Figure 5.11. Piaget's stages of cognitive development

The stage occurs during early adolescence and at this stage the child engages in more abstract thin thinking by this point, the child's cognitive structures are like those of an adult and include conceptual reasoning. This is the highest level of thinking stage and child is capable of going beyond the concrete evidence.

Active engagement and exploration – inheritance and maturation as well as experience alone cannot explain the cognitive development.

Cognitive development-based on learner’s active engagement with exploration of their physical and social world. Teaching and learning need to be active, exploratory processes if the teacher optimizes things out, to experiment and discover things, to question, discuss and to reflect and solve problems themselves. Unevenness of cognitive development, cognitive development is uneven process, different learner make gear shift at different time and different learning area social context in which child is developing and the demands of that context influence the learner’s progression. Teacher interpret Piagetian stage in terms of limitation than in progressive potential. Emphasis on potential make teaching very different process from an emphasis on limitation.

Source: @google