Undergraduate Regional Design Studio - UIUC LA437 22FALL

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

2022 LA 437 | Undergraduate Regional Design Studio University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

EVIDENCE-BASED DESIGN TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE 1

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

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INSTRUCTORS

STUDIO PARTICIPANTS

Yijun Zeng

Aguada Jessica

Emma Quiroa-Crowell

Perez Erik

Alonso Alex

Ruiz Julian Matthew

Phillips Rabang

Burkard Grace

Kang Sean

Salcedo Eneyda

Deng Feng

Lin Long

Slater Levi

Forman Kylie

Miller Kevin

Tong Anne

Hernandez Jose

Omori Momoko

Austin Schiff

Ph.D. student, Landscape Architecture Associate director, LEAM Modeling Systems Laboratory yijunz4@illinois.edu

Dr. Brian Deal

Professor, Landscape Architecture Director, LEAM Modeling Systems Laboratory deal@illinois.edu

Landscape Architecture

Landscape Architecture

Landscape Architecture

Landscape Architecture

Landscape Architecture

Landscape Architecture

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Landscape Architecture

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LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

STUDIO INTRODUCTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Dynamic interactions between the patterns of human and natural/urban landscapes require ever more sophisticated solutions from both scientists and designers. This class explores such solutions through the lens of landscape architecture by integrating analytic (scientific) approaches with design and calls for ‘Evidence-based Design.’

Module 1 and Module 2

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Module 3

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Module 4

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Module 5

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This studio explores complex urban systems that are nonlinear, uncertain, and unpredictable and how landscape designers might deal with these progressively more complex problems.

This studio pursues a variety of approaches (environmental resilience, sustainable development goals, ecological design, etc.) to facilitate cross-scaled and cross-disciplinary design processes in support of contemporary landscape architecture. This studio aims to integrate both scale (larger scale to smaller) and evidenced base design (scientific analyses with design creations) in to studio design outcomes.

This studio will roughly follow the process and approaches of Geodesign. Geodesign is an emerging concept to facilitate the negotiation/collaboration between geospatial analysts and designers and to develop advanced decisions by forecasting possible futures (designs) and assessing real-time impacts.

This studio looks for beyond-areas of Geodesign. Your learning will not be limited to Geodesign’s negotiation process but be extended to theories, methods, and techniques for urban system science though lectures, discussions of readings, lab sessions, analyses, and design practices. Through systemic analysis and collaborative design, the essence of the studio is to rethink creative design processes and how to “remake” our world through evidence-based design within the context of a rapidly changing urban environment.

Developing Design Philosophy: Learn theories of urban resilience and equip the related geospatial techniques

Comprehensive Regional Analysis and Assessment: Apply the techniques to regional explorations. Assess and model contextual resilience scientifically.

Scaling Down to the Local: Find specific goals and issues based on analytic results and objective evidence. Develop design schematics with scenario-based approaches.

Performing Systemic Design: Develop “evidence-based” master plan reflecting the systemic findings (philosophies, evidence, and methods).

Photo by: Yijun Zeng

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LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

Photo 1

MODULE 1 + MODULE 2

Photo 4

SITE VISITS Photo 1. Nouthern entrance of the site Photo 2. Waterfront of Ping Tom Park

Developing Design Philosophy Date: Aug 22 - Sep 28

Photo 3. Easthern view of the site Photo 4. Nouthern view of the site Photo 5

Photo 5. Shurbs inside the site Photo 6. Ping Tom Park

Photo 2

Photo 3

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Photo 6

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E Armory Ave

Design Philosophy

the excessive temperatures surrounding this area, inclusions of shade trees would serve as a viable solution to help lower the temperature of this existing lot. This lot also contains poorly drained soils and should thus be mitigated by providing plantings that help with aeration and absorption of water. By using these design tactics, one can transform this lot into an area that combats the issues surrounding it, creating a lot that is developed, efficient, and green.

Check Solution Capacity

Project Location

S Oak St

E Gregory Dr

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

Brainstorm Solution

Spatial Analysis Parking Selection

Final Design Proposal

Define Issues “First-Look” Analysis

Schematic Design

Project Workflow

Check Solution Capacity

Jessica Aguada

Parking Spots

Based heavily on the analysis of existing conditions and systems, this Module 2 Project Sketch renovated parking lot master plan proposes solution-based design decisions that focuses on correcting existing issues. Some of the Jessica Aguada LA 437 Module 2 Project Sketch issues addressed include water runoff, high-temperature surfacing, and impervious pavement. Solution capacities were calculated to confirm that goals were met.

Water Runoff

Feng Deng

Original: 81 Spots Proposed: 48 Spots

Project Workflow

Parking Spots Original: 81 Spots Proposed: 48 Spots

Water Runoff Original: 1950.6 Gallons Proposed: 1270.6 Gallons

Asphalt Pavement

Final Design Proposal

Original: 30,550 sq ft Proposed: 19,900 sq ft

Schematic Design

Check Solution Capacity

Tree Canopies Original: 2 Trees Proposed: 12 Trees

Parking Spots Original: 81 Spots Proposed: 48 Spots

Master Plan

Water Runoff Original: 1950.6 Gallons Proposed: 1270.6 Gallons

Evidence-based design gives designers a greater understanding of how their design will function. The design for the Temple Hoyne Buell Hall parking lot extends the South Quad while providing a greater amount of ecosystem services to the surrounding area. The site is currently situated in an area with ample parking to the deficit of the environment.

Sketch Problem Parking Redesign

UIUC CAMPUS PARKING LOT ANALYSIS

Jose Hernandez

FALL 2022 LA 437 | PROFESSOR DEAL | Grace Burkard

County Market

County Market

County Market

SPRINGFIELD AVE SPRINGFIELD AVE

SPRINGFIELD AVE

FOURTH ST

SPRINGFIELD AVE

FOURTH ST

My design approach involves first defining the goals of the project. It is important to decide what the priorities are, so there can be a clear focus for the design.

Next, analysis provides context and exposes conditions and problems that the design can adress. Next, the creation of an informed design is followed by critique and this cycle continues. Next, the design needs to be analysied to determine if meets the goals.

Kylie Forman

FOURTH ST

Grace Burkard

Tree Canopies Original: 2 Trees Proposed: 12 Trees

Master Plan

The focus of this redesign sketch problem was to increase the runoff management, lowering the heat island effect of the site, and increasing the overall natural components of the site. Analysis such as surface water runoff and NDVI were a main driving force of this design.

Original: 30,550 sq ft Proposed: 19,900 sq ft

Schematic Design

Alex Alonso

Asphalt Pavement

FOURTH ST

“First-Look” Analysis

Project Workflow

Schematic Design

Check Solution Capacity

Schematic Design

Project Location

S Oak St

E Gregory Dr

Final Design Proposal

Define Issues “First-Look” Analysis

Brainstorm Solution

Define Issues

Brainstorm Solution

Spatial Analysis Parking Selection

Check Solution Capacity

Spatial Analysis

Tree Canopies Original: 2 Trees Proposed: 12 Trees

Check Solution Capacity

Schematic Design

The intent of this design solution is to create a space for authorized people to park that utilizes its intended area and tries to mitigate the effects of surface runoff and rising temperatures. The E Gregory Dr area is delegated as having larger amounts of water runoff and high temperatures and is intended to only serve faculty and staff of UIUC within the area. Since about half the area surrounding this lot cannot access this parking lot, reducing the number of spaces available would help utilize the space for efficiently and effectively. Due to the large amounts of water runoff, creating spaces that help collect this excess water could also help address this issue, such as creating rain garden areas. Also, due to the excessive temperatures surrounding this area, inclusions of shade trees would serve as a viable solution to help lower the temperature of this existing lot. This lot also contains poorly drained soils and should thus be mitigated by providing plantings that help with aeration and absorption of water. By using these design tactics, one can transform this lot into an area that combats the issues surrounding it, creating a lot that is developed, efficient, and green.

Parking Selection

Original: 30,550 sq ft Proposed: 19,900 sq ft

Master Plan

Project Location

S Oak St

E Armory Ave

Asphalt Pavement

The intent of this design solution is to create a space for authorized people to park that utilizes its intended area and tries to mitigate the effects of surface runoff and rising temperatures. The area is delegated as having larger amounts of water runoff and high temperatures and is intended to only serve faculty and staff of UIUC within the area. Since about half the area surrounding this lot cannot access this parking lot, reducing the number of spaces available would help utilize the space for efficiently and effectively. Due to the large amounts of water runoff, creating spaces that help collect this excess water could also help address this issue, such as creating rain garden areas. Also, due to the excessive temperatures surrounding this area, inclusions of shade trees would serve as a viable solution to help lower the temperature of this existing lot. This lot also contains poorly drained soils and should thus be mitigated by providing plantings that help with aeration and absorption of water. By using these design tactics, one can transform this lot into an area that combats the issues surrounding it, creating a lot that is developed, efficient, and green.

E Armory Ave

From the light analysis graph in the parking lot area, I knew that there were missing lights in those places, so I added more than 30 solar lights in the parking lot.

Solar lights can also save a lot of energy.

Original: 1950.6 Gallons Proposed: 1270.6 Gallons

Jessica Aguada

LA 437

The parking lots on campus that I chose to study are located on the north end of campus near County Market. The parking lots are in a high traffic area covered in mostly pavement. The new design for these two parking lots consists of adding more green space and less impermeable surfaces. From the four analysis maps, I was able to conclude there is a need for more tree coverage based on my Tree Map. You can see that the two parking lots have almost no trees. A lack of trees contributes to a high land surface temperature which is less hospitable and worse for wildlife. Based on my Normalized Difference in Vegetation Index, you can also see how this area is low on vegetation, and could use large areas of planting beds. From my Urban Runoff Map you can see that there is moderately high urban runoff for this area. My new design uses permeable pavers and curb cuts that lead to the bioswales located in the middle of the parking lot. Overall, my design achieves the problems that were made evident from my analysis.

NEW DESIGN North Lot

South Lot

North Lot Zoom-in South Lot Zoom-in

This design was meant to solve multiple issues in a parking lot at UIUC. The issues were targeted from data maps that were produced about the site. Issues were the lack of green, the area was impermeable, and there was a heat island. To solve those issues a lot of vegetation was added, including large shade trees, and permeable pavers were added to the site.

Shade Trees Unilock Permeable Pavers

Bioswale

Bioswale

Drought Tolerant Native Perennials

Ornamental Tree

Scale: 1/32” = 1’ 0’ 10’ 20’ 30’ 40’

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Shade Trees

Solar Panel Street Lamps

N

65’

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Design Philosophy

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE Emma Quiroa

Kevin Miller

My design approach involves three major steps: analysis, design, and representation.

All three of these steps are intertwined by different elements such as modeling and design softwares, research, etc. However, there are also elements that are specific to each step which makes them distinct and definable. This diagram shows how design is not just a straightforward path, but one that has loops and repeats.

This design was aimed at solving multiple issues with the site. Impermeable pavements make the site flood prone. I propose permeable pavements on parking spots and a stormwater bioswale. Another issue with the site is a low NDVI value. To aid this issue I propose parking lot islands with large shade trees. All of these decisions were guided by my design philosophy.

ce

ion lect col ata d / Qualitative research and Quantitative research -

Site analysis Site visit Talk to locals Scientific research Case study Specialists advise Academic papaer/studies Survey

De sig n

Modification Problems? Improvement

Design practice -

Consider problems and set goals Software simulation Interdiciplinary tasks

History, environment, social need Sustanability

Modification resilience Improvement Problems?

Problems?

Ecological impact

Social Impact

Economic Impact

v

Modification Improvement

Observation Feedback from users and scientists Questionnaire

Construction / M ent / a int ssm en se an As ce

My philosophy diagram begins by gathering data and evidence. There, I carry out qualitative and quantitative research while analyzing the historical, environmental, and social requirements of the place. After the design is finished, I monitor users, gather input from knowledgeable practitioners, and assess the design’s impact. In order to further enhance the design, it then circles back to the evidence-gathering stage.

Ev ide n

Momoko Omori

Eneyda Salcedo The sketch design proposal is the E-2 parking lot between the Education Building and Temple Hoyne Buell Hall on campus. The design works towards reducing the surface runoff and temperature with the use of vegetation by implementing rain gardens as well as transforming the surface to be pervious.

Erik Perez

Anne Tong

This design is meant to mitigate stormwater runoff to prevent flooding while creating an aesthetically pleasing rest area. The area was surrounded by a lot of residential and commercial area and therefore I decided to incorporate seating for the people in the surrounding area. The parking lot now contains permeable pavers and a lot more vegetation to lower sotrmwater runoff.

The design philosophy diagram framed a triangle with the design being placed in the center. The successful design, in my opinion, should be able to balance the need of humans and nature, be site-specific, as well as has its ecological function.

Research, programming, evaluate empowered the design with more scientific approaches. Being able to quantify the impact could help to refine our design.

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your diagram

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Land Surface Temperature

Imperviousness

Surface Runoff

High: 0.594638

High: 34.0724

High: 127

High: 7.26299

Low: -0.242296

Low: -27.4322

Low: 0

Low: 2.03224e-08

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LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

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MODULE 5

MODULE 3

Performing Systemic Design

Regional Analysis and Assessment

Date: Nov 4 - Dec 9

Date: Oct 03 - Oct 17

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LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

Land Use & Climate Emma Quiroa, Kylie Forman, & Alex Alonso To better understand the development of the 78th Neighborhood project, we analyzed the surrounding environment’s land use and different factors affecting climate change. By studying the surrounding area, we can get a better understanding of how to coexist with and better the existing built environment.

This analysis focuses on a variety of factors such as zoning, land use inventory, landmark availability, pollution, NDVI, LandSAT, as well as vacant and abandoned buildings. These subjects better our understanding of Chicago as whole in order to properly plan and design an additional development to one of the world’s most popular cities.

The City of Chicago is one of the world’s most popular cities with so many things to see and do. However when doing further research and analysis into land uses and the climate, it is obvious that there are many things that we as designers need to consider when making plans for renovating or creating additions to this city. All of the factors shown in these maps are important to consider when continuing on in this design process for the 78th Neighborhood project.

Current Chicago Zoning

1923 Chicago Zoning

Chicago General Pollution

Chicago Air Pollution

Chicago Particulate Matter

Chicago Land Use Inventory

Chicago Vacant/Abandoned Buildings

Chicago Greenhouse Gas Emitters

Chicago Water Pollution

Chicago Land Pollution

Chicago Land Surface Temperature

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Chicago NDVI

Chicago Landmark Districts

Chicago Environmental Threat Burden

Areas in the dark blue experience the least burden while areas in the dark red experience the most. This map not only shows how high levels of different pollutants create different levels of burden for different neighborhoods, but it also shows just how drastically different the environmental burden is for areas such as South Chicago and Brighton Park when compared to areas such as Lincoln Park. This map shows the lack of environmental justice not just for lower-income communities, but also minority communities in the City of Chicago.

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LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

Demographics Feng Deng, Julian Ruiz, Levi Slater

Demography Analyze

Our analysis maps focus on the city of Chicago as a whole. However, these maps break down the city into smaller categories, counties, zip codes, etc. All of our maps are using information within the last 5 years. So the information is still pretty accurate for today, but not totally accurate for the present day. For demographics we looked at ethnicity maps, older population maps, gender maps, population maps, school maps, and also unemployment rate maps. This gave us an idea of what types of people are in certain areas of Chicago. It also gave us an idea of what parts of Chicago have higher unemployment rates than others.

According to the maps the Southside of Chicago seems to have a much higher population rate.

This can be related to our poverty map in showing that the Southside of Chicago is much lower class than other parts of the city. For our economy and commercial analysis we chose to create a Chicago crime rate map, poverty rate map, tax increment district map, household income map, low wage jobs map, and a Chicago business permit map. Putting these maps together and comparing them to the demographics maps; you can create a lot of assumptions about the city of Chicago.

I can guess that the Southside of Chicago probably is not a place where you would want to go. Looking at the maps you can see that the Southside is lled with poverty, has a very high crime rate, and is predominately African Americans. This could also be a correlation to the income gap between White people and everyone else.

Personally I don’t think that there are any components within our analysis that are more important than other aspects. Each component of our analysis built on top of one another and can allow the viewer to retain information on Chicago and create assumptions based on these maps. If you compare and contrast multiple maps you will see the Southside of Chicago and the Northside of Chicago are almost completely opposite of each other. The Northside of Chicago has almost little to no poverty, very little crime rate, predominately white people, with little to no unemployment rates. The Southside of Chicago has one of the highest poverty rates in the city, highest crime rates, predominantly African Americans, with a very high unemployment rate compared to other parts of the city.

I think that this could be related to an income gap amongst certain races within Chicago.The Southside of Chicago also has the lowest population compared to other areas of Chicago.

This could be that perhaps people are scared to live there with the high crime rates and poor living conditions. Also, African Americans are not receiving equal opportunities to become successful in life that White people are. There also appears to be a lot less schools in the southern part of the city. This shows that people living in these areas do not have access to a good, safe learning environment. As you can see, our maps all correlate to one another in some way.

These maps also give accurate information from the City of Chicago database that can allow you to study the city and make assumptions accordingly.

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LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

Transportation Jessica Aguada, Jose Hernandez, Eneyda Salcedo The city of Chicago has developed its transportation over the years in its attempt to make it accessible for those who reside within the city as well as those on the outskirts of the city. Several modes of transportation that the city offers includes walking, biking, driving, or taking public transportation such as the CTA buses and trains. Through this analysis, we hope to extract information for each mode of transportation in the city to help further our understanding on the transportation accessibility.

The City of Chicago walkway system provides the most walkable areas within the downtown area, where a multitude of transit stations are provided, employment diversity is high, and households are nearing capacity. The Divvy bicycle system is more frequently used in the downtown Chicagoland area, as well as the Northern Part of Chicago. The traffic congestion is primarily located along the highway infrastructure heading towards the center of the city. Additionally, the crash incidents reported are dense along the highway and the Loop where the heart of downtown is located and filled with high traffic congestion.

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Walkability, Source: Chicago Data Portal, CMAP

Divvy Bike User Routes, Source: Chicago Data Portal, Divvy

CTA Bus Routes, Source: Chicago Data Portal

PUBLIC TRANSIT

Crash Incidents, Source: Illinois Department of Transportation

Annual Average Daily Traffic Density, Source: Illinois Department of Transportation

There are few areas missing bus stops with the most located in downtown. Also, many area are missing bus shelters in the city of Chicago but the bus routes do travel fairly throughout the city. Creating new public train lines would be too much even though they do not seem to be fairly distributed. However, providing more CTA and Metra stations in areas that lack train transit would help people access the train faster in certain areas. The heat map shows where people board the train often and the downtown area is where the trains are boarded the most.

CTA Train Boarding Volume, Source: Chicago Data Portal

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Water & Geography

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

CHICAGO HYDROLOGY

LA 437- Kevin Miller

CHICAGO RUNOFF MAP

CHICAGO FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP

LA437 -- ANNE TONG

LA437 -- Anne Tong

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Anne Tong, Momoko Omori, Kevin Miller

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Appr

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Our group worked on the geography and water conditions of Chicago. These are two conditions that are critical in the design process. With the results of this study, we may utilize the analysis results, particularly in terms of sustainability, to further explore creative techniques for water conservation; we can also use the elevation and land cover information to identify high floodrisk locations and figure out how to establish a more resilient environment in Chicago. From what we know about permeability and runoff we can help reinforce designs focused on ecological stormwater management to help reduce downstream impacts and maintain healthy rivers for public use.

Legend

So

Waterway

flood_risk

Legend

Value

runoff (in) Value

1

2

Low

J

Low : 0

0

flow direction Before 1900

Very Low

High : 4.96534

4

6

J

Moderate High Risk

Miles 8

a. AVERAGE JUNE RUNOFF; Source: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Chicago Watershed Delineation

0 0.75 1.5

3

4.5

Miles 6

d. HISTORIC WATERWAY; Source: Chicago Data Portal b. FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP; Analytic Hierarchy process

LA 437- Kevin Miller

LA437 -- Anne Tong

TARP

Both the Runoff map and the Watershed map are generated using digital elevation map (DEM) data. Using the raster calculator tool to apply formulas to calculate the curve number and average precipitation in June, the darker blue to lighter blue in the runoff map indicates higher runoff to lower one.

The watershed in the Chicago region is represented by the magenta lines on the watershed map.

The Flood Susceptibility Map is developed based on multiple criteria decision analysis: topographic wetness index, elevation, slope, land use and cover, NDVI, distance from water and roads, and drainage density. By rating importance by giving 0-100 points to those criteria(Analytic Hierarchy process), the red on the map represents zones that are most susceptible to flooding. On the other hand, green represents the low food risk area.

MWRD

Legend Chicago_boundary Watershed Delineation Stream

flow direction After 1900

DEM Value

High : 379

J

Low : 85

0

1

2

4

6

icag Ch

o Sa

y& nitar

C ship

l ana

Miles 8

c. WATERSHED; Source: ISGS, 2003

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MAP DESCRIPTION

Channelization

Both the historic and current waterways were sourced from the Chicago Data Portal. The historic waterway shows how the flow was naturally towards the lake and the basin was quite small.

But in 1900 the river was connected through a channel to the Des Plaines River and the flow was reversed this was aimed at tackling the sewage issue of the lake and rivers. But this caused a number of issues over the next century when flooding occured. To fix these issues Chicago has spent billions of dollars in infustructure projects.

b. CURRENT WATERWAYS; Source: Chicago Data Portal

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LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

Culture Grace Burkard, Ashley Lin, Rabang Philips In this module we set out to map the cultural ecosystems of Chicago. To do this, Grace analyzed the grocery store hot spots and green space hot spots. Ashley mapped out the popular Chicago landmarks. Rabang mapped out the sports stadiums, public schools, museums, and art galleries.

Each of these topics reflects specific aspects of Chicago’s cultural ecosystem, and helps paint a picture of the vibe of Chicago.

On the map you can see that most of the landmarks tend to cluster along the river and reach a peak near the Loop. So we can assume that this is the place where people tend to gather.

The concentration of Sports stadium and potential venues were mostly in the inner city. This is important because the different communities get to come together to experience events and there can be a diverse range of people participating in one common shared Chicago cultural experience.

The green space hot spot analysis map shows the areas in Chicago that have high amounts of green spaces. Green spaces have established links to mental health, so the presence or absense of green space influences the city’s culture.

There is a fair spread of public schools spread across the different neighborhoods in Chicago. These schools have resources, facilities, sports teams, and events that bring the smaller local communities together and it is a rite of passage for the urban city children.

The grocery store hot spot analysis map shows where grocery stores are found throughout Chicago. The purpose of the hot spot analysis is to expose areas that can be considered food deserts, through their lack of accessibility to grocery stores. A neighborhood’s food culture has health implications for its people, and is very important to recognize, and remediate any disparities.

Art and History of Chicago are staple of this city, and this can be confirmed by the various art galleries, and museums. They can mostly be found in the inner downtown neighborhoods, and some in north side Chicago. But there is not the desired spread of art galleries and museums.

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LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

Ecology

Erik Perez, Austin Schiff, Sean Kang In order to get a better understanding of the ecology in the Chicago area we had to identify important elements such as tree cover, natural areas, and other forms of greenspace such as green roofs. By knowing where all the natural and green space is in the city of Chicago, we were able to identify areas with potential ecosystems. We discovered that it ranged from prairies to wetlands and even some forests. After analyzing all the maps we created or found through research, we came to the conclusion that the city of Chicago was lacking green space. Just looking at the NDVI map we created we could see the lack of green space the closer you got to the heart of the city and we wanted to make sure to change that. We wanted to ensure that our future designs have diverse ecosystems and the first step is to introduce more vegetation.

CHICAGO WILDERNESS

The very small amout of greenspace in Chicago seems disconnected from each other. There are a few protected land spaces such as forests and woodlands near Chicago but none exists within the city. We want to invite those existing ecosystems into the Chicago area to create a more biodiverse city that can sustain various ecosystems.

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Chicago Wilderness (retrieved from https://hub.chicagowilderness.org/documents/giv-2-2-forest-woodlands-and-protected-lands-2013Ch/explore)

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LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

MODULE 4 Specifying Desgin Methods Date: Oct 17 - Nov 07

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Chicago 78th Neighborhood Emma Quiroa, Jose Hernandez, Austin Schiff, & Rabang Philips The City of Chicago is constantly changing, evolving and comes with a rich architectural and environmental history. The 78th Neighborhood is a portion of Chicago that is not yet developed in the heart of the city, a few minutes from Chinatown. This area is currently physically inaccessible to Chicago residents, with a large area of gravel and weeds surrounded by large walls, Ping Tom Park, and the river. This space has a lot of potential as an addition to the city and could solve many of the different issues currently threatening the health and wellbeing of Chicago residents. The four major problems our group identified that this area faces the most are connectivity, land use, ecology, and pollution. With this design, the 78th neighborhood of Chicago could help solve and mitigate many of these issues.

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SCHEMATIC DESIGN The schematic model of this site seen to the left shows the conceptual design of this space in response to the different problems highlighted. As seen, this plan shows a river expansion as well as the incorporation of different green islands. These islands serve a few different purposes. To begin, they add an additional site interest for residents of Chicago and create pocket parks for people to explore and walk through. In addition to this, these pocket parks will be planted with different species of plants that help to filter and clean polluted water. These island parks will help to improve the overall quality of the Chicago river while creating a beautiful space. The river walk will also be expanded through this site to provide a beautiful walking path that passes through the site as well as parallel to the floating island parks. In addition to this river walk, the majority of the site consists of a open green space with different paths throughout. This will help to eliminate the heavy impermeable surface ration in the city and bring better access to green space for different residents. For access to this site, our plan eliminates the large walls that currently enclose the space and instead incorporate a plaza that provides direct access from the street above to our site below. Across our entire site is a large continuous green roof that connects eight buildings as well as creates an overpass to the additional street providing car access to our site. This continuous green roof will act as a large pedestrian pathway and create a large landmark interest in the city. It also provides a lot of ecological benefits with different planting beds and tree species. An additional 6 high-rise buildings will also be incorporate into the site with full green roofs on top. These will help to provide affordable housing to the residents of Chicago, further bridging the gap between poverty classes in the city as well as create green spaces on areas of impermeable surfaces. These buildings will also house vertical gardens that will help to “greenify” this space and create a visually appealing addition to the city of Chicago.

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

DESIGN STRATEGY

Our adapter scenarios show how the site and it’s surroundings will change over the years as our design is implemented. The first set of early adapters considers these changes if they are implemented now while the second set of late adapter sets consider these changes if they are implemented by 2035. A major change that occurs over the years includes the pollution and water quality in the Chicago river that runs by the site. Our plan is to implement small floating islands with plants that help to filter our pollutants. In total the roots of these plants will help to filter roughly 90% of the pollutants (heavy metals) found in storm water runoff. Another major change in the site is the number of trees. In our plan, we increased the number of trees by roughly 1000%. Currently there are roughly 20 small plants and trees on the site and our design incorporates over 200 different trees throughout. For the early adapter scenarios, if the trees are planted in 2022, the canopy will be relatively sparse in 2035 and will grow significantly by 2055, creating a dense canopy throughout our park area. This will help to reduce overall land temperature as this green space and tree coverage will reduce paved surfaces which attract and hold more heat than permeable surfaces. The walkability of this area is very poor as it is surrounded by large walls and creates a hard to reach area for Chicago residents. Our design shows how the walkability increases significantly with the addition of our entry plaza. We also incorporated bus and train stops on the site as well as many access points to help improve this walkability index. Every one of our buildings will have a large green roof. We also plan on incorporating a continuous greenroof over 8 buildings that not only holds the value of a traditional greenroof, but also creates a pedestrian pathway while showcasing different planting beds and trees. The addition of these greenroofs will increase those in the area from 74 to approximately 89 with the addition of our continuous greenroof.

Early Adapter 2022

Early Adapter 2035

Late Adapter 2055

Late Adapter 2035

Late Adapter 2055

Overall this design will be further developed to show different key elements we plan on incorporating into this site. This development will help to solve many issues present in the city of Chicago today and create a better city for tomorrow.

29

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• • • • • • Chicago Tree Canopy

Chicago NDVI

Chicago Native Plantings

Chicago Habitats

Increase tree canopy in area Green roofs for wildlife expansion Vertical gardens Diverse plantings Focus on native plantings Riverwalk expansion - create aquatic and land habitats

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The natural aspect suffers from low wildlife diversity, low plant life diversity, lack of native plant presence and lack of tree canopy. Maintaining the green spaces created is also an issue, see the condition of Terminus Park to the northwest.

GOAL 3: ECOLOGICAL EXPANSION

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PROBLEM 2: LAND USE The area around our site includes several different applications. The site itself is a field of grass and unmaintained shrubbery. North of our site is a mall complex with a parking lot and storefronts. West is the river, and a rail car yard full of rail lines. East is a residential area with apartment complexes and an elementary school. The rest of the surrounding area is mostly commercial.

There are four small parks within the vicinity as well directly south is Ping Tom.

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The City of Chicago has an intricate network of transportation throughout the central downtown area, however when it comes to the 78th neighborhood, there is a lack of train lines and bus stops on the site. The nearest CTA train stops are the Roosevelt and Cermak stations. A ground rail line intersects our site, and another to the south, where Amtrak and Metra trains cross in Ping Tom Park. The buses running near our site are the 24 on the east side, and the 12, 18, and 62 on the north.

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GOAL 2: DEVELOPMENT

Chicago Zoning

Chicago Land Use

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Chicago Impervious Surfaces

• • • • • • • •

Net zero buildings Green roofs Vetical gardens Riverwalk expansion Pocket parks Keep part of existing greenery Create city attractions Permeable surfaces

Our area is in the central downtown area which has developed into large skyscrapers, highways, and manufacturing plants. As seen in most major cities, pollution levels in this area are high. However, in comparison to areas all around, our site sees less generally pollution, lower land temperatures, and less water pollution. For the development of this site, we need to ensure to keep these levels lower than the surrounding areas. As well as deveop in a way that helps mitigate pollution rather than contribute to it. There is still substantial pollution present, and we hope to contribute to lowering it.

All maps show 10km by 10 km

GOAL 4: POLLUTION CON-

Chicago General Pollution

Chicago Land Temperature

Chicago Particulate Matter

Chicago Water Pollution

• • • • • • • • •

Net zero buildings Solar energy Green roofs Public transportation options (less common traffic) Pedestrian and bike focused travel Smaller streets Increased greenspace Permeable surfaces

31

Analysis & Goals Kylie Forman, Grace Burkard, Feng Deng, Sean Kang The 78th Ward is a proposal to create a new neighborhood in Chicago, bordering the Chicago central business district, the Loop, as well as the Roosevelt Expressway and the Chicago River. Analysis using various methods in ArcMap reveals that the site is situated between different cultural areas and income levels, and suffers from pollution and lack of accessibility.

Developments are underway to transform this area into a functional neighborhood with businesses, residental areas, green spaces, and transportation systems.

ANALYSIS

GOALS AND ISSUES

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

INCOME

1. Situated between neighborhoods with distinct cultural identities 2. Possible gentrification from residents of North Chicago 3. Lack of accessibility for pedestrians within multi-modal transportation 4. Exposure to pollution and lack of green space creates poor environmental health

The site is between the Loop, home to white collar residents with high earning jobs, and the south side of Chicago, which is lower income. As Chicago real estate becomes more valuable, there is a looming threat of displacement for long time working class residents.

1. Represent local culture through small business opportunities 2. Include affordable housing to prevent gentrification 3. Create pedestrian walkway system to increase connectivity 4. Utilize bioremediation and diverse planting to improve environmental health

Legend

Legend Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community

Income

Affordable Housing

$426.86 - $924.77 $924.70 - $1178.66 $1178.66 - $1483.73

Legend

Legend

$1920.55 - $3278.49

Average Gross Rent

ACCESSIBILITY There are various forms of transportation that are accessible from the site: CTA bus, major roadway, and water taxi.

However, pedestrian walkways and bike paths are an afterthought; they are incomplete and in need of repair.

Hot_Spots_BOARDINGS_smt1 BOARDINGS

busstop_Clip2

0 - 67 67 - 203.5

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203.5 - 474.5 474.5 - 1022.7

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1022.7 - 2595.3

CTA Buses and Stops NAME

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CULTURE

ECOLOGY

The site is bordered by neighborhoods known for their cultural identities. Chinatown has a high population of Asian immigrants. Pilsen is known for Latino culture. Little Italy is home to the University of Illinois at Chicago.

There is a significant amount of land, water, and air pollution near and within the site. The site is a comparatively large pocket of green space, and is vital to mitigating the effects of pollution and flooding from the Chicago River.

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3,812.620227 - 7,625.240451

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11,437.86069 - 15,250.4809

Toxic Releases to Land

Brownfields SOUTH SHORE EXPRESS

15,250.48091 - 19,063.10113 19,063.10114 - 22,875.72135

Land Pollution Kernel Density

22,875.72136 - 26,688.34158

<VALUE>

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26,688.34159 - 30,500.96181

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SOLDIER FIELD AirEXPRESS Pollution

7,625.240452 - 11,437.86068

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Average Gross Rent SE_A18005_001

$1483.73 - $1920.55

Aerial of Site 5km x 5km

Landmark Density

Affordable Housing

0 - 3,812.620226

3,812.620227 - 7,625.240451 STOCKTON/LASALLE EXPRESS

30,500.96182 - 34,313.58203

Land Pollution and GHGs 7,625.240452 - 11,437.86068

11,437.86069 - 15,250.4809 STOCKTON/MICHIGAN EXPRESS 15,250.48091 - 19,063.10113

- 22,875.72135 STONY ISLAND 19,063.10114 22,875.72136 - 26,688.34158

STREETERVILLE/TAYLOR 30,500.96182 - 34,313.58203

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Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community % %

NVDI

Urban Runoff

26,688.34159 - 30,500.96181

32

U OF CHICAGO HOSPITALS EXPRESS UNION/STREETERVILLE EXPRESS WALLACE/RACINE WATER TOWER EXPRESS WENTWORTH w78

33

NO CHANGE 2022

2035

2055

The area continues to suffer from the effects of pollution and the surrounding area does not experience any business growth

Climate change expands flooding risk in the area. Housing prices continue to rise with increased demand. Sidewalks to the area are not prioritized.

The entire site is at risk of flooding as the site is overrun with invasive plants. Neglected pollution around the site contaminates other areas through runoff. The surrounding area is only occupied by wealthier residents after long time residents are priced out.

PLAN ADOPTED 2022

2035

2055

Pedestrian pathways in the proposal are built, expanding access to surrounding businesses.

Vegetation on the site reduces risk of pollution carrying flooding. New business opportunities bring in new residents while affordable housing in site dissuades gentrification.

Vegetation improves air and water quality.

Due to it’s popularity, the riverfront has expanded beyond the site. The site hosts an ethnically as well as class diverse population with thriving businesses.

34

SCHEMATIC DESIGN AND ASSESSMENT

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

In order to assess the strength of our solution, we used four indicators, one for each goal, to prove how well we addressed the main issues within our site. Business demographics describe the businesses with cultural affilations in the area. Through this, we can evaluate if and how a certain cultural group participates In the surrounding area. Average rent by census tract shows how expensive rent at a granular level, and a dramatic rent increase can indicate gentrification. Walkability depicts the state of the pedestrian walkway system in the area, and what connections are prioritized and which are not.

Urban runoff measures both the flood risk of the area as well as the amount of pollution that area comes in contact with. Runoff carries pollution, and the more runoff that is captured the less contaminants are in the site.

35

Proposed Design

Providing accessible routes for pedestrians in/out and through site Issues: NDVI Map Flood Susceptibility Map Impervious Surface Map Incorporation green space for while improvingin/out vegetation connection • Lack of accessibility pedestrians and through site Inclusion of gathering space and housing for surrounding • Absence of green space and connectivity betweencommunity existing vegetation LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE Racial Distribution Map Decrease stormwater runoff • Need for spacial integration for the surrounding, existing communities ! !

DEFINING GOALS TRANSPORTATION 78 NEIGHBORHOOD SITE !

• Excess of stormwater runoff with lack of suitable destination/usage ! !

Median Household Income Map !

Green Space Centralized In order to address the main issues found within The site contains very few entry and exit points. within D !

Roosevelt Ping Tom Park NDVIgoals Mapwere determined Flood Susceptibility Map the site, the following Boarding distribution data suggestsPark mostand people Propo Goals: Racial Distribution Map to provide design direction: Provide accessible are traveling to and from up North, by the Loop.

• Providing accessible routes for pedestrians in/out and through site routes for pedestrians in, out and through the Although existing rail lines run through the site, • Incorporation of green space while improving vegetation connection !

Inclusion Transit Stations for Ra site; Incorporate green space while improving functioning rail stops are not easilyofaccessible !

Alex Alonso, Erik Perez, • Inclusion of gathering space and housing for surrounding community Waterways Issues: • W vegetation connection; Include gathering space from the site.

There is an existing bus stop on • Existing Transit Stops serve large existing population Jessica Aguada, Julian Ruiz • housing Decrease stormwatercommunity; runoff • Lack of accessibility for pedestrians in/out and through site • S and for surrounding Clark St that is not heavily utilized, which can be • Proposed CTA/Metra Stop to serve local community Racial Distribution Map Untitled Map !

• Absence of green space and connectivity between existing vegetation Decrease stormwater runoff. revamped as an entry point.

Providing more entry Proposed Retention Pond Within !

Following from regional analysis in Module Median Household Income Map • Need for spacial integration for the surrounding, existing communities adn exit points, as well as more transportation Intervention 3, groups were given the determined site for NDVI Map Flood Susceptibility Map • Excess of stormwater runoff with lack of suitable destination/usage routes to and through the site would help provide design intervention. The 78 Neighborhood site easier accessibility and flow of traffic.

Average Rent Map is located in downtown Chicago, IL beside the Distribution Map Rail Lines;Racial Data source: https://data.cityofchicago.org/ Bus Routes; DataDistribution source: https://data.cityofchicago.org/ Racial Map Incorporation of Housing Opportu intersection of S Clark St and W 16th Ave. An Goals: Issues: Impervious Surface Map Surrounding Community LOCAL DISTRIBUTION • Lack of accessibility for pedestrians pedestrians in/out in/out and and through through site site underdeveloped site with many urban issues, !

• Providing accessible routes for • Existing Transit Stops serve large existing population !

• Absence of green space and connectivity between existing vegetation this area is currently under city consideration • Incorporation of green space while improving vegetation connection Railroad Transportation Map Bus Transportation Map • Proposed Stop to community LandCTA/Metra use data suggests theserve area local is currently • Need for spacial integration for thefor surrounding, existing communities to create a new neighborhood of Chicago, the • Inclusion of gathering space and housing surrounding community ! ! vacant Chicago Green and Space is surrounded by residential, • Excess of stormwater Chicago 78th. Through local analysis of the current !

• Decrease stormwater runoff runoff with lack of suitable destination/usage commercial, and green space. The racial makeup Average Rent Map issues and systems that run through the site, !

Racial Distribution Map ! shows the site directly boarding White and Asian Legend the proposed goals were designed to tackle Impervious Surface Map Untitled Map Median Household Income Map Goals: populations, with Chinatown being to the South. the main issues identified. Analyzed scenarios Write a description for your map.

NDVI Map routes for pedestrians in/out and throughFlood Susceptibility Map • Providing accessible site Average rent and household income share similar were created to develop an overall design trends, with high amounts to the North of the site • Incorporation of green space while improving vegetation connection intervention that would create aesthetic 5 km Boundary N and price drops moving Southward. Population • Inclusion of gathering space and housing for surrounding community solutions to the existing concerns of the site.

Transportation Map Bus Transportation Map data suggests high amounts of people in the • DecreaseRailroad stormwater runoff ! !

• site.

Existing Transit Stop residential communities nearby the Creating Chicago Green Space Chicago Population Density !

• beProposed CTA/Metr Average Rent Map a space that is inclusive of all would best.

Median Household Income Map Racial Distribution Map Land Use; Data! Source: CMAP Racial Distribution; Data Source: https://bestneighborhood.org !

NDVI Map Flood Susceptibility Map Impervious Surface Map

Analysis & Goals

• • • •

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LA 437 Regional Design Studio | November 7, 2022 | Chicago, IL ! (

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9,102 - 18,203

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165,313 - 207,647 207,648 - 256,031 256,032 - 348,767 348,768 - 514,079

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LA 437 Regional Design Studio | November 7, 2022 | Chicago, IL Site Boundary Metra Lines

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462 - 1112

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2171 - 5880

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Average Dismounts

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45,508 - 54,609

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Bus Transportation Map

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9,102 - 18,203

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36,407 - 45,507 45,508 - 54,609

Racial Distribution Map Railroad Transportation Map 54,610 - 63,710 63,711 - 72,812

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63,711 - 72,812

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9,102 - 18,203

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Impervious Surface Map Beside the Chicago River, the site borders Ping Tom Park to the South and Clark St to the East.

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The main issues found within the site include the lack of accessibility for pedestrians in, out and through the site, the absence of green space and connectivity between existing vegetation, the need for spacial integration for the surrounding, existing communities, and the excess of stormwater runoff with lack of suitable destination or usage. To understand the full complexity of the site and its issues, multiple analysis maps were made over a 5 kilometer boundary from the site’s location.

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site ng vegetation communities tion/usage

• Existing Transit Stops serve large existing population • Within walking distance to existing local transit stop • Existing Transit Stops serve large existing population • Stop incorporated onto Wentworth Line • Proposed CTA/Metra Stop to serve local community • Stop incorporated Median Household Income onto Wentworth Line • ProposedMap CTA/Metra Stop to serve local community LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE Chicago Population Density Legend • Existing Transit Stops serve large existing population VEGETATION WATER RUNOFF SCENARIO • Proposed CTA/Metra Stop to serve local community

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GR

!

40568 - 88683

ML

88684 - 144179

OR

144180 - 210942

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0 - 461

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462 - 1112

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1113 - 2170

RD

2171 - 5880

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210943 - 366040

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18,204 - 27,304

Dark Gray Canvas Base

27,305 - 36,406

45,508 - 54,609 54,610 - 63,710

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Goals: • Providing accessible routes forHighest pedestrians in/out and through site • Providing accessible routes for pedestrians in/out and through site • Incorporation of green space while improving vegetation connection • Incorporation of green space while improving vegetation connection Very high • Inclusion of gathering space and housing for surrounding community • Inclusion of gathering space and housing for surrounding community • Decrease stormwater runoff High • Decrease stormwater runoff

Median Household Income Map Green Space; Data source: Surface https://data.cityofchicago.org/ Impervious Map

Low

NDVI Map

NDVI Map

36,407 - 45,507

Impervious Surface Map 45,508 - 54,609 54,610 - 63,710 63,711 - 72,812

Racial Distribution Map

WATER RUNOFF Flood Susceptibility Map

Lowest

Incorporated Bus Station Map

Proposed Rail Stations Map

Average Rent Map

Goals: • Providing accessible routes for pedestrians in/out and through site • Incorporation of green space while improving vegetation Median connectionHousehold Income Map Median Household Map • Inclusion of gathering space and housing for Income surrounding community Flood Susceptibility Map runoff • Decrease stormwater

Proposed Rain Gardens

Propose

DESIGN INTERVENTION

Flow of Water

GREEN SPACE SCENARIO

Median Household Income Map

Green Roofs and Rain Gardens

As a result of local analyses and determined goals, this The site is shown to have high susceptibility for Inclusion of garden space along with gathering design intervention conceptual Within walkingwalking distance to existing local transit stop stop • Within distance to existing local transit • Existing Transit Stops serve existing population • Existing Stopslarge serve large existing population flooding toTransit occur.

The maps also ••suggest that space for the communities. Create green Stop onto Wentworth Line Line • incorporated Stop incorporated onto Wentworth • proposes Within awalking • Proposed CTA/Metra Stop toStop serve • Proposed CTA/Metra tolocal servecommunity local community plan series ofdistance to existing local transit stop • Existing Transit Stops serve large existing population there are high amounts of impervious surfacing connection between existing,Proposed adjacent parks.

Proposed Green Space Map Green Space Map • Stop incorporated onto Wentworth Line implementations that addresses • Rain Gardens in High Flooding Suscetible Areas • Proposed CTA/Metra Stop to serve local community • Rain Gardens in High Flooding Suscetible Areas on the site, thus leading to the high amounts • Street Side Buildings for Attractive Green Roofs and Mitigate Runoff off Streets • Street Side Buildings for Attractive Green Roofs and Mitigate Runoff off Streets the main issues of the site.

Average Rent Map • Green Roofs along Riverside to Prevent Runoff into River Racial Distribution Map Average Rent Map • Green Roofs along Riverside to Prevent Runoff into River Racial Distribution Mapthat occur, which of water runoff can lead to Proposed Green Green Space Space Map Map Proposed Impervious Surface Map Impervious Surface Map Incorporated green space is • Rain in HighinFlooding Suscetible Areas Areas • Gardens Rain Gardens High Flooding Suscetible • Street for Attractive Green Green Roofs and Mitigate Runoff Runoff off Streets contaminated water systems, as well as flooding • Side StreetBuildings Side Buildings for Attractive Roofs and Mitigate off Streets Average Rent Map • Green Roofs along to Prevent Runoff Runoff into River Average Rent Map • Green Roofs Riverside along Riverside to Prevent into River centralized within the design in Impermeable Surface Map Impermeable Surface Map Racial Racial Distribution Map Map Distribution damage. Adressing this issue would be in the best order to connect the existing interest of the community.

Impermeable SurfaceSurface Map Map Impermeable vegetation of the area, specifically Racial Distribution Map Roosevelt Park and Ping Tom • inclusion Create of Spaces to Integrate Local Communities to Prevent Monocultures Park. There is an Proposed Green Space Map • Spaces to be Inclusive for All Racial Distribution Map a transit station, bus stop, and Proposed Gathering Spaces Proposed Green Space Impermeability; Data source: https://www.usgs.gov/ Racial Distribution Map • Create Green Connectivity Between Existing Parks (Rooosevelt Park to Ping Tom Park) • Monocultures Create Green Connectivity Between Existing Parks (Rooosevelt Park to Ping Tom Park) • Create Spaces to Integrate Local Communities to Prevent •taxiCreate Green Connectivity Between Existing Parks (Rooosevelt Park to Ping Tom Park) • Create Spaces to Integrate Local Communities to Prevent Monocultures • Spaces to be Inclusive for All waterGreen stop to increase the Connectivity BetweenFloodExisting Parks (Rooosevelt Park to Ping Tom Park) • Spaces be Inclusive for All • Create Spaces toto Integrate Local TRANSPORTATION Communities to PreventSCENARIO Monocultures • Create Susceptibility Proposition Map POVERTY VS. GREEN SPACE • Create Spaces to Integrate Local Communities toProposed Prevent Monocultures Design Intervention: entry points of the site.

Roads • Create Green Green Connectivity Between Existing Parks Inclusive (Rooosevelt Park toPark Pingfor Park) • • Create Connectivity Between Existing Parks (Rooosevelt toTom Ping Tom Spaces to be AllPark) SpacesSpaces to Integrate Local Communities to Prevent Monocultures • Create to Integrate Local Communities to Prevent Monocultures • Spaces to be Inclusive for All Spaces to be Inclusive for All for All Racial DistributionAverage Map Rent Map •• Create • Spaces to be Inclusive run through the site for •easier • Minimizse Impermeable Surface THrough Green Space and Retention Minimizse Impermeable Surface THrough Green Space and Retention When compared each other, Proposed CTA/Metra stop in site to serve local LA 437 Regional Design Studioagainst | November 7, there 2022is|aChicago, IL vehicular access.

A proposed Proposed Scenarios: • Create Spaces to Integrate Local Communities to Prevent Monocultures correlation between poverty rate vs. green space, communities.

Provide easy, accessible entry/exit Members: Alex Alonso, Jessica Aguada, Erik Perez, Julian Ruiz • Minimizse Impermeable SurfaceSurface THrough Green Green Space Space and Retention retention pond is centered within • Minimizse Impermeable THrough and Retention • Spaces to be Inclusive for All as well as property value vs. green space. Areas points.

Utilize bus stop on Clark Incorporated Bus St. Station Map Proposed Design Intervention: Proposed Rail Stationsexisting Map Proposed Design Intervention: the design to help mitigate water Main Issues and Goals Addressed: with very little poverty rates contained more runoff along with green roof Issues: Proposed Design Intervention: • Lack of accessibility for pedestrians in/out and through site Intervention: Proposed Design Green Space Centralized within Design to connect green spaces than higher rates. Like wise, areas • Create Green Connectivity Between Green Space Centralized within Design to connect • Absence of green space and connectivity between existing vegetation Roosevelt Park and Ping Tom Park buildings.

An incorporation Roosevelt Park and Ping Tom Park • Create Spaces to Integrate Local Communities toofPrevent Monocultures • Need for spacial integration for the surrounding, existing communities with higher property values contained larger • Excess of stormwater runoff with lack of suitable destination/usage opportunitites is tailored Inclusion of Transit Stations for Railways, Transit, and • Spaces to be Inclusive forhousing All Inclusion of Transit Stations for Railways, Transit, and Green Green Space Space Centralized within Design togreen connect Centralized within to connect Waterways portions ofDesign space. This suggests that areas Bus Stop Waterways Bus Stop Goals: Roosevelt Park and Ping Park Roosevelt Park andTom Ping Tom Park to the surrounding community, • Providing accessible routes for pedestrians in/out and through site Road Road Proposed Retention Pond Within Center of Proposed withvegetation more monetary value contain more fuller • Incorporation of green space while improving connection Proposed Retention Pond Within Center of Proposed Intervention of housing Transit Stations for Railways, Transit,Transit, and and even those with lower monetary of Transit Stations forcommunity Railways, • Inclusion of gatheringInclusion spaceInclusion and for surrounding Intervention • Decrease stormwater Waterways runoff Waterways Bus Stop vegetated areas. Thus, creating an area that is not Bus Stop incomes. The resulting proposal Incorporation of Housing Opportunities Tailored to Road Road Incorporation of Housing Opportunities Tailored to Median Household Income Map Proposed Retention Pond Within CenterCenter of Proposed Proposed Retention Pond Within Proposed income households Surrounding Community inaccessible toofFlood lower would Surrounding Community Proposed Retention Pond NDVI MapIntervention Susceptibility Map Intervention Proposed Retention Pond would serve as an asset to the ¯ ¯ be beneficial to the inclusion of all people.

LEGEND LEGEND Incorporation of Housing Opportunities TailoredTailored to Incorporation of Housing Opportunities to communities of Chicago.

Poverty Rate vs. Green Space; Data source: US Census Incorporation of Bus Stop Inclusion of Rail Stop Surrounding Community • Within walking distance to existing local transit stop Surrounding Community Neighborhood Boundary

MedianMedian Household IncomeIncome Map Map Household

NDVI Map NDVI Map

Very low

Issues: • Lack of accessibility for pedestrians in/out and through site • Absence of green space and connectivity between existing vegetation • Need for spacial integration for the surrounding, existing communities • Excess of stormwater runoff with lack of suitable destination/usage

Flood Susceptibility Map Map Flood Susceptibility

NDVI Map

Chicago Streets

Racial Distribution Map

Flood Susceptibility Map

Average Rent Map

Dark Gray Canvas Base

• Within walking distance to existing local transit stop • Existing Transit Stops serve large existing population • Within walking distance to existing local transit stop • Existing Transit Stops serve large existing population • Stop incorporated onto Wentworth Line • Proposed CTA/Metra Stop to serve local community • Within walking distance to existing local transit stop • Stop incorporated Wentworth Line Stops serve large existingonto population • Proposed CTA/Metra Stop to serve local community • Existing Transit • Stop incorporated onto Wentworth Line • Proposed CTA/Metra Stop to serve local community

Proposed Green Space Map

Chicago River

Racial Distribution Map

Impervious Surface Map

• Rain Gardens in High Flooding Suscetible Areas • Street Side Buildings for Attractive Green Roofs and Mitigate Runoff off Streets • Green Roofs along Riverside to Prevent Runoff into River

Average Rent Map

Impermeable Surface Map

Impervious SurfaceSurface Map Map Impervious

Racial Distribution Map

• Create Spaces to Integrate Local Communities to Prevent Monocultures • Spaces to be Inclusive for All

Flood Susceptibility; Data source: CMAP Racial Racial Distribution Map Map Distribution

• Create Green Connectivity Between Existing Parks (Rooosevelt Park to Ping Tom Park)

• Minimizse Impermeable Surface THrough Green Space and Retention

Module 4: Scaling Down to the Local | Synthetic Analysis

Road

Racial Distribution Map

Green Space Centralized within Design to connect Roosevelt Park and Ping Tom Park

Inclusion of Transit Stations for Railways, Transit, and Waterways

Racial Distribution Map

Road

40568 - 88683

1.4 Miles

GREENERY

!

GR

1.05

Flood Susceptibility Proposition Map

Proposed Retention Pond

Site Boundary

Goals:Goals: Neighborhood Boundary • Providing accessible routes routes for pedestrians in/out and through site site • Providing accessible for pedestrians in/out and through CTA L Stop Stations Rail Line Alights Distribution Chicago Streets • Incorporation of green while improving vegetation connection • Incorporation of space green space while improving vegetation connection Average Monthly Ridership Average Dismounts • Inclusion of gathering space space and housing for surrounding community • Inclusion of gathering and housing for surrounding community Dark Gray Canvas Base ( !

0 - 40567 0 - 9,101 • Decrease stormwater runoff runoff • Decrease stormwater

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LEGEND

• Need spacial integration for the for surrounding, existingexisting communities • for Need for spacial integration the surrounding, communities Legend • Excess of stormwater runoff with lack oflack suitable destination/usage • Excess of !(stormwater runoff with of suitable destination/usage Green Space

Legend

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1.4 Miles

Developed Green Space

1.05

Vegetation

0.7

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Affordable Housing

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Commercial Use Buildings

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63,711 - 72,812

Mixed Use Buildings

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Lowest

9,102 - 18,203

Landmark Destination

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0 - 9,101

36,407 - 45,507

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Chicago Streets

Impermeable Surface Map

Module 4: Scaling the |Local | Synthetic Analysis Module 4: Scaling Down Down to the to Local Synthetic Analysis Module Module4:4:Scaling ScalingDown Downtotothe theLocal Local| |Synthetic SyntheticAnalysis Analysis CTA Rail Lines

Legend

Flood Susceptibility Proposition Map

CTA L Stop Stations

• Minimizse Impermeable Surface THrough Green Space and Retention

Flood Susceptibility Proposition Map The NDVI map suggests there is existing Rain gardens in high flooding susceptible areas.

Flood Susceptibility Proposition Map Dark Gray Canvas Base vegetation on the site, however, it is mostly unruly • Within walking distance to existing Street side buildings for attractive greens roofs • Existing Transit Stops serve large existing population !

Flood Susceptibility Proposition Map Map Flood Susceptibility Proposition !! vegetation that has grown from long7, periods of no Chicago River ! and to mitigate runoff from streets and river.

• Stop incorporated onto Wentworth LA 437 Regional Design Studio | November 2022 | Chicago, IL LA 437 Regional Design Studio | November 7, 2022 | Chicago, IL • Proposed CTA/Metra Stop to serve local community !

Proposed Green Space Map Proposed Scenarios: disturbance. There exists multiple parks surround Proposed Scenarios: Proposed Green Space Map Alex Alonso, Jessica Aguada, Erik Ruiz Perez, Julian Ruiz Members: AlexMembers: Alonso, Jessica Aguada, Erik Perez, Julian !

Average Rent Map Incorporated Bus Station Map the site, and 2 thatRacial border it, Ping Tom Park and Proposed Rail Stations Map Incorporated Bus Station Map LALA 437 Regional Design Studio | November 7, 2022 | Chicago, IL IL Issues and Distribution Map 437 Regional Design Studio | November 7, 2022 | Chicago, Proposed Rail Stations Map Goals Addressed:Proposed Module 4: inScaling Down to the Local | Synthetic Analysis hrough site Main Issues andMain Goals Addressed: Scenarios: Proposed Scenarios: Roosevelt Park that is 30 feet above elevation of Impervious MapIssues: Members: AlexAlex Alonso, Jessica Aguada, ErikErik Perez, Julian RuizRuizSurface Members: Alonso, Jessica Aguada, Perez, Julian LA 437 Regional Design Studio |Map November 7, 2022 | Chicago, IL n connection Issues: Incorporated Bus Station • Lack of accessibility for pedestrians in/out and throughProposed site Proposed Incorporated Bus Station Map Proposed Scenarios: Rail Stations Map these through Rail Stations Map green spaces • Lack of accessibility for pedestrians in/out and through site the site. Connecting Average Rent Map • Absence of green space and connectivity between existing vegetation Main Issues andand Goals Addressed: Members: Alex Alonso, Jessica Aguada, Erik Perez, Julian Ruiz Main Issues Goals Addressed: • Absence of green space and connectivity between existing vegetation Racial Distribution Map g community • Need for spacial integration for the surrounding, existing communities Average Rent Map • Need for spacial integration for the surrounding, existing communities cultivated green corridors can create a flowing Racial Distribution Map • Excess of stormwater runoff with lack of suitable destination/usage Main Issues and Goals Addressed: • Excess of stormwater runoff with lack of suitable destination/usage Issues:Issues: • Lack accessibility for pedestrians in/out and through site site • ofLack of accessibility for pedestrians in/out and through Legendgreenway for people and wildlife.

• Absence of green and connectivity between existingexisting vegetation • Absence of space green space and connectivity between vegetation Goals:

!

Bus Stop

Road

Proposed Retention Pond Within Center of Proposed Intervention

GREENERY

Incorporation of Housing Opportunities Tailored to Surrounding Community

Proposed Retention Pond

Bus Stop

LEGEND

Developed Green Space

Railroad Transportation Map

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GREENERY

GREENERY

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Chicago Population Density

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Property Value vs. Green Space; Data source: US Census

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Highest

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Green Space

Proposed Retention Pond Pond Proposed Retention Neighborhood Boundary

Legend

Site Boundary Metra Lines

Metra Stations

38

Average Boardings

CTA Rail Lines BL

BR

GR ML

CTA L Stop Stations

Rail Line Alights Distribution

Average Monthly Ridership

Average Dismounts

( !

0 - 40567

!

40568 - 88683

!

88684 - 144179

OR

! 144180 - 210942

! (

0 - 461

PK

!

462 - 1112

PR

!

!

1113 - 2170

RD

!

2171 - 5880

YL

210943 - 366040

0 - 9,101

Chicago Streets

Dark Gray Canvas Base

High Low

Very low Lowest

• Existing Transit Stops serve large existing population • Proposed CTA/Metra Stop to serve local community

Neighborhood Boundary

9,102 - 18,203

Chicago Streets

18,204 - 27,304

Dark Gray Canvas Base

27,305 - 36,406 36,407 - 45,507 45,508 - 54,609

Railroad Transportation Map Bus Transportation Map ! !

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Developed Green Green Space Space Developed Chicago Green Space

Chicago Green Space

Developed Green Space

54,610 - 63,710

Bus Transportation Map ! !

Developed Green Space

LEGEND LEGEND

63,711 - 72,812

Railroad Transportation Map

Landmark Destination

• Stop incorporated onto Wentworth Line

Chicago Population Density

Chicago Population Density

Proposed Green Space Map

Proposed Design Intervention: Green Space Centralized within Design to connect Roosevelt Park and Ping Tom Park

Road

Road

Vegetation

Proposed Transit Stations

Vegetation

Proposed Transit Stations

39

GREENING THE 78

ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS ANALYSIS

ACCESSIBILITY GOALS ANALYSIS

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

Pollution Sources

Eneyda Salcedo, Kevin Miller, Levi Slater, Long Lin In this module, our group collaborated and analyzed our main goals for our future vision of the neighborhood. Several issues were narrowed down with their own goal. For each goal, we produced analysis maps to help guide us in strengthening our argument for design goals. After thorough analysis, we developed a schematic plan on the effects of our design at a site scale and regional scale. The plan was then formatted into three potential scenarios on the future impact of our design.

Flood Susceptibility at 10x10 km

Pollution Sources at 10x10 km

Imperviousness at 5x5 km

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index at 5x5 km

Public Bus Transit at 10x10 km

Public Train Transit at 10x10 km

Road Safety at 5x5 km

Green Spaces at 5x5 km

Fresh Food at 5x5 km

Land Use at 5x5 km

Landmarks at 5x5 km

CONNECTIVITY GOALS ANALYSIS

ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS - To preserve and enrich the existing ecosystem of the vacancy - To reduce the site’s susceptibility to flooding - To reduce rate of pollutants going into the river

ACCESSIBILITY GOALS - To increase route safety for pedestrians and bikers - To create access points from different directions for multimodal transportation - To increase access to fresh food resources

CONNECTIVITY GOALS - To create a ribbon between cultural landmarks - To build with context of surrounding land uses - To reconnect disrupted strips of zoning

40

Tree Canopy at 5x5 km

Zoning

41

SOCIAL EQUITY GOALS ANALYSIS

SCENARIO 1 RESILIENT ECOLOGICAL SPACE

Crime Rate at 5x5 km

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

SCHEMATIC PLAN

- Issue of nearby pollution sources from industrial areas as well as overall lack of tree canopy and vegetation - Implementation of permeable pavements increases amount of water infiltration and reduces urban flooding caused by runoff - Implementation of bioswales, pollutant filtering plants, and a robust native planting plan - Improvement of tree canopy, NDVI values, flooding susceptibility, and pollutant concentrations in both the air and water - Encourage more diverse wildlife to enter the site.

- Implement both green roofs and water harvesting devices to reduce the water load for buildings - Reduce runoff from buildings and add additional greenery

SCENARIO 2 RESILIENT ECOLOGICAL SPACE

Affordable Housing at 5x5 km Racial Dot Density at 10x10 km

- Issue of site not connecting to its surroundings and serves no current purpose - Provide a convenient and safe place to live or work - Connect to historic and well-established neighborhoods, historic landmarks, and an array of greenspaces - Development of green infrastructure reduces ecological impact and provides adequate access to maintain a healthy neighborhood for everyone - Addition public transit stops provides quick access to downtown - Development of riverwalk extension - Prioritize pedestrian and bike paths with routes to grocery stores and pharmacies to provide access to affordable means of living - Connection of bike lanes to the city’s bike lane system

Regional Scale Schematic Plan

SOCIAL EQUITY GOALS - To design an inclusive space for surrounding communities - To reverse the role of gentrification to avoid displacement - To reduce the crime rate within the surrounding communities

SCENARIO 2 RESILIENT ECOLOGICAL SPACE

RACIAL DISTRIBUTION Our site for the new neighborhood is surrounded by a multitiude of different culture and races. South of the site is Chinatown with most of the race population being Asian. West of of the site contains neighborhoods such as Little Italy and Pilsen where the population is predominantly made up of Hispanics. As you continue to move further south and west, the population is mainly Black. The North side is predominantly White population.

42

Household Income at 5x5 km

- Successful neighborhood needs to be safe and fair to its residents - Balanced multi-use buildings can provide both affordable housing and a variety of different job opportunities for different levels of income - Development of flexible outdoor spaces to be conscious of how different cultures use outdoor spaces and have them be more welcoming - More eyes means more safety by maintaining sight lines - Activate the spaces with programming and events to encourage higher rates of use

Local Scale Schematic Plan

43

THE FLUX 78 CHICAGO

ANALYTICAL MAP

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

Momoko Omori, Anne Tong

ISSUES

Legend LULC_5k1.tif NLCD_Land Open Water

Chicago has been facing many environmental issues such as air/water pollution, heat island effect, habitat loss, extreme weather, due to on-going urban developments, human activities and climate change.

GOALS

Developed, Open Space Developed, Low Intensity Developed, Medium Intensity Developed, High Intensity Barren Land

Legend

Deciduous Forest

Habitat Quality

Mixed Forest

0

Shrub/Scrub

0 - 0.6

Herbaceous

0

2

Legend

0.6 - 1

Hay/Pasture 0

4 Km

0.75

1.5

Waterway

3 km

Green Spaces

HABITAT QUALITY

Land-use / Land-cover Map

Green Community

Waterway

Runoff Treatment Community

Enviornmental Sensitivity

Water Infiltration Zone

Low

Green Sprawl

Moderate

- Improve water quality by cutting down the amount of nutrients from human activities and resources to flow into the waterways

Blue Corridor

High

Green Corridor

Very High

High Environment Sensitivity

Extreme 0

boundary_10k Nitrogen export Legend

kg/year 0-1

Water Runoff

1.1 - 3

inch 1.1 - 1.7

3.1 - 6.9

- Mitigate the heat island effect and improve the community’s resilience to heat waves

1.8 - 2.6

7 - 8.3

2.7 - 3.4

8.4 - 9.7

3.5 - 3.7

9.8 - 11

3.8 - 4.4 4.5 - 4.7

0

- Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from city

0.75

1.5

3 km

0

0.75

1.5

3 km

FLOOD

WATER QUALITY

0.75

1.5

Site Boundary

3 km

ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY MAP

Legend

-Minimize the flooding issue and establish sustainable stormwater management

PROCESS DIAGRAM

Riverbank Corridor

Legend

- Strengthen the habitat through sustainable development and appropriate management of natural resources and enhance biodiversity

Regional Analysis

This environmental sensitivity map illustrates the overlay result of five InVEST model outcomes. Each index is given a different weight value: Habitat Quality--25%, Nutrient Delivery--15%, Urban Flood--30%, Urban Cooling--10%, and Carbon Storage--20%, . Based on the result, we develop our design ideas based on two major topics within the City of Chicago, water and green spaces.

By proposing blue and green corridors, the design is aimed to improve natural and ecosystem services as well as human health and wellness.

0

0.5

SCHEMATIC PLAN Temperature

2022 Jan

N 2 km

Precipitation

26.11°C 28.02°C -1.89°C

1

4.44 inch/mo

4.37 inch/mo

-0.01°C

2050 Jan

2022 July

(USGS)

2050 July

2022 May

(USGS)

Extreme Weather

2050 May

(USGS)

Population

×2

Site-scale Analysis

9 millions

12 millions

Issues and Goals

Flooding

CO2

Heat Island

Habitat Quality

Carbon Storage and Sequestration Model

Urban Cooling Model

Habitat Quality Model

Nutrient Delivery Ratio Model Waterway

ArcGIS

Carbon Storage

Schematic Plan 0

Impact Assessment

HEAT ISLAND

0.36

0.24 - 0.26

0.37 - 3.8

0.27 - 0.29

3.9 - 5

0.3 - 0.42

5.1 - 6.1

0.43 - 0.68

6.2 - 9.3

0.69 - 0.88

9.4 - 23

0.75

1.5

0

3 km

CARBON STORAGE

0.75

1.5

GHG

EMIS

VEGETATION

SION

S

Energy Consumption

12 tons

increase 10% green space

ITY

IVERS

BIOD

decrease 50%

2022

3 km

(CNT)

DESIGN GOAL DIAGRAM

2050

(Cheatsheat)

Carbon Emission

Mg C

0.21 - 0.23

2022

70%

ECOSYSTEM

Legend

C

Environmental Suitability Map

N

WATER

Legend

2050

(UNDRR)

RATIO

Green Spaces impacts on Temperature

44

2022

INFILT

InVEST

Flood Risk Mitigation Model

Storage: 10% Reuse: 25%

OFF

RUN

Water Quality

16 tons

2050

620 BTU

2022

900 BTU

2050

(US Energy information Administration)

SCENARIOS 45

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

MODULE 5 Performing Systemic Design Date: Nov 7 - Dec 16

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47

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

Chicago 78th Neighborhood

DESIGN STRATEGY

Another aspect we wanted to focus on was walkability.

Currently, these is a 30 foot difference in height between our site and the major road nearby (Roosevelt Road). This causes major problems with Chicago residents as they are forced to walk great distances to get to the site or the surrounding areas. There is currently no direct route to the site. To fix this, our site incorperates many different ways to travel between these heigh differences including a new road network running through the site, a portion of the green walkway acting as a street-level entrance, and a building that will allow for direct entrance at street level and at site level. These measures will help to increase the walkability of our site and overall make a better user experience.

Emma Quiroa, Jose Hernandez, Austin Schiff, Rabang Philips Our concept for this design was based on many different factors, but mainly was focused on ways to solve the four major issues we highlighted earlier: connectivity, land use, ecology, and pollution. We created a hybrid site that incorperated both skyscrapers as well as large areas of greenspace. Based on the surrounding context of the site, we wanted to be able to connect the 78th Neighborhood with the rest of Chicago as a whole, focuing mainly on transportation lines (CTA), green cooridors, and the riverwalk. By ensuring we have connections through all three of these facilities, we can ensure that we help increase the overall connectivity of the city and the site.

Site Plan

New Walkability

!

!

Through this conceptual design, we included widespread greenroofs as well as a continuous green walk connecting different shorter buildings via connecting greenroofs. This inclusion of greenroofs will help to balance out the use of hardscape with permeable and green surfaces, increasing the greenery and land use of our site.

!

!

!

!

Legend !

NEW ENTRANCES Roads Site Boundary Waterways Illinois Railroads 5

300

48

150

0

300 Meters

10

Perspective 2 Scenario 3

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SOCIETY Our site also island cutouts from the river. These islands are planted with different species that are known for their phytoremediation qualities and will help to filter different toxins out of the water as it passes through the different garden beds and slopes. This will help to decrease water pollution in the river, a problem that is in dire need of attention. To further mitigate pollution and the 78th Neightborhood’s carbon footprint, we create a geothermal system for heating and cooling of our buildings. Not only will this decrease the overall carbon footprint of the site, but will also save 30-70% of the cost of heating and 20-50% of the cost of cooling.

SITE AXON

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE Prototype 1 - Islands

Section 1 - Islands

Prototype 2 - Green Walk

Section 2 - Green Walk

Prototype 3 - Plaza

Section 3 - Plaza

Overall, our design focuses on a few of the major problems Chicago faces today and would be a innovative, irreplaceble addition to the every growing city of Chicago.

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51

THE NEW 78TH

ISSUES

REGIONAL ANALYSIS

CONTEXT DIAGRAM

Kylie Forman, Grace Burkard, Feng Deng, Sean Kang The New 78th proposes to create a new neighborhood in Chicago that acts as an extension of the Loop with an ecological focus.

Prarie, wetland and forests provide ecological benefits to the area as well as a backdrop for new business and retail opportunities. Buildings on the site are mixed use and generate wind and solar energy to offset the carbon footprint generated by the neighborhood. The neighborhood is fully integrated into Chicago’s public transportation system and expands it with new bus and water taxi stops, as well as a being a fully walkable and bikeable community.

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

CURRENT CONDITIONS High Business Density Green Spaces River Walk

Roosevelt Street has very little

Chicago Air Pollution (Source EPA)

River Walk Expanded to En�re River

Proposed Green Connec�on

Proposed Walk/Bike Connec�ons

CONCEPT PLAN The Metra rail yard is visible from the site, and creates air pollution.

CONCEPT DIAGRAM Business/Office

Water Taxi Stop

Bus Stop

Residen�al/Mixed Use Wetland Meadow

Green Roof Connects Roosevelt and Site

Forest Complete Streets (Vehicle) Bike/Pedestrian

Chicago NDVI Analysis (Source USGS)

There is a height difference from the top of Roosevelt Street to the site.

Ampitheater

Berm Over Train

Site Aerial

52

The edge condition of the Chicago River is poor.

Chicago Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Source EPA)

53

SECTIONS AND PERSPECTIVES

SITE GOALS

To amplify the vegetation of the surrounding streets by increasing tree canopy.

87 trees added to roadways 101,471.1 lbs of carbon per year

To decrease air pollution from the railyard across the river by sequestering carbon.

Trees -102,600 lb carbon/year Wetland - 325,000 lb carbon/year Meadow- 8,300 lb/year

To connect the site to surrounding areas by way of multi-modal transportation.

New redline station 2 new bus stops Expanded bike and pedestrian pathways

To make the waterfront accessible by creating an interactive riverwalk.

River Walk= 40,475 sq ft West Side= 94,675 sq ft Retention Ponds= 135,170 sq ft

To improve the quality of green space by planting biologically diverse plants.

Wetland -1,623 total ha - $5.1 million ESV Meadow - 1,967 total ha - $4.1 million ESV Forest - 1,623 total ha - $4.8 million ESV Turf Grass - 1 total ha - $1 million ESV Total - $18 million ESV

Amphitheatre Section

River Walk Perspective Train Park Section

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

CARBON EMISSIONS AND STORAGE According to the Chicago GHG Inventory, buildings make up a large portion of greenhouse gas emissions within the city of Chicago. In order to offset the carbon cost of buildings on our site, they are outfitted with solar panels, internal wind turbines, and green roofs/walls. On road transportation contributes a large amount to emissions, so the design limits car accessibility.

89,675 sqft total building Wind=1,580,000 lb/year Solar=1,300,000 lb/year Green roofs =150 lb/year =2,880,150 lb per year saved Green Roof Building

54

55

Chicago’s 78th Neighborhood Jessica Aguada, Alex Alonso, Erik Perez, Julian Ruiz

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

CURRENT CONDITIONS

Concept Map

The current site is an unutilized open plot that only has one currently constructed street running along the western side of the site. The entirety of the site consists of roughly 2,578,407 sq ft. The site is very flat and has little to no topographic changes.

Our design places a priority on increasing the usable green space in the area while also increasing the connectivity to the surounding area. By increasing greenspace we hope to add new methods of mitigation the stormwater runoff created by the site. In addition to this new connections to the site will be created to allow easier access to the area. These will be focused on both pedestrians and vehicles.

However, the design will primarily aim to create a pedestrian focused site that aims to eliminate the reliance on vehicles to navigate the area.

GOALS

Module #5: Proposed Site Concept Map

Provide accessible routes for pedestrians in/out and throughout site. Allow acces for vehicles, but focus on a pedestrian centric design

Residential Area

Bus Stop

Train Station Northern View from the Site

Mix-Use Buildings

Businesses

Green Space

Housing

Site Features Include:

Green Space

Water Transport

Green Spaces mimic neighborhood parks seen across the east side of the site, with a central public park for both locals and visitors of the area.

Business buildings brings in more visitors in the area, as well as brings in essential businesses not currently within the immediate area.

Current “Green” space

Incorporation of green space while improving vegetation connection Include gathering spaces and housing for surrounding communities. Ensure every individual can utilize the space Decrease stormwater runoff, by creating greenspaces that focus on generating pervious pavement and raingardens

Affordable housing is located within the middle of the site allowing most residents close proximity to all features proposed.

Context Map

CONCEPT

Chicago River Bordering our Site

CULTURE

The original concept of our design had the greenspace be the central driving force behind the entire design. However, as this is an urban development it is important that it can generate profit.

Therefore, most of the site will be mixed use. Commercial, residential, and office spaces will be available in the new neighborhood. and it will also serve as a center for transportation.

The 78th Neighborhood development is located in between three completely different type of areas. To the north there is a mixed use development that is a popular shopping area. To the East there is a relitively wealthy residential area. To south is Ping Tom Park and Chinatown.

CONTEXT

Source or Figure title

Legend Metra Station

Site Boundary

56

Currently Constructed Road

Main Road Train Route Boat Route

Sources: Esri, HERE, Garmin, Intermap, increment P Corp., Green Space Trail Water Transport GEBCO, USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri ChinaSpace (Hong Kong), (c) Green Bus Stop OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community

The site is located south of downtown and directly north of Chinatown. This makes the site an important middle ground between two important cultural areas in Chicago. Additionally it is also an intersection for several rail lines. This means that our site must not interfere with the flow that already exists.

57

PLAN

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

MASTER PLAN

The design focuses on enhancing the experience for pedestrians rather than vehicles. Drivers will find few roads that go through the site.This creates pedestrian priority. Increasing the green spaces in the site help reinforce this. Areas like the river walk, retention pond, and elevated nature walk create a new experience for pedestrians. In addition to this, 11,742,608 square feet of new buildings will be constructed to support living in the site. Around 650,000 square feet of these buildings will serve as green roofs to assist in the mediation of stormwater runoff. Solar panels will also be place on these roofs tho help push the area towards using clean renewable energyThe site will serve as a mixed use development with residential, commercial, and business use in addition to the environmental purpose.

Train Platform Plazas

Commercial Center

Green Ramp

Residential Area

Retention Pond

L

ANALYSIS

Our analysis foucused on connection, green space, and rain water. The goal of these analysis were to determine the effect that our designs could have on the site. Using a variety of different green space method we wanted to increase green space connections and storm water runoff. The design creates a few different acces points to the site and decreases stormwater runoff by 20 percent.

PERSPECTIVES

Our perspectives were vital to give viewers context as to what our design is meant to look like. In perspectives one and three we can see an overview of what the north central area of the neighborhood is meant to look like. You can also see the way that we have connected our site to Roosevelt Rd. Perspective two shows us how pedestrians can navigate around the retention pond by using any of the paths that are readily available for use. We also see the potential for recreational activities in the site. Finally perspecte four shows us more detail on the green ramp that connects our site to Roosevelt Rd. Pedestrians can be seen easily navigating the area alongside vehicular traffic.

Elevated Pedestrian Nature Walk

N

Perspective 1

Perspective 2

Perspective 3

Perspective 4

Green Roofs Transportation Center

Winding Ramps

Ping Tom Park

SCALE: 1” = 200’

SECTION

This section is meant to showcase the experience of visiting the port on our site. the port would serve as a water taxi stop and it would allow visitors to travel along the river into downtown or further south. The stop is also directly connected to the new riverwalk. the riverwalk itself would be at a slightly higher elevation and steps and rams would be rquired to reach the dock.

Green Roofs: Holds 1,302,916 gallons

Water Taxi Stops

Retention Pond: Holds 6,020,000 gallons

Existing Average Annual Surface Runoff: Q= C x I x A 31126.3339 gallons/minute

Bus Stop

Proposed Average Annual Runoff: 31126.3339 gallons/minute - 804.8552 gallons/minute (Retention Pond) - 5212.7472 gallons/minute (Green Roofs)

Water Taxi Stop Train Station

= 25108.7317 gallons/minute 20% Reduction

Pedestrian Entry/Exit Points Vehicular Entry/Exit Points 5 min walk to Roosevelt Station 10 min drive from Roosevelet Rd to Lower Elevation of site (30 mph)

Transportation Analysis

58

Stormwater Runoff Analysis

Green Connection Analysis

59

GREENING THE 78

SITE PHOTOS

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN STRATEGIES

River Edge

- 630,000 sq. ft or around 15 acres of greenspace drain through bioremediation bioswales which slow down water and filter pollutants - ½” rain event collects 20,000 gallons of water - 20% tree canopy density well above existing amount - 530,700 sq. ft tree canopy or around 1000 large trees planted - 11,420,600 lbs. C02 sequestrated over 40 years - 3 Acres of green roof reduce heating and cooling cost as well as emissions

Eneyda Salcedo, Kevin Miller, Levi Slater, Long Lin Our previous thorough analysis on the site as well as the surrounding context of it helped guide us in our design strategies. Greening the 78 serves as a model for new development of neighborhoods to be inclusive of communities and allow them to equally have access to green spaces. Nonetheless, this new development will expand towards becoming a green ribbon for more green spaces in Chicago. It will be accessible to several communities of different income and cultural backgrounds to unify a once segregated city. The implementation of green infrastructure in this development will allow for a sustainable future.

Lifted Bridge

Elevation Difference

Road Development

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

SITE SCALE PLAN

SCHEMATIC DESIGN ACCESSIBILITY & CONNECTIVITY DESIGN STRATEGIES - 4 new vehicular entrances - 11 Pedestrian entrances - 3 dedicated bike lane entrances - 2 pedestrian paths directly connected to outside food and sustenance - 3200 linear feet of store front for new restaurants, grocery stores, pharmacies, etc.

- 6000 linear feet of waterfront access that will eventually connected to the downtown riverwalk - Almost 30 acres of public green space

SOCIAL EQUITY & SAFETY DESIGN STRATEGIES Conceptual Site Plan

Contextual Regional Map

- 5 large multiuse Highrise complexes with varying levels of affordability - 1,440 affordable housing units at 1000 sq. Ft each - 630 medium income units at 1500 sq. Ft each - 96 upper income units at 2000 sq. Ft each - Equal access to green roof and building amenities - 54 residential Multifamily housing units - Each unit has access to greenspace that is more private compared to surrounding public space - 30 Acres of flexible green space can be used for multiple purposes by multiple cultures - Designs inspired by neighboring cultural parks - Connected by greenways and pedestrian bridges

DESIGN INSPIRATION

Stair and Ramp Combination

60

Private Residential Green Spaces

Elevate Park Bridge

Green Roof Planting

61

DESIGN PROTOTYPES

PERSPECTIVES

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

NATURALIZED RIVERWALK This perspective provides a view of the river front edge towards the site. The vegetated conditions for the river edge are shown as well as the function of the park itself.

Residents and visitors will have the opportunity to enjoy the scenery along this river walk along with the addition of a water taxi stop.

Residential Green Spaces

Public Green Space

Road Safety

SECTIONS In section A-A, the conditions for the smaller river channel are shown as well as the treatment of the river front. On the left side where the park will be located, the river front edge will be vegetated to allow for filtering of pollutants. The commercial strip will be able to have a small version of a river walk.

This section shows the conditions for the design of the elevated park. It also shows the way that the underground parking garage will function as a way to reduce vehicles on site. The park itself will be visible to the surrounding high-rises.

ELEVATED PARK

Section A-A NTS

62

Section B-B NTS

In this second perspective, a view of the elevated park is shown. This park will be accessible to all with the implementation of an ADA stair and ramp combination. Additionally, this park will provide additional green space to the neighborhood and function as a way of stormwater management.

63

THE 78 FLUX CHICAGO

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

This environmental sensitivity map illustrates the overlay result of five InVEST model outcomes. Each index is given a different weight value: Urban Flood--30%, Carbon Storage--20%, Habitat Quality--25%, Urban Cooling--10%, and Nutrient Delivery--15%.

Anne Tong, Momoko Omori With today’s dramatic rise in urbanization, the development of urban hydrological systems and natural geomorphology is often decoupled. This condition is presently one of the main causes driving the fact of increasing storm intensity and extended drought periods. The proposed 78 Flux Chicago project aims to address these concerns by researching how landscape infrastructures, ecological systems, and urban fabric respond to extreme circumstances. In order to accomplish the goal, the 78 Chicago community is identified as an opportunity to slow down surface runoff and storm surge influx into the Chicago River and to create a variety of wildlife habitats. The landform is generated by existing elevation changes along Roosevelt Road and the Metra line. Four wetland strips, a marshland, and a lagoon form a network that distributes and filters runoff from the city while also channeling and enhancing water-holding capacity. This urban form creates a variety of programs for human engagement with the environment. Also, it has great potential to be incorporated with local and educational programs and to be flexibly adapted by real estate developers.

64

DESIGN LAYERS

ENVIORNMENTAL SENSITIVITY MAP

SOLAR ENERGY

SCHEMATIC DESIGN DIAGRAM The Schematic design plan is represented in a 10x10km large neighborhood scale.

Two runoff treatment communities and a comprehensive riverbank corridor are proposed. Water infiltration zones are placed along the river. The green community is proposed on the urban community that is highly sensitive to ecological issues. A blue-green corridor was developed to create a network of healthy neighborhoods, green infrastructure, public trails, open spaces, recreational areas, and animal habitats.

Scenario 2

Scenario 3

65

MASTER PLAN

LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

SECTION A -- ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION

SECTION B -- LAGOON

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SECTION C -- SWALE

Source or Figure title

Source or Figure title

CULTURE

LANDSCAPE INFRASTRCTURE PROTOTYPE

SCENARIO1

SCENARIO1

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Typical Condition

Source or Figure title

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LA 437 REGIONAL DESIGN: TOWARD and BEYOND URBAN RESILIENCE

PERSPECTIVES

A NEW PARADIGM OF UBRAN COMMUNITY

IMPACT ACCESSMENT

Through the 78 Flux Chicago design proposal, we are able to store 2 million gallons of runoff, increase infiltration capacity by 70%, and reuse 25% of the runoff. We also created 16-acre wildlife habitats, add 30% green spaces, as well as plant more than 300 tree canopies. Together, the new 78 Flux Chicago community is able to sequester CO2 equivalent of 420 ha of temperate wetland. Besides that, the community creates 8000 households, thousands of job opportunities, etc. Overall, this urban form creates a variety of programs for human engagement with the environment. Also, it has great potential to be incorporated with local and educational programs and to be flexibly adapted by real estate developers.

Perspective 1

Source or Figure title

CULTURE

SCENARIO1

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Perspective 2

Source or Figure title

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69

E

70

N

D