The Vegan Winter 1973 by The Vegan Society

THE

VEGAN

Vol.20 No. 4

Winter, 1973

This

Issue :

THE ETHICAL BASIS OF VEGANISM

CONTENTS

The Importance of the Eclecticism Approach

Jack

Sanderson Frey Ellis

The Cower o f Kindness

Derek Neville

The Meaning of l ove

ALSO Annual Report for 1973 Other Reports, Readers' Letters and Reviews

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THE VEGAN SOCIETY Founded 1944 ' a d v o c a t e s living on the products of the plant kingdom to the e x c l u s i o n of a l l food and other commodities derived wholly or in part from a n i m a l s . Its members b a s e :heir l i v e s on the e t h i c of Reverence for Life and s e e k t o free t h e m s e l v e s from a l l forms of cruelty and e x p l o i t a t i o n . They are aware of man's r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s to his environment and s e e k o promote the proper use of the r e s o u r c e s of the e a r t h .

President: Dr Frey E l l i s , , Epsom, Surrey. Deputy President: Mr J Sanderson. Vice Presidents: Mrs E Batt, Mrs S C o l e s , Mr J D i n s h a h , Mrs M Henderson, Dr C Nimmo, M i s s W Simmons, M i s s M Simmons, Mrs E Shrigley, Dr f F W o k e s . Secretary: Mrs K Jannaway, Leatherhead, Surrev. T r e a s u r e r . : Mrs G Smith a s s i s t e d b y Linda Emptage who w i l l r e c e i v e s u b s c r i p t i o n s in f u t u r e : , R a m s g a t e , Kent Librarian: Mr W Wright, , Middlesex. Literature Secretary: Mrs V F a r r e l l , , Golden Lane, London E C 1 . Council Mrs E Batt, Mrs S C o l e s , Dr F E l l i s , Mr J Sanderson, Mrs. G Smith, Mr A W i l l i a m s , Mr W Wright. Minimum Subscription: which includes "THE VEGAN", ÂŁ 1 . 2 5 p . a . (and 6 3 p . for e a c h additional member of one family at the same r e s i d e n c e ) ; 6 3 p . if age under e i g h t e e n , payable in January. Life Membership : ÂŁ 2 0 . THE VEGAN

Quarterly j o u r n a l . Free to members. 55p- p . a . inc.. postage - s i n g l e c o p i e s lOp. + 3p. p o s t a g e . Editorial Board: Kathleen Jannaway, S e c r e t a r y , to whom a l l copy should be sent; Eva Batt, Chairman of the C o u n c i l , Karl F a r r e l l , of the Young Vegan S e c t i o n . Editorial Advisor: J a c k Sanderson B . S c . S c i e n t i f i c Advisor: Dr Frey Ellis . Distribution Secretary: Linda Emptage, , i Ramsgate, Kent. ^ Advertisement Manager: Donald S c o t t , " S h o a r n s " , B e l c h a w e l l . Blandford, Dorset. The Editorial Board does not n e c e s s a r i l y agree with opinions e x p r e s s e d by c o n t ributors to this magazine, or endorse a d v e r t i s e m e n t s . 'Copy d a t e s : 1st day of - February for ' s p r i n g ' , May for 'summer', August for 'autumn', November f o r ' w i n t e r ' . Cover and advertisement printed by H H Greaves Ltd. Editorial printed by Jaydon O f f s e t , 26 Bridge S t r e e t , Leatherhead, Surrey.

IMPORTANCE

OF ECLECTICISM

Victor Hugo wrote - "It was first of a l l n e c e s s a r y to c i v i l i s e man in relation to his f e l l o w men. That t a s k is already w e l l - a d v a n c e d and makes progress daily. But it i s a l s o n e c e s s a r y to c i v i l i s e man in relation to n a t u r e . There, everything remains to be d o n e . . . In the r e l a t i o n s of man with the a n i m a l s , with the f l o w e r s , with a l l the o b j e c t s of c r e a t i o n , there i s a whole great e t h i c s c a r c e l y s e e n a s y e t , but which will e v e n t u a l l y break through into the light and be the corollary and the complement to human e t h i c s . " Many of the g r e a t e s t minds of the past have similarly abhorred man's brutal exploitation of the animal c r e a t i o n . A very short s e l e c t i o n would include Apollonius, A s o k a , B l a k e , Buddha, C l e m e n t , Darwin, da Vinci, D i o g e n e s , Gandhi, E i n s t e i n , Milton, Newton, O v i d . O r i g e n , Plato, Plotinus, Pythagoras, Plutarch, Pope, R o u s s e a u , Swedenborg, S h e l l e y , S o c r a t e s , S e n e c a , Shaw, S c h w e i t z e r , Thoreau, Todd Ferrier, T o l s t o y , Voltaire, W e s l e y , Wagner, and Zoroaster . Quotations from some of their writings are interspersed through this Journal. A comparable l i s t of modern names would f i l l many pages and. would Include people from a l l walks of l i f e and probably would be more evenly b a l a n c e d between the s e x e s . In a r e c e n t i s s u e of "The Vegan" I gave a brief review of the following book: THE CIVILISED ALTERNATIVE - A PATTERN FOR PROTEST by Jon Wynne-Tyson ÂŁ 1 . 5 0 1972 21 l p . CENTAUR PRESS . Obtainable from the Vegan S o c i e t y Secretary. This e x c e l l e n t book i s an a p p e a l to the young and the y o u n g - i n mind for independent thought and effort to meet the grave s o c i a l problems of our t i m e . It i s e s s e n t i a l l y a plea for e c l e c t i c i s m . W h e r e a s the dictionary r e f e r s to e c l e c t i c s a s a c l a s s of philosophers who s e l e c t such doctrines a s p l e a s e them in every s c h o o l , the author s u g g e s t s that e c l e c t i c i s m may be s e e n f i r s t l y , in i t s humanistic and s c i e n t i f i c a s p e c t , a s a gathering together of a c c e p t a b l e and c o n s i s t e n t f a c t s to c r e a t e a system of knowledge, and s e c o n d l y , in i t s religious a s p e c t , a s the a p p l i c a t i o n of t h o s e f a c e t s of knowledge that have a bearing upon our r e l a t i o n s h i p s ' w i t h e a c h other and with a l l other organisms whether animal or v e g e t a b l e , and with our non-living environment. The first s e c t i o n of the book i s concerned with the current predicament of s o c i e t y , the problems of population and pollution, of faulty e d u c a t i o n , of s l u m s , r a c i a l i n t o l e r a n c e , wars and v i o l e n c e in a l l i t s f o r m s . The remainder, the greater part of the b o o k , d i s c u s s e s t h o s e orthodox habits o f thought and behaviour that need to be reviewed and r e v i s e d . "It cannot be o v e r - e m p h a s i s e d that the v i o l e n c e of cruelty i s i n d i v i s i b l e , : or that it i s j u s t a s n e c e s s a r y for man to curb his brutality towards a n i m a l s a s towards h i s own s p e c i e s . There i s a world of difference between a c o m p a s s i o n a t e nature and a temperament that s e l e c t s the targets for i t s 2

Cruelty".

"Ecology i s e s s e n t i a l l y a matter of b a l a n c e - the b a l a n c e between a l l living organisms . . . a prime example of man's c r a s s i n s e n s i t i v i t y to t h i s b a l a n c e has been h i s exploitation of animals for food and s p o r t . Stockfarming must take enormous r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for the unbalancing of nature . . . If t h i s extremely uneconomic way of obtaining food had been adopted by a l l n a t i o n s , the land r e s o u r c e s of the world would long s i n c e have b e e n e x h a u s t e d . Most of the fertile land devoted to c a t t l e , which e a t c e r e a l s , root and green crops and various s e e d s for improved milk production, could show a much quicker and more e c o n o m i c a l return if used for crops s u i t a b l e for direct feeding to human b e i n g s . Ten times more c e r e a l s , weight for weight, c a n be grown in the same time than meat and up to a hundred times more v e g e t a b l e s . Each year we take from India, a land a l w a y s verging on famine, 1 9 0 , 0 0 0 tons-of o i l s e e d protein to feed battery farm a n i m a l s . Yet an ounce of protein a day could make a l l the d i f f e r e n c e between life and death to a starving c h i l d . Everyone in the world could have adequate food if the enormously w a s t e f u l habit of eating meat and i t s by-products was s a c r i f i c e d by the richer minority of the e a r t h ' s inhabitants who i n s i s t upon t h i s t o t a l l y u n n e c e s s a r y and unnatural diet. Like the fur trade, whaling, shooting, and hunting, s t o c k farming, and butchery, it c a n be phased out of e x i s t e n c e a s can any other o b s o l e t e and primitive p r a c t i c e . " In a r e f e r e n c e to v i v i s e c t i o n , the writer s t a t e s that during the 1 9 6 0 s the Federal Government of the U . S . A . a l l o c a t e d some 1 , 0 0 0 million dollars a year of the t a x p a y e r s ' money to b i o c h e m i c a l r e s e a r c h , most of it involving experimental use of a n i m a l s . Some 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 people were engaged in this work full t i m e , and 300 million laboratory animals were currently in u s e , ten dying every s e c o n d . His comment i s the same a s that a g a i n s t a l l other forms of cruelty - that v i o l e n c e does not produce long-term s o l u t i o n s , that there i s no such thing a s an e v i l to end e v i l . The quality of mercy i s or should be the very b a s i s of medical p r a c t i c e . The author pleads for a t o t a l concern for a l l l i f e , for it i s "compartmental thinking, s e c t i o n a l c o n c e r n , qualified o b j e c t i v e s - t h e s e , or the h a l f baked thinking behind them, are p r e c i s e l y what have brought us to the present s i t u a t i o n . It has been the greed of the i n d u s t r i a l i s t , the blinkered wisdom of the e c o n o m i s t , the power-seeking ambition of p o l i t i c i a n s , the s p e c i o u s s e l f - i n t e r e s t of a d v e r t i s e r s , the c y n i c a l triviality of many j o u r n a l i s t s and exponents of the a r t s , the narrow i n t o l e r a n c e of r e l i g i o n i s t s , and the in-turned s e l f i s h n e s s and apathy of Mr Average Man that have created the human condition of which we now have good r e a s o n to complain. Let us do for our surroundings a s we would do unto o u r s e l v e s . " In the words of the author - "It i s man's supreme f o l l y and arrogance to imagine that he can live in b a l a n c e , harmony and h a p p i n e s s without s e l f d i s c i p l i n e ; without a s e n s e of purpose bevond mere material a c q u i s i t i o n ,

without concern to make an evolutionary contribution t o the world we go on sharing only if we abide by certain r u l e s that are common and v i t a l t o our s p e c i e s , without, in short, s e e i n g our p l a c e in nature a s a s m a l l but subtly s i g n i f i c a n t microcosm within the m a c r o c o s m .

(

We have a l l the knowledge we need to build t h o s e new v a l u e s , that new s o c i e t y , that w i s e - m o r e - t h a n - b r a v e new world that i s the only a l t e r n a t i v e to rapid d e s c e n t into a v i o l e n t , r a p a c i o u s , technology-dominated j u n g l e and the f i n a l obliteration of everything that d e s e r v e s the l a b e l of 'human*. The problems of achieving that world can be solved only when, individually, we a c c e p t and a c t upon our personal r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o contribute to i t s creation." J Sanderson Deputy President of the Vegan S o c i e t y

< Would you be one of the sons of God? Would you manifest in and through yourself the Divine pity, sympathy, and l o v e ? Would you a t t a i n t o the a n g e l i c c o n d i t i o n , and minister even a s heaven ministers to y o u ? Then r e c o g n i s e your kinship to the r a c e s beneath you, and r e a l i s e your r e s p o n s i b i l i t y towards t h e m . Eat them not any more than you would your own kith and k i n . R e c o g n i s e that in many of them there i s a brother or s i s t e r soul. Know through sympathy with them how truly and k e e n l y they f e e l , and raise your v o i c e a g a i n s t the sufferings i n f l i c t e d upon them by a f a l s e science. Be to them a s you would have the Angels be to you.' Protect them with the wings of your pity, even a s you would have God spread His P r e s e n c e over you. So s h a l l you be-helped up to the Angelic.' The Divine.' To become One with God.'

, â&#x20AC;˘

J.Todd Ferrier SENECA: "If t r u e , the Pythagorean principles a s t o a b s t a i n i n g from f l e s h , f o s t e r i n n o c e n c e ; if i l l - f o u n d e d they at l e a s t t e a c h us frugality, and what l o s s have you in losing your c r u e l t y ? I merely deprive you of the food of lions and v u l t u r e s . We s h a l l r e c o v e r our sound r e a s o n only if we s h a l l s e p a r a t e o u r s e l v e s from the herd . . . the very f a c t of the approbation of the multitude i s a proof of the unsoundness of the opinion or p r a c t i c e ; let us a s k what i s b e s t - not what i s c u s t o m a r y . Let us love temperance - let us be j u s t - let us refrain from b l o o d s h e d . " GANDHI: "It i l l b e c o m e s us to invoke in our daily prayers the b l e s s i n g s of God, the c o m p a s s i o n a t e , if we in turn will not p r a c t i c e elementary c o m p a s s i o n towards our f e l l o w c r e a t u r e s . " A .SCHWEITZER: " R e v e r e n c e for life affords my fundamental principle good c o n s i s t s in maintaining, a s s i s t i n g , and enhancing l i f e , and to d e s t r o y , t o harm or to hinder l i f e i s e v i l . "

THE

POWER OF KINDNESS

I would like to talk to you about kindness and cruelty and their r e l a t i o n ship to health and d i s e a s e . F i r s t l y , let us c o n s i d e r k i n d n e s s . Kindness is an a c t u a l power which e x i s t s in us but does not appear to be part of our material body. It i s an eternal and i n v i s i b l e power, like e l e c t r i c i t y , which we c a n , and do use in our everyday l i f e . We r e c o g n i s e this power which we c a l l kindness by its Inner e f f e c t s upon our brain and mind. For e x a m p l e , if we s e e an animal in trouble, immediately we are aware of a feeling within us of the power of k i n d n e s s , by which we are led to a c t in a c o m p a s s i o n a t e manner. There i s no compulsion, and we have the a b i l i t y and freewill to decide whether we will obey this inner instruction, or d e l i b e r a t e l y ignore and a c t contrary to i t . Should we do the l a t t e r , we are guilty of c r u e l t y . Kindn e s s then, i s a positive and great power, perhaps the g r e a t e s t power that i s a v a i l a b l e for the use of m a n : When used properly it produces in the body and mind, the feeling of p e a c e , j o y and e n t h u s i a s m , a s well a s enabling us to obtain harmony with a l l our external a f f a i r s , including our relationship with other p e o p l e . The correct use of kindness i s e s s e n t i a l for continuous h a p p i n e s s . How then do we use this power to a c h i e v e t h e s e r e s u l t s ? The answer is simply to obey without argument and r a t i o n a l i s a t i o n whatever demands kindness makes upon u s . We must, however learn to distinguish between the inner v o i c e of compassion and the worldly clamour of the brain. This is n e c e s s a r y , b e c a u s e if we follow the demands of the i n t e l l e c t a l o n e , our a c t i o n s can never be kind, for r e a s o n s which I will d i s c u s s l a t e r . It i s a remarkable f a c t that man studies and o b e y s the laws of e l e c t r i c i t y , sound, gravity, radiation, e t c . , in order to gain the g r e a t e s t p o s s i b l e benefit for h i m s e l f , and yet throughout his e x i s t e n c e he h a s made little attempt to study and obey the laws underlying the correct use of the power of k i n d n e s s , yet I have no doubt that to do so would r e s u l t in such knowledge that man would c e a s e to slaughter and exploit a n i m a l s . Orthodox medicine a s we know it would c e a s e gradually. At first sight there would appear to be l i t t l e connection between cruelty and health. However, the more we consider the p o s s i b i l i t y , the more it b e c o m e s evident that there i s a very important r e l a t i o n s h i p between the two. It i s n e c e s s a r y to e s t a b l i s h what we mean by c r u e l t y , and for the purpose of t h i s talk I will define cruelty a s an a b s e n c e of k i n d n e s s . Hence it follows that any a c t of man that is influenced by hatred, c a l l o u s n e s s , -

m e a n n e s s , j e a l o u s y , a v a r i c e , r e s e n t m e n t , s p i t e , or a d e s i r e ! : . n flict suffering or pain, i s a cruel a c t , and a s a r e s u l t , g e n e r a t e s c m e l t y . The a c t does not have to be p h y s i c a l , a s this i s merely the end result of the mental a t t i t u d e , therefore we must not think of cruelty a s being c o n fined to unkind p h y s i c a l a c t i o n s . As thinking i s an a c t i v e p r o c e s s , which r e s u l t s in the generation of force - this force must have an e f f e c t on whatever it is directed a g a i n s t , whether this be living or n o n - l i v i n g . Before going any further, I would a s k you to consider the i n t e l l e c t and i n t e l l e c t u a l r e a s o n i n g , a s well a s s c i e n c e and the s c i e n t i f i c method. The i n t e l l e c t i s that part of the mind which produces a n s w e r s to everyday problems. It does t h i s by computing and analysing the information we feed into the brain from our s e n s o r y o r g a n s . I n t e l l e c t u a l or inductive reasoning i s performed s o l e l y by using this information. Such information i s nearly a l w a y s unreliable in forming correct c o n c l u s i o n s , a s it i s b a s e d on the o b s e r v a t i o n s and thoughts of o t h e r s , e . g . b o o k s , p l a y s , f i l m s , t e l e v i s i o n and c o n v e r s a t i o n , a s well a s our own imperfect o b s e r v a t i o n s . Imperfect b e c a u s e our o b s e r v a t i o n s of the material, world are almost a l w a y s coloured by our particular mood at the time, and so we give our i n t e l l e c t f a c t s perverted by our e m o t i o n s . Only when our o b s e r v a t i o n s are completely impartial and o b j e c t i v e can we provide our i n t e l l e c t s with their true working m a t e r i a l . The i n t e l l e c t i s the e x e c u t i v e of our mind, our own personal s e r v a n t , e s s e n t i a l for carrying on our daily a f f a i r s . We must be aware of the f a c t that, b e c a u s e much of the Information we give it to work on i s imperfect and d i s torted, i t s c o n c l u s i o n s are often i n c o r r e c t . The i n t e l l e c t must be treated and r e s p e c t e d a s a s e r v a n t , but never allowed to be m a s t e r . One of the g r e a t e s t dangers facing the world today i s the worship of the i n t e l l e c t and intellectual reasoning. Let us c o n s i d e r briefly s c i e n c e and the s c i e n t i f i c methods. S c i e n c e means knowledge a s c e r t a i n e d by observation and e x p e r i m e n t . The s c i e n t i f i c methods are t w o . The first i s simply the acquiring of f a c t s by o b s e r v a t i o n . ' The s e c o n d i s the formation of a hypothesis and then proving or disproving i t s validity by experimental methods. By this method, a l l the wonders of modern living have been d e v e l o p e d . There are two types of h y p o t h e s i s . The first is that formed in the mind of the s c i e n t i s t by his own e f f o r t , using only the learning he has acquired from outside s o u r c e s . The s e c o n d type of h y p o t h e s i s i s a revelation given to the mind of the s c i e n t i s t by universal mind, which may use in t h i s p r o c e s s that part of his human learning which i s necessary. This h y p o t h e s i s i s the one that should be followed by e x p e r i mental proof - the former man-made h y p o t h e s i s a l w a y s proves to be untrue. All great s c i e n t i s t s have had the humility to distinguish between the t w o . The s c i e n t i s t who l a c k s humility i s a very dangerous person and produces . for the world, f a l s e f a c t s and knowledge which lead into a v a s t wilderness

of d a r k n e s s . S c i e n t i f i c experiment based on the man-made hypothesis i s devoid of l o v e , and u s e s any method, however u s e l e s s or unkind, in an attempt to prove i t s v a l i d i t y . This f a l s e s c i e n c e i s developing into a v a s t octopus today and doing great harm. I mention the i n t e l l e c t and s c i e n c e s o that we will not be led a s t r a y by e i t h e r , in considering this matter of cruelty and h e a l t h , or any other matter we may i n v e s t i g a t e . Now let us come back to the consideration of cruelty and i t s e f f e c t s . It i s n e c e s s a r y to s e e what may happen to the doer and r e c i p i e n t . A person who c o n s c i o u s l y or u n c o n s c i o u s l y i s guilty of cruelty i s disobeying the universal law of c o m p a s s i o n , and it i s not p o s s i b l e to a c t a g a i n s t any law, either divine or human, without suffering a d v e r s e e f f e c t s . Ignorance i s no protection in contraversing this great universal l a w . A person who i s Ignorant of the danger of e l e c t r i c i t y i s not protected should he touch a live w i r e . Our bodies and minds are made up s o that we may e x p e r i e n c e l o v e , j o y , and p e a c e . If then we allow our minds and bodies to p r a c t i c e the r e v e r s e , that is c r u e l t y , we are using them wrongly and inevitably some or a l l of our t i s s u e s will depart from normal a c t i v i t y and h e n c e a d i s e a s e process is initiated. We a l l know that before acting in an unkind manner, it i s n e c e s s a r y to harden our h e a r t s . The physiology of this p r o c e s s h a s , to my knowledge, never been i n v e s t i g a t e d . Whatever may be the change brought about in the c h e m i c a l structure of our body t i s s u e s by t h i s p r o c e s s , it i s obviously detrimental to our h e a l t h . If we d e l i b e r a t e l y allow this p r o c e s s to continue d a i l y , monthly and y e a r l y , we will eventually produce such c h a n g e s in our body that it will no longer be a b l e to fulfil i t s normal functions. Joy, Love and p e a c e are experienced no more, and d i s e a s e will r e s u l t . After a while the warning p r o c e s s no longer works, or e l s e we become impervious to i t , and slowly but inexorably the body s t a r t s to d e c a y , wither and d i e . I b e l i e v e that many of the chronic degenerative d i s e a s e s that b e s e t us today are c a u s e d by this p r o c e s s and that we will not be free of them until we learn to a c t always with c o m p a s s i o n . Thus, when we look impartially at any of man's a c t i v i t y that i s not in a c c o r d a n c e with the laws of k i n d n e s s , we are slowly but inexorably led to the n e c e s s i t y of d i s a s s o c i a t i n g o u r s e l v e s from them. This change t a k e s p l a c e within us gradually, and e a c h new s t e p forward leads us nearer to the life of perfect j o y , harmony and freedom. The way of c o m p a s s i o n h a s been taught by those men and women who, throughout h i s t o r y , have a s c e n d e d to a higher degree of c o n s c i o u s n e s s than the r e s t of mankind. When we examine their t e a c h i n g s , we are aware that they are b a s e d upon universal laws and not built upon the temporary structures of human i n t e l l e c t . And when we r e c o g n i s e i t , we start on a lifelong journey towards a distant land of glory, the r e a l i t y of which is a mere s p e c k to our human perception. Frey R E l l i s , M . D . (Lond.)

President of Vegan S o c i e t y

THE

MEANING OF

LOVE

In that lovely p a s s a g e that i s to be found in the 11th chapter of I s a i a h , v e r s e s 1 - 9 , it is the l a s t v e r s e that e s p e c i a l l y touches upon a profound truth. It s a y s : "They s h a l l not hurt nor destroy in a l l my holy mountain: for the earth s h a l l be filled with the knowledge of the LORD, a s the waters cover the s e a " . The f i r s t thing to be noted about t h i s v e r s e i s that it makes a statement and then g i v e s a reason for that s t a t e m e n t . It d e s c r i b e s a result and then t e l l s us the c a u s e of that r e s u l t . It s a y s that b e c a u s e the earth will be f i l l e d with the knowledge of the LORD - b e c a u s e of that f a c t - "They s h a l l not hurt nor destroy in a l l my holy mountain". In other words, in this v e r s e we are told a s c l e a r l y a s it is p o s s i b l e to be told that when the earth is filled with the knowledge of the LORD nobody will want to hurt or destroy anything. This ideal s t a t e may seem to some of us to be very far a w a y , but it must be remembered that any i d e a l s t a t e e n v i s a g e d for a world or a nation must first be made a r e a l i t y in the l i v e s of i n d i v i d u a l s . For this world will only be perfect when i t s individual members are t h e m s e l v e s c a p a b l e of perceiving perfection at the heart of everything. Thus we are a b l e to bring this v i s i o n considerably nearer than we might imagine. We do not have to wait until there i s a perfect world in order to put into p r a c t i c e the great principles of truth and of love that are the very foundations of the kingdom of h e a v e n . . We should look a t this v e r s e again and apply it to the individual l i f e . Them we s h a l l s e e that a s soon a s an individual i s f i l l e d with the knowledge of the LORD - at that point such an individual d o e s not want to hurt or destroy anything a t a l l . He may sometimes be obliged to destroy something - but it i s not b e c a u s e of a d e s i r e on his part to do it but only b e c a u s e it s e e m s to be the only p o s s i b l e thing to d o . It has always seemed to me that this deep reverence for the r e s t of life is one of the most fundamental things in the life of the s p i r i t . I remember many years ago now John Moreton telling me that there would never be an end to war until people had stopped killing the animals for food. I thought he was going a bit far at the time. Although I myself was a vegetarian - I did not f e e l that the matter had much to do with the c e s s a t i o n of war. But John Moreton was right. When we go down deep enough into the root of things we come to this v e r s e in I s a i a h where an unerring finger i s laid upon the whole problem and where it i s c l e a r l y stated that when we are

f i l l e d with the knowledge of the LORD we do not want to hurt nor d e s t r o y . God i s love and when we are filled with the knowledge of that great love we must at the same time be f i l l e d with a deep and abiding reverence for all creation. It i s a desire that i s far deeper than thought, far wider than the compass of any human mind. It i s a d e s i r e that r e s u l t s in an interior knowing without any valid mental reason for the s a m e . It i s a desire that-is not chained to logic but i s brought about b e c a u s e of the a w a r e n e s s of the unity at the heard of c r e a t i o n . To be filled with the knowledge of the LORD i s to be f i l l e d with the knowledge of l o v e . One cannot know love by means of the mind. To know love i s to e x p e r i e n c e it. The knowledge of love must be a deep interior knowledge whereby the spirit of man meets the spirit of the LORD. When this t a k e s p l a c e , so that the love of God i s operating within the soul of man, so that the soul of man i s now sending forth a positive dynamic d e s i r e forthe good of a l l creation - how can that man want to hurt or d e s t r o y ? It i s an impossibility.' There may come a moment in his life when, b e c a u s e he can s e e no other p o s s i b i l i t y if he i s to a c t for the good of a l l , he is obliged to hurt or d e s t r o y . For i n s t a n c e , he may f e e l obliged to weed^ his garden, and a s he does so on some summer's afternoon he cannot help but be c o n s c i o u s of the uprooted weed that must now droop in the heat and die or be c a s t a s i d e to be burned on some b o n f i r e . He cannot be blind to the beauty and perfection of the little flowers that have to die j u s t b e c a u s e they are in the wrong place at the wrong t i m e . But in this very atmosphere of compassion and reverence he can find his p e a c e . I am not sure of the quotation, but I have heard it said that Albert Schweitzer h a s pointed out that a farmer may plough up a field and s t i l l be in harmony with l i f e , whereas anybody who picks a single flower in t h o u g h t l e s s n e s s or w a s t e i s out of harmony with l i f e . I think this i s very t r u e . When we are filled with the knowledge of the love of God we cannot thoughtlessly hurt or destroy other forms of l i f e . The wayside flower or the l e a v e s of the tree become holy to us and we know them to be v e s s e l s of the divine life - not to be plucked without thought and c a s t a s i d e . As to the p o s s i b i l i t y of killing the birds or animals t h o u g h t l e s s l y or for our own s e l f i s h ends - this b e c o m e s an i m p o s s i b i l i t y . Indeed it may be truly stated that such things are p o s s i b l e only when we are not filled with the knowledge of the LORD, only when we push a s i d e that knowledge and conveniently forget i t . It is for this reason that if in any country such a s Britain men and women had to k i l l their own animals in order to obtain their meat - then I would unhesitatingly suggest that 95% of them would become vegetarians.' Very few people indeed would be prepared to take the life of another creature in order to eat i t . And of those who were s o prepared, very few would be a b l e to continue doing so for long.

To be filled with the knowledge of the LORD i s to be f i l l e d with an a l l embracing love that t a k e s in the r e s t of l i f e . It i s a love that s e e s deep down into the heart of the u n i v e r s e , a love that can make one individual at one with another, a b l e to f e e l a s another f e e l s , and to s e e with the e y e s of another. It i s a mysterious power b e c a u s e it is not confined to i n d i v i d u a l s . It i s a love that looks out and e n t e r s into the being of a c r e a t u r e , f e e l s a s the creatures f e e l s and s e e s a s the creature s e e s . Or it i s a love that e n t e r s into the herbs that grow, the t r e e s , the roots of t h i n g s . It i s not a blind love that m i s s e s imperfections altogether or that s e e s a struggling world, that does not miss the pain and the d a r k n e s s , the m i s t a k e s and the i f o l l i e s of those that struggle towards the light - but it i s a love that a t the same time s e e s the light to which things move and longs to l i f t up a l l t r a v e l l e r s into that l i g h t . That i s what love i s - a d e s i r e to help e a c h other part of creation into i t s true fulfilment and into the a w a r e n e s s of the knowledge and the glory of the LORD. And that i s why those who are t h e m s e l v e s filled with the knowledge of the LORD cannot hurt nor destroy t h o u g h t l e s s l y or n e e d l e s s l y . They live to b l e s s and to heal and to r e s t o r e , and it i s the operation of such l i v e s that will bring p e a c e on the earth and show us the kind of world to which I s a i a h refers. , â&#x20AC;&#x17E; ... Derek Neville Having come upon some Brahmin priests offering s a c r i f i c e in the p r e s e n c e of the King, he remonstrated with them to grand e f f e c t : "But Buddha softly s a i d . 'Let him not s t r i k e , great King." and therewith l o o s e d The v i c t i m ' s b o n d s , none staying him, so great His p r e s e n c e w a s . Then, craving l e a v e he spake Of life which a l l can take but none c a n g i v e . Life which a l l c r e a t u r e s love and strive to k e e p , Wonderful, dear, and p l e a s a n t unto e a c h , Given to the meanest; y e a , a boon to a l l Where pity i s ; for pity makes the world Soft t o the weak and noble for the strong Unto the dumb lips of his f l o c k he lent Sad, pleading words, showing how man, who prays For mercy to the G o d s , i s m e r c i l e s s . . . .None may lay Upon the brow of i n n o c e n t , bound b e a s t s One h a i r ' s weight of the answer a l l must give For a l l things done a m i s s or wrongfully. Alone - e a c h for himself - reckoning with The fixed arithmetic of the U n i v e r s e , Which meteth good for good and i l l for i l l . Measure for m e a s u r e , unto d e e d s , words, t h o u g h t s . " Sir Edwin Arnold "The Light of A s i a "

ANNUAL REPORT The past y e a r h a s b e e n one of s t e a d y growth and d e v e l o p m e n t . The C o u n c i l h a s met r e g u l a r l y e a c h month under the c h a i r m a n s h i p of Eva B a t t , e n j o y i n g , a s for many y e a r s , the u s e of the Nature Cure C l i n i c p r e m i s e s in London. In March Veda F a r r e l l retired from the C o u n c i l for p e r s o n a l reasons. The C o u n c i l a p p r e c i a t e s her continued work a s Literature S e c r e tary. G r a c e Smith who h a s s e r v e d the S o c i e t y s o w e l l a s Treasurer for many y e a r s h a s b e e n f e e l i n g the s t r a i n of the growing w o r k . In July Linda E m p t a g e , who h a s b e e n doing the work of j o u r n a l d i s t r i b u t i o n s o e f f i c i e n t l y and who, with her husband Barry, i s s o committed to Animal W e l f a r e work, w a s appointed to a s s i s t G r a c e S m i t h . Now s h e i s willing to t a k e the p o s i t i o n of Treasurer and s e t G r a c e f r e e to r e t i r e . The C o u n c i l i s very happy to learn that G r a c e i s willing to stand a g a i n for C o u n c i l and i s glad to t a k e t h i s opportunity to thank her for devoted work through the y e a r s . During the f i r s t part of the year the C o u n c i l w a s much e x e r c i s e d in trying to meet the growing demands on the S o c i e t y with i t s very limited r e s o u r c e s . S e v e r a l g e n e r o u s d o n a t i o n s t h e n ' c u l m i n a t e d in one t h a t , by p a s t s t a n d a r d s , w a s very l a r g e . The donor who w i s h e s to remain anonymous i s c o n c e r n e d t h a t the money should be used to r e l i e v e a n i m a l suffering and r e c o g n i s e s that the Vegan S o c i e t y i s the only body that i s c o n s i s t e n t in i t s e f f o r t s to work a g a i n s t a^l a n i m a l e x p l o i t a t i o n . The C o u n c i l d e c i d e d to u s e some of t h e money to help c o m p l e t e t h e r e s e a r c h work (done on human v o l u n t e e r s ) by Dr Frey E l l i s which h a s done s o much to improve the s t a t u s of veganism. The r e s t h a s been i n v e s t e d and it i s planned to u s e the i n t e r e s t to l a u n c h an e d u c a t i o n a l c a m p a i g n . There i s much e v i d e n c e that there are many people in t h i s country and throughout the world who are now ready to respond to our message if o n l y we c a n r e a c h t h e m . There are many more who are unhappy about the p r e s e n t s t a t e of the world and m a n ' s r u t h l e s s e x p l o i t a t i o n of it who would be ready to respond if t h e y had the f a c t s that we c a n g i v e t h e m . The C o u n c i l plans to u s e i t s i n c r e a s e d r e s o u r c e s to r e a c h a s many people a s e f f e c t i v e l y a s p o s s i b l e . It i s only when " a l l human b e i n g s have b e c o m e human b e i n g s " that c r u e l t y to a n i m a l s w i l l s t o p . The S e c r e t a r y h a s for the p a s t y e a r been working full time for a very s m a l l remuneration and did not want t h i s arrangement a l t e r e d but s h e g l a d l y a c c e p t e d the idea of paid c l e r i c a l a s s i s t a n c e to free her from some of the routine d u t i e s s o that she could do the n e c e s s a r y background reading and writing that would be required to implement the C o u n c i l ' s p l a n s . Accordingly Mrs Yvonne W e b b e r was appointed for c l e r i c a l d u t i e s for three d a y s w e e k l y . Plans for an overhaul of our literature and p u b l i c a t i o n s s o a s to present a s c o m p l e t e and a s w e l l - s u b s t a n t i a t e d a c a s e a s p o s s i b l e a r e now going a h e a d . You will s e e some r e s u l t s on our literature t a b l e . Such m a t e r i a l s are but bare b o n e s only c a p a b l e of springing into life if t h e y are t a k e n up and used by c o n c e r n e d p e o p l e . The overiding need in a pioneer S o c i e t y s u c h a s ours

i s committed people who, having been b l e s s e d with the v i s i o n of a new way of living, are prepared to give priority to the t a s k of spreading that v i s i o n . ' The-Vegan S o c i e t y has a l w a y s had such p e o p l e . Their labours through the past twenty-nine years have created a vantage point from which we can leap forward. We need them more than ever now to implement and support our new d r i v e . Some have been a c t i v e in various ways during the past year. Eva Batt has crowned many years of devoted work for the S o c i e t y by, this year, producing the first major publication - a vegan cookery book complete with a d v i c e on nutrition and many i n c e n t i v e s to adopt the vegan way of l i f e . As one reader commented " I t ' s outstanding quality is t h a t by following the r e c i p e s a person could jump right from f l e s h eating into v e g a n i s m " . Written with that vitality and economy of word which we have come to e x p e c t from Eva, it r e v e a l s that rare combination of sound common s e n s e and unswerving loyalty to high i d e a l s on which the forwarding of veganism d e p e n d s . Some of us have had g l i m p s e s but none but Eva knows the amount of work that went into i t s production and the many v i c i s s i t u d e s that were met before it was published j u s t in time for the Edinburgh May M e e t i n g s . Orders have been most encouraging and we are hoping for i n c r e a s e d s a l e s a s people send for further c o p i e s to give a s Christmas p r e s e n t s . Eva was interviewed on the radio about the book and it has r e c e i v e d much complimentary n o t i c e in the p r e s s . Other workers must be mentioned by name although we know that there are many who must be left o u t . Wilfred Crone and his f e l l o w workers in the Bournemouth area are examples to us a l l . Ever s i n c e J a c k Sanderson went down j u s t after E a s t e r to launch the Bournemouth Branch of the Vegan Society our members there have worked continuously to make vegan principles and p r a c t i c e s known to people of the a r e a , t h e r e have been poster p a r a d e s , l e a f l e t s distributed, publicity in the p r e s s , meetings and a Radio 'Phone-In Programme that kept people ringing up for over an hour to ply Wilfred Crone and Harry Mather with q u e s t i o n s - and a good j o b they made of answering them too.' In Cornwall, Terry Cox and his wife and Christopher Shilling have been doing similar good work in the Cornish Vegetarian and Vegan S o c i e t y which was started on C h r i s t o p h e r ' s i n i t i a t i v e in January. Other people have supported meetings well in the London area - in Leatherhead where Jim Pym spoke on and Therese McCormick demonstrated yoga in February; in Purley at Serena C o l e ' s house where Ronnie Lee spoke on Hunt Saboteurs; at the Garden Party in Leatherhead in June and at Friends H o u s e , Euston on 13th October when L e s l i e C r o s s , founder of the piantmilk S o c i e t y , spoke on the "Milk of Human K i n d n e s s " .

Eva Batt and Tony W i l l i a m s were a b l e to be a c t i v e at the Vegetarian S o c i e t y ' s May M e e t i n g s in Edinburgh but none of the Council was a b l e to go to Sweden for the International Vegetarian U n i o n ' s C o n g r e s s . They determine to a c h i e v e a good presence next t i m e . We were fortunate to have Christopher F e t t e s to represent u s , our report was read and literature d i s t r i b u t e d . lay Dinshah was there,and of c o u r s e the devoted and apparently indefatigueable S e c r e t a r y of the International Vegetarian Union was there with h i s wife and two children - a l l v e g a n s . Brian Gunn King and Margaret a l s o find time to s e r v e the vegan c a u s e in many ways in Northern Ireland. The AnLmals Fair was very well supported by vegans and proved to be an o c c a s i o n not only of raising money and making useful c o n t a c t s with animal lovers who should be with u s , but a l s o of real fellowship among the workers. Dr E l l i s , President of the S o c i e t y , Dr W o k e s , one of our V i c e - P r e s i d e n t s , and William Wright, the Naturopath have been ready a s ever to give freely of their p r o f e s s i o n a l knowledge to a d v i s e on queries sent in to the s e c r e t a r y by members. "The Vegan" - Donald Scott gave great s e r v i c e to the Vegan S o c i e t y in producing three i s s u e s of the "Vegan" p r a c t i c a l l y s i n g l e - h a n d e d (we must not forget his w i f e ' s h e l p ) . It proved impossible to sustain t h i s output s o , regretfully, new printers had to be found for the Summer e d i t i o n . Printing c o s t s are rising at an enormous rate s o we were p l e a s e d to find printers who were willing to produce the book by the cheaper direct image p r o c e s s . a n d in Leatherhead, near the S e c r e t a r y ' s home, thus saving time and p o s t a g e . To give the magazine a more a t t r a c t i v e appearance to nonmembers and a d v e r t i s e r s , Mr Greaves agreed to produce the c o v e r . The system s e e m s to be working well; the l a s t three i s s u e s have been produced well on time and have attracted favourable comment and more orders from Health S t o r e s . We are happy to say that Donald Scott h a s now taken on the advertising work again and we hope that this will r e l i e v e the pressure on the S o c i e t y ' s r e s o u r c e s . A growing number of our members are young. The Y . V . S . now numbers over 1 2 0 . Their Annual Report will be read by their new S e c r e t a r y , Robert C o l b y . More and more young parents are deciding to bring up their children a s Vegans. To help them, the S o c i e t y has produced a booklet giving the e x p e r i e n c e s of ten vegan mothers. It will be supplemented shortly by a summary of the r e s e a r c h into vegan pregnancies and the health of vegan children carried out in r e c e n t years by Dr E l l i s and his colleagues. It i s hoped to make this booklet widely a v a i l a b l e to p a r e n t s , Health V i s i t o r s , C l i n i c s and H o s p i t a l s . News is frequently coming in of young people and others - e t h i c a l l y impelled - adopting the vegan way of l i f e with very l i t t l e understanding of the principles of nutrition. It i s of great importance for their own health and for the reputation of veganism that they be c o n t a c t e d and given advantage of the e x p e r i e n c e of the twenty-nine years of the Vegan S o c i e t y .

Now the S o c i e t y prepares for i t s thirtieth y e a r . Never h a s the need for veganism been s o o b v i o u s . By showing o u r s e l v e s c a p a b l e of putting f o r ward a l o g i c a l , well informed and well balanced c a s e and by demonstrating healthy and joyful l i v e s of s e r v i c e , we can do much to bring forward the day when animals are relieved of the sufferings of the farm, factory farm, and slaughter house and when men can live according to their true natures a s guardians of the weak and h e l p l e s s , worshippers of the good and beautiful and v e h i c l e s of the c r e a t i v e impulses of the u n i v e r s e . K.J.

PAST & FUTURE

MEETINGS

Extraordinary General M e e t i n g , 13th October W e l l over fifty people attended the meeting at Friends H o u s e , Euston Road. Grace Smith, the Treasurer, presented the Accounts for the year 1 9 7 2 - 7 3 and a p o l o g i s e d o n c e again for the misunderstanding which had prevented their being considered at the 1972 A . G . M . They are s e t out on the following p a g e . Their adoption was moved by Karl Farrell and seconded by Serena C o l e s , and carried unanimously. J a c k Sanderson, in the Chair, then introduced L e s l i e C r o s s , the founder of the Plant Milk S o c i e t y , a s one of the key people who had started the Vegan S o c i e t y twenty nine y e a r s a g o . L e s l i e Smith referring to the early days of the S o c i e t y said that one of the f a c t o r s that hindered the growth of the Vegan S o c i e t y had been the a b s e n c e of an a l t e r n a t i v e to dairy milk and of a non-animal source of B ^ ' Early v e g a n s , unable to t a k e c o w s ' milk b e c a u s e they r e c o g n i s e d it a s the end result of suffering and violent d e a t h , made do without milk or substituted home-made blends of nuts and soya and w a t e r . These lacked B â&#x20AC;&#x17E; and some early v e g a n s b e c a m e i l l and many would-be vegans were frightened o f f . L e s l i e C r o s s f e l t moved to work for the production of a humane milk a l t e r n a t i v e . Many v i c i s s i t u d e s were lived through before h i s o b j e c t i v e was a c h i e v e d and Plantmilk, under the l e g a l l y a c c e p t a b l e name ' P l a m i l ' , was marketed in 1 9 6 5 . It was being used by b a b i e s , children and adults who were a l l e r g i c to animal milk, by diet reformers and the l o g i c a l l y minded who regarded it a s a better food for human consumption and by t h o s e who found d i s t a s t e f u l the killing and the hurtful exploitation i n s e p a r a b l e from dairy farming. It was not sold widely enough to pay for the c o s t of production s o the Plantmilk S o c i e t y had to promote other products. In c l o s i n g , L e s l i e C r o s s emphasised the importance for man's evolution of freeing himself from "the r e s t r i c t i n g c o n f i n e s of a s l a v e owning economy and a s l a v e owning m e n t a l i t y " .

D i s c u s s i o n followed in the course of which Arthur Ling of Plantmilk Ltd. explained the difficulty he was having in contending with ever rising c o s t s in raw materials like soya and sunflower o i l in f u e l , packaging and p o s t a g e . All the time they had to compete with animal milks' privileged support by the Government. He appealed for a c t i o n on the part of v e g a n s to persuade the Government to grant c o n c e s s i o n s to those who wanted to use the Plamil a l t e r n a t i v e . He hoped that t h i s could come up at the A . G . M . Arthur Ling a l s o spoke of the Plantmilk Company's d e s i r e to build up a s t a f f of committed vegans and a s k e d any who were i n t e r e s t e d to write and offer their s k i l l s . S o c i a l at Enfield, 11th November On Sunday, 11th November, over twenty adults and s e v e n children e n j o y e d e a c h o t h e r ' s company and d e l i c i o u s vegan food at the home of Eva Batt, Chairman of the Vegan C o u n c i l . It was decided to form a North London and District Branch of the Vegan S o c i e t y and Myra Kelly, , Southgate, London, N . 1 4 . ' , agreed to be S e c r e t a r y . Joan Bray offered her home: Londpn,' N. 1 3 . , a s a meeting p l a c e on Sunday, 20th January at 2 . 3 0 p . m . It was agreed that the tape of the 'Phone-In Programme' of the Solent area during which two vegans had answered many q u e s t i o n s should be played a s a stimulus to d i s c u s s i o n .

A.G.M. THIS SATURDAY It i s hoped that t h i s Journal will be in your hands e a r l i e r t h i s winter, in time to remind you of the A . G . M . being held on 13th December at 2 . 3 0 p . m . in the Restaurant of Friends' House opposite Euston main line s t a t i o n . Do come and make your contribution to launching a new year of growth and activity. Just your p r e s e n c e to encourage others will help.' There will be new publications on show, an "Any Q u e s t i o n s " p a n e l , and time to talk and get t o know e a c h other over t e a . Eva Batt, Joan Bray, L e s l i e C r o s s , and J a c k Sanderson will serve on the p a n e l . THIRTIETH ANNIVERSARY A . G . M . and PARTY November 16th 2 . 3 0 - 9 . 0 0 p . m . The Friends' House restaurant has been booked well ahead for our thirtieth birthday c e l e b r a t i o n s . P l e a s e book the date now and begin thinking of i d e a s for the programme.

C o n t a c t from Luton area : Ronnie L e e ,

, Luton, B e d s .

YOUNG VEGANS SECTION

SECRETARY'S

REPOR

The last year hasaeen our membership i n c r e a s e from 50 to 1 2 0 . Eight committee meetings have been held at which much d i s c u s s i o n has taken place a s to what we should do. About one s o c i a l event has been held e a c h month - some, like the weekends at Kathleen J a n n a w a y ' s , have been well attended, and others not s o . . We helped Dr Frank Wokes reorganise his library one weekend. We have talked about producing a newsletter and issuing it to members. We have talked about revising our "Veganism Is In" l e a f l e t , but haven't done i t . Where are we g o i n g ? What are we trying to a c h i e v e ? Some young vegans think the committee is a c l o s e d shop and too involved with formalities rather than a c t i o n . I am sorry we give the impression of being a ' c l o s e d shop'; we aren't.' But something must be wrong to give that impression. This committee may not have been a hive of a c t i o n , but we h a v e n ' t been inundated with ideas from outside either.' However, what's past is p a s t . There is a brand new untouched year a h e a d . What are we going to do? Firstly, we must do our b e s t to ensure that a s individuals we are good examples of v e g a n s . This makes us sound like prize exhibits and - in a way - we a r e . It is the way we can show that the vegan way of life is a good way. Secondly, we must go out to people in a spirit of love and peace and t e l l them the way animals are treated in the production of food, clothing, c o s m e t i c s , e t c . , and then tell them of the vegan a l t e r n a t i v e s . We can talk to r e l a t i v e s , friends and a c q u a i n t a n c e s , but often they are the l e a s t r e c e p t i v e . As individuals we can form organisations concerned with animal welfare and help animals directly a s well a s maybe by influencing the other members. But what can we do a s a group to lead people towards a more wholly compassionate way of l i f e ? One very good way of getting the message a c r o s s i s to have a s t a l l at f e t e s , b a z a a r s , county shows, and the l i k e . An attractive s t a l l with vegan food, literature, e t c . , and some happy smilibg f a c e s behind can attract attention a s the one at the animal fair d o e s , and it would be worthwhile trying to extend this into l e s s sympathetic a r e a s . I t ' s hard work for the o r g a n i s e r s , but can be very s a t i s f y i n g . If you have any ideas for anything, the YVS can do, or want some help in doing something badly, then let me know and the committee will try and co-ordinate the ideas and give a s much help as possible. Next year the S o c i e t y c e l e b r a t e s its 30th anniversary. Let us go out to people in a spirit of love and compassion and put veganism on the map

of people's h e a r t s . "We r e a l l y t r i e d " .

Let us be a b l e In a y e a r ' s time to look.back and s a y BOR COLBY

Saturday, 22nd December at 2 . 3 0 p . m . M e e t at M i c h a e l M o t t ' s f l a t : , Tottenham, London, N . 1 7 , for an afternoon a c t i v i t y to be arranged and at 7 . 3 0 p . m . for a party. NEWS OF MEMBERS We are happy to announce the, engagement of Dilys C l u e r , life vegan and t e a c h e r of c l a s s i c s to John Wood, vegan and t e a c h e r of m u s i c . Dilys i s the daughter of Alan and Mabel Cluer, well-known v e g a n s ; a c t i v e in the Food and Cookery Section of the Vegetarian S o c i e t y , and John-Wood i s now editor of the Youth Page in the " V e g e t a r i a n " . COOKERY COURSE The Vegan C o u n c i l are considering the p o s s i b i l i t y of sponsoring a cookery c o u r s e in February and March of next y e a r . The organiser and demonstrator will be Mabel Cluer, vegan of many y e a r s ' standing, and S e c r e t a r y of the Food and Cookery S e c t i o n of the Vegetarian S o c i e t y . A convenient meeting p l a c e in the South W e s t London area i s being s o u g h t . Will everybody who i s interested p l e a s e write to Mabel C l u e r , , Raynes Park, London S W 2 0 , 9 E A . I.V.U. WINNERS:

1st 2nd 3rd

EMBLEM

COMPETITION.

Mr Edwin Grava (formerly of Latvia - now in Toronto) $ 1 5 0 . 0 0 (USA). - Mrs Gaile V Campbeir(Vancoiiver, Canada) - $ 1 0 0 . 0 0 - Mr Bruno Nascimben (Italy) - $ 5 0 . 0 0 .

SIGNED : B J Gunn-King (Honorary General Secretary-IVU) DATE : October 1 9 7 3 . "International Vegetarian U n i o n " , " B r a i d j u l e " , 120 Knockan Road, BROUGHSHANE, C o . Antrim, N.IRELAND, U . K . BT43 7LE. PET FOODS What about writing to various producers of Vegan foods and suggesting that they produce a Vegan pet food ?

ANNUAL ACCOUNTS INCOME & EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR YEAR TO 30th SEPTEMBER 1972 ' Income Donations Subscriptions & Covenants Meetings Animal Fair Income Tax Recovered Dividends & I n t e r e s t on Deposit Profit on Investments Realised Badges (profit on s a l e s ) Legacy

£ 394.92 711.48 4.00 33.23 10.16 17.19 124.45 5.19 100.37 1,400.99

Expenditure Secretarial Salaries P o s t a g e , Stationery & Telephone Advertising & Propaganda The Vegan:Printing C o s t s ( l e s s : Income - S a l e s Advertising

233.83 245.66 196.94

375.01 57.79 128.46

Donations Sundries Literature: Expenditure l e s s r e c e i p t s (Including ' s h o p p e r ' s guide and food guide") Balance being e x c e s s of income over expenditure

186.25

188.76 17.00 20.19 31.95 934.33 466.66 1,400.99

MEMBERSHIP I am c o n s t a n t l y hearing of v e g a n s who are not members of the S o c i e t y . We would very much value their support. Their subscription (small enough at £ 1 . 2 5 - and the S o c i e t y i s a l w a y s willing to c o n s i d e r reductions) i s valuable to help our publicity drive and to pay for the " V e g a n " . The ' l a t t e r o n c e a g a i n c o s t s c o n s i d e r a b l y above i t s s a l e price to produce. •

1 9 7 1 - 2 BALANCE SHEET AS AT 30th SEPTEMBER 1 9 7 2 .

Accumulated Fund As at 1st October 1971 Add: E x c e s s of Income for the year

1 ,342.74 466.66

1,809.40

Assets Office Equipment Investments at Cost (Market Value 1 7 . 1 1 . 7 2 - ÂŁ 6 3 8 . 2 0 ) S t o c k s at C o s t .

38.50 1,020.87

Literature & Badges

Cash at Bank Current Account Deposit Account

106.00

289.50 354.53

644.03 1,809.40

I have prepared the foregoing accounts and certify that they are drawn up so a s to exhibit a true and correct view of the s t a t e of the above Charity a s shown by the b o o k s . T Leacock. Chartered Accountant 17th November 1 9 7 2 . Gloucester M a n s i o n s , Cambridge C i r c u s , LONDON W C 2 .

FESTIVE FARE The r e c i p e s for complete Christmas dinners, cooked and unfired, and party treats which appeared in l a s t winter's "Vegan" can be had from the Secretary in l e a f l e t form, price 7 p . post f r e e . 1Q

WITH CHRISTMAS AND COMPASSION IN MIND - THE IDEAL GIFT WILL BE A COPY OF:

WHAT'S COOKING

ev ABATT

A FEW EXTRACTS FROM MANY LETTERS OF APPRECIATION "My daughter, who i s only t e n , cooked us a d e l i c i o u s evening meal using r e c i p e s from your book ' W h a t ' s C o o k i n g ? 1 . She h a s s i n c e made c a k e s and b i s c u i t s from it most s u c c e s s f u l l y . " "I congratulate you on ' W h a t ' s C o o k i n g ? ' s o many of the r e c i p e s are quite unusual - I think it i s the very b e s t cookery book I have ever s e e n and that i s saying a l o t . I am sure many v e g e t a r i a n s will welcome the delightful vegan r e c i p e s and be helped by them on to the l o g i c a l "next step'." "Mrs Batt is to be congratulated on an e x c e l l e n t a c h i e v e m e n t . . . not only a well-produced book (with humour to leaven.') but a much needed one a s well". " I t s outstanding quality i s that by following the r e c i p e s a person could jump from f l e s h eating to a vegan d i e t . " The unique cookery book which shows how to prepare nourishing. e c o n omical meals without the use of meat, e g g s , milk or c h e e s e • WHAT'S COOKING? would be an a s s e t in any kitchen with i t s a t t r a c t i v e c o v e r , b u i l t - i n durability, l a y - f l a t binding and simple e a s y - t o - f o l l o w directions. £ 1 . 2 5 plus 2 0 p . for postage and packing from: The S e c r e t a r y , The VEGAN SOCIETY, (Dept. V 1), 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey. Alternatively - autographed c o p i e s may be obtained from Mrs Batt at 123 Baker S t r e e t , Enfield, Middx.

P l e a s e supply the book "WHAT'S COOKING?" for which I e n c l o s e my c h e q u e / Postal Order for £ 1 . 4 5 to include postage and p a c k i n g . Date Name Address Bookshops & Health Food Stores Supplied. Write for t e r m s .

REARGUARD

ACTION

"From a p e s s i m i s t i c point of view the future may be with the v e g e t a r i a n s but there i s good reason for the omnivore to fight a strong rear guard action". "Modern Developments 1 in Animal Breeding" Lerner & Donald. "It i s reported that the p r a c t i c e of feeding dried poultry waste i s i n c r e a s i n g rapidly in England. The next decade may well s e e us a l l eating meat and drinking our daily " p i n t a " produced from various animal w a s t e products". Ballymeena Observer June 28th 1 9 7 3 . " . . . a rapidly growing number (of dairy farmers) are ' c u s h i o n i n g ' thems e l v e s a g a i n s t s k y - h i g h protein prices by replacing part or a l l of the protein in their parlour rations with liquid urea which h a s r e c e n t l y been a s little a s one quarter of the c o s t of soyabean meal per unit of crude protein" . Dairy Farmer October 1973 "Bear a l s o in mind that urea should be fed in only limited amounts b e c a u s e of i t s potential t o x i c i t y at high l e v e l s of i n t a k e . " Dairy Farmer October 1973 B r u c e l l o s i s (communicable to man a s undulant fever) "Ever s i n c e it became i l l e g a l to s e l l infected animals in the market, other than for k i l l i n g , it h a s remained simple for the farmer to have a private blood t e s t with confidential r e s u l t s . He has then b e e n . a b l e to d i s p o s e of infected animals in whatever manner he c h o s e - and where the price differential between a milking cow and a barren cow i s considerable,,moral r e s p o n s i b i l i t y has not always been a priority.'" Vet. Notebook Dairy Farmer October 1973 Farmers in Northumberland trying out. Charolais bulls on s u c k l e r c o w s have run into calving d i f f i c u l t i e s . A lot of people are continuing to manage their cows a s if they are calving to a little b l a c k b u l l . In c a s e s of calving difficulty it i s now more economic to think of a ÂŁ30 c a e s a r i a n operation rather than apply extreme traction at c a l v i n g . Farmers W e e k l y 29.6.73 (In plain E n g l i s h , by c r o s s i n g milking cows with large bulls to produce c a l v e s that make more b e e f , the poor cow has too large a c a l f to give birth t o . )

PHONE-IN David Freeman of BBC Radio Solent (based on Southampton) having heard of veganism on a "certain t e l e v i s i o n programme" (perhaps the Philpott File Series) approached the Vegan Society Secretary for someone to interview on a " C a l l In" programme. Mrs Jannaway put him in touch with the Bournemouth Branch, and so the l o c a l Secretary, Wilfred Crone, a s s i s t e d by Harry Mather, found themselves early one morning (4th September) at the Southampton studios ready to answer questions " l i v e " . The interviewer did put us very much at e a s e and was sympathetic to our i d e a s , but having carefully studied the literature sent to him, asked most searching questions. The questions a s k e d by the public 'phoning in were a l s o most intelligent and showed a genuine interest in the s u b j e c t . Although there was more than an hour of a c t u a l question time, many more c a l l s were received than could be answered. The producers were themselves impressed by the s u c c e s s of the programme and commented that there were more questions from men than usual for the programme. There was a question on whether any c l i n i c a l t e s t s had been made to prove our diet favourable for c a s e s of rheumatoid a r t h r i t i s . Another c a l l e r , a vegetarian, 'phoned to s a y that diet had alleviated arthritis in several members of her family. We were a s k e d whether we wore leather or wool and what would be the place of animals in our scheme of things (sheep need to be shorn); if the plant kingdom produces a l l that is n e c e s s a r y why do vegans take B ^ supplements (we pointed out that B ^ i s not n e c e s s a r i l y lacking among vegans who take no supplement); what happens to b a b i e s who cannot be breast fed; does the diet a f f e c t virility; had we heard the latest -*that peanuts can c a u s e cancer; are we a g a i n s t a l c o h o l or tea; one lady wanted to know what to cook for her vegetarian friend (so we mentioned Eva Batt's 'What's C o o k i n g ' ) . We even took along a can of Plamil which was tasted on the programme, but not judged very p a l a t a b l e . The most searching question was perhaps whether c l o t h e s of p l a s t i c materials being non bio-degradable would c a u s e environmental problems. Someone actually came up with a "substitute honey" made from parsley and sugar. The recipe i s a s follows: Take about 4 o z . of parsley and boil in p t s . of water for 20 mins. until 1 pint of liquid is l e f t , strain, boll with 1 l b . of sugar (we suggested brown sugar), add 1 dessertspoonful of vinegar. Boil until it looks like c l e a r honey. Seal a t o n c e . Does not keep l o n g . H Mather *

fungus which grows on improperly stored peanuts has been a s s o c i a t e d with c a n c e r .

GROWING SOYA BEANS The seed should not be sown before about m i d - M a y . In heavy s o i l the s e e d should be placed 1" deep, in light s o i l 2 " d e e p . S e e d s should be spaced about 3" apart in the r o w s . Rows should be kept short - 3 6 " , and should be s e t about 9 " to 1 2 " a p a r t . By this method you c r e a t e a soybean growing area of square or oblong s h a p e . This method e n a b l e s the plants to make better u s e of our indifferent light c o n d i t i o n s . The barriers to soybean production are light, warmth, moisture. The Swedish v a r i e t y , FISKEBY V ORIGINAL, is tolerant of our long summer-day length, and has the inherited a b i l i t y to continue to produce and s e t flowers at temperatures well below the b i o l o g i c a l minimum for s o y b e a n s in g e n e r a l . This is 17 to 18 degrees Centigrade. Even in the finest of summers in Britain, the mean temperature - averaged over 24 hours - will always f a l l below 1 7 - 1 8 C during part of the month of July (the flowering period for soybean) and this happened at E a s t M o l e s e y in 1973 for at l e a s t half the period. It did not a f f e c t FISKEBY V ORIGINAL and some of our Asian v a r i e t i e s , but it did put the brake on many of the forty v a r i e t i e s grown this y e a r . To compensate for inability to produce f l o w e r s , the plants make extra l e a v e s and branches whilst waiting for better temperatures. If they do not occur- a s in 1972 - the end r e s u l t i s a beautiful sturdy bush full of nothing. The o b j e c t i v e i s to produce a s i n g l e stem plant with i t s pods from bottom to top. The c l o s e seeding mentioned above e n a b l e s this to happen BUT it needs a great deal of moisture to a c h i e v e f i r s t - c l a s s r e s u l t s BECAUSE you are growing a great many plants in a small p i e c e of s o i l . Soybeans can cope with drought a s w e l l , or b e t t e r , than most p l a n t s . In their native Asian habitat they get long periods of heat interspersed with short violent rain s t o r m s . Up until the plants start to flower you have no problems. The s o i l has not thoroughly warmed up and the plants are not making e x c e s s i v e demands upon the moisture in the s o i l . From a mid-May seeding the plants will start to flower by early J u l y . The length of the flowering period i s about 30 to 35 d a y s . IF the s o i l i s dry at this time it is e s s e n t i a l to give the ground a r e a l good long soaking a shower from nature, or a t r i c k l e from you is of a b s o l u t e l y no v a l u e . It must be a thorough s o a k i n g . IF the s e a s o n remains dry this soaking can be repeated at intervals to ensure the s o i l does not dry o u t . As the s e a s o n p r o g r e s s e s the soybean

plant t a k e s i t s moisture from a greater depth and mulching will help to k e e p the ground from drying out too q u i c k l y . During i t s e a r l y life the plant has been storing food in i t s stems and l e a v e s . This h a s to be transferred to the s o - c a l l e d ' s t o r a g e s i t e s ' - i . e . the s e e d s in the p o d s . It t a k e s moisture to c r e a t e the storage s i t e s and it a l s o needs moisture t o fatten the s e e d . The barrier to a s u c c e s s f u l and worth-while yield i s MOISTURE' Provide a s u f f i c i e n c y of moisture and you are in business. S o y b e a n s r e a c h the green bean s t a g e during August and will ripen and mature in the month of September. The l e a v e s shrivel and f a l l , the s t e m s become brittle and the pods change from green to a dark tan c o l o u r . When t h i s happens you will have grown and ripened the soybean at a latitude way above the a c c e p t e d s a f e - l i n e for s o y b e a n s . The soybean is the first tool in the Survival Tool-Kit for the western world. If i t s growing i s not extended further to the north in the near future the o u t look w i l l be b l e a k . ^ R G Whisker = I regret that we have no more s e e d t o send o u t . Write to Thompson & M o r g a n ' s , S e e d s m e n , London Road, Ipswich 1P2 OBA, Suffolk, and mention The Vegan S o c i e t y . ^ .j THE NEXT VEGAN - SPRING 1973 This i s s u e will be largely given over to the important s u b j e c t of "Growing Our F o o d " . Contributions and q u e r i e s , hints and a c c o u n t s of p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e s will be welcomed by the Secretary - before 1st February p l e a s e . ' PLUTARCH: "Man makes use of f l e s h not out of want and n e c e s s i t y , s e e i n g that he h a s the liberty to make his c h o i c e of herbs and f r u i t s , the plenty of which is i n e x h a u s t i b l e ; but out of luxury, and being c l o y e d with n e c e s s a r i e s , he s e e k s after impure and inconvenient d i e t , purchased by the slaughter of living b e i n g s ; by showing himself more cruel than the most s a v a g e of wild b e a s t s . " {from " E s s a y on F l e s h E a t i n g " )

OVID:"Ungrateful and unworthy of the fruits of the e a r t h , that man could his own farm labourer s l a y , and smite with the a x e that toil-worn neck that had s o oft renewed for him the f a c e of the hard earth; s o many h a r v e s t s g i v e n . ' " (referring to ' o x ' ) .

PUBLICATIONS "Plant Foods for M a n " This new international quarterly journal of original s c i e n t i f i c papers and reviews on plant foods and related t o p i c s which are of i n t e r e s t in human nutrition will be welcomed by a l l t h o s e who are concerned that the value of plant foods should be widely r e c o g n i s e d and s u b s t a n t i a t e d by r e s e a r c h . The editors are Dr Frey E l l i s , of Kingston H o s p i t a l and Professor J . W . T . D i c k e r s o n , D e p t . of Biochemistry, University of Surrey. The first volume now a v a i l a b l e from.the publisher, Newman Books L t d . , 48 Poland S t r e e t , London W 1 V 4 P P , h a s e s p e c i a l l y interesting and t o p i c a l a r t i c l e s on dietary fibre and refined c a r b o h y d r a t e s . Subscription r a t e s are £ 4 . 5 0 ( £ 5 . 0 0 o v e r s e a s ) for private s u b s c r i b e r s and £ 8 . 5 0 ( £ 9 . 5 0 o v e r s e a s ) for l i b r a r i e s , organisations e t c . The Leader f o l l o w s : "As the world's population grows, the problem of malnutrition grows with it - in the l e s s affluent countries the situation i s a l r e a d y a c u t e but even in the wealthier countries the lower income groups c a n only afford meat or f i s h once or twice a w e e k . Plants o f f e r , at worst some r e l i e f from, at b e s t a solution to, this problem. Plant f o o d s , if fed d i r e c t l y to man rather than after processing through a n i m a l s , can i n c r e a s e the yield per a c r e by up to ten f o l d . Soya b e a n s , for e x a m p l e , yield seven times a s much amino a c i d per a c r e a s milk production and eight times a s much a s egg production. For a l l their impressive e f f i c i e n c y , animals cannot yield more protein and energy per a c r e than the plants they t h e m s e l v e s c o n s u m e . Should we not c o n s i d e r relegating a n i m a l s to graze in a r e a s where foods for humans do not thrive - s h e e p to the S c o t t i s h highlands for e x a m p l e , and concentrate on exploiting the 'green revolution' and 'the year of the soya bean'? In some c o u n t r i e s , where the production of plant foods i s already being i n c r e a s e d , the storage of the foods p r e s e n t s a real problem. Storage conditions must' be carefully studied in order that the food s h a l l be of good nutritive v a l u e . The e f f e c t s of storage conditions on vitamins are of particular importance. C o s t s must be a l s o considered for the c o s t of water to produce a pound of / b e e f for i n s t a n c e , may be t w e n t y - f i v e t i m e s that required to produce a. pound of v e g e t a b l e s . Which i s preferable, in the e n d , must depend on similar production and distribution c o s t s , the nutritive value of rival foods and whether dietary and a e s t h e t i c n e e d s are a d e q u a t e l y s a t i s f i e d .

We need to know much more about the role of dietary fibre in human nutrition. It appears to have an e f f e c t on the absorption of other nutrients and indirectly a f f e c t s the metabolism and excretion of other s u b s t a n c e s in the large i n t e s t i n e . The possible importance of this non-nutrient material and its relationship to the aetiology of human d i s e a s e i s possibly only beginning to be e l u c i d a t e d . Many plant foods contain potentially t o x i c compounds - trypsin inhibitors and haemaglutinens in soya b e a n s , for example, must be inactivated, at present generally by h e a t . ' Mycotoxins , such a s aflotaxin in ground nuts, pose questions which must be answered before some vegetable foods can be a c c e p t e d without r e s e r v a t i o n s . How many plant foods, particularly the l e s s studied tropical foods which could be grown rapidly in prolific y i e l d s , have serious drawbacks, such a s cyanide or goitrogenic s u b s t a n c e s in some c a s s a v a phenotypes? Other potentially t o x i c compounds however, and their metabolic e f f e c t s , are dealt with by s p e c i a l systems of chemical defence within the body. Production of a whole new range of processed plant foods such a s texturised vegetable protein (TVP), soya and other v e g e t a b l e s , milks, and protein from micro-organisms (SCP), is steadily i n c r e a s i n g . New technological d i s c o v e r i e s make it probable that such foods will e s t a b l i s h an important place in the human diet and they may even become the major foodstuff for a large proportion of the human population. Their nutritional e f f e c t on man must therefore be studied i n t e n s i v e l y . Even today some TVP is already being consumed by the peoples of western nations and its use may well i n c r e a s e if the c o s t of meat continues to r i s e . Plant Foods for Man will publish papers dealing withdl a s p e c t s of plant foods which can be consumed by man. Original work, reviews and s p e c i a l a r t i c l e s will a l l be welcome, and emphasis will be given to papers reporting the results of original r e s e a r c h , or which review c r i t i c a l l y information dispersed through the literature of several s p e c i a l i t i e s . The editors hope to interest a wide range of d i s c i p l i n e s from the o u t s e t , and will always be glad to consider comments from their r e a d e r s . .

The Health of Vegans"by Frey R Ellis & V M E Montegriffo This s c i e n t i f i c paper originally published in "Plant Foods for Human Nutrition", Vol. 2, 1 9 7 0 , Editor, Frank W o k e s , has now been reproduced and can be obtained from the Vegan S o c i e t y price 2 5 p . post f r e e . Further papers on the Health of Vegan Children and on Vegan pregnancies will be published in the New Year.

QUALITAS PLANTARUM - PLANT FOODS. FOR HUMAN NUTRITION This international nutritional journal is the first to be published in more than one language and contains English and German in equal proportions. The attempt to merge Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, published by Pergamon P r e s s , Oxford, for the Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre In 1 9 6 8 , with the older Qualitas Plantarum Et Materiae Vegetabiles first published by Dr W Junk of the Hague over twenty years e a r l i e r , is a bold undertaking deserving s u c c e s s which the first results shown in this volume promise early a c h i e v e m e n t . Since September 2 1 , 1 9 7 3 , when it first appeared in Germany, congratulations have been received from many countries. Its gay cover, with a motif of a blue sky shining on growing p l a n t s , is appearing on more and more b o o k s h e l v e s , providing a stimulating example of international co-operation . The contributors come from different countries in the Old and New Worlds and deal with such s u b j e c t s a s potassium in plants coping with e x c e s s sodium in animal foods, food plants in relation to standards of living and d i s e a s e s o f c i v i l i z a t i o n , changes induced by grafting , e f f e c t s of pesticide residues and i n s e c t i c i d e s , flavonoids and vitamin P, minerals and vitamins in greenhouse plants, lignin in turnips, trypsin inhibitors in broad b e a n s , cultivation conditions and their e f f e c t on food plants, studies on selenium on Venezuelan children, the e f f e c t of vegetable f a t s on human lipid metabolism, e r u c i c a c i d , linolenic acid and g l u c o s i n o l a t e s _ in r a p e s e e d , protein in some legumes with reference to environmental factors and nutritional v a l u e , ripening of fruit in regard to free aminoa c i d s , values of Swiss fruit and vegetable j u i c e s , contamination of c e r e a l s by radioactive fallout and other industrial pollutants, nutritional a s p e c t s of wheat breeding, the quality of c e r e a l (proteins for the plant breeder's viewpoint). (Some of the t i t l e s of the contributions have been summarized to save s p a c e ) . The Editor in C h i e f , Professor Schphan, Director of the Federal Research Institute of Plant Production at Geisenheim/Rhine, and Professor of Applied Botany, University of M a i n s , obtained most of the papers summarized above from a conference of the International Association for Quality Research on Food Plants In Berlin on October 4th, 1 9 7 2 . He has now arranged to publish a l l the papers read at the Man/Food Equation Symposium.** I attended this symposium with my c o l l e a g u e . M i s s Mary Ranwell, Secretary to the Editorial Board of the Journal, Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, where we listened to a l l of the papers and took part in the d i s c u s s i o n . . â&#x20AC;˘ My c o l l e a g u e s and I welcome the widespread interest that is being taken in the use of plant foods for human consumption, e s p e c i a l l y in making

27 * * This will occupy about 200 pages in the new Journal

1 more food a v a i l a b l e for the l e s s developed countries where many millions are s t a r v i n g . This can be prevented by people in the more developed countries reducing their consumption of animal and refined foods r e s p o n s i b l e for the d i s e a s e of c i v i l i z a t i o n , and aggravating the tragedy through the w a s t e f u l production of animal foods which yield only a tenth of the nutrients in the plant foods fed to them. Frank W o k e s , - From whom further information can be o b t a i n e d .

1 Ellwood G a r d e n s , GARSTON, WATFORD, Herts.

Vegan Mothers and Children" Many parents are now wanting to bring up their children a s v e g a n s . To help them the Vegan S o c i e t y have published a booklet composed of a r t i c l e s by ten vegan mothers describing their e x p e r i e n c e s . There i s a foreword emphasising important points and a t a b l e showing the main vegan s o u r c e s of e s s e n t i a l n u t r i e n t s . Some of the a r t i c l e s have, already appeared in "The V e g a n " . In the a r t i c l e "Waving a vegan tsaoy in war Time" by Ruth Howard which was printed in the Autumn 1972 Vegan there were three m i s t a k e s for which the Secretary t a k e s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y and offers her a p o l o g i e s . Those wishing to correct their c o p i e s s h o u l d : - 1) D e l e t e the first "a t r a c e o f " . 2) D e l e t e "Vitamin A & D t a b l e t s " . 3) Change s i x months to four y e a r s . Parents' Handbook of Breastfeeding and Plant Foods by F r a n c e s Howard This l i t t l e b o o k l e t , the fruit of much reading and c o n s i d e r a b l e experiment with her own two c h i l d r e n , can be obtained from the author, 38 Hampden Road, Hltchin, H e r t s , for 13p. post f r e e . Many parents are finding it very interesting and useful. "The C i v i l i s e d Alternative" by Jon Wynne Tyson Obtainable from The Vegan S o c i e t y , 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, price E l . 5 0 . "If we do not learn how to d e f l e c t the course of our violent a c q u i s i t i v e s o c i e t y , we s h a l l destroy not only our surroundings but o u r s e l v e s . Merely to "drop out' is a negative g e s t u r e . We must be prepared to contribute towards a better pattern - a c i v i l i s e d a l t e r n a t i v e " . Thus writes the author, a member of the Vegan S o c i e t y , and his book i s a contribution to that learning and that pattern. "Famous Trees of Bible Lands" (h H G r e a v e s , 1 0 6 - 1 1 0 Lordship Lane, London S E 2 2 , Price ÂŁ 2 . 7 0 post f r e e } Many will put t h i s book a s a f i r s t c h o i c e for Christmas p r e s e n t s . Once again Richard St Barbe Baker s t a t e s his claim that the Earth needs replacement of its l o s t f o r e s t s on a s c a l e hitherto undreamed o f , so that water and f e r t i l i t y may return to i t s s o i l and the air be purified. As a l w a y s , the author not only r e v e a l s the world's needs but i n s p i r e s us with the strength to play our part in meeting t h e m .

"Schweitzer Hero of Africa"

G Robert Payne

In the e v e n i n g s , after praying with his mother, he would add his own s i l e n t prayer for a l l living c r e a t u r e s : " D e a r God, protect and b l e s s a l l things that breathe", guard them from a l l e v i l and let them s l e e p in p e a c e " . . . Ehrfurcht vor dem L e b e n . Reverence for L i f e . Ehrfurcht means more than "reverence". It has overtones of awe and shuddering wonder, and great blessedness. Before God a man may a b a s e himself in holy a w e . A man may humble himself before the infinite s p a c e s of the firmament. So should a man humble himself before the e v e r - p r e s e n t miracle.of l i f e . Let him regard the miracle with reverential fear and wonder., and let him never c e a s e regarding it in this way, for a l l life is the v e h i c l e of the power of G o d . ' . . A man who p o s s e s s e s an entire veneration and awe of life will not simply s a y his prayers: he will throw himself into the b a t t l e to preserve l i f e , if for no other reason than that he i s himself an e x t e n s i o n of the l i f e around him, life being so holy and every man being part of this h o l i n e s s . A man r e j o i c i n g in that veneration for life i s therefore led "into an unrest such a s the world does not know, but he o b t a i n s from it a b l e s s e d n e s s which the world cannot g i v e " . And if his t a s k is harder, b e c a u s e he a s s u m e s such huge r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s , the rewards are g r e a t e r , for t h o s e who help to preserve life and heal wounds and diminish pain come to know the d e e p e s t h a p p i n e s s known to men.

"Small is Beautiful" by E F Schumacher, Blond and Briggs, ÂŁ 3 . 2 5 Much of this book could have been written a s a contribution to the theme "Towards a Vegan Blueprint for S u r v i v a l " . Although it f a l l s short of v e g a n i s m , it will help many vegans to clarify their thinking about the wider implications of their way of l i f e . The sub-title of the book i s "a study of e c o n o m i c s a s if people m a t t e r e d " . A Professor of Economics with a distinguished c a r e e r both in England and abroad, the author writes with admirable clarity and freedom from jargon and dogma. The book is a c h a l l e n g e to t h o s e a r c h - p r i e s t s of the f a l s e religion of materialism who with "profit" and "growth" a s their battle c r i e s , menace a l l l i f e . How to Enjoy Your W e e d s by Audrey Wynne Hatfield 9 0 p . Frederick M u l l e r . A f a s c i n a t i n g book not only b e c a u s e it e n a b l e s i t s readers to make d e l e c t a b l e and health giving additions to their diet for nothing but b e c a u s e of the i n t e n s e l y - i n t e r e s t i n g t h e o r i e s it expounds about the e f f e c t s plants have on e a c h other and the ways in which the gardener can make use of t h e s e in his craft . Enhanced by c l e a r scraper-board i l l u s t r a t i o n s , it would make a most a c c e p t a b l e Christmas p r e s e n t . KJ.

READERS' LETTERS

Northants. 20th August 1973 (too late) Dear Madam,

The question of a Vegan "Blueprint for Survival" r a i s e s two interesting but quite separate points which I have not s e e n mentioned in 'The Vegan 1 j It i s argued by E F Schumacher in his book "Small i s Beautiful" and e l s e where that what t h r e a t e n s the world's natural r e s o u r c e s i s not the population e x p l o s i o n but the enormous and growing material consumption (and w a s t e ) of the people in rich countries like our own. The r i s e in material standard of living in the countries of the W e s t has depleted the non-renewable r e s o u r c e s of the world far more than the great i n c r e a s e in population in the third world. It follows from this that if we are not tc e x h a u s t the s u p p l i e s of energy and metal ores it i s e s s e n t i a l that the rich - and that means you and me - d e c l a r e that they have enough and do not want any further r i s e in their material standard of living of the kind that i n v o l v e s i n c r e a s e d use of non-renewable r e s o u r c e s . Vegans are in a better position to do t h i s b e c a u s e they have already of their own volition reduced their demand for goods which most other people in their own vicinity consider e s s e n t i a l - costly foods. On the other hand, Vegans are in another way clamoring for more use of non-renewable r e s o u r c e s a s a result of o b j e c t i n g to the use of leather and wool, both of which are r e n e w a b l e . All man-made f i b r e s e x c e p t rayon are made from o i l - m i n e r a l o i l , or possibly c o a l . So are a l l p l a s t i c s including Porvair and Corfam. Regarding leather there i s not a lot we can do, e x c e p t promote r e s e a r c h into finding a way of making a leather substitute from v e g e t a b l e materials and u s i n g , wherever p o s s i b l e , c o t t o n , rayon, or rubber i n s t e a d of Porvair Corfam or p l a s t i c . The question of wool, however, should, I think, be re-examined. There are many examples in nature of two creatures being dependent on one another to the benefit of both ( s y m b i o s i s ) . E . g . there are in some countries birds which live with c a t t l e eating only the p a r a s i t e s in their hair. Cannot man make use of sheep without being p a r a s i t i c ? They provide us with w o o l . We provide them with food, s h e l t e r , medical treatment, protection from predators. At present, we exploit the s h e e p . We handle them roughly at c a s t r a t i o n and s h e a r i n g , we a l l o w too many to graze a given area so that many starve if there i s drought. We kill them when they become middle-aged and don't grow wool a s f a s t a s young o n e s

But none of this exploitation i s n e c e s s a r y , except to keep the price down. If we treated the sheep a s fellow creatures should be treated we could s t i l l have wool, though a t , s a y , two or three times i t s present p r i c e . That sounds a lot, but wool prices at the auctions fluctuate widely a s it i s . Most wool-bearing sheep graze a r e a s too poor for growing food. Castration may well be unacceptable to most vegans even if it i s carried out with great care and with a n a s t h e s i a . However, that is not a sufficient reason for abandoning the idea of keeping s h e e p . It may well be possible to breed for lack of f i e r c e n e s s in males, or there may be some other way of overcoming the d i f f i c u l t y . In short, I believe we must explore the p o s s i b i l i t y of living in partnership with a n i m a l s , in place of the policy of "separate development" (apartheid) which seems to be the corollary of veganism today. Yours faithfully, lames Haigh. 29th September 1973 The Editor, Shoe Leather Philosophy P l e a s e

, Surrey.

Dear Sir, I have a pile of non-leather shoes c o l l e c t e d over many y e a r s . If I wear any of them for a s long a s an hour, I have to throw them off and put on pure a l l - l e a t h e r (unlined) s h o e s . For long country rambles requiring b o o t s , the prospect of wearing a non-leather product is daunting indeed. Could it be that it is a natural thing for man to wear leather shoes; and that if the world's population had stayed a t a s e n s i b l e 200 million (of Roman times) there would have been enough leather from animals dying naturally to provide shoes for everyone; or i s this being s i l l y ? Perhaps there is a natural non-leather material (be it some kind of bark, straw, cork, raffia, flexible wood) which, unknown to u s , has been used e x t e n s i v e l y for making comfortable s h o e s . But presumably no such material e x i s t s , otherwise modern industry would hardly be spending so much on the curious unnatural concoctions which it keeps coming up with. Yours faithfully, M W Saunders Monday, 15th October Live and Let Live - Veganism - The Truth - The Way and The Light Man, was put on this Earth - to live a life of Worth; to Help one another, both his Sister and his Brother, whether Black or White, to live in Peace and not to fight. God Made enough for Man's Need not for his greed. He gave us the Herbs of the f i e l d , the Seeds of the ground, the fruit upon the t r e e , the Animals to Roam F r e e . He, made, the Birds and the Bees to Fly around and to be f r e e . . â&#x20AC;&#x17E;. 31 Alan Young

SHOPPING WITH EVA Correction I should like to thank the observant readers who have written in to point out that California Revival m u e s l i , listed a s vegan in the l a s t Vegan, c o n t a i n s honey. I a p o l o g i s e for the error, the mistake was to a c c e p t the a s s u r a n c e of the supplier "I confirm that California Revival is entirely of ingredients derived from v e g e t a b l e s o u r c e s " without f i r s t checking the packet. Do write to manufacturers whenever in doubt about any product - and p l e a s e let us s e e their r e p l y . Continue to read l a b e l s c a r e f u l l y , even if the a r t i c l e h a s been mentioned in the Vegan. Other Letters Mrs Fifi Graham, who has the DEVA Health Food Store in F o l k e s t o n e adds: The following are v e g a n : - Lima's Kaleoh baby c e r e a l , Tahin and M i s o , Harmony's M i s o and Rice c r e a m , and Holle organic baby food. All are not only vegan but nutritionally to be recommended. Osem Soups Mushroom Soup Mix and Vegetable Soup Mix are v e g a n . small c u b e s three to a p a c k e t .

These come in

Biscuits Osem lemon flavoured sandwich cream b i s c u i t s contain no animal ingredients (although white flour and sugar i s involved). Crawfords Butter Puffs. Fruit Tulce The Delilah range of Lock woods unsweetened natural fruit j u i c e s contain no sugar or other a d d i t i v e s and the only p r o c e s s i n g involved i s p a s t e u risation. Chocolate S u c h a r d ' s Bittra T a b l e t , Crispy Mint Range, Velma T a b l e t s ' - small and l a r g e , and Ginger Tablet are a l l v e g a n . TOILETRIES Cleansers We are p l e a s e d to bring to your n o t i c e the natural products in the 'WOLO' Son d'Or range: W a s h Cream, Wash Bar (the lanolin content previously in this h a s now been discontinued), Bran Cream, Wild Flower Bath, H a y flower Bath, Pine Bath. These products are a l l entirely v e g e t a b l e , have not been t e s t e d on animals and a non-animal f i x a t i v e i s used for the perfume. The colours are from v e g e t a b l e d y e s . I have tried the Son

d'Or Bran Wash Cream and Hayflower Bath (Graminflor) and found them extremely p l e a s a n t to u s e . Q'RE Cucumber Astringent and the Orange Skin Tonic in the ' C o s m e t i c s from Nature' range are v e g a n . The other Q'RE t o i l e t r i e s contain either honey or b e e s w a x . * Q'RE I s pronounced Kirry. W e l e d a M a s s a g e Balm i s entirely vegan a s are 'Eucalyptol' and ' P e e l of Orange' shampoos from Shadier Ltd. These are coconut o i l b a s e d , contain no animal product whatever, nor are they t e s t e d on a n i m a l s . The manufacturer t e l l s us that b e c a u s e of their deep y e t gentle c l e a n s i n g a c t i o n they are particularly recommended for d o g s . Perfume Of the Coty Sweet Earth Fragrances only Wild Musk I s free of animal content. It i s unfortunate that the name s u g g e s t s animal f i x a t i v e s . ' Perfume o i l s and Floral e s s e n c e s from Perfume Garden O i l s are a l l vegan and free of animal t e s t i n g . Keeping Warm The Thermodactyl fibre used for the Da mart range of underwear garments h a s been t e s t e d by the Shirley Institute and found t o 'retain more warmth than w o o l ' . I have used t h i s underwear in the worst weather and found it most s a t i s f a c t o r y . Household The Vileda range of c a r and window cleaning c l o t h s are v e g a n . Paint Brushes The Addis 'Flextron' d e c o r a t o r ' s brushes c a n be added to your l i s t of vegan paint b r u s h e s . They come in s i z e s from 1 " N o . 2 1 0 8 ( 2 8 p . e a c h ) through 4 " No. 2 4 0 8 (93p. e a c h ) .

Footwear I am very glad to s e e that Portland S h o e s are continuing their l a c e - u p walking shoe 'Sarah' this winter. This e x c e l l e n t l a d i e s shoe h a s a poro— marie upper, s e n s i b l e E f i t t i n g , low (1/8") h e e l and microcellular s o l e . Available in s i z e s 2 - 9 s o should suit anyone seeking comfortable, hardwearing protection in the months a h e a d , Black N o . 6 3 5 0 , Brown N o . 6 3 5 1 £6.50. Marks & Spencer have introduced a stout walking shoe with heavier s o l e for winter w e a r . The number i s 6 0 6 / 9 0 0 6 in s e v e r a l c o l o u r s , cushion lining and heel. £ 2 . 2 0 . No. 60/11.09, another one of the good o n e s from M & S, are s t i l l a v a i l a b l e .

The following l i s t of winter s h o e s for men and women from the 'K' Shoe Shops or 'K' a g e n t s should be helpful to members: For Men: Ask for K Ralnmasters in s t y l e s : ' S h i p m a t e ' , 'Pennant 1 , ' H a w s e r ' , ' C u t t e r ' , ' M i z z e n ' , 'Troop', 'Commodore', ' R i g g e r ' .

'Mainsail'

For Ladies In the Lady X range: ' R a c h a e l ' , 'Hannah', ' R o s a n n a ' , 'Andrea'. M i s s K range: ' T h e l m a ' , ' L u c i l l a ' . Skips range: ' S p r u c e ' , ' S o n y a ' , ' S o l a r ' , ' S h a r i ' , 'Spree' - (5828H and 5828N o n l y . Other numbers in the Spree s t y l e are in s u e d e ) , ' S p a c e ' , 'Snoopy'. ' S u z e t t e ' , ' S a n c h o ' . Middies range: ' P o l o n a i s e ' , ' J u n i p e r ' , ' Velma', "Pipkin 1 . Shophounds range: ' D i a b l o ' , ' D i n o ' , ' Z a r a k ' , ' C a i r o ' , ' S u d a n ' , ' S a n t o s ' , 'Vivaldi'. Watch, for a further and even longer l i s t of K s h o e s for spring and summer in the March i s s u e of The Vegan and remember that the manufacturers, M e s s r s Somervell Brothers L t d . , of Netherfield, Kendal, Westmorland, welcome enquiries and will gladly give anyone further p a r t i c u l a r s . The British Leather Federation, regretting the c o n s i d e r a b l e progress which has been made by firms replacing leather with s y n t h e t i c a l t e r n a t i v e s in their s h o e s , are planning a strong drive to mount a TV campaign for animal l e a t h e r . Should the r e s u l t be that a l l ' r e a l ' leather goods will carry the leathermark in future, our task of identifying non-leather goods will be made much easier. At the moment n o n - l e a t h e r s h o e s are plentiful but difficult to identify. We are warned to e x p e c t a s c a r c i t y of PVC and other p l a s t i c s in 1975 due, among other t h i n g s , to a n t i - p o l l u t i o n programmes and a growing demand. We can hardly o b j e c t to either of t h e s e , but it will mean that the e a s i n g position we have e n j o y e d the l a s t couple of years i s l i k e l y to.be reversed" for a w h i l e . Quote from the Shoe & Leather News, 27th September 1973: "As to EVA, no supply problem i s e n v i s a g e d and use will be i n c r e a s i n g " . - This EVA, I should e x p l a i n , i s one of the simulated l e a t h e r s used for soling b e c a u s e it i s c h e a p and tough. Oh w e l l , that puts someone in their p l a c e ; right at the bottom of things.'

3Âť4

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS RATE : l p . per word - min. 2 5 p . P l e a s e send c a s h with order to The Vegan Advertisement O f f i c e , S h o a r n ' s , Belchalwell, Blandford, D o r s e t . When replying to Advertisers p l e a s e always mention The Vegan. KILLING FOR PLEASURE - Don't let them get away with it.' Help save animals from the hunt.' Non-violent direct a c t i o n . Money and a c t i v i s t s needed. Hunt Saboteurs A s s o c i a t i o n , 11.Brunswick Road, Kingston-on-Thames, Surrey KT2 6BS. SLAUGHTER OF THE INNOCENTS - July 1973 - Gunmen murder over 300 baby s e a l s in the W a s h . We vow to do our b e s t to prevent next y e a r ' s massacre. Non-violent intervention planned. Funds urgently needed. Save Our S e a l s , 65 Lower Thrift Street, Northampton. THE VEGANIC ASSOCIATION - promotes the growing of v e g e t a b l e s , fruits, c e r e a l s and nuts by the purest and e a s i e s t method. Membership ÂŁ1.00. 28 Cambridge Ten-ace, Dun Laoghaire, C o . Dublin, Ireland. AHIMSA (Bimonthly magazine) - Veganism, natural living, n o n - v i o l e n c e , organ of The American Vegan S o c i e t y . Annual subscription $ 3 . 0 0 or ÂŁ1.25. W r i t e for free sample, book l i s t , information: The American Vegan S o c i e t y , P . O . Box H, M a l a g a , New J e r s e y 0 8 3 2 8 , U . S . A . VOLUNTEERS FOR RESEARCH URGENTLY REQUIRED It has been suggested by a well-known nutritionist that it is not possible for man to live on a diet which does not contain long chain phospholipids which are only found in foods of animal origin. Other authorities claim that the human body, in particular the brain, can s y n t h e s i s e and elongate fatty a c i d s i t s e l f . The latter suggestion appears to be confirmed by the experience of vegans who have maintained a good standard of health for decades and by the healthy development of the children reared on the vegan d i e t . An investigation into the matter Is being conducted by Dr Frey Ellis and T Sanders, B . S c . at Kingston H o s p i t a l . Levels of phospholipids, lipoprotein, e s s e n t i a l fatty a c i d s , trigylcerides and cholesterol in blood and depot fat are to be measured in a number of v e g a n s , v e g e t a r i a n s , and omnivores. Volunteers aged 1 8 - 7 0 who have been vegan for at l e a s t three years are urgently required for this important r e s e a r c h . Only one v i s i t to Kingston Hospital will be n e c e s s a r y . Anyone willing to c o - o p e r a t e in this i n v e s tigation a s a volunteer should write t o : Dr Frey E l l i s , Department of Pathology, 37 Coombe Road, KINGSTON-UPON-THAMES, SURREY.

HOTELS AND GUEST HOUSES CORNWALL - " W O O D C O T E " , The S a l t i n g s , L e l a n t , S t . I v e s . Overlooking Hayle E s t u a r y . C . H . & H & C in a l l r o o m s . We take pleasure in catering for V e g a n s . Mr John & M i s s Hazel B l a c k a l l e r . T e l . Hayle 3 1 4 7 . DEVON - ILFRACOMBE. 'Fairwynds Vegetarian Guest House offers healthful holidays with natural whole f o o d s . Compost grown produce, home b a k i n g . Vegans w e l c o m e . Elizabeth Burton. V . C . A . Member. T e l . 2 0 8 5 . DORSET - WEYMOUTH, Vegetarian and Vegan f a m i l i e s w e l c o m e d . S . A . E . p l e a s e to: Mrs C o x , , Weymouth. T e l . Preston 2 4 0 2 . LAKE DISTRICT - ORCHARD HOUSE, Borrowdale Road, K e s w i c k . Small Vegetarian Guest House In good centre for walking, e t c . , lovely views from the b a c k . Home baking and some home grown produce. M i s s Delia R y a l l . T e l . Keswick 7 2 8 3 0 . MONMOUTHSHIRE - MEDHOPE. in the beautiful Lower Wye V a l l e y . Own market garden and fruit farm provide Living Food - abundant, varied, d e l i c i o u s s a l a d s and fruit, nuts e t c . No c h e m i c a l s - no cooking e i t h e r , and no t r a f f i c s o u n d s . New Age Centre for v i t a l l i v i n g : Director: Harold Wood ( F . C . A . ) , " M e d h o p e " , Tintern, Mon.NP6 7NX. T e l . 0 2 9 . 1 8 . 2 5 3 ( V . C . Mem). SURREY - CHERTSEY, Thames V a l l e y , between Hampton Court and Windsor. Bed, b r e a k f a s t , or B . B . and Evening M e a l for Vegetarians and V e g a n s . Compost Grown Produce. Home Baking. Mrs Young, , Tel. 64425. PERTHSHIRE - BROOK LINN, C a l l a n d e r . Vegetarian & Vegan meals c a r e fully-prepared and a t t r a c t i v e l y s e r v e d . Comfortable G u e s t H o u s e . Near T r o s s a c h s and W e s t e r n Highlands. Mrs Muriel C h o f f i n . T e l . Callander 3 0 1 0 3 (STD 0 8 7 7 ) . FOR UP-TO-DATE LIST of Vegetarian G u e s t Houses and Restaurants p l e a s e send stamp to Secretary of Vegetarian Catering A s s o c i a t i o n - Kathleen Keleny, Coombe Lodge, W o o t o n - u n d e r - E d g e , G l o s . ACCOMMODATION DUBROVNIK - YUGOSLAVIA. New Vegan offers accommodation in old c o t t a g e . Self contained pavilion (furnished) a l s o a v a i l a b l e . 1 0 0 - 2 0 0 Dinars d a i l y . Guest willing to help with c h o r e s reduced r a t e s . Box 1 0 1 , Vegan O f f i c e , B e l c h a l w e l l , Blandford, D o r s e t .

mm 25 NORTH ROAD, BRIGHTON Telephone 63563 For a full range of natural and organic foods: Nuts and dried fruit Our own muesli base and mix Fresh stoneground flour (ground on the premises) Whole grain cereals Beans, lentils and pulses A wide variety of compost grown vegetables Natural teas, coffees and juices Home made peanut butter Soyabean products (Miso soyabean paste and natural soysauce) Seaweeds High quality cooking oils Books and magazines Natural perfumes, soaps, shampoos etc.

Come along and see us in our new shop or send for price list A L L PRODUCTS A V A I L A B L E IN BULK

To the best of our knowledge we a r e the onlyproducers of PURE A P P L E JUICE in the Country made from ORGANICALLY GROWN UNSPRAYED A P P L E S with NO ADDED CHEMICALS or PRESERVATIVES. We crush as we pick - no cold storage - no loss of flavour. And we supply nearly 500 shops all over the UK (50 in London alone). We can supply your Health Shop - ask them. Or you direct by British Road Services. Enquiries to:THE CYDER HOUSE, Aspall Hall, Stowmarket, Suffolk

GARDENERS! Since, its introduction three years ago our V. G. (Veganic) compost fertilizer has become widely established amongst animal lovers and vegetarians It is a 1 0 0 % organic compost and is

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Olbas...

THE PURE PLANT REMEDY | A BOON TO SUFFERERS' Olbas >s a u n i q u e blend of potent plant oils (called " e s s e n t i a l " oils). It is effective in so many different ways. W h e n inhaled Its i n f l u e n c e on the respiratory tract quickly s h o w s itself by clearing catarrhal and b r o n c h i a l c o n g e s t i o n , freeing the nasal and b r o n c h i a l passages and clearing the head. A p p l i e d to the skin it penetrates deeply giving a c o m f o r t a b l e feeling of w a r m t h w h i c h helps to s o o t h e away the miserable pains of rheumatic c o n d i t i o n s , neuralgia, pleurisy and b r o n c h i t i s . Used as a gargle Olbas Oil is a great b o o n to sufferers f r o m sore throat, loss of voice and laryngitis. 2 or 3 d r o p s on a s p o o n f u l of honey will relieve t r o u b l e s o m e c o u g h s . In so many ways, Olbas Oil—the Potent Plant Remedy—can be a b o o n to sufferers f r o m so many t h i n g s . A v a i l a b l e at your health food store price 63p for a 28 ml phial, and 28p for a 10 ml phuil.

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