Mastering cloud security posture management cspm 1 converted edition qamar nomani

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Mastering Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) 1 / converted Edition Qamar Nomani

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Mastering Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM)

Copyright©2024PacktPublishing

All rights reserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproduced,stored inaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher,exceptinthe caseofbriefquotationsembeddedincriticalarticles orreviews.

Everyefforthasbeenmadeinthepreparationofthisbookto ensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationpresented. However,the informationcontainedinthisbookissoldwithoutwarranty,either expressorimplied.Neithertheauthor,norPacktPublishingorits dealersanddistributors,willbeheldliableforanydamagescaused orallegedtohavebeencauseddirectlyorindirectlyby thisbook. PacktPublishinghasendeavoredtoprovidetrademarkinformation aboutallofthecompaniesandproductsmentionedinthisbookby theappropriateuseofcapitals.However,PacktPublishingcannot guaranteetheaccuracyofthisinformation.

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To my wife, Lubna. Thank you for your patience, your kindness, and your friendship. Most of all, for your unwavering support in the new country and throughout. I couldn’t have asked for more. This book is dedicated to you with deepest gratitude and love.

Foreword

Asafellowcyberpractitioner,friend,andformercolleague,Iam honoredtointroducethispivotalbookbyQamarNomani,a remarkablecybersecurityarchitectandpreviouslyanintegralpart oftheproductsecurityteamIledatSophos.Qamar’sexpertisewas instrumentalinsecuringthecloudinfrastructurethatsupportedour extensivecloudproductportfolio,whichsafeguardedover500,000 customersworldwide.Whenitcomestohigh-stakecloud environments,heknowswhattodo.

Thisbookisatreasuretroveofinsightsforcloudsecurity professionals.Itmeticulouslyunpacksthecomplexlandscapeof CloudSecurityPostureManagement(CSPM),offeringpractical strategies,techniques,andbestpracticesforsecuringmulti-cloud infrastructures.Itscomprehensivecontentspansfromfundamental cloudsecurityconceptstoadvancedtopicssuchasCSPMtool

selectionandimplementation,vulnerabilityandcompliance management,andfuturetrendsincloudsecurity.

WhatsetsthisbookapartisQamar’shands-onexperienceanddeep understandingofreal-worldchallengesincloudsecurity.He skillfullybridgesthegapbetweentheoreticalknowledgeand practicalapplication,makingthisbookamust-readfor cybersecuritymanagers,securityleads,cloudsecurityarchitects, andprofessionalsatalllevels.Byincorporatingvendor-neutral perspectives,Qamarensuresthatthecontentiseducationaland highlyapplicableindiversecloudenvironments.

Readingthisbookwillempoweryoutoimproveyour organization’ssecurityposture,ensurecompliance,andstayabreast oftheever-evolvingcloudsecuritylandscape.Itisanessential guideforanyonecommittedtomasteringcloudsecurityand shapingthefutureofthiscriticaldomain.

IhavehadtheprivilegeofworkingwithQamarNomani,an esteemedcybersecurityexpertwhodrawsfromhisextensive experiencesecuringcloudenvironmentstoguidereadersonan illuminatingjourneyofCSPM.

Ascloudcomputinghasbecomeubiquitous,itsconvenienceand flexibilityhavealsointroducednewvulnerabilitiesthatmany organizationsareill-equippedtoaddress.Withsensitivedataand vitalapplicationsmigratedtothecloud,arobustandproactive securitystrategyisessentialtosafeguardthese criticalassets.

Thisdefinitiveguideequipscybersecuritymanagers,cloud architects,andDevOpsengineerswiththepracticalknowledgeto comprehendtheuniquethreatsposedbythecloudlandscapeand implementrobustCSPMtoolsandsolutionstominimize risk exposure.

Methodicallyorganizedinfourparts,thisbookestablishesthe CSPMfundamentals,evaluatesleadingproductsagainstpertinent criteria,suppliestechnicaldeploymentblueprintstailoredfor organizationsofvaryingsizes,andprovidesactionabledirectionon inventoryingcloudassets,harnessinginfrastructure-as-code, configuringpolicies-as-code,andintegratingsecurityacrossthe developmentlifecycle.

ThechaptersprovidedetailedCSPMproductevaluationcriteria, securitycapabilityfeatures,andtechnicaldeploymentdesignsthat areappropriatefororganizationsofanysize.Theycoverapractical frameworkforonboardingcloudaccountsandcontainers, discoveringcloudassetandinventorymanagement,and infrastructure-as-codeexamples.

Mostimportantly,thisbookwillbesuperhelpfulforcloudsecurity administratorsandsecurityengineersinconfiguringsecurity policiesascodeandenablingtheCSPMconfigurationsand deploymentarchitecture.ForDevOpsandDevSecOpspractitioners chargedwithenablingcontinuouscompliance,thisbookcovers policyascodeautomationblueprintsandremediationworkflows thataccelerateintegratingsecurityacrossthedevelopment life cycle.

Withinsightfulanalysisoftheevolvingthreatlandscapeand innovativeapproachestocloudsecuritycontrols,thisdefinitive guideprovidesindispensabledirectiontoadvanced cloudsecurity.

I’mconfidentthisbookwillestablishitselfasvitalreadingfor anyoneseriousaboutprotectingcriticalassetsresidingin thecloud. Rehman Khan Security Architecture and Engineering Executive, CISSP, and CCSP

Contributors

About the author

QamarNomaniisacybersecurityexpertandMicrosoftCertified Trainer(MCT).Heiscurrentlyworkingasacloudsecurity

architectforoneoftheworld’sleadingmobilitycompaniesfrom theirParisoffice.Withover10yearsofexperienceasanIT professionalinvariousdomains,hisexpertiseliesinsecurity architectinganddesignformulti-cloudinfrastructure. Withhis passionforsolvingcomplexproblems,Qamarhasworkedfor securityproductcompanies,financialinstitutions,andautomotive companieswiththeirsecurityteams,helpingtoachievetop-notch industry-standardsecuritypracticesformulti-cloudenvironments. Alongwithhismaster’sdegreeincomputerapplicationsfrom JamiaMilliaIslamia,NewDelhi,Qamar alsoholdsseveralcloud securitycertifications.Beinganavidlearnerandapassionate technologytrainer,hehastrainedthousandsofprofessionalsacross theglobeoncloudsecuritytopics.Qamarisanactivememberof variouscybersecuritycommunitiesandforumsandoftengets invitedtouniversitiesandNGOstospeakaboutcybersecurity awarenessandcareerguidancetopics.Inhisfreetime,Qamar writesarticlesonInfortified(https://infortified.com),hispersonal techblog,andabi-weeklyLinkedInnewsletter (https://www.linkedin.com/newsletters/7050538814062108672/)

Journey of writing a book has fulfilled a lifelong dream, and only through the immersive experience did I realize the depth and comprehensiveness of this endeavor. This book is a testament to the collaborative efforts and unwavering support of many individuals, each playing a vital role in bringing it to life. My heartfelt thanks go out to those who contributed to this project, and I express immense gratitude for their invaluable support.

My heartfelt appreciation to my family, with a special mention to my father and brother Neyaz Nomani. Their unwavering support for my education, even in the face of very limited resources, touches me deeply and means the world to me.

I express my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers and professors, with a special acknowledgment to my high school gurus, Mr. Alam Sir and the late Mr. Khusru Alam Sir for being not only guiding lights but also being my godfathers, playing a pivotal role in supporting me during my transition from the village to the city for further studies.

Special thanks to friends, colleagues, managers, mentors, and dedicated cloud security professionals. Your groundbreaking research has paved the way for a deeper understanding of CSPM. This book stands on the shoulders of giants, and I'm grateful for the collective wisdom of the cybersecurity community.

I would also like to thank the team at Packt Publishing, whose commitment to excellence and passion for disseminating knowledge have made this project a reality. Their expertise and support have been indispensable in giving this book life.

Finally, heartfelt thanks to readers joining this educational journey. Your interest in cloud security fuels my commitment to contributing to the dynamic field of cybersecurity.

Thank you to everyone who has played a role, big or small, in making this book possible. Your contributions are deeply appreciated.

With gratitude and lots of love,

Qamar Nomani

About the reviewers

RahulGuptaisadistinguishedauthorityandexpertinthefieldof cybersecurity.Hebringsawealthofknowledgeandexperienceto theworldofcybersecurity,privacy,andcompliance.Withover15 yearsattheforefrontofprotectingorganizationsfromdigital threats,Rahulhascementedhisreputationasatrailblazerinthe domainofInfoSecleaders.Throughouthiscareer,Rahulhasheld pivotalrolesinadiversearrayofindustries,rangingfromFortune 500companiestocutting-edgestart-ups.Withastrongacademic backgroundandmanyindustrycertifications,includingCISSP, Rahulhascontributedextensivelytothecybersecuritycommunity andisverypassionateaboutshapingthefutureofcybersecurity strategiesandproducts.

ManasMondalisaprincipalcloudarchitectwith29yearsof experience,andspecializesinapplayouts,appmigration, modernizationofapps,ERPmigration,andadvancedanalytics. Withsubstantialtransformationexperiencesinbothtechnologyand business,Manasisaresult-oriented,purpose-driven,problemsolvingleadershippersonality.HehasexpertiseinSoftware Engineering,EnterpriseArchitecture,CloudTransformation,

ApplicationDisposition,CTOStrategy,ERPmodernization,and FastDataEngineering.

Table of Contents

Preface

Part 1: CSPM Fundamentals

1 Cloud Security Fundamentals

Technical requirements

What is cloud computing?

Cloud computing service model

What is cloud security?

Security concerns with the public cloud

The shared responsibility model

Division of responsibility

Defense in depth

Defense in depth guiding principle

The CIA triad

Confidentiality Integrity Availability

Why is it important to maintain confidentiality, integrity, and availability?

How do organizations ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability?

The three pillars of cybersecurity –people, process, and technology

The Zero Trust model

Zero Trust guiding principles

The six foundational pillars

Compliance concepts

Cryptography

Encryption

The Cloud Adoption Framework

Landing zone concepts

2
Summary Further reading

Understanding CSPM and the Threat Landscape

What is CSPM?

Threat landscape and the importance of CSPM tools

Key capabilities and core components of CSPM

How do CSPM tools work?

Common cloud misconfigurations and their causes

Why do misconfigurations occur?

Best practices to safeguard from misconfiguration

Are CSPM tools enough to protect the cloud environment?

What are other cloud security technologies and tools?

Summary

Further reading

3

CSPM Tools and Features

Technical requirements

Understanding CSPM tools

Cloud provider native CSPM tool

Third-party CSPM tool

Agent-based versus agentless CSPM solutions

Open source CSPM tools

Understanding the Gartner Magic Quadrant

Gartner Peer Insights

Gartner Review

Examples of CSPM tools

Cloud provider-native CSPM tools

Third-party CSPM tools

Open source CSPM tools

Summary

Further reading

4

CSPM Tool Selection

Structured thought to choose the right CSPM tool

1. Understand your organization’s cloud security needs

2. Identify the CSPM features you need

3. Evaluate the CSPM vendor

4. Consider the ease of use

5. Look for automation capabilities

6. Evaluate pricing and licensing

Vendor selection process checklists for CSPM

POC for CSPM tools

What is the key outcome of the CSPM tool’s POC?

Summary

Further reading

Part 2: CSPM Deployment Aspects

5 Deploying the CSPM Tool

Deployment model overview

Key considerations for effective deployment

The SaaS/cloud-based deployment model

On-premises deployments

Hybrid deployment

Leveraging managed service provider

(MSP) support

Different deployment methodologies

Agent-based deployment

API-based deployment

Proxy-based deployment

Tool deployment best practices

Summary

6

Onboarding Cloud Accounts

Key considerations and steps involved

Account onboarding key considerations

Steps for successful onboarding

Best practices for onboarding of cloud accounts

Account onboarding steps

Onboarding AWS accounts

Onboarding Azure accounts

Onboarding GCP accounts

Onboarding other clouds

Onboarding roadblocks and mitigation best practices

Roadblock #1 – Lack of necessary permissions

reading
Further

Roadblock #2 – Complex cloud environments

Roadblock #3 – Resistance to change

Roadblock #4 – Policy complexity

Roadblock #5 – Alert fatigue

Roadblock #6 – Integration complexity

Roadblock #7 – Monitoring and alerting configuration

Roadblock #8 – Data privacy and security

Roadblock #9 – Compliance variability

Roadblock #10 – Scalability

Offboarding cloud accounts

Importance of offboarding cloud accounts from CSPM

Process for offboarding cloud accounts from CSPM

Summary

Further reading 7

Onboarding Containers

Containerization overview and its benefits

Benefits of containerization

Understanding container security challenges

How does CSPM address these unique security challenges?

Onboarding containers to CSPM tools

Understanding Microsoft Defender for Containers features

Defender for Containers architecture diagram

Enabling Microsoft Defender for Containers for Kubernetes clusters

Onboarding roadblocks and mitigation tips

Latest trends and advancements in container security

Summary

Further reading

Exploring Environment Settings

Environment settings overview

Managing users and permissions

User management

User group management

Built-in user roles

Managing API tokens

Key challenges in permission management

Best practices to overcome permission-related challenges

CSPM integrations with other tools

SSO integration

Ticketing system integration

Collaboration and communication (notifications) integrations

Reporting and analytics integration

Monitoring (SIEM/SOAR) tool integration

8

Storage integrations

Key integration challenges

Best practices to overcome integration

challenges

Setting up an effective reporting environment

Activity logging

User activities

System activities

Security events

Challenges in activity logging

Best practices for activity logging

Summary

Further reading

Part 3: Security Posture Enhancement

9 Exploring Cloud Asset Inventory

Understanding the cloud asset

inventory landscape

Cloud assets overview

Cloud asset classification

Tagging concepts and asset classification

Key challenges in asset inventory management

Best practices for asset inventory management

Other tools and techniques for asset management

Summary

Further reading

10

Reviewing CSPM Dashboards

Reviewing general dashboard types

Risk dashboards

Compliance dashboards

Inventory dashboards

Identity dashboards

Network security dashboards

Vulnerability dashboards

Alerts and incident dashboards

Custom dashboards

Exporting dashboards

Best practices for effectively using CSPM dashboards

Summary

Further reading

11 Major Configuration Risks

Workload misconfigurations overview

Malware, misconfigurations, and vulnerabilities and their correlations

The risks associated with malware and its vulnerabilities

Identity misconfigurations

Network security misconfigurations

Lateral movement misconfigurations

Data protection misconfigurations

Suspicious and malicious activities

Best practices and lessons learned

Best practices to mitigate network security misconfigurations

Lesson learned and its implementation

Summary

Further reading

12 Investigating Threats with Query Explorers and KQL

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