Building Science 2 - Project 2 - KOLAB : Integrated Lighting Strategies

Project 2 - Integrated Lighting Strategies Building Science II (BLD 61303/ARC 3413)

Tutor : Mr. Azim Sulaiman Prepared by : Viktor Zeidler Lim 1006aH79876

BSc (Hons) Architecture School of Architecture, Building and Design

Contents 1. Introduction

3. Artificial Lighting Strategies

1.2 Floor Plans

3.1 3.2

List of Formulas & Relevant Data Room Index & Standard Illumination

1.3 Cutaway Section

3.3

Space A : Meeting Room

1.1 KOLAB Community Center

3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4

2. Daylight Analysis 2.1 Sun path Study 2.2 Lux Level Estimates 2.3 Daylight Factor Calculation 2.4 Space A : Meeting Room 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3

Visible Sky Angle Average Daylight Factor & Natural Illumination Natural Illumination Contour

2.5 Space AB : Meeting Room 2.5.1 Visible Sky Angle 2.5.2 Average Daylight Factor & Natural Illumination 2.5.3 PSALI Method

3.4

Material Reflectance Value Lighting Fixture Properties Lumen Method Calculation RCP & Light Contour

Space B : Workshop Studio 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.4

Material Reflectance Value Lighting Fixture Properties Lumen Method Calculation RCP & Light Contour PSALI Method

4. References, Link & Resources

1.1

Introduction

KOLAB Community Center

KOLAB will provide an open platform ‘labs’ for the community to collaborate and engage in a variety of activities and workshops that revolve around the FixIt Culture and the Right to Repair movement that fosters creativity, responsibility, sustained innovation, performance improvement and the creation of new skills.

A DIY to DIT (Do It Together) approach democratising the product industry and providing the people with the space, tools and resources to revive the damaged, repurpose the unused and to potentially reinvent stuff. Students will learn from Masters on how to repair their own watches, working adults will have the tools to turn their old earphones to wireless speakers and seniors will be able to learn how to build a website or even 3D print their own stuff.

KOLAB focuses on a people-oriented space, reclaiming what was predominantly vehicular, to improve outdoor activity and social interactions. The community center will provide an open space with trees and landscaping that will enhance the public realm creating a green corridor, woven into the larger fabric of the city by connecting the community to bicycle routes, parks and the river. The open space will create life between the buildings inviting people to sit, rest, eat, chat, observe and play.

1.2

Floor Plan

Ground floor plan

Ground Floor Plan 1:200

1.2

Floor Plan

First floor Plan + Space A (Meeting Room)

A

First Floor Plan 1:200

1.2

Floor Plans

Upper floor Plans + Space (Workshop Studio)

B

Second Floor Plan 1:200

Electrical Layout of RCP

Third Floor Plan 1:200

1.3

Cutaway Section

Space A (Meeting Room) + Space B (Workshop Studio)

B

A

2.1

Daylight Analysis : Sun Path Study Morning Sunlight at 8am

2.1

Daylight Analysis : Sun Path Diagram Midday Sunlight at 12pm

2.1

Daylight Analysis : Sun Path Diagram Evening Sunlight at 6pm

2.2

Daylight Analysis Lux Level Estimates

Daylight Illumination to be estimated at 20,000lm clear sky exterior direct sunlight during midday.

Results shown using V-Ray Lighting Analysis feature of light level on the roof during midday.

2.3

Daylight Analysis : Daylight Factor Calculation

W = the net area of the light transmitting area of the window (m2) A = the total area of the internal wall, floor and ceiling surfaces (m2) T = the diffuse light transmittance of the window θ = visible sky angle in degrees, measured in a vertical plane normal to and from the centre of the window R = the area-weighted average reflectance of area A

2.4.1 Daylight Factor Calculation : Meeting Room (Space A) Visible Sky Angle from center of Window

75.0

2.4.2 Daylight Factor Calculation : Meeting Room (Space A) Average Daylight Factor & Natural Illumination

A2 : W x H : 0.6m x 3m = 1.8m2

A1 : W x H : 3.8m x 3m = 11.4m2

A2 = A3

Dimension of Room (m)

L x W = 8m x 5m

Total Floor Area (m2)

40m2

A

Total Internal Area

158m2

W

Area of Windows (m2)

A1+A2+A3 = 11.4+(1.8x2) = 15m2

T

Glass Transmittance Corrected for Dirt

0.6

θ

Visible Sky Angle from center of window

75 degrees

R

Average Reflectance of Area A

0.3 (mostly natural medium timber surfaces)

DF

Average Daylight Factor

DF=(W/A) x (θT / 1-R) =(15/158) x ((75x0.6) / (1-0.3) =0.095 x (45/0.7) =6.11%

Ei

Natural Illuminance with outdoor daylight illumination during midday (lm)

DF=Ei/Eo x 100%, Ei=(DF/100) x Eo =(6.11/100) x 20000 =1,222lm

First Floor Plan 1:50

An average daylight factor of 6.11% which is literally just crossing the threshold of 6% for what is considered good lighting according to standards.

The daylight entering is only coming from the morning sun which is ideal and to optimise the comfort of the user and to avoid any glare, contractible roller blinds could be added alongside all 3 windows.

2.4.3 Daylight Factor Calculation : Meeting Room (Space A) Natural Illumination Contour

~5%

6.11% outdoor daylight illumination at late afternoon

5pm

outdoor daylight illumination during midday

~2%

12:00pm

outdoor daylight illumination before dusk

7:15pm

2.5.1 Daylight Factor Calculation : Workshop Studio (Space B) Visible Sky Angle from center of Window

62.2

2.5.2 Daylight Factor Calculation : Workshop Studio (Space B) Average Daylight Factor & Natural Illumination

Dimension of Room (m)

L x W = 12m x 6m

Total Floor Area (m2)

72m2

A

Total Internal Area

252m2

W

Area of Windows (m2)

B1+B2=16.2+9 = 25.2m2

T

Glass Transmittance Corrected for Dirt + Translucent PC Screen (average proportional to window surface area W)

(0.6(25.2)+0.4(65))/90.2 = (0.6x0.28)+(0.4x0.72) =0.168+0.288 =0.46

θ

Visible Sky Angle from center of window

62.2 degrees

R

Average Reflectance of Area A

0.4 (soft light coloured working tops with timber ceiling)

DF

Average Daylight Factor

DF=(W/A) x (θT / 1-R) =(25.2/252) x ((62.2x0.46) / (1-0.4) =0.10 x (28.61/0.6) =4.77%

Ei

Natural Illuminance with diffused daylight illumination during midday (lm)

DF=Ei/Eo x 100%, Ei=(DF/100) x Eo =(4.77/100) x 10000 =477lm

B2 : W x H : 3m x 3m = 9m2

B1 : W x H : 5.4m x 3m = 16.2m2

Second Floor Plan 1:100 An average daylight factor of 4.77% is the ideal and desired Illumination for the workshop with reference to MS1525 standards and BS Codes.

The daylight measured has taken into account the translucent polycarbonate by calculating the surface area exposed to a more prominent direct clear daylight. Rain, clouds, dirt over time and even furniture, people and objects within the space can actually affect the illuminance experienced. With PSALI in effect, the workspace is highly adaptable to any environment in order to make it conducive for almost all it’s general programmes.

2.5.3 Artificial Lighting Strategies : Space B (Workshop Studio) PSALI Method The space will utilise 3 switches, each of which controls a pair of suspended LED strip lights to be turned on during particular times of the day : B1 (9am onwards) - on most of the time to increase brightness at deeper and darker section of the workspace B2 (12pm onwards) - utilised when there the area is fully shaded and receives less daylight B3 (7pm onwards) - to accomodate activities taking place during the dark

3.1

Artificial Lighting Strategies List of Formulas & Relevant Data

3.2

Artificial Lighting Strategies Room Index & Standard Illumination

3.3.1 Artificial Lighting Strategies : Space A (Meeting Room) Material Reflectance Value Wall

Ceiling Full height tempered glazing panel

Floor

clear

Marine Plywood or similar Natural Finish with fire retardant coating

Natural hardwood timber Floorboards.

Rough medium brown surface

70% Reflectance

50% Reflectance

30% Reflectance

3.3.2 Artificial Lighting Strategies : Space A (Meeting Room) Lighting Fixture Properties

Lighting Fixture

Round Suspended Lighting

Type of Lighting

LED

Dimensions

600mm x 160mm

Wattage Range(W)

21W

Nominal Life (hr)

50000

Luminous Flux (lm)

2200lm

Colour Designation

Warm White

Colour Temperature (K)

3000K

CRI (Colour Rendering Index =)

90

3.3.3 Artificial Lighting Strategies : Space A (Meeting Room) Lumen Method Calculation

Dimension of Room (m)

L x W = 8m x 5m

Total Floor Area (m2)

40m2

Ceiling Height (m)

3.0m

Height of Working Plane (m)

0.8m

Hm : Mounting Height

2.5m

Maintenance Factor

0.8 (Standard)

RI : Room Index (K)

(L x W) / Hm x (L+W) = (8x5) / 2.5(8+5) = 1.23

E

IES Standard Illumination Target

300 Lux

A

Area at Working Plane height (m2)

10

F

Luminous Flux

2200

UF

Utilisation Factor

0.79 (refer to table)

MF

Maintenance Factor

0.8 (Standard)

N

Number of Fittings

(ExA) / (FXUFxMF) = (300x10) / (2200x0.79x0.8) =3000 / 1390.4 = 2.15

Fitting Layout : maximum spacing (Smax) between lights (m)

Smax = 1.5 x Hm = 1.5 x 2.5 =3.75m

3.3.4 Artificial Lighting Strategies : Space A (Meeting Room) Reflected Ceiling Plan + Light Level Contour

Night time with Lights

8pm

3.4.1 Artificial Lighting Strategies : Space B (Workshop Studio) Material Reflectance Value Wall

Ceiling

Floor

Glulam (Engineered TImber) Natural Finish

Marine Plywood or similar Natural Finish with fire retardant coating

Epoxy or painted timber Soft grey colored floor with smooth matt finish

20% Reflectance

50% Reflectance

70% Reflectance

3.4.2 Artificial Lighting Strategies : Space B (Workshop Studio) Lighting Fixture Properties

Lighting Fixture

Linear Suspended Lighting

Type of Lighting

LED

Dimensions

3000mm x 36mmx70mm

Wattage Range(W)

78W

Nominal Life (hr)

50000

Luminous Flux (lm)

3744lm

Colour Designation

Soft White

Colour Temperature (K)

3000K

CRI (Colour Rendering Index =) 95

3.4.3 Artificial Lighting Strategies : Space B (Workshop Studio) Lumen Method Calculation

Dimension of Room (m)

L x W = 12m x 6m

Total Floor Area (m2)

72m2

Ceiling Height (m)

3.0m

Height of Working Plane (m)

0.8m

Hm : Mounting Height

2.5m

Maintenance Factor

0.8 (Standard)

RI : Room Index (K)

(L x W) / Hm x (L+W) = (12x6) / 2.5(12+6) = 72/45

= 1.6

E

IES Standard Illumination Target

500 Lux

A

Area at Working Plane height (m2)

20

F

Luminous Flux

3744

UF

Utilisation Factor

0.79 (refer to table)

MF

Maintenance Factor

0.8 (Standard)

N

Number of Fittings (determined) *(providing 6 Nos at 1.5m apart)

N=(ExA) / (FXUFxMF) 6= (500xA) / (3744x0.79x0.8) 500A = 14197.25

*Utilising formula to determine A (Area of Working Plane height) to provide/maximum suitable

*A = 28.39m2

Fitting Layout : maximum spacing (Smax) between lights (m)

Smax = 1.5 x Hm = 1.5 x 2.5 =3.75m

3.4.4 Artificial Lighting Strategies : Space B (Workshop Studio) Reflected Ceiling Plan + Light Level Contour 6m

Evening before dusk

7:15pm

12m

4. References Deplazes, A., & Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Departement Architektur. (2018). Constructing architecture : materials, processes, structures : a handbook (Fourth, revised edition.). Birkhäuser W. Wu and E. Ng, (2013) “A Review of the Development of Daylighting in Schools,” in Lighting Research Technology Volume 35, 2, The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Fadli Arabi, Elina Mohdhusini, Raja Nur Syaheeza Raja Mohdyazit, Yakubu Aminu Dodo, , Mohd Zin Kandar, Faculty Of Engineering and Built Environment, UniversitiSains Islam Malaysia and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. (2017) Acceptable Illuminance Level Attributes To Learning Satisfaction In Classroom. Proceedings of The IRES International Conference, Lisbon, Portugal MS (Malaysian Standard) 1525 (2001) Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency and Use of Renewable Energy for Nonresidential Buildings: Department of Standards Malaysia.

Links https://www.velux.com/what-we-do/research-and-knowledge/deic-basic-book/daylight/daylight-calculations-and-measurements https://www.iesve.com/discoveries/article/3813/ten-key-daylight-and-electric-metrics https://www.archtoolbox.com/materials-systems/electrical/recommended-lighting-levels-in-buildings.html https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Reflectance-value-of-interior-surfaces_tbl3_305217242 https://www.viabizzuno.com/en/products/ http://architecturemalaysia.com/Files/Pool/14_150814_1518241824_lighting_design_seminar_080815.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Reflectance-value-of-interior-surfaces_tbl3_305217242 https://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/using-this-guide/analysis-methods/daylight-factor.html https://issuu.com/bb2b/docs/daylighting_24/s/11150107

Resources https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/daylight-box.html https://www.europeanproceedings.com/files/data/article/117/7025/article_117_7025_pdf_100.pdf https://decrolux.com.au/news/2018/approximate-reflectance-values-of-typical-building-finishes https://www.scribd.com/document/403867406/Contoh-utilisation-factor