VEFF 1-2025

VEFF//25 VEFF – THE DNV EMPLOYEE ASSOCIATION VEFF MAGAZINE 2025

Astrid Helene Rusås Kristoffersen

Group Director Research & Development TRANSFORMATION GENIUSES, NUCLEAR PROGRAMS, AUTOMATION EFFICIENCY

PETTER GJØRVAD Director Performance and Assurance Solutions

I EDITORIAL I

The VEFF magazine is produced by employees in DNV and sponsored by VEFF union, which is a union for DNV employees. © VEFF 1–2025 Editor: Nina Ivarsen Front cover photo: DNV Brand Central Back cover photo: Nina Ivarsen Design and print: Aksell

STRATEGIC POWER OF HOPE

Hope doesn’t just imagine a better future; it helps you build one NINA IVARSEN, CHAIR OF VEFF This year’s SMC (Senior Management Council) meeting was at the beginning of January, and many topics were about geopolitical development in the world and the impact it has on our business. There were also topics around cyber security and quantum computing.

One topic I was particularly excited about was the discussions around nuclear energy. Here, Astrid Kristoffersen, Group Director Research & Development had invited Ted Lind to the SMC. He comes from Sweden energy and previous Secretary General Swedish Atomic Forum.

n, Chair Nina Ivarse vall Ek i Foto: Kar

VEFF.

There was a session around the transformation of healthcare, which was exciting and a good strategy learning session, as well as a late section on AI in the Maritime sector.

Last but not least, Gro Gotteberg, Chief People Officer and Professor Jean-Francois Manzoni from IMD introduced a presentation on resilient leadership, thriving in an unpredictable world.

My editorial is inspired by Professor Jean-Francois Manzoni’s lecture, and I have chosen to write about optimism and hope.

Shaping futures with optimism in a world that is continuously evolving, where change seems to come at breakneck speed and uncertainty lurks around every corner, the power of hope stands out as one of the most significant, yet frequently

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underestimated, forces that influences individuals, communities, and organizations throughout the globe. Hope transcends being a mere transient emotion; it emerges as an indispensable strategic asset that has the potential to not only drive positive outcomes but also to cultivate resilience in the face of adversity and difficulty. By exploring and understanding how to effectively harness and nurture this profound strategic power of hope, we open the door to remarkable transformations that can impact countless lives for the better.

Hope doesn’t just imagine a better future; it helps you build one.

At its core, hope can be understood as the unwavering belief that positive outcomes are within reach and that individuals possess the agency to influence the trajectory of their futures. This optimistic mindset empowers people to dream of a better tomorrow, instilling within them the motivation and relentless determination necessary to pursue their ambitions, no matter the obstacles they may face along the way.

Hope creates a robust psychological framework that enables both individuals and groups to maintain focus, energy, and enthusiasm, even during the most challenging of times.

Hope serves as a formidable motivator, inspiring individuals to persist against the odds. When people genuinely believe that their hard work and dedication can lead to meaningful and positive change, they are much more likely to invest their time, energy, and resources into their pursuits.

I CONTENTS I

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E DI T O R I AL 2

Strategic power of hope

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Transformation Geniuses – The Architects of a Brighter Future

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Nuclear fuels can decarbonize shipping

10 Nuclear Programs in Europe and the Nordic countries - 13 mini articles

Creating a Vision for the Future By nurturing hope, individuals and organizations can develop a clear and compelling vision of what success looks like for them. This forward-thinking vision empowers people to align their actions with their long-term goals, thereby guiding more strategic decision-making within organizations. Companies and entities that cultivate a hopeful mindset often find themselves better positioned to attract top talent and valuable resources, as individuals are naturally drawn to visions that inspire, uplift, and promise a better future.

Hopeful individuals work hard and think broadly. A recent meta-study of more than 11,000 employees found that hope was correlated with

waste today

The path to success is seldom free of obstacles and setbacks. Hope acts as a formidable protective factor, shielding individuals from the crippling effects that failure and disappointment can often instigate.

When confronted with challenges, those imbued with hope possess the remarkable ability to reframe setbacks as temporary hurdles rather than insurmountable walls.

This resilience equips us with the agility to bounce back swiftly and recalibrate their strategies, ultimately leading to even greater successes down the line.

19 Meeting the Norwegian Ambassador to Finland, Wegger Chr. Strømme

21 Finland then and now 23 The Finnish working life model STTK meet President Antti Palola

24 Our Employees Don’t Just Want a Job

26 Redesign and automation efficiency

Encouraging Collaboration and Team Cohesion Hope is remarkably contagious.

When team members share a collective hopeful outlook, it cultivates a supportive and collaborative environment that nurtures creativity and innovation. Teams that exemplify hope are more likely to engage in open communication, share resources generously, and wholeheartedly work together toward achieving common goals.

This shared optimism fosters enhanced synergy among team members, driving fruitful collaborations that are essential for success in today’s dynamic and rapidly changing sectors.

28 Meet Astrid Rusaas Kristoffersen 31 Digital health our strategy for growth

33 Meet Petter Gjørvad 36 Real time assurance of AI 38 Emerging technologies - quantum computing

40 Sustainability and food safety 43 Medical device certification 45 The electric grid is burning

47 Ericsson innovation – the 5G technology - DNV Board travel

wellbeing and positive morale at work.

18 What can be done with nuclear

Fostering Resilience

© iStock

In professional environments, actively fostering a culture centered around hope can lead to substantial increases in employee engagement and productivity. People armed with a hopeful outlook are not inclined to retreat in the face of challenges; rather, they proactively seek out innovative solutions to even the most daunting problems.

Continuation on the next page »

49 Global Employee Forum 50 Inclusive Working Life in Norway 51 Membership benefits 3

I EDITORIAL I

To effectively leverage the potent power of hope in any context, several actionable strategies can be employed.

In some cultures, hope might feel like a swim upstream, but it’s also a skill that anyone — and any group — can learn through practice. Our culture has stereotyped it as naïve, privileged, and even dangerous, but in fact it can be a useful tool for producing innovative ideas and finding ways to deliver on them. Organizations

creates a practical roadmap for progress.

By breaking down larger objectives into manageable, bite-sized steps, organizations empower their members to visualize and pursue tangible outcomes, which boosts overall morale and motivation.

Offering training programs that encourage resilience, and adaptability can significantly help individuals cultivate a hopeful outlook. Equipping teams with effective tools to manage stress and respond constructively to failures fosters a resilient organizational culture that embraces learning and growth, enabling everyone to thrive.

that tap into it, aligning their

But adopting a permanently

people’s imagination and will, can

defensive posture can diminish

better execute their most ambi-

you. Think of what happens in

tious strategies.

sports: If you play a game fearfully and focus simply on not losing,

Organizations should prioritize the cultivation of an environment in which hope can genuinely thrive. This entails celebrating successes both big and small, acknowledging the collective efforts of teams, and focusing on strengths rather than weaknesses. By implementing positive reinforcement practices, organizations can foster an atmosphere where individuals feel truly recognized and appreciated, further enhancing their sense of hope and motivation.

Establishing clear, achievable goals grants individuals and teams a strong sense of direction and purpose. This clarity not only solidifies hope but also

you’ll narrow your focus, which in turn will reduce your creativity and make it hard for you to recognize opportunities. You may avoid losing, but you probably won’t win.

Encouraging Open Communication Establishing and promoting platforms for open dialogue can create safe spaces where individuals feel comfortable sharing their hopes, aspirations, and concerns without fear of judgment or reprimand. This practice strengthens

You will find articles written after I visited many fine lectures from the SMC marketplace, you will find them in this magazine as I understood and captured the topics: • Nuclear and ammonia – The fuels need to decarbonize shipping • Medical device certification – increasing efficiency by partnering with ComplAI • Digital health – Our strategy for portfolio growth • Sustainability and food safety – DNV as partner in the evolving food sector

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relationships within teams, heightening collective hope while promoting an atmosphere that is conducive to innovation and collaborative success.

Taking the time to recognize and celebrate achievements—no matter how seemingly small—reinforces the belief that positive change is not only possible but also achievable. Acknowledging progress serves as a powerful reminder of what can be accomplished through unwavering perseverance and teamwork, further cultivating the indomitable spirit of hope within the organization.

By gaining a profound understanding of the dynamics of hope and actively harnessing its potential, we can cultivate a mindset that inspires bold action, encourages meaningful collaboration, and fosters resilience across the board.

As we stand on the precipice of tomorrow, let us embrace the challenges ahead, recognizing that hope is not merely a passive yearning for a brighter future; it serves as an active, strategic force that can illuminate our paths and propel us forward. Together, we can nurture a hopeful vision that not only shapes the lives of individuals but also transforms our communities and organizations into shining beacons of positivity and possibility.

Reference: Jamil Zaki is a professor of psychology at Stanford University and the author of Hope for Cynics: The Surprising Science of Human Goodness.

Having the will and finding the way: A review and meta-analysis of hope at workRebecca J. Reichard ,James B. Avey ,Shane Lopez & Maren DollwetPages 292304 | Received 02 Aug 2012, Accepted 25 Apr 2013, Published online: 31 May 2013

I EDITORIAL I

Transformation Geniuses

© iStock

– The Architects of a Brighter Future NINA IVARSEN

In a rapidly changing world filled with both daunting challenges and incredible opportunities, a remarkable and inspiring group of individuals has emerged who serve as catalysts for profound change: transformation geniuses.

These innovative thinkers possess an extraordinary ability to adapt, reinvent, and inspire others. Their unique approaches not only enable them to tackle complex issues head-on but also play a crucial role in crafting solutions that address our most pressing concerns.

Their contributions resonate far beyond simply transforming industries; they empower communities and individuals alike to dream bigger and to envision excitingly brighter futures for themselves and for generations to come.

Transformation geniuses are often visionaries who see possibilities when others perceive only roadblocks and obstacles.

They harness their considerable creativity and expertise to navigate the complex and often convoluted situations that characterize our modern world. Through their ingenuity, they devise innovative strategies that promote growth and progress, breaking down barriers to success.

Whether they are making strides in technology, healthcare, education, or sustainability, these trailblazers consistently manage to find new pathways that stretch the bounds of what is traditionally considered possible in DNV.

One of the most inspiring aspects of transformation geniuses is their profound ability to lead by example. They do not merely work on their projects in isolation, retreating into their worlds of innovation; instead, they actively engage with their communities, sharing their hard-won knowledge and inspiring others to take meaningful action.

By nurturing collaboration and fostering a sense of talent within their spheres of influence, they create an environment where innovation can thrive, and collective problem-solving becomes the new norm. Their remarkable legacy extends far beyond their individual accomplishments, embedding itself in the ways they uplift and empower those around them, creating a ripple effect that inspires passionate action, creativity, and resilience.

Across the globe, many transformation geniuses have already made significant and lasting impacts on our daily lives. For instance, pioneers in renewable energy are revolutionizing how we harness power while simultaneously reducing our carbon footprint, demonstrating that

Their groundbreaking insights and

sustainable practices can coexist

inventions serve as powerful

with economic growth.

reminders that, with unwavering determination and boundless imagination, we can indeed build a better world together, do you recognize yourself or a colleague?

What is most heartening and uplifting about transformation geniuses is their unwavering optimism about the future, even in this geopolitical challenging situation we live in today. Their profound belief that change is not only possible but also necessary drives them to persevere through setbacks and challenges that would deter lesser spirits.

They illustrate the paramount importance of focusing on solutions instead of fixating on problems, encouraging all of us to adopt a proactive and resilient mindset. By doing so, they graciously invite us to join their mission, encouraging all of us to become an integral part of the change we wish to see in the new strategy period.

In an age when challenges may often feel insurmountable, embracing and supporting transformation geniuses allows us to effectively harness the collective power of innovation and creativity that exists within us all. If we take the time to cultivate a mindset of growth and collaboration, we can all become transformation geniuses in our own right, regardless of where we are in our journeys through life. We can contribute to the tapestry of change that is constantly unfolding around us, proving that every small effort counts.

Transformation geniuses are not just the architects of a better future; they are also powerful role models for each and every one of us. Their extraordinary ability to think creatively, adapt with grace, and diligently work toward a common goal positions them and us as key players in our shared quest for a more sustainable, equitable, and just world.

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I EDITORIAL I

Anne Sophie Ness, Erik Ovrum and Morten Løvstad presents at the meeting place at SMC

Nuclear fuels can decarbonize shipping NINA IVARSEN As the world grapples with the pressing challenge of climate change, the shipping industry stands out as a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.

With current estimates suggesting that shipping accounts for about 2-3% of global emissions, the need for a sustainable transformation has never been more urgent. Among the various alternatives being explored, nuclear fuels emerge as a groundbreaking solution poised to decarbonize shipping and pave the way for a cleaner future.

Shipping is essential for global trade, transporting around 90% of the world’s goods. However, the reliance on fossil fuels like heavy fuel oil not only contributes to air pollution but also exacerbates climate change. In a sector where traditional renewable solutions, like wind or solar power, face limitations in terms of efficiency and energy density, finding viable low-emission alternatives is critical.

Emissions from maritime transport are considered a significant source of marine atmospheric pollution. In the process of promoting the transition toward maritime decarbonization and

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green shipping in recent years, using nuclear energy as propulsion for merchant ships has been considered a feasible and promising alternative to traditional fossil marine fuels. Nuclear energy offers a promising solution for decarbonizing the maritime industry. As a reliable and low-carbon energy source for ships, it has the potential to greatly reduce emissions from shipping. Unlike traditional fossil fuel-powered ships, nuclear-powered ships emit significantly fewer greenhouse gases and air pollutants, positioning them as a cleaner and more sustainable choice for the industry.

“Nuclear ship propulsion during operation emits no CO2, NOX, SOX, or particulate emissions”. Using nuclear propulsion could also avoid the occurrence of maritime oil spills, which occur frequently. Moreover, as the scaling up of the production of green ammonia, methanol, and hydrogen has met technical hurdles, the shipping industry has been increasingly interested in nuclear power propulsion. Nuclear power is considered to be particularly suitable to fuel ships that are at sea for long periods of time because it limits the need for refue-

ling while producing zero carbon emissions. (2)

Get ready for the next Skill Up! highlighting a “wildcard” option in the current discussion on decarbonizing shipping: The possible renaissance of nuclear power for cargo ships.

“Nuclear power has been a recurrent and controversial topic in the discussion around decarbonizing shipping. Few have deeper knowledge, but many have an opinion. With Ole, we have one of our best experts to

dispel some myths and to understand what fact is - and what is fiction - for nuclear-powered cargo ships. I am sure this Skill Up! will meet record audience interest!” says Volker Bertram, coordinator of the Skill Up!

Nuclear energy, produced through fission reactions, provides a powerful source of energy with a minimal carbon footprint. The use of nuclear fuels in shipping could drastically reduce emissions, enabling vessels to operate without the carbon output associated with conventional fuels. The concept is not entirely new; nuclear propulsion has been successfully employed in submarines and icebreakers for decades, showcasing its reliability and effectiveness.

DNV works with leaders in nuclear power for AI. Google has signed an agreement with Kairos Power for 500 Mwe by 2035, with the first reactor online by 2030. DNV is working with Kairos Power in NuProShip project.

Low Carbon Emissions Nuclear-powered ships can operate for long durations without emitting greenhouse gases. This shift could significantly lower the shipping industry’s carbon footprint, contributing to global decarbonization goals.

Nuclear fuels possess an impressive energy density, meaning they can produce a vast amount of energy from a small amount of fuel. This is particularly beneficial for long-haul voyages where refueling options are limited.

Nuclear-powered vessels can maintain steady power output without fluctuations associated with renewable sources. This reliability can enhance operational efficiency and reduce costs in the long term.

Unlike oil markets, which can be volatile and politically unstable, uranium and thorium—the primary fuels for nuclear reactors—are widely available and secure, offering a stable fuel supply for shipping fleets.

While the potential of nuclear fuels in decarbonizing shipping is significant, it’s vital to address concerns related to safety, waste management, and public perception. Advanced reactor designs, such as small modular reactors (SMRs), are being developed to enhance safety and reduce waste. Additionally, thorough regulatory frameworks can ensure high safety standards and environmental protection throughout the lifecycle of nuclear-powered vessels.

The transition to nuclear fuels in shipping represents a promising avenue for achieving net-zero emissions. As countries and companies increasingly commit to ambitious climate goals, embracing nuclear technology offers a viable pathway to not only safeguard our planet but also to foster a sustainable and prosperous future for the shipping industry.

By harnessing this powerful energy source, we can navigate towards a cleaner, more sustainable maritime future, ensuring that global trade remains robust while protecting our planet for generations to come. The shift to nuclear-powered vessels is not just a possibility; it is an optimistic vision that holds the promise of a balanced approach to economic growth and ecological well-being.

A Game Changer for Decarbonizing Shipping As we navigate through a climate crisis that poses profound threats to our environment and future, the shipping industry stands as a significant player in the rise of greenhouse gas emissions globally. With current statistics showing that shipping accounts for approximately

2-3% of total global emissions, there is an urgent need to adopt sustainable solutions that can effectively decarbonize this critical sector. Among the various alternatives being explored, nuclear fuels emerge as a groundbreaking and promising solution that could significantly reduce the carbon footprint of shipping while ensuring energy efficiency and reliability.

A Viable Option Nuclear energy presents a potent source of energy through the process of fission, producing large amounts of energy with a minimal carbon footprint. The application of nuclear fuels in powering ships could drastically cut emissions, offering a clean alternative to conventional fuels.

While nuclear propulsion is not new— having proven successful in submarines and icebreakers for decades—it remains underutilized in commercial shipping.

This untapped potential could revolutionize the sector.

Advantages of Nuclear Fuels in Shipping. Case study of 15,000 TEU container vessels shows that nuclear propulsion can compete with other decarbonization solution looking at both highand low-cost scenarios.

Significant Reduction in Carbon Emissions Nuclear-powered ships can operate for extended periods without emitting greenhouse gases, offering a major leap towards achieving ambitious climate targets. By transitioning to nuclear power, the shipping industry can substantially lower its carbon emissions and comply better with international regulations aimed at reducing pollution.

High Energy Density The energy density of nuclear fuel is remarkably high, allowing vessels to generate vast amounts of energy from a relaContinuation on the next page » 7

”I have a Passion for (sustainable) Energy, from the SMC meeting. While I like all low carbon sources, Nuclear power has long been a favorite source of mine due to its minimal impact on the environment and climate as well as the fact that it’s one of safest source of power production we have at our disposal.”

Ted Lind, Senior Advisor Nuclear

tively small volume of fuel. This quality is especially advantageous for long-distance voyages, where frequent refueling is impractical. The enhanced efficiency means that ships can travel farther while carrying substantial cargo without the need to refuel frequently.

Operational Reliability Nuclear-powered vessels can provide consistent and reliable energy output without the fluctuations commonly associated with renewable sources. This yield increases operational efficiency, making nuclear options an appealing choice for shipping operators who require dependable performance for their routes.

Stable Fuel Supply Unlike oil markets, which are often volatile and influenced by geopolitical factors, the primary fuels used in nuclear energy—such as uranium and thorium— are generally abundant and can provide a stable and secure source of power for shipping fleets.

Addressing Safety and Environmental Concerns While the potential of nuclear fuels in decarbonizing shipping is considerable, it is essential to address the concerns sur-

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rounding safety, waste management, and public perception. The introduction of advanced reactor designs, such as small modular reactors (SMRs), can enhance safety protocols and minimize waste production. These reactors can provide power with reduced risk of accidents, as they are designed to operate safely under a variety of conditions. Furthermore, implementing rigorous regulatory frameworks for the nuclear maritime industry can solidify public trust and ensure environmental protection.

A Bright Future for Sustainable Shipping

The Road Ahead: Collaboration and Innovation

The journey towards decarbonizing shipping with nuclear fuels is filled with opportunities. By embracing this approach, we can foster a cleaner, greener maritime sector that not only meets the demands of the present but also protects the environment for future generations. Together, we have the potential to rethink and reshape shipping for a sustainable future, leading us toward a world where environmental responsibility and effective global trade coexist harmoniously. The sea of possibilities ahead is vast and promising, and with strategic action and commitment, we can make a significant impact on the future of shipping and our planet.

The transition to nuclear fuels in shipping requires collective effort and collaboration among various stakeholders, governments, shipping companies, regulatory bodies, and technology developers. By investing in research and development, fostering partnerships, and sharing best practices, we can work towards a nuclear-powered shipping fleet that is both safe and efficient. This cooperative approach can also lead to the establishment of a robust infrastructure for nuclear fuel supply and maintenance, ensuring that the maritime industry is prepared for this significant transition.

In conclusion, nuclear fuels represent a transformative solution for decarbonizing the shipping industry. By harnessing this powerful energy source, we can dramatically reduce emissions while ensuring that vital global trade continues to thrive.

As we look towards the future, a shift to nuclear-powered vessels is not merely a possibility but an optimistic vision of what could be achieved through innovation and dedication to sustainability.

Business Assurance accredited for ISO 19443 in France ISO 19443 is an international standard that specifies quality management requirements for companies involved in civil nuclear sector products and services.

The world oceans carry 90% of traded goods globally in day-to-day operations, and the maritime sector is comprised of several activities that can create economic value. These economic possibilities come with challenges regarding greenhouse gas emissions. The maritime sector already stands for 2.89% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the volume of maritime trade is expected to triple by the year 2050 (OECD, 2023). By that same time, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set goals to reduce

GHG emissions by 50%, and CO2 emissions by 70% (IMO, 2020). This means that significant changes need to be made to reach these goals. This thesis investigates the technology of nuclear power and its implementation as an energy source for ships. Nuclear ships do not emit any NOx, SOx, CO2, or particulate matter during their operational lifecycle. Concerning IMO’s 2050 ambitions, nuclear power is the only solution qualified to replace fossil fuels over the medium to long term. (3)

Maritime decarbonization is the greatest challenge of our time but our industry’s ingenuity and innovation can carry us forward

this can be turned around through pathways involving operational and technological solutions. We examine how shipowners and other stakeholders can ensure that fleets meet emissions targets and regulations, while remaining competitive.

Driven by regulations, the IMO’s decarbonization goals, pressure from cargo owners, financing terms, and societal trends, shipping’s historic voyage towards full decarbonization is underway. IMO targets are clear: full-scale decarbonization by or around 2050, a 20% emissions reduction by 2030, and a 70% reduction by 2040.

The question now is, how do we get there?

Many in the industry are still waiting to see what happens but now is the time for leaders across the industry to step up. This means making smart decisions now which can accelerate the maritime green transition.

Full decarbonization will require large-scale transition to carbon-neutral fuels and the industry is continuing to embrace diverse fuel technologies like LNG, LPG, methanol, and ammonia. Production of green fuels is also underway but large-scale supply remains elusive, and today’s reality is that 93% of the world fleet is still running on conventional fossil fuels. In this latest edition of the Maritime Forecast to 2050, we explore how

With a range of uncertainties, we accept that this transition will not be rapid, and the challenge must be faced with pragmatism. Simulations in Maritime Forecast to 2050 reinforce how energy-efficiency measures are essential to operating profitably into the 2030s and 2040s until cost and supply of carbon-neutral fuels become more feasible. Indeed, one of the few things which we do know for certain now is that investing in energy saving technologies and reducing fuel consumption creates significant savings for shipowners and should be a central part of any future business strategy. Decarbonizing shipping will come at a cost. Maritime Forecast to 2050 estimates that to achieve the IMO’s final and intermediate reduction ambitions in well-to-wake emissions, costs per tonne-mile could increase significantly compared to business-as-usual. Increased freight rates will have to be passed through the value chain, with consumers likely to pick up most of the tab.

Knut Ørbeck-Nilssen, CEO Maritime – MARITIME FORECAST TO 2050

References: SMC 2025, Eirik Ovrum, Anne Sophie Ness DNV: Learning update: Skill Up! – Nuclear Power for Cargo Ships. Published 20/01/2025 DNV: Business Assurance accredited for ISO 19443 in France, Troyano, Louison. Published 19/12/2023 Maritime Forecast to 2050 by DNV https://www.dnv.com/maritime/publications/maritime-forecast/ Using Nuclear Energy for Maritime Decarbonization and Related Environmental Challenges: Existing Regulatory Shortcomings and Improvements by Qiuwen WangORCID,Hu Zhang *ORCID andPuxin ZhuORCID School of International Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 201620, China Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 2993; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042993 Submission received: 7 January 2023 / Revised: 4 February 2023 / Accepted: 6 February 2023 / Published: 8 February 2023 Feasibility of the implementation of nuclear reactors as main energy source in passenger vessels, Authors Wulff, Lukas 2023-08-21 master’s Program in Mechanical Engineering (MEC) master_Wulff_Lukas_2023.pdf (5.23 MB)

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© iStock

NUCLEAR PROGRAMS IN EUROPE AND THE NORDIC COUNTRIES NINA IVARSEN In this article, we share information about the following topics: • The Value of Nuclear Programs • Environmental Value • Social Value • Challenges and Considerations • Waste Management • The Importance of Investing in Nuclear Programs • Overview of Nuclear Programs in Norway • Major Nuclear Companies in Europe • Overview of EU Nuclear Programs • Current Nuclear Infrastructure in the EU • Sweden’s Nuclear Programs • Finland’s Nuclear Programs • Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster

The Value of Nuclear Programs The impact of climate change is becoming increasingly evident.

Droughts, floods, and fires are telling us we need to act decisively and at scale.

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In the global effort to decarbonize energy, industry and transport, progress is being made, especially in recognizing the crucial role of nuclear energy.

Nuclear programs represent a significant component of the global energy landscape, offering a multitude of benefits ranging from environmental sustainability to economic growth. As nations increasingly prioritize clean energy sources in the fight against climate change, understanding the value of nuclear programs becomes essential.

Economic Value The nuclear industry is a major contributor to job creation, providing thousands of high-quality, stable positions in construction, engineering, operations, and maintenance. Investing in nuclear programs stimulates local economies, resulting in increased demand for goods and services that support these activities.

By diversifying energy sources, nuclear programs will contribute to national energy security and independence.

Reducing reliance on imported fossil fuels helps stabilize local economies and protects against price volatility in global energy markets.

Nuclear power plants require significant initial investment, but operate over long lifespans, often exceeding 40 years. This long-term energy output can provide predictability and stable electricity prices,

serving as a reliable base-load power source to support economic stability.

Investment in nuclear technology, such as advanced reactors and waste management solutions, fosters innovation and can position countries at the forefront of energy technology. This can lead to further economic opportunities both domestically and internationally.

Environmental Value Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions Nuclear energy is one of the lowest carbon-intensive forms of electricity generation. It plays a pivotal role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, helping countries meet their climate goals and commitments under international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement.

Complement to Renewable Energy As a stable and reliable power source, nuclear energy can complement intermittent renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power. This synergy helps create a balanced and resilient energy system that ensures reliable electricity supply and grid stability.

Reduced Air Pollution Unlike fossil fuel-based power plants, nuclear reactors produce minimal air pollutants, contributing to better air quality and public health. By replacing coal and gas plants with nuclear energy, regions can significantly reduce smog

and respiratory illnesses associated with air pollution.

Challenges and Considerations

Social Value Reliable Energy Supply

While the value of nuclear programs is substantial, certain challenges must be addressed:

Nuclear power provides a consistent and reliable source of energy that contributes to societal stability and economic prosperity. The ability to produce large quantities of electricity can support various sectors, including industry, healthcare, and education.

Public sentiment regarding nuclear energy can be influenced by historical events, such as accidents and concerns about waste management. Open communication, education, and transparent safety measures are essential to build public trust.

Nuclear programs often involve significant community engagement and investment, particularly in regions where plants are located. This engagement can lead to improvements in infrastructure, education, and local services, positively impacting the community.

The construction and implementation of nuclear facilities require significant initial investments. Policymakers must consider financing models and long-term economic viability to make nuclear investments attractive.

Support for Research and Education

Waste Management

Nuclear programs foster educational initiatives and research opportunities, contributing to advancements in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Educational partnerships with universities and institutions help create a skilled workforce and promote innovation.

Safe and effective waste management is a critical issue in nuclear energy. Developing and implementing sustainable waste disposal solutions is necessary to address community concerns and uphold environmental standards.

Nuclear programs hold immense What are Small Modular Reactors?

“Small” means up to 300 MWe, but 15 MWe is being developed Even “micro” is under development, e.g. 200 kWe – 5 MWe Small modular reactors (SMRs) have a power capacity of up to 300 MW(e) per unit.

Many SMRs, which can be factoryassembled and transported to a location for installation, are envisioned for markets such as industrial applications or remote areas with limited grid capacity.

(Image: A. Vargas/IAEA) Small – physically a fraction of the size of a conventional nuclear power reactor.

Modular – making it possible for systems and components to be factory-assembled and transported as a unit to a location for installation.

value across economic, environmental, and social dimensions. By investing in nuclear energy, countries can work toward achieving energy independence, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and fostering job creation.

The integration of nuclear power into energy systems can significantly contribute to a sustainable and resilient energy future. To fully realize its benefits, stakeholders must address associated challenges through open dialogue, innovation, and responsible management, ensuring that the value of nuclear energy is

Reactors – harnessing nuclear fission

understood and embraced as part

to generate heat to produce energy.

of the solution to the world’s energy needs.

The Importance of Investing in Nuclear Programs Investing in nuclear programs is increasingly seen as a crucial component in the global transition to sustainable energy.

As countries grapple with the pressing challenges of climate change, energy security, and the need for reliable power sources, nuclear energy offers a viable solution. This overview explores the reasons behind investing in nuclear programs, the benefits they provide, challenges to consider, and the future prospects for nuclear energy investment.

The global nuclear landscape is witnessing renewed interest, particularly as many nations commit to ambitious carbon reduction goals. Countries such as the United States, China, France, and Russia are investing significantly in developing advanced nuclear technologies, including small modular reactors (SMRs) and next-generation fission reactors. The European Union and several member states are also identifying nuclear energy as a key player in achieving their decarbonization objectives as outlined in the European Green Deal.

Benefits of Investing in Nuclear Programs Nuclear power is one of the largest sources of low-carbon electricity generation, helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly. Investing in nuclear technology can facilitate the transition to a decarbonized energy system, contributing to global climate commitments.

As countries diversify their energy portfolios, nuclear power provides a stable and reliable energy source. Investing in nuclear programs can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate vulnerability to fluctuations in energy markets.

Advancements in nuclear technologies, including SMRs and nuclear fusion, present opportunities for investment in research and development. Innovations in safety, waste management, and reactor design can enhance the viability and acceptance of nuclear energy.

With the need for reliable base-load power and growing renewable energy integration, nuclear energy remains a critical component of a balanced energy strategy. Investments can ensure the longevity and modernization of existing reactors while exploring new projects.

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Challenges to Consider Public concern over nuclear safety, waste management, and the risk of accidents can hinder investment enthusiasm.

Effective communication, transparency, and community engagement are essential to address misconceptions and build trust.

Navigating the complex regulatory landscape can be a challenge for investors.

Comprehensive safety standards and licensing processes must be adhered to, which can lead to lengthy delays in project implementation.

The capital costs required for constructing and maintaining nuclear facilities can be substantial. Investors must assess the long-term return on investment while considering financing options and government support.

Addressing nuclear waste is a critical issue that requires investment in longterm storage solutions. Developing effective waste management strategies and technologies is essential for public acceptance and sustainability.

Future Prospects for Nuclear Investment The future for investing in nuclear programs is promising, driven by global trends toward sustainability and energy independence. The rise of advanced nuclear technologies and the integration of nuclear with renewable energy sources offer unique investment opportunities. Furthermore, public policies favoring clean energy portfolios and carbon pricing mechanisms can enhance the economic appeal of nuclear investments.

Collaboration between governments, private entities, and research institutions is essential to foster innovation and facilitate the development of new nuclear projects. Investment in education and workforce development will also ensure a skilled labor pool to support the growing nuclear sector.

Investing in nuclear programs presents a strategic opportunity to address today’s energy challenges while promoting a sustainable and low-carbon future. With

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stewardship, nuclear energy can

focusing on materials testing, reactor safety, and the development of advanced nuclear technologies. This early investment in nuclear technology paved the way for Norway’s current status as a hub for nuclear research.

play a vital role in shaping a

Current Infrastructure

the potential for technological advancements and a commitment to safety and environmental

resilient energy landscape. As nations work collectively to combat climate change, investing in nuclear programs stands out as a critical and forward-thinking strategy for a sustainable energy future.

Overview of Nuclear Programs in Norway Norway has developed a distinctive approach to nuclear energy, focusing primarily on nuclear research rather than large-scale commercial power generation. The country’s commitment to safe nuclear practices and its emphasis on research have established Norway as a key player in the field of nuclear technology, contributing to advancements in safety and waste management on both national and international levels.

Norway’s nuclear journey began in the 1950s with the establishment of its first research reactor, the Halden reactor, which became operational in 1959. The reactor served as a critical center for research and international collaboration,

Norway operates several small research reactors, including the Halden reactor and a few others dedicated to educational purposes and testing. The Halden reactor is particularly notable for its contributions to the understanding of nuclear fuel and reactor operations, and it facilitates international research projects that foster collaboration among scientists and engineers.

Norwegian nuclear programs emphasize research and development in nuclear safety, fuel technology, and waste management. The Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (NRPA) oversees nuclear activities and ensures that research adheres to strict safety standards. The focus on advanced technologies, including small modular reactors (SMRs) and innovations in waste management, aligns with global efforts to enhance the safety and sustainability of nuclear energy.

Public perception of nuclear energy in Norway is multifaceted, influenced by both historical context and contemporary discussions surrounding safety and environmental impacts. Although Norway does not operate commercial nuclear power plants, the government actively engages with stakeholders and the public to provide information and

foster understanding of nuclear technology’s benefits and risks.

Atos France

Norway’s nuclear programs reflect a commitment to safety, research, and responsible management of nuclear technology. The focus on research rather than commercial power production positions Norway as

While primarily an IT service management company, Atos has significant expertise in providing digital solutions for the nuclear industry, offering tools for data management, cybersecurity, and operational efficiency.

the need for innovation, safety improvements, and environmental

Atos supports nuclear operators by integrating digital technology to enhance safety systems, operational oversight, and regulatory compliance.

sustainability.

Nuvia Group UK

Major Nuclear Companies in Europe

Nuvia is an engineering business specializing in nuclear services, including decommissioning, waste management, and radiation protection. Its expertise spans across the nuclear lifecycle, from plant construction to decommissioning.

an important contributor to the global nuclear landscape, emphasizing

EDF (Électricité de France) EDF is one of the largest utility companies in the world and a key player in the nuclear sector, operating 56 reactors across France, which provide around 70% of the country’s electricity. The company is involved in all aspects of nuclear energy, including construction, operation, and maintenance of nuclear power plants.

EDF plays a pivotal role in advancing nuclear safety and technology. It is heavily invested in research and development initiatives focused on next-generation reactors and improved safety systems.

EDF also operates international projects, including the Hinkley Point C project in the UK. Siemens AG Germany Siemens is a global engineering and technology company that has historically been involved in nuclear energy through its subsidiary Siemens Nuclear Power, which has played a role in the design, construction, and maintenance of nuclear power plants. While Germany is in the process of phasing out nuclear energy, Siemens continues to focus on improving nuclear safety and technology.

Siemens has contributed to the development of advanced nuclear technologies and automation systems for reactors. Its expertise is essential in ensuring operational efficiency and safety in existing plants.

Framatome France Originally part of the Areva Group, Framatome is now an independent company owned by EDF and provides

nuclear technology and services globally.

It specializes in the design and construction of nuclear reactors, as well as providing fuel and services for operating plants.

Framatome is integral to improving the performance and safety of nuclear reactors. The company engages in significant research and development and collaborates with various international nuclear entities to enhance reactor technology.

Rosatom Russia Rosatom is the state atomic energy corporation and a leading player in the global nuclear market. It is responsible for the design, construction, and operation of nuclear power plants, and it also manages the nuclear fuel cycle.

Rosatom has a significant international presence, engaging in projects in various countries, including Hungary, Turkey, and Finland. It is heavily involved in research into advanced reactor designs and has a wide range of nuclear technologies.

Westinghouse Electric Company USA (with significant operations in Europe) Westinghouse is known for its nuclear power technology and services, and it has a strong presence in Europe, especially in countries like the UK and Finland. The company provides reactors, fuel, and services to support the nuclear lifecycle.

Westinghouse is currently involved in projects to construct new plants and upgrade existing facilities in Europe. Its AP1000 reactor technology is a well-recognized design that emphasizes safety and economic performance.

Nuvia plays a vital role in helping facilities transition to safer operational states and manage the complexities of decommissioning old power plants while ensuring environmental protection.

Areva (now part of Orano) France Areva has transformed into Orano, focusing on nuclear fuel cycle services, including mining, conversion, enrichment, and spent fuel management. The company provides services to nuclear plants worldwide.

Orano is essential for managing the nuclear fuel lifecycle and ensuring the sustainability of nuclear energy while addressing waste management challenges.

Romania’s Nuclearelectrica Romania Nuclearelectrica operates Romania’s nuclear power plants, notably the Cernavodă plant, which consists of two CANDU reactors. The company is focused on expanding its nuclear capacity and energy production.

Nuclearelectrica contributes significantly to Romania’s energy needs and pursues collaborations for new reactor projects to strengthen domestic energy security.

TVO (Teollisuuden Voima Oyj) Finland TVO operates nuclear power plants in Finland, including the Olkiluoto plant, which is known for hosting the first European Pressurized Reactor (EPR).

The company is actively involved in expanding its nuclear capacity.

TVO is a strong advocate for nuclear energy in Finland, emphasizing its role Continuation on the next page » 13

in creating a more sustainable energy

landscape while supporting technological innovation.

These companies represent just a segment of the vibrant nuclear energy sector in Europe, which plays a crucial role in the region’s energy security, economic stability, and transition toward a low-carbon future. Their ongoing investments in research and development, as well as their commitment to safety and sustainability, highlight the importance of nuclear energy in addressing climate change challenges and

Safety and Security Regulations

fulfilling energy needs across Europe.

Overview of EU Nuclear Programs The European Union (EU) has established a multifaceted relationship with nuclear energy, embracing its potential as a vital low-carbon energy source that is instrumental in achieving ambitious climate goals across the continent.

Nuclear power plays a pivotal role in the EU’s energy landscape, supplying approximately 25% of the total electricity consumed by member states. This commitment to nuclear energy is rooted in the desire to enhance energy security, meet the ever-evolving climate objectives, and ensure the safe and sustainable implementation of nuclear technology across the region for the benefit of future generations.

Nuclear Energy in the EU: Context and Objectives In the context of escalating energy demands and the urgent necessity to combat climate change, nuclear energy emerges as a cornerstone of the EU’s strategy to transition toward a low-carbon economy. As member states pursue bold initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with the goals outlined in the European Green Deal and commitments stemming from the Paris Agreement, the role of nuclear energy becomes even more pronounced. The overarching objectives of the EU’s nuclear programs can be summarized as follows: The EU is dedicated to promoting nuclear energy as a dependable source of low-carbon electricity, a catalyst that assists in the ambitious goal of achieving net-zero emissions by the year 2050. By

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initiatives that aim to advance nuclear technology further. The European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) acts as a pivotal facilitator of cooperation among member states in areas concerning nuclear research, safety regulation, and the safeguarding of nuclear materials. Funding opportunities provided through programs such as Horizon Europe are directed toward supporting innovation and advancements in nuclear safety and superior waste management solutions.

doing so, it hopes to foster an environment that encourages the growth of green technologies while safeguarding energy needs.

In an era where energy independence is paramount, the EU aims to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. By diversifying energy sources through the inclusion of nuclear power in the energy mix, it aspires to enhance energy security, which is crucial for the stability and sustainability of economic growth across member states.

Research and Innovation A strong focus is placed on fostering research that targets advanced nuclear technologies, which is essential for improving operational efficiency, enhancing safety protocols, and developing effective waste management practices. This innovative spirit is at the heart of the EU’s progress in nuclear energy.

Current Nuclear Infrastructure in the EU Presently, the EU boasts a varied nuclear landscape, with 13 member states actively operating nuclear power plants.

Noteworthy countries such as France, Germany, and Finland are recognized for their considerable investments in cutting-edge nuclear technology and infrastructure. France stands out in this context, as it relies heavily on nuclear energy, deriving around 70% of its electricity from this source, underlining its commitment to a stable and sustainable energy future.

In addition to power generation, the EU has made significant investments in extensive nuclear research programs and

Ensuring safety in the realm of nuclear energy is an absolute priority for the EU, and the regulatory framework governing nuclear operations reflects this commitment. The EU has established rigorous safety standards that mandate the promotion of a robust culture of safety across all member states involved in nuclear energy production. The European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group (ENSREG) plays an indispensable role in overseeing these regulations, conducting comprehensive peer reviews, and facilitating the exchange of best practices among participating nations.

Moreover, the EU recognizes the imperative nature of nuclear security, underpinning initiatives that aim to prevent nuclear proliferation and enhance the safe management of nuclear materials.

Efforts to bolster security measures at nuclear facilities, coupled with improved protections for nuclear materials, constitute fundamental components of the EU’s comprehensive policy framework.

Waste Management Strategies One of the most prominent challenges facing the EU involves the long-term management of nuclear waste. Each member state is entrusted with the task of formulating its own waste management policies; however, the EU actively provides guidance and support to assist in developing coherent and safe strategies for the disposal and decommissioning of nuclear facilities.

Several member states have made significant progress in planning deep geological repositories, which are seen as promising long-term solutions for the secure storage of high-level waste. The EU encourages the sharing of best practices

and promotes research in advanced waste management technologies while emphasizing the crucial importance of stakeholder engagement throughout the planning and execution phases of waste disposal solutions.

Future Developments and Innovations Looking toward the future, the EU is increasingly committed to exploring next-generation nuclear technologies, such as Small Modular Reactors (SMRs).

These innovative reactors are designed to be safer, more flexible, and more efficient than traditional large-scale nuclear facilities. The integration of SMRs into the energy landscape holds great promise, particularly for decentralized energy generation, enabling synergies with renewable energy sources to foster a harmonious and resilient energy grid.

Additionally, the EU is deeply invested in fostering international collaboration in nuclear research and development. Its active participation in global initiatives emphasizes the commitment to promoting safe and sustainable practices within the nuclear energy sector. Continued investments directed towards innovation, improvements in safety measures, and the proactive approach to climate change mitigation are all central to the EU’s dynamic nuclear energy agenda.

Public Engagement and Perception It is noteworthy that public perception of nuclear energy varies widely across different EU member states. While certain countries regard nuclear power as an indispensable tool in achieving climate goals, others exhibit caution, primarily because of safety concerns and apprehensions related to waste management.

In response, the EU is dedicated to

engaging in constructive public dialogue that fosters transparency and enhances understanding of both the advantages and risks associated with nuclear energy.

This approach aims to cultivate informed public support for nuclear initiatives, illustrating the EU’s commitment to collaborative progress.

In conclusion, the EU’s strategy toward nuclear energy is defined by a steadfast commitment to safety, sustainability, and innovation. As member states navigate the intricate pathways of energy transition amid a rapidly changing environment, nuclear power is poised to remain a vital element of the EU’s comprehensive energy strategy. Through robust regulatory frameworks, collaborative research initiatives, and a firm emphasis on safety and environmental stewardship, the EU is well-positioned to harness the transformative potential of nuclear energy, contributing to a low-carbon, secure energy future that benefits all its citizens.

Sweden’s Nuclear Programs Sweden has firmly established itself as a pivotal player in the sphere of nuclear energy, a technology that has become an essential pillar of its modern energy strategy. The nation fully acknowledges the critical role that nuclear power plays in pushing towards a sustainable future by significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions, ensuring a reliable and secure energy supply, and providing a stable and continuous energy source for its citizens and industries. With an unwavering commitment to safety, sustainability, and innovation, Sweden’s nuclear programs stand as exemplary models of a forward-thinking and proactive approach to the multifaceted energy challenges of today and tomorrow.

At present, Sweden operates an impressive total of six nuclear reactors, distributed across three primary power plants: Forsmark, Oskarshamn, and Ringhals.

These reactors together generate a substantial and critical portion of the nation’s electricity, contributing approximately 40% to Sweden’s national grid.

The Forsmark nuclear power plant, in particular, has garnered commendation for its exceptional operational efficiency and steadfast commitment to safety protocols, serving as a quintessential representation of Sweden’s dedication to maintaining exceptionally high standards in the nuclear power generation field. The history of nuclear energy in Sweden is fascinating, characterized by significant scrutiny and public debate, particularly in the wake of high-profile incidents during the 1970s that marked pivotal moments in the country’s energy discussions. However, despite these challenges, the resilience and adaptability of Continuation on the next page » 15

the nuclear sector have paved the way for an invigorated focus on safe, efficient, and responsible practices in energy production.

Sweden stands out as a global leader in its comprehensive and forward-looking approach to nuclear waste management, showcasing a profound sense of responsibility and foresight in the stewardship of radioactive materials. The country has developed a sophisticated nuclear fuel cycle that prioritizes both efficiency and sustainability. Spent nuclear fuel is meticulously stored in highly secure facilities and is ultimately slated for disposal in a deep geological repository, which is expected to become operational within the next few decades. The Forsmark site has been officially designated for this crucial purpose, embodying Sweden’s long-term commitment to ensuring that nuclear waste is managed safely and effectively while diligently protecting the environment from any possible harmful effects.

As Sweden gazes toward the future, there is a burgeoning interest in advancing nuclear technologies, particularly through the exploration and development of small modular reactors (SMRs).

These innovative reactors present promising solutions for localized energy generation and offer enhanced resilience to the existing energy grid. Sweden is actively engaged in collaborative international research and development initiatives aimed at improving reactor designs and bolstering safety measures. The Swedish government is also proactively investigating the potential for expanding nuclear capacity as an integral component of its long-term climate strategy.

This demonstrates a firm commitment to nuclear energy as a cornerstone for achieving a low-carbon future, assuring both economic stability and environmental sustainability.

Despite the essential role that nuclear energy plays within Sweden’s energy mix, the public perception of nuclear power can be quite complex and multifaceted.

There remain ongoing concerns among the populace regarding the safety of nuclear operations, the management of radioactive waste, and the long-term environmental impacts associated with nuclear energy. Nevertheless, the Swedish government, in conjunction with industry stakeholders, is proactively engaging with citizens to foster transpar-

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ency and disseminate accurate information about nuclear energy, as well as various safety initiatives in place. This commitment to open dialogue and public education is vital in effectively addressing public fears and building a foundation of trust and confidence in the nuclear sector.

Finland’s Nuclear Programs Finland stands at the forefront of nuclear energy development, viewing it as a crucial component of its national energy strategy. The commitment to harnessing nuclear power is not merely about energy production; it’s a visionary approach aimed at significantly reducing carbon emissions, enhancing energy security, and ensuring a reliable and steady supply of electricity for its citizens.

By integrating advanced technology with environmental stewardship, Finland’s nuclear programs exemplify a perfect harmony between progress and sustainable practices, paving the way for a brighter and more sustainable future.

Presently, Finland operates five highly efficient nuclear reactors distributed across two major power plants: Loviisa and Olkiluoto. The Olkiluoto nuclear power plant, in particular, is remarkable for being home to the very first European Pressurized Reactor (EPR), a monumental project that embarked on its construction journey in 2005. This ambitious endeavor represents one of the most significant milestones in Finland’s energy history, aiming to produce electricity at higher capacities than its predecessors while conforming to some of the most stringent safety standards in the world. This dedication to safety not only fuels Finland’s energy demands but also shines a positive light on the country’s commitment to maintaining public welfare.

Finland has emerged as a global trailblazer in the area of nuclear waste management, showcasing an exemplary commitment to environmental safety and responsibility. The nation is advancing with the construction of the world’s first permanent geological repository for spent nuclear fuel, aptly named the Onkalo repository, strategically located near the Olkiluoto plant. This groundbreaking facility is designed to securely isolate radioactive waste from the envi-

ronment for up to an astonishing 100,000 years, an ambitious timeline that underscores Finland’s unwavering dedication to responsible waste management practices. This initiative not only safeguards the environment but also sets a benchmark for other nations to follow, highlighting a proactive approach to potential challenges in nuclear energy.

Looking towards the horizon, Finland is enthusiastically exploring the promising potential of small modular reactors (SMRs), an innovative and flexible energy source that holds the promise of revolutionizing local power generation.

These compact reactors are designed with flexibility in mind and can serve to provide power to local communities or supplement larger facilities during peak demand periods. This adaptability is invaluable in an era where energy needs are constantly evolving. Additionally, Finland actively participates in international nuclear research collaborations that focus on cutting-edge reactor designs and advancements in safety technologies.

This collaborative spirit not only enhances Finland’s technological capabilities but fosters a global unity toward safe and sustainable energy solutions.

While nuclear energy undeniably plays a vital and constructive role in reshaping Finland’s energy landscape, public perception remains a critical aspect of its journey. Opinions among the populace can vary widely, with legitimate concerns regarding nuclear safety and waste disposal sparking ongoing discussions about the future of nuclear energy in Finland. However, the Finnish government is actively engaging with the public through ongoing consultations and transparency in operations, which plays a pivotal role in building trust and fostering a greater understanding of nuclear technologies. This ongoing dialogue serves to reinforce the notion that responsible energy development is a collaborative effort, encouraging citizens to participate in the national conversation on energy strategies.

Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster The Chernobyl disaster, which occurred on April 26, 1986, is one of the most catastrophic nuclear accidents in history. It not only had devastating immediate effects but also resulted in long-term

environmental, health, and political consequences. Understanding the Chernobyl catastrophe is essential for assessing the risks associated with nuclear energy and for improving safety protocols in the industry.

The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, located near the town of Pripyat in the then-Ukraine Soviet Socialist Republic, became operational in 1970. It consisted of four reactors, each designed to use graphite as a moderator and water as a coolant. The inherent design of the RBMK (Reactor Bolshoy Moshchnosti Kanalny) reactor, coupled with operational management issues, created a risky environment prone to catastrophic failures.

In the years leading up to the disaster, the Soviet Union was under immense pressure to produce energy and maintain its political image, which contributed to neglecting safety protocols and adequate training.

The disaster occurred during a late-night safety test designed to simulate a power outage. Operators disabled several safety systems and, due to a combination of operator errors, reactor design flaws, and inadequate safety protocols, a sudden power surge occurred. This surge led to a catastrophic explosion that released a substantial amount of radioactive material into the atmosphere.

The explosion resulted in a fire that burned for 10 days, further spreading radioactive particles across Europe.

Emergency responders faced severe exposure to radiation, and immediate actions, such as evacuation and containment, were chaotic and poorly executed.

Immediate and Long-Term Consequences The immediate consequences of the explosion were profound. Two plant workers died on the night of the disaster, and in the following weeks, 29 emergency responders succumbed to acute radiation sickness. Thousands of people were evacuated from nearby Pripyat and other affected areas, leading to the creation of an exclusion zone that remains in place today.

Long-term effects include contamination of significant land areas in Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia. The psychological and health impacts on the local population included increased rates of thyroid cancer, mental health disorders, and other radiation-related illnesses. The disaster also displaced over 300,000 people, leading to significant social disruption.

Environmental Impact Chernobyl’s radioactive fallout contaminated extensive areas, resulting in the creation of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, a 30-kilometer radius around the plant where access is restricted. This area has become a unique ecological site where wildlife has begun to reclaim the land, albeit in an environment still contaminated with radiation. Studies are ongoing to assess the ecological impact of radiation on flora and fauna, revealing resilience in many species.

The Chernobyl disaster served as a wake-up call for nuclear safety worldwide. It highlighted the need for more stringent safety regulations, better training for operators, and the importance of having robust containment measures.

The event led to significant reforms in nuclear power practices, including the

establishment of the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) to evaluate and categorize nuclear incidents.

Additionally, the accident influenced the design and operation of nuclear reactors globally, leading to improvements in both technology and protocols. The establishment of organizations like the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) aimed at sharing best practices and enhancing reactor safety also stemmed from the lessons learned.

The Chernobyl disaster was a pivotal moment in the history of nuclear energy, underscoring the critical importance of safety, transparency, and international cooperation in the nuclear industry. Its legacy continues to shape nuclear policy and public perception of nuclear power, reminding us of the potential risks associated with this powerful energy source.

As the world seeks to transition to cleaner energy, the lessons of Chernobyl remain more relevant than ever, emphasizing the need for vigilance and improvement in nuclear technology and practices.

References: https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/what-are-small-modular-reactors-smrs https://www.iaea.org/topics/small-modular-reactors https://www.iaea.org/topics/nuclear-power-and-climate-change https://www.iaea.org/bulletin/large-reactors-poised-to-lead-the-nuclear-power-expansion-as-small-modular-reactors-advance

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I EDITORIAL I

What can be done with nuclear waste today NINA IVARSEN Dealing with nuclear waste is undeniably a complex and critical issue that presents numerous challenges, necessitating meticulous management strategies to ensure the highest levels of safety and sustainability. However, by focusing on the advancements and innovative approaches currently being developed, we can maintain an optimistic perspective on how nuclear waste can be effectively managed.

Here’s an expanded, optimistic outlook as I see it on the current approaches and advancements being made to handle nuclear waste: Long-Term Storage Solutions One of the primary methods for managing nuclear waste revolves around the implementation of long-term storage solutions that are both secure and environmentally conscious. Geological repositories, such as Finland’s Olkiluoto facility and Sweden’s Forsmark, have been designed with the objective of securely storing nuclear waste deep underground, where it can remain isolated from the surrounding environment for thousands of years, effectively minimizing any potential risks to public safety and ecological systems. The planning and construction of these repositories involve extensive research and adherence to stringent safety regulations, ensuring that they are equipped with state-of-the-art technology and robust safety measures.

Recycling and Reprocessing Thanks to remarkable advancements in recycling technologies, it has become increasingly possible to recover valuable materials from spent nuclear fuel, significantly contributing to a more sustainable nuclear energy cycle. Countries like France are at the forefront of this initia-

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tive, leading the way in reprocessing spent fuel to extract precious elements such as plutonium and uranium, which can then be reused in the creation of new fuel. This not only reduces the quantity of waste generated but also optimizes resource usage, illustrating a significant step forward in making the nuclear fuel cycle more circular and environmentally sound. The ongoing development of innovative materials and methods for recycling fosters a promising future in which waste can be transformed into valuable resources.

Innovative Research and Development Researchers across the globe are working to explore and implement novel methods for the effective management of nuclear waste. Ongoing studies include advancements in the development of high-performance materials for containment that enhance the safety and longevity of waste storage solutions. One particularly exciting area of research is transmutation, the process of changing radioactive isotopes into less harmful ones, which could drastically reduce the long-term hazards associated with nuclear waste.

In addition, scientists are investigating deep borehole disposal options, where waste could be placed in deep geological formations, providing yet another promising avenue for safe management. Each step taken in this realm results in significant progress, equipping us with a broader toolkit to tackle the challenges that accompany nuclear waste management.

Public Engagement and Education Increasing engagement with communities and the public regarding nuclear waste management is becoming an

essential part of the discourse surrounding this topic. There is a growing recognition that transparency and active dialogue are pivotal in building trust and fostering a deeper understanding of the safety measures and technological advancements currently in place.

By ensuring that communities are well-informed and involved, we empower them to participate in decision-making processes regarding nuclear waste management effectively.

Initiatives aimed at educating the public not only enhance awareness but also promote a more informed and engaged citizenry, which is crucial for the future of nuclear energy.

International Collaborations An inspiring trend is the rising collaboration among countries when it comes to addressing nuclear waste management strategies. Nations across the globe are coming together to share their research, technologies, and best practices, bolstering international efforts to establish common standards and enhance safety protocols. These cooperative endeavors demonstrate a collective commitment to treat nuclear waste management as a global concern that transcends borders.

By pooling resources and expertise, countries can optimize their approaches and ensure that the well-being of people and the planet is prioritized. We only need to hope that the development between US, Europa and China will not discourage this cooperation.

I EDITORIAL I

Meeting the Norwegian Ambassador to Finland, Wegger Chr. Strømme NINA IVARSEN During our visit to Finland, we went to Helsinki with YS, and we got to vissit the Norwegian Ambassador to Finland. He gave an interesting lecture and did tell us much about our neighbor that we did not know, it was useful and informative.

Finland has a longer border with Norway than with Sweden. The Finnish language is very difficult, both spoken and written.

The Finnish military doesn’t need complicated decoder centers, they already have such a difficult language that hackers haven’t been able to fool them yet.

Finland is a flat country, there are few mountains except in the north. Finland consists of a lot of forest and lakes. The population is concentrated in the south-

west. There are about 5.6 million people, of which 4.5 million live in Helsinki and the surrounding areas. Lapland lies towards Norway and about 100,000 people live here in Rovaniemi a sub-region of Finnish Lapland and one of the sub-regions of Finland since 2009. It consists of the municipalities of Ranua and Rovaniemi. In contrast, about 400,000 people live in northern Norway, so we have a significantly larger population in the north.

The Finnish border is closed towards Russia in contrast to the Norwegian one.

Storskog is where you cross from Norway into Russia, this area is called Murmansk.

Storskog is a border crossing station on

the Norwegian side of the Norway-Russia border, along the European route E105 highway. The crossing is located in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county on the Norway side of the border.

The Russian side is in Boris Gleb in Pechengsky District in Murmansk Oblast.

There is a border crossing station on the Russian side also, and both have to be passed to enter the opposite country.

There is a duty-free shop in Russia between the stations. Storskog is the only legal land border crossing between Norway and Russia. The station lies in the far northeastern part of Norway, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) east of the town of Kirkenes in Norway and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Nikel.[2]

The Russian military facilities in the north have been emptied, they are in Ukraine and fight in the ongoing war. We remember the border crossings from 2015, when a lot of Russians came over the border controls on bicycles over Storskog.

That is one of the reasons Finland closed its borders. 300,000 people have Swedish as their first language in Finland.

100,000 have Russian as their first language. Many came from Karelia in 1945 after Russia took the country. Karelia is

YS negotiates salary and working conditions on behalf of 226,000 members in our 13 YS unions. YS is one of four main organizations on the employee side.

an area in Finland and Russia, between Lake Kvitsjøen and the Gulf of Finland.

About 23,500 square kilometers belong

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to Finland, while the majority lies on the Russian side, in the sub-republic of Karelia. The Republic of Karelia is one of 21 republics in the Russian Federation located in the northwestern corner of Russia. The Republic of Karelia is the eastern part of the area of Karelia, which is shared between Russia and Finland, and is usually called East Karelia in Norway.

The republic lies between the Baltic Sea in the southwest and Lake Kvitsjøen in the northeast. The large lakes Ladoga and Onega border the republic to the east. Formal borders are with Finland and the Russian Federation subjects of Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, Vologda and Leningrad. The Republic is divided into 18 raiony (district). The capital, Petrozavodsk, is the administrative center of the republic.

The history of Finland and Norway is very different. From 1807 to 1917, Finland was Russian territory under the Tsar, at that time the Tsar was the Grand Duke. After the 1st World War, they became independent. The Grand Duchy of Finland (also Age of Autonomy, Russian Age, Imperial Age) is the period in Finland’s history when the country was a partially self-governing part of the Russian Empire. Finland had been an integral part of Sweden for more than 600 years, but after several wars Russia conquered all the Finnish territories. The Grand Duchy of Finland was established and subject to the tsar’s suzerainty but was given a large degree of autonomy which led to the emergence of Finland as a self-governing entity.

The period lasted from 1809 to 1917 and during these 108 years Finland went through three phases: From 1809 to 1863 the staff union was consolidated, and the Finnish authorities were allowed to keep the Gustavian constitution.

Throughout this phase, the Finns gradually succeeded in convincing the Russians of their loyalty to them. In the period 1863 to 1906, Finland gained increasing independence, where in particular the country day was re-established. Finnish also became an official language on a par with Swedish, and trade with the outside world increased greatly as a result of economic liberalization and currency reform. Finland underwent an industrial revolution from the 1860s, driven by the forest industry.

Economically, the country was strongly

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linked to Russia, and the economic policy involved only a limited liberalization of the markets.

Finland’s history is bloody. There have been many wars over time. It is only 2 hours from Saint Petersburg to Helsinki.

If you cross the sea, it is only 50 km to Estonia. Saint Petersburg formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is located on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601,911 residents as of 2021 with more than 6.4 million people living in the metropolitan area. Saint Petersburg is the fourth-most populous city in Europe, the most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world’s northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. As the former capital of Imperial Russia, and a historically strategic port, it is governed as a federal city. The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the site of a captured Swedish fortress and was named after the apostle Saint Pete.

Norway and Finland are close to each other today. The countries of northern Europe are close friends. Sweden has led this good cooperation; they have had a far better economy and a well-established welfare society. They escaped World War II. Sweden also has an upper class that we in Norway have always had.

Once all NATO members had ratified Finland’s Accession Protocol and Finland had accepted its accession to NATO nationally, Finland became a member of NATO on 4 April 2023.

The ambassador to Finland, Wegger Chr. Strømme

When Finland and Sweden joined NATO, Norway gained a strategically safe neighbor.

Funn facts; the road in Finland is built as an airplane landing site.

• As much as 84% of the oil that is imported comes from Norway. It represents about 5-6 billion, but they don’t buy any gas.

• Finland has an army of 280,000 people and an army of 900,000 that can be mobilized immediately. Finland ware model is that the women mobilize society and men fights, this model is old-fashioned and if they were to mobilize, they would probably also have to modernize the model.

• Finland wants to manage the EU’s defense policy itself, as does Poland.

• The USA is the largest of the nation’s investing in Finland.

FINLAND THEN AND NOW

Morten Jentoft, journalist and nonfiction writer, employed

by NRK for over 40 years, with in-depth knowledge of Russia and Finland NINA IVARSEN

As a conclusion to our visit in Helsinki, we met Morten Jentoft at The Finnish Design Museum.

Morten Jentoft (born 22 July 1956) is a Norwegian journalist. He was the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation correspondent in Helsinki, Finland at the end of the Cold War. He made the first documentary ever aired on TV 2, titled “Olgas lange reise” together with Odd Isungset.

After some time working foreign affairs in the radio’s news division, he was hired as the correspondent in Moscow, commencing in 1996. He left in 2000. He has authored several books, with themes revolving around Russia. He then had another round as correspondent in Moscow from 2014 to 2018.

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Known for its unique blend of modern design and historic architecture, Helsinki has many interesting areas to explore. Jentoft, located near the city center, is a neighborhood that combines trendy cafes, art galleries and picturesque streets. A city walk here gives you the opportunity to discover both the traditional and the modern in the city.

Start your city walk by meeting up at one of the local cafes, such as Café Jentoft, where you can enjoy a lovely cup of coffee or tea. The cafes in the area are often filled with local residents and provide a wonderful atmosphere to start the day. After working up some energy, take a stroll to the nearby Jentoft Art Centre, where you can explore exhibitions from both local and international artists. The art center promotes creativity and gives visitors the opportunity to enjoy the Finnish art scene.

Furthermore, you can wander around the area and admire the interesting architecture. Jentoft has a mixture of modern buildings and older, historic structures that bear witness to the area’s development over time. Take time to take pictures and appreciate the unique details of the buildings.

When you’re ready for a break, visit one of the nearby parks, such as Jentoft Park.

Here you can take a leisurely stroll, enjoy the fresh air and maybe even see some local residents relaxing with a picnic. The park provides a beautiful backdrop for some reflection and tranquility.

End the city walk with a visit to one of Jentoft’s local restaurants or cafes where you can taste Finnish specialties.

Museum of Finnish Architecture and Design Museum Collections in Numbers The Museum of Finnish Architecture and Design Museum, with their internationally unique collections, merged at the beginning of 2024. The museums’ collections now comprise: 75,000 objects 550,000 drawings

The design museum also focuses on

280,000 photographs

themes such as sustainability and

850 miniature models

social responsibility in the design process, which is particularly relevant in today’s society. Many

Helsinki, Finland’s vibrant capital, is known for a number of museums

of the temporary exhibitions deal

that highlight the city’s rich cultural heritage, art and design traditions.

with relevant topics, new trends

One of the most important museums in this context is the Design

and innovative designers.

Museum Helsinki.

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Nina at the Design Mu seum trying out a Finnish Design

Design Museum Helsinki

Collections and Exhibitions

The design museum was established in 1873, and it aims to preserve, display and promote Finnish design. The museum plays an important role in documenting the development of Finnish design history and has a wide range of collections that include everything from furniture design to graphic design and fashion.

The museum’s exhibitions include both permanent and temporary exhibitions.

The permanent exhibition showcases highlights from the museum’s extensive collection of Finnish design, including famous designers such as Alvar Aalto, Eero Saarinen and Marimekko. There is also a collection of modern design products, where visitors can gain an insight into how Finnish design has developed over time.

With an increasing focus on sustainability and environmental awareness, the Design Museum works actively to show how design can contribute to a more sustainable future. This includes supporting local designers and initiatives that promote sustainable production and material selection.

The Finnish working life model STTK meet President Antti Palola NINA IVARSEN

The Finnish Confederation of Professionals (STTK) is a politically independent and diverse organization of trained professionals. STTK consists of 13 member unions and has around 420,000 members. They represent professionals and experts in Finnish workplaces. They can be seen as the equivalent to YS in Norway. The STTK was founded in 1946, to represent STTK’s counterparts are the Central Organization of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK) and the Confederation of Unions for Academic Professionals in Finland (AKAVA).

The Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden have the highest trade

municipality and state and employees in the health sector, congregations, forestry and the rescue area.

• Central organization for higher education in Finland Akava. Akava comprises 36 member organizations representing highly educated workers such as teachers, doctors, economists, lawyers, researchers and engineers.

Trade unions in Europe The European Trade Union Confederation was set up in 1973 to promote the interests of working people at the European level and to represent them in the European Union institutions. It is recognized by the European Union, the Council of Europe, and the European Free Trade Association as the only representative cross-sectoral trade union organization at the European level.

union density rates.

Some countries, such as Germany, The STTK got its current form in 1993 when most of the unions affiliated with the bankrupt Confederation of Salaried Employees joined the original STTK, founded in 1946.

Austria, Belgium, Sweden, Finland, and the other Nordic

erations, one for academically educated and one for branches with lower education level. The largest Swedish union confederation is the blue-collar Swedish Trade Union Confederation (Landsorganisationen, or LO). The LO has about 1.5 million members (including pensioners), which is a sixth of Sweden’s population (Swedish blue-collar density in 2000 was 83% and in 2019 60%; the total density of blue-collar + white-collar employees in 2019 was 68%).

Finland’s equivalent is the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions, with about one million members out of the country’s 5.2 million inhabitants. In addition, there are two other Finnish union confederations for more educated workers, with combined membership of approximately one million. In Denmark union density in 2015 was 68%.

In comparison, France has one of the lowest union densities in Europe, with only about 10% of the workers belonging to unions.

countries, have strong, centralized unions, where

They believe that working life develops through cooperation. We create prospects for the future, strengthen dialogue and encourage action for a fair working life. The trade unions’ central organizations in Finland. Most trade unions in Finland are affiliated to one of the three major central organizations.

• Finland’s Fackförbund Centralorganisation (FCC). The FCC comprises 18 member organizations representing workers in industry, the public sector, transport, the private service sector, communications, culture and sport.

• Tjänstemannacentralorganisationen STTK. STTK comprises 13 member organizations that represent employees in both the public and private sectors within industry and service, such as employees in the

every type of industry has a specific union, which are then gathered in large national union confederations.

The largest union confederation in Europe is the German Confederation of Trade Unions.

Usually there are at least two national union confed-

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OUR EMPLOYEES DON’T JUST WANT A JOB

They Want an Opportunity to Thrive NINA IVARSEN Fostering a Culture of Appreciation In today’s dynamic and ever-evolving workplace environment, the need for increasing employee recognition has emerged as a pivotal strategy for enhancing overall morale, boosting productivity, and nurturing a profoundly positive organizational culture. Recognizing and valuing employees not only fosters a sense of belonging but also naturally motivates them to perform at their absolute best.

Engaged employees are the driving forces behind any successful organization, and appreciation acts as a catalyst in brightening their work experience.

Let’s explore various effective strategies that can elevate employee recognition within your organization and create an uplifting atmosphere for everyone involved.

Recognition is a fundamental human need; it fundamentally fulfills the inherent desire to be seen, appreciated, and

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valued for one’s contributions to a team or organization. When employees feel appreciated—when their efforts do not go unnoticed—they are much more likely to be engaged, committed, and productive in their roles. Such an environment where recognition is prioritized invariably leads to several fantastic benefits: Employees who feel recognized are much less likely to seek employment elsewhere, enabling organizations to retain their best talent. Additionally, a culture of appreciation significantly helps reduce turnover rates, ultimately saving organizations considerable time and resources on recruitment and training.

Recognition can not only significantly boost an employee’s emotional connection to their work but also result in dramatically higher levels of enthusiasm and

commitment to organizational goals and objectives.

When employees know that their contributions are not just acknowledged but genuinely appreciated, they tend to perform at a higher level. Recognition can spark motivation, effectively driving individuals to exceed expectations and take the initiative in their tasks.

Celebrating achievements, both big and small, fosters stronger relationships among team members, encouraging collaboration and unity within the workplace. This kind of teamwork can lead to innovative solutions and a more harmonious work environment.

Strategies to Increase Employee Recognition It’s essential to establish a structured recognition program that clearly outlines how employees will be recognized for their contributions. This program could

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contain various methods, including awards for outstanding performance, “Employee of the Month” honors, or peer-to-peer recognition initiatives that empower everyone to acknowledge and appreciate their co-workers openly.

In today’s war for talent, organizations and leaders are looking for strategies to attract and retain their top performers while increasing organic growth and employee productivity. From offering new perks to designing

of appreciation throughout the organizational landscape.

Implement Regular Feedback Cycles It’s crucial to encourage managers to provide consistent, constructive feedback to their teams. Performance reviews should align with recognition—acknowledging accomplishments during reviews helps reinforce positive behavior and motivates continued excellence among team members.

• Top performers need to know their efforts are recognized and valued

Regularly solicit employee feedback on recognition initiatives to ensure they flourish. Understanding what employees truly value can inform and strengthen recognition strategies, ensuring they resonate powerfully with staff members.

Increasing employee recognition is much more than just acknowledging outstanding performance;

flexible workplaces, company efforts to optimize the workplace

• Employee recognition isn’t

it is a commitment to creating an

are as strong as ever.

one-size-fits-all

environment where everyone

Acknowledge work anniversaries, project completions, or significant personal achievements (like graduations or certifications) with enthusiasm. Celebrating these milestones makes employees feel genuinely valued and fosters a sense of community that can be uplifting and inspiring.

It’s essential to tailor recognition efforts to suit individual preferences as much as possible. Some employees may appreciate public acknowledgment during team meetings, while others may prefer a heartfelt, private thank-you note. This kind of personalization shows that you value employees’ individuality and understand their unique preferences.

Recognition is a powerful and cost-effective way to improve organizational performance.

Leverage internal social media platforms or bulletin boards to showcase employee accomplishments and celebrate achievements enthusiastically. This not only amplifies recognition but also promotes transparency and encourages a culture

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Instead of saving recognition solely for special events or performance reviews, incorporate it into everyday practice.

Simple gestures, such as a genuinely heartfelt thank-you, can convey deep appreciation and encourage a robust culture of recognition throughout the workplace.

feels valued and appreciated for • Money isn’t the only, or even the top, form of recognition Host Recognition Events Organize regular events dedicated to recognizing and rewarding employees for their hard work. This could range from quarterly award ceremonies to team lunches, or even virtual celebrations that bring everyone together, creating a festive atmosphere centered around appreciation and community spirit.

Create opportunities for colleagues to acknowledge one another’s contributions actively. Peer recognition can foster camaraderie and a sense of community, allowing employees to appreciate the efforts and talents of their teammates, enhancing morale even further.

Equip leaders and managers with training on the importance of recognition and effective ways to implement it.

Acknowledgment from leadership can have a profoundly positive impact, so leaders must model recognition as an integral part of their regular interactions with their teams.

their unique contributions.

By diligently implementing strategies that foster consistent and meaningful recognition, organizations can significantly enhance employee satisfaction, drive engagement, and cultivate a thriving workplace culture that benefits everyone involved.

As we embrace the incredible potential of recognition, let’s take a moment to remember that each acknowledgment creates positive ripples that extend far beyond the individual—shaping a positive and heartening organizational climate where every employee feels empowered, motivated, and connected to something greater.

References: Gallup.com: Engaged employees are not just a “nice to have.” According to Gallup’s latest Q12® meta-analysis, there is a direct correlation between engagement at work and organizational outcomes.

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I EDITORIAL I

REDESIGN AND AUTOMATION EFFICIENCY

Strategic redesign of business processes in the digital age NINA IVARSEN

A Pathway to Future Success In today’s fast-paced and highly competitive world, businesses are constantly seeking innovative and effective ways to improve efficiency and streamline their operations. This pursuit is where redesign and automation come into play, acting as powerful catalysts for transformation that can shape the future of an organization. When effectively implemented, these strategies not only enhance productivity but also foster an environment rich in innovation and growth within organizations of all sizes.

Business processes are commonly improved by enacting changes, i.e., redesigning the business processes. For instance, client–server architecture enabled the re-engineering of business processes. Likewise, the internet enabled automating specific business processes by allowing online self-service.

The Power of Redesign Redesign refers to the comprehensive reevaluation and reconstruction of processes, systems, and workflows to ensure they align with current business goals and market demands. By meticulously assessing existing structures, businesses can identify various bottlenecks and redundancies that may be hindering overall performance and productivity. This evaluation allows teams to gain a deeper understanding of the core purpose of each process, enabling them to eliminate unnecessary steps and create space for introducing new, more effective method-

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ologies that can better serve the organization’s objectives.

For instance, consider a manufacturing company grappling with long lead times and inefficiencies due to outdated practices. By redesigning the production line layout and integrating just-in-time inventory systems, the company can significantly reduce waste while simultaneously improving output quality. This positive shift not only enhances operational effectiveness but also boosts employee morale, as team members find themselves engaged in a more fluid and harmonious workflow. It’s a win-win situation that illustrates how impactful redesign can be when approached with careful planning and creativity.

Once processes are thoughtfully redesigned, the next vital step is to integrate automation. Automation, which involves the use of cutting-edge technology to perform tasks that were traditionally carried out by humans, dramatically reduces the time and effort required for various operations. By automating repetitive and mundane tasks, organizations can empower their workforce to focus on more strategic, high-level, and creative initiatives that can lead to significant business advancements.

For example, in the realm of customer service, businesses can utilize sophisticated chatbots to handle routine inquiries and provide instant support to customers.

This not only elevates the overall customer experience through immediate responses but also allows human agents to dedicate their time and expertise to complex issues that require personal attention and nuanced understanding. This shift not only improves customer satisfaction but also optimizes operational efficiency, allowing companies to serve their clients better and grow their reputation in the marketplace.

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New technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and automation are rapidly changing the future of Industrial and Product Design (IPD) by altering the conventional design process. With robots taking up more and more of the repetitive work that people in organizations have traditionally performed, it is the expectation that the designers, among other people, will shift their practices to be more creative, strategic, and people oriented.

Building a Culture of Continuous Improvement The most successful organizations are those that recognize that redesign and automation are not merely onetime activities but rather essential components of an ongoing journey toward excellence. Establishing a robust culture of continuous improvement encourages teams to regularly assess and embrace new technologies and methodologies as they evolve. By fostering a mindset that welcomes change and innovation, companies can posi-

tion themselves to respond rapidly to emerging trends and challenges, ensuring they remain competitive and relevant in their industries.

Moreover, investing in employee training and development is crucial for ensuring that staff members are equipped with the skills needed to adapt to redesign and automation effectively. When employees feel supported and empowered in their roles, they are much more likely to engage fully in the process, contribute fresh ideas, and drive meaningful innovation throughout the organization. This creates a thriving workplace culture centered on collaboration and shared success.

The thoughtful integration of redesign and automation efficiency creates an incredible opportunity for businesses to not only survive but truly thrive in an ever-evolving landscape.

By reevaluating processes, embracing technology with open arms, and nurturing a culture of continuous improvement, organizations can unlock unprecedented potential and achieve remarkable growth. The journey ahead may present numerous challenges; however, the rewards are boundless and well worth pursuing.

References: Data & Knowledge Engineering, Volume 154, November 2024, 102367 Strategic redesign of business processes in the digital age: A framework Fredrik Milani, Kateryna Kubrak, Juuli Nava https://doi.org/10.1016/j.datak.2024.102367

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MEET ASTRID RUSAAS KRISTOFFERSEN

Group Director Research & Development LIN BEATE KARSTEN About you

I live in Lier just outside Drammen. This is quite near where I grew up in Tranby. I am married and have 2 grown-up children. They are 27 and 30 years old. I just became a grandmother for the first time.

What kind of professional expertise and work experience do you have?

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I have a major in applied mathematics from the University of Oslo. I have worked for 5 years with software development within aircraft navigation systems. I also have a PhD in Physics from the University of Oslo, specializing in Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD. I completed my PhD in 2005 and spent 1 year at Berkeley as a visiting researcher. It was a very nice time.

I had both my children with me, who were then in 1st and 4th grade.

opment department in Aibel that was acquired by ABB offshore systems. I worked there as a project manager within multiphase flow and product development for separating oil, water and gas. I came into the company with new professional expertise. The most exciting thing about that role was that when working with flow assurance you come across many different systems and I had the opportunity to develop a system understanding.

I started working before I finished my doctorate. This meant that I completed it in the evenings for six months. After that, I started my first job in the oil industry, in a Research and Devel-

I worked on many different projects and was considered an expert in several areas. I really enjoyed it. Gradually I was asked to take on management responsibility. At first, I had profes-

I INTERVIEW I

Glade dager med feiring av min datters bryllup

COP29 møte med IMO presidenten Arsenio Dominguez for å diskutere dekarbonisering i Maritime industri.

sional management responsibility, but eventually it became a more general management role.

like to kayak, but I must mention that I’m a good-weather paddler. I don’t go out in all kinds of weather.

I started at Kongsberg Gruppen in 2012. In Kongsberg I worked both within oil and gas and in maritime. I worked in several different roles, from sales and business development to P&L responsibility. A great learning experience for me was sale of business units, and M&A activities. When Kongsberg oil and gas as a business area was closed and transferred partly to Kongsberg Digital and partly to Kongsberg Maritime, I transferred to Maritime business area. I was given the responsibility for a business area that delivered control systems and electrical systems to both Oil and Gas and Maritime with P&L responsibility. We delivered new electrical products as well as new control systems for the Johan Sverdrup platform.

So, for me, I enjoy spending time in the mountains both summer and winter. I also enjoy being at home, we are very privileged to have beautiful nature where we live.

I had interactions with DNV several times during my time before joining DNV. What I remember best about my involvement with DNV was when I worked with erosion modeling in Flow Assurance, which I found interesting.

Your role in DNV

What do you do when you’re not at work?

When I’m not at work, I really enjoy being with family and friends. That is something I spend a lot of time on. I also use a lot of my leisure time working with flowers and plants, I enjoy that a lot. I take cuttings from plants, grow tomatoes, etc.

Then, like many other Norwegians, I also like to be in the mountains and go skiing. We have a cabin in Tunhovd. I also

I also enjoy reading books. I really like Jan Guillou’s books. But the last book I read was called “Lessons in Chemistry”. It was very entertaining. The author, Bonnie Garmus, has only written one book. It was on hold for a year, but when I read it, I really liked it.

I also read a lot of professional literature, but I like to read something funny and entertaining every now and then.

I am the head of group R&D. My role involves having a longer horizon regarding what is happening within the technological trends across our business areas. We strive to understand how technologies and industries are evolving and transforming, how this impacts standards and regulations, and hence how assurance needs will change.

We ask ourselves: how can new assurance needs be met, and what do we need to do to prepare to meet these needs. GRD started to do research in the area of AI several years ago and was prepared to develop a recommended practice to comply with the new EU AI Act at the right time. We also use AI to develop new ways to do assurance. As an example, drone inspections of ship hulls with AI enabled tools to do inspection of corrosion and cracks.

Right now, we are mapping 42 different technology areas related to planning for the new strategy period. There we will Continuation on the next page » 29

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make prioritizations, and make priorities based on DNVs world view, our assurance role as well as GRD role to build future positions for DNV. We will focus on the areas that have high risk, need expertise and will lead to a complex regulatory regime.

Astrid med GRD på besøk hos Minalab i Oslo

The digital transformation and Energy transformation opens new opportunities for DNV. New technologies result in new risks to our industries. We respond by researching how these changes are affecting safety and security and develop new solutions in how to manage the risk.

We also work with outlooks and forecasts. These outlooks and forecasts give our customers and stakeholders insight into developments, it guides DNVs’ own decision making and profiles and position DNV as a knowledge partner. Energy Transition Outlook is something most people are familiar with, but we also give out a forecast on the ocean future to 2050.

We work closely with several business areas in DNV. For example, we are working closely with Åkerblå to develop new standards for the aquaculture industry with the aim of protecting fish health and protecting the ocean.

How is it to work in DNV? DNV is a very interesting place to work if you are curious. For example, about how things work. People who work here are so interested in science and science-based truth. We strive to work based on facts, not on opinions. That is something I find very exciting to be a part of.

Every day I learn something new and have interesting conversations with colleagues. That is an element that makes it fun and motivating to work here. In addition, we have a very strong set of values and our purpose. All in all, it’s a nice place to be and something that I’m proud to be a part of. In fact, more and more every day.

I also think it is important to have a job that fits your personality, and I feel like my role and the company is a really good match with my personality.

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På skitur med pappa Sigmund Rusås Pensjonert DNVer

About Astrid: • Commercial mindset – installs processes for control and prognosis, driving improvements and bottom line • Challenges the existing and identifies areas for improvements – identifies needs for improvements and drives changes and transformations • Strategic mindset - Strives to understand the value chain and how external factors impacts the organization, business models, competence areas, suppliers etc.

• Engagement – Curious engagement in crossfunctional dialogue to drive strategy and transformations with an open, warm and passionate style.

DNV is a place where I can focus on cultivating my curiosity and working with talented people.

• Analytical and systematic approach- Structures the work for leadership tasks, delegation, improvements, and execution

Something else that is unique is that everyone knows what our purpose is. It is a very value-driven company. I see that as a huge asset, that everyone knows in which direction we shall go.

• Autonomy, Automation, Safe & Secure AI -Process Modelling & Simulations, Digitalization

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Digital health our strategy for growth Danile Holt Larsen and Mille Sofie Stenmarck Korsgaard at the marketplace SMC

NINA IVARSEN

Digital Health Towards 2035 Innovations Shaping the Future of Healthcare** As we journey into the future, the landscape of healthcare is undergoing a remarkable transformation fueled by technological advancements and innovations in digital health. By 2035, we can anticipate significant changes that will improve patient care, enhance health management, and streamline healthcare delivery. Embracing these advancements, the digital health sector holds the promise of a more accessible, efficient, and patient-centered healthcare system.

The Evolution of Digital Health Digital health refers to the convergence of technology and healthcare, encompassing various tools and solutions designed to improve health outcomes.

These include telemedicine, mobile health applications, wearable devices, artificial intelligence (AI), and electronic health records (EHRs). As we move toward 2035, these technologies will continue to evolve and play an increasingly critical role in the healthcare ecosystem.

Telemedicine: Continuity in Care Telemedicine has already proven itself as a vital component of healthcare, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

By 2035, telehealth services are expected

to be deeply integrated into routine medical practice, allowing patients to access healthcare from the comfort of their homes. Virtual consultations will become commonplace, enhancing the accessibility of medical expertise regardless of geographical barriers. This will not only reduce wait times but also enable timely interventions for patients, ultimately leading to better health outcomes.

Personalized Health Solutions The future of digital health will see a significant shift toward personalized health solutions. Advances in data analytics and genomics will allow healthcare providers to offer tailored treatments and preventive measures based on individual health profiles. By 2035, AI algorithms will analyze vast amounts of health data—from genetic information to lifestyle habits— enabling healthcare professionals to provide highly personalized recommendations. This shift toward personalized medicine will empower patients to take control of their health, making informed choices that suit their unique circumstances.

Real-Time Health Monitoring Wearable devices—ranging from smartwatches to advanced health monitors— will become increasingly sophisticated

and integral to everyday health management by 2035. These devices will enable users to monitor vital signs, track physical activity, and assess overall health in real-time. The data collected will not only inform patients about their health but also provide valuable insights to healthcare providers, allowing for more proactive care. Continuous health monitoring will enhance early detection of potential health issues, enabling timely intervention and reducing hospitalizations.

Enhanced Interoperability and Data Security As digital health technologies continue to expand, ensuring seamless interoperability between various systems will be essential. By 2035, we can expect significant improvements in data-sharing standards, allowing healthcare providers and patients to access comprehensive health information effortlessly. Interoperable electronic health records will enable clinicians to gather a more holistic view of a patient’s health history, improving diagnostic accuracy and care coordination. Additionally, robust data security measures will be crucial to protect sensitive health information, maintaining patient trust in digital health solutions.

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AI and Machine Learning Transforming Diagnostics

Digital Health - A New Era of Wellness and Accessibility

The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into healthcare processes will revolutionize diagnostics and treatment plans by 2035. AI algorithms will assist in analyzing medical images, identifying patterns, and predicting patient outcomes with remarkable accuracy. Healthcare providers will leverage these tools to make informed decisions, ultimately reducing misdiagnoses and improving patient care. Furthermore, AI-driven virtual health assistants will provide patients with instant answers to their queries, enhancing their understanding of health-related issues.

In an ever-evolving world where technology touches every aspect of our lives, digital health is emerging as a transformative force that is reshaping the way we approach healthcare. With the potential to enhance accessibility, improve patient experiences, and revolutionize health management, digital health represents a bright future for individuals and communities everywhere. The possibilities it offers are not just exciting; they are essential for promoting a healthier world.

Health Education and Empowerment Digital health will play a vital role in empowering patients through education and engagement. By 2035, easy access to reliable health information via mobile health applications and online platforms will enable patients to take an active role in their health management. These resources will help individuals make informed decisions about their health, from managing chronic conditions to adopting healthier lifestyles. Enhanced patient engagement will foster a collaborative relationship between providers and patients, leading to improved health outcomes.

A Transformative Future

Firstly, digital health dramatically improves access to healthcare services, especially in remote or underserved areas.

Telemedicine has gained remarkable traction, enabling healthcare professionals to connect with patients far away from traditional healthcare facilities. Imagine a patient in a rural village being able to consult a specialist in a bustling city without the lengthy travel. This not only saves time but also ensures timely medical

Looking toward 2035, the future

advice, which can be lifesaving.

of digital health is filled with hope and promise. The convergence of telemedicine, personalized health solutions, wearables, and AI will create a healthcare landscape that prioritizes accessibility, efficiency, and patient-centered care. As we embrace the digital revolution, we will witness a shift toward proactive and preventive healthcare, ultimately leading to healthier individuals and communities.

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With digital health tools, we are breaking down geographical barriers and fostering a more inclusive healthcare system.

Moreover, digital health empowers individuals to take control of their own health. With wearable devices and mobile applications, people can monitor their activities, diet, and vital signs in real-time. This constant awareness encourages healthier habits and promotes proactive health management.

Imagine having a personal health coach available at your fingertips, guiding you through your fitness goals and helping you maintain a balanced lifestyle. Such tools transform health management from a reactive to a proactive approach, leading to improved well-being for everyone.

Digital health also plays a crucial role in preventive care. By leveraging data analytics and artificial intelligence, healthcare providers can identify trends and potential health risks before they escalate into serious issues.

For example, wearable technology can alert individuals to irregular heart rates, prompting timely medical consultation.

This shift from a reactive to a preventive mindset holds the promise of significantly reducing the burden of chronic diseases and healthcare costs in the long run.

Furthermore, global digital health initiatives are fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing across borders. In a world where health challenges know no borders, sharing data and best practices is essential to tackling pandemics and health disparities. Digital health platforms can facilitate international cooperation, allowing healthcare professionals to learn from one another and collectively address global health crises. The rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic showcased the power of technology in uniting efforts to combat diseases across the globe.

Online forums and social media groups provide spaces for individuals facing similar health challenges to connect, share experiences, and offer encouragement.

This sense of community can significantly enhance mental health and resilience, reminding people that they are not alone in their journey. Digital health allows us to create a supportive ecosystem where individuals can uplift one another and foster a culture of empathy.

In this optimistic vision of the future, collaboration among stakeholders—healthcare providers, technology developers, policymakers, and patients—will be essential to drive innovation and ensure equitable access to digital health solutions. By working together, we can create a robust digital health ecosystem that delivers quality care while safeguarding patient privacy and security.

The journey ahead is not just about improving technology; it’s about transforming healthcare into a more inclusive, empowering, and empathetic experience.

Together, we can shape a future where digital health transcends barriers, enhances well-being, and fosters a healthier world for everyone.

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MEET PETTER GJØRVAD

Director Performance and Assurance Solutions LIN BEATE KARSTEN About you

I was born and raised in Hønefoss. I now live at Stabekk, and I am married. We have 4 children, 2 girls and two boys. The two oldest are 27 and 30 years old and the two youngest were adopted from Brazil. They are siblings who came to us in Norway together when they were 2 and 8 years old. The youngest is now 17 years old, so all the children will soon be adults.

I moved to some friends outside Chicago when I was 17 and was ready to start my studies at the University of Illinois. But I was brought home when I was 19 by my mother who thought I should at least finish high-school before I left home for good.

I have also lived abroad in my professional career, both in Stockholm and in Copenhagen. This was during the period I worked for Accenture. Now I spend a lot of time in France with my family growing olives and preparing for my other “career” as a French farmer.

What kind of professional expertise and work experience do you have?

I have a Master in Material Science from NTNU, combined with a Master in Industrial Engineering (Indøk). My heart is within the material science field, and I like to call myself a metallurgist.

After my studies I worked for several years in the consulting business for Accenture. I worked with IT for 8 years. My fields

of expertise were change management and system integration.

Later I became a consulting director at Oracle in Norway and eventually for Scandinavia. I was there for 8 years.

From 2006 I was involved in starting up companies. I worked at Scatec as Vice President for Business Development for almost eight years. During the same period, I was also the CEO of Continuation on the next page » 33

I INTERVIEW I

Petter 60 years with 3 children

Olive harvesting

Norsk Titanium (NTi), one of the Scatec companies that I founded. NTi is a company with the purpose of developing and industrializing new cost efficient and environmentally friendly technology based on 3D printing of critical industrial parts.

I still have my part of the company, and I am happy to see that it is developing well with production facilities both in Norway and in the US and even being listed at the Oslo Stock exchange. As a part of the Scatec family, I was also involved in setting up several other companies like Scatec Solar, Thor Energy that later turned into Thor Medical, Norsun and several others. I really believe in and enjoy combining deep domain and industry knowledge with entrepreneurship to create increased value for our society, our customers and ourselves. And I guess this was the main reason why I decided to join DNV after Scatec and Norsk Titanium.

For many years I was a customer of DNV. I worked with titanium and used DNV to test the parts. So, when I started working here, I knew the lab well. After a while the job with titanium came to the point where it changed from entrepreneurial to industrial production and I decided to withdraw.

Then the opportunity came at DNV to work within Software. It was something that suited me very well. It is very interesting to work in a knowledge driven company that also works with IT. I worked as Global Consulting Director in DNV Software until 2021. That’s when I started in the role I have today.

What do you do when you’re not at work?

We live in an old house from 1680. So, I do a lot of renovation and maintenance. When my daughter was going to tell some friends what I do, she answered carpentry. That being said, working on the house is therapy for me. I have a great passion for old things. We have bought a house in France, more specifically in Lorgues. This is an even older house and there I can

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The Gjørvad family

stack some stone walls and do maintenance. We have 70 olive trees there which we use to produce olive oil in case I get bored.

We have a cabin in the mountains, near Rondane. I really like skiing, so we spend a lot of time there, but mostly in the winter.

We are lucky and privileged to have several places to go to when we have time off. So, it becomes a kind of rotation. We spend the winter in the mountains and some in France. We often spend the summer near Tønsberg, at Bolærene. There is not much that can beat a nice Norwegian summer.

I also really enjoy cooking. We are lucky to have Bent Stiansen as a neighbor in France, so there are opportunities to learn a little. We are going down tomorrow and spending Easter there.

It is asparagus season now; it is so delicious and can be prepared in many ways but is also very good lightly cooked with a little butter.

Your role in DNV My role in DNV is Director Performance and Assurance Solutions. We have the responsibility to develop and deliver services and solutions within the areas of supply and demand modeling, digital twins and information modelling, assurance of digital assets, digital strategy and transformation services.

I also have a team of innovation specialists that can drive new products and business development. Performance and Assurance solutions consist of 70 dedicated colleagues located in Norway, UK and the Ukraine.

One of our key goals is to help position and develop DNV’s services related to the future of assurance and energy transition enabled by new digital technologies. Our job is to engage with all business areas, customers and regulatory bodies and innovate together to create value from new products and services enabled by AI and digital technologies.

• Future plans in Performance and Assurance Solutions We have created a program where we the ambition is to “explore and pilot how to protect and expand DNV’s position as a leading assurance company in a digitalized future?”

I INTERVIEW I

Operator

The digital assurance value chain enabled by AI and standard based digital representations Where should DNV play in this ecosystem?

Supply chain

Trust by Assurance Compliance dashboard Reporting

Compliance checking

Operational asset model Generic standard based asset model Requirements specification

Asset or equipment documentation

Contextualize standards

Standard to Digital requirements

ISO, IEC, Standard Norge etc.

Industry organizations Regulating authorities 8

DNV ©

We are now at the stage where we are piloting automated and digital assurance solutions within aquaculture, O&G and for regulatory authorities.

The future of assurance program aims to scale, have an impact and create value for our customers, the industry and DNV in a digitalized future. The best way to achieve this is to explore and innovate together with the experts in the DNV Business Areas, with committed customers and the industry.

We are working on five customer driven pilots where we are testing and demonstrating the central assumptions of automated assurance.

We see a lot of opportunities and some challenges within the future of assurance.

If we assume that AI can soon perceive, understand, summarize, identify patterns, make sense of, create, reason, plan, solve problems, make decisions and use of tools, as well as or better than humans. How will this shape the Future of Assurance?

We see the opportunities as the following: Independent 3rd party role still important, trust and confidence in digital assets, standardization, domain knowledge, contextualization, new services with a longer time span and recurring business models In addition, we have identified some challenges. These are that the core assurance process is automated and how we will deliver our services will change, AI and contextualization replacing domain services, data acquisition and integration is crucial, customer interaction changing (which can lead to trust without human interfaces/” human-in-the-loop”. Another challenge might be the new way of working related to Value chain and partnerships, remote delivery model and integrating with customers systems and processes.

Based on the work in this program we have asked for input from the board of directors on how to protect and expand DNV’s position as a leading assurance company in a digitalized future in relation to a changing competitive landscape, positioning DNV in a digital value chain and exploring and growing new opportunities. The general conclusion is that it is important to understand the changes driven by AI and digitalization and be prepared for how this might impact our core business.

How is it to work in DNV? I have worked in American companies and with startups for the most of my professional career, then I have worked in DNV. I have to say that working in DNV is extremely motivating. The fact that DNV is so purpose-driven is something I really like. In addition, there is a lot of good professional expertise and committed people here. The combination of deep domain and industry knowledge and the focus on innovation and thought leadership combined with the customers’ trust in our brand gives us unlimited possibilities if we work together. We still have a way to go when it comes to optimizing all our skills and experience across the different business areas and adopting and embracing the opportunities that lie in change. Today, there is an increasing need to be able to change direction more quickly. All in all, I really enjoy working in DNV. I have always liked startups too, but I feel very privileged to be able to work with what I do now. I have had the opportunity to work for 12 years in an organization full of highly skilled colleagues and is driven by a very meaningful purpose, that’s rewarding.

Closing words Working here is incredibly motivating, and I believe it is a prerequisite for success. In addition, I think that working cross BA will become more and more important in the future.

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I EDITORIAL I

Real time assurance of AI NINA IVARSEN

A short story; what is Artificial Intelligence?

ChatGPT and Microsoft 365

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence - perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information - demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by humans.

applying AI to solve engineering

AI has two main domains: rule-based systems (search based) and machine learning (data-driven) models. Generative AI is a branch of data-driven AI that focuses on creating new content or data from scratch, such as text, images, music, or code. Generative AI is a game changer because it creates new possibilities for innovation, creativity, and problem-solving - increasing the value of AI, but also increasing the risk of AI use.

AI has become a household term over the past year, with the rapid advances of Generative AI and Large Language Models, such as

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Copilot. However, we have been

challenges since the 1940s.

gate risks, and facilitate smoother integration of AI technologies into daily operations across all sectors.

Real-time assurance encompasses a wide range of activities aimed

Since the advent of digital computers, significant progress has been made in programming computers to handle complex tasks, from predicting the behavior of interconnected systems, such as weather and wind farms, to playing chess.

Building Confidence in Intelligent Systems As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to permeate various sectors, from healthcare to finance and beyond, the need for real-time assurance in AI systems becomes increasingly critical. In essence, real-time assurance refers to the mechanisms and practices that ensure AI operates safely, effectively, and ethically while demonstrating an ability to respond to changes, challenges, and nuances in the environment in real time.

The aim of these practices is to build stakeholder confidence, proactively miti-

at validating and enhancing AI systems’ performance in actual operating conditions. This inclusive approach covers various aspects, including ensuring that AI algorithms are functioning as intended, closely monitoring for anomalies or unexpected behaviors, and making necessary adjustments in a timely manner to optimize their performance continuously.

Given the dynamic nature of data, as well as the ever-changing environments in which AI operates, real-time assurance becomes essential for mitigating risks, especially in high-stakes applications such as autonomous vehicles, medical diagnostics, and other critical domains where human lives and well-being are on the line.

Decision Transparency

One of the key components of real-time assurance is the continuous and meticulous monitoring of AI systems. This involves tracking a wide array of performance metrics, such as accuracy, speed, and reliability, to ensure that the AI is consistently meeting its intended objectives. By employing advanced and comprehensive monitoring tools, organizations can quickly identify deviations from expected outcomes and take swift, effective action to rectify them before they escalate into significant issues. This proactive approach is particularly crucial in industries like healthcare and finance, where the consequences of errors can be devastating and far-reaching.

By utilizing interpretable models

Building trust in AI systems hinges significantly on promoting transparency in decision-making processes. Real-time assurance involves providing stakeholders with clear, comprehensible explanations of how AI arrives at its conclusions.

cols. The implementation of real-time assurance mechanisms can significantly aid organizations in detecting biases as they arise, enabling them to recalibrate their AI models promptly to ensure equitable outcomes and foster a more just society.

Privacy Protection

and offering insightful perspectives into algorithmic decision-making, organizations can alleviate concerns about biases, unfair practices, and opaque processes. This kind of transparency not only fosters confidence

With AI systems often relying on vast amounts of personal and sensitive data, it’s crucial to ensure that privacy is upheld and protected. Real-time assurance tools should incorporate extensive measures to safeguard sensitive information, detect data breaches, and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. By prioritizing privacy as a core tenet, organizations can build a solid foundation of trust with users, ensuring that their data is handled responsibly and ethically, reinforcing their confidence in the technologies.

among users but also ensures accountability for AI-generated

The significance of real-time

outcomes, thus laying the ground-

assurance of AI cannot be over-

Implementing robust and effec-

work for a more trustworthy

stated; it is essential for fostering

tive feedback loops is essential for

technological landscape.

confidence and reliability in

the continual refinement of AI systems over time.

By collecting data on AI performance and analyzing user interactions, organizations can gain invaluable insights into how the system operates in real time.

This information can then be utilized to fine-tune algorithms, enhance decision-making processes, and adapt to ever-changing conditions. For instance, in customer service applications like chatbots, analyzing user queries and feedback allows organizations to constantly improve the chatbot’s responses, making it not only faster but also more effective over time, adapting to user needs and preferences.

As we continue to embrace the multitude of benefits that artificial intelligence offers, ensuring that ethical considerations are ingrained within the framework of real-time assurance is vital for maintaining and fortifying public trust. Implementing robust guidelines and best practices that prioritize fairness, accountability, and privacy is essential in this endeavor. This goal means developing AI systems that are not only efficient and effective but also fair, inclusive, and human-centered, placing the values and rights of individuals at the forefront.

Continuous monitoring should also encompass identifying and addressing potential biases within AI systems. Biased algorithms can lead to unfair treatment and discrimination, particularly in sensitive areas such as hiring practices, lending criteria, and law enforcement proto-

intelligent systems, paving the way for their broader adoption across diverse industries.

By focusing on continuous monitoring, implementing effective feedback loops, and embedding ethical considerations at every level, organizations can ensure that their AI systems operate safely and effectively, adapting seamlessly to changes in real time.

As we navigate forward into a future that is increasingly shaped and influenced by AI, prioritizing trust and accountability will be paramount for sustained success.

By incorporating the right real-time assurance practices, we can harness the tremendous potential of AI while safeguarding the interests and rights of individuals and society.

References: DNV: Exploring the benefits of Artificial Intelligence in Energy Systems, Haynes, Matthew Owen Internal Communications Manager, Published 29/02/2024

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I EDITORIAL I

Emerging technologies quantum computing NINA IVARSEN

Emerging technologies, quantum computing represents one of the most exciting and transformative technologies of our time, with the astounding potential to revolutionize various fields, from cryptography to complex problem-solving. As we venture into this new frontier of technology, it’s crucial to understand what quantum computing is, how it operates, and the myriad implications of its emergence on our daily lives and future innovations.

At its core, quantum computing leverages the profound principles of quantum mechanics, a branch of physics that delves into the fascinating behavior of atoms and subatomic particles. Unlike classical computers, which utilize bits as the smallest unit of data represented as

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0s and 1s, quantum computers harness quantum bits or qubits. What makes qubits particularly extraordinary is their remarkable ability to exist in multiple states simultaneously, thanks to a property known as superposition. This revolutionary feature allows a quantum computer to perform an astonishing number of calculations at once. The result? Vastly amplified processing power when tackling specific, intricate tasks, leading to unparalleled efficiency and speed.

Another crucial principle of quantum computing is entanglement, a fascinating phenomenon where qubits become linked in such a way that the state of one qubit can directly influence the state of another, regardless of the geographical distance between them.

This remarkable interconnectedness empowers quantum computers to engage in solving problems that would require classical computers thousands, if not millions, of years to compute.

As researchers and scientists continue to delve deeply into this domain and refine these technologies, the potential applications appear to be boundless and awe-inspiring.

Quantum technology could enable an eco-friendly, networked transportation environment. To transform things, data must flow seamlessly from auto-computers to external computers (Grandi et al., 2024). Quantum machines can handle enormous amounts of data faster than classical computers, making data sharing possible. Using quantum technology, massive datasets may be quickly and easily managed, and data can be fed into AI systems for finer-grained pattern and anomaly detection.

In dynamic fields such as cryptography, quantum computing holds the promise of breaking traditional encryption methods, which can lead to the swift development of quantum-resistant algorithms that can secure our digital information in unprecedented ways. Companies and governments around the globe are investing heavily in quantum technology to maintain their competitive edge in the critical cybersecurity landscape. Furthermore, various industries, including pharmaceuticals, are exploring the capti-

I EDITORIAL I

vating potential of quantum computing for drug discovery. It enables the simulation of intricate molecular interactions at speeds that were once thought impossible, thereby accelerating the development of life-saving medications.

Beyond that, quantum computing has the potential to significantly impact artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, two domains that are already reshaping our world. By processing vast amounts of data with greater efficiency and speed, quantum algorithms could greatly enhance the training of AI models, resulting in more sophisticated and responsive systems capable of tackling complex challenges.

Quantum technology has the ability to significantly impact worldwide advancement, even prior to the complete deployment of quantum machines. Quantum technology for communication, computation, and sensors has the capacity to revolutionize many industries, and several nations are making investments in this promising field. This includes research investments from both the public and commercial sectors.

Despite its immense potential, however, there are notable challenges to overcome before quantum computing can be fully realized and seamlessly integrated into our technological landscape. Issues such as error rates, qubit coherence

times, and the necessity for extremely low operating temperatures present significant technical hurdles. Nevertheless, researchers are making incredible progress every day; with the collaborative efforts of scientists, industry leaders, and governments, we are moving closer and closer to achieving practical and scalable quantum computing solutions that could change the world as we know it.

Quantum computing stands at the precipice of altering our world in remarkable and transformative ways. As we continue to explore, innovate, and harness the vast capabilities offered by this powerful technology, the possibilities are virtually limitless. Embracing the emergence of quantum computing not only represents a monumental leap in computational power but also brings us closer to innovative solutions to some of humanity’s most challenging and pressing problems.

Organizations will use quantum-enhanced cybersecurity to defend their digital assets and infrastructure. These include quantum-resistant encryption and key distribution (Bernstein and Lange, 2017). Quantum computing-enhanced cybersecurity can help companies prepare for emerging threats in today’s digital environment. A quantum machine may resolve mathematical inquiries in microseconds; hence, a post-quantum encryption system protects traditional data encryption (MacQuarrie et al., 2020). The purpose of post-quantum digital technology was to safeguard the foundations and techniques of symmetrical cryptography against quantum attacks. Current commercial quantum machines cannot replace traditional supercomputers due to the difficulty in scaling up the amount of qubits achieved at this point.

The future is indeed bright, and the exhilarating journey toward a quantum-enabled world is just beginning.

References and illustrations: Journal of Economy and Technology, 18 July 2024 Transforming Research with Quantum Computing Sukhpal Singh Gill, Rajkumar Buyya https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ject.2024.07.001

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SUSTAINABILITY AND FOOD SAFETY

Effective occupational health and safety management in advancing global agrifood sustainability NINA IVARSEN Global organizations are concentrating on workplace safety to reduce detrimental health effects, economics, society, environment, corporate reputation, and desired productivity to achieve sustainability in the agricultural, food, and fisheries sectors. The present state of industrial worker occupational health management systems, exposure to pesticides/chemicals, use of PPE, and causes of safety accidents across the global industry are highlighted in published articles on the current Research Topic, along with recommendations for suitable management strategies to enhance worker health and safety for enhancing world agri-food sustainability.

A Harmonious Journey Towards a Healthier Future As we uniquely advance into an era profoundly marked by escalating environmental challenges and pressing health concerns, the intersection of sustainability and food safety distinctly emerges as a pivotal and essential focus for our society. Ensuring that our complex food systems are not only safe but also sustainable is not just vital for individual well-being; it is also crucial for the overall health and longevity of our planet.

This optimistic journey towards a healthier future deeply hinges on innovative practices, robust collaboration, and a steadfast commitment to holistic approaches within the food industry.

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The Importance of Food Safety Food safety stands as the very foundation of public health and societal well-being.

Each year, contaminated food can lead to serious illnesses, affecting millions around the globe with foodborne pathogens. Ensuring that food is safe to consume is paramount, as it influences not only the health of individuals but also the overall integrity and reliability of our food systems. As consumers increasingly become more conscious and informed about what they put into their bodies, the demand for transparency—especially in food production and safety measures—continues to rise exponentially. A commitment to food safety not only protects individuals but strengthens community trust in food systems.

Linking Sustainability and Food Safety Sustainability in food systems refers to the implementation of practices that adeptly meet current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own unique requirements. The connection between sustainability and food safety is both profound and crucial for creating a resilient food ecosystem. Sustainable agricultural practices—such as crop rotation, organic farming, and responsible water management—not only enhance soil health and biodiversity but also significantly minimize the risk of food contamination. By

promoting biodiversity through varied agricultural practices and reducing the use of harmful chemicals, we can create a much safer food supply for everyone involved in the food value chain.

Climate change, geopolitical crisis and the disruption in food supply chains have significantly impacted access to safe and secure food across the globe.

Regenerative Agriculture This innovative and forward-thinking practice is focused intensely on rebuilding soil health, sequestering carbon, and enhancing biodiversity within agricultural systems. By emphasizing organic methods while diligently reducing synthetic inputs, regenerative agriculture not only improves food safety through healthier crops but also contributes to long-term environmental sustainability, ensuring we leave a flourishing planet for generations to come.

Local Food Systems Embracing local food production can significantly enhance both food safety and sustainability. Shortening supply chains reduces the risk of contamination

Francesco di Sarno and Andrea Gallo presents at the meeting place at SMC

during transportation, leading to fresher and more nutritious produce. Additionally, supporting local farmers plays a pivotal role in enhancing the local economy, fostering community relationships, and encouraging environmentally friendly farming practices that benefit us all.

waste management system, from collection to disposal; finding

and nutritious for longer periods while minimizing waste.

long-term solutions necessitates

A significant increase in areas

involving all participants in the

covered by agricultural land is

food supply chain, from farmers

undoubtedly needed to feed the

Waste Reduction

and manufacturers to distributors

Food waste has become a significant concern in today’s world, with nearly a staggering one-third of all food produced globally going uneaten. Sustainable food practices aim to minimize this waste, which has a direct impact on food safety and availability. By implementing better inventory management systems and food preservation techniques, we can ensure that significantly more food remains safe for consumption rather than being discarded, thereby enhancing food security for all.

growing population, especially in

and consumers. In addition to

low-income countries. However,

food waste management, main-

the opening of new arable land is

taining food sustainability and

quite limited, especially in the

security globally is crucial so that

context of environmental devasta-

every individual, household, and

tion. Therefore, any changes in

nation can always get food. (2)

the elevation of land use for

Food waste has been identified as one of the major factors that constitute numerous anthropogenic activities, especially in developing countries. There is a growing problem with food waste that affects every part of the

Innovative Solutions for a Safer Future Technology plays a crucial and transformative role in enhancing both sustainability and food safety. Innovations such as blockchain technology can considerably improve traceability within the food supply chain, allowing consumers to verify the origin and safety of their food confidently. Additionally, advancements in food preservation methods and innovative packaging solutions can help extend shelf life and reduce spoilage, ensuring that food remains safe, fresh,

growing crops need to consider potential environmental pressures, such as elevation of CO2, GHG emission, and evapotranspiration.

Collaboration is Key The journey towards a sustainable and safe food system unequivocally requires collaboration among a diverse range of stakeholders, including farmers, manuContinuation on the next page » 41

facturers, retailers, community organizations, and consumers alike. By working together harmoniously, we can create a vibrant culture of safety and sustainability that prioritizes health and well-being.

Comprehensive educational initiatives that promote awareness of food safety practices, as well as the many benefits of making sustainable choices, can empower consumers to make informed and responsible decisions that align with their values and needs.

A Brighter Future Ahead In conclusion, sustainability and food safety are not merely compatible goals; they are interdependent components of a thriving, resilient food system. As we navigate the complexities and challenges

of the 21st century, embracing sustainable practices while rigorously ensuring food safety will enable us to nourish our bodies effectively while simultaneously protecting our planet for future generations.

Despite substantial efforts to address global megatrends, substantial interventions and transformative changes are imperative to redefine food systems. The unequivocal imperative for heightened food production, particularly in developing nations, arises from the substantial population growth, coupled with a burgeoning demand for locally sourced food. Projections indicate an anticipated surge to 700 million small-scale agricultural producers by the year 2030.

Together, we can cultivate a vibrant food culture that values health, safety, and environmental stewardship, fostering a brighter, more optimistic future for all.

By prioritizing these interconnected values, we are not only safeguarding the integrity of our food supply but also taking proactive and meaningful steps toward a healthier, more sustainable world. The journey ahead is exuberantly filled with promise and potential, and with collective effort, commitment, and shared vision, we can make a substantial and lasting impact on the future of food, ensuring generations to come have the resources and knowledge they need to thrive.

The pervasive issue of food and nutrition security demands urgent attention on a global scale. This challenge affects diverse populations worldwide and is compounded by multifaceted factors. Achieving sustainable food and nutrition security for smallholders and communities necessitates a comprehensive, interdisciplinary strategy, urging collaboration among experts from various fields. Addressing this complex issue requires innovative, unconventional approaches to surmount existing challenges.

Challenges such as insufficient resources, inadequate infrastructure, and limited market accesses are formidable barriers that must be dismantled for effective progress. To overcome these hurdles, it is imperative to identify existing building blocks across diverse sectors. Leveraging these building blocks can pave the way for an incremental progress strategy, steering us towards a holistic systems vision. An incremental approach allows for the integration of diverse components within the food and nutrition system. By identifying synergies and interrelated, systems-oriented strategies can enhance the resilience and efficiency of the entire food and nutrition ecosystem. A holistic and integrated perspective addresses the root causes of these issues, offering a path towards a more sustainable and equitable food system.

Embracing such an approach is crucial in shaping a resilient future, safeguarding global communities against the persistent challenges of food and nutrition insecurity. (4)

References: 1) Frontiers, Public Health, 12 July 2024, Sec. Occupational Health and Safety Volume 12 - 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1438907 2) New insights in food security and environmental sustainability through waste food management 3) Food Waste Generation and Management Strategies and Policies, Published: 29 March 2023, Volume 31, pages 17835–17857, (2024)

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4) Journal of Geochemical Exploration, Volume 267, December 2024, 107596, The science of food safety and their health impacts Author links open overlay panel, Amit Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Danijela Arsenov, Monika Thakur, Ashok Kumar, Ashish Khokhar, Chandra Shekhar Seth, Rupesh Kumar https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107596

I EDITORIAL I

Medical device certification NINA IVARSEN

The global medical device market is governed by a broad range of national and international regulations and medical equipment certification standards. These regulatory requirements are complex and vary between regions, which can make it challenging to gain medical approval for your products in your target market.

Ensuring Safety and Efficacy in Healthcare In the ever-evolving healthcare landscape, the certification of medical devices is critical for ensuring that products are safe, effective, and designed to meet regulatory standards. The certification process not only paves the way for market entry but also builds trust among healthcare providers, patients, and stakeholders. Let’s explore the significance of medical device certification, the steps involved in the certification process, and the various regulatory bodies that oversee these essential procedures.

Medical device certification serves multiple essential purposes Patient Safety The foremost goal of certification is to ensure that medical devices do not pose any risk to patients. By undergoing rigorous testing and evaluation, devices can be validated for safety and efficacy, ensuring that they meet the highest health standards.

Regulatory Compliance Certification helps manufacturers comply with local, national, and international regulatory requirements.

Non-compliance can lead to recalls, fines, and damage to brand reputation.

Certification provides a pathway for manufacturers to demonstrate their commitment to quality standards.

Market Acceptance Certification can streamline the approval process for medical devices, granting manufacturers quicker access to different markets. A certified device is often viewed more favorably by healthcare professionals, thereby enhancing marketability.

Quality Assurance The certification process includes comprehensive evaluations and audits that verify a manufacturer’s quality management system. This improves manufacturing processes and product reliability, contributing to better overall healthcare outcomes.

The process for medical device certification can vary based on the device classification and regional regulations but typically includes the following steps Determine D evice Classification Medical devices are classified based on their risk to patients. Generally, devices fall into three categories: Class I - Low-risk devices (e.g., bandages, surgical instruments) that typically require general controls.

Class II - Moderate-risk devices (e.g., infusion pumps, catheters) that may require special controls and guidelines.

Class III - High-risk devices (e.g., pacemakers, implantable devices) that require premarket approval (PMA).

Continuation on the next page » 43

Manufacturers must compile detailed technical documentation that demonstrates compliance with regulatory standards. This documentation should include design specifications, manufacturing processes, test results, and risk assessments.

Regulatory Review

Conduct Clinical Trials (if necessary)

Achieve Certification

Depending on the device’s classification and claims, clinical trials may be conducted to gather evidence of safety and efficacy. These trials provide invaluable data and can be a significant part of the certification application.

If the device meets all regulatory requirements, it will be granted certification. This may be in the form of CE marking in Europe or FDA approval in the United States.

This certification must be visibly displayed on the device’s packaging as evidence of compliance.

Submit Application for Certification Manufacturers must submit a certification application to the relevant regulatory body, which may involve a premarket notification (510(k)) for Class I and II devices, or a comprehensive application for Class III devices.

Key Regulatory Bodies Involved in Medical Device Certification Different regions have their own regulatory agencies that oversee the certification process for medical devices.

The regulatory body conducts a thorough review of the submitted documentation, which may include audits of the manufacturing facility and additional requests for information.

Post-Market Surveillance After receiving certification, manufacturers are responsible for ongoing monitoring of the device’s performance in the market. This includes reporting any adverse events, conducting regular inspections, and maintaining compliance with quality management systems.

the medical device industry.

World Health Organization (WHO):

Some key players include

The WHO provides guidance on global health standards, including the safety and efficacy of medical devices and aids in establishing international regulations.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA):

Medical device certification is an

In the United States, the FDA defines the regulatory framework for medical devices, ensuring that they are safe and effective before they enter the market.

The FDA reviews premarket submissions and oversees post-marketing surveillance.

integral part of the healthcare ecosystem that safeguards patient safety, ensures product quality, and promotes compliance with regulatory standards.

European Medicines Agency (EMA): In Europe, the EMA works alongside national health authorities to assess medical devices and market authorization applications, particularly for high-risk devices. The CE mark signifies compliance with European health and safety requirements.

Health Canada: In Canada, Health Canada regulates medical devices through a classification system. Health Canada ensures that devices meet safety and effectiveness standards before being marketed.

By understanding and navigating the certification process, manufacturers can effectively bring innovative medical devices to market while instilling confidence in healthcare professionals and patients alike.

As we continue to witness rapid advancements in medical technology, the impor-

tance of certification will only grow, enabling healthcare organizations to adopt the latest innovations while upholding the highest standards of safety and efficacy. In this journey, collaboration between manufacturers, regulatory bodies, and healthcare professionals is vital to ensure that certified medical devices continue to improve patient outcomes and enhance the quality of care, her DNV is a trusted partner to be sustainable and safe.

Approval of medical devices for sale or distribution in the European Economic Area Since May 26, 2021, Regulation MDR (EU) 2017/745 replaces the former EU Directive on medical devices (93/42/ EEC). As a legal basis, it describes requirements and conformity assessment procedures that must be met before medical devices are introduced into the European Economic Area. For medical devices of classes Is, Im, Ir, IIa, IIb and III, cooperation with a Notified Body is required.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO): ISO develops international standards for medical devices, including ISO 13485, which outlines the requirements for quality management systems specific to Tone Kolpus and Juby Ninan at the marketplaces SMC

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I EDITORIAL I

The electric grid is burning NINA IVARSEN A Call for Immediate Action and Innovation as we find ourselves living in an era defined by unprecedented technological advancement, the importance of maintaining a stable and reliable electric grid has never been more crucial. The electric grid is not merely a network of power lines and substations; it is the lifeblood of our modern society. It powers our homes, businesses, and industries, ensuring that our daily lives run smoothly. However, recent developments coupled with the growing strains on our electric infrastructure have led to a concerning conclusion: metaphorically speaking, the electric grid is burning—and these burning carries potentially dire consequences that could impact countless lives, communities, and industries if proactive measures are not taken promptly.

The Current State of the Electric Grid

Our electric grid, which serves as the backbone of modern

factors that magnify the susceptibility of the grid to failures and outages.

In many regions, the grid is reaching its limits, while extreme weather events, such as prolonged heat waves and violent storms, are causing further strain. This alarming situation raises questions about the reliability and safety of our electric systems.

Recent reports of widespread outages and failures in several states across the nation serve as stark reminders of the vulnerabilities that lie within our current infrastructure.

Moreover, the rapid transition to renewable energy sources, while absolutely vital for achieving sustainable energy independence, presents additional challenges that must be carefully navigated. The integration of solar, wind, and other renewable technologies into the existing grid requires modernization and comprehensive updates to our aging infrastructure.

society, is currently under significant pressure from

If we fail to address these

various fronts, each exacerbat-

pressing challenges adequately,

ing the situation. Aging infra-

we risk pushing our grid into an

structure, increased demand for

even more precarious position,

electricity, and the several

one that could easily be de-

far-reaching effects of climate

scribed as “burning,” teetering

change are all contributing

on the edge of collapse.

Contributing Factors to Our Grid’s Vulnerability - Aging Infrastructure Many components of the electric grid are decades old and, in some cases, have not seen significant investments in upgrades or maintenance. This aging infrastructure is increasingly susceptible to failures, leading to diminished reliability during periods of peak usage or adverse weather conditions. It’s time we recognize that neglecting these essential components is a recipe for disaster.

As society becomes more electrified, driven by the growing prevalence of electric vehicles and smart home technologies, the demand for electricity continues to surge. Our outdated grid systems are struggling to keep up with this escalating demand, which can lead to overheating and subsequent failures that disrupt our daily lives.

Climate Change The impacts of climate change are becoming more pronounced, with increasingly severe weather events posing significant risks to the electric grid. From hurricanes that topple power lines to relentless heatwaves that strain electricity consumption, the consequences are tangible and destructive. These realities lead to widespread outages and immense damage, often disproportionately affecting vulnerable communities.

Cybersecurity Threats In the digital age, as we embrace advancements in technology, the electric grid has also unfortunately become a target for cyberattacks.

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I EDITORIAL I

These threats can disrupt service and compromise not just the operational integrity of the grid but also the safety of the entire system, leading to potentially severe repercussions for millions of people.

Innovation and Reform Amidst these daunting challenges, it’s crucial that we take decisive and sustained action to reform and innovate our electric grid systems. Here are some proactive steps that can be adopted and implemented to address the burning issues threatening the reliability of our electricity infrastructure:

Governments and private sector stakeholders must prioritize investments in grid modernization, recognizing the urgent need for action.

This includes upgrading aging infrastructure, incorporating smart grid technologies, and enhancing energy storage capabilities. By doing so, we can build a more resilient and adaptive electric grid that can withstand the challenges of the future.

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As we transition toward a greener energy landscape, investing in technologies that facilitate the seamless integration of renewable resources into the grid is absolutely essential.

This may involve building advanced energy management systems and expanding transmission capacities to effectively accommodate a diverse range of energy sources.

The notion that “the electric

Protecting our electric grid from cyber threats is paramount in this era of increasing digitalization. By implementing stronger cybersecurity protocols, conducting regular assessments, and fostering collaboration with cybersecurity experts, we can ensure that our grid remains resilient and secure in the face of evolving cyber challenges and threats.

electric infrastructure and

Involving communities in the planning and development of local energy initiatives not only empowers them but also fosters a greater understanding of the importance of the grid. Community-driven projects, such as microgrids and localized energy solutions, can further enhance energy resilience while promoting shared responsibility.

truly relies on innovation,

Embracing technological advancements, such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT), can dramatically improve grid management, responsiveness, and overall efficiency. Real-time data analytics can lead to proactive decision-making, allowing us to identify and address potential issues before they escalate into larger problems.

grid is burning” should not be taken lightly—it serves as an urgent call to action. By recognizing the imminent challenges that are facing our

taking vigorous, proactive steps to address them, we can avert potential crises that could affect the lives of millions. The future of our grid

investment, and a steadfast commitment to building a resilient and reliable energy system.

Together, we possess the remarkable opportunity to construct a more robust electric grid that not only meets today’s demands but also anticipates the evolving needs of future generations. Embracing this challenge with unwavering optimism and determination will lead us to a world where clean, reliable electricity is accessible to all, where the electric grid burns brightly, not out of desperation, but as a beacon of progress and sustainability, illuminating the path forward for the entire planet and offering hope for all humanity.

I EDITORIAL I

Remi Eriksen, Andreas Ringman Uggla, Lasse Kristoffersen, Manon von Beek, Adam Niklewski, Birgit Aagaar-Svendsen, Fredrik Baksaas, Ingvild Sæther, Christian Venderby, Nina Ivarsen, Jon Eivind Thrane and Chen Jianxin. Photo: Rikke Helén Adde

ERICSSON INNOVATION – THE 5G TECHNOLOGY

DNV - Board of Directors visited customers in Stockholm NINA IVARSEN Ericsson stands proudly at the forefront of innovation in the telecommunications industry, constantly redefining how we connect and communicate in our fastpaced, rapidly evolving world. With a rich and illustrious history that spans over an impressive century, Ericsson has firmly established itself as a global leader in providing state-of-the-art technology and ground-breaking solutions that empower both businesses and individuals alike, allowing them to thrive in an increasingly interconnected environment.

tomer Ericsson for a tour and an existing session on the global telecom industry.

experiences to the intricate workings of smart city applications.

Stepping boldly into the 5G era is not solely about increasing speed;

One of the pivotal areas where

it is a gateway that opens doors

Ericsson is making truly significant

to a multitude of remarkable

advancements is in the develop-

possibilities. These include

ment of 5G technology.

groundbreaking advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT), the

When the board of directors together with management visited Stockholm on 20th of March, we also visited our cus-

As our world shifts towards faster, more reliable networks that can handle the demands of modern society, Ericsson is pioneering a range of innovative solutions designed to enable seamless connectivity for all. This enhancement affects everything from mobile user

fascinating world of augmented reality (AR), and the incredible potential of artificial intelligence (AI) integration. The revolutionary

Continuation on the next page » 47

I EDITORIAL I

At the office of Eriksson

At the DNV office in Stockholm, CEO Remi Eriksen

impacts of these technologies are poised to transform numerous industries, including healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing, improving the quality of life for millions.

In addition to its technological prowess, Ericsson is heavily committed to sustainability and climate action, demonstrating a profound sense of responsibility toward our planet. They are ardently dedicated to minimizing their environmental footprint by developing innovative energy-efficient technologies and solutions that contribute to a decrease in carbon emissions. This unwavering dedication to sustainability not only plays a crucial role in the collective fight against climate change but also positions Ericsson as a

48

visionary leader in the development of green technologies that can inspire other sectors to embrace eco-friendly practices and follow suit, creating a ripple effect of positive change.

Furthermore, innovation thrives within Ericsson owing to its strong emphasis on collaboration and partnership. By engaging with a diverse array of stakeholders, including dynamic startups, renowned

academia, and other industry leaders, Ericsson cultivates a vibrant ecosystem rich in ideas and creativity. This collaborative spirit does more than simply accelerate the pace of innovation; it nurtures an environment where breakthrough ideas can not only germinate but also flourish and be brought to fruition, enabling a collaborative approach to solve complex challenges.

Through its unwavering dedication to innovation and its commitment to a sustainable future, Ericsson is not merely transforming the telecommunications landscape; it is actively shaping a future in which connectivity transcends being a mere convenience, it emerges as a powerful tool for growth, efficiency, and sustainability that can drive meaningful changes in society.

GLOBAL EMPLOYEE FORUM

10 April 2025 at Høvik in Norway NINA IVARSEN, CHAIR OF THE GLOBAL EMPLOYEE FORUM - GEF

We held our annual meeting in Norway in April and discussed many current topics, here are a few: Strategy / status update and Q&As – Remi Eriksen, Group CEO supported Camilla Kjelsaas, Sr. Eng. The Norwegian Transparency Act and related Human Rights topics – Gesa Heinacher-Lindemann Group Compliance Officer and Oda Aslaksdatter Jendal, Legal People update – Gro Gotteberg, Chief People Officer Digital Solutions - Business and People – Kenneth Vareide, CEO Digital Solutions and Marianne Engebrigtsen, People Dir. DNV Ventures – Kåre Helle, Venture Director DNV Strategy updates and input – Rune Torhaug, DNV Strategy 2026-30 project mgr. and Director of EU Government and Public Affairs

Photo: Camilla Kjellsaas

49

INCLUSIVE WORKING LIFE IN NORWAY

Background and 2025 Updates

Ellen Margrethe Pihl Konstad, HVO in DNV

ELLEN MARGRETHE PIHL KONSTAD

The concept of paid sick leave in Norway dates back to 1918, initially covering only government employees. In 1978, the National Social Insurance Act (Folketrygdeloven) extended this right to all workers, introducing full pay during sick leave. This legislation also included the right to stay home with sick children (Permisjon ved barns sykdom).

Today, Norway offers one of the most generous sick leave systems in the world, providing employees with full salary for up to one year when they are unable to work due to illness.

IA Agreement Inclusive working life (IA) is a Norwegian tripartite cooperation to prevent and reduce sickness absence, strengthen job attendance and improve the working environment, as well as prevent exclusion and dropout from working life. The first agreement was for the period 2001– 2005. The agreement has been re-negotiated several times, and the current agreement is for the period 2025-2028.

Its primary goals are to reduce sickness absence, increase employment among people with disabilities, and extend the working life of older employees. Companies that sign the agreement commit to measures that prevent and reduce sick leave, facilitate the return to work for those on long-term sick leave, and promote the inclusion of marginalized groups.

New Changes in 2025 1. Enhanced Focus on Mental Health: New measures support employees’ mental well-being, including training on mental health awareness and access to resources.

1. Strengthened Measures for Older Workers: Enhanced measures support older workers through flexible arrangements, skills development, and intergenerational collaboration.

2. Focus on Diversity and Inclusion: Stronger emphasis on diversity includes targeted recruitment, mentorship programs, and diversity training.

BUSINESS AREA

3. Integration of Technology: Measures ensure employees have the skills and support needed to adapt to new technologies, including training programs and digital tools.

DNV DNV has consistently maintained a sick leave rate below the national average. In fact, our rate is typically 0.3–0,7 % lower than the average within our business sector.

The recent updates to the Inclusive Working Life (IA) Agreement align closely with areas that DNV, in collaboration with employee representatives through Unio and the Safety Representative organization, is already actively addressing and discussing.

2024

2025

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

DNV Norway

3.6

3.7

3.3

2.9

2.8

3.4

2.9

3.5

Accelerator

2.4

5.4

4.7

5.2

2.3

3.8

3.6

5.1

Business Assurance

6.2

3.5

2.7

3.2

4.7

3.2

1.9

2.3

Achievements and Challenges

Digital Solutions

4.9

3.1

3.0

2.3

2.9

3.4

3.4

4.1

The IA Agreement has yielded positive results, such as reduced sickness absence rates and a more supportive work environment. However, the evolving labor market, influenced by technological advancements and demographic changes, necessitates continuous adaptation of the agreement.

Energy Systems

4.2

3.3

3.3

3.1

3.3

3.5

2.8

3.3

GSS

3.6

4.5

4.5

4.0

3.1

3.9

3.0

4.0

Group

2.7

3.9

2.1

2.8

3.5

3.4

2.2

3.0

Maritime

3.3

3.5

3.4

2.5

2.5

3.4

2.8

3.5

Supply Chain & Product Assurance

4.5

5.5

3.8

5.1

1.2

3.1

3.0

3.1

Veracity

1.5

4.0

4.0

1.3

2.0

1.9

5.2

4.6

In 2024 a staggering 64,2 thousand million was paid out in sick leave compensa-

50

tion, with a total sick leave ending on 5,8 %.

Due to Easter week, the numbers are not comparable for March and April 2024/25. The sick leave numbers tend to drop during vacation times. Sources: Regjeringen.no : STAMI

JOIN VEFF TODAY!

MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS Being a member of a local Norwegian union like VEFF provides many good benefits to workers.

What is VEFF: LIN B. KARSTEN

VEFF https://www.veff.no/

Being a member of a local Norwegian union like VEFF provides several benefits to workers. VEFF is the only union for all DNV employees, regardless of position or education.

VEFF provides support and representation to workers who face issues such as discrimination, harassment, or unfair treatment in the workplace.

In Norway, unions have a strong presence and are an integral part of the country’s labor market. We work closely with our employer to ensure that workers’ rights are protected and that we all receive fair treatment.

Being a member of VEFF provides security in your working life and you will always get support if you need it. You can connect with others who share similar experiences and challenges in the workplace and can receive guidance and advice from union representatives and fellow members.

Overall, being a member of a VEFF can provide numerous benefits to you and your colleagues, including better wages, benefits, and working conditions and legal support.

Here are some links and explanations of what VEFF and PARAT are. Some of the information is in Norwegian. If you have any questions or need assistance to translate, please let us know by sending us an email: veff@dnv.com

As a member of YS and Parat, you will get access to many membership benefits.

What is Parat: This is Parat •

Membership benefits YS

•

Membership benefits Parat

As a member of Parat, you have access to many membership benefits. As a member, you also receive two hours free legal assistance in private cases every year.

If you recruit a new member, the new member will get 2 months free membership, half price on housing insurance for a year, and you will get a gift card with the value of 500 NOK. Use this link to register new members: Bli medlem i Parat

Use this QR code to register new members:

This is Parat

Membership benefits YS

Membership benefits Parat

Lin B. Karsten, Deputy Chair VEFF

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VEFF

WE VALUE FLEXIBILITY AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE A WIN WIN FOR ALL!

Hvordan bli medlem av VEFF

How to become a VEFF member

• Kontakt veff-kontoret: VEFF@dnv.com • Du finner også informasjon på www.veff.no

• Contact the VEFF office: VEFF@dnv.com • You will also find useful information on www.veff.no