin2001 Dealtwithin2001 Still being dealt with 31/12/01on Positive Nega-tive Not accepted or withdrawn Resubmitted(*) Subsidy(EUR)catedallo projectInnovation(Eureka) 03301110159,896 projectInnovation 072531926918102,763,762 studyInnovationtype1 0141401031043,984 studyInnovationtype2 138281016842229,511 studyInnovationtype3 TOTAL018213943782734203,794,0240554114256108596,871(*):numberoffileswithdrawn,wherearequestwasmadetoreformulateandresubmittheproposal

TheoftheEUREKAcontext.In2001,theseweresimplifiedfollowingadecisionoftheGovernmentIWTFlandersprovidesattractivesubsidymodalitiestopromoteinternationalcooperationinfinanciallycountry.FlemishindustrialpartnersandresearchinstitutescooperatingwiththemcanbepartnersinaprojectisallocatedviathecompetentgovernmentofeachindividualparticipatingThenetworkgivesprojectsthatareapprovedtheEUREKAlabel.FinancialsupportfortheAEUREKAprojectalwaysinvolvesatleasttwopartnersfromtwodifferentmemberstates.memberket-orientedindustrialResearchandDevelopment.TheEUREKAnetworkcomprises31EUREKAisaninitiativetopromoteinternationalcooperationatthelevelofappliedandmar-statesandtheEuropeanUnion.supportedthroughtheIWTFlandersfortheirshareintheEUREKAproject.Flandersandturnedintoauniformsupplementof10%oftheacceptedcosts.EUREKAprogrammemakesadistinctionbetween:•projectswhichdeveloponthebasisoftheso-called“bottom-up”approach:onthefreeinitiativeofacompany(orresearchinstitute)whichactsasthecoordinatorwithafreechoiceoftopicandcompositionoftheconsortium.Theseprojectsareeachgivenanindividuallabelofrecognition.ThedescriptionsofthelabelledprojectsandtheconsortiumsconcernedarepublicisedonadatabasewhichisaccessiblethroughtherecentlyupdatedEUREKAwebsite(http//www.eureka.be).•theEUREKAClusterprojects(MEDEA+,ITEA,PIDEAandEURIMUS).TheseareindustrialR&Dprogrammesforseveralyears,initiatedandmanagedbyEuropeancompaniesinspecificfieldsofinformationandtelecommunicationtechnology.EachoftheseclustersimplementstheR&Dprogrammeviatheinitiativeof“subprojects”.

ChapterIV.2–237 Table 6.Distribution of the applications in terms of the previous SME project types* Already dealt with 31/12/2000on inmittedSub2001 inDealtwith2001 Still being dealt with 31/12/01on RVB+ RVB Not accepted or withdrawn Subsidy allo cated (EUR) SME projectInnovation 121122114171,302,448 SME studiesFeasibility TOTAL1914321202101,383,3527310061380.903*BeforetheintroductionoftheSMEProgramme,therewereanumberofregulations:SMEFeasibilitystudiesandInnovationprojects,theSME-Innovation-Flandersregulation(KIV),theMKBProgrammewithEFROsupportforareascoveredbyobjectives2and3b.

5.Research mandates toted.Ofthe16applicationsdealtwith(onedatedfrom2000),9wereapproved,whichamountsdoctorallevel.Thiswasafallof32%comparedwith2000,when22applicationsweresubmit-In2001,therewere15researchapplications,i.e.applicationsforgrantsforresearchatthepost-asuccessrateof56%. 6.EUREKA

7.EUREKA projects

8.EUREKA-MEDEA+

Infoprogramme,documentationandparticipation: projectsubsidyof24.8millionEUR.ThedivisionofthesubsidyintermsofthepartycarryingouttheIn2001,13Flemishprojectswereincludedofwhich12wereapproved,foratotalvolumeofwww.medea.org.fortheapplicationsapprovedin2001isshowninthetablebelow. Table 7.Division of subsidy by applicant TYPE PROJECTOF SHARE OF (millionBUSINESSESLARGEEUR) SHARE OF UNIVS & (millionOZIEUR) (millionTOTALEUR) MEDEA+ 18.2 6.6 24.8 Share of research institutes in the subsidy envelope:26.6% Average budget per project:4.1 Average number of partners per project (only within Flanders):2 ChapterIV.2–238

representing368millionEUR,dividedoverinternationalconsortiums.TheprojectsofFlemishcompanies,InthewholeofMEDEA+approximately40projectsarebeingexecutedwithatotalbudgetofticularlyFlanders.EUREKAisaninstrumenttoexpandthescaleofresearchtoaEuropeanlevel–parmentofscaleinresearchandinindustry.Thisclearlyhasanimpactontheregionalprojectsinregionorcountry.Thisisthelogicalconsequenceoftheincreasingtrendtowardsanenlarge-Thenecessarycompetencesforresearchandexploitationarelessandlessoftenfoundinasingleandnologies,specificapplicationtechnologies(automobileandsmartcards),designtechnologiesbuiltuparoundsixkeycompetences:multimediachip-settechnologies,communicationtech-EuropeanR&Dprojectsinmicroelectronicsandinformationtechnology.Theprogrammeis31/12/2008.MEDEA+isbasedonthelargeelectronicsgroupsinEuropeandcomprisesousEuropean“projects”andacquiredtheEUREKAlabelfortheperiod1/1/2001-MEDEA+(Micro-electronicsDevelopmentforEuropeanApplications)iscomposedofvari-libraries,CMOSprocesstechnologiesandplatformsandICproductiontechniques.insectorswheretheadvantagesofscaleareneeded.33.8millionEUR,arepartoftheseprojects.

platform.EUREKAclusters,FlanderscontinuestobeprominentlyrepresentedonthisinternationalWitharelativelyhighnumberofEUREKAprojectsandahighlevelcontributioninthemainlyoperateinsmallercooperativeventures(manybilateralprojects)withlowerbudgets.numberofinitiativesbylargecompanies.ThisiscompensatedbyproposalsfromSMEswhichemergedintheEUREKAnetworkonaninternationalscaleinrecentyears,viz.adeclineinthethevolumeofsubsidyhashalved,comparedtothisaverage.ThisillustratesatrendwhichhasalsooneSMEInnovationproject(SMEProgramme),wasequaltothefive-yearaverage.However,In2001,thenumberofprojectsthatwassubsidised,viz.sixresearchprojects(EUREKA)andprojects.fairlyconstantsince1995,andamountedtoanaverageof3.5millionEUR,dividedovereightTheannualvolumeofsubsidyfromIWTFlanderstoFlemishEUREKApartnershasbeen

tionstheMEDEA+subsidy.ThissubsidyallowsthepartnerstomakerelevantstrategiccontribuEuropeanpartners.With9.13%,FlanderscertainlydoesaccountforasignificantproportionofFigure4outlinesthepositionoftheFlemishMEDEA+contributioncomparedtotheother(FTE)assessedasbeingmixedresearch.Theprogrammesupportstheemploymentof406man-yearsTheaveragesubsidypercentageamountstoapproximately46%,andtheprojectsaremainlyuptotheendof2003.totheprogrammesothatithasabynomeansunimportantposition. ChapterIV.2–239 Figure 4.Subsidy share of the participating countries in MEDEA + (2001) Figure 5.Contract subsidy in MEDEA + projects (2001) according to the key competences

9.EUREKA/ITEA “TechnologynextEuropeaninvitationforproposalshasalreadybeenrunningsince2002withthenameparticipation.Onehasalreadyresultedinanapplicationforsubsidy.ThepreparationfortheAttheEuropeanlevel,11projectproposalswereformulatedofwhich3includeFlemishresearchIn2001,2projectswerepositivelyassessedforavolumeofsubsidyof1.8millionEUR,withupdevelopmentprocesses.A“TechnologyRoadmaponSoftwareIntensiveSystems”wasdrawntionandservices,informationprocessing(“content”),multimodaluserinterfacesandsoftwareberofcompetenceshavepriority:advancedmultimedia,communication,distributedinformaWithregardtocontent,ITEAfocussedonthe“embeddedsystemssoftware”,inwhichanumeightyearsfromJuly1999.ThelargeITsystembuildersinEuropetooktheinitiativeforthis.consistingofanumberofEuropean“projects”.ItacquiredtheEUREKAlabelforaperiodofITEA(InformationTechnologyforEuropeanAdvancement)isalsoaEuropeanclusterprojectinthecourseof2001tobeusedasthebasicdocumentforfutureITEAprojects.effortsrepresenting33.6manyears.RoadmaponSoftwareIntensiveSystems”. Infoprogramme,documentation(includingthe“Roadmap”),participation: www.itea-office.org 10.EUREKA-PIDEA PIDEA,mately400millionEURspreadoverfiveyears.In2001,twoprojectsweresupportedinEUREKAclusterprogrammewhichacquireditslabelin1999withatotalbudgetofapproxi-PIDEA(PackagingandInterconnectionDevelopmentforEuropeanApplications)isarepresentingasumof0.85millionEUR. 11.Flemish Aviation Action Programme (VAL) Programmeprogramme(Airbus)andthepreparationofthecooperationagreementfortheA380addition,theIWTwasmaderesponsiblefortheimplementationofthesubsidyfortheA340programmescaninfuturebesupportedasprototype/development(25%+10%ifSME).Injects.“Launchingprocesses”intendedasparticipationininternationaldevelopmentjects”willreceive10%extrasubsidycomparedwiththebasicR&Dsubsidyforindustrialprofieldsofactionshouldbeextendedinfuturetoairandspacetravel.Infuture,“qualificationpronewmeasurewasimplementedinthespringof2002.Oneessentialaspectsofthiswasthattheresultsofthisstudy,anewprogrammeofinnovationstimulationwasdrawnuplastyear.Thesidiesforinnovation,andtodrawupappropriatefundinginstruments.OnthebasisoftheIWTwascommissionedtodrawupaninventoryoftheindustrialrequirementsintermsofsubInordertodevelopamorefuture-orientedpolicyoptionwithregardtoairandspacetravel,theasbesubmittedwhichcouldleadtotheparticipationinaninternationalaviationprogrammesuchoneprojectforatotalvolumeofsubsidyof1.3millionEUR.InthisprogrammeprojectscanTheFlemishAviationActionProgrammewhichbecameoperationalin1999hassupportedAirbus.(Airbus). ChapterIV.2–240

12.Generic Basic Research at the universities (GBOU) world,economicorsociallevel.OneofthebasicobjectivesistoserveasabridgebetweentheresearchtegictechnologicalresearchofwhichtheresultswilleventuallyresultinclearaddedvalueattheInthecontextoftheGBOUprogramme,Flemishresearchgroupscansubmitprojectsforstraontheonehand,andtheeconomyandsociety,ontheotherhand. TheGBOcallforproposals2000-2001 industrialthesearecompaniescarryingoutresearchprojectsthemselvesandwhichhavealsosubmittedprogramme.The15projectswhicharesupportedinvolve104organisationsasusers.MostofThismeetstheintended“bridgefunction”–oneofthebasicobjectivesoftheGBOUmoreattentiontothecontinueddevelopmentofnetworkswitheconomicandsocialparties.Inaddition,theGBOUcallforproposalswasaclearincentiveforresearchgroupstodevoteinstitution.posalssubmittedcomprisecooperationbetweenresearchteamsacrosstheboundariesofthe(interuniversity,multidisciplinary,multipartner).Approximatelytwothirdsoftheprojectprogenericprojectswithasufficientcriticalmassandwithrelevantbottom-upcooperationGBOUprogramme(uptoapproximately2millionEUR)inordertoallowsufficientroomforthepolicyvisionoftheGovernmentofFlanderstoacceptprojectswithalargerscopeintheThesubsidyamountedtoanaverageof1.3millionEURperproject.ThisisinaccordancewithsupportDirectorsoftheIWTFlanders,theGovernmentofFlandersdecidedon12October2001tothisof20.2millionEUR,undertheSciencePolicybudget.OntheadviceoftheBoardoftheGBOUcallforproposalsfor2000-2001.AnenvelopehadbeenprovidedinthebudgetforOn1December2000,theGovernmentofFlanderscommissionedIWTFlanderstoorganise15projectsinthecontextofthiscallforproposals.projectstotheIWTFlanders. GBOUcallforproposals2002: subsidiesreserveprojects.Infact,withtheinitialbudgets,itwasonlypossibletoactuallyfund16%ofthesupport.Attheendof2002,theGovernmentofFlandersdecidedtosupport6additionalwhichfallsundertheSciencePolicybudget.TheelevenprojectsatthetopofthelistreceivedGBOUcallforproposalswithanenvelopeinthebudgetamountingto16.8millionEUR,Inthe2002financialyear,theIWTFlanderswasagainentrustedwiththeorganisationofanewrequested–thiswasonly45%oftheprojectsselectedasbeingofahighquality. 13.Collective research totalbudgetof13.5millionEUR.Flanders’owncontributionamountedtoatotalof2.2milishRegioncontributedto29projects(afterconsultationwiththeothergovernments),withamittedittotheexperts,sothat45projectsweredealtwithintotal.Inthisportfolio,theFlemoneprojectfromtheportfolioofprenormativeprojectsduringtheevaluationround,andsubofallthegovernmentstogetherof10.5millionEUR.Subsequently,theIWTFlandersselectedelevencentres–foratotalbudgetofapproximately21.1millionEUR,orarequestedsubsidyFortheportfolioof2001,44applicationsweresubmittedundertheregionalcompetencesbyment).ontheotherhand,itconcernsR&Dprojects(co-fundedbytheregionsandthefederalgovernonehand,thisconcernsprenormativeprojects(fundedonlybythefederalgovernment),andateinthecontextofjointsubsidiesprovidedbythefederalgovernmentandtheregions.Onthethesupportfortechnologicaladvisoryservices,thecentresforcollectiveresearchcanalsooperInadditiontotheparticipationasapartnerinprojectsofcompaniesontheirowninitiative,and ChapterIV.2–241

textFrom2003,theportfolioofresearchprojectsofcollectivecentreswillbedealtwithintheconcollectiveFigure7revealsthedistributionoftheFlemishsubsidiesforresearchprojectsofthedifferentFigureapproximatelyTheshareofFlandersisstagnatinginthefundingasawhole–althoughitstillaccountsfortrendjectsthatweresubmittedconcerncooperationbetweenthecentresthemselves,whichisaclearcantlyhigherlevelafteraminimumin1999(37applications).ItshouldbenotedthatfiveproThenumberofapplications,aswellasthesubsidyappliedfor,onceagainreachedasignifikeys,thefundingbytheregions.ThecontributionsweredividedinaccordancewiththedistributionlionEUR,or32.6%ofthetotalgovernmentfunding(includingthefederallevel)and63%ofonthebasisoftheregionalimportanceofthesector.incomparisonwithpreviousyears.Fourofthesefiveprojectswereapproved.onethirdofthetotalgovernmentfunding.6revealstheevolutionoftheFlemishsubsidiesbetween1996and2001.centresfor1999,2000and2001.oftheVISdecision. ChapterIV.2–242 Figure 6.Evolution of the Flemish subsidy for collective research

14.The specialisation grants of the IWT describedFigure9showsthemostimportanttrendsforeachdisciplinefrom1994,whichcanbefromEURcomparedto2001,to17.2millionEUR.Figure8illustratestheevolutionofthegrantsThegrantfortheIWTspecialisationgrantswasincreasedinthebudgetof2002by128,900unchangedduresfortheapplicationsforthesecondinstalments(basedontwoselectioncriteria)remainedforthefirstinstalment(basedonfourselectioncriteria)andtheevaluationandselectionprocecialisationgrantsfortheeighthsuccessiveyear.TheevaluationprocedurefortheapplicationsIn2001,theIWTFlandersorganisedevaluationsessionstoevaluatetheapplicationsforspesincethespringof1997.1994,showingasignificantincreasebetween1994and1999.asfollows:•Afterastrongdeclineupto1995,thebio(techno)logists(whorepresentedmorethan1/3ofalltheIWTbursariesin1986),areclearlydoingbetteragain.Likethethreepreviousyears,theyhaveundoubtedlymadethegreatestprogresscomparedwiththeotherdisciplines.Thenumberofbursariesincreasedthisyearfrom110to127,sothattheycurrentlyaccountforalmost21%ofthewholepopulationofbursaries.Thesegoodresultscanonlypartlybeexplainedbythegreatincreaseinthenumberofapplications(1998:biotechnologists,and1999:biologists).Since2000,thenumberofapplicationsfromthebio(techno)logicalsectorappearstohavestabilisedataround100. ChapterIV.2–243 Figure 7.Division of the Flemish subsidy over the collective centres

ChapterIV.2–244 Figure 8.Subsidies for the specialisation grants (1994 - 2002) Figure 9.Evolution of the specialisation grants per discipline in the period 1994-2001

• (3.3%)doctoratestudentsinthemedicalsciences(8.7%),physicists(4.3%)andpharmacistsincreasinglylargedifferentiationinthepopulationofourbursaries.Intheremaininggroup,remainingdisciplinesaccountfor23%oftheIWTbursariesthisyear.Thisrevealsantogetheraccountformorethanthreequartersofthetotalnumberofbursaries,theDespitethefactthatcivilengineers,bio(techno)logists,(bio)chemists,andbioengineersarethemostimportantintermsofquality. bursariesbetween1994and2001.ThisshowsthatonlytheRUGandtheVUBincreasedthenumberofFigure11outlinestheevolutionoftheIWTbursarypopulationsattheFlemishuniversitiesthisyear.Fortheindividualuniversities,thefollowingconclusionsweredrawn:•ThesystematicincreaseoftheRUGshareofIWTbursariessince1991hasresultedinagrowthof2.8%(23applicants)thisyear.Forthefirsttimesince1990,theRUGisrepresentedmorestronglythantheCatholicUniversityofLeuven.Infact,comparedtolastyear,thenumberofRUGapplicationsincreasedcorrespondingly.•ThedecliningtrendwhichhascharacterisedtheCatholicUniversityofLeuvensince1999continuedwithoutchangelastyear.Withalossof14bursaries(-3.5%)in2001,theshareofthisuniversityfellbelow2/5oftheIWTbursarypopulationforthefirsttimeintwelveyears.ThisisundoubtedlylinkedtothedeclineintheinterestofthestudentsoftheCatholicUniversityofLeuveninanIWTgrant,whichwasactuallyalsonotedlastyear. the Flemish universities

• Theystrikingincrease–bothwithregardtoapplicantsandwithregardtothenumberofbursaries.Forcivilengineers,thedeclinewhichtookplacebetween1995and2000turnedintoaonceagainaccountformorethan1/5ofallIWTbursaries.

• applicationsaccountedfor17.2%in2001.Infact,therehasbeenasystematicdeclineinthenumberofdeclinesincethattime.Thisamountedto3unitsthisyear(or–1%),sothattheirshare1999theyactuallyrepresentedalmost21%ofthispopulation.However,therehasbeenaengineersgraduallybutsystematicallyincreasedtheirIWTsharebetween1994and1999.InIncontrastwiththesinusoidalpatternforbursariesintheabove-mentioneddisciplines,bio-since1996.

• betweenIWTgrantforthisgroup.Thenumberofbiochemiststhatappliedforagrantdiddoublethedisciplines.Thisstrikingdeclineisundoubtedlyrelatedtothegreatfallininterestinanrevealsthatbothinabsoluteterms(–11)andin%terms(–2.4%),theydeclinedmostofall1992,systematicallylostgroundandactuallyaccountforapproximately18%thisyear.ThisThegroupof(bio)chemistswhoaccountedformorethan40%ofthenumberofbursariesin1997and2000,buthasalsodeclinedthisyear.

Evolutionacrosstheuniversities:

ChapterIV.2–245 Figure 10.Distribution of the specialisation grants over

(2001-2002)

• theperformanceofthelasttwoyears.Withanincreaseof8bursaries(+1.1%),itisincreasingTheshareoftheVUBappearstoberecoveringin2001,followingtheratherdisappointingnumberofIWTdoctoratestudentsto52. • The number of IWT bursaries at the UA and LUC remained identical to that of last year. ChapterIV.2–246 Figure 11.EvolutionofthespecialisationgrantsovertheFlemishuniversitiesintheperiod1994-2001

APPENDIX2APPENDIX1 247 APPENDICES1–2 “De Teniersplaats”, 1878 Henri De Braekeleer (KMSKA photograph)

APPENDIX1 List of abbreviations Appendix1 AGMWAdministratie Gezin en Maatschappelijk Welzijn (Family and Social Welfare AMINABELAfdelingAdministration)AlgemeenMilieu- en Natuurbeleid (General Environment and Nature Policy Division) AMINALAdministratie Milieu, Natuur-, Land- en Waterbeheer (Environment, Nature, Land and Water Management Administration) ANREAfdeling Natuurlijke Rijkdommen en Energie (Natural Resources and Energy APSAdministratieDivision)Planning en Statistiek (Planning and Statistics AROHMAdministratieAdministration)Ruimtelijke Ordening, Huisvesting, Monumenten en Landschappen (Town and Country Planning, Housing, Monuments and Sites AWIAdministratieAdministration)Wetenschap en Innovatie (Science and Innovation AWPAlgemeenAdministration)Waterzuiveringsprogramma (General Water Treatment AWZAdministratieProgram) Waterwegen en Zeewezen (Waterways and Marine Affairs AZFDepartementAdministration)Algemene Zaken en Financiën (General Affairs and Finance BILBelgischBAMABachelor-MasterBABasisallocatieDepartment)(BasicAllocation)InstituutvoorLastechniek (Belgian Welding Institute) BOFBijzonder Onderzoeksfonds (Special Research Fund) BPBudget Programme BRONVlaams Insitutuut voor het Onroerend Cultureel Erfgoed (Flemish Institute for the Architectural Cultural Heritage) BWKBiologische Waarderingskaart (Biological Valuation map) CBGSCentrum voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudiën (Centre for Population and Family Studies) CFSCommissie voor Federale Samenwerking (Federal Cooperation CISCommissieCommission)Internationale Samenwerking (International Cooperation Commission) Appendix1–249

Ontwikkelingsmaatschappij (Regional Development

FWOFonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders)

CLECentrum voor Landbouweconomie (Centre for Agricultural

DABDienst met Afzonderlijk Beheer (Separate Management Service)

CRESTScientific and Technical Research Committee

F.T.IFlanders Technology International

GMOGrote en Middelgrote Ondernemingen (Large and Medium-sized

IAPInstituutEducation)voor

Landbouwkundig Onderzoek (Agricultural Research COODepartementCentre)

GISGeografischeCompany)InformatieSysteem

HOBUHoger Onderwijs Buiten de Universiteit (Non-University Higher

Appendix1–250

Technologies

Aangelegenheden en Landbouw (Economics, Employment, Home Affairs and Agriculture Department)

COSTEuropean Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research

EWBLDepartement

FFEUFinancieringsfonds voor Schuldafbouw en Eenmalige

ICTInformationManagement)andCommunication

Appropriations on Outlays for R&D

HIVAHoger Instituut voor de Arbeid (Higher Institute of Labour Studies)

HBPWBHorizontaal

DWTCFederale Diensten voor Wetenschappelijke, Technische en Culturele aangelegenheden (Federal Departments for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Regional Development

Coördinatie (Coordination Department)

EMISEnergie- en Milieu Informatiesysteem (Energy and Environment Information System)

ESAEuropean Space Agency

(Geographical Information System)

(Regional Nature Development

het Archeologisch Patrimonium (Institute for the Archaeological Heritage)

GBOUGenerisch Basisonderzoek aan de Universiteiten (General basic research at the GIMVGewestelijkeuniversities)Investeringsmaatschappij

Investeringsuitgaven (Financing Fund for one-off investment

ESFEuropean Social Fund EUEuropean Union

FIOVFondsexpenditure)totbevordering

Begrotingsprogramma Wetenschapsbeleid (Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy)

GNOPGewestelijkEnterprises)Natuurontwikkelingsplan

CLOCentrumEconomics)voor

IBWInstituut voor Bosbouw en Wildbeheer (Institute for Forestry and Game

ERDFEuropeanMatters)Fundfor

Vlaanderen (Flanders Regional Investment

EUREKAEuropean Research Coordination Agency

GOVERDGovernmentAgency)

van het Industrieel Onderzoek in Vlaanderen (Fund for the Promotion of Industrial Research in Flanders)

Economie, Werkgelegenheid, Binnenlandse

GOMGewestelijkePlan)

INInstituut voor Natuurbehoud (Institute of Nature Conservation)

Leefmilieu en Infrastructuur (Environment and Infrastructure Department)

ITInformatie Technology (Information Technology)

IUBInteruniversitaire Begeleidingsgroep (Interuniversity Supervision

MEDEAMicro-Electronics

MIRAMilieu- en Natuurrapport Vlaanderen (Environment and Nature Report

Informatietechnologie (Information Technology Action

KIVKMO-Innovatie-Vlaanderen (SME – Innovation Flanders)

Vlaamse Academie van België voor Wetenschappen en Kunsten (Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Sciences and Arts)

INESInternational

ITEAInformationProgramme)Technology

R&DResearch and Development E&TEducation and Training

for European Advancement

KMOKleine en Middelgrote Ondernemingen (Small and Medium-sized

the analysis and comparison of scientific programmes and NACEStatistischebudgetsnomenclatuur

Development for European Application

MERMilieuEffectRapport (Environmental Effect Report)

IOBVlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Ontwikkelingsbeleid en –beheer (Institute of Development Policy and Management)

JESSIJoint European Submicron Silicon Initiative

NODNederlandse Onderzoek Databank (Dutch Research Database)

MINA-FundMilieu –en Natuurfonds (Environment and Nature Fund)

LUCLimburgs Universitair Centrum (Limburg University Centre)

Appendix1–251

IESInstituut voor Europese Studieën (Institute for European Studies)

ITGInstituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde – “Prins Leopold” (Institute of Tropical Medicine – “Prins Leopold”)

KULeuvenKatholieke Universiteit Leuven (Catholic University of Louvain)

KVABKoninklijke

IMECInteruniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum (Interuniversity MicroElectronics Centre)

IWTInstituut voor de aanmoediging van Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie in Vlaanderen (Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders)

IWETOInventarisGroup) van het Wetenschappelijk en Technologisch Onderzoek (Inventory of Scientific and Technological Research)

KMDAKoninklijke

ITAActieprogramma

Indicators of Education System

Maatschappij voor Dierkunde te Antwerpen (Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp)

voor Schonen Kunsten – Antwerpen (Royal Museum of Fine Arts – Antwerp)

van de economische activiteiten in de Europese Unie (General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities within the European Communities)

NABSNomenclatureFlanders)for

NARANatuurrapport (Nature Report)

NRCnon-recurring costs

IEAInternational Association for the Evaluation of Education Achievement

KUBrusselKatholieke Universiteit Brussel (Catholic University of Brussels)

LINDepartement

KMSKAKoninklijkEnterprises)Museum

STETScientific

UNESCOUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

environmentally-friendly technologies) PROGR.Budget RUCAUniversitairProgrammeCentrum

VIBVlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie (Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology)

VIFVlaams Infrastructuurfonds (Flemish Infrastructure Fund)

PNPPrivateApplicationsNon-Profit

Training STIScience, Technology

UIAUniversitaireAntwerp)Instelling

VENVlaams Ecologisch Netwerk (Flemish Ecological Network)

Antwerpen (University of Antwerp)

Antwerpen (University Centre Antwerp)

Appendix1–252

OBPWOOnderwijskundig

Gent (University of Ghent)

UNUUnited Nations University – Universiteit van de Verenigde Naties

(sewage water purification plant)

SMESmall

TATechnologyProsperity) tULtransnationaleAssessmentUniversiteit

RWZIRioolwaterzuiveringsinstallatie

Technological Services STVStichting

Onderwijs (Education Department)

Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Leefmilieu (Applied Scientific research into the Environment)

PBOProgramma

VHLVlaams Huis van de Logistiek (Flemish House of Logistics)

PCB’sPolychloorbifenylResearch)

Innovation STSScientific

ONDDepartement

Faculteiten St. Ignatius Antwerpen (University Faculties St. Ignatius

VETCVlaams Engineering- en Testcentrum (Flemish Engineering and Testing Centre)

Raad van Vlaanderen (Socio-economic Council of (Social Impulse Fund) and Medium sized Enterprise and Technical Education and and and Technologie Vlaanderen (Foundation Technology Flanders) Technologieën voor de bevordering van Welzijn en Welvaart (Strategic Technologies for promotion for Welfare and

(Polychlorinated biphenyl) and Interconnection Development for European Institutions en demonstratiecentrum voor milieuvriendelijke technologieën (Promotion and demonstration centre for

Limburg (transnational University TWOLToegepastLimburg)

Antwerpen (University Institute, Antwerp)

OECDOrganisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

Afvalstoffenmaatschappij voor het Vlaamse Gewest (Public Waste Agency of Flanders) Beleidsgericht Onderzoek (Programme for Policy-oriented

PIDEAPackaging

RUGUniversiteit

SIFSociaalFlanders)Impulsfonds

SERVSociaal-Economische

OVAMOpenbare

STWWStrategische

PRODEMPromotie-

UAUniversiteit

UFSIAUniversitair

OAOrganisatieafdeling (Organisation Division)

Beleids- en Praktijkgericht Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Educational policy and practice-oriented scientific research)

VLMVlaamse Landmaatschappij (Public Land Agency of Flanders)

Leuven Gent Management School

Samenwerkingsverbanden (Flemish Innovation Cooperative Ventures)

VOIVlaamse Openbare Instellingen (Flemish Public Institutions)

VIONAVlaams Interuniversitair Onderzoeksnetwerk Arbeidsmarktrapportering (Flemish interuniversity research network for employment market

VMMVlaamse Milieumaatschappij (Public Environmental Agency of VMWVlaamseFlanders)Maatschappij

WIMDepartement Wetenschap, Innovatie en Media (Science, Innovation and Media WIVWetenschappelijkDepartment)Instituut

VRINDVlaamse Regionale Indicatoren (Flemish Regional Indicators)

Appendix1–253

VLAREBOVlaams Reglement betreffende de Bodemsanering (Flemish Regulations related to Cleaning up the Soil)

VRWBVlaamse Raad voor Wetenschapsbeleid (Flemish Council for Science VSMVlerickPolicy)

VOSVluchtige Organische Stoffen (Volatile Organic Compounds)

VLAMVlaams Promotiecentrum voor Agro- en Visserijmarketing vzw (Flemish Promotion Centre for Agro and fishery marketing)

VOLTVlaamse onderzoekseenheid Land- en Tuinbouweconomie (Flemish research unit for the Agricultural and Horticultural Economics)

VLANEZOVlaams-Nederlands

VLIRVlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad (Flemish Interuniversity Council)

Comité voor Kustgebonden Zeewetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Flemish-Dutch Committee for Coastal Marine Research)

VRVeiligheidsrapportering (Safety Reports)

VUBVrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University of Brussels)

voor Watervoorziening (Flemish Company for Water

VVOBVlaamse Vereniging voor Ontwikkelingssamenwerking en Technische Bijstand (Flemish Association for Development Co-Operation and Technical Assistance)

VLAREAVlaams Reglement voor Afvalvoorkoming en –Beheer (Flemish Regulations for the Prevention and Management of Waste)

VOCVolatileSupply)Organic Compounds (Vluchtige Organische Stoffen)

Volksgezondheid (Scientific Institute for Public Health)

VISVlaamsereporting)Innovatie

VLAREMVlaams Reglement betreffende de Milieuvergunningen (Flemish Regulations related to Environmental Licences)

VitoVlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (Flemish Institute for Technological Research)

VRTVlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep (Flemish Community Broadcasting Company)

WAVVlaams Steunpunt Werkgelegenheid, Arbeid en Vorming (Flemish Support Centre for Employment, Labour and Training)

VLIETVlaams Impulsprogramma Energietechnologie (Flemish Impulse Programme for Energy Technology)

VLINAVlaams Impulsprogramma Natuurontwikkeling (Flemish Impulse Programme for Nature Development)

VLIZVlaams Instituut voor de Zee (Flemish Institute of the Sea)

VLHORAVlaamse Hogescholenraad (Flemish Higher Education Board)

WTCMWetenschappelijk en Technisch Centrum voor de Metaalverwerkende Nijverheid (Scientific and technical centre for the metalprocessing WTOWorldindustry)Trade Organisation WVCDepartement Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Cultuur (Welfare, Public Health and Culture Department) ZAPZelfstandig Academisch Personeel (Academic Staff of the universities) Appendix1–254

APPENDIX2 Flemishsciencepolicy:addresses,e-mailsandwebsites Appendix2 DE VLAAMSE RAAD VOOR WETENSCHAPSBELEID (VRWB) Adres: Koning Albert II-laan 7 – 4e verdieping 1210 Brussel tel: +32 2 553 45 20fax: +32 2 553 45 23 e-mail: elisabeth.monard@wim.vlaanderen.be DE KONINKLIJKE ACADEMIËN Adres: Paleis der 1000HertogsstraatAcademiën1Brussel De Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van België voor Wetenschappen en Kunsten tel: +32 2 550 23 23fax: +32 2 550 23 25 e-mail: website:info@kvab.bewww.kvab.be De Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van België (KAGB) tel: +32 2 550 23 00fax: +32 2 550 23 05 Adres:DEAdres:WETENSCHAPHETINSTITUUTVOORDEAANMOEDIGINGVANINNOVATIEDOORAdres:HETFONDSVOORWETENSCHAPPELIJKONDERZOEK–VLAANDEREN(FWO)Adres:TECHNOPOLISSTICHTINGFLANDERSTECHNOLOGYINTERNATIONAL(F.T.I)–e-mail:Technologielaan2800Mechelentel:+3215342000fax:+3215342001e-mail:info@technopolis.bewebsite:www.technopolis.beEgmontstraat51000Brusseltel:+3225129110fax:+3225125890e-mail:jose.traest@fwo.bewebsite:www.fwo.beENTECHNOLOGIEINVLAANDEREN(IWT-Vlaanderen)Bischoffsheimlaan251000Brusseltel:+3222090900fax:+3222231181e-mail:info@iwt.bewebsite:www.iwt.beVLAAMSEINSTELLINGVOORTECHNOLOGISCHONDERZOEK(VITO)Boeretang2002400Moltel:+3214335511fax:+3214335599e-mail:vito@vito.bewebsite:www.vito.be Appendix2–255

Adres:(theVLAAMSINSTITUUTVOORHETONROERENDCULTUREELERFGOED(BRON)AdministratiefAdres:KONINKLIJKAdres:HETAdres:HETAdres:CENTRUMAdres:DEAdres:HETAdres:(VIB)HETVLAAMSINTERUNIVERSITAIRINSTITUUTVOORDEBIOTECHNOLOGIERijvisschestraat1209052Zwijnaardetel:+3292446611fax:+3292446610e-mail:vib@vib.bewebsite:www.vib.beINTERUNIVERSITAIRMICRO-ELEKTRONICACENTRUM(IMEC)Kapeldreef753001Heverlee(Leuven)tel:+3216281211fax:+3216229400e-mail:info@imec.bewebsite:www.imec.beSTICHTINGTECHNOLOGIEVLAANDEREN(STV)JozefII-straat12-161000Brusseltel:+3222090111fax:+3222177008e-mail:stv@serv.bewebsite:www.serv.beVOORBEVOLKINGS-ENGEZINSSTUDIËN(CBGS)Markiesstraat11000Brusseltel:+3225533569fax:+3225533557e-mail:info@cbgs.bewebsite:www.cbgs.beINSTITUUTVOORNATUURBEHOUD(IN)Kliniekstraat251070Brusseltel:+3225581811fax:+3225581805e-mail:info@instnat.bewebsite:www.instnat.beINSTITUUTVOORBOSBOUWENWILDBEHEER(IBW)Gaverstraat49500Geraardsbergentel:+3254437111fax:+3254410896e-mail:jozef.vanslycken@lin.vlaanderen.bee-mail:ibw@lin.vlaanderen.bewebsite:www.ibw.vlaanderen.beMUSEUMVOORSCHONEKUNSTEN–ANTWERPEN(KMSKA)LeopoldDeWaelplaats2000Antwerpenadres:Plaatsnijdersstraat22000Antwerpentel:+3232387809fax:+3232480810e-mail:postmaster@kmska.bewebsite:www.dma.be/cultuur/kmskaformerINSTITUUTVOORHETARCHEOLOGISCHPATRIMONIUM–IAP)PhoenixgebouwKoningAlbertII-laan191210Brusseltel:+3225531650fax:+3225531655e-mail:iap@lin.vlaanderen.be Appendix2–256