Adopt a monument

Adopt a Monument Best Practices

An All Saints Day celebration at the Reuharinniemi cairn.

Editors: Miia Hinnerichsen and Tuija-Liisa Soininen Translation: Tomi Snellman Layout: Liina Luoma Cover photo: Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum Published by City of Tampere, Museum Services, Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum Printed by Eräsalon kirjapaino 2016 Tampere Museums' Publications 142 ISSN 1237-5276 ISBN 978-951-609-816-9 ISBN 978-951-609-815-2 (pdf) © Pirkanmaan maakuntamuseo 2

Dear Reader

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Adopt a Monument in a Nutshell

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Under Citizen Stewardship

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Cultural Sustainability

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Sites and Agreements

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Adopting an Ancient Monument – Case of the Reuharinniemi Lapp Cairns

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Adopting a Building – Case of the Messukylä Loan Granary

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Cultural Environment Camps and Community Events

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Information, Management and Networking

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Costs

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Glossary

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Read more

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Vapriikki Photo Archives, Nina Luukko

ADOPT a monument Best Practices

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Dear Reader

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his guidebook is intended for everyone who is planning to start an Adopt a Monument project or who is otherwise interested in the care of our cultural heritage. The Adopt a Monument programme encourages citizens to identify and study objects of cultural and historical value and to keep them in good condition. The museum provides assistance and support, as well as training, excursions and meetings in which participants can learn about cultural heritage and meet other volunteers.

The Adopt a Monument programme – the first of its kind in Finland – was launched in 2008 by the Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum, which operates in the Vapriikki museum centre in Tampere. A year later, following an intense period of planning and establishing of practices for adoption agreements, the first monuments were placed under volunteer management.

The museum’s important work here has been to develop and test methods, which has also involved international cooperation. Archaeology Scotland has been involved in the development of the program since its inception, and 4

over the years many other international bodies have joined on. Archaeology Scotland is an organisation that encourages communities and volunteers to participate in the maintenance and research of Scottish cultural heritage; one of its methods is the Adopt a Monument programme.

In Finland a great deal of work has gone into the development of the programme. Recent efforts have included the establishment of standard agreement practices to safeguard the rights of both landowners and adopters. In addition to ensuring the continuous management of sites, efforts have also been made to facilitate shorter-term participation in cultural environment camps and voluntary on-site management work.

The Adopt a Monument programme initially focused on surveying the suitability of various archaeological sites for adoption. Between 2013 and 2015, the programme was extended to cover the built environment as well. New site types have required new types of operation and have also attracted new types of volunteer groups. The museum’s engagement with

Vapriikki Photo Archives, Nina Luukko

volunteers has developed from standard participatory methods into a new kind of facilitating approach. The challenge has been to create preconditions for the sustainable preservation of cultural heritage that can provide inspiration even after years of management work. After years of trials, the conclusion is unavoidable that sustainable activism for the preservation of the cultural environment arises primarily from the needs of citizens themselves. If there

is no spark to begin with, the museum is hard put to kindle it. Similarly, we must tip our hat to those who have the will to take care of their environment. It also lends hope to the vision that the cultural environment is maintained for the people, with the people.

Have a pleasant read!

Tuija-Liisa Soininen 5

Adopt a Monument in a Nutshell

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Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum, Miia Hinnerichsen

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The music pavilion in Osmonpuisto park would be a great historical monument for a musical, dance or theatrical group to adopt.

he Adopt a Monument programme consists of volunteer maintenance and preservation of archaeological sites and old buildings. Adopters are in charge of the management of the appointed cultural heritage site: they monitor its condition, study its history and organise events on site. Adoption implies the acceptance of cultural heritage as part of one’s personal sphere of life. It also involves working for the preservation of cultural heritage in a very tangible way. A great many of the Adopt a Monument volunteers commit to long-term management of a single site. Others prefer to work for shorter periods of time – to contribute, for example, to the restoration of a monument. The range of potential adoption sites is broad, from Iron Age hillforts to cairns, stone walls, cellars, houses and music pavilions.

Preferred sites for associations and schools are usually prominent and symbolic structures that proclaim the adopters’ willingness to cherish their cultural heritage. In the case of schools, sites are selected that can also be used as educational material. Sites can also be suggested for adoption, in which case their suitability is inspected following the basic principles of the programme. The adopter can be a community, an association, a company or a public entity, such as a school. Some volunteers have even established registered associations specifical7

ly for the purpose of adoption. Some of the events and workshops for the management of a site can be open to the public. No earlier experience is required, nor are any special skills or knowledge of particular cultural environment issues. Tasks requiring specialised skills are performed by professionals, either when the site is being set up for adoption or in the course of its regular maintenance. Such work is always coordinated by the Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum.

Sustained long-term maintenance is based on agreements between the owner of the sites, the adopters and the Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum. Negotiations are organised and coordinated by the museum. The museum’s main goal is to establish long-term adoption agreements with no time limit, although we also accept short-term projects that are fun and inspire civic participation in all sorts of workshops and events. A management plan is then drawn up that takes into account the condition of the site and the adopter’s resources. The plan serves as a guidebook for the adopter. It also sets out guidelines for suitable uses of the site, as well as safety issues related to management and events.

The plan also contains the contact information for the adopters, the relevant authorities and other possible stakeholders. Adopters monitor the condition of their adopted cultural environment site. They submit to the museum an an8

nual management journal in which they report their observations and documentation of the managerial works undertaken at the site.

The Adopt a Monument programme is supported in the Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum by various professionals: archaeologists, building researchers, a building restoration expert and a local history museum researcher. Special expertise is needed not only to provide advice in the management of buildings and archaeological sites but also to develop participatory methods and interaction. Adopter services include both individualised site-specific training and meetings, excursions, and other types of training and programmes for the entire adopter network.

Adopters are encouraged to collect information about their site and disseminate it throughout their own networks. Informational signs have proven to be an efficient way to publicise management efforts and to convey information at the site. Museum authorities provide financial support for such signs and provide assistance in their preparation.

There are twenty adopted monuments in the Pirkanmaa region, with more than 300 volunteers involved in their management. The number of people involved in management is on the rise, as is the number of sites under management. The concept is well on its way to spreading elsewhere in Finland.

Vapriikki Photo Archives, Antti Liuttunen

Parts of a WW I fortifications built

by Russians in Mustavuori, Tampere, have been adopted by three groups of volunteers.

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Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum, Miia Hinnerichsen

Initial reconditioning of the stone kiosk at Annikinkatu street was an extensive effort that involved both museum staff and volunteer adopters.

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Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum, Miia Hinnerichsen

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he strategy of the Council of Europe emphasises the right of all citizens to cultural heritage, as well as an integrated approach. The Adopt a Monument programme also constitutes civil activism as defined in the Faro Convention.

The project in Pirkanmaa starts from the idea that, at best, the initiative and will to contribute to cultural heritage work already exists before people get involved in the Adopt a Monument programme. The museum’s role is not that of provider of top-down advice and permits; rather, it serves as a companion. While effective marketing of the programme by the museum is fundamentally positive, it must not be too effective so as to screen adopters who are incapable of bearing the responsibility for a monument. Adoption sites must also be selected realistically. They must give joy to the adopters, and management plans should be clear and easy to implement.

Adopt a Monument works best when the organiser of the programme perceives itself as a servant of the people. Cultural heritage is, after all, collective, whereas the sites are always local. Information about cultural heritage must be readily available, and the responsible authority must respect the locals’ need to talk about the site in their own way and ascribe their own meaning to it. It is therefore unnecessary for the authority to take offence if the adopter or-

The information board for the drywall in Pispala was unveiled in autumn 2013.

ganisation arranges events at the site that do not include the distribution of official, correct and proven information. The important thing is the availability of such information, and that information boards are made in cooperation with proper experts.

The Adopt a Monument concept can also bring locals and immigrants together through site management. Tolerance is an integral aspect of the concept, with the aim to foster understanding of cultures and traditions that may seem foreign today and to preserve their monuments. The concept can also, for instance, be used to offer meaningful activity to pass the time for asylum seekers.

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Cultural Sustainability

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he idea behind the Adopt a Monument programme is that fostering autonomous activity leads to genuine cultural will that can manifest as sustainability in the management of cultural heritage. The adoption of sites should be based on the needs of the volunteers themselves. Equally as important is to give adopters sufficient psychological space

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in order to foster in them a sense of proprietorship for the site and ascribe meaning to it.

This can serve as a seed that may, in time, germinate and lead to a deeper understanding.

How can civic activism be nurtured? Which comes first: cultural will or the education that spawns cultural will? What is the difference between proactive and reactive participation? The

Pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miinu mäkelä

Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum, Miia Hinnerichsen

Finnish term ‘osallistaminen’ – a transitive form of ‘participate’ – was adopted in the 1990s. It was originally used as a method for the authorities to include the public in land use or other planning processes. But the Finnish term – getting people to participate – sees citizens as passive objects who need to be goaded into participating. On the other hand, inclusion, or

proactive participation, implies that a person is part of something. It is participation that arises from personal commitment, and it also implies responsibility for the consequences of one’s participation. If the responsible authority has devised a new form of activity that is supposed to be participatory, the time from initial inclusion to actual participation should be as short as possible.

Inclusive participation is made easier by the fact that information about archaeology and built heritage exists in sufficient quantity and quality and is easily accessible. Understanding can lead to appreciation, which in turn can give rise to the desire to include a heritage site as part of one’s own personal cultural heritage. It should also be made clear that the authority has a genuine need for civic participation to ensure sustainable preservation and management of cultural heritage.

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Sites and Agreements

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rchaeological sites and buildings are different as regards their management. This is also reflected in their adoption practices.

Archaeological Sites Archaeological sites are protected by default, and any activity involving them requires permission (Antiquities Act 1963/259). The management of sites can therefore only be undertaken with permission from the National Board of Antiquities. Sites for adoption must be easy to maintain and located in an accessible place. It is also important to select adoptable sites so that they are accessible to the public as well. Particularly suitable for adoption are sites that have previously been managed by the Board of Antiquities but have since then been discontinued, since extensive initial work such as the felling of trees has already been done on such sites. Botanical surveys have often been completed at such sites, as well as studies of heritage biotopes. Admirably suitable adoptable sites include hillforts, stone walls, cairns, trapping pits, ancient dwelling sites, cremation cemeteries and defence fortifications. Sites se14

Museum staff often meet with adopters at the site.

Museon v채ki tapaa adoptoijia usein kohteella.

Kuva: Miia Ryttyl채inen 2015

lected for potential adoption should also be such that the future adopter will have something to tell the public about it. Completed archaeological investigation of a site therefore presents an advantage.

Archaeological sites often have only one

Pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miia Ryttyl채inen

owner, who also generally owns the land as well. Although there are exceptions, due to the Antiquities Act, monuments seldom have any significant monetary value for the owner, nor does the monetary value usually change significantly as a result of volunteer management.

The museum needs to assess whether a monument is suitable for adoption and to find out who owns it. After negotiations, an agreement is made with the owner in which the site is formally included in the Adopt a Monument programme overseen by the Pirkanmaa Provin15

Buildings Buildings are often more complex sites than ancient monuments in terms of value and ownership. A building may have a different owner than the plot on which it stands. It can also have a monetary value that increases due to volunteer management. Buildings for adoption must therefore be selected with the utmost care. It should preferably be small, have a relatively low monetary value, be disused and possess little utility value for its owner. Its condition should be reliably determined beforehand to avoid re16

pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miia Hinnerichsen

cial Museum.

Once a management plan for the site has been drawn up, the museum lodges a management permit application with the Board of Antiquities, following which the site can be put up for adoption on the museum website. When a suitable adopter has been found, an adoption agreement is made between the museum and the adopter. The Board of Antiquities issues the management permit to the museum, which in turn delegates the work to the adopting organisation.

Common works undertaken at archaeological sites include controlled clearing: regular cutting and removal of underbrush and rubbish.

Positive interest in the site shown by the adopter can be significant, perhaps even for the very survival of the monument.

The ruins of a medieval church in P채lk채ne.

The adopters keep the grass mowed and monitor the condition of the stone structures.

pairs that are unforeseen and too expensive for the adopter. Suitable building types include cottages, crofts, mills, pavilions, kiosks, barns, bathing huts, transformer stations and storehouses.

Even a small building can be quite significant.

The Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum will ascertain the owners of the building and the plot, carry out negotiations with them and draw up an adoption agreement wherein the owner allows their property to be included in the Adopt a Monument programme.

pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miinu mäkelä

Signing of the adoption agreement is a solemn moment.

After determining the condition of the building and drawing up a management plan, the search for a suitable adopter can begin. Finally, a management agreement is made between the owners, the museum and the adopter.

Simple repairs and maintenance can have a significant impact on the preservation of our built heritage. Suitable tasks for adopters include sweeping the roof and clearing gutters, clearing vegetation around the building, painting the walls and reconditioning windows. The adopter can prevent the deterioration of any damage to the building by monitoring the building’s condition and performing regular maintenance.

Responsibilities One of the basic principles of the Adopt a Monument programme is that adoption contributes to the general good by promoting accessibil-

ity to the site and knowledge about its significance. Adopters are responsible for the management of the site and related costs. They are also responsible for the safety of visitors and themselves when events are organised or management works are undertaken at the site.

Documents used in the Adopt a Monument programme were drawn up in collaboration with lawyers from the City of Tampere, the National Board of Antiquities and the Ministry of the Environment. The agreement templates are available online on the Adopt a Monument website, adoptoimonumentti.fi/info/ (only available in Finnish at the moment). The information on each adoption site also includes the management plan for the site.

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Managed by a group of volunteers, Lapp cairns in Reuharinniemi are an Iron Age burial ground.

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Adopting an Ancient Monument - Case of the Reuharinniemi Lapp Cairns of the site, which mostly consists of keeping the site clear of vegetation and rubbish and monitoring its condition. After the plan was completed, a management permit from the National Board of Antiquities was applied for.

The Lapp cairns at Reuharinniemi caught the interest of a group of local women who had come across them on their walks. In 2009 they founded an association, Reuharinniemen Lapinraunioiden Adoptoijat RY, for the management of the site. The adoption agreement between the museum and the association was signed in 2009, making the cairns one of the first Adopt a Monument sites in the Pirkanmaa region.

While some of the membership of the organisation has changed over the years, its work has continued uninterrupted. The association has its own Facebook page, and the volunteers have presented the cairns

Vapriikki Photo Archives, Nina Luukko

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he Lapp cairns in Reuharinniemi are located in a scenic area owned by the City of Tampere, on a rocky promontory on the shore of Näsijärvi lake a short walk from the nearest houses. Existence of the cairns has been common knowledge among locals, but few have understood their age or significance.

Scientific information about the site has been available since one of the cairns was investigated in the summer of 1999. Excavations indicate that two or three people were buried there in the late Iron Age, 700–800 AD. Before the burial ground was established, a small, temporary hunting camp was present on the site.

The agreement with the landowner to allow adoption was made by the City of Tampere Real Estate Management and the Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum in 2009. Next, a plan was drawn up for the management

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to countless groups of Finnish and foreign visitors. Stories about the adoption have appeared in newspapers, radio and television. Every year on All Saints’ Day, the association organises events at the site to tell the public about the adoption, archaeological investigation and finds at the cairns. More than two hundred guests attended the event in November 2015. As darkness fell and the ancient burial site was lit by candles, the mood was unique.

In autumn 2015 a long-awaited informational sign was put up at the Reuharinniemi cairn site. The sign had been jointly produced by the adopting association, the Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum, the National Board of Antiquities, the Museum Society in Häme and the City of Tampere. A new sign from the Board of Antiquities indicating an Iron Age burial site was also erected.

The Reuharinniemi site has also seen some vandalism. The sign put up by the Board of Antiquities has been destroyed several times or it has mysteriously disappeared. On the other hand, it has sometimes been quietly brought back as well. Maintenance of the site has nevertheless had many benefits. The cairns were previously nothing but piles of stone in a forest.

Now they both exist in the public consciousness and are appreciated. Events organised by the association are eagerly expected. The invisible has become visible.

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uilt in 1846, the timber-frame loan granary in Messukylä was added to the list of adoptable sites in the planning phase of the 2012 pilot project that investigated the adoption of buildings. In discussions with the Real Estate Services of the City of Tampere, it emerged that the city had no use

pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miinu M채kel채

Members of Messukyl채 Heritage Association have a meeting in front of the granary.

for the building, and Real Estate Services was therefore willing to transfer its maintenance to volunteers.

The condition of the nearly 170-year-old granary was determined by the heritage buildings specialist at the Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum. The log frame seemed quite solid, and

apart from a few things in need of repair, the granary was in good condition for a building of its age. Traces of the war in 1918 were also found in the building: shrapnel had passed through the wall and hit the floor. A lead bullet was also found embedded in the floor, and bullet holes were observed on the cladding and 21

pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miia Hinnerichsen

the tin sheeting on the door.

The history of the building was traced, and the search for an adopter in the vicinity was launched. The Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum contacted the parish of Messukylä, the Home Owners’ Association of Aakkula, and the Messukylä Heritage Society. In collaboration with the parish and the two associations, an open doors event at the granary was organised in September 2013 in conjunction with European Heritage Days. Held on a Friday afternoon, the event drew nearly 200 people to see the building, which had been closed up for years.

The adoption permission agreement was signed in March 2014 between the museum and two offices of the City of Tampere responsible for the administration of the building and the plot. Then the granary, located in a park owned 22

by the city, was inspected by representatives of the groups and officials in charge of public areas on the east side of the city. The inspection also included a review of the principles of the adoption programme, the responsibilities of the adopter and the park stewards and the boundaries of the management area. The location for a guide sign to the site was also discussed.

Of the various associations within the vicinity, the Messukylä Heritage Society seemed to have the strongest motivation to assume responsibility for the management of the granary. A visit to the site was made with representatives of the society, and the practices, responsibilities and rights laid out by the adopting programme were discussed. The Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum gave a presentation of its Adopt a Monument programme at the annual

▶▶ Recalling the events of 1918, there are traces on a wall and the floor of a shell likely fired by the Whites.

meeting of the heritage society, at which the society’s members expressed their concern over extensive repairs that might potentially befall the society. The museum therefore commissioned a damage survey of the building in May 2015. The survey included a determination of the main repairs to be undertaken. It turned out that the granary had suffered some obvious damages, but none that required immediate repairs. Encouraged by this, the Messukylä Heritage Society decided to adopt the building. After the adoption agreement was signed by representatives of the museum, the heritage society and administrators of the building and the plot, the keys to the granary were given to the adopter. In this way,

pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miia Hinnerichsen

▶ Volunteers clearing up the surroundings of the Messukylä loan granary.

in August 2014 a former loan granary in the district of Messukylä in Tampere became the first building adopted both in Pirkanmaa and in Finland.

The very first task was to clear out the granary, and thus a volunteer workshop was organised jointly with the Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum. Similar workshops have subsequently been organised when needed. The granary has been visited by representatives of the museum for planning meetings regarding such tasks as laying a power cable to the granary or selecting suitable lighting fixtures for the interior. An informational sign is set to be installed next to the granary in spring 2016. After a period of many years, the granary is alive once more!

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ultural environment camps have proved to be perfect for the Adopt a Monument programme. They offer participants an opportunity to get acquainted with hands-on management work or to use one’s professional skills for the renovation of a cultural heritage site. Engaging in practical maintenance work while learning about the history of the site in a relaxed social atmosphere has proven to be a winning combination.

The Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum has, to date, organised camps in the grounds of the Rapola and Voipaala manors in Sääksmäki, where the layered cultural environment and colourful history offer a wide range of cultural environment experiences. The three-day camps have included guided field trips and lectures, as

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well as hands-on management work at an Iron Age cemetery, on the slopes of a hillfort and at a local history museum. The participants have also done renovation work on the grounds and side buildings of the manors. Accommodation has been provided at the Pappilanniemi Course Centre. Both accommodation and meals were paid for with participation fees and grants.

The Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum has served as the responsible organiser of the camps, with generous partnership contributions from the National Board of Antiquities, Metsähallitus and the City of Valkeakoski.

In addition to camps, the museum has looked into the possibility of organising voluntary workshops for which participants can enrol via social media for shorter periods of time.

pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miia Hinnerichsen

The roof of the machine shop at Rapola manor was repaired during the first cultural environment camp.

Information, Management and Networking

at some point. Participants of the cultural environment camp reinforced the sagging joint with a stone.

has been to find partners with whom the methods can be tested and who have an interest in guiding the programme in the right direction.

Key partners of the museum have been the National Board of Antiquities, Metsähallitus and the Tampere Real Estate Services. All three have had their representatives on the programme’s steering committee from the start.

Other important partners have included

pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miia Hinnerichsen

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he launching of the new programme has involved extensive publicity, marketing and negotiations. As the goal is to find suitable sites for adoption, owners who are willing to embrace the idea and suitable adopters, the main challenge is comThe bottom log of the Sääksmäki local history munication. Anmuseum had been extended other challenge

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The environs of cemeteries are managed with traditional hand mowing.

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pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miia Hinnerichsen

professionals in the Tampere City Green Area Planning Unit.

Grassroot involvement has been an efficient way to promote the recognisability of the programme. Adopt a Monument activities have been presented in dozens of seminars, conferences, fairs and other events. Customer contacts are also established during field trips and negotiations. The museum has been in contact with at least 2,000 people between 2008 and 2015 regarding the programme.

Communications have also included the publication of brochures in Finnish and English, news articles, the creation of the website adoptoimonumentti.fi and the production of tshirts and other marketing materials. The museum has also developed its social media presence in recent years. The Adopt a Monument programme now has an active Facebook page, facebook.com/adoptoimonumentti/, and Twitter account, twitter.com/adoptoimonument.

The communication network can also be used by adopter organisations and individual citizens.

Adopt a Monument events are different depending on the target group: workshops are provided for school students and cultural environment camps for 20–70-year-olds. Seminars, volunteer workshops and field trips are also open to all adopters or interested parties.

Guided visits to the cultural environment sites 27

Girdling poplars and clearing undergrowth at the Iron Age burial grounds at Rupakallio during the cultural environment camp in August 2014. pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miia Hinnerichsen

are made by foot, by bicycle and by bus. Sometimes the adopters themselves serve as guides.

Information is disseminated efficiently when volunteers communicate about their work and organise public events.

Finding adoptable sites and adopter groups has become easier as the programme has become better known. The museum is increasingly contacted by potential adopters who already have a site in mind and fair arguments for its adoption.

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pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miia Ryttyläinen

Humidity problem in the cellar of Milavida manor is being considered by representatives of the owner, the City of Tampere, the museum’s building heritage expert and adopters.

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Costs Launching and maintaining management operations In the early days the Adopt a Monument programme was developed as part of the museum’s regular duties, which took approximately 0.5 work year equivalents. The work was additionally funded by the museum’s revenues at an average of 15,000 euros per year. The National Board of Antiquities has provided legal and other expert services in, for example, drawing up agreement practices.

In 2013 the Ministry of Education and Culture awarded a special grant of 69,000 euros for further development of the Adopt a Monument programme. Funding was also received from sponsors, Metsähallitus and the municipalities of Kihniö and Kangasala totalling 4,500 euros.

This enabled the programme to be expanded into also including built environment sites.

In the future the Adopt a Monument programme will be run as part of the regular duties of the museum. It has been delegated to permanent museum staff: building researcher, built heritage expert, and archaeologist. Work with the programme takes, on average, 10–15% of their time. Overall coordination and marketing 30

In spite of its small size, this disused flow measuring hut of a hydropower plant is an important feature in the townscape of Tampere.

31 pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miia Hinnerichsen.

pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miia Hinnerichsen

is in the hands of the head of the unit.

The largest item in the budget of the Adopt a Monument programme is salaries, which account for over 80% of overall costs. Other costs include travel, printing of publications and brochures, event organisation and marketing. External funding is available for signage, and adopters make active use of it. Some events may also be able to obtain funds from external sources. For example, the Museum Society in H채me made a sizable grant to the museum for arranging the 2015 cultural environment camp.

The 2016 management plan of the Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum includes the establishment of a community funding concept to support the Adopt a Monument programme.

Funding opportunities for adopters Adopters can apply for funding for the management and renovation of their site from several 32

organisations. Key organizations in Finland include the Board of Antiquities and local economic development centres (ELY centres) that grant subsidies for the renovation of privately owned buildings. The Board of Antiquities also offers grants for the management of ancient monuments and the recording and study of Finnish cultural heritage. Adopter groups have applied and received funds from the Board of Antiquities for putting up informational signs, for example. Potential local contributors include municipalities, NGOs, societies (particularly historical ones) and businesses.

The most natural way for adopters to raise money is to organise profitable events, raffles or sales. Crowdfunding, too, offers new opportunities for raising money.

Up-to-date information on funding opportunities are available online at the Adopt a Monument website, adoptoimonumentti.fi/ info/.

Glossary Adoption is the act of legally assuming parental responsibility. The concept of volunteers adopting cultural sites for management is borrowed from the charity Archaeology Scotland. The idea of adopting cultural and natural heritage sites is an internationally established practice.

pirkanmaa provincial museum, Miia Hinnerichsen

Monument refers to an entity of a cultural environment that is associated with historical or landscape values. An adoptable site can be an ancient monument, a building, a memorial or a cultural environment associated with such sites.

Adopter can refer to an existing association, a company, an organisation, or a group of individuals who establish an association for the purpose. Adopting a monument gives people a chance to network and organise themselves for the preservation of cultural environment values that they consider important. Becoming an adopter and participating in management are entirely voluntary.

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Cultural environment refers to natural environments moulded by human activity and to everyday living environments.

The concept covers sites of archaeological heritage, built environments and heritage landscapes. Historical features in the physical environment are seen as being part of a larger context, i.e., the cultural environment.

Cultural environments include dwelling sites, buildings, fields, roads, water routes and entire towns.

Read more Adopt-a-Monument / Archaeology Scotland; www.archaeologyscotland.org.uk/ourprojects/adopt-monument Adoptoi monumentti -esitekirjanen / Pirkanmaan maakuntamuseo; issuu.com/vapriikki/ docs/am_esite_netti Adopt a Monument -brochure / Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum; issuu.com/vapriikki/docs/ am_esite_en_n_0815

More information Pirkanmaa Provincial Museum, phone: +358 40 520 1282 adoptoimonumentti@tampere.fi www.adoptoimonumentti.fi

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Council of Europe, The Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society (Faro Convention, 2005); www.coe. int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/Identities/ default_en.asp Da Milano, Christina, Gibbs, Kirsten & Sani, Margherita (eds.) 2009. Volunteers in Museums and Cultural Heritage – A European Handbook. VOCH, Volunteers for Cultural Heritage; www.amitie.it/voch/index.html

Metsähallitus 2015 Kummikohteet; www.luontoon.fi/vapaaehtoistoiminta/kummikohteet Muinaismuistolaki 295/1963. www.finlex.fi/fi/ laki/alkup/1963/19630295

Soininen, Tuija-Liisa and Nissinaho, Aino; Adoptoisinko monumentin? Museokello, Pirkanmaan museouutiset 2008; issuu.com/ vapriikki/docs/museokello_2008/1 (ss.

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Nissinaho, Aino; Ensimmäiset muinaisjäännösten adoptointisopimukset on allekirjoitettu. Museokello, Pirkanmaan museouutiset 2009; issuu.com/vapriikki/docs/ museokello_2009/1 (ss. 14–15)

Soininen, Tuija-Liisa; Monumentteja adoptoimaan Pirkanmaalla. Arkeologia Suomessa 2009–2010. Museovirasto. Helsinki; www. nba.fi/fi/File/2548/arkeologia-suomessa2009-2010.pdf

Reuharinniemen lapinrauniot Facebook / Reuharinniemen lapinraunioiden adoptoijat ry; www.facebook.com/reuharinniemenlapinrauniot

Soininen, Tuija-Liisa; Voiko arkeologialla pelastaa maailmaa? Museokello, Pirkanmaan museouutiset 2011; issuu.com/vapriikki/docs/ museokello_2011/1 (ss. 4–7)

Soininen, Tuija-Liisa and Nissinaho, Aino; Adopt a Monument: Social Meaning from Community Archaeology. In a publication: Public Participation in Archaeology, Suzie Thomas (ed.), Heritage Matters (No. 15), Boydell & Brewer. (ss. 175–182)

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