Harmonious co-exsistance of people movement and urban pattern

HARMONIOUSCO-EXSISTANCEOFPEOPLEMOVEMENTAND URBANPATTERN

DISSERTATIONREPORT

Submittedby MVIGNESH(311719251701)

Inpartialfulfillmentfortheawardofthedegreeof

BACHELOROFARCHITECTURE

MOHAMEDSATHAKAJACADEMYOFARCHITECTURE, CHENNAI-603103

Affiliatedto ANNAUNIVERSITY CHENNAI-600025

MAY2023

ApprovedbyCouncilofArchitecture&affiliatedtoAnnaUniversity,Chennai

MOHAMEDSATHAKAJACADEMYOF ARCHITECTURE

ApprovedbyCouncilofArchitecture&affiliatedtoAnnaUniversity, Chennai

34,OldMahabalipuramRoad,ITHighway,Egattur,Chennai603103

BONAFIDECERTIFICATE

ThisistocertifythatthisdissertationReportisthebonafideworkof“MVIGNESH (Reg.no.311719251701)“whocarriedoutthedissertationentitled “HARMONIOUSCO-EXSISTANCEOFPEOPLEMOVEMENTAND URBANPATTERN”underourguidancefromFebruary2023toMay2023.

Ar.AngelinShinola Prof.SathishKumarT INTERNALGUIDEHOD/INTERNALGUIDE EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Prof.MohammedIdris

Prof.DrRaneeVedamuthu PRINCIPAL DIRECTOR

DECLARATION

IMVIGNESH(Reg.No.311719251701)herebydeclarethatthedissertationreport entitled“HARMONIOUSCO-EXSISTANCEOFPEOPLEMOVEMENTAND URBANPATTERN”donebymeundertheguidanceofProf.SathishKumarTand ArAngelinShinola(internal)atMohamedSathakAJAcademyofArchitecture, Chennaiissubmittedinpartialfulfilmentoftherequirementsfortheawardof BachelorofArchitecturedegree,AnnaUniversity,Chennai-600025.

DATE: PLACE:

SIGNATUREOFTHECANDIDATE

ABSTRACT

Firstlife,thenspaces,thenbuildings-theotherwayaroundneverworks.

JanGehl

Individualsandthecommunityarebothstrongfactorsthathelpdrivesociety.Itis saidthataperson'ssenseofidentityandbelongingtothecommunityareinfluenced bytheplacetheyinhabit.Peopletendtoconnectwiththeirheritage,traditions,etc. Moreover,theplacecanholdhistoricalandculturalsignificancethataffectssocietyas awholeCulturallandmarksaresymbolsofhumancreativity,endurance,and innovationthathelppreservethememoryofsignificanteventsthatoccurred.Some placesholdeconomicvalueandenvironmentalimportancetoo

Aplacemayholdsignificanceforvariousreasons,asitsvaluesaredependentonthe perspectiveoftheindividualandcommunityAplacehastosustainandtofunction withthetwofactorsweneedtointerplaywith.Toachievethis,urbanplannersmust adoptacollaborativeapproachthatinvolvesvariousstakeholders,includingcitizens, policymakers,architects,andurbanplanners

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

IwouldliketoexpressmydeepestgratitudetomydissertationadvisorsProf.Sathish KumarT,HeadofDepartmentandArAngelinShinolaS,AssistantProfessor,for theirunwaveringsupport,guidance,andencouragementthroughoutthisresearch project.Theirinvaluablefeedback,insightfulcomments,andpatientguidancehave beeninstrumentalinshapingthisdissertation

IwouldalsoliketothankthefacultyandstaffatMSAJAA,forprovidingmewitha stimulatingandsupportiveacademicenvironment.Iamgratefultothelibrarystafffor theirassistanceinobtainingtheresourcesIneeded.

MysincerethanksalsogotomyfriendsDebora,KumudhaveniandVelarasuwho havebeenaconstantsourceofsupportandencouragementthroughoutmydissertation Theirconstantfeedback,ideas,criticism,understanding,andencouragementhave beenthebackboneofthisdissertation.

Finally,Iwouldliketoacknowledgetheparticipantswhogenerouslygavetheirtime andenergytoparticipateinthisresearch.Withouttheirparticipationandcooperation, thiswouldnothavebeenpossible

Thankyouallforyourcontributionsandsupport

Topic:

SYNOPSIS

Harmoniousco-existenceofpeoplemovementandurbanpattern

Background:

Manymajorcitiesintheworldhavebeenplannedtosomeextent,itis importanttonotethatnotallcitieshavebeenplannedinthesameway.Somecities havegrownorganicallyovertime,whileothershavebeendesignedfromscratch Additionally,evencitiesthathavebeenplannedoftenhaveelementsoforganic growthandemergenceThatbeingsaid,planningcanplayanimportantrolein creatinglivableandfunctionalcities.Factorssuchasclimate,history,andfuture predictionscanallbetakenintoaccountwhendesigningacity.Atthemacrolevel,a city'sdesigncanalsotakeintoaccountfactorssuchastransportation,housing,and landuse.

Designintentandhumanbehavioraretwodifferententitiestiedtogetherto sustainlife.Designintentreferstothegoalsandobjectivesthatdesignersaimto achievethroughtheirwork,whilehumanbehaviorreferstotheactions,preferences, andhabitsofpeopleintheirdailylives.Inthecontextofthebuiltenvironment,the finalproductofadesignmaynotalwaysalignperfectlywiththedesignintentdueto themanyfactorsthatinfluencehumanbehaviorOtherfactors,suchaswork,living space,climatechange,andculturalvariations,canalsohaveasignificantimpacton theflowandfunctionofthebuiltenvironmentCulturalvariations,suchasdifferences invalues,preferences,andsocialnorms,canalsoinfluencethewaypeopleinteract withtheirenvironment.

Understandingthelayoutofcitiescanprovideinsightintohumanmovement andsettlementtrendsCitiesthatofferavarietyofservices,suchashousing, healthcare,education,andtransportation,aremorelivableandenvironmentally friendlythanthosethatdonot.Theyarealsomoreadaptabletosocietalandeconomic changeSustainablelivinginacityentailsmorethanjustprovidingfacilitiesand meansofsubsistence;italsoentailsadjustingtotheeffectsofmodernlife,suchas socioeconomicdisparity,climatechange,andfasturbanisationLong-term sustainabilityismorelikelytobeachievedbycitiesthatfosterenvironmental stewardship,socialinclusiveness,andeconomicgrowth.

ThecityofBarcelona"theExiample"designedbySpanishurbanplanner IldefonsoCerdainthe19thcenturywasaworld-spokenurbanprofileTheurban plannerdesigneditasanindustrialrevolutionerainthatautomobilescouldreplace walking.Latertheconceptofsustainablelivingwasputinfrontofreducingthe carbonfootprintThecitynamely"Superblock"wasredesignedin2016tomaximize theusageofpedestrianism.Bytheendof2024,80%ofBarcelonawillreplace automobileswithfootpaths.

CitieslikeBengaluruandChennaihavebeenattheforefrontofSouthIndia's tremendouseconomicgrowthanddevelopmentinrecentyearsBengaluruisoften referredtoasIndia's"SiliconValley"duetoitsstrongITsectorandillustrioushistory ofentrepreneurshipandinvention.Likeothercities,Chennaihasseentremendous

growthinrecentyears,withanemphasisoninfrastructure,technology,andeducation Thecityisaimingtoprovideaccesstohigh-qualityeducation,healthcare,andother facilitiesandhasdrawninvestmentfromavarietyofbusinesses,including Technology,manufacturing,andhealthcareTheseadvancementshavehelpedSouth India'swayoflifebecomemorecontemporaryandhavegivenpeoplenewchancesto bettertheirwayoflifeandmeansofsubsistence

Kathiparaurbansquare,T.Nagarpedestrianplaza,andcentralsquarein Chennaiareallexamplesofurbanspacesdesignedtopromotepedestrian-friendly areasandpublicamenities.Kathiparaurbansquare,whichwasinauguratedin December2021,isamodernurbanspacethatfeaturesseveralamenitiesforthepublic, includingbusbays,foodstalls,retailoutlets,aplayareaforchildren,anda landscapedspace.Theurbansquareaimstoprovideasafeandaccessiblespacefor pedestriansandcommuterstorelaxandinteractwiththeirsurroundingsSimilarly,T NagarpedestrianplazaisapopularurbanspaceinChennaithatwasdesignedasa pedestrian-onlyzone,closedtovehiculartrafficTheplazaisknownforitsshops, cafes,andpublicartinstallations,andisapopularspotforshoppingandsocializing.

Theelementofplacereferstothephysicalconditionorenvironmentin whichaparticularfunctionoccurs.Thiscouldleadtoseveralfactors,likealackof contextthatrunsfromhistorytothepresent,whichcouldresultinanunknownevent Thiscouldinterruptthemeaningofsignificance.Sometimestheplacethatprovided identityandasenseofbelongingcouldmakeitfeeldisconnected.Removingthe elementofaplacecouldmakeitdifficulttoidentifythe5W's,likewho,why,what, where,andwhen.Thisleadstoambiguityorconfusion.Onthewhole,removingthe elementofaplacecanhavebothnegativeandpositiveeffects,dependingonthe situationItcouldmakethingsmoreabstractanduniversal,aswellasmoredifficultto understandandcontextualize.

Aim:

Tostudyhowtheurbanorstreetpatternofplacerelatestohumanbehaviour concerningthemovementthatpeopleflowthrough.

Limitation:

Differentareashavedifferentfunctionsandthemovementpatternsofpeople arenotdefinedbyoneparticulararea.Indeed,macro-levelfactorssuchasgeography, infrastructure,economy,andculturecanaffectthefunctionsofanareaChoosinga smallerareatostudycanprovidemoredetailedinformationabouthowthatarea functionsaccordingtoitslocation.Confiningthepublicandthestreetvendorof PondyBazaar’s,Sirthagarayaroadwillhelpunderstandtheproject

ResearchQuestion:

Doestheurbanpatterndescribehowpeoplebehaveordoeshowpeople behaverepresenttheurbanpattern?

Proposedmethodology:

Adetailedreviewofthejournal,magazine,publishedbooks,conference,and proceedingmaterialispartofthepreparatoryinvestigation

ReviewingsuccessfulcasestudiesinIndia

Takingsurveyonthepeoplewhousethespace

Comparativestudyonbeforeadaptationandadoptionofthecity

Analyzingthesurveytakingfrompeople

Correlatingboththeaspectsofformandprovidingthefinalmeaning

PART1-INTRODUCTIONTOMARKETPLACEANDSTUDY

CHAPTERI-INTRODUCTION

Whatisastreet?

Inadenselypopulatedurbanregion,astreetisapublicthoroughfareorroadthatis frequentlyflankedbybuildings.Vehicles,bicycles,andpedestrianscanalltravelon streets,whichfrequentlyfeaturelanemarkingsordedicatedzonesforeachTheymay beidentifiedbynames,numbers,orotheridentifiers,andtheycanrangeinsizefrom littlelanesandalleywaystobroadboulevardsandavenuesStreetsfrequentlyactas economicandsocialcentresinadditiontobeingplacesformobility,withstores, eateries,andotherestablishmentspositionedalongthem.

Whatisacompletestreet?

Completestreetsarecreatedandmaintainedtoofferwalkers,cyclists,drivers,and usersofpublictransportationasafe,convenient,andcomfortablemeansofmovement Theseareroadwaysthattakeintoaccounttherequirementsofallusers,regardlessof theirage,levelofability,ormodeoftransportation,whiledesigningandconstructing themAfullroadwayismadetoallowalltypesoftransit,includingmotorcars, bicycles,publictransportation,andpedestrians.

Asaresult,thestreetdesignincludeswalkways,bikelanes,andbuslanes,andtraffic lightsandsignagearepositionedsuchthattheyarevisibletoandeasilyaccessibleby allusers.Completestreetsalsoincludecomponentsthatimprovesafetyandcomfort forallusers,suchastrafficcalmingmeasures,well-litbikelanesandwalkways,and streetfurniturethatencouragespeopletoutilisepublicareas.

Whatisanurbanfabric?

Urbanfabricreferstothephysicalandspatialstructureofacityottown.Itincludes buildings,streets,parks,publicspacesandotherelements.Itcanbeanalyizedin termsofdensity,scale,characterandfunctionasitisalsoshapedbyrangeoffactors, includinghistoricaldevelopmentpatterns,zoningregulations,transportationnetworks, andlandusepolicies

Whatdoesurbanrevitalizationmean?

Itisaprocessbywhichapartofthecitycrisisundergoesatransformation,moreor less,inordertoreversethedecliningtrendTheprocessisoftenusedtobreathenew lifeintoolderordeclining,neighbors,downtown,andcommercialareas.

Varietyofstrategiesareusedtorevitalize:

Economicdevelopment

infrastructuredevelopment

Housingdevelopment

Communityinvolvement

Whatisplace-making?

Itisaprocessofcreatingasenseofspaceandimprovingthequalityoflifeina particularcommunityorlocationbydesigningandmodifyingthebuiltenvironment, publicspaces,andsocialconnectionsItinvolvestransformingordinaryspacesinto vibrant,welcomingandfunctionalthatenablessocialinteractions,culturalexpresson andeconomicactivityItinvolvesvarioustypesofstakeholders,includinglocal residents,communitygroups,businessowners,governmentagencies,andurban designers.Byworkingtogether,thesestakeholderscancreatespacesthatareunique, authentic,andreflectiveofthecommunity’sidentityandneeds

Whatisasmartcity?

AsindicatedbytheSmartCitiesCouncil,asmartcityutilizesinformationandcom municationstechnology(ICT)toimprovetheliveability,functionality,andmaintain abilityofanarea.

S-Solutionto M-Managethe A-Applicationof

R-Resuroce

T-Technologyforacity

Whatdoessharedstreetmean?

Inasharedstreet,thedemandsofbikesandpedestriansaregivenpriorityoverthose ofautomobilesandothermotorisedvehicles.Thiscontrastswithconventional roadways,whereautomobilesaregivenpreferenceandpeopleonfootandbybicycle arerestrictedtothesidewalkorbikelaneSharedroadwaysencouragesocialcontact andcommunityinvolvementbybeingmorewelcomingandaccommodatingforall usersInadditiontomoreappealinglandscaping,seatingareas,andotheramenities, theyfrequentlyincludereducedspeedrestrictionsandtrafficcalmingtechniques. Theyarefrequentlyemployedinmetropolitansettings,wherethereisahigher demandforspace-efficient,versatilestreets,andinhistoricdistricts,wherethe preservationofthebuiltenvironmentand.

Arterialstreetsconnectvariousurbancentersinacity.Whilethesestreetsmaybe narroworwide,withorwithoutregularaccesstoproperties,theyencouragethe movementoftrafficacrossthecity

Collectorstreetsconnectlocalstreetswitharterialstreetsandcollecttrafficwith slowerspeedsfromtheformeranddistributeittothelatterTheyusuallygotoor comefromaneighborhoodoftripsoriginateorendinlocaltowns.Withthelowest speedlimits,localstreetscarrylowvolumesoftraffic.Theirmainpurposeisto provideaccesstoadjoiningproperties

Pedestrianzonecontinuouswalkingspaceforpedestrians,clearofanyobstructions

Frontage/deadzoneProvidesabufferbetweenthepedestrianzoneandthe propertyedge.

Multi-utilityzone(MUZ)spaceforvending,streetfurniture,landscape,busstops, andpropertyaccessramps;thelocationandsizeoftheMUZdependonthewidthof thefootpath.

CHAPTERII-LITERATUREREVIEW

Historyofmarketplaceorcommercialspace

HumanshavetradedgoodsandservicessincethedawnoftimeOurancestorshad verygoodthoughtsonwhereitneededtobeplacedinacentralizedareato exchangeitemsThefirstmarketplacewasbelievedtodatebackto3000BC,but couldgomuchfurtherback.Bazaarsandmarketplacesgrewexponentiallywhentrade routeswereassignedfromconnectingcitiestotertiarysectorslikecontinents.Itwasa placefornewideasandinnovationstobesharedandusedtochangetheworld

Thebazaarwasaplaceforpeoplewhocamefortradepurposes;itwasaclusterof liveabilitywhereeverythingwasinoneplaceBazaarssolvedallman’sproblems becausefarmerscouldselltheirsurpluslivestockinexchangeforsomethingtosatisfy theirneedsItwasalsoforcommoners,doingtheirdailygroceriesatvariousprices, stocks,andquality.

InancientGreece,themarketplacewasknownas"agoras"Similarly,inRome, marketswerecalled"forum.”Bothoftheseplacesarehugeopenspaceswherethe publicwouldcometogethertotradegoods,socialize,andmakeannouncementsfor thecommunity.Theopen-airpublicmarketsaresaidtohavearrivedfromBabylonia, Greece,Egypt,andChina.Overtime,themarketplaceislocatedinthecenterofthe cityoraplacewherealltheconnectivitiesarepresentandaformalizedwell-known landmarkofthecitysuchasgovernmentbuildings,churches,importantbuildings, etc.

DuringtheMiddleAges,themarketplacewasformalizedandregulatedInsome places,themarketplacewouldfunctiononlyonspecificdaysoftheweek.Sometimes merchantshavetopaytheirtaxestoselltheirproductsAsthemainsourceoftrade,it introducedtheideaofcompetitionamongmarketplacevendorsTostaveoffthe competitors,vendorsadopteddifferentsellingtechniques,includingcreatingvisually appealingproductdisplays,mannequins,hostingsales,andmoreAsthesepractices revealaveryimportantconceptofcustomerexperience,

Afewtypesofmarkets

●Farmer’smarket amarketfacilitatedtoentertainfarmerstoselltheirproductswithoutengagingwith otherdomaindirectlytotheconsumers.

●Fleamarket

Atypeofstreetmarketwhereitprovidesaspaceforvendorstoselltheirantique works.Thistypeofmarketisasensationalmarket.

●Artisanalmarket

Atypeofmarketwhereitbringstogetherlocalartisans,designers,andfoodproducers inThesemarketsareuniqueinthattheyofferanintimateshoppingexperienceand functionasinformalsocialgatherings,whereshopperscangettoknowtheartistsand designersbehindthegoodstheypurchase

●Nightmarket

Atypeofmarketthatoperatesprimarilyatnight,likelytoworkfromeveningtolate nightTheyareatypeofstreetmarketsandapopulartypeinforeigncountriesThey oftenshowslocalcultureandtraditions.

●Wholesalemarket

Atypeofmarketisconcernedwithbuyinggoodsfrommanufacturersin largequantitiesandsellingtothecustomersinsmallerquantitiesin cheaperprice

●Souvenirmarket

Atypeofmarketlocatedaspecificattractivezonesandtosellusa productthatremindsusoftheplace. ThePatternlanguagebyChristopherAlexander

TheMarketofManyShops

Thatasuccessfulmarketshouldbeaplacewherepeoplecanbrowseandshopfora varietyofgoods,whilealsoengagingwithothersinthecommunity.

1.Designingthemarketasaseriesofsmall,interconnectedshopsorstalls,ratherthan alarge,centralizedbuilding

2.Includingamixofdifferenttypesofshops,suchasfoodvendors,artisanal craftspeople,andlocalbusinesses

3Ensuringthatthemarketiseasilyaccessiblebyfoot,bike,andpublictransportation

4.Providingavarietyofseatingareas,bothindoorsandoutdoors,toencourage socializingandcommunityengagement

5.Creatingasenseofexcitementandvarietythroughtheuseofcolour,lighting,and otherdesignelements

6Encouraginglocalbusinessesandartisanstoparticipateinthemarket,topromote communityinvolvementandsupport.

Bycreatingavibrantanddiversemarket,the"MarketofManyShops"patternhelps topromotelocaleconomicdevelopment,enhancecommunityengagement,andcreate asenseofplaceandidentitywithinacommunity.

TheUniversityofMarketPlace.

Thatthemarketshouldserveasaplaceforlearning,socializing,andcommunity engagement

1.Designingthemarketasaseriesofinterconnectedspaces,eachwithaunique characterandpurpose,suchasfoodvendors,artisanalcraftspeople,andlocal businesses

2.Providingampleseatingareas,bothindoorsandoutdoors,toencouragesocializing, studying,andcommunityengagement

3.Creatingasenseofexcitementandvarietythroughtheuseofcolour,lighting,and otherdesignelements.

4Encouraginglocalartistsandperformerstoparticipateinthemarket,tocreatea senseofplaceandidentitywithinthecommunity.

5Offeringeducationalandculturalprograms,suchascookingclasses,workshops, andperformances,topromotelifelonglearningandcommunityengagement.

6.Ensuringthatthemarketiseasilyaccessiblebyfoot,bike,andpublictransportation, topromotesustainabilityandenvironmentalstewardship

Bycreatingavibrantanddiversemarket,the"UniversityofMarketPlace"pattern helpstopromotelocaleconomicdevelopment,enhancecommunityengagement,and createasenseofplaceandidentitywithinacommunity,whilealsoservingasahub forlearningandculturalenrichment.

TheIndividuallyOwnedShops

Thatasuccessfulcommunityshouldhaveamixoflocallyownedbusinesses,which notonlyprovidegoodsandservicesbutalsocontributetotheuniquecharacterand identityofaplace.

1.Designingbuildingswithsmall,affordablestorefrontsthatcanaccommodatea rangeofbusinesses

2.Encouraginglocalentrepreneursandsmallbusinessownerstoleaseandoperate thesestorefronts,ratherthanrelyingonlargechainstoresorfranchises

3.Providingampleparkingandconvenientaccesstoencouragefoottrafficand supportlocalbusinesses.

4Promotingadiversemixofbusinesses,includingspecialitystores,service providers,andrestaurants.

5Encouragingcollaborationandcommunityengagementamongtheshopowners,to createasenseofcamaraderieandsupport.

6.Encouragingtheuseofsustainableandenvironmentally-friendlybusinesspractices, topromoteenvironmentalstewardshipandresponsibility

Bypromotinglocallyownedbusinesses,the"IndividuallyOwnedShops"pattern helpstocreateasenseofplaceandidentitywithinacommunity,whilealso contributingtolocaleconomicdevelopmentandsupportingentrepreneurship Additionally,suchacommunityismorelikelytoofferuniqueanddiverseproducts andservicesthatreflectthecharacterandinterestsofthepeoplewholivethere

TheStreetCafe

Thatstreetcafes,withoutdoorseatingandfoodanddrinkofferings,canserveas importantgatheringplacesinacommunity,providingopportunitiesforpeopleto relax,socialize,andconnect

1.Designingthecafewithoutdoorseatingthatisbothcomfortableandwell-shaded, toencouragepeopletolingerandrelax

2.Providingavarietyoffoodanddrinkoptions,includingcoffee,tea,pastries,and lightmeals.

3Ensuringthatthecafeislocatedinasafeandaccessiblearea,withgoodfoottraffic andvisibility.

4Encouragingasenseofcommunityandengagementbyorganizingeventssuchas livemusic,artexhibitions,andculturalperformances

5.Creatingasenseofplaceandidentitybyincorporatinglocalartwork,decor,and designelements

6.Promotingsustainabilitybyusinglocallysourcedingredientsandeco-friendly materialsandpractices.

Bycreatingvibrantandwelcomingstreetcafes,the"StreetCafe"patternhelpsto promotesocialinteractionandcommunityengagement,creatingasenseofplaceand identitywithinacommunityItalsohelpstopromotelocaleconomicdevelopment,by providingopportunitiesforsmallbusinessownersandentrepreneurstothrive.

TheFoodStands

Thatfoodstandscanserveasimportantgatheringplacesinacommunity,providing opportunitiesforpeopletosocialize,whilealsopromotinglocaleconomic development

1.Designingthefoodstandtobevisuallyattractiveandwelcoming,withanopenand invitinglayout.

2Offeringavarietyoffoodoptions,includinghealthyandaffordablechoices

3.Ensuringthatthefoodstandislocatedinasafeandaccessiblearea,withgoodfoot trafficandvisibility

4.Encouragingasenseofcommunityandengagementbyorganizingeventssuchas cookingclasses,foodtastings,andculturalfestivals.

5Creatingasenseofplaceandidentitybyincorporatinglocalartwork,decor,and designelements.

6Promotingsustainabilitybyusinglocallysourcedingredientsandeco-friendly materialsandpractices.

Bycreatingaccessibleandaffordablefoodoptionsthroughfoodstands,the"Food Stands"patternhelpstopromotesocialinteractionandcommunityengagement, creatingasenseofplaceandidentitywithinacommunity.Italsohelpstopromote localeconomicdevelopment,byprovidingopportunitiesforsmallbusinessowners andentrepreneurstothrive.Additionally,providinghealthyandaffordablefood optionscanimprovethehealthandwell-beingofcommunitymembers.

ThePedestrianStreet

Apedestrianstreet,designedforpeopleratherthancars,canserveasanimportant gatheringplaceinacommunity,promotingsocialinteractionandcommunity engagement.

1.Designingthestreettobesafeandaccessibleforpedestrians,withwidesidewalks, well-litpathways,andmarkedcrosswalks

2Encouragingadiversemixofbusinesses,includingshops,restaurants,andcafes,to createalivelyandengagingatmosphere.

3Incorporatinggreenspacesandpublicarttocreateasenseofplaceandidentity withinthecommunity

4.Provideampleseatingandshadingtoencouragepeopletolingerandrelax. 5Promotingsustainabilitybyusingeco-friendlymaterialsandpractices,suchas permeablepavementandrainwaterharvesting.

6.Engagingthecommunityintheplanninganddesignprocesstoensurethatthe pedestrianstreetreflectstheneedsanddesiresofresidents

Bycreatingsafeandenjoyablepedestrian-orientedspacesthroughthe"Pedestrian Street"pattern,communitiescanpromotesocialinteraction,communityengagement, andeconomicdevelopment.Pedestrianstreetsalsoprovideahealthierandmore environmentally-friendlytransportationoption,reducingtheneedforcarsand promotingsustainableurbandevelopment

ThePathShape

Apathcanhaveasignificantimpactontheexperienceofwalkingthroughaspace, andthatthoughtfuldesigncancreateasenseofflowandcontinuitythroughouta landscape

1.Designingpathstofollowthenaturalcontoursofthelandscape,ratherthanforcing astraightlineorsharpangles.

2Usingcurvesandmeanderstocreateasenseofdiscoveryandanticipation,leading peoplethroughspacegraduallyandgently.

3Incorporatingchangesinelevation,suchasstepsorterracing,tocreatevisual interestandvariation.

4.Usingmaterialsthatareappropriateforthesurroundingenvironment,suchas naturalstone,wood,orgravel

5.Providingseatingandrestingareasalongthepathtoencouragepeopletopauseand enjoythesurroundinglandscape

6.Incorporatinglightingandothersafetyfeaturestoensurethatpathsaresafeand accessibleatalltimesoftheday.

Bydesigningpathsthatarebothfunctionalandaestheticallypleasing,thepatterncan helptocreateasenseofflowandcontinuitythroughoutalandscape,encouraging peopletoexploreandengagewiththenaturalenvironmentWell-designedpathscan alsopromotephysicalactivityandprovideopportunitiesforrelaxationand contemplation,promotinghealthandwell-beinginthecommunity.

EvolutionMapofChennai

Aswecaninterpertthatsincetheproposedoutcomefromthefirstmasterplanof 2006thesecondmasteplanofchennaihasevolvedtourbanizedmorein2026 masterplanThisshowsrapidgrowthofpopulationandtheircomfortingfactorslike residential,commercial,institutional,etc.Reducingtheopenspaceamongthe community.Asbeingurbanisedmoreutilizationofmoderntechnologyandamenities arepovidedatmicrolevelSomeplacehasmacrolevelamenitiestomaketheplace functionnonthelesslikebeforeortosustainitsliveableconditions.

TheNationalStreetVendorsAct

TheStreetVendors(ProtectionofLivelihoodandRegulationofStreetVending)Act, 2014,wasenactedbytheIndianParliamenttoprovidefortheprotectionofthe livelihoodrightsofstreetvendorsandtheregulationofstreetvendingactivities.The Actwasasignificantmilestoneinrecognizingtherightsofstreetvendorsand addressingtheirconcerns,whichhadlongbeenneglected.Oneofthekeyprovisions oftheActistheprotectionofthelivelihoodrightsofstreetvendorsItprohibitsthe evictionofstreetvendorsfromtheirdesignatedvendingzoneswithoutdueprocess andcompensation.Italsorequiresthelocalauthoritiestoprovidebasicfacilitieslike water,electricity,andsanitationtothevendingzones

TheStreetVendors(ProtectionofLivelihoodandRegulationofStreetVending)Act, 2014,isasignificantsteptowardsrecognizingtherightsofstreetvendorsand providingthemwithalegalframeworktocarryouttheirbusinessactivitiesTheAct seekstobalancetheinterestsofstreetvendorswiththoseofthelargersocietyand localauthoritiesItisavitalpieceoflegislationthatrecognizesthecontributionof streetvendorstotheeconomyandtheneedtoprotecttheirlivelihoods.

Othergovernmentinitiatives

SVANidhischeme

NationalassociationstreetvendorofIndia

Astoryonstreetvending

Streetvendingimprovestheavailabilityofgoodsandservicesinthecity,givesthe streetslife,andoffersaccessiblejobpossibilitiesAtthesametime,streetsellingis frequentlyblamedforcontributingtotrafficjams,pollutingpublicareas,and providingundocumentedemployment.Bothintheindustrializedanddeveloping worlds,conflictsbetweenstreetsellersandthemunicipalityarefrequent

CommonmethodstocontrolstreetvendingaccordingtoWeng

1.keepingthenumberofpeopleincheckbygivingoutlicencesorpermits

2controllingtheurbanpublicspacebydesignatingspecialstreetvendingzonesor locations

3.relocatingvendorstopublicmarketbuildings

Apersonwhosellsthingstothegeneralpublicwithouthavingafixedandpermanent structureatasellinglocationisknownasastreetvendor.Inthesensethattheytake upaspecificspaceonsidewalks,roadways,orotherpublicorprivateareas,street vendorsmightbestationary.However,theycanalsobemobileinthesensethatthey canshifttheirlocationandtravelfromoneplacetoanotherwhilecarryingtheir belongingsorusingmobilecarts.Inlargecitiesallaroundtheworld,particularlyin developingcountries,therearenowmuchmorestreetvendors.

AccordingtoBohwmik(2012),therearetworeasonsforthisrise.

Thefirstrelatestothepovertyandlackofpayinruralregions,whichhasled manytoseektheirfortuneinurbanareas.Theyfrequentlyhavelittleformal educationandwindupworkingintheunorganisedeconomy.

Thesecondfactorrelatestothosewhohavelosttheiremploymentandmust labourintheunorganisedsectorinordertomakeendsmeet.

Typologies

Mobilevendingmarket

Therearebothfixedandmobilestreetvendors.Duringbusinesshours,mobilestreet sellersswitchsites,whereasstationarystreetvendorsoftenhaveasetplaceof business.Therearetwotypesofmobilestreetvendors:partlymobileandcompletely mobileTherearevariousstationsalongtheroutewherestreetsellerscanbefound Forinstance,streetvendorsmaysetupshopnearschoolsatbusytimes(earlyinthe morning,duringlunch,andinthelateafternoon),butshifttobusierareaslikemarkets orbusinessdistrictsduringslowertimesWhensellingtheirthingsonthestreet, mobilestreetvendorsfrequentlypushacartwhilewalking,sellfromloadedbicycles, orcarrytheirgoodsontheirshouldersDuringworkinghours,fullymobilestreet vendorsremaininmotionFromthemoretranquilresidentialneighbourhoodstothe busierhighways,thesemobilestreetsellersarepresentthroughoutthecity.In residentialareas,theyfrequentlymakeanannouncementbyringingabelloremitting adistinctivesoundthathelpsclientsrecognisethem.

Stationarystreetvendors

Streetsellersthatconsistentlymaintainthesamelocationthroughoutbusinesshours areknownasstationaryvendors.Mostofthetime,theyestablishatemporaryshop withatableandchairsmadeofplasticandsomesortofroofing,Streetvendorsthat setupshopatneighbourhoodstreetmarkets,orthosewhoexclusivelysellonspecific streetsatapermanentlocationareexamplesofstationarystreetvendorsEventhough theynormallydonotpayanybodyfortherightstothislocation,thesestreetsellers haveoftenstakedaclaimit.

PART2-CASESTUDIESONUSESANDPUBLICACTIVITIESIN THEMARKETPLACE

ConnaughtPlace AnEvolution

ConnaughtPlaceisacommercialandfinancialcenterlocatedintheheartofNew Delhi,India.Itwasbuiltduringthe1920sand1930s,andwasnamedaftertheDuke ofConnaught,amemberoftheBritishRoyalFamilyTheconstructionofConnaught PlacewaspartofalargerplantoredesignthecityofDelhiasthecapitalofBritish IndiaThedesignofConnaughtPlacewasinspiredbytheclassicalarchitectureof Europeancities,andwasplannedbyarchitectRobertTorRussellThecircularshape oftheareawasdesignedtofacilitatetrafficflowandcreateacentralhubfor commerceandsocialactivityTheareawasdividedintoblocksthatwerenumbered clockwise,startingfromA.ConstructionofConnaughtPlacebeganin1929andwas completedin1933Theareawasbuiltusingredsandstone,andthebuildingsfeatured amixofEuropeanandIndianarchitecturalstylesThecentralcircleofConnaught Placewasdesignedasapublicspace,andwassurroundedbyacolonnadeofshops andrestaurantsTheinnercircleofConnaughtPlacefeaturedgovernmentbuildings, includingtheReserveBankofIndiaandtheheadquartersofseveralgovernment departments.AfterIndiagainedindependencefromBritishrulein1947,Connaught Placebecameasymbolofthenewnation'smodernityandprogressOvertheyears, theareahasundergoneseveralchanges,includingtheadditionofnewbuildingsand therenovationofexistingonesToday,ConnaughtPlaceremainsapopular destinationforshopping,dining,andentertainment,andisconsideredoneofthemost iconiclandmarksofDelhi.

Parkingfacilities

Thereisaprovisionforonstreet andoffstreetparkingwhereitis chargedonspecifictermsA policyoflongterm,shorttermand premiumparkingenablespeopleto revisitthisplacewithoutanyissue ofparkingissues.Parkinghasbeen providedfortheofficeusersa separateaccesstoavailontotheir daytodayusageMlcpinsideand outsidecp.

Trafficmovement

Asegregatedaccessforthe differentclassofmovementshave beenprovidedtoavoidtraffic congestionandtoavailpeople safety

Shuttleservicepattern

Theshuttleservicehasprovidedless usageofowntransportationThey haveseparatepathforavoiding obstructionamongpeopletoensure safetyThereisnowaitingtime becauseofhighernumberinusageof vehicles,peopleusethistoreduce timeandeffortasitisadirectusageto otherareas,thishastheabilitytobe personalizedorsharingwithstrangers

Publictransport

Smartfeaturesadopted

Optimizedparking

Reducedtraffic

Reducedpollution

Newrevenuestreams

Integratedonlinepayments

Increasedsafety

Realtimedataandtrend

insight

Decreasedmanagementcosts

1864

Thewallledcityofdelhinowknownas OldCitywasfoundinthemid1600’s byshahjahan.Thenewcitycametobe knownasshahjahanabadThe boulevardofchandinichowkwasits commercialcenterpiece,withadistinct visualcharacterIthadshopsliningit onbothsides,withreidentsabovethe shopandinterspacedwith chowks(square)theorganicgrowth lentthecityitscharacterofrich complexityofalleys,neighbourhoods andmarkets.Aftertherevoltof1857a majorre-orderingofthephysicalspace

ChandiniChowk Evolutionmap

1638

tookplaceSubsequentlyboththedaryaganjiandthekashmeregateareabecamethe centreofadministrativepowerduringthateraandmanyoftheearlycolonial buildingswereconstructedhereThebritishitroducedtherailwaysin1864passing throughheartofthecity,notonlydemolishingmanybuildingsandgardens,but cuttingthenorthofthecityfromtherest,thuschangingtheurbanmorphology.One oftheheavychangesseenafterindependeceisthatcommercialization,dueto proximityofrailwaynetwork.Thisareasconnectmajorgoodowns,wholesalemarkets themasterplanofdelhi2021mentionsthisareaunderspecialzone,characterizedbya mixofdifferentlanduses

Landuseofchandinichowk

LegendforLandUsemap fortheAreaof

Intervention

MixedUse:773%

Institutional:19%

OpenSpaces:012%

Circulation:15%

Residential:292%Commercial: 7233%

Exsistingcondition proposal

Restoreandreusehistoric buildingstopromoteand preservethearea’straditional character. Creatingimportatntlandmarks throughdevelopmentofheritage nodes. Depeliatedbuilidngsand unsuablebuildingsare redevelopedtopromote activitiessuchasexhibitions, culturalmuseum,exhibition space,etc

Adaptivereuseofhistoricalbuildings

CHAPTERIII-CASESTUDIESFROMPRESENTPONDYBAZAARANDOLD PONDYBAZAAR

IntheevolutionarymapofPondybazaar wecanunderstandthaturbanizationwas atitspeakfromdecadesbeforeThe buildingsweredemolishedandrebuilt withbetterfacilitiestoservepeople

History

TherewasnoTNagarpriorto1920Mambalamwasalongtankriverof77acres, includingpaddyfieldsarounditandsettlementsontheleftsideofthecity.The1921 censusshowsthatthepopulationwasmorethan6,30,000.So,theydecidedto constructcoloniesforthepeopleTheSouthIndianLiberationPartywasinpower duringtheperiodunderBritishrule,andtheministerswereunderthegovernanceof thegovernor

AcolonyofficewasstartedinMylaporeThevillages,MambalamandPuliyurwere renewedforhabitation,andPuliyurvillagetookoverK.K.Nagar,AshokNagarand KodambakkamwhichincludesgovernmentpoultryinSaidpetAtotalof540acresof landwerenamedTNagarThegovernmentspent5milliononthisprojectThiswas developedbetween1921and1924,anditwasnamedtheMambalamNewTownPlan. ItwasbasedontheBaroquearchitecturalstyleAcentralparkwasmadeasafocal point,andtheroadswerecreatedradially.Houseswithshoppingareasandmalls, cinematheaters,andschoolswereplannedandbuiltaccordingly.Theremaining490 acresoflandweredividedintoone-,half-,andone-fourth-acreplotsandgiventothe publicfordevelopment.

From1924to1934,therewasnomigrationtotheplaceThesuburbanrailwayline attractedmigrantstothisarea.TherailwaylinewasnamedtheMambalamRailway Line.DuetotheSuburbanRailwayline,Mambalamwasdividedintotwoparts,the westpartwasnamedwestMambalamandtheEastpartwasnamedasTNagar PanagantiRamarayaningar,knownastheKingofPanagalandthesecondChief MinisteroftheMadrasPresidencyThefamousPanagalParkwasnamedafterhim, andastatueofhimwasplacedneartheRadioHousebuilding.In1924,theMadras RadioPresidencyClubwasestablished.T.NagarwasbasedonJusticePartyfounder ThyagarayaChetty,whowasthepresidentofMadrasCorporationSothemainroad wasnamedThyagarayaRoad,andthenearbyroadwasnamedG.N.ChettyRoadafter GopathyNarayanaswamiChetty,anIndianmerchantTheThaniikachalamRoadwas namedafterO.ThanikachalamChetty.FollowingSivagnanamRoad,NatesanPark andUsmanRoadwerealsonamedafterthemembersandfoundersoftheJustice Party

HolyAngel,RamakrishnaMission,SarathaVidyalaya,andPSBBSchoolwerestarted. MostoftheTamilcinemaactorsresidedinTNagarbecauseofitsclosenessto KodambakkamandGeminiStudios,bothfamouslandmarksinthecinemaindustry NageshTheatreandRajkumariTheatrewereconstructed,andmanySabhaslike Vaanimahal,andKrishnaKanakaSabhawerealsoconstructed,whichareespecially famousfortheirCarnaticmusic.NalliSilks,NaiduHall,andotherbigshopswere constructedinTNagar

TNagarwasthefirstplannedsectorofChennai,asperreportsAsanestablishment oftheMadrasPresidency,theydecidedtochangeitintoamoderntownin1923. Itwasconsideredahousingfacility,parks,schools,temples,andshops

ThenearbyMambalamvillagewasaplacehousingmiddle-classincomegroupsand laterchangedtowestmambalam.

TheproposalonT.Nagar

ThesmartcityproposalforTNagarwasgivenbychennaismartycitylimitedand wasfundedbyTheTamilnadugovernment.Itstatesthatprojectproposedwasmainly tocontrolenroachmentofpublicspace.However,notallpartsofT.Nagarwas encroachedbystreethawkersNonethelessthedesignwasbasedonmoreof pedestrianfriendlyfordaytodayactivitytoenhancetheexperiencewithspace.

ThepondyBazzarbeingselectedasredevelopingpartofranganathanstreetfor1km stretch.ItisoneofthebusieststreetsofT.Nagarafterranganathastreet.

Thedesignwasplannedandlaunchedin2019byOIASIScompanyincollaboration withITDP

Itisadesignedplatformforpedestrianswhoareinlesscontactwithmovingvehicles connectingpanagalparkandteynampet

Vehiclesareclosedfrom6pm-9pmonweekdays

Notuserfriendly

Nolastmileconnectivityforpublictransportation

Keyelementremovedfromthedesignofpondybazzar

Removalofstreetvendors

Elementoftheplaceislostduetomorepedestrainfriendlyaccess

Improperoffstreetparking

Issuessolved

Equityofstreetwidth

Thevehicularmovementhaveadequateamountofspace.Thereisnodifferent carriagewaywhichhelpsinovertakingofothervehiclesDuetothisbottlenecksat narrowendmakecongestionunstabletoflow.Thismaysometimeallowwrongside drivingandparkingonthestreets.

Maintainingfootpathlevel

Footpathwithrecurrentbreaksinpropertyentrancesmakesinteruptedpathwayand inconvenicenceofmovementfordifferentlyabledpeopleThisdiscouragespeopleto walkonthepavement

Redirectingvehicularnetwork

Avoidingmoreofcomplicatedcrossingnetworkforvehiclesandpedestrainsleading tocongestionofplaceandnumerousamountofaccidentsoccursHavingasimplified accessnetworkmakesthespacemoreusable

Moreshadesprovided

Beinginchennaiclimatethecroachemntofheataffectspeoplefornotusingthe pedestrainmoreProvidingshadesliketreesorroofingmaterialsThisaddonto landscapingelementmakingtheplacemoreliveableandbreatheable.Thisalsoleads toincreasedinurbanheatislandeffect.

Livelypedestrainpath

Makingtheplacemorepedestrianfriendlyprovideslargerconnectionbetween consumerandprovider.Thisistheconceptofeyeonthestreetwhereeveryonecan communicate.

Streetfurnitures

Providingafurnitureforengagementofpeopletoenjoythevibranceoftheplace.A simplerooforchairsforshelterpruposeAllthefurnitureshouldbeplacedinsucha wayitisaccessibleconvenietly

Playfullstreets

Amenitieslikemonkeybars,swings,etchelpsinbringingmoreofchildrenwholove tospendtimewhentheirparentsarebusilybuyingproductsonthestoreorfrom vendors.

Properwastedisposals

AsegregateddisposalsystemmakestheenvironmentcleanThisshouldbeprovided atcertainintravelsorwhenthereisafoodstallprovided.Apropercleaningof disposedproductsaretobedoneondaytodayactivity.

Properdrainsystem

Aredevelopeddrainagesystemhasbeenputforthtoavoidanyfloods,badodourand redirectswastewatertoacatchmentpoint.ThisalsoincludesfacilityofStormwater drainandrainwaterharvestingfacilities.

Onstreetparkingfacilities

Onstreetparkingfacilitieshavebeenadoptedtoengagemorepeoplewiththe surroundingsProperutilizationofspacemakesitmoreconvenientwayofaccessSo toavailtheamenitypaidparkinghavebeenadoptedduringpeekhourstolessaccess theprivatemotorisedtransport.

Issuesthataren’tsolved

Offstreetparkingisimproper

Notenoughvendingspace

Smallscalepeopleconstrainingtoacomplex

CHAPTERV-ANALYSISOFCASESTUDIES

Basedonpatternlanguagebook

CHAPTERVI-ANALYSISOFPUBLICOPINIONS

BasedonPublicinteractiononsite

Thepublic

(Basedonhierarchyofanswersreceived)

Whydoyoucomehere?

i.Varietyofstores

iiWindowshopping

iii.Regularcustomers

ivForawalk

v.Brandedstores

Whatmodeoftransportdoyouuse?

I.Bike

IICar

IIIAuto

IV.Bus

VWalk

Howlongyou’vebeencominghere?

iSeveralyears

ii.Afterquarantine

iiiNewtotheplace

Anychangeswouldyourecommendforthisplace?

INeedmoreparkingspace

II.Morestreetvendors

III.Moreeateryspots

IVAgatheringplazza

Whatmakesyoufeelchangedinhere?

Newtotheplace

Nostreetvendors

Morepedestrianpath

Goodambience

Whattimedoyouprefer?

iUsuallyintheevenings

iiMorningwalks

iiiWeekendsforrefreshment

Thestreetvendors

(Basedonhierarchyofanswersreceived)

Wheredoyoucomefrom?

Chemmencheryhosingboard

Nearbylocation

Kotturpuramhousingboard

Whydoyoucomehere?Otherconditions?

Couldn’tfindbetterplace

Noplacetogo

Localcustomers

Whatmakesyoufeelchangedinhere?

Placeusedtobelitbypeople

Moreparkingspaceeasyconnectiontovendors

Nopavementwasprovided

Itwasa2waytrafficlane

Howlongyou’vebeencominghere?

iContinuingparentsbusiness

ii.Herefordecades

iii.Foradecade

Anyissueregardingpermanentshops?

Hadverygoodfriendshipwiththem

Foundnoerrorinputtingstoresonthefrontageofbuilding

Thepermanentshopbearers (Basedonhierarchyofanswersreceived)

Wheredoyoucomefrom?

I.Kotturpuramhousingboard

IINearbyplace

III.surroudingsof10km,15km.

Whydoyoucomehere?

i.Regularcustomersapprochesthem

iiBeenheresincedecades

iii.Ownshop

iv.Usedtobehigheconomygeneratingarea

Whatmakesyoufeelchangedinhere?

Placeusedtobelitbypeople

Moreparkingspaceeasyconnectiontovendors

Nopavementwasprovided

Itwasa2waytrafficlane

Howlongyou’vebeencominghere?

I.Continuingparentsbusiness

II.Herefordecades

IIIForadecade

Anyissueregardingstreetvendors?

Hadverygoodfriendshipwiththem

Foundnoerrorinputtingstoresonthefrontageofbuilding

Aspeoplearewelcomedtowindowshoppingstreetvendorsarehighpotential

Analysisofpeopleopinion

Peoplewantedtobefeltmoreinclusivethanalienated.Ifanewcontextisbeing proposedpeopletaketimetoadoptwithinayear.Ifthegapisbuiltandpeoplehad samethoughtonhowthespaceisgoingtofunctionasbeforedesigningPondybazaar Thedesignfails.People’sinclusiveisthekeytofunctionaspace.

CHAPTERVII:Conclusion

ParkingFacility

Asofnow,thereareahugenumberofparkingspacesMulti-levelparkingandonstreetparkinghavebeenfacilitated.Theoff-streetparkingfacilityhasbeendoomed asnodesignhasbeenimplementedConsideringthisdevelopmentashort-termand small-scalemodellingtounderstandtheworkflowofpeopleandtheefficiencyof work.Thusaddingtothesolutionimplemented.Specializedparkinglotsneedtobe

advisedforStoreownersastheyhavebeenparkingonthepedestrianpathandpeople makeitfeelexceptionalforthemtoaccessthesespaces.Theshopfrontsareparked byvehiclesmakingtheminactiveformucheasierpedestrianaccess

PlantingOn-streetparkingfacilitiesfortheshopbearersbysubstitutingOn-street parkingthathasbeenprovidedforthepublic.Aproperruleforparkingshouldbe appliedtoavoidsuchtheaboveconditions

MethodstoParkingFacility

ØShorttermparking

ØLong-termparking

ØPremiumparking

Short-termparkingfacilityincludesthepublicusingon-streetparkingfacilityas peopleareengagedinveryfewaccessiblestoresandquicklyreturntoother destinations.Thus,enablingaparkingspacewithahigherrateofchargemakes peopleuselessmodeofmotorizedtransportandfewpeopleacceptthiskindof methodassometimestheygetspaceforthemtoparkOnthestreets.

Long-termparkingfacilityincludesthepublicwhowouldliketospendmoretime shoppingandcommunityengagementhavebeenprovidedinlarge-scalemulti-level parkingbyGCCThisallowspeopletowanderaroundforalongertime,makingthis areafreefromMT.

Premiumparkingfacilitiesincludetheshopbearerstoparktheirvehiclesonthestreet insteadofparkingonpedestrianpathsandoff-streetparkingandprovidingaplanfor amonthlysubscriptiontoaparkingfacilityfortheresidentswhoarenearbyasthey canbesaferinparkingtheirvehicleswherepeoplewhodon’thavespaceforparking Andifthisisimplementedtheoff-streetparkingfacilitycanbefacilitatedand efficientusageofparkingspacecanbeachievedfortheresidentstoo

UnfunctionalBuildingComplex

AftermodifyingPondyBazaarthestreetvendorswerepushedtoa4-storeybuilding fordevelopingtheireconomy,aspeopleweremorefondofwalkingpastthevendors whilegoingtoworkortogetleisuretimeinthespace.Theyaredisqualifiedtoaccess thevendorswhoarecrampedontothebuiltstructurePeoplewalkpasttheempty streetthinkingtheyareinaccessibletothemasvendorshaddesignatedareaswhere peoplecantaccessthemAstheeconomydropseventhoughthefacilityprovidedisat standarditisconsideredtobenegligible.

Makinguseofthefacilityof4storeybuildingforvendorsandconvertingittoa premiumcarparkingareaforresidentsAndprovidingthemwithaconcourse-level bridgeforthemtoaccesstheothersideofthepathwithoutcrossingthehigh-traffic vehicularlaneAndthesecon-coarselevelshaveextraspaceforvendingzoneswith accessibleliftsandrampareas.

PART4-REFERENCE

CHAPTERVIII-REFERENCELINKS

BookandArticles

Citiesforpeople-https://umranica.wikido.xyz/repo/7/75/CitiesForPeopleJanGehlpdf

Urbanpattern-https://archiveorg/details/urbanpatterncity0005gal

UrbanformsandHumanbehaviour-https://lupinepublishers.com/psychologybehavioral-science-journal/fulltext/urban-form-and-human-behavior-in-context-oflivable-cities-and-their-public-realms.ID.000167.php

Urbandesignandpsychologicalaspectsofhumanbehaviourhttps://urbandesignlab.in/urban-design-psychological-aspect-human-behavior/

Super-blockredevelopment-

https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/ecologiaurbana/sites/default/files/engbMESURA% 20GOVERN%20SUPERILLESpdf

PondyBazaarpedestrianplazaa-https://oasisdesignsorg/pondybazarasp

ThepatternlanguagebyChristopherAlexanderhttps://arlhumancornelledu/linked%20docs/AlexanderAPatternLanguagepdf

TheInstituteofTransitandDevelopment-https://wwwitdpin/resource/completestreets-framework-toolkit/

Thecitiesforpeople-https://umranicawikidoxyz/repo/7/75/CitiesForPeopleJanGehl.pdf

Temporaryandtacticalurbanism-reassemblingurbanspaceshttp://tacticalurbanismguide.com/about/

Connughtplacestudy-

https://duacorgin/Upload/City%20Level%20Studies/Transport%20studies/65396587 5707532pdf

ChandiniChowkstudyhttp://www.urbanmobilityindia.in/Upload/Conference/93264be4-0824-4f8d-83b85799e5f93bee.pdf

Ranganathanstreetdesign-https://wwwslidesharenet/prithivim1/ranganthanstreettnagar-urban-design

TNagarvendorstudy-https://urbandesigncollectiveorg/projects-initiatives/urbanmapping-and-research/t-nagar-vendor-study/

Streetvending10citiesinIndia-https://nasvinetorg/researchdocument/Street%20Vending%20in%20Ten%20Cities%20in%20Indiapdf

Accommodatestreetvendorsduringtheurbandevelopmenthttps://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/79203

NMTnetworkinthecity-https://niuain/ccube/sites/all/themes/zap/assets/pdf/MOBILITY%20&%20AIR%20QTY/MAQ3%20 -%20NMTpdf

GrammarPhrasingtool

Quillbot-https://quillbot.com/

Grammarly-https://app.grammarly.com/

Wordtune-https://appwordtunecom/