Too posh to push by Viola Bernacchi

TOO POSH TO PUSH A socio-cultural overview about the perceived image of Caesaren section in Italy and France.

Too Posh To Push A socio-cultural overview about the perceived image of C.S. in Italy and France

Federico Assi Viola Bernacchi Beatrice D’Agostino Francesco Leoni Andrea Maria Perroni Laboratorio di Sintesi Finale A.Y. 2012/2013 M. Sc. Communication Design School of Design Politecnico di Milano

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Summary

00. Introduction

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01. Controversy

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02. Protocol

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03. Overview of actors on the web

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04. The perceived image of C.S.

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05. The controversy on the web

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06. Future develops

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00. Introduction

00.1 W.H.O. and Caesarean Section W.H.O. is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and global standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends. In 1985 the W.H.O. stated :there is no justification for any region to have cs rates higher than 10-15%. Nowadays, however, the optimal rate of births remains controversial in both developing and developed countries. In fact, in June 2010 the World Health Organi-

zation officially withdrew its previous recommendation of a 15% C-section rates. Their official statement reads, “There is no empirical evidence for an optimum percentage. What matters most is that all women who need caesarean sections receive them.” This statement of W.H.O. itself evidences the complexity of the controversy and the difficulty to find an objective parameter to describe and border this phenomena. Considered that, the aim of the research is to analyse how web users deal with this topic and how W.H.O. appeares from the web interconnections.

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Ųų. Controversy In countries with a similar socio cultural context and a different incidence of Caesarean Section, what is the perceived image of C.S.?

01.1 C.S. Percentage. Controversy pursuit. Analyzing the latest W.H.O. health reports the goal was to have, at a glance, a general overview of the c.s. incidence in countries all over the World. Among the many data offered, the attention was focused on c.s. percentage, neonatal mortality and expence in health system as a percentage of the G.D.P. of each country. In order to find the G.D.P. per state, the data used came from the International Monetary Fund (data relative to 2011), dividing the values in 9 ranges.

C.S. over 15% The bar graph in the following pages shows the strong link between lower G.D.P. ranges and a high incidence of neonatal mortality. The economical factor is linked as well with a c.s. percentage lower than the 1015%, as prescribed in 1985 by W.H.O. It is clear that, in this situation, c.s. is rarely or never elective so it doesn’t represent a strong controversy.

On the contrary, in countries where percentage of c.s. grow s over 10%, economic situation is not as relevant as in the case we considered before. Here the situation appears decisely more complex: neonatal mortality is generally very low but there is not a common economical trend. By observing the graph appeares strange that countries economically similar and geographically close could have such a different c.s. incidence. The focus of the report is the couple Italy and France, one of the most interesting examples of this situation. Both nations are part of European Union, have a similar population and both are in the highest G.D.P. range. Although their c.s, incidence strongly diverges. Italy is an important case of study also because has the third highest c.s. percentage in the world and the first in Europe. Beside, France has a percentage of circa the half of the italian one.

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Controversy

01.2 Why France and Italy.

10% W.H.O. recognised accettable caesarean rat

Two compared case studies. These considerations brought to ask ourself why countries with similar socio-cultural, economical and geographical characteristics could have such a different incidence of caesarean section. What is the perceived image of c.s. in these countries? Can the web influence the choice of c.s. by giving a different idea of it by images and discussions? To try to answer this question will be the aim of the report.

Chad Burkina Faso Ethiopia Niger Mali Eritrea Guinea Equatorial Guinea Cambodia Nigeria Mozambico Cameroon Tajikistan Zambia Nepal Zimbawe Rwanda Haiti Malawi Uganda Mauritania Congo Senegal Liberia Turkmenistan Bangladesh Benin Kenia Congo-kinshasa Indonesia Papua Azerbaijan Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Lesotho Morocco Gabon Ivory Coast Ghana Pakistan Botswana Swaziland India Armenia Philippines Djibuti Kazakhstan Vietnam Ukraine Cape Verde Macedonia Montenegro Guatemala Saudi Arabia Namibia Georgia Honduras Netherlands Kuwait Bolivia Serbia Syria

% Infant mortality % Caesarean section

G.D.P. G.D.P. invested in health service Africa Asia Latin America Oceania Europe Northern America

France | caesaren section percentage: 18,8% Official name: UN member since: EU member since:

French Republic 24-10-1945 25-03-1957

Surface: Population: Density:

543 965 km² 62 793 432 ab 115 ab./km²

G.D.P. and % of expence in Healt System 2000/5000 billions $ źɄƌ

Bolivia Serbia Syria Arab Emirates Iceland Perù Finland Croatia Slovenia Sweden Norway Russia Thailandia Hungary Czech Rep. Giordania France Estonia Israel Lithuania Belarus Nicaragua Slovakia Denmark Tunisia Tanzania South Africa Latvia Turkey Romania United Kingdom El Salvador Lebanon Bulgaria New Zeland Uruguay Luxembourg Albania Spain Venezuela Irland Ecuador Austria Canada Colombia Paraguay Egypt Germany Cuba Switzerland U.S.A. Chile Australia Portugal Malta Mexico South Korea Italy China Dominican Rep. Brazil

Controversy

15% arean rate 100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20% 15% 10%

0/10 billions $

10/20 b. $

20/50 b. $

50/100 b. $

100/200 b. $

200/500 b. $

500/1000 b. $

1000/2000 b. $

2000/5000 b. $

5000/10000 b. $

> 10000 b. $

Italy | caesaren section percentage: 38,2%

Official name: UN member since: EU member since:

Italian Republic 14-12-1955 25-03-1957

Surface: Population: Density:

301 340 km² 61.261.254 ab 202,00 ab./km²

G.D.P. and % of expence in Healt System

2000/5000 billions $

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Protocol

QUERIES CHOICE

One Keyword

Category of actors

ƌɄCésarienne ƌɄ -/*Ʉ . - *

ƌɄ $ 'Ʉ ..* $ /$*). ƌɄ *-0(.Ʉ!*-Ʉ(*/# -. ƌɄ *+0' -Ʉ*)'$) Ʉ( " 5$) .

Google images.it

Google trends.it

Google web.it

Google images.fr

Google trends.fr

Google web.fr

CORPUS images related urls

CORPUS urls links

Gephi Image plot

Alchemy

RELATIONS NET

GRAPH COMPARISON Gephi

SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

02. Protocol

02.1 Introduction. Research approach. To conduct the research, the guidelines pursued are oriented to three main topics: actors of the controversy identified on the web, perceived image of c.s. given by browsers and web discussion about the main issue. Each part contributes in giving an exaustive idea of what is the perceived image of c.s., intended not just from its visual aspect but also as the awareness of users about the controversed topic. On one hand a general keyword is cosidered for each country by translating caesarean section in italian and french. The two final queries are “parto cesareo” for Italy and “césarienne” for France. Those keywords are used to search images on the national Google and to focus on Google trends to find the most commonly connected words.

The first passage bring to the acquisition of two images and related URLs corpus. The second one specified other queries to enlarge the URLs corpus and its panorama of connections. On the other hand is manually detected a group a queries which represent the main actors of the controversy on the web. This step of the research takes advantage of previous research studies in the field of socio cultural aspects of c.s. such as scientific papers, media surveys and institutionals documents. The consecutive part of the research, focused on data visualization, is based on the use of specific digital tools and a individual effort of analysis and interpretation of the datasets and their content.

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Protocol

02.3 Corpus.

Category of actors.

Overview of actors in the web.

Ć&#x152; $ 'É&#x201E; ..* $ /$*).Ć&#x2020;

Ć&#x152; **"' É&#x201E;- Ĺ¨) Ć&#x2020;

National, subnational or regional organizations of professionals related to sanitary system, they can be as public as private.

Tool to clear, refine and transform messy datasets. Used to simplify keywords and categorizations.

Ć&#x152; *-0(É&#x201E;!*-É&#x201E;(*/# -.Ć&#x2020;

Ć&#x152; ( " É&#x201E;+'*/Ć&#x2020;

Preferred debating platforms for women who are attending, living o remembering their pregnancy and delivery.

Visualization software developed by Dr. Lev Manovich to order on Cartesian axis group of images. Used to analyse categories of pictures.

Ć&#x152; *+0' -É&#x201E;*)'$) É&#x201E;( " 5$) .Ć&#x2020;

Ć&#x152; 1$ - 2' -Ć&#x2020;

One of the most relevant source of information among media active on the web.

Firefox applet to map URLs relations and connections. Used to analyse the URLs corpus networks.

These actors concerns the first chapter of analysis proposed in the report.

02.3 Tools. Softwares adoperated in research. Ć&#x152; ' # (4 Ć&#x2020; Cloud based text mining platform providing semantic tagging. Used for semantic analysis of URLs corpus.

Ć&#x152; 3 'Ć&#x2020; Spreadsheets application featuring calculation, graphing tools and tables. Used to analyse and sort every datasets.

Ć&#x152; +#$Ć&#x2020; Interactive visualization and exploration platform to show complex systems, dynamic and hierarchical graphs. Used to visualize semantic analysis and networks of URLs.

ĹłĹ´É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

Ć&#x152; / '4Ć&#x2020; www.aogoi.it www.agico.it/Agico-2007/home.asp www.ageo-federazione.it www.aigoc.com www.aguionline.it www.irisassociazione.it/index.html www.associazioneitalianaostetricia.it forum.pianetamamma.it forum.noimamme.it forum.quimamme.leiweb.it forum.alfemminile.com http://www.repubblica.it http://www.ilmessaggero.it http://www.corriere.it http://www.iodonna.it http://www.donnamoderna.com http://www.ilpost.it http://www.giornalettismo.com http://www.alfemminile.com

Ć&#x152; - ) Ć&#x2020; www.cngof.asso.fr www.fncgm.com www.agof.fr www.aigm.asso.fr/wp/index.php www.syngof.fr/site www.nosgynecos.com www.agyl-strasbourg.com forum.doctissimo.fr www.maman-blues.fr www.aufeminin.com/forum www.lescigognes.net/forum/viewforum. php?f=62 forums.france5.fr/lesmaternelles/ Cotemere/liste_sujet-1.htm http://www.leparisien.fr http://www.lefigaro.fr http://www.lemonde.fr http://www.femina.fr http://www.femmeactuelle.fr http://www.linternaute.com http://www.aufeminin.com

Protocol

The perceived images of C.S. ƌ / '4Ɔ http://blog.mammenellarete.it http://chiarafinotti.wordpress.com http://circoncisione.forumcommunity.net http://consumatori.myblog.it http://cosedicasa.noiblogger.com http://dannagiancarlo.blogspot.it http://eolopress.it http://fondazioneveronesi.it http://ghostchange.blogspot.it http://it.123rf.com http://it.over-blog.com http://it.wikinoticia.com http://lavventuradiunavita.blogspot.it http://leragazze.wordpress.com http://o.elobot.it http://partonaturale.nelblog.com http://senorbabylon.blogspot.it http://social-news.net http://tube.7s-b.com http://valentina.duestrade.it http://www.ajilbab.com http://www.albanesi.it http://www.alfemminile.com http://www.allpepper.it http://www.amando.it http://www.attualissimo.it http://www.azonzotravel.com http://www.babybazar.it http://www.balcanicaucaso.org http://www.balordaggine.com http://www.bambinopoli.it http://www.bebeblog.it http://www.bella24.it http://www.bemamma.it http://www.bergamosera.com http://www.bimbisaniebelli.it http://www.blitzquotidiano.it http://www.bravibimbi.it http://www.cilentonotizie.it http://www.cittadiroma-anestesia.it http://www.clinicaveterinariagaia.com http://www.corriere.it http://www.corriereinformazione.it http://www.corrieresanita.eu http://www.corsopreparto.com http://www.diariodelweb.it http://www.diredonna.it http://www.doctissimo.it http://www.doctorlivenews.it http://www.donnad.it http://www.donnainsalute.it http://www.donnamoderna.com

http://www.ecomammaebimbo.com http://www.equazioni.org http://www.essere-mamma.it http://www.esseredonnaonline.it http://www.evoluzionefamiglia.it http://www.fanpage.it http://www.farmacoecura.it http://www.gaianews.it http://www.gaianews.it http://www.galatina.it http://www.gazzettadiparma.it http://www.genitoricrescono.com http://www.giornaledipuglia.com http://www.gossipblog.it http://www.gravidanzaconsapevole.org http://www.gravidanzaonline.it http://www.guidaconsumatore.com http://www.guidone.it http://www.gyneconline.net http://www.ilgiornale.it http://www.ilrestodelgargano.it http://www.ilsole24ore.com http://www.ilsussidiario.net http://www.inerboristeria.com http://www.infanzia.it http://www.informarea.it http://www.informasalus.it http://www.janusonline.it http://www.lagravidanza.net http://www.lastampa.it http://www.leadershipmedica.com http://www.leiweb.it http://www.leonardo.it http://www.libero.it http://www.livejournal.it http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com http://www.mala-sanita.net http://www.mamma10.it http://www.mammaimperfetta.it http://www.mammaoggi.it http://www.mammedomani.it http://www.mammeunite.it http://www.maternage.it http://www.medicinalive.com http://www.meditalia.net http://www.miobambino.it http://www.mirorenzaglia.org http://www.modenaonline.info http://www.mondobimbiblog.com http://www.mondorosa.com http://www.nanopress.it http://www.newsfarmacia.com http://www.newspedia.it http://www.nostrofiglio.it http://www.ogginotizie.it http://www.oltrefreepress.com http://www.oneprice.it

http://www.pagineprezzi.it http://www.peacelink.it http://www.periodofertile.it http://www.permamma.it http://www.personaldreamer.com http://www.pianetadonna.it http://www.pianetamamma.it http://www.pisanotizie.it http://www.piusanipiubelli.it http://www.pourfemme.it http://www.primocanaledica33.it http://www.provincia.grosseto.it http://www.quandonasceunamamma.com http://www.quisalutedonna.it http://www.repubblica.it http://www.salute-italia.it http://www.sanioggi.it http://www.sapere.it http://www.saperidoc.it http://www.sassarinotizie.com http://www.spaziomamma.com http://www.stetoscopio.net http://www.swissinfo.ch http://www.tantasalute.it http://www.telemeditalia.it http://www.telereggio.it http://www.tgcom24.it http://www.tuttasalute.net http://www.tuttogratis.it http://www.tuttomamma.com http://www.tuttoperlei.it http://www.tuttosteopatia.it http://www.universonline.it http://www.vanityfair.it http://www.vitadamamma.com http://www.vivodibenessere.it http://www.wn.com http://www.womenology.it http://www.yourself.it

ƌ - ) Ɔ http://blog.aufeminin.com/blog http://123news.fr http://accoucherautrement.free.fr http://annliz.blogspace.fr http://aspa45.skyrock.com http://avoir-un-bebe.onlc.be http://barbiv.skyrock.com http://battlefrite.com http://blog2dwa.wordpress.com http://blogdedwige.centerblog.net http://commons.wikimedia.org http://commons.wikimedia.org http://docteurdavidelia.fr http://eurekaweb.free.fr

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Protocol

http://femmes.orange.fr http://femmes.portail.free.fr http://fr.123rf.com http://generations.fr http://grossesse.aujourdhui.com http://grossesse.comprendrechoisir.com http://hommelibre.blog.tdg.ch http://leplus.nouvelobs.com http://mammouth-destroyer.musicblog.fr http://maternagealgerie.over-blog.com http://naitre-la-vie-bb.blogspot.it http://naitreetgrandir.com/fr http://naitreetgrandir.over-blog.org http://pdfcast.org http://people.premiere.fr http://quebecavecunq.over-blog.com http://revesdebulle.blogspot.it http://roberaline.skyrock.com http://sage-femme-en-herbe.skyrock.com http://sante-medecine.commentcamarche. net http://sante-medecine.lefigaro.fr http://supermaman.over-blog.fr http://suzanne-et-lesnuages.blogueuse.fr http://sweet-jolie.skyrock.com http://talent.paperblog.fr http://thedomainfo.com http://theses.vet-alfort.fr http://tianplus.blogs.nouvelobs.com http://tvanouvelles.ca http://uneautrevie-stefe.blogspot.it http://video.vivolta.com http://vives-les-bebes.skyrock.com http://voyage-nature.over-blog.com http://vrairap.unblog.fr http://www.9mois-emoi.com http://www.9moisenmoi.org http://www.actustar.com http://www.agriaffaires.com http://www.algerie360.com http://www.allodocteurs.fr http://www.aspq.org/fr http://www.aufeminin.com http://www.babyfrance.com http://www.babymag.ch/fr http://www.bebe.mu http://www.bivouac-id.com http://www.bloc.com http://www.cesarienne.net http://www.cesarine.org http://www.chiens-online.com http://www.chirurgie-adherences.fr http://www.clinique-bourgoin.com http://www.clubsuissedesparents.ch http://www.co-naitre.ch http://www.comparaison-assurancemutuelle.com

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http://www.coop.ch http://www.cote-momes.com http://www.coupdepouce.com http://www.courrierinternational.com http://www.delta-force.com http://www.desordre.net http://www.dix-15.ac-clermont.fr http://www.docbuzz.fr http://www.docteur-benchimol.com http://www.doctissimo.fr http://www.e-sante.be http://www.e-sante.fr http://www.eco-beaute.com http://www.editionsfides.com http://www.elle.fr http://www.enceinte.com http://www.etreenceinte.com http://www.exporevue.com http://www.famili.fr http://www.femina.ch http://www.feminimix.com http://www.femininbio.com http://www.femmeactuelle.fr http://www.ffl.lu http://www.francesoir.fr http://www.futura-sciences.com http://www.futura-sciences.com/fr http://www.goodassur.com http://www.grainedecurieux.fr http://www.gralon.net http://www.guide-du-moutard.com http://www.gyneco-ledigabel.fr http://www.hellocoton.fr http://www.infobebes.com http://www.jetaimemaman.net http://www.journaldesfemmes.com http://www.ladepeche.fr http://www.lapresse.ca http://www.lavieeco.com http://www.lechodelatuque.com http://www.lecoinbio.com http://www.lefigaro.fr http://www.lemonde.fr http://www.lepoint.fr http://www.lesquotidiennes.com http://www.letemps.ch http://www.librairiepantoute.com http://www.ludsyga.net http://www.magicmaman.com http://www.mamanbobo.fr http://www.mamanpourlavie.com http://www.materneo.com http://www.maternite-chu-angers.fr http://www.maternite-grossesse.fr http://www.maxisciences.com http://www.mazeron-sas.com http://www.mc.be

http://www.medicalorama.com http://www.metakisbulls.fr http://www.monbebe.com http://www.monvet.com http://www.mumtobeparty.com http://www.my-egg.fr http://www.neufmois.fr http://www.news-de-stars.com http://www.oc-sante.fr http://www.ombrel.fr http://www.onnemavaitpasditque.com http://www.ookoodoo.com/fr http://www.osteopathie-64.fr http://www.paperblog.fr http://www.paroledemamans.com http://www.perinat-france.org http://www.perineology.com http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca http://www.planet.vertbaudet.com http://www.posh24.fr http://www.psychologies.com http://www.public.fr http://www.radio-canada.ca http://www.republicoftogo.com http://www.rueducommerce.fr http://www.sante-tn.com http://www.santevet.com http://www.semainesgrossesse.com http://www.she.be/fr http://www.slate.fr http://www.sofamille.com http://www.solvital.fr http://www.super-bebe.fr http://www.tequibou.com http://www.tertrerouge.fr http://www.testinthecity.com http://www.topsante.com http://www.tounesalyaoum.com http://www.tout-sante.com http://www.unitheque.com http://www.yoopa.ca

Protocol

The controversy on the web. ƌ / '4Ɔ http://bari.repubblica.it http://blog.mammenellarete.it http://chiediallostetrica.blogspot.it http://forum.alfemminile.com http://forum.gravidanzaonline.it http://forum.pianetamamma.it http://it.wikipedia.org http://lamiaostetrica.it http://mamma.pourfemme.it http://medicinaeprevenzione. paginemediche.it http://partonaturale.org http://quimamme.leiweb.it http://ricerca.repubblica.it http://valentina.duestrade.it http://vivalamamma.tgcom24.it http://www.alfemminile.com http://www.angolodonne.it http://www.asf.toscana.it http://www.associazioneitalianaostetricia. it http://www.bambinopoli.it http://www.benessere.com http://www.blogmamma.it http://www.cercounbimbo.net http://www.cmsantagostino.it http://www.dolceattesa.rcs.it http://www.dolcemamma.it http://www.donnamoderna.com http://www.drorlandella.it/ http://www.fnco.it http://www.fondazionembbm.it http://www.genitorichannel.it http://www.ginecologia.it http://www.ginecologo.it http://www.gravidanzaonline.it http://www.guidaconsumatore.com http://www.gyneconline.net http://www.hsacco.it http://www.hsr.it http://www.humanitas.it http://www.idoctors.it http://www.ieo.it http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it http://www.inerboristeria.com http://www.infanziabambini.it http://www.lagazzettadelmezzogiorno.it http://www.mammafelice.it http://www.mammole.it http://www.marsupioscuola.it http://www.medicitalia.it http://www.nostrofiglio.it

http://www.oirmsantanna.piemonte.it http://www.ostetricagiorgiatiz.it http://www.partecipasalute.it http://www.partonaturale.net http://www.pianetamamma.it http://www.psico-terapia.it http://www.rssp.salute.gov.it http://www.salute.gov.it http://www.salutedonna.it http://www.sanihelp.it http://www.sanita.padova.it http://www.saperidoc.it http://www.sceglitu.it http://www.snlg-iss.it http://www.stradaperunsogno.com

http://www.pagesjaunes.fr http://www.sage-femme.be http://www.sages-femmes-idf.fr http://www.sciencedirect.com http://www.slate.fr

ƌ - ) Ɔ http://accoucherautrement.free.fr http://forum.aufeminin.com http://fr.wikipedia.org http://gyneco-obstetrique.hug-ge.ch http://sante-az.aufeminin.com http://sante-medecine.commentcamarche. net/ http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com http://www.118000.fr http://www.alternatives.be http://www.ameli.fr http://www.annonces-medicales.com http://www.aufeminin.com http://www.cesarienne.net/ http://www.chu-clermontferrand.fr http://www.chu-nantes.fr http://www.cngof.asso.fr http://www.docteurkadoch.com http://www.doctissimo.fr http://www.e-sante.fr http://www.elsevier.com http://www.enceinte.com http://www.enfant.com http://www.etreenceinte.com http://www.has-sante.fr http://www.hebamme.ch/fr/ http://www.ifchurennes.fr http://www.infirmiers.com http://www.infobebes.com http://www.lagynecologie.fr http://www.lemonde.fr http://www.letudiant.fr http://www.liberation.fr http://www.linternaute.com http://www.magicmaman.com http://www.masexualite.ca/fr http://www.monbebe.com http://www.neufmois.fr

ƌɄųŷ

Overview of actors on the web

QUERIES CHOICE Category of actors

Association des Gynécologues Association des Obstétriciens Forum mères

Associazione ginecologi Associazione ostetrici Forum madre

Most popular online magazines

Google.fr

Google.it

CORPUS

19 urls

Navicrawler

manual cleaning

Gephi

GRAPH COMPARISON ųŸɄƌ

Ųŵ. Overview of actors on the web

03.1 Introduction. Definition of the corpus. In the first part of the report is underlined the necessity to find out who are the main actors of the controversy and how the act on the web. The choice of the research queries to define actors “Medical associations” and “Forum for mothers” is based on objective parameters. For “Medical associations” are used as queries “associazione ginecologi” and “associazione ostetrici” for Italy and “association des gynécologues” and “association des obstétriciéns” for France, tranlation of “gynecologist association” and “obstetric association”. From the Google results are chosen the most renowed official institutions on the web.

For “Forum for mothers” are used as queries “forum madre” and “forum gravidanza for Italy” and “forum mères” and “forum grossesse” for France, translation of “forum mothers” and “forum pregnancy”. From the Google results are choosen the most well known platforms. Choosing only forum for the actor “Mother” is motivated by the idea of her active partecipation in forum platforms. The choice of the URLs related to the actor “Media” is defined according to the Alexa ranking of the five hundred top sites ordered by traffic rank in Italy and France. The group of chosen URLs contains the first digital magazines and blogs for women.

ƌɄųŹ

Overview of actors on the web

03.2 Actors network. How actors communicate in Italy. The URLs of the corpus were insered in Navicrawler to extract their links and connections. After a manually cleaning of the data, they are visualized via Gephi to underline the way the actors communicate and determinate their clusters. In order to show attraction and repulsion among them, we

use a ForceAtlas 2 Layout. The network, in Italy, is centered on a nucleus of Governative, Institutionals websites and Medical associations websites. On the edges of the network are represented Media and Mothers websites.

Media Mother Medical association Medical structure Media

Institutions

Mother

Religion

Medical association

Foundation

Medical structure

Economics

Institutions

Legal

Religion

ųźɄƌ

Foundation Economics Legal

Overview of actors on the web

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ĹłÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E;MOTHER & MEDIA The two categories are strictly linked and communicate mostly between

them. Their position on the edges of the network shows their marginality respect the nucleus.

Ĺ´É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; E S Moslty composed by institutionals websites and medical associations web-

sites, show several links also to medical structure, and foundation websites.

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Overview of actors on the web

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ĹľÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; M .C M This case represent the most relevant point of connections of the actors Media and Mother. This is possible thank to the presence, in the â&#x20AC;&#x153;alfemminile. comâ&#x20AC;? network, of a forum dedicated to women.

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ĹśÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; In Italy, religion websites â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;network is quite extended and branched. Although it rarely have connections with other categories.

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Overview of actors on the web

How actors communicate in France. In the french network, as happens in the italian one, Mothers and Media are pulled on the edges of the visualization and have few or none connections with the sites of the nucleus.

It is mostly composed by Medical associations websites with a low presence of Institutional and Governative websites. The network appeares less crowded compared to the italian one.

Media Mother Medical association Medical structure Institutions Religion Foundation Economics Legal

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Overview of actors on the web

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Ĺ¸É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

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ĹˇÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; Ć&#x2020; As â&#x20AC;&#x153;alfemminile.comâ&#x20AC;? network in Italy, also in France this cluster is teh most relevant point of contact of the Media and Mother category. This is explained from the belonging of the two websites to the same web portal.

Ĺ¸É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; In France the center of the network is mostly composed by medical associations websites. It is noticeable the presence of little clusters of Media and Law sites. On the other hand, the Institutional cluster is very little and marginal.

Overview of actors on the web

03.3 Conclusions. Visualizations show the general position of these main actors into the discussion network enlightening differences and affinities between Italy and France. Talking about common grounds, Media and Mothers actors in both cases are located in a border position and communicate mostly between them. The maximun example of relationship is the international platform “alfemminile.com” and “aufeminin.com”.

The major differences are located into the nucleus of the network: in Italy, the centre is occupied mostly by Institutional websites and Medical associations; in France, still remaining Medical associations, the presence of Institutions is lower. In the french nucleus appears a category not represented in Italy, that is to say Law. On the other hand, in Italy is very extended, even if not strongly linked, Religion category.

At the end, in Italy, a particulary interesting fact seems to be the central position occupied by Institutions such as government and W.H.O. Even if the both of them took a strong position against c.s. and they are in the middle of the medical debate, the percentage of c.s. is constantly increasing.

ƌɄŴŵ

The perceived image of C.S.

QUERIES CHOICE

Césarienne

Parto cesareo

Google.fr

Google.it

first 300 results

CORPUS

300 urls

images urls

Image plot Alchemy

GRAPH COMPARISON automatic/manual cleaning grouping by semantic areas

Gephi

SEMANTIC ANALYSIS ŴŶɄƌ

ŲŶ. The perceived image of C.S.

04.1 Introduction. The second part of our research report is focused on analysis of c.s. perceived image as it appares from web pictures. In order to define our images corpus two generic queries are inserted in national Google Images: for Google Images France is choose the query “césarienne” and for Google Images Italia the query “parto cesareo” wich both translate in french and italian the term “caesarean section”. From each research the first three hundred results are considered, corresponding to circa the first fifteen Google Images pages. The number of pictures was high enough to give an exaustive idea of the kind of

images given by Google but not too heavy to be processed. In the meanwhile, while creating the images corpus, all the relative URLs are savedin order to build with them two other corpus. Once finished this process, the research moves in two paralle directions: first are graphically compared the harvested images and their relevance in the google ranking, sorting them by main subjects. Then, by analysing the URls, the research evidences the website categories where is possible to find these pictures and who are the authors of the websites. Finally, by extracting keywords from the URLs corpus, starts the analysis of the semantic aspect of the research.

ƌɄŴŷ

The perceived image of C.S.

04.2É&#x201E; )&$)"Ć&#x2020; Images classification.

Those are, at a glance, all the first three hundred pictures that national Google Images offers in Italy and France. After a compared analysis of all the harvested pictures are recognised few categories which are the same in both countries and can be used to sort and divide the corpus by their main subjects.

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ĹłÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; In both cases all the images form the corpus were put in a singolar sequence in order to give a general overview of the firs Google images in Italy and France.

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The perceived image of C.S.

Categories. $ )/$Ĺ¨ É&#x201E;$''0./- /$*) Illustrations about C.S., delivery and pregnacy. They can be either drawed or 3D designed.

- ") ) 4 Pictures representing mothers before delivery. Also medical staff can be present in this category.

*/# Pictures representing women during or after delivery.

*/# -É&#x201E;Ć&#x17D;É&#x201E; 2 *-) Pictures representing mother with their newborn. They can be more or less realistics.

2 *-) Pictures representing newborn and babies in different situations. They can be more or less realistics.

2 *-)É&#x201E;Ć&#x17D;É&#x201E; $ 'É&#x201E;./ ĹŚ Pictures representing medical staff and newborn during or after delivery. They can be more or less realistics.

$ 'É&#x201E;./ ĹŚ Pictures representing medical staff at work or in pose.

0-" -4 Picture representing phases of operation where the newborn does not appear.

- +#$ Designed pictures with typography or graphs.

$+. Pictures representing vip mothers, babies or families.

/ -$) -4 Pictures representing animals or operations on animals.

$. '' ) *0. All the pictures not included into the previous categories and not particulary relevants for the research.

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The perceived image of C.S.

Ranking by category. -*É&#x201E; / "*-4É&#x201E;Ć&#x201C; (*/$*) 'Ć&#x201D;Ć&#x2020; In the italian corpus is easily noticeable a higher precence of images of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Emotionalâ&#x20AC;? macro category. Expecially â&#x20AC;&#x153;mother & newbornâ&#x20AC;? pictures are more common and more relevant in te Google ranking. Moreover, the others categories â&#x20AC;&#x153;motherâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;pregnacyâ&#x20AC;? are quite similar in both of the rankings.

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The macro category is comoposed by â&#x20AC;&#x153;pregnancyâ&#x20AC;?, â&#x20AC;&#x153;motherâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;mother & newbornâ&#x20AC;? pictures. It

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contains the most touching images where womens are represented before, during or after the delivery and often with their children.

The perceived image of C.S.

-*Ʉ / "*-4ɄƓ $ 'ƔƆ In both of the corpus pictures of the “medical” macro category are similary relevant. Even though is not possible to find very strong differences, in France the medical images seems to be a little higher in the Google ranking, expecially th ones from the category “surgery”.

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The macro category contains “newborn & medical staff”, “medical staff” and

“surgery” pictures. It contains mostly technical or rough images, often reportages in operating theatre.

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The perceived image of C.S.

/ "*-4É&#x201E;Ć&#x201C; 2 *-)Ć&#x201D;Ć&#x2020; Images from the category â&#x20AC;&#x153;newbornâ&#x20AC;? are disposed in a similar way and their number is not that different. In Italy there is a group of images higher in the ranking but this is the only noticeable difference.

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ĹˇÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; Images category â&#x20AC;&#x153;newbornâ&#x20AC;? is a medium between â&#x20AC;&#x153;emotionalâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;medicalâ&#x20AC;? groups. It is

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composed by quite different kinds of images: emotional and thechnical, rough and soft, realistic fictional.

The perceived image of C.S.

A Focus on France. / "*-$ .É&#x201E;Ć&#x201C; $+.Ć&#x201D;É&#x201E; ) É&#x201E;Ć&#x201C; / -$) -4Ć&#x201D;Ć&#x2020;

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Ĺ¸É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; É&#x201E; Is interesting to focus on two important categories in France: â&#x20AC;&#x153;veterinaryâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;vipsâ&#x20AC;?. They are very com-

mon to find in the images corpus and are quite relevant in Google ranking. The same categories, in Italy are definitely non so important and relevant.

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The perceived image of C.S.

Categories comparison. *(+ -$.*)Ʉ$)Ʉ*- -Ʉ 4Ʉ / "*-4Ɔ

*(+ -$.*)Ʉ$)Ʉ*- -Ʉ 4Ʉ // ) ) Ɔ

Here is a global view of the images subject in Italy and France. In the first comparative scheme is possible to notice the main differences between the same subjects: the first important observation is the higher number of “mother & newborn” in the italian corpus. In Italy is higher also the number of “surgery” images, even though their relevance is lower than the “mother & newborn” category. Other categories such as “pregnacy”, “newborn”, “newborn & medical staff” and “graphics” have quite the same relevance.

ŵŴɄƌ

Beside, in France have a higher relevance categories such as “surgery”, “veterinary”, “vips” and “miscellaneous”. The second graph shows the subjects in order by attendance. Is clearly noticeable a lower difference between the categories in France. On the contrary, in Italy is present a huge gap between most and least common subjects with a prevalence of “mother and newborn”, “pregnacy” and “newborn” categories.

The perceived image of C.S.

04.3 Images and authors. Relations between authors and image content. After analysing the subjects of the pictures corpus, is important to examine in depth which are the categories of website which propose this kind of subjects and who are the actors behind the sites. The corpus of URLs related to the images is divided into five categories: Portal, Blog, Digital Magazine, Regular Website and Image Archive.

indipendent citizens, Media company, Medical company, Other companies, Medical institutions and News. The dataset is visualized via Fineo tool to put in evidence, inside each website category, the connections between image subject and author.

Also authors are divided into ten categories: Indipendent cityzen, Indipendent medical figue, Association of indipendent medical figures, Association of

/ "*-4É&#x201E;Ć&#x201C; *-/ 'Ć&#x201D;Ć&#x2020; ĹšÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

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The perceived image of C.S.

BLOG

/ "*-4É&#x201E;Ć&#x201C; '*"Ć&#x201D;Ć&#x2020; ĹťÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

BLOG ĹłĹ˛É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

ĹťÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; The Blog category is the most relevant into the corpus. Is important to underline the presence of authors such ad Media companies and Indipendent citizens associations.

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ĹľĹśÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

The perceived image of C.S.

/ "*-4É&#x201E;Æ&#x201C; $"$/ 'É&#x201E; " 5$) Æ&#x201D;Æ&#x2020;

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The perceived image of C.S.

/ "*-4É&#x201E;Ć&#x201C; "0' -É&#x201E;2 .$/ Ć&#x201D;Ć&#x2020; REGULAR WEBSITE ĹłĹľÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

REGULAR WEBSITE ĹłĹśÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

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ĹłĹśÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; The Regular Website category is the most relevant into the fernch corpus. Here the main relevant authors are Media companies and also Medical companies.

The perceived image of C.S.

/ "*-4É&#x201E;Ć&#x201C; ( " É&#x201E; - #$1 Ć&#x201D;Ć&#x2020; IMAGE ARCHIVE ĹłĹˇÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

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04.4 Images characteristics. A qualitative analysis of images.

While analysing subjects, is fascinating the idea of an hypothetic bond between images main subjects, their colour and the emotion arouse. In order to visualize on a Cartesian plane all the images corpus disposed by median hue and brightness of the single pictures, can be used the ImagePlot tool. By measuring eanch image, it offers a describtion of its graphic characteristics.

common criteria in the disposition but, at the same time, have some evident differences. It is possible to associate subjects with hue and brightness ranges? Are those charachteristics relevant for the kind of message or emotion expressed by pictures? This kind of visual analysis tries to answer these questions.

From the analysis of this kind of graph is clearly showed that images, in both countries, respect some

Ć&#x152;É&#x201E;ĹľĹš

The perceived image of C.S.

/ '$ )É&#x201E;Æ&#x201C; 0 É&#x201E;Æ&#x17D;É&#x201E; -$"#/) ..Æ&#x201D;É&#x201E; $ "- (Æ&#x2020;

Å³Å¹É&#x201E; Æ&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; Æ&#x2C6;É&#x201E; ImagePlot visualization

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The perceived image of C.S.

Ć&#x201C; 0 É&#x201E;Ć&#x17D;É&#x201E; -$"#/) ..Ć&#x201D;É&#x201E; $ "- (É&#x201E;+ -É&#x201E; -*É&#x201E; / "*-4Ć&#x2020;

ĹłĹşÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; Emotional images create a crowded cluster in the light red zone. Here there are the mostly soft and fictional pictures.

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Medical images are more distributed all over the plan. Images near to the light red zone are more similar to the emotional ones.

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Ĺ´Ĺ˛É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; This category is distributed in the green-light blue zone (mostly realistic and rough) but also in the light red zone (mostly emotional and soft).

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The perceived image of C.S.

- ) #É&#x201E;Æ&#x201C; 0 É&#x201E;Æ&#x17D;É&#x201E; -$"#/) ..Æ&#x201D;É&#x201E; $ "- (Æ&#x2020;

Å´Å³É&#x201E;Æ&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; Æ&#x2C6; ImagePlot visualization

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The perceived image of C.S.

Æ&#x201C; 0 É&#x201E;Æ&#x17D;É&#x201E; -$"#/) ..Æ&#x201D;É&#x201E; $ "- (É&#x201E;+ -É&#x201E; -*É&#x201E; / "*-4Æ&#x2020;

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The perceived image of C.S.

04.4É&#x201E; '** É&#x201E;$( " .Ć&#x2020; An overview about imagesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; roughness. An analysis of the link between subjects, hue, brightness and emotion expressed, is impossible in a scientific context because there are not objective motivations. Although, is possible to define the roughness of the images sorting them by the presence or the absence of blood. Underlining the percentage of â&#x20AC;&#x153;bloodyâ&#x20AC;? images on the general subject comparison, is easily noticeable how, in France, represented on the right part of the scheme, the images related to the query â&#x20AC;&#x153;cĂŠsarienneâ&#x20AC;? are definitely more rough than the italian ones.

Ĺ´ĹˇÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; The graph propose a comparison between italian imagesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; subject (on the left) and french imagesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

subject (on the right). In red, is underlined the presence of blood in the pictures.

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The perceived image of C.S.

Hue and blood presence.

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Ĺ´ĹšÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

Ĺ´Ĺ¸É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; From the scatteplot graph appears the fact that the percentage of â&#x20AC;&#x153;bloodyâ&#x20AC;? images rises near the greenyellow zone.

Ĺ´ĹšÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; The french graph, compared to the italian one, shows the higer percentage of â&#x20AC;&#x153;bloodyâ&#x20AC;? images in the Newborn & medical staff subject.

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The perceived image of C.S.

Brightness and blood presence.

Ĺ´ĹşÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; The graph shows a an higher percentage of â&#x20AC;&#x153;bloodyâ&#x20AC;? images in the darker part of the graph.

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Ĺ´ĹťÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; The graph shows a an higher percentage of â&#x20AC;&#x153;bloodyâ&#x20AC;? images in the darker part of the graph even though the Surgery subject seems to follow the opposite trend.

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The perceived image of C.S.

04.5 Semantic Analysis. Introduction. Last part of analysis focuses on the themes debated among the websites related to the pictures. Thanks to the use of AlchemyAPI tool is possile to extract from the corpus the keywords of discussion. After a digital work of cleaning, using Google Refine, and a conceptual synthetization of the concept all the keyword are reduced in fifteen discussion topics.

With Exel is created a network of URLs and category and then the data are visualized via Gephi. Using Dual Circular layout all the URLs are disposed in a ring wich contains the discussion. On the other side, the topics are disposed in a ForceAtlas 2 layout whic underline attractions and repulsion between the issues of discussions

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The final visualization shows, in this way, the relations between the topics and between the topics and the URLs, sorted by website category.

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Blog Website Portal

ĹľĹ˛É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; Semantic analysis of a corpus of 211 images.

20% 31%

Blog

28,5%

Website

Digital Magazine

19%

Portal

Forum

1,5%

Digital Magazine

ĹľĹłÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; Semantic analysis of a corpus of 207 images. The different number of URLs is due to the cleaning of

1% 31,5% 38% 29,5%

the keywords: all the URLs with keywords with a low relevance were deleted.

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The perceived image of C.S.

Medical VS Emotional Issues.

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ĹľĹ´É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

General medical issues General emotional issues

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ĹľĹľÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E;

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The perceived image of C.S.

C.S. VS Natural Delivery.

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ĹľĹśÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

ĹľĹśÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; For Caesarean Section is considered only Elective c.s. The visualization shows a strong debate and contrapposition of the topics.

ĹľĹˇÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; In France the topics ar less relevant and not strongly linked as in Italy.

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The perceived image of C.S.

Malpractice VS Media.

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ĹľĹšÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

ĹľĹ¸É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; To represent Malpractice topic we crossed Mortality, Law and Medical structure. In the italian scheme top-

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ics are strongly related between them and have a quite relevant position into the network of the discussion.

ĹľĹšÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; In France the topics are less relevant and less linked.

The perceived image of C.S.

Influence of Institutions and Associations.

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ĹľĹťÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

ĹľĹşÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; The graph shows a central role of Institutions ans Associations in the debate.

ĹľĹťÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; Associations and Institutions are not relevant in the topic debate and are pulled to the graph edge.

03.6 Conclusions. Looking back at all the graphs, it is possible to conclude this section remarking the great difference between Italy and France. From the quantitative point of view it can be noticed that the italian images are generally more focused on the Mother and the Newborn while â&#x20AC;&#x153;Technicalâ&#x20AC;? images are not so relevant. Moreover the biggest part of the corpus comes from Blogs, often written by Media companies and Private citizens associations. On the contrary, in France, where there is not such a huge presence

of Mother and Newborn pictures, images mostly come from regular Websites, often managed by Media and Medical companies. Moreover, in Italy, the percentage of rough images is lower than in France and is possible to conclude that the perception of the surgical operation in Italy is not as strong as it is in France.

the debate between c.s. and natural delivery is strong and more relevant than in France. Even Institutions and Association have a more central position into the debate. In conclusion, remembering the power of images in the memorization process is possible to state that emotional images are strongly linked to an higher percentage of c.s. incidence.

Althoug this first conclusions, the semantic analysis shows exactly the contrary: in Italy

Ć&#x152;É&#x201E;ĹśĹť

The controversy on the web

QUERIES CHOICE

Césarienne

Parto cesareo

Google trends.fr

Google trends.it

10 more significant trends used as queries

Google.fr web research

Google.it web research

CORPUS

Navicrawler

Alchemy

automatic/manual cleaning

automatic/manual cleaning grouping by semantic areas

Gephi Gephi

GRAPH COMPARISON ŷŲɄƌ

SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

Ųŷ. The controversy on the web.

05.1 Introduction. Untill now the report underlines the aspect of visual perception of the controversy. Although the perceived image of c.s. concerns also the awareness of web users about the topics linked to the dabate. Therefore, this third part of research is focused on the analysis of the controversial relation between users and W.H.O taking place on the web. The research starts establishing a query corresponding to “parto cesareo” and “césarienne” put on respective national Google Trends. In a limited period, from January 2009 to January 2012, correlations among similar conceptual words evidence an interesting network of re-

lated keywords. Considering the most relevant ten for Italy and France, a corpus of queries is defined to specify the terms of analysis. Each query is inserted in national Google to find out and save the first ten URLs of the ranking. Then, the research gets into specific analysing URLs from a semantic point of view. To conclude, the queries “Oms + parto cesareo” and “Oms + césarienne” are inserted in national Google to build a corpus composed by the first one hundred URLs. This corpus is compared to previous italian and french ones to notice similarities in order to evidence the spreading of W.H.O. guidelines. ƌɄŷų

The controversy on the web

05.2É&#x201E; '$1 -4É&#x201E;2*- .Ć&#x2020; Most significant trends. The graph is a visualization of the related words to c.s. in Italy and France. After a Google Trends research, the data are refined in order to create a network. Data are visualized via Gephi with a Fruchterman Rein-

gold layout. The corpus of queries used in the future visualizations is based on these ten most relevant words. The diversities between italian and french corpus correspond to userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trends of web navigation.

ĹłÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; The most relevant words choosen as queries are: Parto cesareo, Gravidanza, Ostetrica, Ginecologo, Gi-

necologia, Parto naturale, Cesareo programmato, Gravidanza cesareo, Post parto, Taglio cesareo.

domande ginecologo ginecologo torino ginecologo bologna moglie dal ginecologo

ginecologo cagliari

ginecologo online

ginecologo bari donne dal ginecologo

ginecologo roma

endometriosi

antinori ginecologo

ginecologo maschile scopata dal ginecologo ginecologo firenze

semprini ginecologo

ginecologo

sesso dopo cesareo -

ginecologo uomo

video visita ginecologo

clinica ostetrica padova

sesso dopo parto

ginecologo milano

cicatrice taglio cesareo ginecologo risponde andare dal ginecologo

ginecologo padova

ginecologo visita

visita ostetrica

concorsi ostetrica -

ginecologo palermo

racconti ginecologo -

mangiagalli

cicatrice cesareo

dolore parto naturale

dolore parto

ginecologo napoli

sesso dopo parto

video ginecologo

ginecologo catania professione ostetrica

travaglio parto naturale taglio cesareo programmato parto naturale in diretta

ginecologo bergamo

settimana ostetrica paralisi ostretrica

taglio cesareo video

visita ginecologica

parto in acqua

master ostrica

ventosa

pap test

ostetrica firenze ecografia

douglas ginecologia

gravidanza dopo parto

ostetrica privata diventare ostetrica

video ginecologia

ostetrica

ginecologia

avviso ostetrica

parto cesareo anestesia

sangue dopo parto

gravidanza cesareo

dopo parto naturale

dopo parto

ginecologia online

san camillo ginecologia

ginecologia pescara ginecologia treviso

concorsi ginecologia

partorire

gravidanza dopo cesareo

ginecologia roma

calcolo gravidanza

ginecologi padova -

aborto forum gravidanza

rapporti dopo cesareo

dopo parto rapporti

ecografia gravidanza

nascita cesareo

il ciclo mestruale ostetricia perugia

linee guida ostetricia -

mestruazioni dopo parto

ostetricia firenze

parto gemellare

test ammissione ostetricia

nausea gravidanza

ostetricia

test gravidanza ovulazione mangiagalli ostetricia

ginecologia ostetricia

ostetricia roma -

dieta post parto post parto depressione post parto addominali -

ostetricia palermo

post parto

master ostetricia

ostetricia parma

ciclo post parto

esercizi post parto

ostetricia bari scienze infermieristiche

ostetricia sapienza -

pancera post parto post parto parto

sintomi post parto

ostetricia torino mutande post parto ostetricia modena ostetricia pisa

ĹˇĹ´É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

rapporti post parto

ginnastica post parto

mestruazioni post parto

ĹłÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

pancera

dolori post parto

laurea ostetricia ostetricia bologna

ostetricia brescia

universit ostetricia

fascia post parto

guaina post parto

ostetricia monza -

corso ostetricia ostetricia milano

secondo cesareo perdite post parto

crisi post parto

ostetricia verona

reparto ostetricia

dolori in gravidanza

depressione

tornare in forma

ostetricia e ginecologia

youtube parto cesareo

post parto cesareo

ostetricia padova alimentazione in gravidanza - gravidanza video

rischi parto cesareo

parto cesareo foto

dopo il parto

ginecologia pisa ginecologia parma

gravidanza

parto cesareo programmato

secondo parto cesareo

ciclo dopo parto

mangiagalli ginecologia -

parto in diretta

dieta parto naturale

cesareo seconda gravidanza

mestruazioni

ginecologia torino

gravidanza sintomi

pancia dopo parto cesareo

epidurale

ginecologia perdite

ecografia morfologica settimana gravidanza

parto gemellare cesareo

parto cesareo

policlinico umberto

ginecologia san raffaele

corso di ostetrica

parto cesareo allattamento

dopo un parto cesario

pancia dopo parto

forum ginecologia -

avviso pubblico osterica

ostetrica roma

video parto cesareo

parto cesareo video policlinico napoli

ecografia ostetrica ostetrica lavoro

parto naturalecesareo programmato

isteroscopia ginecologia oncologica

fatebenefratelli

parto in acqua

video parto

dolori parto naturale

ginecologi bologna -

stipendio ostetrica

taglio cesareo

dopo parto cesareo

ospedale padova clinica ostetrica

sesso cesareo

parto naturale video parto naturale foto

consultorio

ostetricia e ginecologia

ostetricia tor vergata

assorbenti post parto emorroidi post parto

The controversy on the web

Ĺ´É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; The most relevant words choosen as queries are: Accouchement, CĂŠsarienne, Enceinte, Femme

beyonce homme enceinte enceinte et regles contraction marion cotillard enceinte calendrier

taux hcg

marion cotillard enceinte pc enceinte douleur ventre douleur ventre ovulation

carla enceinte tomber enceinte enceinte bose douleur ventre enfant douleur ventre gauche blog grossesse poids grossesse douleur ventre droit toxoplasmose et grossesse grossesse nerveuse enceinte sans fil signe accouchement

douleur ventre

evolution grossesse enceinte iphone ovulation forum grossesse fausse couche terme grossesse test grossesse saignement grossesse mode femme enceinte perte blache grossesse

bose

enceinte

grossesse

douleur appendicite

grossesse douleur ventre accouchement e domicile regles apres accouchement

enceinte ipod sport apres cesarienne calcul accouchement beyonce enceintecarla bruni peridurale grossesse grossesse douleur pubis sport aprsaccouchement

debut de grossesse grossesse extra uterine

conge maternite carla bruni accouchement symptome accouchement position accouchement pleineventre lune aprsaccouchement douleur bas ventre femme naturel

yoga femme enceinte grossesse prelevement vaginal regime femme enceinte suis je enceinte vetement femme enceinte grossesse symptomes gros ventre

contractions accouchement

femme enceinte

prelevement vaginal robe femme enceinte

femme enceinte avion

femme enceinte imagecarla sarkozy

seins femme enceinte

femme enceinte accouchement droit femme enceinte massage femme enceinte

toucher vaginal grossesse toxoplasmose femme enceinte

doctissimo grossesse

cesarienne douleur video de cesarienne

enceinte apres cesarienne

retour de couche fin grossesse

photo cesarienne cesarienne allaitement

grossesse apres cesarienne

sexe grossesse

grossesse doulerapres ovaireaccouchement echographie sexe bebe

toxoplasmose

apres cesarienne

sexe enfant calendrier chinois sexe foetus accouchementprovoquer de femmeaccouchement

accouchement chat grossesse douleur dos sexe du bebe

ventre femme enceinte

symptome femme enceinte femme enceinte grossesse

forum femme enceinte

post accouchement accouchement sans douleur lune et accouchement ventre apres cesarienne sexe bebe

douleur

grossesseechographie semaine grossesse

fromage femme enceinte

blog femme enceinte

grossesse vaginal

accouchement

calendrier grossesse grossesse

photo femme enceinte

comment tomber enceinte vetement grossesse cadeau femme enceinte calcul grossesse echographie

sport femme enceinte

douleur estomac

date accouchement

nausees grossesse test de grossesse accouchement carla

etre enceinte ma grossesse

enceinte hifi enceinte symptomes regles et grossesse

femme actuelle recette femme enceinte perte vaginal grossesse varicelle

enceinte, Grossesse, GynĂ¨cologie, GynĂ¨cologue, PĂ¨ridurale, Sage femme, Sex grossesse.

calendrier de grossesse

douleur accouchement

sexe pendant grossesse

ventre grossesse debut grossesse fille ou garcon

bebe apres cesarienne

contraction accouchement

declenchement accouchement sexe apres grossesse sexe enceinte accouchement video accouchement en direct

cesarienne programmee

cesarienne

femme enceinte nu video femme enceinte cicatrice cesarienne jeune femme enceinte femme enceinte nue alimentation femme enceinte perte vaginal forum cesarienne grossesse sexedouleur bebe avant accouchement accoucher sanscalendrier peridurale varicelle femme enceinte lunaire grossesse semaine de grossesse apres accouchement douleur gynecologue rouen calendrier chinois grossesse grossesse cesarienne gynecologue metz video cesarienne gynecologue rennes gynecologue nancy accouchement et douleur anesthesie sexe enfant grossesse gynecologue nimes sans peridurale gynecologue annecy accouchement apres cesarienne sexe bebe grossesse gynecologue reims conseil sage femme sexe du foetus date de grossesse medecin gynecologue cesarienne anesthesie accouchement cesarienne video gynecologue strasbourg gynecologue avignon douleur peridurale accouchement cesarienne gynecologue toulouse connaitre sexe bebe gynecologue lyon gynecologue nice risque cesarienne sage femme salaire accouchement naturel tarif gynecologue ecole sage femme douleur contraction accouchement gynecologue montpellier cesarienne en urgence anesthesie peridurale sport cesarienne gynecologue pour homme preparation accouchement

peridurale

gynecologue

gynecologue examen

gynecologue grenoble

gynecologue marseille

gynecologue lille

video gynecologue

gynecologue en ligne

gynecologuetatouage paris et peridurale

gynecologue homme

gynecologue perpignan

gyneco

sage femme accouchement

gynecologie examen gynecologue caen

gynecologue orleans

gynecologie

gynecologie ludique

gyneco obstetrique

sage femme

douleur apres cesarienne

haptonomie

metier sege femme cadre sagevideo femmeaccouchement -

concours sage femme peridurale risque sage femme rennes sage femme homme declenchement accouchement naturel

etude sage femme gynecologie medicale sage femme nice service gynecologie sage femme liberale

emploi sage femme devenir sage femme

blog sage femme sage femme grenoble sage femme paris sage femme marseille gynecologie video gynecologie obstetrique sage femme ordre sageconsultation femme sage femme haptonomie

obstetrique

accouchement domicile

Ĺ´É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

cicatrice etre sage femme sage femme montpellier

prescription sage femme definition peridurale sage femme toulouse

gynecologue obstetrique

gynecologue nantes

cesarienne et grossesse

accouchement naturel video accouchement peridurale puericultrice accouchement sans peridurale tatouage peridurale

gynecologue bordeaux

sage femme lyon congres gynecologie formation sage femme cabinet gynecologie sage femme pmi medecine gynecologie college gynecologie

Ć&#x152;É&#x201E;ĹˇĹľ

The controversy on the web

Trend graphs comparison among correspective words

Taglio Taglio cesareo/ cesareo/ Cesarienne Cesarienne

Parto Parto naturale/ naturale/ Accouchement Accouchement naturel naturel

180 180

160 160

140 140

120 120

100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr.1.1 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. upl.r1. ctu.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OcJu Oc A JA O J JaO Ja

Gravidanza Gravidanza cesareo/ cesareo/ Grossesse Grossesse cesarienne cesarienne

Gravidanza/ Gravidanza/ Grossesse Grossesse

180 180

160 160

140 140

120 120

100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr.1.1 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. upl.r1. ctu.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OcJu Oc A JA O J JaO Ja

0 00 00 0 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr.1.1 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. upl.r1. ctu.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OcJu Oc A JA O J JaO Ja

Cesareo Cesareo programmato/ programmato/ Cesarienne Cesarienne programme programme

Gravidanza Gravidanza dopo dopo c/ Grossesse c/ Grossesse apres apres c c

180 180

160 160

140 140

120 120

100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

ŷŶɄƌ

0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr.1.1 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. upl.r1. ctu.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OcJu Oc A JA O J JaO Ja

Gravidanza dopo c/ Grossesse apres c

180

140

160

120 100

140

120

100

120 100

.11 12 ct Jan.

0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc

180

160

140

140 120

1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja

0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc

10 10 10 40 pr. Jul. ct. A O 20 1 1 .11 .12 r.1 ul.1 0 t n p c A J O Ja

140

180

120

160

100

140

120

100

120

100 0

0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap 80Ju Oc

20 The controversy on the60 web 0

1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja

20 0

0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc

1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja

0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc

0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 40 Ap Ju Oc 20 1 1 1 r.1 ul.1 ct.1 0n.12 p A J O Ja

180

140

160

120

140

100

120

100

1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n80.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja 60 1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja

20 140 120

0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc

1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja

0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc

100 80 60

0 0 l.1 t.1 r Ap60 Ju Oc 1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja

1 1 1 40 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap 20Ju Oc Ja 0

0 r.1 l.1 Ap Ju

20 0

0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc

0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 1 1 1 Ap Ju Oc r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja

.it/.fr Francia GoogleTrends .it/.fr | 2012 jan 2009-jan 2012 Italia jan 2009-jan

time interst

Dolore Dolore parto/ parto/ Douleur Douleur accouchement accouchement

Ostetrica/ Ostetrica/ Sage Sage femme femme

180 180

160 160

140 140

120 120

100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr..11 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. uplr.1. cut.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OJcu Oc A AJ O J JaO Ja

0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr..11 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. uplr.1. cut.l1.1anc.1t.1 an.1 J OJ J O J Ap AJup OJcu Oc A A

Ginecologia/ Ginecologia/ Gynecologie Gynecologie

Ginecologo/ Ginecologo/ Gynecologue Gynecologue

180 180

160 160

140 140

120 120

100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr..11 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. uplr.1. cut.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OJcu Oc A AJ O J JaO Ja

0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr..11 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. uplr.1. cut.l1.1anc.1t.1 an.1 J OJ J O J Ap AJup OJcu Oc A A

Dopo Dopo cesareo/ cesareo/ Apres Apres cesarienne cesarienne

Sesso Sesso gravidanza/ gravidanza/ Sexe Sexe grossesse grossesse

180 180

160 160

140 140

120 120

100 100

100 100 60 60

40 40

20 20

research volume

80 80

60 60

research volume

80 80

0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr..11 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. uplr.1. cut.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OJcu Oc A AJ O J JaO Ja

1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja

GoogleTrends .it/.fr Francia GoogleTrends jan 2009-jan 2012 Francia GoogleTrends .it/.fr | jan Italia Italia Italia

time interst

120

140

80 .10

60 0 0 0 r.1 40l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc 20 1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja 0

time interst Francia

time interst

140

160

100

180

120

0 100

20 0

180

40 160

research volume

160

100 0 0 0 40 .11 11 .11 12 r.1 l.1 t.1 pr ul. ct Jan. Ap Ju Oc 20 A J O 80

180

Sesso gravidanza/ Se 180

100

research volume

160

180

Dopo cesareo/ Apres cesarienne 180

Dopo cesareo/ Apres cesarienne80 Sesso gravidanza/ Sexe grossesse Sesso gravidanza/ Sexe grossesse 160 160

research volume research volume

Cesareo programmato/ Cesarienne programme

100

apres c Cesareo programmato/ Cesarienne programme Gravidanza dopo c/ Grossesse apresGravidanza c 80 dopo160c/ Grossesse Dopo 80 Cesarienne programme Cesareo programmato/ cesareo/ Apres cesarienne 160

0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr..11 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. uplr.1. cut.l1.1anc.1t.1 an.1 J OJ J O J Ap AJup OJcu Oc A A

ƌɄŷŷ

The controversy on the web

05.3 Semantic Analysis. Introduction. The semantic analysis of this phase is conduced exactly like the previous semantic analysis about perceived image. Anyway in this case, the zoom is not conduced as before. Now, instead of analysing relations among topics, the research gives attention to the discussion inside each main topic. From the graphics below, the issues more interesting are Maternity and General medical issues for Italy and France as well. It is possible to suggest the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s research on the web concerns mostly informative aspect of pregnancy and c.s. delivery. A remarkable difference is the presence in Italy as third main discussion topic of Choice factors. It shows a more active dialogue about c.s. controversies. ĹľÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

ĹľÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; Semantic analysis of a corpus of 3884 URLs.

ĹśÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; Semantic analysis of a corpus of 1395 URLs. The different number of URLs is due to the cleaning of the keywords: all the URLs with keywords with a low relevance were deleted.

Media Media

General General medical medical issues issues

Mortality Mortality

General General emotional emotional issues issues

LawLaw

VipsVips

Medical Medical structure structure

Institution Institution

Medical Medical staffstaff

Association Association

Sanitary Sanitary System System

Choice Choice factors factors

Caesarean Caesarean Section Section

Difficulty Difficulty

Natural Natural delivery delivery

Baby Baby

Maternity Maternity

Family Family

ĹˇĹ¸É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

ĹśÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

The controversy on the web

Blog Blog Website

20%

Website

31%

Portal Portal

ĹˇÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

28,5%

20%

Blog

31%

Website

28,5%

1% 31,5% 1%

Blog

Portal

Website

Digital Magazine Digital Magazine

19%

Digital Portal Magazine

Forum Forum

1,5%

Digital Magazine

31,5% 38%

29,5%

38% 29,5%

ĹˇÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; Topic of discussion in Italy and France ordered by relevance in the issue network.

Ć&#x152;É&#x201E;ĹˇĹš

The controversy on the web

Semantic Overview on relevant macro categories

Maternity/ Italy

Ɠ / -)$/4ƔɄ$)Ʉ / '4Ɔ

Maternity/ Italy

Madre Madre

Gravidanza Gravidanza Utero Donna

Utero Contrazioni Allattamento

Donna Femminilità Maternità

Nausea Contrazioni Placenta

Ventre Allattamento Incinta

Femminilità Maternità ŸɄƌɄ Focus on Maternity topic. Women occupy an extremely important role in the controversy issues. Each web research is verted on them, nothing connects to men or family members.

Nausea

Placenta Ventre

ŸɄƌ

Incinta Ɠ #*$ Ʉ! /*-.ƔɄ$)Ʉ / '4Ɔ Choice factors/ Italy Choice factors/ Italy

Complicazioni Complicazioni Motivazioni Consigli

Motivazioni Sessualità Esperienza

Cambiamenti Consigli Fattori economici

Sessualità Esperienza Cambiamenti Fattori economici ŹɄƌɄ Focus on Choice factors. It is important to consider the necessity for users to be supported by someone in the choice. ŹɄƌ

ŷźɄƌ

The controversy on the web

Emotions/Italy

Ɠ (*/$*).ƔɄ$)Ʉ / '4Ɔ

Emotions/Italy

Depressione

Depressione Dolore

Psicologia

Dolore

Emozioni Fatica

Psicologia

Amore

Emozioni Fatica Amore

źɄƌɄ Focus on Emotions. The most important subcatergory is Depression, mostly in post partum phase, that represents an increasing dangerous problem of contempory women.

źɄƌ

Ɠ ) - 'Ʉ(medical $ 'Ʉ$..0 issues/ .ƔɄ$)Ʉ / '4ƆItaly General General medical issues/ Italy

Chirurgia Chirurgia

Anestesia

Anestesia Epidurale

Epidurale

Medicina Cicatrice

Medicina

Post parto Malattia

Cicatrice

Podalico

Pre-termine

Medicina

Urgenza

Emorragia

Post parto

Infezione

Malattia ŻɄƌɄ Focus on General medical issues. Something relevant is associated to Anestesia: women are afraid of delivery pains and Medical structure not always ensure this kind of service in Italy.

Podalico

Pre-termine

ŻɄƌ

Urgenza

Emorragia ƌɄŷŻ Infezione

The controversy on the web

Maternity/ Italy

Ɠ $ 'Ʉ./ ŦƔɄ$)Ʉ - ) Ɔ Maternity/ Italy

Docteur Docteur

Sage femme Sage femme Obstétrique

Obstétrique Gynecologie Obstétrique

Gynecologie Obstétrique

ųŲɄƌɄ Focus on Medical staff. The Obstetric is a fundamental figure in the delivery process even more the gynecologist. ųŲɄƌ

Choice factors/ France Ɠ #*$ Ʉ! /*-.ƔɄ$)Ʉ - ) Ɔ Choice factors/ France

Sexualité Sexualité Complications

Complications Expèrience Consultations

Consultations Expèrience

ųųɄƌɄ Focus on Choice factors. Living the delivery as a couple, Sex is a primal factor of choice. ųųɄƌ

ŸŲɄƌ

The controversy on the web

Emotions/France Ɠ (*/$*).ƔɄ$)Ʉ - ) Ɔ

Emotions/France

Positif

Nègatif

Douleur

ųŴɄƌɄ Focus on Emotions. Generally, delivery is associated to positive sensations.

ųųɄƌ

Family/ France Ɠ ($'4ƔɄ$)Ʉ - ) Ɔ

Père Family/ France

Père Famille Parents

Famille Parents

ųŵɄƌɄ Focus on Family. Fathers and family occupy an important role in delivery event. ųŴɄƌ

ƌɄŸų

INSTITUTIONS

ASSOCIATION OF INDIPENDENT MEDICAL FIGURES

OTHER COMPANIES

INDIPENDENT CITIZEN

MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS

DIGITAL MAGAZINE

INDIPENDENT MEDICAL FIGURE

FORUM

MEDICAL COMPANY

ŸŴɄƌ

BLOG

05.3 URLs, categories, authors.

Relations between sites and authors.

After analysing semantic main topics, the research focus on a website categorization on the model of the previous image contents categorization. psico-terapia.it

farmacoecura.it

ginecologo.it

lamiaostetrica.it

partonaturale.net

ilfattoquotidiano.it

partecipasalute.it

lagazzettadelmezzogiorno.it

valentina.duestrade.it hsacco.it benessere.com bari.repubblica.i associazioneitalianaostetricia.it mamma.pourfemme.it partonaturale.org sceglitu.it infanziabambini.it drorlandella.it marsupioscuola.it

fnco.it

snlg-iss.it idoctors.it sanihelp.it bambinopoli.it

hsr.it

fondazionembbm.it stradaperunsogno.com dolcemamma.it oirmsantanna.piemonte.it sanita.padova.it medicinaeprevenzione.it gyneconline.net

ieo.it

magazine.paginemediche.it ricerca.repubblica.it cmsantagostino.it mammole.it blog.mammenellarete.it rssp.salute.gov.it humanitas.it

The controversy on the web

REGU WEB

REGULAR

É&#x201E;COMPANY

A É&#x201E; É&#x201E; É&#x201E;

it.wikipedia.org

nostrofiglio.it

quimamme.leiweb.it

pianetamamma.it

asf.toscana.it

alfemminile.com

gravidanzaonline.it

angolodonne.it

dolceattesa.rcs.it

salutedonna.it

chiediallostetrica.blogspot.it

guidaconsumatore.com

vivalamamma.tgcom24.it

medicitalia.it

genitorichannel.it

alfemminile.com

donnamoderna.com

ostetricagiorgiatiz.it

blogmamma.it

saperidoc.it

salute.gov.it

forum.gravidanzaonline.it

inerboristeria.com

cercounbimbo.net

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The controversy on the web

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The controversy on the web

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The controversy on the web

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The controversy on the web

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ųŸɄƌɄ Blogs and Forums take part remarkably in the controversy discussion on the web, even if Portals mantain a predominant position.

The controversy on the web

ĹłĹšÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; Blogs and Forums are not remarkable present in the controversy discussion on the web.

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The controversy on the web

Ĺ˛ĹˇĆ&#x2020;ĹśÉ&#x201E; #*É&#x201E;/ '&.É&#x201E; *0/É&#x201E; Ć&#x2020; Ć&#x2020; Ć&#x2018; Web survey. In recent years, the guidelines about cesaren section proposed by W.H.O are considered, as institutional papers, a point of reference for sanitary systems and citizens. That is why, the attention of the research is centred on the spreading of W.H.O. guidelines on the network. Introducing the queries â&#x20AC;&#x153;oms + parto cesareoâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;oms + cĂŠsarienneâ&#x20AC;? in national Google is build a corpus of the first one hundred URLs per country. After that the entire corpus is compared to the ones coming by the previous research to evidence similarities and relevance of the sites talking about W.H.O. in the issues network.

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Ć&#x152; / '4Ć&#x2020; http://www.vitadidonna.it/ gravidanza/4336-parto-cesareo-informatiprima.html http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/ news//816786/Sanita---Oms-rivedra--quota-massima-cesarei--15--parametro-superato----.html http://www.gravidanzaonline.it/news/1058. html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/ f483/__f1021_f483-Non-del-15-di-cesareiper-l-oms-alias-who-twisted.html http://www.corriere.it/salute/10_gennaio_12/cesareo-rischiocomplicanze_4dc1822c-ff94-11de-a79100144f02aabe.shtml http://www.lavitaprenatale.org/oms.htm http://www.figliefamiglia.it/2011/04/ parto-oms-meglio-naturale-anche-dopoun-cesareo/ http://www.blitzquotidiano.it/teatro/ cesareo-parto-gravidanza-donneoms-973706/ https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q =cache:FMXRzGKYmcAJ:www.who.int/ pmnch/media/mnchnews/2009/pubblicazionetagliocesareo.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjGEA J5hbeE6fwdma5vcgVmrcsCnf-WSfGND dN05GSF8BXS_tvXB3qJ5I1xNMmVkYPpcey5zmrJDXsCBsISN3vFZ0GnNuYWkVa53NhqIPXj3VA7f2EfwbCyemPzt_ U1yHrO92U&sig=AHIEtbTG94QUTIYU0HWcbn7X23QgeRTGw http://www.dolceattesa.rcs.it/2012/06/ parto-cesareo-niente-bis/ https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=ca che:jHD27u9AAOgJ:www.ondaosservatorio. it/allegati/Progettiattivita/Pubblicazioni/ Libri/Libro%2520bianco/Comunicati%2520 stampa%25203%2520luglio/3lugliocheda3P articesarei.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=i t&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg2FfD39YmI2Pn8J LP13nbzqc9k-5of1fN_o_WDK_M_HW3rqtu9cRFYDIwYH4GO2-c1ugCv2vLAXTgFIF3xiIWtr5xF9_c9dsZWLRZK3BjR_aO9fnC3zFc 1zqkVuDKnP3xHUIys&sig=AHIEtbT3QXCZ hzIjd8Ww7RF2qmPob9VDlw http://www.ondaosservatorio.it/elementipagine/37/it/altri-progetti/121/partnershiponda--oms https://docs.google.com/viewer?

a=v&q=cache:lzgCidGz7F8J:www. ondaosservatorio.it/allegati/Progettiattivita/Altri%2520Progetti/2010/ Comunicati%2520stampa/Comunicato%25 20stampaCampaniaOMS.pdf+oms%2Bcesa reo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShb V3bQ-igtRkiOcRuP7yM-9L4CGR66UOZeKzdo9c_EDl7jsC0OWd38RwYCR5qpfAFxpEcAVUziI4IHxZXDE7f1R6iFE-7gfpVTDKz2bP7LK3EagqOdL9XhigeDqDFsKbq7azk& sig=AHIEtbRr7G9F0SvvSxDpmDCM24Hj1 KZ8WQ http://www.mirorenzaglia.org/2011/10/ lindustria-del-parto-cesareo-italia-prima/ http://www.paginemamma.it/it/574/ parto-e-nascita/partorire/detail_138045_ parto-cesareo.aspx?c1=39&c3=8469 http://www.mammapermamma. eu/2010/03/08/il-parto-naturale-dopocesareo/ http://www.salute.gov.it/dettaglio/pdPrimoPiano.jsp?id=193&sub=5&lang=it http://www.doctor33.it/oms-verso-tassopersonalizzato-di-cesarei/politica-e-sanita/ news-36839.html http://it-it.facebook.com/notes/informazione-libera/parto-cesareo-monito-delloms/10150501028024154 http://www.cronachelaiche.it/cl/2011/12/ inchiesta-sui-parti-cesarei-monito-delloms/ http://www.tuttomamma.com/oms-allavoro-per-rivedere-i-tassi-relativi-ai-taglicesarei/19723/ http://quimamme.leiweb.it/gravidanza-eparto/parto/tipi-di-parto/articoli-2011/parto-naturale-o-cesareo-30320426727.shtml http://www.salutedomani.com/il_weblog_di_antonio/2010/02/oms-in-arrivo-larevisione-dei-tassi-per-i-cesarei-una-nuova-mozione-di-sigo-e-onda-per-il-governo. html http://www.adnkronos.com/IGN/Daily_ Life/Benessere/Sanita-Oms-rivedra-quotamassima-cesarei-15-parametro-superato_312427014404.html http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taglio_cesareo http://www.donnamoderna.com/mamme/ Gravidanza/parto-cesareo http://www.latuaostetrica.it/gravidanza/ gravidanza_raccomandazioni_OMS.php http://www.118pescara.it/oms_e_onda_

The controversy on the web

invitano_a_contenere_i_parti_cesarei.html https://docs.google.com/viewer?a =v&q=cache:xiDYc8XXdcUJ:www. sanita.ilsole24ore.com/Sanita/Archivio/Normativa%2520e%2520varie/ Microsoft%2520Word%2520%2520mozionetaglio.pdf%3Fcmd%3Dart%26codid%3D23.0.554729193+oms%2B cesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=AD GEESgM_92Jr9Di__23VC02NcD0G7VL MTFKHId-eEbkh1XqR9xaFB9MNKVoqCaB68u9DOQCJCnDD75oMeTI1evwzhbOrSat8sKdKLoDXLsHl9iYkBo8o-eai0zAazEjPQZmVZZOWfmS&sig=AHIEtbQEHM10PySMphFvctVFLFq4rSpiA http://www.paginemamma.it/ it/574/parto-e-nascita/partorire/ detail_138039_i-diritti-delle-partorienti. aspx?c1=5654&c3=8469 http://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2010/03/31/news/in_lombardia_un_ parto_su_tre_col_cesareo_l_oms_la_ soglia_ideale_del_15_per_cento-3048015/ http://www.gynevra.it/news/News_1232Cesarei_l’OMS_invoca_%22Solo_con_indicazione_clinica%22.html http://archivio.denaro.it/VisArticolo.aspx/ VisArticolo.aspx?IdArt=588251 http://salute.pourfemme.it/articolo/ gravidanza-l-oms-incoraggia-il-partonaturale/9545/ http://www.ilfattoquotidiano. it/2011/12/20/nascere/178715/ http://www.mediapolitika.com/wordpress/archivio/archives/9255 http://www.bergamosera.com/ cms/?p=65370 http://www.freeall.epac.to/ http://www.ondaosservatorio.it/allegati/ Progettiattivita/Conferenzestampa/2011 /7settembrecesareo/01%20-%20Comunicato%20Cesarei%20Def.pdf http://www.sanihelp.it/news/6811/partoraccomandazioni-deloms/1.html http://www.sanihelp.it/news/13408/naturale-cesareo-parola-alle-donne/1.html http://www.amicidelbaretto.org/blog/tag/ indicazioni-oms/ http://mamma.pourfemme.it/articolo/parto-naturale-o-cesareo-quale-scegliere/7617/ http://www.lagravidanza.net/le-15-raccomandazioni-delloms-per-la-partoriente.

html http://www.dica33.it/cont/focus/1001/2200/cesareo-taglia-rischi.asp http://ilfarodelsud.net/2011/10/18/allarmeoms-troppe-nascite-pilotate-e-cesarei-arischio-la-sicurezza/ http://www.ioeilmiobambino.it/repartomaternita/parto/cesarei-ancora-troppi-6071 http://www.cronachelodigiane.net/articleoms-ridurre-i-cesarei-il-parto-naturalesenza-dolore-ora-si-puo-85781231.html http://www.tuttomamma.com/tag/tagliocesareo/ http://www.tuttosteopatia.it/nav/blog/bosteopatia/gravidanza-2/aumentano-inati-prematuri-tra-le-cause-troppi-particesarei/ http://www.cronachelodigiane.net/ article-parto-cesareo-a-lodi-sembra-untrend-50752078.html http://www.mammaimperfetta. it/2012/06/06/cesareo-su-richiest/ http://www.fanoinforma.it/Politica/ art27304/7_ottobre_11/Fano_tagli_cesarei_nelle_marche_piu_del_doppio_rispetto_al_limite_oms.html http://epidurale.blogspot.it/2010/07/cesareo-15-e-non-piu-15-ma-anche-no.html https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=ca che:LoZufykaKaUJ:www.mammadoula.it/ documenti/raccomandazioniOMS.pdf+om s%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid= ADGEEShDeAV-D9dR_yZTru1NqYQqGhvpAksY5z4HZ4sJGjviW3D7BZRPS_C5JpKgI3QHyBXPQ_bJwtxi2sM216-brm5wuDpkt5WV3Y-Fwdau5rSepwwZncNaw2_UmbIg_gkKDecNT5Q&sig=AHIEtbRlbKwlfcZy 6iO6zEyDNoDnGGwbYA http://www.repubblica.it/salute/ benessere-donna/gravidanza-e-parto/2010/08/31/news/italia_record_di_cesarei-6648567/ http://donna.tuttogratis.it/salute/partoper-loms-meglio-quello-naturale/P175177/ http://www.ilmessaggero.it/home_initalia/primopiano/in_italia_il_doppio_dei_ parti_cesarei_il_38_contro_il_15_fissato_ daloms/notizie/118532.shtml http://www.tuttomamma.com/desperate-debra-simulatore-cesarei-emergenza/25719/

http://mammavale.wordpress.com/tag/ oms-parto-cesareo-episiotomia-epiduraleossitocina-rooming-in-travaglio/ http://www.lastampa.it/2011/07/14/scienza/benessere/gravidanza-parto-pediatria/ depressione-post-parto-in-agguato-dopoil-taglio-cesareo-5cSDXvLemS9tKvvxaFvWqK/pagina.html http://magazine.paginemediche.it/it/365/ il-punto-di-vista/ginecologia-e-ostetricia/ news/detail_127454_numero-di-cesareilitalia-e-maglia-nera.aspx?c1=39&c2=399 http://www.nostrofiglio.it/gravidanza/ parto/parto-cesareo-o-no.html http://www.ilmiopancione.it/allattamento-dopo-parto-cesareo-oggi-si-pu/ http://news.jbprof.com/tag/oms/page/2/ http://notizie.tiscali.it/articoli/cronaca/10/09/03/intervista-giovanni-monnicesarei.html http://www.psicologiaperinatale.it/PP/ oms_2.html http://www.periodofertile.it/gravidanza/ parto-naturale-dopo-un-parto-cesareovbac-quando-e-possibile http://www.ondaosservatorio.it/allegati/ Progettiattivita/attivit%C3%A0%20istituzionale/milano%202010/Microsoft%20 Word%20-%20ducumento%20per%20la%20 regione%20con%20suggerimenti.pdf http://www.nascita-nondisturbare. com/?p=35 http://www.tantasalute.it/articolo/particesarei-in-italia-se-ne-fanno-troppi/11141/ http://donna.tuttogratis.it/mamma/ depressione-post-partum-piu-a-rischiodonne-che-subiscono-taglio-cesareo/ P210687/ https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=c ache:UA6Ic54qrjYJ:www.ondaosservatorio. it/allegati/Progettiattivita/attivit%25C3%2 5A0%2520istituzionale/milano%25202010/ Comunicato%2520Stampa.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjYOnY9mB0Nq_-Yey0wzArcdheNzrT2Pk4e rVi15a2rt52fqioI8skRot54Oy2OX4t-HiSSHD v5dDg1t8wrQk0gTXXDRAbDRdNgMabgcCSSNqtncFpfGzG0Gh2bKVyTqoRpw_zI& sig=AHIEtbSlCnMSmnRNkXUN02I5C1Tn RrNJnQ https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=ca che:_7SpZuYciFEJ:www.ondaosservatorio. ƌɄŸŻ

The controversy on the web

ƌ - ) Ɔ it/allegati/Progettiattivita/Pubblicazioni/ quaderni/Lasalutematernoinfantilepartocesareo.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgjsdnQSQ 2Cnxe4m8YiP8fxFUrpjcEXgDjYdjiD9GcR hilW3fY1Yoe8fwZYSjGUDGrR_m2rHocrWhlzVNAx2_qhJKfY0Lx_Uidv_syH9J9uC5 NaW2PZ6oDmzi6durg1KYGPgbiQ&sig=AH IEtbR_d3CdgLw8aGMjSpPx8Pkro7WtAQ http://www.partecipasalute.it/cms_2/ node/917 http://www.tuttomamma.com/tag/partocesareo/ http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/parti-cesarei-italia-record.html http://www.genitorichannel.it/gravidanzaparto/ritardare-il-taglio-del-cordone-nelcesareo.html http://partonaturale.nelblog.com/partonaturale-video/naturale-cesareo-partodivide.html http://www.corsipreparto.com/raccomandazioni-oms_parto.aspx http://www.partonaturale.net/partonaturale/contenuto/la-petizione-pugliese-ilparto-casa https://docs.google.com/ viewer?a=v&q=cache:gsADRb0E--kJ:www. ostetriche.rc.it/portale/files/normativa/20090729230714.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADG EESjsrFiqSdsxEfqJ0LaWW6VUaZlKlm8JTG_ChV66NBniwEh-ov6wdnFR-Rmt9YyK3PfSpiM8b9OvvNAnStg-VREqO7kUkYKz6M_HI45AfJZfBVWNsN-Sv-LUCl mPvXNBFRYdLUk&sig=AHIEtbRK42pB6 9A-C_juJnuGrt07D3i2_Q http://www.versounanuovavita.it/area_riserv/02_controlli_ed_esami/02_0605_raccomandazioni_OMS.htm http://www.figliefamiglia.it/2011/10/ maternita-in-aumento-i-cesarei-sono-il40-dei-parti-italiani/ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/ febbraio/09/come_Diminuire_Parti_Cesarei_Italia_co_9_100209010.shtml http://noteesalute.blogspot.it/2010/01/ allarme-delloms-il-parto-cesareo.html http://www.ariannaeditrice.it/articolo. php?id_articolo=40829 https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q= cache:ndTpKp5OIKQJ:ondaosservatorio. ŹŲɄƌ

it/allegati/aree_interesse/pdf/TAGLIOCESAREOONDA.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShrrtJi6ZRoy CUoj3wsbiYFiDvmW1BM66RrzhYY2OQw D-3nTq3TUT7Op9ikNFFeUkBv9EanSkwPfbFLgg5NNel7EBYVmI8F_ah6o5_U1z5cic5u laeznaCEtpT3g6H3HOB4SJda&sig=AHIEtb RP3KuJhUMWLqK0T9M_z5bkTTnJ3A http://www.genitorichannel.it/Gravidanza-e-parto/Partorire-naturalmente-dopouno-o-piu-cesarei-VBAC.html http://www.mammapermamma.eu/tag/ oms/ http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/troppiparti-cesarei-italiail-ministro-manda-i-nas. html http://www.professionemamma.it/ professione-mamma/parto/142-gravidanzae-nascita-dopo-un-precedente-tagliocesareo-vbac.html http://www.corriere.it/salute/10_aprile_15/ cesarei-uso-massiccio_6982c8cc-4846-11df8e1e-00144f02aabe.shtml http://donnagravidanza.forumfree. it/?t=23841301 http://www.nostrofiglio.it/gravidanza/ parto/parto-cesareo-guida-decidere.html http://www.giornalettismo.com/archives/50680/parto-cesareo-diamocitaglio/ http://www.mammapretaporter.it/ gravidanza/item/58-raccomandazioni-omssulla-nascita.html http://www.oltreilmakeup.eu/tag/partocesareo/ http://www.figliefamiglia.it/2011/09/ paura-del-parto-ed-e-corsa-alcesareo/https://docs.google.com/ viewer?a=v&q=cache:B1vA-uZKARsJ:www. arespuglia.it/upload/lg_n21b.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShYHrp7YlM9UGNPPuZMWKr-WNfxJQt L3cKDWFc1HUKdugrPpKSWqTPyhrtOLgf qx16BXJqbRyEXJ21pIY4duvNKQi3H7bd8rlPomTOrJy4E0ybq8MmwwqYJFTND8K-zG j1OlWPC&sig=AHIEtbSokezntcYqtfkzEvdo tICKOfDJZw http://www.uppa.it/dett_articolo. php?idr=14&ida=220&idb=67

http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/breech/acacom/fr/index. html http://www.cesarine.org/avant/etat_des_ lieux.php http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ C%C3%A9sarienne http://accoucherautrement.free.fr/Recommandations-OMS.htm http://www.hellocoton.fr/nouvellesrecommandations-de-l-oms-en-matierede-cesarienne-719204 http://www.medecinshaitiens.com/id51. html http://sante-medecine.commentcamarche. net/contents/accouchement/07_la-cesarienne.php3 http://www.famili.fr/,trop-d-accouchements-par-cesarienne-en-asie,360,60460. asp http://www.doctissimo.fr/html/grossesse/ accouchement/10327-cesarienne-france. htm http://www.slate.fr/story/48749/chineempire-cesariennes http://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/ f673/__f651_f673-Quels-sont-les-avantageset-les-inconvenients-de-la-cesarienne.html http://www.top-bebe.com/en_attendant_ bebe/la_cesarienne.html http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2010/09/06/la-cesarienne-une-affairede-confort-et-de-gros-sous http://www.actusoins.com/7740/cesariennes-une-hausse-inquietante.html http://www.cesarienne.net/ http://bresil.aujourdhuilemonde.com/ le-bresil-champion-du-monde-des-cesariennes http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/CD004662_abalose_com/fr/index.html http://globometer.com/natalite-cesarienne. php https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q =cache:hw5xngYh5zYJ:www.has-sante. fr/portail/upload/docs/application/ pdf/2012-07/heterogeneite_des_pratiques_de_la_cesarienne_en_france. pdf+cesarienne%2Boms&hl=it&gl=fr&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiOJEfDqtY1fKVREJzeXv 5vGyxHl7-Ibzdz0svC7Y6yJiNvKifZuhfdzn

The controversy on the web

yBJ_oG9X3_Z11MsRmUH43vCwazJ1sAOZLSv2zvrwqlV8jPWI9FYKDlPe3jXIbt7KMQpQAMIphDZYHP&sig=AHIEtbR9xihuI70U6pr8hN4uNklaWlfzQ http://sante.lefigaro.fr/ actualite/2010/11/21/10560-est-il-normaldaccoucher-par-cesarienne http://www.lepoint.fr/actualites-sciencessante/2010-01-15/les-risques-des-cesariennes-de-convenance/1055/0/413978 http://www.allaitement-jumeaux.com/ espace-allaitement/guide-allaitement/ cesarienne.php http://blog.vietnam-aujourdhui.info/ post/2010/01/13/Le-taux-de-naissancespar-c%C3%A9sarienne-anormalement%C3%A9lev%C3%A9-en-Asie http://mamanantes.free.fr/accouch/cesa. htm http://www.magicmaman. com/,cesarienne-de-convenance-qu-enpenser,58,1902201.asp http://www.bladi.net/forum/323910-accouchement-cesarienne/ http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/CD004663_abalose_com/fr/index.html http://www.regardconscient.net/ archi06/0610odent.html http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2012/3/26/maurice-femmes-accouchent-cesarienne-199345.asp http://www.gfmer.ch/Guidelines/Accouchement_post-partum_fr/Cesarienne. htm http://fr.ekopedia.org/C%C3%A9sarienne http://devsante.org/actualites/naissancepar-cesarienne http://www.aujourdhui.ma/ maroc-actualite/societe/alors-quel-oms-recommande-des-taux-entre5-et-15-le-taux-d-incidence-de-la-cesarienne-est-de-50-a-la-cnops-96431.html http://www.latribune.fr/depeches/ associated-press/le-taux-de-naissancespar-cesarienne-anormalement-eleve-enasie-oms.html http://fondation-mariewys.blogvie. com/2012/04/09/la-cesarienne/ http://apps.who.int/rhl/hiv_aids/slcom/fr/ index.html http://www.femininbio.com/sante-bien-

etre/conseils-et-astuces/mon-accouchement-assiste-la-cesarienne-61669 http://www.journaldesfemmes.com/ maman/grossesse/cesarienne/taux-enhausse.shtml http://www.lechiro.fr/blog/?p=363 http://www.gyneco-online.com/obstetrique/les-cesariennes-programmees-nonurgentes-augmentent-le-risque-de-besoinde-ventilation-d http://maternilait.over-blog.com/ article-les-chinoises-preferent-la-cesarienne-42983737.html http://www.tranquillitesante.fr/actualitesante/item/347-pourquoi-tant-de-cesariennes-?.html http://sasi101.blogspot.it/2011/12/la-cesarienne-caesarienne.html http://www.commentguerir.com/article/ cesarienne http://maternagealgerie.over-blog.com/ article-35855133.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/wkcom/fr/ index.html http://www.maxisciences.com/ b%E9b%E9/un-bebe-sur-deux-na-t-parcesarienne-aux-etats-unis_art6621.html http://www.atoute.org/n/forum/showthread.php?t=155736 http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/CD004737_ goonewardenem_com/fr/index.html http://www.edukeo.net/naissances-cesarienne-a02448843.htm http://www.liberation.fr/vous/0101304009trop-de-cesariennes-en-france http://www.santedev.org/biblio/index. php?dossier=cimO82 http://apps.who.int/rhl/videos/fr/index. html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/jgccom/fr/ index.html http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/83/6/stanton0605abstract/fr/index. html http://www.mamanpourlavie.com/ grossesse-maternite/accouchement/ cesariennes/827-taux-eleves-de-cesariennes-en-amerique-latine.thtml http://sante-guerir.notrefamille.com/

sante-a-z/qu-est-ce-qu-une-cesarienneo107424.html http://www.cesarine.org/pendant/operation/ http://accoucherautrement.free.fr/Cesarienne.htm http://www.doctissimo.fr/html/sante/ femmes/sa_770_nne.htm http://forum.doctissimo.fr/grossesse-bebe/ cesarienne/cesarienne-rassurer-futuressujet_4831_1.htm https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q= cache:iMYlm6Z5vboJ:www.cesarine.org/ avant/Deux_fois_plus_de_cesariennes_ en_20_ans.pdf+oms%2Bcesarienne&hl=it&gl=fr&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjzwG6f1D NBnFkc-3y-PcoTYSDM1iWm4uAnim7VC kVsWLpgtP11teu37afBV_gSisO1jmsoucBrFoZ3etPI6RXtCGiVlyWig4Qao_kvRBUmUvMIn2omP0Cual_GxNaEBciCB0UD&sig=A HIEtbSKtJxucvl4hoTE4jQiJwsZENXFsw http://www.cesarine.org/avant/urgence/ http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/tlcom/fr/index. html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd000163/fr/ index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/breech/acaguide/fr/index. html http://www.who.int/bulletin/ volumes/90/7/11-093369-ab/fr/index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd004662/fr/ index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd004737/fr/ index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd003516/fr/ index.html https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v &q=cache:0YbOAuB0Fi0J:www.afro. who.int/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_ docman%26task%3Ddoc_download%26gi d%3D6425+oms%2Bcesarienne&hl=it&gl=fr&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiEBHUkRrDLKvJ 8L5D3OUmn96URWFCyx8jHKZ3Q-v6ch8 1ilIKuBT2-a3rfSFcUUULtWJ4LeEEkHNhkfNf-V2EuR7_84d-gBjyhiL5ctAeIzgxD43yQx 64rSDUnfX6ZZVcpCPeb&sig=AHIEtbSThf ƌɄŹų

The perceived image of C.S.

EEbBxOGkFfl8qjXSd6iqVBQg http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd000085/fr/ index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/routine_care/CD006794_ amorimm_com/fr/index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/hiv_aids/slguide/ fr/index.html http://www.lefigaro.fr/ international/2010/01/15/0100320100115ARTFIG00418-les-chinoisespreferent-la-cesarienne-.php http://www.cesarine.org/apres/bebe/ http://www.cesarine.org/apres/maison/ http://sante-az.aufeminin.com/mag/bebegrossesse/d4105/x22526.html https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=ca che:zO6k8I32J80J:www.has-sante.fr/portail/jcms/c_1297888/optimiser-pertinencecesarienne-programmee-a-terme-2012-for mat2clics+oms%2Bcesarienne&hl=it&gl=fr &pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg8fvtr-4BOP3DzpYdeRub4PXnXLzCezcA0YaU-ehDhKQWcZS3W1ADGmtYutwO4K6OImaXa0iS4q0rB1QBTRT9aRpO37FHcDh6OFdQ1yi44e9OpQkt0xJXpn_vrioWvIX8yZsv&sig= AHIEtbSvZVuxgOvyxjclx5hj1ruuAnsmLw http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/breech/rlcom/fr/index. html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/aabguide2/fr/ index.html http://www.afro.who.int/fr/togo/press-materials/item/4568-le-togo-%C3%A9valuela-mise-en-oeuvre-de-son-programme-desubvention-de-la-c%C3%A9sarienne.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd004350/fr/ index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd000933/fr/ index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/breech/cd000166/fr/ index.html http://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/ f673/__f329_f673-Comment-negocier-unevb-ap-une-cesarienne.html http://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/ grosaccouchement/__f10332_grosacŹŴɄƌ

couchement--ma-gygy-veut-me-faire-unecesarienne-programmee-cry-cry-cry.html http://forum.doctissimo.fr/grossessebebe/cesarienne/refuser-cesarienne-programmesujet_4832_1.htm http://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/ grosaccouchement/__f2929_grosaccouchement-Cesarienne-programmee.html http://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/ f673/__f20_f673-Allaitement-interdit-encas-de-cesarienne.html http://www.babyfrance.com/actus-bebe/ cesariennes-en-hausse.html http://www.gentside.com/insolite/larentree-scolaire-provoque-une-hausse-descesariennes-en-chine_art27087.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/aabcom2/fr/ index.html http://www.who.int/bulletin/ volumes/90/1/11-090399-ab/fr/index.html http://www.who.int/bulletin/ volumes/85/10/06-035808-ab/fr/index. html http://forums.france5.fr/lesmaternelles/ Accouchement/cesarienne-naissancesujet_740_1.htm http://forum.magicmaman.com/lanouvelleaventuredelagrossesse/future-mamanjanvier/cesarienne-sujet-323-1.htm http://www.libertasoccidentalis. org/?p=74917 http://www.em-consulte.com/article/84866/article/l-elevation-du-taux-decesariennes%C2%A0-un-progres-nec http://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/ mamans11/__f13536_mamans11-Verdictcesarienne-a-14h30-triste.html

The perceived image of C.S.

05.5 Spreading of W.H.O guidelines Introduction. After the comparison of the two list of URLs, in order to visualize how the users deal with the spreading of news about c.s. information, the Gephi visualization of the network enlights the URLs which talk about W.H.O.

Through this visualization, it is showed the areas of the network where the users can get in touch with the W.H.O. guidelines. It gives an idea of the spreading of the awareness og c.s. in the web and among web users.

ųźɄƌɄW.H.O. AND ITALIAN NETWORK The common URLs are: nostrofiglio.it donnamoderna.com quimamme.leiweb.ir it.wikipedia.org partecipasalute.it

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The perceived image of C.S.

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ĹłĹťÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; Wikipedia is the most relevant cluster enlighted by the W.H.O. The Wiki site is maneged by an association of private citizens, so it does not represent the institutional voice.

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Ĺ´Ĺ˛É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; Even if few, the sites nostrofiglio.it, donnamoderna. com, quimamme.leiweb.ir and partecipasalute.it have quite enough connection to enlight a big area of the network.

The perceived image of C.S.

Introduction. Even if in Italy is observed a lack of institutional information, in France the situation appears worst.

Ĺ´ĹłĆ&#x152;É&#x201E; Ć&#x2020; Ć&#x2020; Ć&#x2020;É&#x201E; É&#x201E; The common sites are: fr.wikipedia.org sante.medecin.commentcamarche.nt doctissimo.fr cesarienne.net

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The perceived image of C.S.

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Ĺ´Ĺ´É&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; Ĺ´ĹľÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;

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Ĺ´ĹľÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; This website has a marginal position that border a small cluster.

Ĺ´ĹśÉ&#x201E;Ć&#x152;É&#x201E; It represents one of the most important media in the women panorama.

The perceived image of C.S.

05.6 Conclusions. Concluding the analysis, it is easily noticeable that the complexity of actors relations is not able to solve this kind of controversy. Often it is not unexpected that cesarean topics open the debate among members of the same professional categories. That is why the project of this research is to investigate many aspects of the same controversy in order to create a complete overview on this phenomena.

On one hand, the analysis of the french network remarks a lower interest in which concern institutional presence and W.H.O. guidelines. On the other hand, the analysis of the italian network shows a significant situation: Institutions, as actors, are central nucleus of interconnections and, on the contrary, have no power to vehiculate enough information about W.H.O guidelines.

Anyway, as appears in this final chapter, one of the most clear problem is the difficulty of communication between W.H.O and web users. The research lead to final considerations related to country and institution.

At the end of the research, emerges that the visual aspects of c.s. delivery are such important in mother final choice, maybe because the controversy is superficially handled on the web.

ƌɄŹŹ

ŲŸ. Future develops

Due to the complexity of the controversy, even if the research has been as more exaustive as it could be, exist others lines of analysis. The research underlined that W.H.O. documentation is mostly expressed via papers and p.d.f files, so it could be useful to take into consideration this material in the analysis to understand how users can arise their awareness about the controversy and to comprehend how this new awareness can influence the perceived image of C.S.

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