CASE STUDY- NON RATED BUILDING
KALABHOOMI MUSEUM
INTRODUCTION: The Odisha Crafts Museum Kala Bhoom i is a one-of-a-kind crafts hub, created to display all the- handicrafts and handlooms of the state of Odisha.
Typology: Public space | Site Planning | Culture
|Institutional
Extent: 12.68 acres
Architect: Architects' Studio, Bhubaneshwar
Site-Shilpi Vihar, Pokhariput, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
VERNACULAR ASPECTS
• Terracotta used for floor Tile and Roof
CONCEPT:
• A unique feature of the museum is the outdoor displa y sections in the form of courtyards.
• Courtyards dedicated to Tribal living and Temple architecture are part of the museum complex while th e entry courtyard which leads up to the museum has a special large container display section as well as a Kulde vi temple
LANDSCAPE FEATURES:
• Tulsi charas
• Conserving the old tree
s
• Platform under the tree
s
• Drainage is placed with pebbles in such a way that it giv
s an aesthetic appearanc
e
• Stepped walls.
• A stepped Rainwater kund.
• Canopy cover The decision to adapt the buildings and mobilitydesign to accommodat e existing trees was a key factor fo r shade outdoors..
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Circulation Pattern
The landscape is structured into a series of outdoor areas on the basis of visitor circulation and architectural function. The one-sided entry into the site was a key constraint for circulation.
Runoff Management
The surface run-off management strategy was proposed as an exten sion of the landscape design. Runoff was diverted towards the lower slopes by careful land grading, keeping ex isting trees in mind, into storm drains with recharge pits.
Excess volumes were dispersed into the low-lying area on site in the South-East, from where it was known to percolate into a pond outside the site.so
USED MATERIAL
• The galleries cover Terracotta
• Traditional Paintings, Stone and Wood carving,
• Metal crafts, Natural Crafts, Tribal Crafts, Pre-weaving techniques and Cocoons and lastly Handlooms.
Replication of Puri routes
The Amra (mango) Marg between the Handicraft and Handloom block s, with the straight wide pathway and building facade designed like loc al houses. invokes the principal streets of the Jagganatha,Puri processio n route.
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CASE STUDY- RATED BUILDING
THE BIHAR MUSEUM ( GRIHA RATED )
INTRODUCTION
Architects: Maki and Associates, Japan & Opolis, Mumbai
Principal Architect: Fumihiko Maki
Location : Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Patna, Bihar
Site Area : 54,000 m2
Typology : Commercial building
Site Area: 5.6 Hectares Built up area:25410 m²
Building Footprint- 37% (2.07 hectares)
Completion Year: October 2017
Climate- Composite
BUILDING MATERIAL USED.
Flooring: Granite/Rubber /Vitrified tiles/ Wood Inter nal
CONCEPT
• The aim of the project is constant presence of the natural environment within the museum
• creates a rich unique experience with each visit, one that changes with time and seasons
• The Bihar museum as a campus with intercon nected landscape of built-up and open space s with modest but in harmony with the land.
Wall Surfaces: Gypsum /Paint/ Wood Panel/ Stone/
Weathering steel at the entrance. Structural Finishing: RCC/MS
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Extruded polystyrene Insulation in the wall.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY TECHNIQUES USED IN THE BUILDING :
❑ Sustainable Site Planning:
• Out of 423 existing mature trees, 165 mature trees were preserved and in addition compensatory plantation of 774 trees was done on site.
• Site was screened with 3m high barricading; wheel washing facility was pr ovided for vehicles entering the site and water was sprinkled on site to contr ol dust pollution.
• 1,680m3 top soil was preserved within the site and reused for landscaping.
❑ Energy Optimization & Occupant Comfort:
• For achieving visual comfort:
» More than 25% of the total living area is day-lit and meets the daylight fact or as prescribed by NBC 2005.
» 100% of the outdoor lights have been connected with automatic switches.
• For achieving thermal comfort:
» EPI reduction of 52.13% from the GRIHA base case has been demonstrat ed through the integration of high performance systems.
» Water cooled scroll chiller with COP of 6.16 have been installed which co mplies with ECBC.
❑ Sustainable Building Materials:
• Fly-ash bricks with 60% fly ash content by volume have been used in the project.
• Kota stone, sandstone, rubber tile, carpet and vitrified tiles were used as a flooring material in the building.
Courtyard effect
❑ Renewable Energy Technology installed on Site:
• Solar Photovoltaic system of capacity 10kWp and proposed capacit y is 220kWp is installed on-site in the project for complying with the mandatory clause.
❑ Water Management:
• Reduction of 60.5% from the GRIHA base case has been demonstrated in building water demand by installing water efficient fixtures.
• Reduction of 62.5 % from the GRIHA base case has been dem onstrated in the landscape water demand.
• Gunny bags/hessian cloth were used for curing of columns and ponding technique was used for curing of slabs.
Aluminium-clad entrance canopy an d Corten steel walls.
Vertical fins for sun shading
The following strategies were adopted to reduce the building impact on the natural environment :
Sandstone Facade
Fly ash bricks
Natural light luminating spaces.
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Green roof
TRADITIONAL SUSTAINABLE SETTELMENT
Khonoma , Nagaland
❑ Terraced Cultivation
Primarily used for rice cultivation For farming they don‘t use any chemical pesticides or fertilizers instead the villagers use sewage and tree as organic m anure.
❑ Solid Waste Management
INTODUCTION
• Khonoma is an Angami Naga village located about 20 km west from the state capital, Kohima in Nagaland, India.
• The total population of the village is about 1943, settled in 424 households. It is the first green village in India.
• The village is also known for its master craftsman‘s in the art of weaving with bamboo and cane.
AREA : spread over an area of 123sq.km .
CLIMATE : Monsoonal (wet-dry) climate.
❑ CONSTRUCTION TECHNICS
Houses are constructed of mud and bamboo . Village some of homes are now made of brick and concret e
❑ Biodiversity
Khonoma has majestic mountains, beautiful waterfalls an d dense forests. The village is rich in biodiversity a large number of -birds and medicinal plants and many rare flora and fauna have been inventoried as part of the Green Village initiative.
waste generated in the village is being segregated and disposed by Incineration. NAME-VAISHNAVI
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❑ Water Management
The Rain water harvesting system, re-use of water and underground water recharge through pond and well.
❑ House Gardening
The As a part of tradition each house devel ops a small garden in front of their house. I n which they plans the beautiful and vivid colour flo wer plants, daily use vegetables and medicinal plants, which make the households self suff icient
❑ Cooking in the Centre of House
The Naga families practice to cook food in the centre of house so that the fumes and smokes kill the insects and the wooden structure could remain intact for years
❑ Village Power Consumption
CFL or LED bulbs have been used to save power Air conditioned is not being used by any of the residents Street light is powered by solar clean technology
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ECO- SYSTEM
The self –sustaining structural and functiona l interactionbetween living and non-living component.
Interaction of biotic and abiotic factors
Succession - Gradual change in biotic community to form a stable community.
Biotic community is dynamic - Changes constantly , reaches an equilibrium called climax community.
Decomposer – Feed on dead and decaying matter (detritus)
Plants take up energy from sun.
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Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
An ecosystem is a structural and functional unit of ecology where the living organisms interact with each other and the surrounding environment.
Atmosphere
An atmosphere is made of the layers of gases surrounding a planet or other celestial body. Earth's atmosphere is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and one percent other gases.
Manmade Ecosystem
Artificial ecosystems are human-made structures where biotic and abiotic components are made to interact with each other for survival. It is not self-sustaining and can perish without human help. Examples of artificial ecosystems include aquariums, agriculture fields, zoos, etc.
IMPACT OF HUMAN ON ENVIORN MENT
Humans impact the physical environment in many ways : overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and defor estation. Changes like these have triggered climate chan ge, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water.
CONSTRUCTION IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM
Every single construction action has an impact on the environment. From the materials that we choose, the technologies that we use, to the construction sites we build, all gen erate carbon gases that cause global warming. Of course, we cannot stop our business es and the whole economy, but we can balance our environmental impact with thoughtful actions.
Climate
Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a re gion, typically averaged over 30 years. More rig orously, it is the mean and variability of meteor ological variables over a time spanning from m onths to millions of years
Atmosphere
Weather
Weather is the state of the atmosphere, including temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidit y, precipitation, and cloud cover. It differs from . climate, which is all weather conditions for a particular location averaged over about 30 years.
Natural Resources
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ECO- SYSTEM
Autotropic Meterotpropic
PLANTS Animals Fungus Bacteria protists
Waste Generation Climate Population
CONTEMPORARY SUSTAINABLE SETTELMENT
LOCATION : MASDAR CITY
•Masdar City is located 17 kilometers southeast of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates.
•Spread across 6 km², the city will house 50,000 people.
•Powered by 100% renewable energy, it will be completely car-free.
•Masdar City in UAE will become the world's first "zero-carbon " and "zero-waste" city.
ENERGY MANEGMENT
• Insulation
• Low energy lighting specification
• the percentage of glazing (ie., windows)
• optimizing natural light,
• installing smart appliances, ex: building
• management systems
• a citywide energy management system that interacts to manage the electrical load on the grid - all along
• the system, from the utility tothe consumer.
WATER MANEGMENT
• storm-water capture will be built into the landscaping to collect major water from major rain falls.
• With its endless deserts, its hyper-arid climate and salty seas natural water supply in the Middle East is rare.
• Around 80% of the water in Masdar City will be recycled
DESIGNING FEATURES
• Passive strategiesthe city's (and buildings orientation (with regards to the sun and prevailing winds) and its form. most effective is building performance optimisation, such as an efficient envelope and systems, and smart building management
Savings
Energy efficient design
Energy generation from renewable resources
Waste converted to energy
Transportation
Sequestration
100% Powered by renewable energy
170 MW
Photovoltaics
<30 KW per capita per day energy use (9x less than USA)
• Active strategiesrenewable energy, designers first concentrated on orientation and performance optimisation, thereby reducing a large amount of energy demand NAME-VAISHNAVI
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
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• TIMBER FOR FRAMING • FLY ASH BRICKS • DENIM • Recycled GLASS • ALUMINIUM EXTRUSIONS
PRINCIPLES OF SUSTANABILITY
CONCLUSION –
• Maximum Use Of Climatic Conditions .
• Use Of Recycled Materials
• Sustainable Planing.
• Energy Efficiency Design .
• Implementation Of Design Strategies.
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STRATEGIES OF SUSTAINABLE
Solar Thermal Energy
This strategy can be used to pre-heat water from the municip al main, or well, to decrease the amount of energy needed by an on-demand water heater
Greywater Re-use
Greywater is a term used to describe water that has been used for showering, bathing, and hand-washing.
ACTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
Active design strategies use purchased energy (including electricity and natural gas) to keep buildings comfortable. These strategies include mechanical system components such as air-conditioning, heat pumps, radiant heating, heat recovery ventilators, and electric lighting.
Solar-electrical Power
Solar Electrical Power is generated by photovoltaic (PV) modules that harvest energy from the sun and convert it into electrical Energy.
High Efficiency HVAC System
An HVAC system refers to mechanical systems for Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning to maintain the desired environmental conditions within a space
Building Automation
Building Automation refers to the computer networking of electronic devices designed to monitor and control the HVAC, security, fire & safety, lighting, humidity and audio-visual control systems within a building.
High-Efficiency Appliances
High-Efficiency Appliances must meet regulated targets for energy consumption. These targets are set lower than typical energy-use for the same appliance.
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PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
Passive strategies are integrated into the design of a building to work with natural elements on a site (including sun and wind patterns) to provide natural heating and cooling of spaces through different seasons.
Site-optimization
Careful consideration of a building site will: minimize the disturbance on the land, protect current vegetation, mitigate the need for additional infrastructure, and provide opportunities for daylighting, solar heat gain, and natural shading and ventilation.
Natural Cross-Ventilation
Natural Cross-Ventilation occurs when air enters a building through openings such as windows and doors on one side, and exits on the opposite side.
Natural lighting
Natural lighting, also known as daylighting, is a technique that efficiently brings natural light into your home using exterior glazing (windows, skylights, etc.), thereby reducing artificial lighting requirements and saving energy.
Roofing
High albedo roofing materials reflect sunlight and limits the amount of heat absorbed by the roof to reduce unwanted heating of attic an d top floor spaces
Choice Of Materials
Choice of material depends on the outside climate around the building . However, the properties of material used, which governs their usage, can be noted as three different properties i.e. color, insulation property and assembly type.
Rainwater Collection
Rainwater Collection harve sts runoff water from roofs and other horizontal surfaces to be reused on the property.
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ECO VILLAGES & CITIES
ECO - VILLAGES
Ecovillages are models of sustainable living. They are a grassroots movement of cohousing projects where its members live in intentional communities.
Principle of eco-village :
The principle of eco-village are based on the idea of living in harmony with the natural environment and promoting sustainability Here are some of the key principle the guide the design and operation of an eco-village.
ECO- CITIES
An Ecocity is a human settlement modeled on the self sustaining resilient structure and function of natural ecosystems.
The ecocity provides healthy abundance to its inhabitants with out consuming more (renewable) resources than it produces, without producing more waste than it can assimilate, and without being toxic to itself or neighboring ecosystems. Its inhabitants’ ecological impact reflect planetary supportive lifestyles; its social order reflects fundamental principles of f airness, justice and reasonable equity.
Some features of eco-cities include:
- Self-contained economy that obtains resources locally
- Carbon-neutral by promoting techniques like the use and production of renewable energy
- Well-planned city layout and public transportation system that makes walking, cycling, and public transportation the priority methods of transportation
- Plenty of sidewalks, bike bridges, and easily accessible bike racks
- Access to public resources
- Urban renewal actions
- Reduction of CO2 emissions
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Renewable energy Low- wastage
Organic farming & local food farming
Sustainable transportation
Water conservation
