http://www.eomf.on.ca/media/k2/attachments/Living_By_Water___Module_2___Shoreline_Erosion

Module 2:1

Managing Shoreline Erosion

Erosion: A Natural Process

Module 2:2

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Proceeds very slowly Important part of ecosystem function

Courtesy of: Ed Klekowski

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Natural Causes of Erosion Wind  Ice  Water movement 

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    

Wave energy Currents Changing water levels Rain/run-off

Gravity

Human Disturbances  

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Removal of shoreline vegetation Run-off from paved surfaces Boat wake

Human Disturbances

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Construction on or near the shoreline

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Heavy foot traffic

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Shoreline alteration

The Impacts of Erosion

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1.

Loss of valuable waterfront property

2.

Unsafe areas

3.

Loss of habitat

The Impacts of Erosion 4.

5.

6.

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7.

Changes the characteristics of the bottom Reduces water clarity Increases water temperature Releases chemicals/nutrients into the water

Signs of Erosion 

Areas of exposed soil

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Rills and gullies

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Slumping, undercut banks Formation of sandbars and “islands”

More Signs of Erosion 

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Cloudy water Stream or river becoming wide and shallow Receding shorelines Leaning & downed trees & exposed roots

How To Prevent Erosion 1.

2.

3.

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4.

Protect the natural shoreline Reduce run-off from impermeable surfaces Minimize wake from boats and other motorized watercraft Take precautions during construction

How To Prevent Erosion 5.

6.

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7.

Limit foot traffic in erosion prone areas Contour and cover pathways Avoid alterations to water courses

How to Control Erosion 1. Identify:    

Cause of erosion Type of erosion Extent of problem Site conditions

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2. Select most suitable control method

Control Methods A. Natural buffers B. Bioengineering

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C. Hardened structures

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A. Natural Buffer

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B. Soil Bioengineering

Slope Preparation

• 45° = 1:1 slope  27° = 2:1 slope  Module 2:16

18° = 3:1 slope 

Photo credit: Rian Myers 1993

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Bioengineering Techniques above the Water 

Live staking

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Fascines (wattles/bundles)

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Brush layers

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Brush mattresses

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Live Staking

Courtesy of: Carolyn Dindorf

Fascines

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Courtesy of Maccaferri Ltd.

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Brush Layers

Photo credit: Environment Canada

Brush Mattresses

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ď ľ

Courtesy of: Maccaferri Ltd.

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Maintenance

Recommended Native Species 

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Red-Osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) Silky Dogwood (Cornus obliqua) Grey Dogwood (Cornus racemosa)

Recommended Native Species 

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Pussy Willow (Salix discolor) Shining Willow (Salix lucida) Shrub Willow (Salix eriocephala)

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Gathering Plant Material

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Bioengineering Techniques In the Water 

Fibre rolls

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Brush bundles

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Plant anchors

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Fibre Rolls

Courtesy of Maccaferri

Courtesy of: Douglas Fuller Courtesy of: Douglas Fuller

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Brush bundles

Courtesy of: Carolyn Dindorf

Plant Anchors 

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Fibre mats Fibre bags

Courtesy of Maccaferri Ltd.

Case Study

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C. Hardened Structures 

Break walls

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Gabion baskets

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Riprap

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Breakwalls

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Retiring Your Breakwall

Photo credit: Cottage Life Magazine

1.

Dig it out

2.

Break it down

3.

Plant it

Gabion Baskets

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ď ľ

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Riprap

Courtesy of: Douglas Fuller

Approvals Contact:  Conservation Authority  Ministry Of Natural Resources  Department of Fisheries and Oceans

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 Parks Canada

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Managing Erosion 1.

Practice erosion prevention

2.

Understand the source of erosion

3.

Research your options

4.

Make an informed decision