Architectural Graduation Thesis : City Heritage Museum , Precinct of Gangajaliya lake Bhavnagar

CITY HERITAGE MUSEUM

At Precinct of Gangajaliya Lake, Bhavnagar

VISHALCHANDRA GOHEL A 0715

A Design Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture

Thesis Guide : Prof. Hakimuddin Bharmal

Semester X, 2019-2020

Indubhai Parekh School of Architecture Saurashtra University, Rajkot AUGUST 2020

© August 2020 All Rights Reserved This is a text document written for a Bachelor’s design thesis at Indubhai Parekh School of Architecture.

Vishalchandra Gohel Indubhai Parekh School of Architecture.

Rajkot 360005, Gujarat.

India.

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CERTIFICATE

CITY HERITAGE MUSEUM

At Pricinct of Gangajaliya Lake, Bhavnagar

The contents presented in this Thesis represent my original work and no part of it has been submitted for the award of any other Degree or Diploma anywhere else.

VISHALCHANDRA S. GOHEL This Thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture at Indubhai School of Architecture Vyavasayi Vidhya Pratishthan Trust Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India The following study is hereby approved as credible work on the approved subject, carried out and presented in a manner sufficiently satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a pre-requisite to the degree for which it has been submitted.

It is understood that by this approval, the undersigned does not necessarily endorse or approve of any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein and approves the study only for the above purpose; and satisfies him as to the requirements laid down by the School.

Thesis Guide : Prof. Hakimuddin Bharmal

Date :

Thesis Co-ordinator : Prof. Shishir R. Raval, PhDV

Date :

Principal : Assoc. Prof. Devang Parekh, MUD

Date :

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ABSTRACT Our heritage is our inheritance - what the past has conceded to us, what we value in the present and what we choose to preserve for future generations.

Bhavnagar, the city located in Saurastra, Gujarat and of course being my native place, to maintain its historical importance by strong visual connection through museums, We can handover the heritage to our current and next generations. so that we also can inform and educate bhavnagar citizens and visitors alike of the very unique history of the city.

The museum, in my opinion, achieves a great success, not only as an admirable piece of architecture, but as a place where the story of bhavnagar heritage is accurately and creatively passed from one generation to the next. Infact, this museum serves as a great inspiration as such bhavnagar city does not possess a similar institution that displays this unique history and that too in the precinct of Gangajaliya Lake.

This museum will become a centre of knowledge and icon for the visitors. It will be an inclusive public place for people from all backgrounds to gather and talk about the heritage. Most importantly, it will become a place that is important to the city without disturbing the city fabric by using unused open space - mahila baug.

Each city evolves from its origin point and develops further. In Bhavnagar city, it can be assumed as it’s structured in two different parts: New and Old one. As the New one has been provided with grid iron pattern in which the government has made a small scale garden at the main junction of the roads, The old part of Bhavnagar city has quite remained underdeveloped, which needs improvement by doing some reorganization. Nowadays, further developments are being carried out in the outskirts of the Bhavnagar.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report contains final submission of semester 10, culminating project of Indubhai Parekh School of Architecture, Rajkot in bachelor’s of architecture course.

Foremost, I would like to thank Prof. Hakimuddin Bharmal for his invaluable guidance and helpful criticism during the study. I would like to express my gratitude to our thesis commitee for putting faith in me and I would like to thank Prof. Rupesh Patel for intial stage discussions.

I am thankful to all the IPSA faculties and staff members for all the love and support during 5 years and IPSA library.

I would like to thank to my sister Divya Gohel for helping me in documenting and for healthy criticism. My deepest gratitude must remain with my parents for never giving up on me, for their unconditional love and support and encouragement to pursue my interests.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Certificate Abstract Acknowledgement

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Chapter one - Curiousity & Aspirations 1.1 : Introduction 1.2 : Aim 1.3 : Objectives 1.4 : Methodology 1.5 : Scope & Limitations 1.6 : Rationale & Justification 1.7 : Expected results

3 3 4 4 4 4 5

Chapter two - Introduction of city 2.1 : History of Bhavnagar 2.2 : Present situation of city 2.3 : Evolution of Bhavnagar 2.4 : Places to visit 2.5 : Climatical details 2.6 : About lakes and city 2.7 : Lake edge condition 2.8 : Activity around lake

7 7 8 12 16 19 21 22

Chapter three - City Museum 3.1 : Introduction of museum 3.2 : Introduction to Heritage museum 3.3 : Present Museum in Bhavnagar 3.4 : Case study 3.5 : comparitive analysis 3.6 : Functions list 3.7 : Program-Quantitative Area Statement

25 27 28 29 43 44 44

Chapter four - Architectural research 4.1 : Site location 4.2 : Site analysis 4.3 : Site photographs

48 51 60

Chapter Five - Conceptuals & design development 5.1 : Design conceptual 5.2 : Final design drawings 5.3 : Views of design

67 86 98

Conclusion Work cited List of Figures List of Plates List of views

102 103 105 111 111

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Chapter

ONE

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CURIOUSITY & ASPIRATIONS 1.1 Introduction : Architecture is invariably associated with that which is ‘built’ but a city is almost in an equal measure defined by that which is ‘unbuilt’. Cities are the sum of its multitude of spaces and people’s interactions in them as a reflection of their culture.

Same as a user that dwells into a place, the place dwells into a larger fabric, making an ecosystem. An active and vibrant public space is an integral part of the city.

It replaces and to an extent also substitutes for the traditional idea of community. Where cultures are allowed to breathe and intermix. (Gupta, Archana, and Anshuman Gup-

Bhavanagar is also known as the Sanskari Kendra or the Cultural city and is identified for its cultural ingenuity and the literary laureates who were born and reside in the city. Narsinh Mehta, Ganga Sati, Jhaverchand Meghani, Kavi Kant, Govardhan Tripathi and many other poets, writers and artists have been part of the cultural and literary heritage of the city.

ta. Celebrating Public Spaces of India. Mapin Publishing, 2017. Print.)

Heritage is living with a tangible part of the past, but it is also about deciding that it is sufficiently important that we want to make it part of the future, not just part of the present.

1.2 Aim :

The lapping waves of the Gulf of Khambat along with the majestic splendor of art and architecture acquaint one to the most royal city of Gujarat. “Bhavnagar” located at the Southern tip of Gujarat with its principle port Gogha as the entrance to the Gulf of Cambay.

- Develop surrounding of the Gangajaliya Lake & Revive the unused mahila baug into city heritage museum.

The glimmering shine of gems to grandiose of the historical structures, vibrant bazzars flaunting the glory of textile artisans to the finesse of the silversmiths, centuries of ocean trade to the effervescent entrepreneurship spirit, this city offers ample amount of diversity for any tourist or visitor.

Delicately carved wooden pillars to facades of the merchant houses display the magnificence and opulent taste and fervor of the inhabitants whereas the buzzing markets and the industries state the enterprising zeal of the populace.

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1.3 Objectives :

1.5 Scope and Limitations :

- To understanding the lake and surrounding area.

- As a part of academic thesis, the proposal have limitation of legal matters and some part of thesis would be hypothesis

- To preserve the heritage and culture of the city.

- Commercial edge relocation program is not part of thesis

- How city heritage museum can do the revive of area.

- To design and achieve an good active public built environment within context.

- BMC(Bhavnagar Municipal Corporation) has proposal of road widening so that commercial edge would be dismantled and neglected space can be revived.

- To study visitors experience and circulation pattern in museum.

- A scope of developing galgajaliya lake precinct for public activities.

1.4 Methodology :

1.6 Rationale & Justification :

- Exploring various mediums like reading literary text related to heritage/history of city.

- The Gangajaliya lake precinct surrounded by road, rikshaw parking, bus stand, vendors and other activities also. Nowadays development regarding Public Activities are happening in the city outskirts area which is mostly in the new city part. There is no such space in the old city regarding the public realm.

- Mapping the site and analysing its context to identify activities to be incorporated into the program.

- Case study of other projects. It shall help in identifying the scope and limitation of/ for this project by understanding the complexity and diversity engaged in such projects.

- Large open lake which is quite undeveloped from a long time, by providing City Heritage Museum at precinct of Gangajaliya lake in Mahila baug which is neglected green space by the citizens of Bhavnagar will revive the whole area and attract citizens and tourists also.

- Identifying the site. Site analysis, documentation, amenities mapping and contextual study.

- Formulation of program based on the inferences of the case studies and site.

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1.7 Expected Result : -Heritage museums are not only the need of the city but are also the image of the city.

- It represents the culture of all generations.

- As Bhavnagar is a developing city it also needs to represent a positive response towards it’s glorious heritage.

- This museum will also revive the neglected Gangajaliya lake and also the surrounding lake.

- Develop citizen access to the site.

- Traffic control after the area gets developed.

- Gift a better place to citizens of Bhavnagar.

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Chapter

TWO

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INTRODUCTION OF CITY 2.1 History of Bhavnagar : Around 1260 AD, King Sejakji ( 1250-1290 ) they moved down to the Gujarat coast and established three capitals; Sejakpur, Umrala and Sihor.

The last princely ruler Late Sir Krishnakumarsinhji handed over the administration of his State to the people’s representative in 1948 on the advice of Gandhiji.

In 1722-23, forces lead by Khanthaji Kadani and Pilaji Gaekwad attempted to raid Sihor but were repelled by Maharaja Bhavsinhji Gohil.

Founded as a port in 1743, Bhavnagar is still an important trading post for the cotton goods manufactured in Gujarat.

2.2 Present situation of city :

After the war Bhavsinhji realised the reason for repeated attack was the location of Sihor (old Bhavnagar).

Present day Bhavnagar owes much to the vision of the past ruler Sir Takhtsinhji Gohil (1869-96 AD). The town planning schemes were designed and implemented under the guidance of progressive rulers of Bhavnagar. During the reign of Sir Takhtsinhji, the British State Engineer Proctor Sims supervised the construction of Barton Library, High Court, Alfred High School and Sir Takhtsinhji Hospital.

In 1723, he established a new capital near Vadva village, 20 km away from Sihor, and named it Bhavnagar. it was a carefully chosen strategic location because of its potential for maritime trade. Naturally, Bhavnagar City became the capital of Bhavnagar State. (Contributors, 2020)

fig. 2.2 - Grid iron pattern bhavnagar Takhteshwar Temple (1893 AD) is located on a hill, on a high plinth, offering a commanding view of Bhavnagar. The high shikhara rising above the pillared rectangular mandapa makes it an important landmark.

fig. 2.1 - old map of bhavnagar Bhavnagar was founded by Bhavsinhji Gohil, the rulers of Sihor in 1723 AD. It was the time of persistent Maratha raids of the States of Saurashtra.

(Corporation, 2019)

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2.3 Evolution of Bhavnagar : The old town of Bhavnagar was a fortified town with gates leading to other important towns of the rgion.The Darbargadh (royal residence) was located at the center of the town. The rulers of Bhavnagar subsequently shifted to Motibag and Nilambag Palace.

Bhavnagar remained a major port, for almost two centuries, trading commodities with Africa, Mozambique, Zanzibar, Singapore and the Persian Gulf. This flourishing maritime trade resulted in the high rate of urbanization surplus wealth and cosmopolitan culture of the town.

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fig. 2.3 - Map of fortified bhavnagar Old fortified city has four gates

- The new capital city would be in the open country in comparision to Sihore which was in hilly terrain and hemmed in from all sides.

Bhavsinhji-I had intended his new capital to be a well protected haven, secure from attacks and also make it economically prosperous by establishing a port. (About Ar-

1. Khar Gate 2. Ruvapari Gate 3. Ghogha Gate 4. Vartej Gate

chitects, Architecture, 1995)

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The old settlement of Vadwa had the benefit of various village tanks such as Gam (Gangajalia) talao, Prabhudas talao, Brahman talao and other smaller tanks. Most of these tanks have now been absorbed but their names persist. The religious places which were on these tanks have survived and have played an important role in structuring the city of Bhavnagar established in 1723 near the old settlement of Vadwa.

URBAN STRUCTURE OF BHAVNAGAR : - The main roads of the new capital city of Bhavnagar were oriented to face the cardinal points of the compass.

- These roads were bounded by gateways. A wall with a moat surrounded the city.

- The Darbargadh or the palace is located centrally and the hierarchy of institutions and street layout was established in reference to this important institution.

- The city was divided in four major precints. Each precints had “sheris� or streets which belonged to a particular caste of people.

fig. 2.4 - after demolition of fortification The Nilkanth Mahadev was a temple on the Bhagga talao outside the original Vadwa village. This tank was reclaimed when the city of Bhavnagar was founded. The surviving temple has played an important role in structuring the precinct.

- The fortified city was structured in major three parts which were SHERI (primary access)KHANCHO (secondary access)- DELO or Faliyu. The main centre was recognized as Haluriya Chowk as it is connecting Sir Alfred High School and Ruvapari Chowk and Barton Library on cross road which is also near to the port. (About Architects, Architecture, 1995)

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fig. 2.5 - Fort wall near Ruvapri gate

fig. 2.6 - Institutions after demolition of fort wall near Barton Library

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After the walls were dismantled, a circular road which ran along the original profile of the wall came into existence. The Divans built their new residences along the edge of this new road . These new houses were much larger than the houses in the inner city. The new residences were usually planned around a rectangular courtyard and presented an elaborate and ornate facade to the new main road. There was however a lack of interactive spaces that one finds in the walled city. (About Architects, Architecture, 1995)

fig. 2.7 - Immediate development after dismantling fort wall - During the period of about hundred years following the establishment of Bhavnagar the various kings were mainly concerned with the consolidation of territories and the security of the people.

- After the entry of the British in Kathiawad in 1820 sweeping reforms were made in the administrative setups of most states in Kathiawad.

- These reforms were inthe areas of administration, revenue collection and judiciaries. Post and telegraph services along with railways were introduced and augmented. The port was also modernised and a new economic policy was introduced. fig. 2.8 - Ruvapari gate before demolition 11

2.4 Places to visit : 1. Takhteswar Temple :

fig. 2.9 - bird eye view of temple

fig. 2.10 - view of hill

- Perched on a hillock in the centre of the town, this is a Shiva temple. A worthy landmark of the city and an icon of the town, it was constructed in 1893 by a king and named after his name Takhtasinhji. Reaching the top of the hill climbing a few dozen easy stairs and sitting on the marble floor of the courtyard atop, one gets a panoramic view of the town and the surrounding landscape. An early morning or evening visit is an enriching experience. (Corporation, 2018) 2. Nilambagh Palace :

fig. 2.11 - front of palace

fig. 2.12 - view of palace

- Build in mid 19th century by a German architect Simsom for Sir Takhat Singh; the Nilambagh Palace initially belonged to Gohils whose old family title of Rawal or Raol can be traced back to their historic battle with Alauddin Khilji in Chitor.

- Currently, this elegant structure is now converted into a heritage hotel. The modern Nilambagh Palace has a distinctly European aesthetic complete with well-stocked library and is spaciously laid out, exuding an old world charm. The rooms in the hotel feature furniture that reminds one of the olden times and fully equipped with modern amenities.

- The residence of the current Maharaja of Bhavnagar, HH Maharaol Vijayrajsinhji Virbhadrasinhji Gohil & his family; is now also a heritage palace hotel.

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3. Bhav Vilas Palace :

fig. 2.13 - view from lake

fig. 2.14 - bird eye view of palace

- This palatial property was formerly the club-house for the royal family of the erstwhile princely state of Bhavnagar, now the residence of Maharajkumar Shivbhadrasinhji Krishnakumarsinhji Gohil & his family. It is famous for its wildlife collection & lake-side view 4. Victoria Park :

fig. 2.15 - view from top

fig. 2.16 - view towards watch tower

- Near Gaurishankar lake is a mini forest, a repository of flora and fauna, with more than 1 lakh trees which provides a serene ambience bringing one close to nature. One of the few city-forests in India, this natural haven provides shelter to varied species of flora and fauna. Within the forest premises there are two nurseries which cultivate plants for gardens and forests.

5. Barton Library : The Barton Library is a beautiful two storeyed building, appropriately designed for a road junction. It has two wings and a central tower, constructed in ashlar stone masonry, with Gothic arch windows and a sloping roof with Mangalore tiles. It is one of the oldest libraries of Gujarat. (Corporation, 2018)

fig. 2.17 - View from Diwanpara road 13

fig. 2.18 - View from Haluriya chowk

fig. 2.19 - View from Amba chowk

fig. 2.20 - Jashonath Temple (1865)

fig. 2.21 - Jaswantsinhji Dispensary (1871)

fig. 2.22 - Gangaderi (1893)

Ganga Chatri or Ganga deri Ganga Chatri forming an edge of Gangajalia Talav was built under the orders of his highness Maharaja Takhtasinhji of Bhavnagar in loving memory of his wife Gondal’s Rani Shri Majirajba who died on 15th November, 1875 giving birth to the heir Patvi Kumar Shri Bhavsingji. This building was designed by Mr. John Griffiths Principal of the school of art Bombay and built by Kathiawar Artisans which was commenced in 1877 and completed in 1893. The shrine was completely built using White marble like Taj Mahal. Its dome nearly rose to 11 meters. The architectural mix is the synthesis of Mughal and Rajput style known as indo-Saracenic style. The latticework (grills) carved with intricate, delicate floral motifs and the columns are distinctive features of this monument. The ornamental architectural elements includes the use of Floral arches, brackets including the design of Padam potika (lotus buds) which are evidently used in Jain and Hindu temples and lotus carved Merlons are not used for the protection purpose but for ornamental decoration. (Tourism, 2020)

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fig. 2.23 - Old Shamaldash Collage(1884)

fig. 2.24 - Darbari Kothar

fig. 2.25 - MotiBaug Town Hall

fig. 2.26 - Sir Takhtasinhji Hospital (1892)

fig. 2.27 - High Court Building(1885)

fig. 2.28 - BAPS Swaminarayan Mandir

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2.5 Climatical details : Bhavnagar is a coastal city on the eastern coast of Saurashtra, also known as Kathiawar, located at 21.77°N 72.15°E.It has an average elevation of 24 metres (78 ft). It occupies an area of 53.30 km². The general slope dips towards the north-east at the apex of Gulf of Khambhat. A small non-perennial river named Kansara Nala passes through the outer area of the city. Population - 6,43,365 , Area - 108.27 Sq. km, Density - 4,700 Person/Sq. Km (Online, 2020)

fig. 2.29 - annual max, min and avg. temperature

fig. 2.30 - annual rainfall amount and rainy days 16

fig. 2.31 - annual avg. and max wind speed and gust

fig. 2.32 - avg. pressure

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fig. 2.33 - avg. cloud and humidity Bhavnagar has a hot semi-arid climate with hot, dry summers from March to mid-June, the wet monsoon season from mid-June to October during which the city receives around 550 mm of rain on average, and mild winters from November to February.

- The semiarid classification is due to the city’s high evapotranspiration. The average temperature from November to February is around 20 °C, with low humidity.

- Due to proximity to the sea, the climate remains fairly humid throughout the year.

- The highest record temperature was 54 °C (129 °F) on 26 May 1988, while the lowest record temperature was 2 °C (36 °F) on 11 December 1973.

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2.6 About lakes and city :

fig. 2.34 - lakes in bhavnagar - The old fortified bhavnagar had benefit of various water body such as Gangajaliya Talao, Prabhudas Talao, Brahman Talao and smaller water bodies.

- Now a days within Bhavanagr core city area there is three lakes which are quite in use.

1. Gaurishankar lake 2. Gangajaliya lake 3. Krishna kunj lake

- Currently Bhavnagar has 8 water bodies which more of them are undeveloped and some used as for picnic places.

- and rest are located at city out skirts.

Bor Talav is the common name given to Gaurishanker Lake, situated in the city of Bhavnagar and spread over an area of 381 hectares. During 1872 this was constructed as a reservoir to meet up water requirements. But now this place has become the most visited tourist destination and picnic spot in the city. Near the lake there is an area meant for entertainment and fun it consists of musical fountains, boat houses, planetarium and much more amidst nature’s creations. (Tourism, 2020)

fig. 2.35 - Gaurishankar lake

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fig. 2.36 - location of Krishnakunj lake

fig. 2.37 - view of Krishnakunj lake

- On the edges of the Gaurishankar Lake, a few minutes from Bhavnagar is a 2-sq-km protected forest, Victoria Park.

- One can spot vibrant flora, various species of birds and butterflies and a large fox population. It is one of the oldest human-made forests in India, made in 1888 by Mr Proctor Sins for Maharaja Takhtasinhji of the Bhavnagar city.

- There are 223 bird species, 15 mammalian species and 20 reptile species. Inside the park, there are some nurseries where one can see some unique variety of plants.

- There is one water body inside - Krishna Kunj lake (remains dry most of the time), where a large number of migratory birds nest regularly. (Pvt, 2019)

fig. 2.38 - view of Gangajaliya Lake - Old Fortified bhavnagar was founded near Vadva village and beside Gangajaliya Lake (Gam Talao). This lake played an important role in structuring the city of Bhavnagar.

- it is quite big lake in 1723 but as city gets evolved size of lake gets reduced and commercial, trasportation and small business activities take place there and encroach the lake edges.

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2.7 Lake edge condition :

fig. 2.39 - relation of urban water-body

fig. 2.40 - lake edge condition-1

fig. 2.41 - lake edge condition-2

fig. 2.42 - lake edge condition-3

fig. 2.43 - lake edge condition-4

fig. 2.44 - lake edge condition-5

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2.8 Activity around lake : Sanatan dharma High School

Vegetable and Fruit market

Mahila baug Police station Gangaderi Ghogha gate Local bus-stand Business center

Restorents and pan shops Vadva chowk

Jashonath Chowk Pill - garden

Sagar Complex

Rikshaw Parking

Moti Baug Road

City Townhall

fig. 2.45 - Activity around lake - Gangajaliya lake is surrounded by a few infrastructure like Business centre, Gangaderi, City bus-stand, Lok milap trust, few shops and peripheral road.

- Across the road there are public institutes, vegetable markets, multi level parking, commercial buildings, government properties etc.

- Lake is bounded from all sides and edges were encroached as rickshaw stand and some local cloth vendors.

- There is mahila baug beside the lake and it is surrounded by a G+1 commercial structure.

- So inside the garden it is a very abandoned place, not maintained properly, used as a dumpyard of some metal scrap.

- In daily use there is a very small number of girls gathered there and enjoy the place.

- The Bhavnagar development authority is developing the lake as a walkway and they will widening the road between lake and garden.

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Chapter

THREE

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CITY MUSEUM 3.1 Introduction of museum : Etymology

3. Art museums :

- The English “museum” comes from the Latin word, and is pluralized as “museums” (or rarely, “musea”). It is originally from the Ancient Greek Μουσεον (Mouseion), which denotes a place or temple dedicated to the Muses (the patron divinities in Greek mythology of the arts), and hence a building set apart for study and the arts, especially the Musaeum (institute) for philosophy and research at Alexandria by Ptolemy I Soter about 280 BC. (FINDLEN, 1989)

- Also known as art galleries. They are spaces for showing art objects, most commonly visual art objects as paintings, sculpture, photography, illustrations, drawings, ceramics or metalwork.

- There are different types of museums.

Here are some of them: 1. Archaeology museums : - They display archeological artifacts. They can be open-air museums or they can exhibit items in a building.

fig. 3.2 - National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. 4. Encyclopedic museums : - They are usually large institutions and they offer visitors a wide variety of information on many themes, both local and global. They are not thematically defined nor specialized.

fig. 3.1 - National Archaeological Museum, Athens 2. Historic house museums : fig. 3.3 - The Encyclopedic Museum ESSAI

- house or a building turned into a museum for a variety of reasons, most commonly because the person that lived in it was important or something important happened in it. House is often equipped with furniture like it was in the time when it was used. Visitors of the house learn through guides that tell story of the house and its inhabitants.

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5. History museums :

9. Mobile museums :

- They collect objects and artifacts that tell a chronological story about particular locality. Objects that are collected could be documents, artifacts, archeological findings and other. They could be in a building, historic house or a historic site.

- Museums that have no specific strict place of exhibiting. They could be exhibited from a vehicle or they could move from museum to museum as guests. Also a name for a parts of exhibitions of a museum that are sent to another museum.

10. Natural history museums : - Usually display objects from nature like stuffed animals or pressed plants. They educate about natural history, dinosaurs, zoology, oceanography, anthropology, evolution, environmental issues, and more.

11. Open-air museums :

fig. 3.4 - Natural History Museum of London London, England

- Characteristic for exhibiting outdoors. Exhibitions consist of buildings that recreate architecture from the past. First opened in Scandinavia near the end of the 19th century.

6. Living history museums : - Type of a museum in which historic events are performed by actors to immerse a viewer and show how certain events looked like or how some crafts were performed because there is no other way to see them now because they are obsolete.

12. Pop-up museums : - Nontraditional museum institutions. Made to last short and often relying on visitors to provide museum objects and labels while professionals or institution only provide theme. With that is constructed shared historical authority.

7. Maritime museums : - Specialized museums for displaying maritime history, culture or archaeology. Primarily archaeological maritime museums exhibit artifacts and preserved shipwrecks recovered from bodies of water. Maritime history museums, show and educate the public about humanity’s maritime past.

13. Science museums : - Specialized for science and history of science.

In the beginning they were static displays of objects but now they are made so the visitors can participate and that way better learn about different branches of science. (Museums, 2020)

8. Military and war museums : - Museums specialized in military histories. Usually organized from a point of view of a one nation and conflicts in which that country has taken part. They collect and present weapons, uniforms, decorations, war technology and other objects.

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3.2 Introduction to Heritage Museum : - Heritage is defined as the elements of our inherited past that we value.

- Heritage also acts as the economic catalyst for a number of industries such as clothing, food, tourism, art, music, etc. It provides templates for the development of these sectors and as such has enormous economic value and power with special reference to individual arts and crafts businesses and represents far more than a “soft� sector such as culture.

- Museums are institutions created in the public interest. They engage their visitors, foster deeper understanding and promote the enjoyment and sharing of authentic cultural and natural heritage. Museums acquire, preserve, research, interpret and exhibit the tangible and intangible evidence of society and nature.

- Bhavnagar is the developing city, but mostly developments related to public realm and other activity taking shape in the newer area or out skirts of the city.

- By developing Heritage museum near Gangajaliya lake, which is neglected by the citizens will be revived for public and has great opportunity to revive the overall area for the benefit of public activities in a way that inner part of the city also get focused.

- So if we glance at the history of Bhavnagar, Site has importance in historical manner should be developed as museum for witness of great heritage.

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3.3 List of Museum in Bhavnagar :

3. vigyan Nagari : Science museum

Address: Mahila College Area, Sumeru Twp, Ambawadi, Krishna Nagar, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364001

1. Gandhi Smruti : Museum built in 1955 exhibiting Gandhi memorabilia & photos plus local archeological remains.

- Address: Cresent Cir, Nawa Para, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364001

fig. 3.7 - Vigyan Nagari 4. City Museum : Auditorium, Art Gallery; built in 2018 Address: Sardar Nagar Cir, near Milap Jani’s home, Sardar Nagar, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002

fig. 3.5 - Gandhi Smruti 2.Railway Museum :

Address: Railway colony, Opposite DRM Office, next to community hall, Gadhechi Vadala, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364001

fig. 3.6 - Railway Museum

fig. 3.8 - City museum

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fig. 3.9 - context of site

Fouder: Mahatma Gandhi Founded: 25 June 1915 Established: 10 May 1963 Architect: Charles Correa

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fig. 3.10 - location of building on site

29 h 4m

2m

h 4m

2m

2m

h 4m

h 4m

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A

fig. 3.12 - circulation on site

-Site has four access points shown by red arrow.

-Blue wavy line shows the topography of the site which is towaards the sabarmati river.

-Green dotted lines shows parking zone in the site.

3m h 8m

champas

h .80

chameli

3m h 8m

2m h 3m

3.5m h 5m

3.5m h 5m

3.5m h 5m

3.5m h 5m

3.5m h 5m

3m h 8m

various shrubs

1m h 2.5m

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.70m h 1m

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6m h 12m

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4m h 9m

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3m h 8m

3m h 8m

2.5m h 6.5m

3m h 10m

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4m h 4.5m

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3m h 10m

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5m h 7m

4m h 8m

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1.5m 3m

5m h 7m

1m h 11m

5m h 7m

4m h 8m

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6m h 6m

6m h 6.5m

1m h 11m

1m h 11m

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h 3m

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2m

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3m h 8m

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1.5m h 10m

3m h 10m

2m

1.5m

3m h 8m

2m

1.5m

h 4.5m

1.5m

3m h 8m

2m

1.5m

2m h 3.5m

3m h 10m 4m h 8m

2m h 4m

3m h 10m

1.5m h 11m

4m h 8m

shrubs

5m h 7m

5m h 7m

3m h 9m

7m h 10

5m h 7m

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3m h 9m

2.5m h8

2.5m h4

1m h 10m

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2.5m h6

3m h 8m

1m h 3.5

2.5m h4

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1m 1.5m

1.5m h 3.5

7m h 10

2.5m h4

1m h 10m

1.5m h 7.5m

5m h 8m

3m h 9m

5m h 8m

3m h 8m

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4.5m

2m

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1m h 3.5

3m h 8m

4.5m

2m

1m 2m

1m h 3.5

2.5m h6

3m h 8m

3m h 8m

3m h 8m

1m h 3.5

3m h 8m

3m h 8m

3m h 8m

2.5m h8

3m h 8m

1.5m h 5m

1.5m h 5m

2.5m h 3m

3.5m h 3m

all shrubs approx .20m h .50m

3m h 8m

.70m h 4.5m

.70m h 4.5m

3m h8

.70m h 4.5m

.7m h 4.5m

1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m h 12 h 12 h 15 h 12

3m h 8m

3m h 8m

.70m h 4.5m

1.5 m h 12

1.5 m h 2.5 1.5 m h 12

1.5 m h2

1m h 5m

1.5 m h 12

1.5 m h 12 1.5 m h 12

3m h 8m

3m h 8m

2.5m h8

1.5 m h 12

3m h 8m

1.5 m h 12

1m 1m h 3.5 h 3.5

3m h 8m

.7m h 4.5m

1.5 m h 12

1.5 m h 12

3m h9

.60 m h3

1.5m 3m

2m h 3.5m

1.5m h 10m 1.5m h 8m

1.5m h 8m

.50m 1.5m

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1.5m 5.5m

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1.5m h 10m

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1.5m 2m

1.5m h 9m

Sabarmati Ashram is located in the Sabarmati suburb of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, adjoining the Ashram Road, on the banks of the River Sabarmati.

h 4m

2m

fig. 3.11 - access, topography, parking h 4m

2m

h 4m

2m

2.5m h 8m

2.5m h 8m

2.5m h 8m

He lived in Sabarmati ashram for a total of twelve years with his wife Kasturba Gandhi and followers.

2.5m h 8m

2.5m h 8m

1.5m h 8m

2.5m h 4.5m

3.4 Case studies :

3.4.1 - Sabarmati Ashram:

5 1

2

4

3

fig. 3.14 - spatial organization 1- Letters 2- Office 3- Meetings 4- Books 5- Photos and paintings -Five Interior Rooms Contain The Collection Of The Museum.

fig. 3.13 - figure and ground -To reflect the simplicity of Gandhi’s life and the incremental nature of a institution ,connecting spaces, both open and covered, allowing for eventual expansion.

Correa’s subtle changes in the enclosure allow for variety in the module’s lighting, temperature, and visual permeability.

-The Rooms Are Enclosed By Brick Walls And Wooden Louvered Screens -All Five Rooms Are Part Of 6mt Square Module. Correa’s Subtle Changes Of The Enclosure Allow For Variety In The Module’s Lighting, Temperature’ And Visual Permeability.

-The site on the Sabarmati river bank. it is the part of the larger ashram complex and is integrated into its garden.

-A Square, Uncovered Shallow Pool Is Located Between The Five Rooms.

30

fig. 3.15 - circulation within museum

fig. 3.17 - dimensional grid

- The main concept is that each building group in causal meandering pattern, creating a pathway along which the visitors progresses towards the centrality of the water court.

- Correa took the words of mahatma Gandhi, “I don’t want my house to be walled on all sides and my windows to be stuffed.

I want the cultures of all the lands to be blown about my houses as freely as possible but I refused to be blown off my feet by any of them.” (Correa, 2016)

- To reflect the simplicity of Gandhi’s life and the incremental nature of a living institution the architect used modular units 6 meters x 6 meters of reinforced cement concrete connecting spaces, both open and covered, allowing for eventual expansion. Correa’s subtle changes in the enclosure allow for variety in the module’s lighting, temperature, and visual permeability.

fig. 3.16 - section -The materials used in the construction are similar to the other buildings in the ashram: tiled roof, brick walls, stone floors and wooden doors.

-No glass windows are used anywhere in the building; light and ventilation being provided by operable wooden louvers.

fig. 3.18 - wall section

31

fig. 3.21 - view from outside fig. 3.19 - view from path - Wooden doors, stone floors, brick columns and ceramic tile roofs are the palette of the building.

- The foundation are concrete and is raised about foot from the ground.

fig. 3.22 - view of courtyard

fig. 3.20 - view of water body - The foundation are concrete and is raised about foot from the ground .

- The museum uses a siple but delicated detailed post and beam structure.

fig. 3.23 - view through water body

32

3.4.2 - Virasat - E - Khalsa : The eastern complex contains a round memorial building as well as extensive, permanent exhibition space, consisting of two clusters of galleries that try to evoke the fortress architecture of the region (most evident in a nearby Gurudwara) and form a dramatic silhouette against the surrounding cliff terrain. The gathering of the galleries in groups of five reflects the Five Virtues, a central tenent of Sikhism.

Virasat-e-Khalsa is a museum of Sikhism, located in the holy town, Anandpur Sahib, near Chandigarh, the capital of the state of Punjab, India.

The museum celebrates 500 years of the Sikh history

fig. 3.24 - context of site Established: 13 April 1999 Location: Anandpur Sahib, Punjab Type: Sikh museum Architect: Moshe Safdie fig. 3.26 - accessibility to site he design of Virasat-e-Khalsa has woven threads of the vernacular aesthetic into the very fabric of the museum’s visual language to highlight a robust, living culture. It is a visual-cum-narrative museum that endeavors to tell a deeply spiritual and stirring story that commemorates the 550 years of tradition and thriving culture of Sikhism and Punjab. (Architects, 2020)

fig. 3.25 - location of building on site - There are two complexes at each side of a ravine, connected by a ceremonial bridge.

- The smaller western complex includes an entrance plaza, an auditorium with 400 seating-capacity, two-story research and reference library, and changing exhibition galleries. (singh kanwal Harkunwar, 2013)

fig. 3.27 - model of museum

33

fig. 3.30 - complex division - The museum campus is composed of two functional sets of buildings i.e. compllex A & C, connected together by a ffoott brriidge.

- A 540-foot bridge from the western complex crosses a network of reflecting pools, providing access to the easterrn complex fig. 3.28 - circulation within building

fig. 3.31 - circulation within museum

fig. 3.29 - zoning of museum

fig. 3.32 - Section through galleries

34

fig. 3.33 - Area sheet

fig. 3.35 - Section through circulation

fig. 3.34 - Layout of exhibition space

fig. 3.36 - Layout of Gallery

35

fig. 3.39 - Areal view

fig. 3.40 - View towards complex C

fig. 3.41 - View from parking fig. 3.37 - Conceptual diagram

fig. 3.38 - Rendered image

fig. 3.42 - View from Pathway

36

3.4.3 - New Acropolis Museum : Located in the historic of Makryianni district, the Museum stands less than 1,000 feet southeast of the Parthenon. The topfloor Parthenon Gallery offers a 360-degree panoramic view of the Acropolis and modern Athens. The Museum is entered from the Dionysios Areopagitou pedestrian street, which links it to the Acropolis and other key archeological sites in Athens.

The Acropolis Museum is an archaeological museum focused on the findings of the archaeological site of the Acropolis of Athens. The museum was built to house every artifact found on the rock and on the surrounding slopes, from the Greek Bronze Age to Roman and Byzantine Greece.

fig. 3.43 - context of site Established: 2009 Location: Dionysiou Areopagitou 15, Athina 117 42, Greece Type: Archaeological museum Architect: Bernard Tschumi Architects

fig. 3.45 - Building circulation Concept : Designed to accommodate the most spectacular sculptures of ancient Greece, located across from the Parthenon, one of the most influential buildings of western civilization, in a sensitive archaeological site, combined with a warm climate in a region of earthquakes, the New Museum of the Acropolis offers a simple and precise architecture with mathematical and conceptual clarity of ancient Greece.

The project is based on three concepts that transformed the potential limitations of the site: electricity, motion and tectonic and programmatic concept. (Archdaily, 2019)

fig. 3.44 - location of building on site

fig. 3.46 - Visual link to the Parthenon

37

fig. 3.47 - Floor plans Program With 8,000 square meters (90,000 square feet) of exhibition space and a full range of visitor amenities, the Acropolis Museum tells the story of life on the Athenian Acropolis and its surroundings by uniting collections formerly dispersed in multiple institutions, including the small Acropolis Museum built in the 19th century. (Archdaily, 2019)

fig. 3.48 - Ground floor level

38

fig. 3.49 - First level

fig. 3.50 - Second llevel

fig. 3.52 - Exhibition Route

fig. 3.53 - Functions list fig. 3.51 - Third level

39

fig. 3.54 - Trasversal section Light: The collection consists primarily of works of sculpture, many of them architectural pieces that originally decorated the monuments of the Acropolis, so the building that exhibits them is a museum of ambient natural light. The use of various types of glass allows light to flood into the top-floor Parthenon Gallery, to filter through skylights into the archaic galleries, and to penetrate the core of the building, gently touching the archeological excavation below the building. (Archdaily, 2019)

Circulation: The collection is installed in chronological sequence, from pre-history through the late Roman period, but reaches its high point (literally and programmatically) with the Parthenon Frieze. The visitor’s route is therefore a clear, three-dimensional loop. It goes up from the lobby via escalator to the double-height galleries for the Archaic period; upward again by escalator to the Parthenon Gallery; then back down to the Roman Empire galleries and out toward the Acropolis itself.

fig. 3.55 - Hybrid temperature solution

fig. 3.56 - Model of museum

40

fig. 3.58 - Areal view

fig. 3.59 - Connection to Parthenon

fig. 3.57 - Conceptual Diagram fig. 3.60 - Interior view

41

fig. 3.61 - view towards parthenon

fig. 3.62 - Entrance view

fig. 3.64 - Exterior view

fig. 3.63 - Exhibition passage

fig. 3.65 - Entarace area

42

3.5 Comparitive Analysis :

43

3.6 Function list : The following would be the main features of the museum : 1. Galleries 2. Exhibition 3. Library 4. Archives 5. Administartive and Management office

1. Galleries : - Purpose of the museum is to collect, preserve, display items of culture/heritage/history,etc.

- Galleries prove themselves as effective medium for showcasing the collection.

2. Exhibition : - It is used for collection of items made available to audience.

- It has both temporary and permanent exhibition space which would exhibits for long duration.

3. Library : - library should contain a large number of books related to heritage of different region and bhavnagar also.

- It has all information related to the subject and other subjects also.

4. Archives : - Collection of historical documents or records providing information related to subject.

- Preserving historical records and make them available to the citizens as legally and ethically.

5. Administartive and Management office : - The whole museum divided into different zonees and they fall under different administartion and has main management office.

44

PROGRAM FOR HERITAGE MUSEUM

45

46

47

Chapter

FOUR

48

ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH

4.1 Site Location : Gangajaliya lake

Figure : 4.1 - Location of Gangajaliya Lake in North direction of Bhavnagar

Figure : 4.2 - Gangajaliya Lake

49

Site plan

Figure : 4.3 - Site Plan

50

N.T.S.

51

4.2 Site Analysis :

Evolution of the area over the years 2009-2019

fig. 4.4 - Satellite image of site - 2009

fig. 4.5 - Satellite image of site - 2013

52

fig. 4.6- Satellite image of site - 2016

fig. 4.7 - Satellite image of site - 2019

53

4.2 Site Observation :

fig. 4.8 - Site location

N.T.S.

fig. 4.9 - Infographic on how to identify trees

54

4.3 Site Analysis :

Existing trees on site - Pipal tree - Gulmahor tree - Badam tree - Neem tree - Ashok tree - Coconut palm - Karen - Thuja - Bougainvillea - champa tree - Shrubs

fig. 4.10 - Plan showing location of tree

N.T.S.

Existing Context of site: - Residential Zone - Occupation Based Users - Surrounded by Vendors - vegetable markets - heavy traffic daily - temples - commercial zone - Garden - Historic Buildings

fig. 4.11 - Context of Gangajaliya lake

N.T.S.

55

fig.4.12 - Important landmarks around Gangajaliya lake

N.T.S.

fig. 4.13 - Built Vs. Open Map

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56

fig. 4.14 - Green Cover & Open Spaces

N.T.S.

fig. 4.15 - Land Use map

N.T.S.

57

fig. 4.16 - Sun path diagram on site

N.T.S.

fig. 4.17 - wind direction on site

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58

fig. 4.18 - Topography of site

N.T.S.

08 : 00

12 : 00

16 : 00

20 : 00

fig. 4.19 - traffic throughout the day

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900 m 800 m 700 m 600 m 500 m 400 m 300 m 200 m 100 m

fig. 4.20 - Vicinity map

N.T.S.

2 16

3 15

14

5

4

1

13

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6 8

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19 18

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fig. 4.21 - Near by public buildings

100 m -petrol pump, hotel, restaurants, hotel 200 m -temple, hotel, post office, jilla panchayat office, school, business center, police chowki 300 m -townhall, veg & fruit market, LIC office, ATM, local bus stand 400 m -hotel, school, jilla sarkari sangh, market, bank, hostel, masjid, BMC, ATM, multiplex 500 m -college, temple, hotel, hospital, masjid, bank, guest house, post office, police station, bank, garden 600 m -temple, restaurants, bank 700 m -Library, bank, school, police quarter, ATM, hospital 800 m -railway station, pani purvatha vibhag, taluka panchayat 900 m -GSRTC bus stand

1- Business Center 2- Vegetable & fruit market 3- Multi level parking 4- Local Bus Satnd 5- Gangaderi 6- Sanatan Dharma High School 7- Gangajaliya lake 8- Jashonath chowk 9- Sagar compex 10- Townhall 11- Jilla Panchayat Kacheri 12- Mahila baug 13- Lal Davakhanu 14- Ghogha gate 15- LIC building 16- Vadva 17- Pilgarden 18- Jashonath temple 19- Taxi stand 20- ayurved college

N.T.S.

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4.3 Site Photographs :

fig. 4.22 - from the terrace of the business centre looking towards lake

fig. 4.23 - small entry to the gangaderi, chaos on the road, encroachment of venders

fig. 4.24 - Gangaderi

fig. 4.25 - Business centre

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fig. 4.26 - commercial edge has covered Mahila baug

fig. 4.27 - from inside of the Mahila baug, toilet, small gate for entrance, shops act as a 6 meter

fig. 4.28 - condition of inside mahila baug

62

fig. 4.29 - Abandoned structure

fig. 4.30 - abandoned library and locked 2nd entry of Mahila baug

high compound wall, place used as dumpyard of scrap, not maintained, lot of trees

fig. 4.31 - From business centre

fig. 4.32 - Opposite edge of Mahila baug

63

fig. 4.33 - Small Enterance to Mahila Baug

fig. 4.35 - Path connecting two gate of Mahila baug

fig. 4.34 - From pathway of Lake

64

fig. 4.36 - Ghogha Gate Junction

fig. 4.37- Key plan for photograph

N.T.S.

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Chapter

FIVE

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5.1 Design conceptual :

fig. 5.1 - Tree layout plan

N.T.S.

site area 15456 sq. mt 5 x 5 mt grid on the site Black hatch 297 square Total 7425 sq.mt builtable area

fig. 5.2 - Space without trees

N.T.S.

67

SWOT Analysis : STRENGTH :

WEAKNESS :

OPPORTUNITY :

THREATS :

- Large open space in a dense residential area.

- The existing flora on site creates a microclimate in the urban city.

- Can occupy large no. of citizens

- Bounded by four side with 6m high commercial edge - Heavy traffic on road - Used for gathering metal scrap - Not well maintained

- Potential to become a Public Space in a dense residential city fabric - Due to road broadening process commercial edge would be gone

- Large open space is lying in inner part of city - Vendors have difficulties in their routine life

fig. 5.3 - Lake and Site shares a Common Road

N.T.S.

fig. 5.4 - Visual or Physical connection of site

N.T.S.

68

fig. 5.5 - Diagrams with context 69

fig. 5.6 - Diagrams of massing

70

fig. 5.7 - Diagrams of massing

71

fig. 5.9 - Entrance foyer

fig. 5.8 - Compound wall as a vendors shop

fig. 5.10 - Enrtry from road edge

fig. 5.12 - Connection to lake

fig. 5.11 - Entrance from corner

fig. 5.13 - idea about function

72

fig. 5.14 - Bubble diagram

N.T.S.

fig. 5.15 - Massing with context model

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73

fig. 5.16 - Massing with context model

N.T.S.

fig. 5.17 - Massing with context model

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fig. 5.18 - Massing option in the Mahila Baug

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N.T.S.

fig. 5.19 - Process Layout in review-3 76

N.T.S.

fig. 5.20 - schematic section in review-3

N.T.S.

77

fig. 5.21 - schematic exploded isometric in review-3 78

N.T.S.

fig. 5.22 - Schmeatic view with respect to site in review-3

N.T.S.

fig. 5.23 - Schmeatic design sketch form with respect to site in review-3

N.T.S.

REVIEW - 3 feedback - It seems small small buildings are put together. How to look at it wholistically - How to tie them - There is nothing common in this - How should you define architectural spaces so as to provide bufer spaces within?

- Resolve the design issues minutely 79

fig. 5.24 - Site sketch with respect to context

fig. 5.25 - Visual connection with lake

fig. 5.26 - Visual and physical connection with lake

80

fig. 5.27 - Secions shows connection with lake After before situation

fig. 5.28 - Sketch shows large open space connected with lake

81

fig. 5.29 - Sketch of whole building impact to the site and lake

fig. 5.30 - Sketch of masssing in site

N.T.S.

82

fig. 5.31 - Schematic ground floor layout

N.T.S. 83

fig. 5.32 - Schematic services in ground floor

N.T.S.

fig. 5.33 - Schematic service and movement in first floor

N.T.S.

84

fig. 5.34 - Exhibition floor schematic plan

N.T.S.

fig. 5.35 - Schematic exploded of floor plates

N.T.S.

85

Plate - 1

Plate - 2

Plate - 3

Plate - 4

Plate - 5

Plate - 6

Plate - 7

Plate - 8

Plate - 9

Plate - 10

Plate - 11

Plate - 12

5.3 Views of design :

View - 1

View - 2

98

View - 3

View - 4

99

View - 5

View - 6

100

View - 7

View - 8

101

Conclusion Gangajaliya Lake is situated in the dense fabric of the old city in northern Bhavnagar. It is surrounded by a road network and some commercial buildings on all sides & currently is unused to minimal use for public activity. Gangajaliya lake also suffers from encroachments by vendors and rickshaw parking. And there is a Mahlia Baug which is quite unused space in terms of public activity and this both place is divided by a Moti Baug road. With a hope to revive both space and make them a united place for upliftment of that area, A city Heritage Museum along with library archives facilities, souvenir shop, canteen and lake development programs are to be executed for revival of both areas. This will create a great opportunity for citizens and tourists to visit such a large space in the old city area of Bhavnagar.

Question asked by the jury members 1. Jury members wanted to know Why it is not more contextual in terms of local material, architectural form and laguaguage in building typology.

2. What were the aspects for designing the open space and such road network & why stuck to this idea, initial ideas are very strong.

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Work Cited About Architects, Architecture, S. and P. M. (1995). Juxt-a-position. https:// jusstaposition.wordpress.com/category/1995/ Advisor, T. (2020). Explore Bhavnagar. https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g679050-d2667776-Reviews-Victoria_Park-Bhavnagar_Bhavnagar_District_Gujarat.html Archdaily. (2019). New Acropolis Museum / Bernard Tschumi Architects. https://www.archdaily.com/61898/new-acropolis-museum-bernard-tschumi-architects Architects, S. (2020). Khalsa Heritage Centre. http://cac.mcgill.ca/moshesafdie/fullrecord.php?ID=10862&d=1 Chaudhari, S. (n.d.). A Study Of Port And Bhavnagar City [Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University]. https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/86467 Contributors, W. (2020). Bhavnagar State. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Bhavnagar_State Corporation, B. M. (2018). Places to See With In City. https://www.bmcgujarat.com/PlacesToSee.aspx Corporation, B. M. (2019). Bhavnagar History. https://www.bmcgujarat.com/ History.aspx Correa, C. (2016). Gandhi Memorial Museum (Sabarmati Ashram).

ArchEyes. https://archeyes.com/sabarmati-ashram-museum-gandhi-residence-charles-correa/ FINDLEN, P. (1989). THE MUSEUM: ITS CLASSICAL ETYMOLOGY AND RENAISSANCE GENEALOGY. Journal of the History of Collections, Volume 1(Issue 1), 59–78. https://academic.oup.com/jhc/article-abstract/1/1/59/673766 Korat, P. G. (2015). Contribution of Shree Gaurishanker Udayshanker oza gaga oza in the development of the Bhavnagar state. https://shodhganga. inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/47797 Museums, H. of. (2020). Different Types of Museums. http://www.historyofmuseums.com/museum-facts/types-of-museum/ Online, world weather. (2020). Bhavnagar Monthly Climate Averages. https://www.worldweatheronline.com/lang/en-in/bhavnagar-weather-averages/gujarat/in.aspx

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Pvt, T. M. I. (2019). Victoria Park Bhavnagar, Gujarat. https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/gujarat/victoria-park-bhavnagar.html singh kanwal Harkunwar. (2013). jashn-E-Punjab. https://issuu.com/harkunwarsingh/docs/thesis_end-compressed Tourism, G. (2020). Gaurishankar lake. https://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/5/229

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List of Figures

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List of Figures

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List of Figures

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List of Figures

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List of Figures

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List of Figures

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List of Plates

List of Views

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