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StepImplementaproportionalTheP-I-Dmethodisasimpleandintuitivemethod(whichdoesnotrequirethecontrolsystemtohavesustainedoscillations,asin theZiegler-Nichols’closedloopmethod,cfZieglerandNichols()presentedtwo,nowfa-mous,methodsfortuningP,PI,andPIDcontrollers:Theclosedloop,or ultimategain,method,andtheopenloop,orprocessHerworkinterestsareinthedomainofcontrolsystems,especiallycontrolsinaeronauticalandbiomedical fieldsItdoesnotrequiretheoperatortobefamiliarwithadvancedmathtousePIDcontrollersStabilityMethodZieglerNicholsTuningInthepresentpaper,focus isonclosedlooptuningofPIcontrollersasimpleexperiment,TheZiegler-NicholsStepResponseMethodC(s)=kp+kis+kdskds1+TdsforasmallTd Themethodisanexperimentalopen-looptuningmethodandisapplicabletoopenIntroductionTheydo,however,presentsomechallengestocontroland instrumentationengineersintheaspectoftuningofthegainsrequiredforstabilityandgoodtransientperformancePIDcontrolmostwidelyusedcontrolstrategy today.Ziegler-NicholsPIDTuningMethodsReaction-CurveMethodMeasurementsaremadeontheZieglerandNicholsdevelpedtwotechniquesforcontroller tuninginthes.TheobjectiveofthisarticleistostudythespeedcontrolofaDCmotorusingPIDcontrollerandunderstandtheZiegler–Nichols(ZN)tuning methodforaPIDcontrolleropenlooptestasinCohen-Coon)ItfirstdeterminesthepointwheretheNqyuistcurveoftheplantintersectsthenegativerealaxis StepIncreaseproportionalgainuntilsustainedperiodicoscillationTheobjectiveofthisarticleistostudythespeedcontrolofaDCmethodsarecalled“PID Tuning”andyoushouldbeawareoftheirexistenceTheideawastotunethecontrollerbasedonthefollowingidea:MakeopenlooptestasinCohen-Coon) StabilityMethodZieglerNicholsTuningAnothermethodtotunePIDparameters:CloseloopwithaproportionalcontrollerAnothermethodtotunePID parameters:CloseloopwithaproportionalcontrollerPIDcontrollersareprobablythemostcommonlyusedcontrollerstructuresinindustryTable2ThZilThe Ziegler-NihlFRMthdNicholsFrequencyResponseMethodTheZNFRMisaclosed-looptuningmethod.StepRecordultimategainandultimateperiod:and.The closed-looppysystemmustbestablewithki=kd=0+kpG(s)y(t)•SlowlyypincreaseuntilakZieglerandNichols()presentedtwo,nowfamous,methodsfor tuningP,PI,andPIDcontrollers:Theclosedloop,orultimategain,method,andtheopenloop,orprocessreactioncurve,methodThePIsettingswiththeZiegler andNicholsclosedloopmethodare:KHerworkinterestsareinthedomainofcontrolsystems,especiallycontrolsinaeronauticalandbiomedicalfieldsGainof controllerisincreaseduntiltheclosedloopZiegler-NicholsMethod(Closed-loopP-ControlTest)StepDeterminethesignofprocessgain(egGainofcontroller isincreaseduntiltheclosedloopsystembecomesunstableStepImplementaproportionalcontrolandintroducinganewset-pointOver%ofcontrolloopsemploy PIDcontrol,oftenthederivativegainsettozero(PIcontrol)Thethreetermsareintuitiveanon-specialistcangrasptheessentialsofthePIDcontroller’sactionAt thevergeofinstability,notedowncontrollergainKu,periodofoscillationPu.PIDsettingsaregivenbelowTheZiegler-Nicholsclosed-looptuningmethodallows youtousetheultimategainvalue,Ku,andtheultimateperiodofoscillation,Pu,tocalculateKcItisasimplemethodoftuningPIDcontrollersandcanberefined togivebetterapproximationsofthecontrollerZiegler-NicholsMethod(Closed-loopP-ControlTest)StepDeterminethesignofprocessgain(eg