2011 Community Indicators Report

THE 2011 UNITED WAY OF RACINE COUNTY COMMUNITY INDICATORS

REPORT

REACH OUT A HAND TO ONE AND

INFLUENCE THE CONDITION OF ALL

GIVE. ADVOCATE. VOLUNTEER.

Statistical data offer a unique, quantitative way of looking at a community. Since 2002, United Way of Racine County has published annual reports to the community with county and city statistical data about the lives of Racine County residents. Together, as a community, we can use this information to inform our decisions, educate our neighbors, and better our lives.

This report is organized in three sections: Education, Income and Health. As focus areas of United Way, each section contains a collection of data termed “indicators� that represent local conditions or behaviors. For each indicator, we strive to present enough information to provide a complete understanding of that indicator in our community. To do this, we include comparisons to other communities, comparisons to state or national levels, or trends across time. Furthermore, we attempt to obtain the most recent data available at the time of publication.

By partnering with local organizations, United Way of Racine County improves lives and creates lasting community change. The indicators in this report inform our decisions by providing us with the realities of our community. Together, united, we can get to the heart of our community problems. Together, united, we can strive for change, improving the lives of all within our community.

Thanks to Marisol Beauford, Susan Gould, Ann Luetzow, Mike Pilger, and Ashley Staeck for making this document possible. For additional information or clarification on information presented, please contact Ashley Staeck, Research, Evaluation & Grants Specialist at United Way of Racine County, at 262-898-2254 or astaeck@unitedwayracine.org.

Table of Contents EDUCATION

HELPING CHILDREN AND YOUTH ACHIEVE THEIR POTENTIAL

Level of Educational Attainment.........................4 Student Achievement, Grade 3...............................5 Student Achievement, Grades 4, 8, 10....................6 AP Exam Performance.........8 ACT Performance................9 High School Graduation.....10 Future Plans.......................11 Education Summary...........12

INCOME

HELPING FAMILIES BECOME FINANCIALLY STABLE AND INDEPENDENT

HEALTH

IMPROVING PEOPLE’S HEALTH

Poverty in Racine County.... 16

Prenatal Care......................26

Food Security.......................17

Low Birthweight Babies...... 27

Unemployment................... 18

Infant Mortality Rate...........28

Homelessness.................... 19

Elevated Lead Levels...........29

Living Wage Estimates........20

Teen Birth Rate...................30

Elder Economic Security...... 21

Sexually Transmitted Diseases............................. 31

Income Summary................22 Youth Developmental Assets................................32 High-Risk Youth Behaviors........................... 35 Incidence of Child Abuse and Neglect........................36 Incidence of Other Abuse.... 37 Substance Abuse................38 Tobacco Use.......................39 Safety: Juvenile Crime.........40 Safety: Adult Crime............. 41 Health Summary.................42

People in Racine County A basic comprehension of the demographics of Racine County is helpful when reading this indicators report.

This glimpse of people in Racine County includes a full overview of population by age, as well as by race/ ethnicity. Racine County’s population has increased by more than 20,000 people over the past twenty years, with a 4.8 percent increase since 2000. The largest population increase has occurred within the 45-64 age group, which has increased by 62 percent since 1990. About 12.6 percent of the Racine County population is over age 65; approximately 6.2 percent (12,181 people) are over age 75. The majority of residents in Racine County identify as Caucasian (83.4%), followed by Hispanic (10.7%) and African American (10.5%). Note: Hispanics may be of different racial backgrounds so total statistics will add up more than 100 percent due to overlap with race and ethnicity.

Racine County Population by Age Age 0-17 18-44 45-64 65+ Total

1990 48,621 71,952 33,371 21,090 175,034

2000 50,951 72,150 42,497 23,233 188,831

2005 48,250 72,080 50,330 23,860 194,520

2007 48,911 70,136 52,336 24,128 195,511

2009 49,195 69,505 54,132 24,981 197,813

Racine County Trends Racine CountyResidents Residentsby byRace/Ethnicity Race/Ethnicity Trends

Percent of Residents Percent of Residents

100 80

89.0 83.4 83.0

60 40 20

10.0 10.5 10.5

7.910.7 5.0

1.0 0.7 1.0

0.3 0.3 0.2

0.0 1.7 2.2

Hispanic

Asian

American Indian

Two or more races

0 White

Black or African American

1990

2000

2009

Source: American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, US Census Bureau. Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services, 2009.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

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EDUCATION

INDICATORS ON

HELPING CHILDREN AND YOUTH

ACHIEVE THEIR POTENTIAL

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

Education As a building block for success, education plays an irreplaceable role in development, from early childhood to adulthood. In this section, chronological indicators show the educational readiness of Racine County residents at various age levels. With this orientation, parallels between lack of readiness early on and failure to graduate from high school become evident. A well-rounded education must begin during early childhood to ensure success later on in life.

In the 2009-10 school year, more than 36,000 children ages 5-17 were enrolled in school with about 13.6 percent in private school and almost 1.7 percent being home-schooled.

About 17 percent of children attending public schools in Racine County are identified as students with disabilities, Kindergarten and Pre-Kindergarten enrollment was 4,425 for the 2009-10 school year with an additional 698 children at Head Start.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

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EDUCATION

Level of Educational Attainment About the Indicator: Education is the foundation for a good life, setting the individual on a path of personal fulfillment, economic security and societal contribution. Higher levels of education often lead to higher salaries, better jobs and healthier societies.

Level of Educational Attainment (Population 25 years and over) Comparisons: The city of Racine has a higher percentage of adult residents with less than a high school diploma (21.5%) than Racine County (13.3%), the state of Wisconsin (10.2%), and the nation (14.8%). The city of Racine also has a lower percentage of individuals with a Bachelor’s or higher degree than the county or the state.

Racine County 4.3%

Wisconsin

Less than 9th grade

City of Racine 6.8%

3.5%

6.3%

9th to 12th grade, no diploma

14.7%

9.0%

6.7%

8.5%

High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree

33.2%

34.3%

34.1%

28.5%

20.8%

22.0%

21.0%

21.3%

Associate’s degree

6.9%

8.1%

9.0%

7.5%

Bachelor’s degree

13.0%

15.6%

17.2%

17.6%

4.5%

6.7%

8.4%

10.3%

Graduate or professional degree

Source: 2009 American Community Survey 1- Year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau.

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

USA

Student Achievement: WKCE Assessment, Grade 3 About the Indicator: The Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examination (WKCE) employs multiple choice and short answer questions that require students to demonstrate their academic subject knowledge in language arts, mathematics, reading, science, social studies, and writing. Scores from the WKCE are reported in proficiency categories of “advanced,” “proficient,” “basic,” and “minimal” based on standards of content mastery. Proficient scores indicate that students possess the skills necessary to progress in the academic area tested. The following graphs compare third grade Proficient/Advanced scores from selected Racine County public school districts and the state of Wisconsin.

Reading Proficiency - Racine County Comparison Reading Proficiency Grade 3 – Racine Proficient/Advanced - 2009 County Comparison Grade 3 Proficient/Advanced - 2009 Percent ofofStudents Percent Students

100 80

79.4

83.7

90.5 78.3

67.5

60 40

Comparisons: The percentage of third graders in the Racine Unified School District (RUSD) who scored in the Proficient/ Advanced category for reading was much lower than other Racine communities and the state of Wisconsin.

20 0 Racine

Burlington

Union Grove

Waterford

State

Math Proficiency - Racine County Comparison

Math Proficiency Grade 3 – Racine County Comparison Proficient/Advanced - 2009 Proficient/Advanced - 2009 Grade 3 Percent of Students Percent of Students

100

91.1

80 60

80.5

79.1

Burlington

Union Grove

75.4

59.8

40 20

Comparisons: The percentage of third graders in RUSD scoring in the Proficient/Advanced category for math was significantly lower than schools in western Racine County and the state. All other districts in Racine County had a higher percentage of Proficient/ Advanced-scoring third graders than the overall state percentage.

0 Racine

Waterford

State

Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

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EDUCATION

Student Achievement: WKCE Assessment (Grades 4, 8 and 10) Comparison Among Selected Districts in Racine County

About the Indicator: The Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examination (WKCE) employs multiple choice and short answer questions that require students to demonstrate their academic subject knowledge in language arts, mathematics, reading, science, social studies, and writing. Scores from the WKCE are reported in proficiency categories of “advanced,” “proficient,” “basic,” and “minimal” based on standards of content mastery. Proficient scores indicate that students possess the skills necessary to progress in the academic area tested. The following graphs compare selected districts within Racine County and the state of Wisconsin regarding the percentage of students scoring in the Advanced/Proficient category.

100

Percent of Students Percent of Students

Comparisons: The percentage of 4th, 8th, and 10th grade students who are proficient in reading is lowest for Racine Unified School District (RUSD). For all districts, fewer 10th graders are proficient in reading than any other tested grade.

80 60

Reading Proficiency Reading Proficiency- –Racine RacineCounty CountyComparison Comparison Proficient/Advanced 2009 Proficient/Advanced - 2009 75.1 70.7

92.2 85.7 86.8

88.0 84.7

82.2 84.9 75.1

83.1 80.5 75.5

65.5

57.7

40 20 0 Racine

Burlington 4th Grade

8th Grade

Waterford

State

10th Grade

Math Proficiency - Racine County Comparison Math Proficiency – Racine County Comparison Proficient/Advanced - 2009

Proficient/Advanced - 2009

100

Percent ofStudents Students Percent of

Comparisons: Math proficiency rates in RUSD are lower than in surrounding districts and the state of Wisconsin.

Approximately 47 percent of RUSD 10th graders are proficient or advanced in mathematics compared to 74 percent in Burlington.

Union Grove

80 60

86.6 74.2 73.6

66.5 60.5

81.9

88.1 83.8 77.8

77.8

79.5 77.2 69.1

65.5

46.9

40 20 0 Racine

Burlington 4th Grade

Union Grove 8th Grade

Waterford

State

10th Grade

Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

Student Achievement: WKCE Assessment (Grades 4, 8 and 10) Comparison Among Other Urban Districts

About the Indicator: The Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examination (WKCE) employs multiple choice and short answer questions that require students to demonstrate their academic subject knowledge in language arts, mathematics, reading, science, social studies, and writing. Scores from the WKCE are reported in proficiency categories of “advanced,” “proficient,” “basic,” and “minimal” based on standards of content mastery. Proficient scores indicate that students possess the skills necessary to progress in the academic area tested. The following charts compare Racine Unified School District (RUSD) student performance to other urban districts in the state.

Percent PercentofofStudents Students

100

Reading Proficiency - Comparison to Other Urban Districts Reading Proficiency – Comparison Among Other Urban Districts Proficient/Advanced - 2009 Proficient/Advanced - 2009 81.8 84.1

75.1 70.7

80

70.6 59.9 62.4

57.7

60

71.3 71.0 64.6

83.2 82.1 82.0 80.5 83.1 75.5

40.4

40

Comparisons: The percentage of RUSD 4th, 8th and 10th graders who tested as Advanced/ Proficient in reading was higher than Milwaukee’s, but lower than Kenosha’s. Milwaukee trails far behind all other proficiency rates in the state.

20 0 Racine

Kenosha 4th Grade

Milwaukee 8th Grade

Beloit

Janesville

State

10th Grade

Math Proficiency–- Comparison ComparisonAmong to Other Urban Districts Math Proficiency Other Urban Districts Proficient/Advanced 2009 Proficient/Advanced - 2009

PercentofofStudents Students Percent

100 80 60

79.9 80.0 66.5 60.5

70.9 59.7

46.9

40

56.7

50.2

79.5 77.2 79.3 75.6 71.5 69.1

55.4 54.0

Comparisons: Math proficiency rates are consistently lower in Milwaukee than in Racine.

RUSD proficiency rates are comparable to those of Beloit, which are lower than Kenosha or Janesville.

29.0

20 0 Racine

Kenosha 4th Grade

Milwaukee 8th Grade

Beloit

Janesville

State

10th Grade

Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.

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EDUCATION

Student Achievement: Advanced Placement (AP) Exam Performance About the Indicator: Advanced Placement Exams measure the amount a student learns in their Advanced Placement high school course. As a standardized test administered across the nation, colleges use these tests to predict college readiness in specific subject areas. If a student accomplishes a passing score, college credit may be granted to the student.

Trend: Over the last ten years, the percentage of students passing the AP exam in RUSD has decreased by 28 percent or twelve percentage points.

100

Percent of Exams Passed Percent of Exams Passed

Comparisons: The percentage of Racine Unified School District (RUSD) students that take the AP exam, as well as pass the exam, is lower than surrounding districts and Wisconsin percentages. Both Burlington and Waterford school districts exceed the state composite percentages while Union Grove, like RUSD, trails considerably behind the state.

Advanced Placement Exam Performance by District All Subjects - 2009 Enrollment % of Students % Exams Passed Grades 9-12 Taking Exams (Score of 3 or Above) 4.5 40.9 6,636 Racine 6.1 79.8 1,413 Burlington 11.3 57.1 833 Union Grove 12.5 73.6 1,092 Waterford 8.8 67.9 282,963 Wisconsin

Advanced Placement Exam Performance - All Subjects Advanced Racine Placement ExamSchool Performance – All Subjects Unified District Racine Unified School District

80 61.9

60

52.4

52

48.2

51.1

50.6

50.2

41.3

42.3

40.9

2008

2009

40 20 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

Student Achievement: ACT Assessment Performance About the Indicator: The American College Test (ACT) gauges high school students’ college readiness by evaluating general educational development. The assessment focuses on four skill areas: English, mathematics, reading, and science. Most four-year colleges require applying students to have taken the ACT or Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) before they are considered for their program. A higher score on the ACT increases a student’s chance of acceptance into a college of his/her choice. ACT has developed College Readiness Benchmarks that indicate the minimum score needed on an exam subject area to give a student a 50 percent chance of getting a B or better or a 75 percent of getting a C or better in the corresponding college-level course.

ACT Results Reading - 2009 Comparisons: While other districts Enrollment Number % Tested Average in Racine County have highly Grade 12 Tested Reading comparable average reading Score scores to the state average, 1,958 721 36.8 20.8 Racine Racine Unified School District 374 239 58.0 22.0 Burlington (RUSD) is a point and a half behind the state average and 199 118 59.3 22.5 Union Grove slightly behind the ACT College 274 170 62.0 24.2 Waterford Readiness Benchmark of 21.

70,497 41,988 59.6 22.2 Wisconsin Burlington, Union Grove and Waterford public high school average reading scores are higher than the benchmark.

ACT ACT- –Composite CompositeScore ScoreOver Over Time Time Racine County Comparison Racine County Comparisons Trend: Burlington, Union Grove Average ACT Score

Average ACT Score

23.5

and Waterford public high schools have all slowly increased their average ACT composite score over the past decade.

However, composite scores on the ACT have decreased in RUSD over the past 12 years.

23 22.5 22 21.5 21 20.5 20 19.5 19 2000

2001

Racine

2002

2003

Burlington

2004

2005

2006

Union Grove

2007

2008

2009

Waterford

Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

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EDUCATION

Public High School Graduation About the Indicator: In Wisconsin, students graduate when they complete a course of study established by their local school district. A school board may also issue a graduation diploma to students who complete the school-sponsored general education program (GED) or attain a high school equivalency diploma. However, this indicator only tracks those students who receive regular diplomas. Graduation from high school marks a student’s success in elementary, middle and high school. Graduation also provides students with a variety of post-graduation options. Graduation rate reporting requirements changed in 1998-99 and in 2003-2004. The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction notes that data from these reporting years may not be accurate.

High School Graduation Rates – Comparison of Districts 2000 73.0 93.8 92.5 96.1 89.3

2008 71.7 85.1 90.0 87.8 89.0

2009 74.4 88.4 96.5 87.3 89.4

High School Graduation Rate High School Graduation Rate High School Graduation Rate 100100 Percent of Students Graduating

Trend: The graduation rates in Waterford and Burlington school districts decreased from 2003 to 2009, which could be due to the change in reporting requirements. However, Union Grove’s high school graduation rate has steadily increased since 2005. RUSD’s high school completion rates have remained fairly consistent over the past ten years. Note: Data unavailable for Waterford High School in 2004.

Racine Burlington Union Grove Waterford Wisconsin

Percent of Graduating Students Percent of Students Graduating

Comparisons: High school graduation rates in the Racine Unified School District (RUSD) are significantly lower than in surrounding districts and in the state of Wisconsin.

95 95 90 90 85 85 80 80 75 75 70 70 2000 20002001 20012002 20022003 20032004 20042005 20052006 20062007 20072008 20082009 2009 Racine Racine

Burlington Burlington

Union Grove Union Grove

Waterford Waterford

Wisconsin Wisconsin

Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

Future Plans About the Indicator: Wisconsin public high school seniors are surveyed once regarding their post-graduation plans. Twelfth grade students select from the following post-graduation options: four year college or university, vocational or technical college, employment, enlist in military, job training program; or other* options that include seeking employment, other plans, undecided, and no response.

Seniors’ Postgraduation Plans – 2009 4-year College

Voc/Tech College

Employment

Military

Job Training

Other*

54.5%

14.8%

2.9%

3.4%

1.4%

22.3%

55.7%

10.1%

0.7%

0.3%

0.3%

32.9%

70.4%

17.3%

1.0%

1.0%

3.6%

6.6%

53.2%

21.3%

10.6%

3.4%

4.2%

7.2%

51.2%

23.3%

5.9%

3.2%

1.2%

15.2%

Racine Burlington Union Grove Waterford Wisconsin

Percent of High School Seniors Percent of High School Seniors

- Racine Unified Postgraduation Plans Postgraduation Plans School District

Comparisons: The majority of Racine County teens plan to continue some type of education or training after high school.

Most Racine County seniors plan on attending a college or university. However, a higher percentage of seniors living west of I-94 plan to go on to postsecondary education than Racine Unified School District (RUSD).

Racine Unified School District

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

4-Year College

Voc/Tech college

Military

Job Training

2006

2007

Employment

2008

2009

Trends: The number of seniors from Union Grove High School planning to attend a four-year college has slightly increased since 1997 and has significantly increased since 2003.

Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

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EDUCATION

What’s Up, What’s Down for Education in Racine County The following graphs summarize trends over several years for selected indicators. This information gives us a baseline against which we can set potential long-term goals, track progress, and target investments in the community.

Percentage of adults (25 and older) with a Bachelor’s degree or higher ➤ Little or No Improvement

30% 25% 20% 15% 10%

For more detail, see page 4 of this report.

Source: American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau.

5% 0%

Percentage of fourth graders reading at the “proficient” level

96%

Racine Unified School District

86%

91%

81%

➤ Little or No Improvement

76% 71% 66%

Burlington Area School District ➤ Little or No Improvement

96% 91% 86% 81% 76% 71% 66%

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

For more detail, see page 6 of this report.

Source: Department of Public Instruction: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS)

What’s Up, What’s Down for Education in Racine County Average ACT exam composite score

23 22.5

Racine Unified School District ➤ Improvement but Gains Still to Be Made

22 21.5 21 20.5

For more detail, see page 9 of this report.

Source: Department of Public Instruction: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS)

20

Waterford, Burlington, Union Grove school districts ➤ Improving

23 22.5 22 21.5 21 20.5 20

On-time high school graduation rate Racine Unified School District ➤ Little or No Improvement

94% 89% 84% 79% 74%

For more detail, see page 10 of this report.

Source: Department of Public Instruction: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS)

69%

Waterford, Burlington, Union Grove school districts

94% 89%

➤ Little or No Improvement

84% 79% 74% 69%

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

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INDICATORS ON PROMOTING FINANCIAL

STABILITY

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2010

Income Income, as one of the building blocks for a good life, can bring lowerincome working families closer to financial stability and independence.

In this section, we are highlighting several income-related indicators: poverty, food security, unemployment, homelessness, and living wage estimates. Together, these indicators provide an economic profile for the people for Racine County.

The Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development’s monthly unemployment estimates for cities and counties showed Racine County’s rate at 8.4 percent for September 2010 which is lower than in 2009. In 2009, the rate was 9.6 percent. Racine County has the 10th highest unemployment rate among the 72 Wisconsin counties.

The unemployment rate for the city of Racine was estimated at 12.8 percent, making it the Wisconsin city with the second highest unemployment rate.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

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INCOME

Poverty in Racine County About the Indicator: The U.S. Census Bureau measures poverty based on the official poverty threshold. Whether a family is considered “in poverty” depends on family size and total pre-tax income. The poverty thresholds were originally calculated in 1963-1964 by taking the U.S. Department of Agriculture family food budget estimate and multiplying it by three (assuming a family spends a third of their income on food). The 1964 poverty threshold or poverty line has been updated every year for inflation using the Consumer Price Index.

The 2009 Federal Poverty Threshold was $21,756 for a family of four (two adults, two children). The median household income (50% of households make more than this number and 50% make less than this number) is about $35,000 in the city of Racine, $52,000 for Racine County and $50,000 for Wisconsin.

Comparisons: The city of Racine has a higher percentage of people living in poverty than Racine County and the state of Wisconsin. There are 16 percent more children living in families with incomes below poverty in the city of Racine when compared to state averages.

People and Families with Income Below Poverty Level – 2009 All people All people under 18 All families Married couple families Families with female householder, no husband present

City of Racine Racine County 22.7% 12.2% 32.7% 18.3% 17.2% 8.2% 9.7% 3.5% 32.3%

27.5%

Wisconsin 12.4% 16.7% 8.2% 3.3% 30.0%

People with Income Below Poverty Level People with Income Below Poverty Level People with Income Below Poverty Level 2525 2020

Percentof of People People Percent Percent of People

Comparisons: The percentage of people living in poverty has drastically increased since 2007 for the city of Racine. In fact, the percentage of people living in poverty has increased by 300 percent since 2007.

1515 1010 55 00

2005 2005 City ofof Racine City Racine

2006 2006

Racine County Racine County

Source: American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau.

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

2007 2007

2008 2008 Wisconsin Wisconsin

2009 2009 United States United States

Food Security About the Indicator: Households that have limited access to food because of a shortage of money or other resources are “food insecure.” In 2008, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service found that food insecurity rates were more prevalent in households with incomes below the poverty level, households headed by a single parent, Black households, and Hispanic households. The following indicators were selected to build a comprehensive understanding of the many factors influencing food security in Racine.

Food Security Profile – 2009 Selected indicators City of Racine 22.7% Poverty rate 32.7% Child poverty rate 14.1% Unemployment rate 10.0% Families headed by single mother 12.4% Non-elderly adults with disability 64.0% Renters paying 30% or more of income for rent 12.7% Households with no vehicles available 15.7% Household receiving food stamps 56.6% Children qualifying for free/reduced lunch 73.1% Qualifying children participating in free or reduced price lunch program 74.1% Average daily participation in free or reduced price lunch program N/A Congregate meals served to elderly (2008) N/A Home-delivered meals served to elderly (2008) N/A WIC total participants (2008)

Racine County 12.2% 18.3% 9.4% 6.4% 9.5% 56.0% 7.4% 8.9% 48.4% 73.4%

Wisconsin 12.4% 16.7% 7.9% 6.6% 8.8% 48.0% 6.7% 8.5% 39.0% 94.1%

63.9%

43.9%

42,819 71,562 8,882

1,973,394 2,191,526 203,790

Source: School Nutrition Programs, Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. August 2010 Preliminary, Unadjusted Labor Force Estimates, State of Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development. Wisconsin Food Security Project, UW Extension. 2009 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau. Household Food Security in the United States, USDA, Economic Research Service, 2008.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

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INCOME

Unemployment About the Indicator: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics produces unemployment statistics based on responses from the Current Population Survey (CPS) which is given monthly to a representative sample of people in the country. State and local unemployment estimates are drawn from a combination of current and historical CPS data, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program and State Unemployment Insurance systems. The unemployment rate is calculated as the number of unemployed individuals divided by the labor force. People are classified as unemployed if they do not have jobs, are looking for jobs, and are available for work. The labor force includes people who are employed and those unemployed that meet the previously stated definition.

Current 12.8% 8.4 % 7.9% 9.6%

Month Ago 14.1% 9.4% 7.9% 9.6%

Year Ago 14.5% 9.6% 8.0% 9.5%

Unemployment Rate Unemployment Rate Unemployment Rate 18 18 16 16 14 14 Unemployment Rate

Comparisons: The city of Racine’s unemployment rates for the past 18 months have consistently remained higher than the county, state and country.

City of Racine Racine County Wisconsin United States

Unemployment Rate Unemployment Rate

Comparisons: The unemployment rate for the city of Racine was estimated at 12.8 percent, making it the city with the second highest unemployment rate in Wisconsin.

Racine County’s estimated unemployment rate of 8.4 percent makes it the county with the 10th highest unemployment rate out of the 72 Wisconsin counties.

Unadjusted Unemployment Rates – September 2010

12 12 10 10 8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0 MarMay '09 May '09 '09 July Sep '09 Sep '09 Nov Jan '10 '10 May Jul '10 Mar '09 '09 July '09 Nov '09 '09 Jan '10 Mar Mar '10 May '10 '10 Jul '10 SepSep '10 '10 City of Racine City of Racine

Racine County Racine County

Wisconsin Wisconsin

United States United States

Source: State of Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development. How the Government Measures Unemployment, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, February 2009.

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

Homelessness About the Indicator: A “point in time” count of sheltered and unsheltered homeless people is done every January by the Homeless Assistance Coalition of Racine County. Service providers and volunteers set out to locate and account for every homeless individual in Racine County. All homeless individuals are interviewed on this day in order to obtain additional demographic data. This year, the count was conducted on January 27, 2010, and the homeless persons count totaled 236.

Homeless Population – January 27, 2010

Households with children Persons in households w/ children Persons in households w/o children (single individuals) Persons in households w/ only children TOTAL PERSONS

Sheltered Unsheltered Emergency Transitional 6 10 1 26 50 2

17 78

98

55

4

157

1

0

0

1

125

105

6

236

Homeless Subpopulations – January 27, 2010 Category Chronically Homeless Seriously Mentally Ill Chronic Substance Abuse Veterans Persons with HIV/AIDS Victims of Domestic Violence Unaccompanied Youth

Total

Sheltered 15 30 53 36 0 44 1

Comparisons: Out of the interviewed homeless individuals, chronic substance abuse was the most prevalent issue or condition reported.

Source: Point in Time Summary for Wisconsin - Racine City/County, Homeless Assistance Coalition of Racine County, January 27, 2010.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

19

INCOME

Living Wage Estimates About the Indicator: Most economic development and welfare reform discussions center around unemployment and poverty rates, focusing on individuals who are already living in crisis. The living wage concept seeks to re-focus on the “working poor” – those that work full time, but still cannot meet the basic needs of their family.

The following living wage rates assume full-time work (or 2080 hours a year) and are based on minimum estimates of monthly expenses. The living wage rates are calculated based on data from various governmental agencies (U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and U.S. Energy Information Administration).

Food Child care Medical Housing

Estimated Monthly Household Expenses – Racine County One Adult One Adult, Two Adults One Child $232 $378 $448 $0 $572 $0 $76 $151 $152 $569 $714 $569

Transportation Other necessities Required monthly post-tax income Required annual post-tax income Annual taxes Required annual pre-tax income Comparisons: The minimum wage ($7.25) is less than the calculated living wage in all cases, with the exception of two full-time working adults without children.

From these calculations, it appears a slightly higher wage is necessary to support a household outside of the city of Racine.

$232 $188 $1,297 $15,564 $1,161 $16,725

$397 $369 $2,581 $30,972 $2,129 $33,101

Two Adults, One Child $594 $572 $227 $714

Two Adults, Two Children $740 $1,012 $302 $714

$629 $557 $3,293 $39,516 $2,792 $42,308

$794 $738 $4,300 $51,605 $3,556 $55,161

$464 $376 $2,009 $24,108 $1,756 $25,864

Living Wage Calculation – 2008 City of Racine

Racine County

Wisconsin

One adult One adult, one child Two adults Two adults, one child

$8.04 $15.91 $12.43 $20.34

$8.66 $17.37 $13.64 $22.35

$7.76 $15.34 $12.18 $19.75

Two adults, two children

$26.52

$29.27

$25.82

Source: Living Wage Calculator and Living Wage Project, Poverty in America, 2008.

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

Elder Economic Security About the Indicator: Financial needs and expenses change throughout the life course. In old age, individuals often struggle with rising housing and medical expenses. Because most elders live on a fixed income, rising costs can be financially devastating. The Wisconsin Women’s Network partnered with Wider Opportunities for Women to calculate the Elder Economic Security Standard Index. The index calculates basic living costs for individuals and couples ages 65 and older. In addition, the index integrates medical costs, based on varying degrees of health. Average yearly expenses for a Racine County elder homeowner without a mortgage would be $18,472, assuming good health and lower health care costs.

Elder Economic Security – Racine County

Monthly expenses Yearly expenses Average county social security payment, 2008

Elder Person (Age 65+) Elder Couple (one or both age 65+) Owner w/o Renter, One Owner w/ Owner w/o Renter, One Owner w/ Mortgage Bedroom Mortgage Mortgage Bedroom Mortgage $1,539 $1,622 $2,298 $2,371 $2,454 $3,130 $18,472 $19,470 $25,575 $28,455 $29,453 $37,558 $13,872

$22,840

Comparisons: The average annual county social security payment is well below typical annual expenses for both healthy and medically-needy elders. Elders must deplete their savings, rely on family members, or take on debt in order to meet their daily needs.

Elder Economic Security – Racine County Need for long term care (LTC) None Low (6 Hours) Medium (16 hours) High w/ adult day care (36 hours) High w/o adult day care (36 hours) Average annual county social security payment

LTC Cost Per Year $0 $7,225 $18,887 $33,579 $41,932

Elder Person (Age 65+) Elder Couple (one or both age 65+) Owner w/o Renter, One Owner w/ Owner w/o Renter, One Owner w/ Mortgage Bedroom Mortgage Mortgage Bedroom Mortgage $18,472 $19,470 $25,575 $28,455 $29,453 $37,558 $25,697 $26,695 $34,800 $35,681 $36,678 $44,783 $37,359 $38,357 $46,462 $47,343 $48,341 $56,445 $52,051 $53,049 $61,154 $62,034 $63,032 $71,137 $60,404

$61,402 $13,872

$69,507

$70,387

$71,385

$79,490

$22,840

Source: The Elder Economic Security Standard Index for Wisconsin, Elder Economic Security Initiative Program, Wisconsin Women’s Network, Wider Opportunities for Women, 2008.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

21

INCOME

What’s Up, What’s Down for Income in Racine County The following graphs summarize trends over several years for selected indicators. This information gives us a baseline against which we can set potential long-term goals, track progress, and target investments in the community.

Percentage of households paying 30% or more of income on mortgage/rent ➤ Worsening

50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15%

For more detail, see page 17 of this report.

Source: American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau

10% 5% 0%

Percentage of children living below the poverty level ➤ Worsening

20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2%

For more detail, see page 16 of this report.

Source: American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau

0%

Percentage of households with no vehicle available ➤ Little or No Improvement

20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

For more detail, see page 17 of this report.

Source: American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau

What’s Up, What’s Down for Income in Racine County

Percentage of families living below the poverty level ➤ Worsening

20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6%

For more detail, see page 16 of this report.

Source: American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau

4% 2% 0%

Number of homeless individuals

350 300

➤ Improving

250 200 150 100

For more detail, see page 19 of this report.

Source: Point in Time Summary for Wisconsin – Racine City/ County, Homeless Assistance Coalition of Racine County

50 0

Unemployment rate

12% 10%

➤ Worsening

For more detail, see page 18 of this report.

8% 6% 4% 2%

Source: State of Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development

0%

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

23

HEALTH

INDICATORS ON

IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

HEALTH

Health Children and adults with good health can be more efficient at both school and work, increasing their chances of success. In this section, we will present key health indicators for our community.

Ensuring good health for youth begins even before birth. Important factors contribute to a healthy life progression for youth: prenatal care and a normal birthweight, continuing on to normal blood lead levels, no tobacco or drug use or alcohol abuse, safe sex, and a normal weight. Adults can continue a healthy lifestyle by preventing STDs, not abusing substances or tobacco, not committing crimes, and not abusing others.

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of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 | United Way of Racine County Community IndicatorsUnited ReportWay 2011

25

HEALTH

Prenatal Care About the Indicator: Women who do not receive prenatal care (medical care before giving birth) are at greater risk for having a low birth weight baby. Prenatal care also improves birth outcomes by linking women with nutrition and smoking cessation information. The earlier the prenatal care, the better the life chances are for newborns. Note: On January 1, 2006, the 2003 Revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth was implemented. These changes affected the county, state and national data sets due to variation in implementation and reporting.

Women Receiving First-Trimester Prenatal Care

Women Receiving First-Trimester Prenatal Care

Percent PercentofofNew NewMothers Mothers

86 84 82 80 78 76 74 72 2000

2001

2002

Racine County

2003

2004

Wisconsin

2005

2006

2007

2008

United States

First Trimester Prenatal Care Visit Care

by Race/Ethnicity of First-Trimester Prenatal Visit Mother

by Race/Ethnicity of Mother in Racine County Percent of New Mothers Percent of New Mothers

Comparisons: The percentage of women in Racine County receiving first trimester prenatal care (77.7%) lags behind Wisconsin (82.2%) and the nation (80.9% in 2006).

Trends: The percentage of women receiving first trimester prenatal care in Racine, Wisconsin and the U.S. has slightly decreased over the last ten years. This decrease could be due to the 2006 change to the birth certificate which elicits more accurate data.

Comparisons: White women have consistently higher rates of first trimester prenatal care than Black and Hispanic women in Racine County. In 2008, first trimester prenatal care was 88 percent for White women, 67 percent for Black women, and 72 percent for Hispanic women.

Trends: The percentage of Hispanic women receiving first trimester prenatal care has increased since 2000.

100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 2000

2001

2002 White

2003

2004

Black

2005

2006

2007

2008

Hispanic

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Office of Health Informatics.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, VitalStats. Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2009.

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

Low Birthweight Babies About the Indicator: Low birthweight babies (babies born under 2,500 grams, or 5 lbs. 8 ozs.) are at a higher risk for death within the first year of life. Low birthweight babies are also at high risk for developmental problems which can hinder success in school throughout their lives. Some of these potential problems are slowed brain growth and learning problems such as delayed speech, difficulty paying attention, hyperactivity, and lower IQ. Research done in 2000 suggests an intergenerational cycle of low birthweight babies. An infant is four times more likely to be a low birthweight baby if the mother was one herself and six times more likely if the father was born under 2,500 grams.

Low Birthweight Newborns

Low Birthweight Babies (less than 5.5 lbs.)

Percent of Percent ofNew NewBirths Births

10

Comparisons: The percentage of low birthweight newborns is much higher in Racine County than the state. In 2008, the percentage of newborn babies weighing less than 2,500 grams in Racine County increased to a high of 9.5 percent.

9 8 7 6 5 2000

2001

2002

Racine County

Percent New Births Percentof of New Births

18

2003

2004

Wisconsin

2005

2006

2007

2008

United States

Trends: While the trend over time shows little or no change, the racial disparities for low birthweight babies in Racine County were the largest between Black and White newborns with an 8.2 percentage point difference in 2008.

Low Birthweight (less than 5.5 of lbs.)

Low Birthweight BabiesBabies

by Race/Ethnicity Mother

by Race/Ethnicity of Mother in Racine County

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2000

2001

2002 White

2003

2004 Black

2005

2006

2007

2008

Hispanic

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Office of Health Informatics.

The Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2003.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

27

HEALTH

Infant Mortality Rate About the Indicator: Infant mortality refers to deaths that occur within the first year of life. The infant mortality “rate” is the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births during that year. Large gains have been made in decreasing the infant mortality rate in the United States over the last 50 years. The rate dropped from 26.0 in 1960 to 6.9 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000 largely due to gains in the medical field.

Infant Mortality RateRate Infant Mortality Infant Mortality 16 16 14 14 12 12

per 1,000 Live Births

Number of infant Number of Infantdeaths Deaths per 1,000 Live Births perNumber 1,000 Live Births of Infant Deaths

Comparisons: The 2008 infant mortality rate is much higher for the city of Racine (10.8) when compared to the county (9.4), state (7.0) and national (6.8 in 2007) rates. Racine’s city and county rates started to diverge greatly from the state and national statistics in 2000.

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

10 10

200020002001200120022002200320032004200420052005200620062007200720082008 City City of Racine of Racine

Wisconsin Wisconsin

U.S.U.S.

Racine County Infant Mortality by Race/Ethnicity Racine County Infant Mortality

by Race/Ethnicity Infant Mortality by Race/Ethnicity in Racine County 45 45 40 40 35 35 30 30

Number of Infant Deaths per 1,000 Live Births

Number of Infant infantDeaths deaths Number of per LiveBirths Births per 1,000 1,000 Live

Comparisons: Rates of infant mortality for African American mothers has been higher than for White or Hispanic mothers.

Racine County’s infant mortality rate for African American children of 21.8 is similar to infant mortality rates in Vietnam, Honduras and Mexico.

Racine County Racine County

25 25 20 20 15 15 10 10 5

5

0

0 20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 20052005 20062006 20072007 20082008 WhiteWhite

African American African American

Hispanic Hispanic

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Office of Health Informatics.

World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency. Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2009.

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

Elevated Lead Levels About the Indicator: Lead poisoning (lead levels of greater than 10 milligrams per deciliter of blood) can have significantly adverse effects on children. Lead poisoning can hinder brain development as lead-poisoned children have been shown to have lower IQs, learning disabilities and behavioral issues. Lead poisoning has also been linked to kidney disease, Alzheimer’s disease and other life-shortening illnesses in adults. The city of Racine Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program recommends children be tested for lead poisoning every year until the age of six.

Lead Poisoning in Children Under Age Six – 2009 City of Racine Number of children under age six - county (2000) Number of children tested/screened Number of confirmed cases % with lead poisoning

Caledonia/Mt. Pleasant Health Department

Western Racine County Health Department

14,597 3,482

1,007

741

37

2

4

1.1%

0.2%

0.5%

Lead Poisoned PoisonedChildren Childrenin-Racine RacineCounty County Lead

Trends: The percent of tested children with lead poisoning has significantly decreased since 2000 in Racine County.

10

Percent of Tested Children Percent of Tested Under Age Children Six

9

Comparisons: The percentage of children with lead poisoning was slightly higher in the city of Racine than in surrounding communities. Only 35 percent of Racine County children were screened or tested for lead poisoning in 2009.

8.6

8 7 6

5.4

5

4.0

4

4.6 3.8

3.8

3 2

1.8

1.8

2006

2007

1 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: City of Racine. Western Racine County Health Department. Caledonia/Mt. Pleasant Health Department. Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

29

HEALTH

Teen Birth Rate About the Indicator: The teen birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 females ages 15-19. The category for age 20 and younger (<20) includes mothers that are younger than 15 years old. Teen mothers are more likely to receive prenatal care later on in their pregnancy and have a baby with low birthweight. In Wisconsin, the infant mortality rate is higher for mothers under age 20 (10.8) as compared to mothers over 20 years of age (6.6). In 2008, there were 290 births to teen mothers under age 20 in Racine County.

Teen Birth Rates by Selected Cities of Residence â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Wisconsin 2008 Comparisons: The 2008 teen birth rate in the city of Racine is the second highest in the state. The city of Racine teen birth rate is more than 2.5 times the state rate and even higher for Milwaukee.

In fact, Racine has the highest teen birth rate in the state among 15-19 year old mothers.

City Racine Kenosha Madison Milwaukee Green Bay Wisconsin

Teen Birth Rate (15-19) 83.4 63.9 18.7 82.0 65.4 30.9

Teen Birth Rate (<20) 84.9 64.5 19.0 83.6 66.0 31.3

Teen Birth Rates for Racine County

Teens 15-17 Teens 18-19

1999 31.2 73.3

2000 25.0 107.2

2001 26.6 72.9

2002 26.0 82.9

2003 28.5 77.7

2004 24.2 69.3

2005 29.0 71.7

2006 27.6 73.3

2007 24.2 85.4

2008 25.9 72.9

Source: Births to Teens in Wisconsin, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Office of Health Informatics.

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Number of Number of Cases Cases

About the Indicator: Reports of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and Syphilis are collected by the Wisconsin Division of Public Health from local health departments. The Wisconsin Divison of Public Health publishes STD rates every year. The rate of STDs is the number of reported cases per 100,000 of the population. In 2009, Racine County had the second highest rate of STDs in the state. The 20-24 age group had the highest rate of 3,533 compared to the 15-19 age group with a rate of 3,070. Fifty-eight percent of the cases involved African American individuals and 27 percent involved White individuals. About 71 percent of the cases occurred within females and 28 percent in males. Chlamydia was the most common STD contracted with 985 cases in 2009. In fact, the number of Chlamydia cases increased by 68.9 percent between 2000 and 2009.

Reported STD Trends: Since 2005, there has Reported STDCases Cases-â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Racine Racine County County been a 3.8 percent decrease in 1,600 the reported cases of STDs in 1,337 1,332 1,400 1,302 Racine County. Since 2000, the 1,199 1,188 1,165 1,115 1,200 number of reported cases has 1,007 953 increased by 277 (30%).

1,000 911 800 600 400 200 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

HIV/AIDS: In 2009, there were 443 cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection reported in Wisconsin. This represents an 11 percent increase since 2008 and a 32 percent increase since 2001. Men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 68 percent of the reported 2009 cases, while females made up 16 percent and injection drug related cases made up 10 percent. The majority of the newly reported HIV cases came from Milwaukee; however, 13 cases were reported in Racine County.

Source: Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Wisconsin STD Program, Wisconsin Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Reports.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

31

HEALTH

Youth Developmental Assets About the Indicator: Developmental assets are external and internal factors which seem to enhance the health and well-being of youth. Drawing from their extensive research on child and youth development, Search Institute has found that the 40 developmental assets are powerful in shaping teen behavior, reducing negative risky behaviors and increasing positive ones. And the effects are cumulativeâ&#x20AC;Ś the more assets, the better.

Racine County youth, grades 7 to 12, were surveyed in April and May, 2010, using the Profiles of Student Life: Attitudes and Behaviors instrument. More than 7,100 students from Racine County public and private middle and high schools participated in the survey. This survey was also given in 1997, 2002 and 2006.

Average Number of Developmental Assets - 2010 18.6

Average Number of Developmental Assets â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2010 18.4

18.4

Number of Assets

Average Number of Assets

Comparisons: Racine County students possess, on average, 17.9 of the 40 developmental assets. The Search Institute urges communities to strive to ensure that youth develop 31 or more of the 40 assets.

18.2 18.0

18.1 17.9

17.9 17.8

17.8 17.6

17.6

17.5

17.4 17.2 17.0 Total

7

8

9

10

11

12

Grade Trends: For each of the four years the survey has been given, results have been relatively similar. The number of assets youth report shows a slight positive increase since 1997.

Racine County Students by Number of Assets Youth with 31-40 assets Youth with 21-30 assets Youth with 11-20 assets Youth with 0-10 assets

1997 4% 27% 45% 24%

2002 5% 27% 44% 24%

2006 5% 28% 44% 22%

2010 7% 30% 44% 19%

Source: Developmental Assets: A Profile of Your Youth, Racine County Schools, July 2010. Search Institute of Minneapolis.

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

Constructive Use of Time

Boundaries and Expectations

Empowerment

Support

Youth Developmental Assets - External Category

External Assets

1997

2002

2006

2010

Family support

Family provides high levels of love and support.

61%

61%

63%

65%

Positive family communication

Young person and parent(s) communicate and young person is willing to seek advice and counsel from parent(s).

20%

24%

23%

24%

Other positive adult relationships

Young person receives support from three or more nonparent adults.

40%

40%

40%

43%

Caring neighborhood

Young person experiences caring neighborhoods.

34%

30%

30%

33%

Caring school climate

School provides a caring, encouraging environment.

20%

20%

24%

27%

Parent involvement in schooling

Parent(s) actively involved in helping young person succeed.

26%

23%

25%

26%

Community values youth

Young person perceives that adults in the community value youth.

15%

16%

17%

20%

Youth as resources

Young people are given useful roles in the community.

23%

21%

23%

25%

Service to others

Young person serves in the community one hour or more per week.

48%

47%

48%

49%

Safety

Young person feels safe at home, at school, and in the neighborhood.

46%

53%

51%

53%

Family boundaries

Family has clear rules and consequences, and monitors the young person’s whereabouts.

39%

40%

40%

42%

School boundaries

School provides clear rules and consequences.

38%

40%

41%

47%

Neighborhood boundaries

Neighbors take responsibility for monitoring young people’s behavior.

43%

43%

42%

45%

Adult role models

Parent(s) and other adults model positive, responsible behavior.

23%

21%

23%

23%

Positive peer influence

Young person’s best friends model responsible behavior.

52%

57%

57%

60%

High expectations

Both parent(s) and teachers encourage the young person to do well.

39%

39%

43%

47%

Creative activities

Young person spends three or more hours per week in lessons or practice in music, theater, or other arts.

20%

21%

20%

17%

Youth programs

Young person spends three or more hours per week in sports, clubs, or organizations at school and/or in community organizations.

54%

52%

54%

51%

Religious community

Young person spends one hour or more per week in activities in a religious institution.

57%

55%

54%

49%

Time at home

Young person is out with friends “with nothing special to do” two or fewer nights per week.

42%

46%

47%

46%

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

33

HEALTH

Positive Identity

Social Competencies

Positive Values

Commitment to Learning

Youth Developmental Assets - Internal

34 |

Category

Internal Assets

1997

2002

2006

2010

Achievement motivation

Young person is motivated to do well in school.

61%

60%

61%

64%

School engagement

Young person is actively engaged in learning.

60%

57%

52%

54%

Homework

47%

48%

41%

41%

Bonding to school

Young person reports doing at least one hour of homework every school day.

Young person cares about her or his school.

46%

42%

46%

49%

Reading for pleasure

Young person reads for pleasure three or more hours per week.

21%

22%

23%

23%

Caring

Young person places high value on helping other people.

40%

42%

47%

50%

Equality and social justice

42%

44%

49%

50%

61%

62%

65%

68%

Honesty

Young person places high value on promoting equality and reducing hunger and poverty.

Young person acts on convictions and stands up for her or his beliefs.

Young person “tells the truth even when it is not easy.”

55%

59%

62%

65%

Responsibility

Young person accepts and takes personal responsibility.

54%

56%

61%

64%

Restraint

Young person believes it is important not to be sexually active or to use alcohol or other drugs.

Young person knows how to plan ahead and make choices.

34%

39%

38%

38%

27%

28%

28%

30%

Young person has empathy, sensitivity, and friendship skills.

40%

41%

41%

43%

Young person has knowledge of and comfort with people of different cultural/racial/ethnic backgrounds.

Resistance skills Young person can resist negative peer pressure and dangerous situations.

Peaceful conflict resolution Young person seeks to resolve conflict nonviolently.

35%

40%

40%

40%

33%

37%

37%

39%

39%

36%

36%

36%

Personal power

42%

39%

39%

43%

Self-esteem

Young person feels he or she has control over “things that happen to me.”

Young person reports having a high self-esteem.

50%

46%

46%

50%

Sense of purpose

Young person reports that “my life has a purpose.”

55%

56%

56%

60%

Positive view of personal future

Young person is optimistic about her or his personal future.

69%

69%

69%

71%

Integrity

Planning and decisionmaking Interpersonal competence Cultural competence

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

High-Risk Youth Behaviors About the Indicator: Racine County youth were surveyed regarding risk-taking behaviors. The high-risk behavior that the most (34%) Racine County youth reported was â&#x20AC;&#x153;violent actsâ&#x20AC;? which include fighting, hitting, injuring, carrying or using a weapon, or threatening harm. Youth were also asked specifically about their substance use and whether they used marijuana, sniffed or inhaled substances to get high, or used other illicit drugs in the last year. Illicit drugs include cocaine, PCP, LSD, heroin, and amphetamines. Youth were also asked to report whether they used alcohol at least once in the last 30 days.

Students Reporting High-Risk Behaviors 1997 27% 24% 25% 43% 28% 26% 24% 26% 21% 30%

Gambling Driving after drinking Skipping school Committing violent acts Shoplifting, vandalising or having contact with police Being frequently depressed/Attempting suicide Being sexually active Using illicit drugs Smoking daily Using alcohol frequently or heavily

50 45 35

Percent of Youth

Percent of ofYouth Percent Youth

40 30 25 20 15 10

Youth Reporting Substance Abuse Youth Reporting Substance Abuse Youth Reporting Substance Abuse 50 45 40 35 30 25

2002 18% 21% 28% 37% 23% 27% 23% 22% 12% 24%

2006 19% 20% 26% 39% 25% 26% 23% 18% 9% 25%

2010 12% 17% 21% 34% 20% 23% 24% 18% 7% 19%

Comparisons: Alcohol use is the most common substance used by students in Grade 12, closely followed by marijuana. A higher percentage of middle school students reported using inhalants than high-schoolers.

20 15 10

5

5

0

0 GradeGrade 7 8 9 9 Grade 10 10 Grade 11 11 Grade 12 12 7 GradeGrade 8 GradeGrade Grade Grade Grade

Alcohol Alcohol

Inhalants Inhalants

Marijuana Marijuana

Other Ilicit Drugs Other Illicit Drugs

Source: Developmental Assets: A Profile of Your Youth, Racine County Schools, July 2010. Search Institute of Minneapolis.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

35

HEALTH

Incidence of Child Abuse and Neglect About the Indicator: Alleged child maltreatment is reported to Racine County Human Services Department and investigated by the Child Protective Services Investigations Unit. Child maltreatment, pertaining to children 17 years and younger, is generally divided into four basic types: physical abuse, physical neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. Threats of child abuse and neglect must also be reported and are categorized as â&#x20AC;&#x153;maltreatment that is likely to occur.â&#x20AC;? Abuse and neglect is linked with language deficits, reduced cognitive functioning and attention deficit disorders. Neglected and abused children tend to have lower grades, standardized test scores and rates of grade promotion.

Substantiated Cases Child Abuse/Neglect Substantiated Cases ofofChild Abuse/Neglect Substantiated Cases of Child Abuse/Neglect (Children birth to age 17) (Children Birth to Age 17) (Children Birth to Age 17) Number of Reported Cases

250250

Number Cases Numberof of Reported Reported Cases

Trends: Substantiated physical child abuse cases in Racine County increased by 75 percent since 2005. There has been a steady decrease in the number of substantiated sexual child abuse cases since 2000.

200200 150150 100100 50 50 0 0 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 Physical Abuse Physical Abuse

Physical Neglect Physical Neglect

Sexual Abuse Sexual Abuse

Abuse Likely Abuse Likely

Source: Wisconsin Department of Children and Families. Wisconsin Child Abuse and Neglect Report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Reproductive and Birth Outcomes.

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

Incidence of Other Abuse About the Indicator: Domestic violence is a pattern of coercive behavior that may include physical, sexual, economic, emotional, and/or psychological abuse by an intimate family member. Due to the implementation of the new data collection system, PROTECT, Racine County domestic violence statistics were not available between 2006 and 2008. Elder abuse is a neglectful or intentionally harmful act performed by a “trusted” individual or caregiver to a vulnerable elder. Elder abuse can include exploitation, neglect, abandonment, physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and even self-neglect. The National Center on Elder Abuse reports that more than one in ten elders may experience some kind of abuse, but only one in five abuses are actually reported. Therefore, the elder abuse statistics reported may be an underestimation of actual elder abuse in Racine County.

Domestic Violence Incidents Reported in County Racine County Domestic Violence in Racine Trends: The number of reported 1,600 1,488 domestic violence incidents has steadily increased since 1997.

1,400 Number of Incidents Number of Cases

1,259

1,200 1,000

1,084

1,122

2001

2002

1,188

955

800 600 400 200 0 2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Elder Abuse RacineCounty County Elder Abuse in in Racine

Number of Reports Number of Reports

250

222 205

200 155

150

Trends: Reports of elder abuse have increased by eight percent since 2008 and by 149 percent since 2000.

170 140

137

128 110

100

89

77

50 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Source: Department of Justice. Office of Crime Victim Services. Racine County District Attorney’s Office. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Wisconsin Department of Health Services.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

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HEALTH

Substance Abuse About the Indicator: Because substance abuse impacts not only the individual abuser, but family, friends and the community, there are many potential indicators of substance abuse. One indicator is the annual number of hospitalizations due to substance abuse. In 2007, there were 25 deaths where alcohol was the underlying or contributing cause of death in Racine County. Another specific indicator of substance abuse is the number of injuries and deaths due to alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents.

Alcohol and Drug-Related Hospitalizations

Alcohol and Drug-Related Hospitalizations

450 400

Number NumberHospitalized Hospitalized

Trends: Alcohol-related hospitalizations have fluctuated over the past years dipping to 280 in 2003 and then back up to 391 in 2005. Since 2005, there has been a 10 percent decrease in alcohol-related hospitalizations in Racine County.

Hospitalizations due to drug abuse increased by 43 percent in 2003, but then decreased by 23 percent since 2005.

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

Alcohol

2005

2006

2007

2006

2007

Drugs

Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Accidents

Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Accidents

350 300

Number ofofIncidences Number Incidences

Trends: The number of Racine County alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents resulting in death has remained somewhat consistent over the last ten years.

On the other hand, the number of alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents resulting in injury has significantly decreased since 2003.

2004

250 200 150 100 50 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

Injuries

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services.

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

2004 Deaths

2005

Tobacco Use About the Indicator: Tobacco use has immediate and long-term negative effects on individuals and society and is the “leading preventable cause of death in the United States.” Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and most lung cancer deaths are caused by cigarette smoking. In 2007, 283 deaths in Racine County were directly attributable to tobacco use. Twenty percent of Racine County residents selfidentified as being current smokers in the 2008 national Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, which is generally consistent with the state average (19.9%). About 14 percent or 363 of the 2,623 Racine County births in 2008 were from mothers who were smokers.

Lung County LungCancer CancerDeaths Deathsinin Racine Racine County

Number Deaths Numberof of Deaths

120 100

113

111 88

108

102

107 90

88

Trends: The number of lung cancer deaths in Racine County peaked in 1998 and has since decreased by 27 percent.

80 60 40 20 0 2000

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Tobacco Use in Racine County Tobacco Use in Racine County

60

Percent of of Residents Residents Percent

2001

Trends: There has been an eight percent decrease since 2001 in Racine County residents who have never smoked. Since the 2004 peak of 31.8 percent, there has been a 36 percent decrease in the number of current smokers.

50 40 30 20 10 0 2004

2005

Current Smoker

2006 Former Smoker

2007

2008

Never Smoked

Source: Surgeon General’s Report, Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2004. Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Wisconsin Department of Health Services.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

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HEALTH

Safety: Juvenile Crime About the Indicator: Juvenile crime can be measured by the number of youth, 17 years and younger, who are taken into custody by a law officer. In Racine County, there were 4,253 apprehensions of juveniles in 2009.

This represents a four percent decrease since 2008. Of the total juvenile apprehensions or arrests, 50 were for violent crimes and 648 were for property crimes like burglary, theft, arson, and vandalism. Offenses committed by juveniles due to their under-age status or â&#x20AC;&#x153;status arrestsâ&#x20AC;? in Racine County for 2009 include 137 for liquor law violations, 470 for curfew violations and 33 as runaways.

600 500

NumberofofArrests Arrests Number

Trends: There was a 21 percent increase in juvenile theft arrests in Racine County from 2008 to 2009. Juvenile weapons arrests decreased by 42 percent from 2008 to 2009.

Racine Juvenile Arrests RacineCounty County Juvenile Arrests

400 300 200 100 0 2000

2001

2002 Theft

Theft Sexual assault Weapons

2003

2004

2005

Sexual Assault

2007

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

2008

2009

Weapons

Racine County Students by Number of Arrests 2000 2005 2008 530 469 370 98 95 32 73 92 59

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services: Racine County Profile

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2006

2009 449 34 34

Safety: Adult Crime About the Indicator: Criminal activity is described as either Part I or Part II crimes. “Part I crime” includes murder, manslaughter, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. “Part II crime” consists of vandalism, disorderly conduct and drug possession crimes. In 2009, aggravated assault accounted for 47 percent of all violent crimes committed in Racine County.

PartI ICrime Crime in in Racine Racine County Part County 9,000

8,459

8,000

7,170

7,000

Number ofofIncidents Number Incidents

Trends: The number of Part I crimes in Racine County peaked in 2001 and have since decreased by 26 percent. There was a 10 percent decrease in Part I crimes from 2008 to 2009.

6,917

7,352

7,332

7,372

6,925

6,995 6,262

6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Source: Crime in Wisconsin, Wisconsin Office of Justice Assistance.

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HEALTH

What’s Up, What’s Down for Health in Racine County

The following graphs summarize trends over several years for selected indicators. This information gives us a baseline against which we can set potential long-term goals, track progress, and target investments in the community.

Percentage of low birthweight babies born annually ➤ Worsening

10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2%

For more detail, see page 27 of this report.

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Office of Health Informatics.

1% 0%

Infant mortality rate

14 12

➤ Little or No Improvement

10 8 6 4

For more detail, see page 28 of this report.

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Office of Health Informatics.

2 0

Teen birth rate among 15 to 17 year old mothers ➤ Worsening

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011

For more detail, see page 30 of this report.

Source: Births to Teens in Wisconsin, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Office of Health Informatics.

What’s Up, What’s Down for Health in Racine County Part I crime incidents ➤ Improving

9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000

For more detail, see page 41 of this report.

Crime in Wisconsin, Wisconsin Office of Justice Assistance.

3,000 2,000 1,000 0

Percentage of residents who currently smoke

35% 30%

For more detail, see page 39 of this report.

25%

➤ Improving

20% 15% 10%

Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Wisconsin Department of Health Services.

5% 0%

Percentage of students who report using alcohol frequently or heavily

35% 30% 25%

➤ Improvements but gains still to be made

20% 15% 10% 5%

For more detail, see page 35 of this report.

Source: Developmental Assets: A Profile of Your Youth, Racine County Schools. Search Institute of Minneapolis.

0%

Percentage of students who report smoking daily ➤ Improving

25% 20% 15% 10% 5%

For more detail, see page 35 of this report.

Source: Developmental Assets: A Profile of Your Youth, Racine County Schools. Search Institute of Minneapolis.

0%

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2011 |

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