MarchD Year II Portfolio

The Making Community A sustainable community living project

Prassana Venktesh Sriram 19129822 DS1

Contents

Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

Sustainable community, A Case study

The Lodge project The module

The Producing community Biophilia Modularity

1

Technical details

Atmospheric views

Module development

3D peel off

Water recycling

Structural detail

Sustainablility in the proposal

Looking at the site Site Plan Site analysis

Incrementality

Floor plans

Structural precedent Design for disassembly

Materiality

Circularity in the community

Site development

Atmospheric views

The brief

Module + site

Atmosphere section

Design for disassembly detail

Final proposal

4

5

6

End users

Strategic Definition

Module with orientation

2

Brief Preparation

3

Concept Design

Spatial Coordination

Techology Design

FCBS Carbon evaluation

Final Proposal

Sustainable community?

A timeline leading up to the concept of a Sustainable community/ eco-village

Industrial revolution The industrial revolution brought about mass production of goods & electricity which in turn burned fossils fuels and created dense cities with poor sanitation

Haphazard growth The 19th & 20th centuries brought about mass urbanization creating unsustainable living conditions such as the Kowloon walled city in Hong Kong

Garden city movement The garden city movement was started to capture the benefits of the countryside and the city environment while avoiding the disadvantages of both

Middle ages The middle ages had a system where production & consumption happened locally with most land covered by forests & agricultural lands

Polluted planet There is estimated to be around 5,25 million pieces of platic in the open ocean with 1 million animals & birds killed due to it

Modern Technology Technology such as Aeroponics has brought about more efficient ways of food production that use 90% less water

Vertical forests The 21st century brought about the concept of vertical city along with the ‘15 min city’ by providing all necessary amenities along with food production within a walkable radius

Council Housing What brings people together?

The Socialism and communism movements preached eqality and housing for all Sharing the same interest

Economically weaker section

War veterans

Trying to bring about change

Park Hill estate, Sheffield 1961 Based on Le Corbusier’s Unite d’Habitation it was designed to improve interaction between neighbours and develop a sense of community Reference : https://www.archdaily.com

Council house

Govt

Prefabricated structures

Green incorporation

Stirling prize winning contemporary Council housing in Norwich by James Turner

Non profits / private houseowners

Balance between urban & rural Housing estates

In same profession or sharing activities

Detached/ semi detached housing

Shared/ common greens

Communal facilities

Garden city movement A typical council house in the UK

Garden city movement Urban + Rural advantages

Self sustaining

Principles

Mental wellbeing

Green emphasis

Garden city movement Criticisms Increase in crime

Urban sprawl

Brondby Haven is a garden city concept outside Copenhagen, Denmark which is designed to increase social interaction

Illustration by Howard where ‘Self-sufficient’ garden cities would house 32,000 people designed in a concentric pattern with open public parks expanding from the centre. Once one garden city reached its full population, a new garden city would be developed nearby with a green belt dividing them.

These garden cities would envelope a larger central city with a ‘Central Buisness district’ that is larger in population connected by roadways and railway to facilitate public transportation.

Reference : https://www.britannica.com/topic/garden-city-urban-planning

Wasn’t able to remain affordable

Ebenezer Howard

Father of Garden city movement

Howard’s three magnets diagram that which addressed the question ‘Where will the people go?’, with the choices ‘Town’, ‘Country’ or ‘TownCountry’

The Letchworth garden city, the fist city to be designed with the principles of Howard is said to be one of the first iterations of a self sustaining community Reference : https://www.westonwilliamson.com/projects/letchworth-garden-city

Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

1

Strategic Definition

The Brief Symbiotic living community Themes : Spatial & cultural sustainability, wellbeing and the circular economy The brief across the year will be to explore alternate ways of living and working in community; how can we design to actively enhance our relationship with nature, leveraging its power to affect our emotional wellbeing, our social relations and sense of community, and our usage of scarce resources?

Rapid Design project 01 : The Lodge A place in nature where one can retreat from the normal, reconnect with nature and define a new wellbeing.

Main Design project 02 : Symbiotic community living Site : Witney, Oxfordshire Through studying the urban fabric, economic, social and environmental context of the town of Witney, the students are tasked to interrogate and determine the location for their “Symbiotic Community” of 100 people of mixed demographic.

Avenues of exploration include: Healthy living (both mental and physical), connection to nature, future modes of working, subsistence farming, shared resources, community living, housing and commercial facilities; it should be a response to the theoretical framework developed by the student.

Site : Headington Hill Hall, Oxford Brookes Univesity, Oxford, UK

Reference : Year 2 briefs, Oxford Brookes University

Basic needs of Human Beings

Basic needs of modern Human beings Water

Water Shelter

Air Electricity

Protection

Food

Warmth

Basic needs of Human Beings

Fresh Air

Shelter

Relationships

Transportation

Food

Basic needs issues at community level 50%

40%

of our usable land for producing food

of food in the UK is imported Empty shelves at supermarkets due to supply chain issues

reduction in social/ affordable housing

One of the highest heating costs in all of Europe

carbon footprint of UK construction industry

homeless in England

of food in the UK goes to waste

2.5 mil

3000

dont have access to green spaces in UK

kids die globally due to water borne diseases

Non regulation of water resources

39

million tonnes of raw sewage let into thames every year

45%

200,000

Poor quality housing

Food insecurity

33.33 %

12%

7% decline of urban green spaces in UK

Lack of green spaces

Areas with higher green spaces are likely to be 50% less polluted

14% of British rivers meet environmental standards

2 yrs

76% of current energy produced by fossil fuels

Non renewable production of energy

2060 is when we will run out of fossil fuels

0.3 deg of global warming caused by fossil fuels

overeliance on motorised vehicles

of our entire lifetime is spent in cars

51% of Carbon monoxide pollution due to cars

80%

of lung diseases are due to vehicle pollution

Source : gov.uk / un.org

Hydroponics

Wellbeing consideration

Aquaponics

Local markets

Recyclable building materials

Sustainable quality housing

Aeroponics

Meeting RIBA 2030 goals

Farm to table Mental wellbeing

Poor quality housing

Food insecurity Water to be used for cultivation

Private green Rainwater collection

Non regulation of water resources

Solution?

Lack of green spaces

Circular water usage

Integration of green spaces into built environment

Grey water treatment

Non renewable production of energy

Overeliance on motorised vehicles

Public green

15 min city

Local production of energy

Wind energy

Biomass

Solar panels on roofs

Polycentric city

All amenities in Neighbourhood

Pedestrian & cycle emphasis

Biophilia

Co-living as a solution

Sense of belonging

Civic engagement

Alternative to conventional housing

Co-living provides users with a sense of belonging as resources, tasks are shared leading to more inclusiveness

Engages users in activities of responsibility in the community leading to less dependence on external resources

Tackles issue of :

Tackles issue of :

Tackles issue of :

Overutilization of resources

Strain on municipal/ city resources

Housing crisis

Mental wellbeing

Physical & mental wellbeing

Provides an alternative to conventional housing by including people of all backgrounds irrespective of demographics

Pollution of construction sector

Image reference : https://www.pexels.com/

17 UN Sustainable Development goals

8 RIBA Sustainable outcomes

No poverty

How to achieve this in a housing community?

Zero Hunger Good health & wellbeing

Good health & wellbeing

Promote walking, cycling & integration of Biophilia

Quality education Gender equality Clean water & sanitation Affordable & clean energy Decent work & economic growth Industry, innovation & infrastructure

Sustainable water cycle Net zero operational carbon emissions

Water recycling & Rainwater storage Sharing of resources & renewable energy production onsite

Sustainable life cycle cost

Choose products that can be managed locally & failure proof models

Sustainable connectivity & transport

Promotion of walking, cycling & Electric vehicles

Reduced inequalities Sustainable cities & communities

Sustainable communities & social value

Responsible consumption & production

Net zero embodied carbon emission

Promotion of social interaction through architecture & providing common community goal/ focus Usage of locally available materials & Materials with low carbon footprint

Climate action Life below water Life on land

Sustainable land use and ecology

Peace, justice and strong instituition Partnership for the goals Reference : https://sdgs.un.org/goals

Reference : https://www.architecture.com/sustainable-development-goals-in-practice

Integration of existing site features & providing back more green space

Evolution of sustainable community concept

Sustainable community, A Case study

Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

1

Strategic Definition

2

Brief Preparation

Sustainable community, A Case study- Auroville

The green belt

old landscape

Aerial view of the centre of the community, the ‘Matri Mandir’

surrounding green belt

The green belt of Auroville was created to be a barrier for the city from the outer world and the negate the harsh weather of the region. The area covering 486 hectares is reserved for agriculture and forestry. Auroville’s research in water management, soil conservation, organic farming and seed collection is done in the green belt.

Creation of check dams

With the region being a naturally dry onw with low ground water levels, check dams have been created to increase ground water levels, reduce surface runoff and reduce soil erosion thus bringing back life to a once heavily cultivated land that had gotten barren.

Masterplan of Auroville, divided into different parts surrounded by a green belt

Established : 1968

Key Principles :

Location : Puducherry, India

• • • • • •

Population : 2,814 (20 countries) Size : 20 sq.km Architect : Roger Anger

Auroville belongs to no one A place of unending education A place of unending youth No concept of money, barter system Bridge between past & future Site of material & spirutual research

Reference : https://auroville.org/

The Architecture of Auroville

Solar bowl over community kitchen

Research & experimentation in renewable energy

Future energy goals :

A giant solar bowl of 15m diameter which produces enough steam to cook for 2000 people was made out of 11,000 reflective panels and mounted over the roof of the kitchen

Encourages usage of renewable energy in individual houses. large scale wind farms & solar farms are present to power public buildings

Decentralized waste management

Reduce dependence on electricty grid by increasing use of renewable energy. Planning of large scale wind farm in the community to be self reliant and build gasifier plants to draw energy from biomass

Food security The concept of farm to table is prevalent in the community with most of the required crops grown onsite. 940 hectares of land is dedicated for agriculture which is around 54% of the overall area and aims to allocate another 50 hectares for cultivation.

Workshops are conducted to spread awareness among the surrounding villages and organic farming practices are also taught.

The community has followed a decentralized waste management system with sewage & grey water treatment happening at building level with systems such as imhoff tanks, root zone and lagooning systems. recycling is imbibed into the community in all levels.

Building techniques such as rammed earth construction, madras terrace roofing are used along with usage of eco friendly and more sustainable materials such as adobe blocks, bamboo, cononut fibre and lime plaster. large number of architects have setup their practices in the area and conduct research in sustainable building techniques along with equvocating for usage of locally available, natural materials. .

Reference : https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/building-utopia-50-years-of-auroville

Evolution of sustainable community concept

Sustainable community, A Case study

Historical concepts

The Producing community

Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution

Biophilia Modularity Incrementality Circularity in the community

UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

1

Strategic Definition

2

Brief Preparation

The Producing community

Existing allotments abutting the site inform us that there is an existing interest in cultivation in the area which can be used towards the advantage of our proposal

Existing Interest in Allotments The concept of localized farm to table where the community produces, processes and consumes it thereby reducing dependence on external supply chains and also promoting local buisnesses

Cultivation on empty land

Cooking into eatables

Cultivation on roofs in greenhouses

Raw produce

Cattle rearing

Diary products

Empty land Local Market

The concept of local growth explored inbetween architecture where patches of land can be used for growth

The Producing community Aeroponics

Image Reference : freepik.co.uk

Growth in controlled conditions Compact farming - Maximum ouput in controlled conditions in minimum space

Roots freely suspended

Minimum usage of fertilizer Automated water dispensing system

Aeroponics is a system where plants are nourished with nothing more than nutrient-laden mist. The concept builds off that of hydroponic systems, in which the roots are held in a soilless growing medium over which nutrient-laden water is periodically pumped. Aeroponics simply dispenses with the growing medium, leaving the roots to dangle in the air, where they are periodically puffed by specially-designed misting devices.

Soil

Controlled usage of water resources

Water Harvest of produce to be sold locally

Reference : https://modernfarmer.com/2018/07/how-does-aeroponics-work/

Advantages

A modern Aeroponics system

Disadvantages

The roots are left exposed leading to faster growth

Require a bit of finesse to operate effectively

Extremely water efficient, using 95% less water than plants grown in regular soil

The nutrient concentration of the water must be maintained within precise parameters and even a slight malfunction of your equipment can cause the loss of a crop

Ability to grow large quantities of food in small spaces leading to growth in Urban areas cutting down on the environmental costs of getting food from field to plate

The misters need regular cleaning to keep them from becoming clogged by mineral deposits in the water

As Aeroponics systems are fully enclosed, there is no nutrient runoff

Aeroponic systems rely on electrical power to pump water through the tiny misting devices and electrical failure can lead to failure of crop

Biophilia - Living with and around Nature

Benefits of Biophilia Social

Environmental

• Increased welbeing • Enhanced stress relief and recovery • Increased community engagement • Decreased violence & crime • Increased healing rates • Increased food security

Economic

• Reduces urban heat island • Increased air quality • Reduced energy consumption • Carbon reduction • Noise attenuation • Enchanced water management

• Decreased water costs • Increased livability leading to higher density and reduced urban sprawl • Increased worker productivity • Deccreased energy prices • Increased property value • Extended building life

Principles of Biophilia

Natural

Sustainable

Healthy

Living with and around nature that not only is beneficial visually but also to the community in terms of usage of resources thus helping towards Mental wellbeing and also physical & communal wellbeing. Rainwater harvesting & grey water treatment to be used for irrigation, landscaping and personal usage of the community.

Nature in the space

Air Quality Visual connection with nature

Light

Applications

Non Visual connection with nature Thermal and airflow variability Presence of water Dynamic and diffused light

Natural analogues

Biomorphic forms and patterns Material connection with nature

Colours

Materiality

Complexity and order

Nature of space

Prospect Refuge Mystery

Source : Patterns of Biophilic design, Browning AL (2014)

Scent

Sound

Indoor greens

Balcony greens

Roof gardens

Courtyard spaces

Terraced greens

Communal greens

Reference : Google images

Multifunction Restaurant Exhibition Lab & education Greenhouse Service Vertical farming

Indoor to outdoor transition

Precedent project Thousand yards pavillion Studio Precht, Austria Integration of biophilia into building The 30.000sqm site which is to host an expo, is a assembly of modular building-blocks, that contain five main functions of the pavilion. Each block connects at the corners to its neighbors and offers a continuous space inside and one linked urban gardeningarea on the roof.

Communal green

Water channel

Cultivation space

Pedestrian Streets

Housing Source : https://www.precht.at/athousandyards/

Modularity & Incrementality Modularity is a design principle that subdivides a system into smaller parts or modules that can be independently created / modified/ replaced or exchanged with other modules.

Process of modular building

Design of modules Structure production

Fabrication in factory

Transportation of module

Cladding & hardware addded

Assembly & services

Advantages of Modularity Transportation to site

Onsite assembly

• Speed of construction thus faster return on investment • Fabrication is done in a controlled environment which ensures precision and less wastage • Ability to be used in remote locations where construction might not be possible • Low wastage due to factory fabrication and onsite assemblage • Environmentally friendly process • Flexibility of construction as it can be easily expanded or disbanded

The concept of modularity explored in a domestic setting with both living and working taking place in different levels

Single dwelling

Couple dwelling

Users have the option to move to a larger dwelling as time goes by

Precedent project The Urban village project Architect : Space10 Modular spaces designed to adapt to any size requirement thus catering to a large number of users/ possibilites. The system is designed to work in any place as the system is prefabricated to be assembled.

Small family dwelling

Large family/ shared dwelling

Building modules are prefabricated and brought into the site to be assembled Source : https://www.urbanvillageproject.com/

Metabolism

Incrementality Metabolism is a Japanese post war architectural movement that fused ideas about architectural megastructures with those of organic biological growth. Metabolically designed architecture is built around a spine-like infrastructure with prefabricated, replaceable cell-like parts—easily attached and readily removable when their lifespan is over.

Incrementality in architecture can be defined as a gradual step-by-step process whereby building components are appended or improved by owner-builders as funding, time, or materials become available. While the entire finishing of the buildings may be too costly for some users to undertake initially they can chose to leave some parts of it open/ not finished. As the urban population growth presses more and more on the cities and urban areas and rising land prices caused by exploding urban housing markets makes housing for the poor even more too expensive this method might be a solution to low cost or social housing.

Many national governments focus on promoting social housing, with more large-scale programs, where private builders and property developers realize ready-to-use subsidized projects with houses or apartments to sell to households.

The housing products are often too expensive for persons or households with low incomes, while rental properties often are missing or unaffordable. Thus this concept of incrementality sekks to be a solution for this crisis.

Post-war Archigram

Metabolism

The idea of incremental housing explored with modules where space can be increased upon an initially set framework to grow vertically/ horizontally.

Megastructures

Nagakin Capsule tower The Nagakin capsule tower is one of the most famous examples of the metabolist movement that has served as a starting point for many modular buildings across the globe.

Modularity The tower was designed by Kisho Kurawa and was completed in 1972. Containing two towers of 11 and 13 stories each, the entire building contains 140 such capsules attached to a central circulation and service core.

Reference : https://www.archdaily.com/

Social incremental housing in Iquitos, Peru

Reference : https://www.archdaily.com/architects-propose-120-incremental-social-houses-for-iquitos-peru

Circularity Circular design, in contrast to linear design, imagines a process of design, evaluation and future changes to the initial design that values the re-use of materials and materials which are suited for repeated reuse. The current culture of use and throw is not sustainable and thus the concept of circularity aims to break that and bring in the cycle of reuse/ recycle/ repurpose.

The different parts of a building that can be sperataed so that one cn be replaced in time of an issue / the entire whole to be dismantled

Material recycling

Design for disassembly

Facade/ Shell Structure Systems Partitions Interior objects

Reuse is part of waste prevention and separate components makes it easy for recycling

High quality products

High complexity

Long delay between implementation & results

Material passport Material Passport

A material passport is a document consisting of data describing defined characteristics of materials in products, which give them value for recovery, recycling and re-use.

Design for disassembly

Design for disassembly is a concept in which buildings and products are designed intentionally for material recovery, value retention, and meaningful next use.

Prolongs buildings lifespan thus contributing to waste prevention

High initial price discourages people for use

Selective demolition

Circular economy

The circular economy aspires to reduce waste and pollution by trying to reuse/ repurpose materials and designing products that can be repaired or repurposed.

Reference : https://www.unstudio.com/en/page/10284/health-and-architecture-in-the-home-and-office-circularity

Facilitates separation of materials at end of life thus increasing recycling

Storage of information & data for long periods

Decreases usage of new materials

Time consuming & expensive

Reference : https://www.archdaily.com/943366/a-guide-to-design-for-disassembly

Circularity in the community Similar to circularity in materials, the concept can be achieved in a community through production reuse & recycling. Envisioning a market as the centre of a community where production, processing and selling of food, goods & objects takes place that keeps the resources of the community within itself, promotes the concept of reuse and sustains itself as a whole.

Recycling

Marketplace

Collection

Production

Use, reuse, Repair

Design

A collage trying to represent a community that has its base as an agrarian society which processes the grown produce to be sold in a market

This collage tries to represent the different parts of a community that all ties down to a market which tries to hold up the concept of circularity in a community where goods are produced, sold, reused and resold

Evolution of sustainable community concept

Sustainable community, A Case study

Historical concepts

The Producing community

Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

Biophilia Modularity Incrementality Circularity in the community The brief End users

1

Strategic Definition

2

Brief Preparation

Processing into food

Sustainable materials

Modular construction

Encouraging rearing

Incremental spaces Encouraging cultivation

Housing

Food

Recycling Communal market

The making community

Community spaces

Public & private greens

Composting

Waste Biogas production

Shared resources

Rainwater harvesting

Pedestrian emphasis

Transport

Water

Addressing the 3 pillars of Sustainability

Energy

Social Grey water irrigation

tal

en nm

om

ic

viro En

Ec on

Water treatment

Solar powered roofs

Biogas production Micro hydro electric power generator

Cycling emphasis

Electric vehicle infrastructure

Market as the focus The market will act as the central point of the community binding together all the different parts of it and acting as the circular element of the whole by recycling modular building materials, food and goods within the community and to the greater Witney population.

Food grown in the community would be encouraged to be processed or cooked and sold in the market, local crafts such as blanket weaving of Witney would be encouraged in the community to be sold in the market.

Modular kit of parts

Assembly onsite

Pre-fabrication in factory

Design

Incremental spaces added

Renovation of interiors

ula rity Circ

ty ari dul

Cultivation on empty land

Mo

Replacable modular materials

Cooking into eatables

Incrementality

Community market Raw produce Local crafts & hobbyist objects Cultivation on roofs in greenhouses Diary products

Local community

Cattle rearing

Blanket weaving in Witney

The community would emphasize circularity through usage of building materials to incrementally increase the size of housing or for renovations where community members would have the option of buying the prefabricated modular parts that can be added upon to the existing building framework.

Shared ownership Can ensure sustainability agenda of community is mainatined by choosing aspirants

Middle class income

Cannot afford to buy an home

Shared ownership

Can ensure inclusiveness and not restricting only the rich to enjoy the aspects of a sustainable community

Shared ownership is an alternative home ownership scheme that gives those who are unable to afford a quality home an opportunity to purchase a new/ used property.

Can ensure that like minded people with an existing interest/ experience in allotments, growing and sharing of resources are chosen

Shared ownership Rent

Buy

75%

25%

Pros

Cons

Provides accessibility to buying own home to those unable to afford it

5%

Property is leased until 100% ownership occurs

Only some lenders offer mortgages for shared ownership

Lower deposits than the open market

Deposit Users can buy more shares gradually in the percentage that is not owned and eventually can buy 100% of the house.

Eligibility • • • • •

Must be 18 years old Annual household income must be less than GBP 80,000 First time buyers/ without other property Demonstrate good credit history Should not have other mortgages/ arrears

Allows to grow on the property ladder without overstrecting

Can sell the shares back to the community at any time

100% ground rent and service charge on property

Shared ownership

Restrictions on home renovation/ improvements as community will have a say in it

Can live in the property for the tenure of the lease (Usually 99 / 125 years)

Reference : https://www.gov.uk/shared-ownership-scheme

End users

Co-living

The elderly

Young families

The community would offer an alternative to traditional retirement communitities and would offer varied activities along with a strong sense of community to those who feel isolated or neglected

Would offer young families the freedom to live and expand their households overtime along with the chance to bond with likeminded people and shared responsibilities in raising children

Would offer single parents a supportive network towards childcare and more bonding opportunities

The ability to interact and work with like minded people in developing a sustainable community with people in different fields contributing towards growth

Single parents

People with sustainability interest/ single persons

Neighbourhood design

Resident management

Design of the community would encourage interaction between people and create a sense of collectiveness through the emphasis of public spaces

Shared management of public facilities and resources leading to more personal connections

Participatory development

Residents would be a part of community activities such as the pop-up market and would decide the approval of incremental spaces and streer the direction of the community

Benefits to wider community

Local production of food leading to less food insecurity

Community marketplace serving residents of greater Witney with fresh produce and local handicrafts

Reduce the demand on external services due to priority on mutual support within community

Shared facilities would benefit the wider community along with residents

Evolution of sustainable community concept

Sustainable community, A Case study

Historical concepts

The Producing community

Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

The Lodge project

Biophilia Modularity Incrementality Circularity in the community The brief End users

1

Strategic Definition

2

Brief Preparation

3

Concept Design

The Lodge project A test for Design for disassembly The lodge project was a prototype project that we experimented with in the first part of the year where we tested out some of the values that we thought was essential for the architecture of a sustainable community in a smaller setting.

The lodge project would be a pop-up exhibition space for a photographer who would shift his studio to different places to work and then to exhibit his work to the public there.

Hence this project was designed to be disassembled and have the concept of modularity in mind to aid the photographer’s travelling pursuits and to serve as a precursor to the sustainable community project.

Precedent project - Circularity solar roof

urban farm

outdoor seating

meeting rooms

bar

meeting rooms

kitchen garden

restaurant

prefabricated concrete foundation that can be dismantled & reused

pv panels on roof

the greenhouse Location : Utercht, Netherlands Year : 2018 Architects : architectenbureau cepezed Project type : restaurant/ meeting area

reused glass from previous building onsite

biobased materials in frame & facade

The green house in Utrecht designed by Cepezed is a circular pavilion created as a driver that promotes circular economy. It functions as a circular economy laboratory by housing meeting spaces and a restaurant that makes use of an urban farm and an in-built kitchen garden. (circulairestad.nl, n.d) It is a temporary structure that could be dismantled and reused after 15 years (Arch Daily, 2018)

Various meeting spaces are created for discussions and a kitchen serving a bar and a restaurant relies on the urban farm and kitchen garden. Green house is the first pavilion to house a ‘ac-plug-free kitchen’ that requires no electricity (Arch Daily,2018). The terrace is used for outdoor seating and the solar panels wrap the roof. The materials that make up the spaces are targeted to continue their life even after dismantling the structure.

flooring, toilet & lifts are individual modules which can be resued

steel skeleton is completely remountable

key points of circularity to be implemented

using materials that can be dismantled & reused

Structure that can be easily dimantled & assembled

using materials that are locally available

flooring is recycled bricks

usage of materials from older buildings

Site context study

N

site location

oxford city centre

distance from city centre

Site context- Region level

10 mins drive

20 mins bus

15 mins bike ride

35 mins walk

Site context- City level

location of site

clive booth student village Oxford Islamic centre headington hill hall cheney student village

Master plan

oxford brookes university

Walkable radius from site

Transport links

Site analysis

N

valley

Noise analysis onsite

ridge water drain spots

meteorological station : radcliffe m station maximum rainfall : 38.56 in minimum rainfall : 13.26 in lowest temp : -17.8 c (1860 dec) highest temp : 36.5 c (2019 july) topography : avg elevation -74m wind : south west prevalent wind speed : 4.1 avg average temp & precipitation

Site contour study

Topographic map, elevation & relief

wind rose with SW winds

Site Inference

N

Serene landscape

university campus

grade 2 building

Site values

site contours

Sun shadow study - Winter park

S w ideal location for building after climate analysis & site value analysis and also corresponding to the concept of the proposal

Sun shadow study - Summer

o t

headington area

Distinguished landscape and surrounding providing serene setting for retreat

Contours onsite can prove to be challenging with no water accumulating in spots and site havingdark spots in winter Proximity to universities can prove benefecial, Parkland surrounding site gives opportunity to expand natural context Flooding, temperature change due to global warming & expansion of university into site

STORE GALLERY SPACE

GALLERY

WORK/REST GALLERY / WORKSPACE

TRANSITION WORK

Nick Veasey Studio, Kent Photographer’s studio, Marlin county CA

STUDIO

Plan sketch

Plan precedents

ce

Workspa

y/ Galler y la p is d

Indoor Studio

Gallery Space

Work/ Rest

Darkroom

Indoor Studio

OTS Studio

Sunspace

Rest Toilet

Form sketch Previous iterations

Massing model

de verbeelding, Netherlands

Structure precedent

Green roof joining ground

Form development

Extruded plan Secondary space added

Building lifted from ground and deck added to be easy for disassembly

Building form adjusted for north light opening

N Building placed along pedestrian axis but shrouded to not disturb listed heritage building

all gton Hill H

Headin

st

Work/ Re 4.0 x 3.5

Toilet

1.3 x 1.7

Carpark

ace

Gallery Sp 6.0 x 3.5

Studio

2.7 x 2.5

Store

Earthy materials used to sit organically onsite

I D A

T G N

HE

Site Plan 1:200 Scale

ON

R

D A O

N

A

A’ Work/ Rest 4.0 x 3.5

Gallery Space 6.0 x 3.5

Toilet

1.3 x 1.7

Studio

2.7 x 2.5

Store

Floor Plan 1:50 Scale

dwgmodels.com

dwgmodels.com

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Section AA’ 1:100 Scale

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CLT Column Tight fit dowels

Metal Plate

D1

Anchor bolts

Concrete footing

Detail 1

Section AA’ 1:50 Scale

1 Thermowood 15 mm 2 Wooden Framework

Vegetation & Window bracket prevents harsh light/ glare into gallery

3 Biomembrane derbipure 5mm 4 Woodpulp insulation 100mm

Northern opening giving balanced light into gallery

5 Wooden plate 25mm

Detail 2

6 CLT Portal frame

6 123 4

5

View of photo studio D2

Coloured light & shadow provides experience to user without disturbing gallery images

Light and shadow from openings to provide an experience to the user

Images suspended from ceiling in a pivot which can be turned to look at images with or without light

WIndow bracket that prevents harsh light/ glare

1

CLT Columns attaching to Concrete footing

3 CLT portal frame passes the load to columns

5

Openings added

2

CLT boards joined to form plinth

4 CLT boards used to form walls & ceiling

6

Interior fittings added

15mm thermowood

Cross layered wooden framework

Brettstapel is the name given to a form of timber construction, comprising softwood panels connected by hardwood dowels.

Consequently, it does not use any glue or nails, making it completely demountable and circular.

Biomembrane derbipure

Woodfiber insulation 100mm

Wooden frame spanning curve direction

Kerto Q-plate 25mm

Wood pulp insulation (or wood fibre insulation) is a form of insulating material formed of wood waste.

It can be either blown loose into required spaces or formed into panels of varying flexibility. As it is wood based, it can be fully recycled at the end of its lifespan.

Derbigum waterproofing membranes are designed with circularity in mind. Each product is completely recyclable, and can be specified to help with rainwater collection or CO2 absorption.

Detail showing construction of portal frames from prefabricated boards

Exploded view of portal frame & CLT walls

Evolution of sustainable community concept

Sustainable community, A Case study

Historical concepts

The Producing community

Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

The Lodge project The module

Biophilia Modularity Incrementality Circularity in the community The brief End users

1

Strategic Definition

2

Brief Preparation

3

Concept Design

Average housing size in the UK 1940’s

17.22 msq

13.74 msq

Living room Bedroom

1970’s

2000’s

13.70 msq

22.06 msq 14.71 msq

14.96 msq

Kitchen

Living room Bedroom

Kitchen

17.09 msq

13.37 msq

Living room Bedroom

Average size of a home in the UK has declined marginally though it saw an increase in the 1970’s and 80’s in the advent of modernsim when Britain moved away from traditional box like structures. Currently due to lack of space in British citites the size of houses has further reduced and has introduced the concept of micro-living as more and more people prefer to live alone rather than with families and also due to high real-estate proces and housing shortage the sizing has been claustrophobic with some micro apartments at a mere 13 msq.

Source : https://www.labc.co.uk/news/what-average-house-size-uk

UK Government minimum space standard for studio apartment (Similar to New York City)

Studio apartment size in London Studio apartment size in Tokyo Minimum requirement for a single occupancy prison cell Capsule in the Nagakin capsule tower which has 140 capsules of 10 sqm each Source : City of New york, the collective

13.44 msq Kitchen

The Module

36sqm module, the size of the minimum space standard for a studio apartment in the UK

Top view of proposed studio

Toi Bedroom Living/ Kitchen

Bedroom

Toi

Green module and living module added

or Terrace/ backyard

2 person family/ Co-living 2 people Size : 90 sqm

Framework established in community that each group of modules must have a open terrace/ backyard green area as a private green space

The Module

Incremental module added

Living module added

Toi

Toi

Bedroom

Incremental space

Living/Kitchen Bedroom

Bath

Bedroom

Terrace/ backyard

Terrace/ backyard Living/Kitchen

Bedroom

Bedroom

At discretion of user to use incremental space as required

Bedroom Toi

Terrace

Home office

4 person co-living Size : 120 sqm

Small family dwelling Bedroom

Indoor cultivation area - Aeroponics

Size : 120 sqm

The Module

Living module added

Living module added

Toi

Toi Bedroom

Bedroom

Bedroom

Toi

Toi

Bedroom Bedroom

Bath Living/Kitchen

Bedroom

Bedroom

5 person co-living Size : 150 sqm

Terrace/ backyard

Living/Kitchen

Incremental space

Large family dwelling Size : 150 sqm

Terrace/ backyard

One size doesn’t fit all Multiple apartments sizes and types to cater to different people with different size requirements

Use incremental module in family dwellings to increase space

Increase in space requirements?

Swap with others looking for a change

Terrace

Home office Modular materials

At discretion of user to use incremental space as preferred

Incremental module

Bedroom

Indoor cultivation area - Aeroponics

Can be changed to any of the suggested uses or any other as per users wishes

Community market

Can be adjusted and changed according to user

Incremental space

Elevation of project Buildings after completion

Precedent project - Incrementality Project name : Quinta Monroy housing Architect : Alejandro Aravena Year completion : 2014

10 years later with additions

Evolution of sustainable community concept

Sustainable community, A Case study

Historical concepts

The Producing community

Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

Biophilia Modularity

The Lodge project The module

Looking at the site

Site analysis

Incrementality Circularity in the community The brief End users

1

Strategic Definition

2

Brief Preparation

3

Concept Design

2

1

1

Pedestrian subway

2

Duckington Lakefront

3

Allotments

4 Electricity sub station

3

4 Textures of the site

Key aspects of the site

Looking at the Site Witney town border

5

3

4

2 1

Witney, UK

6

Duckington village border The site is located adjacent to the Duckington lake in the village of Duckington south of Witney in West oxfordshire.

1 Site view

2 Duckington Lakefront

3 Pedestrian subway

4 Allotments

5 Duckington Roundabout

6 Electricity sub-station

1910’s The Site

1950’s

1970’s

1990’s

Analysis of Historical maps shows us that the Duckington lake did not exist before 1980’s as is a man made water feature. The Lake is a flooded gravel pit dug initially for gravel used whilst constructing the Witney bypass (A40) in the mid 1980’s.

Witney town hall

Butter cross

110 varieties of birds found in and around lake

The local architecture of Witney town is dominated by traditional english style detached and semi-detached buildings inside the town boundary with some modern buildings popping up in the outskirts of town giving it the feeling a quaint old english town

Witney town

La ke fro

ts n e m t o l l A

nt

Duckington lake

re c

re a

tio

na

Site Boundary

ls

pa

ce

Power sub-station

Site greencover

Existing chanels onsite

Duckington lake

The Site

S

W

O

T

Water bodies

Surrounding greencover

Duckington lake provides good views that can be utilized and a calm and serene environment that can be taken advantage of

Power sub-station and existing power lines onsite create a visual nuisance which needs to be blocked along with removal of power lines onsite

Empty site with good vegetation and flat terrain provides a good base to build upon

Site lying in a floodplain is a threat that might affect any built environment which needs to be mitigated

Site road Road links

Transport links

Noise analysis

Public transport in Witney centre

Bridge crossing over canal

Walking route

Pedestrian routes

Flood risk plain

Site sun study

3D Sun path summer solstice

Sun path summer solstice

Sun path winter solstice

June 21, 12:00

December 21, 12:00

Boundary trees cast shadow onto site but due to size of entire site they will not block light into proposed buildings

3D Sun path winter solstice

Site wind analysis

Windrose diagram Annual average wind diagram for Witney Average temperatues : -2 to 30 Deg celcius Average wind speed : 4.1 m/s

Predominant winds from South west

Average wind diagram summer

Average wind diagram winter

Predominant winds from South west and East

Predominant winds from South west

Daylight hours Witney

Yearly rainfall

16.6 hrs

7.9 hrs

11.9 hrs

12.6 hrs

45mm

27mm

22mm

29mm

Summer

Winter

Spring

Autumn

Summer

Winter

Spring

Autumn

Yearly humidity

85% Summer

87% Winter

84% Spring

Yearly temperature

87% Autumn

Reference : https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/ united-kingdom/witney-climate

20.5 C

6.3 C

9.8 C

14 C

Summer

Winter

Spring

Autumn

Evolution of sustainable community concept

Sustainable community, A Case study

Historical concepts

The Producing community

Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

Biophilia Modularity

The Lodge project The module

Looking at the site

Site analysis

Incrementality Circularity in the community

Site development

The brief

Module + site

End users

1

Strategic Definition

2

Brief Preparation

3

Concept Design

Site development

Zoning the site towards the lake to take advantage of the views.

Dividing the site into 3 parts according to existing site features of trees & water canals

A rainwater pond being proposed on the lakeside to tacke issue of flooding and to create a community node.

Site is divided by a strong axis and further sub-divided to create pockets and a sense of neighboughhood

Water chanels used to lead the users through the site

Green pockets added further

Community marketspace proposed on other end of lakefront creating a central community axis Site is further sub-divided with living areas surrounding central community axis.

Site + module

6 x 6 m grids arranged according to site zoning

Existing water canals onsite diverted to form public pockets to encourage community interaction

Module blocks removed to bring in sunlight and create clusters with co-living housing zoned to north and family living zoned to the south of the site

Pedestrian / cycle route

Site vehicular entrance

Design development plans

Access road

Terrace garden modules & incremenal modules segregated with public space segregated onsite

Terrace garden module

Incremental module

Rainwater pond

Community area module

Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

Sustainable community, A Case study

The Lodge project The module

The Producing community Biophilia Modularity

Module with orientation Module development

Looking at the site

Site analysis

Incrementality Circularity in the community

Site development

The brief

Module + site

End users

1

Strategic Definition

2

Brief Preparation

3

Concept Design

4

Spatial Coordination

Module with orientation

Terrace with vegetation on south side to stop heat of summer sun and let in light of winter sun

N

Terrace

Sunspace

Balcony Planter Box

1

2

Module without sense of orientation

1

2

3

Rooms with windows on multiple windows for cross ventilation

Module with sense of orientation

3

Thermal mass

Roof overhang over balcony to stop summer sun and let in winter sun

Sunspaces on south facing wall uses convection to heat up living areas passively

Decidious vegetation on south facing terrace garden stops harsh summer sun into housing modules

Angled roof with windows above lintel level to let in north light Sunspace to passively heat in summer and cool in winter

Terrace in south side to diffuse light and stop heat penetration

Stepped first floor to block south light into ground floor window

Summer solstice - June 21, 9 am

Winter solstice - June 21, 9 am

Sun study - Co living block

Summer solstice - June 21, 12 pm

Summer solstice - June 21, 3 pm

Winter solstice - June 21, 12 pm

Winter solstice - June 21, 3 pm

Module development

Clerestorey windows

Planter box South facing sunspace

Single module

Stacked modules

Design development sketch showing community around modules

Roof attached

Climate responsive parts added

Modules arranged to form co-living block

Precedent project

Modularity

Project name : Phäbb MODU Architect : Morris + company

Material palette can be chosen by users and adapted to building as needed

Modular blocks

Reference : https://www.archdaily.com/950853/morris-plus-company-launches-phabb-modu-modular-housing

Building program Community pond

Recreational waterfront

Co-living units Community Kitchen / dining

Community auditorium

Family living units

Co-living units Allotments

Family living units Food Aeroponics processing

workshops

Co-living units Co-living units

classroom co-working space

Dairy processing

Community market Entry into site

Family living units

Allotments

Co-living unit massing model

Family living unit massing model

Family living unit massing model

Community unit massing model

Module development

Terrace garden module

Greenhouse module

Terrace garden module

Housing module

Housing module

Housing module

Community area module

Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

Sustainable community, A Case study

The Lodge project The module

The Producing community Biophilia Modularity

1

Module development

Looking at the site Site Plan Site analysis

Incrementality

Floor plans

Circularity in the community

Site development

Atmospheric views

The brief

Module + site

Atmosphere section

End users

Strategic Definition

Module with orientation

2

Brief Preparation

3

Concept Design

4

Spatial Coordination

Duckington lake

Witney, UK

Community pond

Witney town Community allotments

Deck

Gazebo

Amphitheatre

Deck

Gazebo

Community allotments

Community allotments

Duckington Community allotments

Community allotments

Community allotments

Pedestrian/ cycle pathways

Pop-up marketspace

Pedestrian/ cycle pathways

Site entry/ exit Vehicular road

Future expansion space

Vehicular road

Parking with E-vehicle infrastructure

Future expansion space Towards secondary entry / exit

Site Plan Scale 1:300

N

Community interaction spaces

Co-living units Ground floor plan Green corridor created between co-living blocks

N

Scale 1:100 Key plan

Creation of hierarchy of spaces from public to private

Co-living units First floor plan Scale 1:100

N Key plan

Massing model of co-living units

Transition from public to semi-public to semi-private and private

Private Semi-private

Semi-public

Key plan View of co-living unit with green spine

Design development sketch

Vibrant public spaces that create a sense of togetherness to the users

Community block Ground floor plan Scale 1:100

N Key plan

Development sketch of community waterfront

Community block Ground floor plan Scale 1:100

N Key plan

Massing model of community unit

Creating a central community zone bridging the gap between co-living & family living

Development sketch showing central community space

1

Aeroponics greenhouse

1

Community block First floor plan Scale 1:100

N Key plan

Key plan View of community block with floating garden

Massing model

Family living Ground floor plan Scale 1:100

N

Key plan

Modular planter box system

View of family living block with bio-swale

Key plan

Precedent project Modularity Project : Pixel facade Architect : Thomas & Rahimzadeh Modular facade system that can be easily interchanged as per personal preference.

Components can be removed and interchanged

Reference : https://www.designboom.com/architecture/pixel-facade-biophilic-facade-system-next-generation-offices-04-03-2018/

Perspective section showing activity through co-living block Key plan

Section plane

Design development section

Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

Sustainable community, A Case study

The Lodge project The module

The Producing community Biophilia Modularity

1

Technical details

Module development

3D peel off

Looking at the site Site Plan Site analysis

Incrementality

Floor plans

Circularity in the community

Site development

Atmospheric views

The brief

Module + site

Atmosphere section

End users

Strategic Definition

Module with orientation

2

Brief Preparation

3

Concept Design

4

Spatial Coordination

5

Techology Design

Section BB’ Wall detail Scale 1:5

Wall cladding CLT wall Insulation Cross battens Outer wall cladding

Section BB’ Scale 1:20

Detailed plan of a module Scale 1:20

N

3D perspective of module Section BB’

Louvred sunshade

Planter box projection

Sunspace projection detail

Balcony projection

CLT floor slab

Scale 1:20

Louvred sunshade

View of sunspace projection

Glulam beam

Soil layer Drainage cell Waterproofing

3D perspective of terrace

CLT Wall board Insulation

Cladding Cross battens Waterproofing CLT Insulation

Soil Gypsum fibreboard

Waterproof membrane

Geotextile fabric wrapping

Drainage cells

Detail D1

Detail D2

Detail D3

Section with wall detail D1

D2 D3

South sun helps roof planting to grow North side provides good qualiy light into workspace

Green roof Soil layer

Glulam beam

Drainage layer Green roof Insulation

Soil layer

Drainage layer

Perimeter ballast

Root resistant waterroofing

Timber upstand

Gutter

Detail D4 Scale 1:10 Flooring

3D Peel off

Insulation

CLT Slab

D4

Section CC’

Section CC’

Key plan

Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

Sustainable community, A Case study

The Lodge project The module

The Producing community Biophilia Modularity

1

Technical details

Module development

3D peel off

Looking at the site

Structural detail Site Plan

Site analysis

Incrementality

Floor plans

Circularity in the community

Site development

Atmospheric views

The brief

Module + site

Atmosphere section

End users

Strategic Definition

Module with orientation

2

Brief Preparation

3

Concept Design

4

Spatial Coordination

Structural precedent

5

Techology Design

Roof slab

2” gypcrete

5 ply CLT slab

Lintel beams

Glulam beam Floor slabs Custom steel bracket

Floor slabs

Column & beam structure Glulam column

Glulam beam to column and slab conenction

Primary materials used

Types of loads affecting the building

Glued laminated timber

Cross laminated timber

Brettstapel / dowellam

Glulam is used as the primary structural material of the building. Beams and columns of the project are specified as Glulam

Cross laminated timber is used as the secondary structural material specified for roof and floor slabs in the project

Brettstapel is specified for usage for wall panels in the project as it is most suitable for design for disassembly due to non usage of adhesives or nails

Glulam beams are attached to Glulam columns with metal plates and nails

Precedent project Structure Project : Albina Yard Architect : LEVER Architecture Above its concrete foundation, the project has an all-wood structure. The architects designed a grid of glue-laminated (glulam) columns and beams with CLT panels acting as floor plates. Instead of solid wood beams and columns made from large trees, mass-timber frames incorporate engineered wood products such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and nail laminated timber (NLT). Such components bind together small wood elements to form strong structural units.

Reference : https://continuingeducation.bnpmedia.com/courses/multi-aia/mass-timber/?oly_enc_id=

Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

Sustainable community, A Case study

The Lodge project The module

The Producing community Biophilia Modularity

1

Technical details

Module development

3D peel off

Looking at the site

Structural detail Site Plan

Site analysis

Incrementality

Floor plans

Structural precedent Design for disassembly

Circularity in the community

Site development

Atmospheric views

The brief

Module + site

Atmosphere section

Design for disassembly detail

4

5

End users

Strategic Definition

Module with orientation

2

Brief Preparation

3

Concept Design

Spatial Coordination

Techology Design

Design for disassembly

Timeline of a typical building material

Raw Materials

Processing to usable materials

Usage in buildings

End of usage Demolition

Raw Materials

Processing to usable materials

Design for disassembly

Design for disassembly is the concept where construction products are designed such that they can be separated into components that can be reused, recycled or reconfigured

Usage in building

Repurpose/reuse of material

Circularity of materials

The linear economy

Economy with feedback loops

The circular economy

Reference : https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/improving-circular-economy-practices-in

End of life/ dismantling

Expansion of spaces/ renovation

More material used

Landfill

The building uses appropriate joinery that aids in disassembly and also helps in avoiding use of heavy machinery or too many tools.

Precedent project Design for disassembly

Building avoids usage of glue, nails or welding that would make disassembly difficult

Project name : The circular building Architect : ARUP

The project generated a detailed deconstruction plan, including instructions for the disassembly of elements, as well as a review of the building components and materials and how they should be reused, recycled, or reclaimed

Roof structure

Wooden battens

Insulation

Joint sealing tape

Additions

First floor walls

Wall cladding CLT wall panel

First floor slab Dismantlable wall panels can be added or removed from existing structural framework

Ground floor walls

Plinth slab

Lintel and frame

Column & beam structure

Prefabricated wall panels and joinery can be purchased and sold back to community market when expanding/ changing/ incrementing spaces T-slot joint design on slabs for easy adding/ removal of wall panels without adhesives or nails

Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

Sustainable community, A Case study

The Lodge project The module

The Producing community Biophilia Modularity

1

Technical details

Module development

3D peel off

Looking at the site

Site analysis

Incrementality

Structural detail

Floor plans

Structural precedent Design for disassembly

Circularity in the community

Site development

Atmospheric views

The brief

Module + site

Atmosphere section

Design for disassembly detail

4

5

2

Brief Preparation

Atmospheric views

Site Plan

End users

Strategic Definition

Module with orientation

3

Concept Design

Spatial Coordination

Techology Design

6

Final Proposal

View of the community centre from the roof garden

Key plan

View of private terrace gardens ( co-living block)

Key plan

Interior view of Studio apartment

Interior view of apartment

Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

Sustainable community, A Case study

The Lodge project The module

The Producing community Biophilia Modularity

1

Technical details

Atmospheric views

Module development

3D peel off

Water recycling

Structural detail

Sustainablility in the proposal

Looking at the site Site Plan Site analysis

Incrementality

Floor plans

Structural precedent Design for disassembly

Circularity in the community

Site development

Atmospheric views

The brief

Module + site

Atmosphere section

Design for disassembly detail

4

5

End users

Strategic Definition

Module with orientation

2

Brief Preparation

3

Concept Design

Spatial Coordination

Techology Design

Materiality

6

Final Proposal

Water from roof into pipes through gutter

Excess water in planter box filtered and let into canal

Rainwater pipe part of wall build-up

Pipes bring water into canal

Excess water from lake

Rainwater on roofs and site

Drain into site canals

Canal passing through community acting as a bio-swale

Excess water into lake

Water filtered and let into pond

Water cycle in the community

Used for community water needs

Water used for irrigation

View of Bio-swale Helps in groundwater retention and aids during time of flood

Diagram of a typical Bio-swale system without water

Precedent topic Bio-swales Project name : Coliseum square park bio-swale Location : Lousiana, USA Diagram of a typical Bio-swale system with water

The bio-swale is a drainage course or trench planted with local vegetation that filters and stores rainwater. According to designers, it can aid storm water management by slowing how quickly rain gets flushed into the city’s drainage system. In the Coliseum Square neighborhood, the project is designed to ameliorate an area that floods every time there’s heavy rainfall.

Reference : https://uptownmessenger.com/2016/05/coliseum-square-eyed-for-bioswale-stormwater-pilot-project/

Sustainability Summer sun

Sunspace on south side to passively warm interiors

Terrace gardens outside houses for integration of biophilia

Winter sun South facing roof planting Winter sun is let in South facing stepped terrace garden to aid plant growth Maximum glazing & roof lights on northern side Planter boxes facing south

Winter sun let in while summer sun is blocked by cantilever

Rainwater is let into Bio-swale that redirects water into pond and acts as green lung when not having water North side provides good qualiy light into workspace

Planting of decidious trees onsite to diffuse summer sun and let in winter sun while also maintaining the concept of biophilia onsite

South sun helps roof planting to grow

Tackling the RIBA Sustainable goals

Circular water usage

Promotes quality housing

Usage of renewable energy sources

Tackling food insecurity

Promotion of mental wellbeing

Promotes physical wellbeing

Waste recycling

Promotion of circular economy

Embracing green technology Composting

Materiality Advantages of using timber as the primary building material

Glued laminated timber

Cross laminated timber

Brettstapel / dowellam

Wood pulp insulation

Glulam is used as the primary structural material of the building. Beams and columns of the project are specified as Glulam

Cross laminated timber is used as the secondary structural material specified for roof and floor slabs in the project

Brettstapel is specified for usage for wall panels in the project as it is most suitable for design for disassembly due to non usage of adhesives or nails

Wood pulp insulation (or wood fibre insulation) is a form of insulating material formed of wood waste. It can be either blown loose into required spaces or formed into panels of varying flexibility. As it is wood based, it can be fully recycled at the end of its lifespan.

Source : Waugh Thistleton Architects

Advantages of using timber Health benefits of using wood

Improve physical and mental wellbeing

Improve productivity and concentration

Increased construction speed

Light weight Higher cognitive function

Foster social interaction

Source : https://specifierreview.com/2018/03/16/timber-building-benefits/

RAW material is fully finished

Weather versatility

Tolerance in mm

Offsite construction

Reduced labour costs

Improved safety

Source : https://medium.com/the-mission/from-products-to-projects-transforming-construction-through-prefabrication-and-cross-laminated-9ac55233b146

Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

Sustainable community, A Case study

The Lodge project The module

The Producing community Biophilia Modularity

1

Technical details

Atmospheric views

Module development

3D peel off

Water recycling

Structural detail

Sustainablility in the proposal

Looking at the site Site Plan Site analysis

Incrementality

Floor plans

Structural precedent Design for disassembly

Circularity in the community

Site development

Atmospheric views

The brief

Module + site

Atmosphere section

Design for disassembly detail

4

5

End users

Strategic Definition

Module with orientation

2

Brief Preparation

3

Concept Design

Spatial Coordination

Techology Design

Materiality FCBS Carbon evaluation

6

Final Proposal

FCBS Carbon calculation OPERATIONAL ENERGY

DomesticRIBA 2030 Challenge

35 2030

70 2025

105

LIFECYCLE EMBODIED CARBON 300

146

2020

Pre - 2020

2030

450

DomesticRIBA 2030 Challenge 600

2025

1000

2020

Pre - 2020

Electrical Energy Demand Innovative Best practice Typical

0 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Sequestered carbon

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Innovative Best practice Typical

180

40

60

80

100

120

kWh/m2/year

Annual Energy Usage

Energy Use: Renewable Energy: Net Operational Energy:

55

Windows

11-6

External walls

-18 17

Roof

-15 22 -63

Upper floors Innovative Best practice Typical

0 20

-157

Internal walls

Total Energy Demand 0

17

Internal finishes

0 20

53

Services

Non-Electric Energy Demand 0

Embodied carbon over the lifecycle

0 kWhr/m2/yr 0 kWhr/m2/yr 0 kWhr/m2/yr

140

160

180

-74

Superstructure

33 351

Substructure

-200

Annual Carbon Emissions

Current Carbon Factors: Actual Carbon Factors:

22

-100

0

100

200

300

400

kgCO2e/m2

0.0 kgCO2e/m2/yr 0.0 kgCO2e/m2/yr

TOTAL Embodied Carbon: 580 kgCO2e/m2 TOTAL Including Sequestration: 247 kgCO2e/m2

* based on net energy demand. Current factors as defined in Part L 2013. Actual factors as defined in SAP 10.1.

WHOLE LIFE CARBON

OFFSET CARBON

60 Year Carbon Impact

60 Year Whole Life Carbon Offset

580 kgCO2e/m2 (assumes net energy demand supplied at SAP 10.1 carbon factors)

2.9 Hectares of mixed British woodland required to offset the 1277 tCO2e*

Cumulative CO2 emissions (kgCO2e/m2)

800 Embodied carbon offset 600 Operational carbon offset

400 200

Total carbon offset

0

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3.5

Hectares required

-200 -400

3

Estimated offset cost

30

60

90

Forest: Estate improvement:

120

Years after handover Embodied

Operational

Sequestered

£31,926 at £25 per tCO2e (Woodland Trust) £121,320 at £95 per tCO2e (Camden Warm & Well fund)

* based on projected 60 year sequestration rates from WCC Carbon Calculation Spreadsheet V2.2

BETA V0.8

Reference : https://fcbstudios.com/fcbscarbon

NOTES

CARBON IMPACT OVER THE LIFE CYCLE AND POTENTIAL BENEFITS 600

1.2

500

532 1

400

kgCO2e/m2

300

0.8

Term

Definition

Embodied carbon to Comprises stages practical completion A1-A5

532

Embodied carbon over the life cycle

Comprises stages A1-A5, B1-B5, C1C4

#N/A

Whole life carbon

Comprises stages A, B & C, with module D reported separately

200 100

0.6

0

24

24 0.4

-100 -200

0.2

-334

-300 -400

A1-A3 Biogenic

A1-A5

B1-B3 & B5

Carbon emissions relating to the new building

B4

B6-B7

C1-C4

Value of carbon in existing elements

0

D

SAP 10.1 Operational emissions

WHOLE LIFE CARBON IMPACT

Value (kgCO2e/m2)

A, B & C

D

#N/A

0

N.B. These totals consider emissions incurred over the life of the current building. The value of carbon in existing elements is therefore not included in the total, but is displayed for information. Biogenic carbon has been excluded from these totals to provide clarity on the unavoidable emissions arising from material use. Operational emissions consider gross demand, as opposed to net demand on 3. OUTPUT. Module D represents potential benefits from the reuse of elements designed for deconstruction, including continued lock-in of biogenic carbon, alongside projected operational savings from

NOTES

End of life emissions [C1-C4] have been applied at year zero such that reading the graph at any time point will include them.

The red line represents the estimate reported elsewhere on this sheet.

1400

1200

1000

tCO2e

800

600

400

200

0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

Years since handover

Building Details

Decarbonising grid, net energy demand, with sequestration

Supplied on 0. INPUT Project Details Building Name Sector BETA V0.8 Sub-sector GIA

Distribution of Embodied Carbon of New Building by Building Aspect

The Making community Housing Multi-family (< 6 storeys) 2200 m2

3%

Reference : https://fcbstudios.com/fcbscarbon

640 1480 15 3 1 0 32

m m2 m m

1000

Upper floors Roof

2% 3%

External walls

4%

Windows

4%

User inputs required Building perimeter Building footprint Building width Floor-to-floor height No. storeys ground & above No. storeys below ground Glazing ratio

Substructure

9%

10% 6m 1 Domestic 1.5 kN/m2

1200

Superstructure

Associated with selected sub-sector Grid size Partitions factor RIBA 2030 Challenge Category Imposed floor load

RIBA 2030 Challenge

6%

60%

Internal walls Internal finishes Services

800

kgCO2e/m2

Current grid factors, gross energy demand, no sequestration

Pre - 2020 2020

600 580

2025 2030

400

200

247

0

%

Life cycle embodied

A1 - A3 Biogenic

Potential benefits

• E lif

• In fr

Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals

Sustainable community, A Case study

The Lodge project The module

The Producing community Biophilia Modularity

1

Technical details

Atmospheric views

Module development

3D peel off

Water recycling

Structural detail

Sustainablility in the proposal

Looking at the site Site Plan Site analysis

Incrementality

Floor plans

Structural precedent Design for disassembly

Circularity in the community

Site development

Atmospheric views

The brief

Module + site

Atmosphere section

Design for disassembly detail

4

5

End users

Strategic Definition

Module with orientation

2

Brief Preparation

3

Concept Design

Spatial Coordination

Techology Design

Materiality FCBS Carbon evaluation Final proposal

6

Final Proposal

View of community allotments

Key plan

View of community market

Key plan

The Making Community A sustainable community living project

Bibiliography

List of image and text references other than ones cited in portfolio pages

Aeroponics ; https://modernfarmer.com/2018/07/how-does-aeroponics-work/ Auroville ; https://issuu.com/samudyatha/docs/auroville_examining_sustainability_ Basic human needs ; https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/162514main_Human_Needs.pdf Brondby Haven ; https://www.picfair.com/pics/09665420-crop-circles-of-denmark Biophilia - The Rationale for Biophilic Design ; Jana Söderlund : 2021 Bosco Verticale ; https://sumfinity.com/hdr-photos/italy/milan/bosco-verticale/ Council Housing ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Hill,_Sheffield Cross laminated timber ; Technical brochure by Stora Enso Eco Villages ; https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/ecovillages-of-the-future-netherlands-uae/ Garden city movement ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_city_movement) Glue laminated timber ; https://www.structuraltimber.co.uk/assets/InformationCentre/eb11.pdf Industrial revolution : https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/big-history-project/acceleration/bhp-acceleration/a/the-industrialrevolution Icons ; https://www.flaticon.com/ Images ; https://www.freepik.com/ Images ; https://www.pexels.com/

Bibiliography

List of image and text references other than ones cited in portfolio pages

Kowloon city ; https://www.archdaily.com/361831/infographic-life-inside-the-kowloon-walled-city Living grid house : http://www.larchitects.com.sg/projects/the-living-grid-house Medieval fuedal system : https://minnhagen.cgsociety.org/xx93/medieval-market Plastic pollution ; https://secure.avaaz.org/campaign/en/end_plastic_pollution_loc/ Passive design strategies ; https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/sustainable-architecture/a3992-what-are-passive-design-strategies/ Reference project : https://www.mfr-architectes.com/projets/prendre-racine/ The Impact of Green Space on Heat and Air Pollution in Urban Communities: A Meta-Narrative Systematic Review ; Tara Zupancic, Claire Westmacott, Mike Bulthuis : 2015

Towards a Digitally Fabricated Disassemble-able Building System ; Filipe Brandao, Alexandra Paio , Nuno Antunes ; 2018