THE 2012 UNITED WAY OF RACINE COUNTY COMMUNITY INDICATORS
REPORT
Acknowledgements Special thanks to Marisol Beauford, Susan Gould, Ashley Staeck, and Courtney Dower for making this document possible. Our 2012 United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report is now readily available online. Visit www.unitedwayracine.org to view, print, search, or share the report. For more information, or to schedule a presentation or facilitated discussion about the community data within the report, please contact: Susan Gould Vice President of Community Impact 262-898-2240 sgould@unitedwayracine.org
Overview For a decade, United Way has published the Community Indicators Report to inform the community on the current state of Racine County around selected topics. The statistics and data in this report give a context for the social programs funded by the United Way and other organizations in the county. The trends highlighted in this report suggest to decision makers, organizations, and community members the areas that need to be focused on and improved. This report is organized into three sections: Education, Income and Health. These three key categories are identified by United Way Worldwide as the building blocks for a good life. Each of these sections contains data collected as indicators that are measures of conditions. There are 27 indicators divided among the three categories. The indicators must meet several criteria: a) captures essential aspects of community outcomes; b) is specific enough to lead different individuals to the same conclusions; c) is sensitive enough to detect a relative amount of change; and d) is likely to occur in a consistent format and often enough to provide useful information. We have attempted to provide the most recent and comprehensive data for each indicator. When possible, information for the city of Racine, western Racine County, the state, and the nation are included for comparisons.
⌂ Education Education plays a pivotal role in the success of a child and in the future of the community. These indicators show the readiness of Racine County youth at several stages in their education. In the 2010-2011 school year, a little more than 36,000 students were enrolled in school with almost 4,900 in private education and about 670 in home-based education. 2010-2011 marked a positive change for most of the education indicators. Average ACT scores, however, fell to 20.6 from 20.8 for Racine Unified while western Racine County school districts saw increases.
⌂ Income The Income Section showcases financial stability. We are highlighting several income related indicators: poverty, food security, unemployment, homelessness, etc. Together, the indicators provide an economic profile for the people of Racine County. The Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development’s monthly unemployment estimates showed Racine County’s rate at 8.2 percent for November 2011. This rate is slightly lower than that of November 2010. Racine County has the 20th highest unemployment rate among the 72 Wisconsin counties, down from 10th in October. The November unemployment rate for the city of Racine was estimated at 11.8 percent, making Racine the Wisconsin city with the highest unemployment rate. ⌂ Health Good health can improve success rates in school and in the workplace. This section has a number of health factors that affect the entire development process including, but not limited to: prenatal care, birth weight, blood lead levels, alcohol and drug use, crime, and abuse. There were many important health-related breakthroughs for the most recent data available in 2009 and 2010. The percentage of low birth weight babies born annually in 2009 dropped to 8.56, the first time in four years Racine County has seen a decrease. Infant mortality rates and teen birth rates among 15 to 17 year old mothers have both seen their lowest numbers since 2002 - 7.4 and 22.8, respectively. At the time of this report, Racine County made gains and strides in several important areas; however, we still lag behind the rest of the state and the nation in most of the indicators. Racine County cannot accept its current state. All of us together must work to create better opportunities for the future of our community. Each of the different sectors in Racine County can help in this goal of collaboration; we can accomplish more together than what one can do individually. We urge community members to stay informed using the updates in this report and use it to determine and implement the next steps for an even better Racine County.
United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012 |
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People in Racine County A basic comprehension of the demographics of Racine County is helpful when reading this indicators report. This glimpse of people in Racine County includes a full overview of population by age, as well as by race/ ethnicity. Racine County’s population has increased by about 20,000 people over the past twenty years, with a 3.5 percent increase since 2000. The largest population increase occurred within the 45 to 64 age group, which has increased by 64.5 percent since 1990. About 16.7 percent of the Racine County population is over age 65; approximately 12,465 people are over age 75. The majority of residents in Racine County identify as white only (79.7%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (11.5%) and black or African American alone (11.1%). Note: Hispanics may be of different racial backgrounds, so total statistics will add up to more than 100 percent due to overlap with race and ethnicity. Racine County Population by Age Age 0-17 18-44 45-64 65+ Total
Percent of Residents Percent of Residents
100 80
1990 48,621 71,952 33,371 21,090 175,034
2000 50,951 72,150 42,497 23,233 188,831
2005 48,250 72,080 50,330 23,860 194,520
2007 48,911 70,136 52,336 24,128 195,511
2009 49,195 69,505 54,132 24,981 197,813
2010 48,644 65,921 54,911 26,034 195,510
Racine Racine County County Residents Residents by by Race/Ethnicity Race/Ethnicity Trends 89.0 83.0 79.7
60 40 20
10.0 10.5 11.1
5.0
7.9
11.5 1.0 0.7 1.1
0 White
Black or African American
Hispanic or Latino 1990
2000
Asian
0.3 0.3 0.4
0.0 1.7 2.5
American Indian Two or more races
2010
Source: American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, US Census Bureau. Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services.
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Table of Contents EDUCATION Educational Enrollment and Attainment................. 4 Student Achievement: Grade 3..............................5 Student Achievement: Grades 4, 8, 10.................. 6
INCOME
HEALTH
Poverty..............................16
Prenatal Care.................... 26
Food Security.....................18
Low Birthweight Babies.....27
Unemployment..................19
Infant Mortality Rate......... 28
Homelessness.................. 20
Elevated Lead Levels......... 29
Living Wage Estimates.......21
Teen Birth Rate................. 30
Elder Economic Security.... 22
Sexually Transmitted Diseases............................31
AP Exam Performance....... 8 ACT Performance............... 9 High School Graduation...10
Youth Developmental Assets.............................. 32
Future Plans.....................12 High-Risk Youth Behaviors..........................35 Incidence of Child Abuse and Neglect...................... 36 Incidence of Other Abuse...37 Substance Abuse.............. 38 Tobacco Use..................... 39 Safety: Juvenile Crime....... 40 Safety: Adult Crime............ 41
INDICATORS ON
EDUCATION: HELPING CHILDREN AND YOUTH
ACHIEVE THEIR POTENTIAL
EDUCATION
Educational Enrollment and Attainment About the Indicator: Education is the foundation for a good life, setting the individual on a path of personal fulfillment, economic security and societal contribution. A well-rounded education must begin during early childhood to ensure success later in life. Higher levels of education often lead to higher salaries, better jobs and healthier societies. In the 2010-2011 school year, a little more than 36,000 children ages 5-17 were enrolled in school with almost 4,900 in private. Approximately 670 children were enrolled in home-based education and about 15.7 percent of children attending public schools in Racine County are identified as students with disabilities. Kindergarten and pre-kindergarten enrollment was 3,713 for the 2010-2011 school year, with an additional 698 children at Head Start.
Comparisons: The city of Racine has a higher percentage of adult residents with less than a high school diploma (17.2%) than Racine County (12.1%), the state of Wisconsin (9.9%), and the nation (14.4%). The city of Racine also has a lower percentage of individuals with a Bachelor’s or higher degree than the county or the state.
Level of Educational Attainment (Population 25 years and over) Racine County 2.7%
Wisconsin
Less than 9th grade
City of Racine 3.9%
3.5%
6.1%
9th to 12th grade, no diploma
13.3%
9.4%
6.4%
8.3%
High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree
35.9%
34.6%
33.3%
28.5%
21.7%
22.4%
21.1%
21.3%
Associate’s degree
7.5%
7.5%
9.3%
7.6%
Bachelor’s degree
11.6%
15.1%
17.4%
17.7%
6.0%
8.3%
9.0%
10.4%
Graduate or professional degree
Source: American Community Survey 1 - Year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau, 2010
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
USA
Student Achievement: WKCE Assessment, Grade 3 About the Indicator: The Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examination (WKCE) employs multiple choice and short answer questions that require students to demonstrate their academic subject knowledge in language arts, mathematics, reading, science, social studies, and writing. Scores from the WKCE are reported in proficiency categories of “advanced,” “proficient,” “basic,” and “minimal” based on standards of content mastery. Proficient scores indicate that students possess the skills necessary to progress in the academic area tested. The following graphs compare third grade Proficient/Advanced scores from selected Racine County public school districts and the state of Wisconsin. Reading Proficiency - Racine County Comparison
Reading Proficiency Grade 3 – Racine County Comparison Proficient/Advanced - 2010 Grade 3 Proficient/Advanced - 2010 Percent of Students Percent of Students
100 82.1
87.3
86.6
80
80.1
66.0
60
Comparisons: The percentage of third graders in the Racine Unified School District (RUSD) who scored in the Proficient/ Advanced category for reading was much lower than other Racine County communities and the state of Wisconsin.
40 20 0 Racine
Burlington
Union Grove
Waterford
State
Math Proficiency - Racine County Comparison
Math Proficiency Grade 3 – Racine County Comparison Proficient/Advanced - 2010 Proficient/Advanced - 2010 Grade 3
Percent of Students
Percent of Students
100
90.9
80 60
79.0
78.9
Burlington
Union Grove
74.0
58.8
40
Comparisons: The percentage of third graders in RUSD scoring in the Proficient/Advanced category for math was significantly lower than schools in western Racine County and the state. All other districts in Racine County had a higher percentage of Proficient/ Advanced-scoring third graders than the overall state percentage.
20 0 Racine
Waterford
State
Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.
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EDUCATION
Student Achievement: WKCE Assessment (Grades 4, 8 and 10)
Comparison Among Selected Districts in Racine County
About the Indicator: The Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examination (WKCE) employs multiple choice and short answer questions that require students to demonstrate their academic subject knowledge in language arts, mathematics, reading, science, social studies, and writing. Scores from the WKCE are reported in proficiency categories of “advanced,” “proficient,” “basic,” and “minimal” based on standards of content mastery. Proficient scores indicate that students possess the skills necessary to progress in the academic area tested. The following graphs compare selected public school districts within Racine County and the state of Wisconsin regarding the percentage of students scoring in the Advanced/Proficient category. ReadingProficiency Proficiency –- Racine Racine County Reading CountyComparison Comparison Proficient/Advanced 2010 Proficient/Advanced - -2010 Percent of Students
100
Percent of Students
Comparisons: The percentages of 4th, 8th, and 10th grade students who are proficient in reading are lowest for Racine Unified School District (RUSD). For all districts, fewer 10th graders tested as proficient in reading than any other tested grade.
80 60
72.9
87.0 90.4 83.4
77.2
96.7 92.7 89.3
93.0 83.0
83.0
86.5 74.7
74.6
53.0
40 20 0 Racine
Burlington 4th Grade
8th Grade
Waterford
State
10th Grade
MathProficiency Proficiency –- Racine Racine County Math CountyComparison Comparison Proficient/Advanced 2010 Proficient/Advanced - 2010 Percent of Students
100
Percent of Students
Comparisons: Math proficiency rates in RUSD are lower than in surrounding districts and the state of Wisconsin. Approximately 44 percent of RUSD 10th graders are proficient or advanced in mathematics compared to 77 percent in Burlington.
Union Grove
80
83.981.6 76.5
93.3 86.2 80.6
86.0 80.7 69.8
66.9 61.5
79.378.3 70.8
60 43.7
40 20 0 Racine
Burlington 4th Grade
Union Grove 8th Grade
Waterford
State
10th Grade
Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
Student Achievement: WKCE Assessment (Grades 4, 8 and 10) Comparison Among Other Urban Districts
About the Indicator: The Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examination (WKCE) employs multiple choice and short answer questions that require students to demonstrate their academic subject knowledge in language arts, mathematics, reading, science, social studies, and writing. Scores from the WKCE are reported in proficiency categories of “advanced,” “proficient,” “basic,” and “minimal” based on standards of content mastery. Proficient scores indicate that students possess the skills necessary to progress in the academic area tested. The following charts compare Racine Unified School District (RUSD) student performance to other urban districts in the state. Reading Proficiency Proficiency –-Comparison Among OtherUrban UrbanDistricts Districts Reading Comparison to Other Proficient/Advanced -- 2010 Proficient/Advanced 2010 Percent of Students Percent of Students
100 80
79.6
77.2 72.9
84.6 70.4 62.3
60
89.5 86.5 82.8 81.4 83.0
80.4 82.9 65.7
74.7
63.5
53.0 40.2
40
Comparisons: The percentages of 4th, 8th and 10th grade students in RUSD who tested as Advanced/Proficient in reading were higher than Milwaukee, but lower than Kenosha. Milwaukee’s students trail far behind all other proficiency rates in the state.
20 0 Racine
Kenosha 4th Grade
Milwaukee 8th Grade
Beloit
Janesville
State
10th Grade
Math Among OtherUrban UrbanDistricts Districts MathProficiency Proficiency– -Comparison Comparison to Other Proficient/Advanced --2010 Proficient/Advanced 2010 Percent of Students Percent of Students
100 80
80.4 78.6 66.9 61.5
62.6
60
74.8
40
83.8 72.7
79.3 78.3 70.8
61.5
56.7 47.5
43.7
80.8
52.4
Comparisons: Math proficiency rates are consistently lower in Milwaukee than in Racine. RUSD proficiency rates are significantly lower than the other urban districts (Kenosha, Beloit and Janesville).
31.6
20 0 Racine
Kenosha 4th Grade
Milwaukee 8th Grade
Beloit
Janesville
State
10th Grade
Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.
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EDUCATION
Student Achievement: Advanced Placement (AP) Exam Performance About the Indicator: Advanced Placement Exams measure the amount students learn in their Advanced Placement high school course(s). As standardized tests administered across the nation, colleges use them to predict college readiness in specific subject areas. If a student accomplishes a passing score, college credit may be granted to the student.
Trend: Over the last ten years, the percentage of students passing the AP exam in RUSD has seen a slight decrease.
Advanced Placement Exam Performance by District All Subjects - 2010 Enrollment % of Students % Exams Passed Grades 9-12 Taking Exams (Score of 3 or Above) 4.3 43.2 6,533 Racine 6.2 59.8 1,389 Burlington 13.3 53.8 867 Union Grove 15.2 86.1 1,071 Waterford 9.6 68.4 277,853 Wisconsin
100
Percent Exams Passed Percentof of Exams Passed
Comparisons: The percentage of Racine Unified School District (RUSD) students that take the AP exam, as well as pass the exam, is lower than surrounding public districts and Wisconsin percentages. Public high school students in Waterford exceed the state composite percentages, while students in Union Grove and Burlington, like RUSD, trail considerably behind the state.
Advanced Placement Exam Performance - All Subjects Unified District– All Subjects AdvancedRacine Placement ExamSchool Performance Racine Unified School District
80 61.9
60
52
48.2
51.1
50.6
50.2
41.3
42.3
40.9
43.2
2008
2009
2010
40 20 0 2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
Student Achievement: ACT Assessment Performance About the Indicator: The American College Test (ACT) gauges high school students’ college readiness by evaluating general educational development. The assessment focuses on four skill areas: English, mathematics, reading, and science. Most four-year colleges require applying students to have taken the ACT or Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) before they are considered for their program. A higher score on the ACT increases a student’s chance of acceptance into a college of his/her choice. ACT has developed College Readiness Benchmarks that indicate the minimum score needed on an exam subject area to give a student a 50 percent chance of getting a B or better or a 75 percent chance of getting a C or better in the corresponding college-level course. ACT Results Reading - 2011 Enrollment Number Grade 12 Tested 1,823 391 209 270 69,375
Racine Burlington Union Grove Waterford Wisconsin
741 224 132 193 41,923
% Tested
Average Reading Score 20.8 22.6 22.7 22.7 22.1
40.6 57.3 63.2 71.5 60.4
ACT–- Composite CompositeScore ScoreOver OverTime Time ACT RacineCounty CountyComparisons Comparison Racine
Trend: In general, RUSD composite scores have been lower than other county school scores.
Average ACT Score
24
Average ACT Score
Comparisons: While other districts in Racine County have average reading scores that are highly comparable to the state average, Racine Unified School District (RUSD) is a little less than a point and a half behind the state average and slightly behind the ACT College Readiness Benchmark of 21. Burlington, Union Grove and Waterford public high schools’ average reading scores are higher than the benchmark.
23.5 23 22.5 22 21.5 21 20.5 20 19.5 19 2002
2003
Racine
2004
2005
Burlington
2006
2007
2008
Union Grove
2009
2010
2011
Waterford
Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.
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EDUCATION
Public High School Graduation: Legacy Rates About the Indicator: In Wisconsin, students graduate when they complete a course of study established by their local school district. A school board may also issue a graduation diploma to students who complete the schoolsponsored general education program (GED) or attain a high school equivalency diploma. This indicator, however, only tracks those students who receive regular diplomas. Graduation rate reporting requirements changed in 1998-99 and in 2003-2004. Four-year rates were first available in 2009-2010. Before 2009-2010, legacy rates were the only formula used to determine graduation rate. Legacy rates include all students up to 21 years of age who may have taken longer than four years to complete high school. Data differences between four-year and legacy rates are depicted on the next page. 2000 73.0 93.8 92.5 96.1 89.3
Racine Burlington Union Grove Waterford Wisconsin
2009 74.4 88.4 96.5 87.3 89.4
2010 73.0 93.5 94.0 95.8 89.9
High School Graduation Rate HighSchool SchoolGraduation GraduationRate Rate High Percent of Graduating Students
Trend: The graduation rates in Waterford and Burlington school districts decreased from 200304 to 2008-09, which could be due to the change in reporting requirements. However, Union Grove’s high school graduation rate has steadily increased since 2005. RUSD’s high school completion rates have remained fairly consistent over the past ten years. Note: Data unavailable for Waterford school district in 2004.
High School Graduation Rates – Comparison of Districts
100 100
Percent Percent of of Students Students Graduating Graduating
Comparisons: Regardless of the formula used, Racine Unified School District (RUSD) is still lagging behind surrounding public districts and the state of Wisconsin.
95 95 90 90 85 85 80 80 75 75 70 70 2001 2001 Racine Racine
2002 2002
2003 2003
2004 2004
Burlington Burlington
2005 2005
2006 2006
UnionGrove Grove Union
2007 2007
2008 2008
Waterford Waterford
2009 2009
2010 2010
Wisconsin Wisconsin
Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
Public High School Graduation: Four-Year Rates About the Indicator: Formulas for calculating high school completion rates changed in 2009-2010. In the 20092010 school year there was a federally mandated four-year adjusted cohort formula. Rates calculated this way typically show a decrease in the graduation rate compared to the legacy formula. The legacy formula includes students up to the age of 21 who may have taken longer than four years to obtain their diploma. The 20092010 data shows both the legacy rates (as the previous years’ data shows) and the new four year formula rates.
2010 Four year vs. Legacy Rates - Racine 2010 Four-Year vs. Legacy Rates County Comparison 120.0
Percent RegularDipoloma Diploma Percent Regular
Comparisons: Racine unified School District (RUSD) fouryear rates are lower in both the four-year rates and the legacy rates compared to other local districts and the state. In addition, RUSD has the largest percentage of students who reached the maximum age for completion (21 years old) in the legacy rates among the same districts.
Racine County Comparison
100.0 80.0 60.0
4-year
40.0
Legacy
20.0 0.0 Racine
Burlington
Union Grove
Waterford
State
2009 - 2010 High School Graduation Rate Timeframe
Racine Burlington Union Grove Waterford Wisconsin
4-year legacy 4-year legacy 4-year legacy 4-year legacy 4-year legacy
Fall Enrollment Gr. 12 1,958 1,958 374 374 199 199 274 274 70,490 70,490
Total Expected to Complete 1,694 1,686 365 368 195 199 266 262 72,059 71,956
% not known % reached to continue maximum age 18.8 26.0 4.7 5.7 3.6 5.0 3.4 3.8 7.1 8.8
0.0 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3
% known to continue
% regular diplomas
14.2 0.0 5.8 0.0 1.5 0.0 6.4 0.0 6.5 0.0
66.6 73.0 89.6 93.5 94.9 94.0 89.8 95.8 85.7 89.9
Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.
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EDUCATION
Future Plans About the Indicator: Wisconsin public high school seniors are surveyed once regarding their post-graduation plans. Twelfth grade students select from the following post-graduation options: four year college or university, vocational or technical college, employment, enlist in military, job training program; or other* options that include seeking employment, other plans, undecided, and no response.
Seniors’ Postgraduation Plans – 2010 4-year College
Voc/Tech College
Employment
Military
Job Training
Other*
58.0%
13.9%
2.1%
4.3%
1.0%
20.7%
64.5%
15.7%
1.2%
2.6%
0.0%
16.0%
63.3%
20.2%
5.3%
2.1%
2.7%
6.4%
59.0%
24.7%
4.4%
2.4%
0.8%
8.8%
52.0%
24.8%
5.5%
3.2%
0.9%
13.5%
Racine Burlington Union Grove Waterford Wisconsin
Comparisons: The majority of Racine County teens plan to continue some type of education or training after high school. Most Racine County seniors plan on attending a college or university. However, a higher percentage of seniors living west of I-94 plan to go on to postsecondary education than Racine Unified School District (RUSD).
Percent of High School Seniors Percent of High School Seniors
Postgraduation Plans Postgraduation PlansUnified - Racine Unified Racine School DistrictSchool District 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
4-Year College
Voc/Tech college
Military
Job Training
2007
2008
2009
Employment
2010
Trends: The number of seniors from Union Grove’s high school planning to attend a four-year college has slightly increased since 1997 and has significantly increased since 2003.
Source: Wisconsin’s Information Network for Successful Schools (WINSS), Department of Public Instruction.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
“Nothing is more powerful and liberating than knowledge.�
William H. Gray III
United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012 |
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INDICATORS ON
INCOME:
PROMOTING FINANCIAL
STABILITY
INCOME
Poverty: People and Families below Poverty Level About the Indicator: The U.S. Census Bureau measures poverty based on the official poverty threshold. Whether a family is considered “in poverty� depends on family size and total pre-tax income. The poverty thresholds were originally calculated in 1963-1964 by taking the U.S. Department of Agriculture family food budget estimate and multiplying it by three (assuming a family spends a third of their income on food). The 1964 poverty threshold or poverty line has been updated every year for inflation using the Consumer Price Index. The 2010 Federal Poverty Threshold was $22,113 for a family of four (two adults, two children). The median household income (50% of households make more than this number and 50% make less than this number) is about $33,500 in the city of Racine, $51,000 for Racine County and $49,000 for Wisconsin.
All people All people under 18 Households with children Married couple families Families with female householder, no husband present
City of Racine 24.6% 32.1% 22.8% 12.4% 45.6%
Racine County 14.7% 20.1% 12.1% 5.8% 36.6%
Wisconsin 13.2% 19.1% 9.1% 3.8% 31.4%
People with Income BelowPoverty Poverty Level People with Income Below PovertyLevel Level People with Income Below 3030 2525
Percent of People
Comparisons: The percentage of people living in poverty has drastically increased since 2007 for the city of Racine. In fact, the percentage of people living in poverty has increased by almost 77 percent since 2007.
People and Families with Income Below Poverty Level – 2010
Percent of People People Percent of
Comparisons: The city of Racine has a higher percentage of people living in poverty than Racine County and the state of Wisconsin. There are 13 percent more children living in families with incomes below poverty in the city of Racine when compared to state averages.
2020 1515 1010 55 00 2006 2006
2007 2007
City Racine City of of Racine
2008 2008
Racine County Racine County
2009 2009 Wisconsin Wisconsin
2010 2010 United States United States
Source: American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates for 2005-2010, U.S. Census Bureau (from reports accessed 11/21/11).
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
Poverty: Ratio of Income to Povery Levels About the Indicator: There are different levels defining poor and poverty as outlined by the U.S Census Bureau’s Federal Poverty Threshold. As previously stated, the threshold for a family of four (two adults, two children) was $22,113 in 2010. People living in “extreme poverty” have a ratio of income to poverty level of less than 50 percent. This means that they are making less than 50 percent of the federal poverty threshold. People defined as in “poverty” have a ratio of income to poverty level from 50 to 99 percent of the threshold. These two definitions combined denote who is defined as “poor” – people making below 100 percent of the federal poverty threshold. Finally, “low income” is defined as the ratio of income to poverty level from 100 to 199 percent of the federal poverty level.
Ratio of Income to Poverty Level - 2010 Ratio of Income to Poverty Level - 2010
Percent of of People Percentage people
40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15%
Racine city
10%
Racine County
5%
Wisconsin
0% extreme poverty poverty (< (50 to 50%) 99%)
Racine
low medium high income income income (100 to (200 to (400% 199%) 399%) and over) County Children by Ratio of Income Ratio Income to Poverty Level
to
Poverty Level Racine County Children by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level
Percent of Percentage of People Children
25% 20% 15%
Extreme Poverty Poverty
10%
Low Income 5% 0% 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Comparisons: For a family of four in “extreme poverty,” their income would be less than $11,057. A family in “poverty” would earn from around $21,892 to $11,057. A family defined as “low income” could earn from $44,005 to around $22,113. “Middle income” families would be between $88,231 and $44,226. Finally, families considered to be “high income” would have an income of about $88,452 or above. Comparisons: In 2010, for example, when the percentages of children considered to be in “extreme poverty” and in “poverty” are added together, 20.1 percent of children in Racine County would be considered “poor.” When “low income” children are added to this number, 43.2 percent of children in Racine County can be defined as “poor/ low income.”
Source: American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau, 2010.
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INCOME
Food Security About the Indicator: Households that have limited access to food because of a shortage of money or other resources are â&#x20AC;&#x153;food insecure.â&#x20AC;? In 2008, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service found that food insecurity rates were more prevalent in households with incomes below the poverty level, households headed by a single parent, black households, and Hispanic households. The following indicators were selected to build a comprehensive understanding of the many factors influencing food security in Racine. Statistics represent the most recent available numbers for either 2010 or 2011.
Food Security Profile Selected indicators Poverty rate Child poverty rate Unemployment rate Families headed by single mother Non-elderly adults with disability Renters paying 30% or more of income for rent Households with no vehicles available Household receiving food stamps Children qualifying for free/reduced lunch Qualifying children participating in free or reduced price lunch program Average daily participation in free or reduced price lunch program
City of Racine 24.6% 32.1% 11.8% 18.4% 11.9% 60.1% 13.8% 22.0% 58.5% 74.5%
Racine County 14.7% 20.1% 8.2% 12.1% 8.7% 52.3% 8.8% 13.4% 49.7% 74.1%
Wisconsin 13.2% 19.1% 6.6% 10.2% 8.7% 49.4% 7.1% 11.0% 42.1% 72.7%
76.1%
65.1%
49.8%
Source: School Nutrition Programs, Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. October 2011, Unadjusted Labor Force Estimates, State of Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development. Wisconsin Food Security Project, UW Extension. American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau, 2010. Household Food Security in the United States, USDA, Economic Research Service, 2008.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
Unemployment About the Indicator: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics produces unemployment statistics based on responses from the Current Population Survey (CPS) which is given monthly to a representative sample of people in the country. State and local unemployment estimates are drawn from a combination of current and historical CPS data, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program and State Unemployment Insurance Systems. The unemployment rate is calculated as the number of unemployed individuals divided by the labor force. People are classified as unemployed if they do not have jobs, are looking for jobs and are available for work. The labor force includes people who are employed and those unemployed that meet the previously stated definition. Not Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Rates City of Racine Racine County Wisconsin United States
November 2011 11.8% 8.2% 6.6% 8.2%
Month Ago 11.8% 8.5% 6.8% 8.5%
Year Ago 13.7 8.7% 7.1% 9.3%
Comparisons: The city of Racine’s unemployment rates for the past two years have remained higher than the county, state and the nation.
Unemployment Rate Unemployment Rate Unemployment Rate 18 18 16 16 14 14
Unemployment Rate
Unemployment Rate Rate Unemployment
Comparisons: The unemployment rate for the city of Racine was estimated at 11.8 percent which is five percentage points higher than Wisconsin’s rate. The unemployment rate in the Racine Metropolitan Statistical Area has been higher than the state’s throughout the past decade.
12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 MarMar '10'10 May '10'10 Jul Jul '10'10 SepSep '10'10 NovNov '10'10 JanJan '11'11 MarMar '11'11 May '11'11 Jul Jul '11'11 SepSep '11'11 OctOct '11'11 May May CityCity of Racine of Racine
Racine County Racine County
Wisconsin Wisconsin
United States United States
Source: State of Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development. How the Government Measures Unemployment, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, February 2009.
United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012 |
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INCOME
Homelessness About the Indicator: A “point in time” count of sheltered and unsheltered homeless people is done every January by the Homeless Assistance Coalition of Racine County. Service providers and volunteers set out to locate and account for every homeless individual in Racine County, interviewing individuals to obtain additional demographic data. On January 26, 2011 the homeless person count totaled 243.
Homeless Population – January 2011
Households with children Persons in households w/ children Persons in households w/o children (single individuals) Persons in households w/ only children TOTAL PERSONS
Comparisons: Out of the homeless individuals interviewed, chronic substance abuse was the most prevalent issue or condition.
Sheltered Unsheltered Emergency Transitional 13 18 0 46 53 0
Total 31 99
104
39
1
144
0
0
0
0
150
92
1
243
Homeless Subpopulations – 2011 Category Chronically Homeless Seriously Mentally Ill Chronic Substance Abuse Veterans Persons with HIV/AIDS Victims of Domestic Violence Unaccompanied Youth
Sheltered 30 66 65 39 0 29 0
Source: Point in Time Summary for Wisconsin Racine City/County, Homeless Assistance Coalition of Racine County, January 26, 2011.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
Living Wage Estimates About the Indicator: Most economic development and welfare reform discussions center around unemployment and poverty rates, focusing on individuals who are already living in crisis. The living wage concept seeks to re-focus on the “working poor” – those that work full time, but still cannot meet the basic needs of their family. The following living wage rates assume full-time work (or 2080 hours a year) and are based on minimum estimates of monthly expenses. The living wage rates are calculated based on data from various governmental agencies (U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and U.S. Energy Information Administration). Estimated Monthly Household Expenses – Racine County One Adult Food Child care Medical Housing Transportation Other necessities Required monthly post-tax income Required annual post-tax income Annual taxes Required annual pre-tax income
$237 $0 $93 $569
One Adult, One Child $385 $621 $184 $714
$275 $199 $1,373 $16,471 $1,543 $18,015
$474 $391 $2,769 $33,223 $2,913 $36,136
Two Adults $457 $0 $186 $569
Two Adults, One Child $606 $621 $276 $714
Two Adults, Two Children $755 $1,098 $367 $714
$550 $398 $2,160 $25,922 $2,447 $28,370
$748 $591 $3,556 $42,674 $3,822 $46,496
$947 $783 $4,664 $55,974 $4,914 $60,887
Source: Living Wage Calculator and Living Wage Project, Poverty in America, 2012.
United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012 |
21
INCOME
Elder Economic Security About the Indicator: Financial needs and expenses change throughout the life course. In old age, individuals often struggle with rising housing and medical expenses. Because most elders live on a fixed income, rising costs can be financially devastating. The Wisconsin Women’s Network partnered with Wider Opportunities for Women to calculate the Elder Economic Security Standard Index. The Elder Index “measures the income that Wisconsin’s seniors need to maintain independence and meet basic living expenses. Elder Index’s cost components include food, housing, transportation, health care, miscellaneous expenses and, when needed, home and community based long-term care services. It varies based on family size, location, type of home, and health status.” Average yearly expenses for a Racine County elder homeowner without a mortgage would be $18,928, assuming good health and lower health care costs. Elder Economic Security – Racine County
Monthly expenses Yearly expenses Average county social security payment, 2010
Elder Person (Age 65+) Elder Couple (one or both age 65+) Owner w/o Renter, One Owner w/ Owner w/o Renter, One Owner w/ Mortgage Bedroom Mortgage Mortgage Bedroom Mortgage $1,577 $1,661 $2,337 $2,448 $2,531 $3,207 $18,928 $19,927 $28,041 $29,370 $30,370 $38,483 $15,833
$25,903
Elder Economic Security – Annual Costs of Long Term Care Comparisons: The average annual county social security payment is well below typical expenses for both healthy and medically-needy elders. Elders must deplete their savings, rely on family members, or take on debt in order to meet their daily needs. For adult day health care, assisted living facilities, and nursing home care, the annual costs are higher in Racine County than the median annual costs for Wisconsin.
Racine County Home Care (44 hrs/wk) Homemaker Services Home Health Aide Adult Day Health Care (40 hrs/wk) Adult Day Health Care Assisted Living Facility Private, one bedroom Nursing Home Care Semi-private room Private room
Wisconsin State Median
$43,472 $46,904
$44,616 $46,904
$18,418
$15,210
$44,400
$42,600
$91,615 $101,715
$79,475 $87,782
Source: The Elder Economic Security Standard Index for Wisconsin, Elder Economic Security Initiative Program, Wisconsin Women’s Network, Wider Opportunities for Women, 2010. Wisconsin State-Specific Data from the Genworth 2011 Cost of Care Survey, Genworth Financial, 2011.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
â&#x20AC;&#x153;True individual freedom cannot exist without economic security and independenceâ&#x20AC;?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012 |
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INDICATORS ON
HEALTH:
IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS
HEALTH
Prenatal Care About the Indicator: Women who do not receive prenatal care (medical care before giving birth) are at greater risk for having a low birthweight baby. Prenatal care also improves birth outcomes by linking women with nutrition and smoking cessation information. The earlier the prenatal care, the better the life chances are for newborns. Note: On January 1, 2006, the 2003 Revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth was implemented. These changes affected the county, state and national data sets due to variation in implementation and reporting.
Comparisons: White women have consistently higher rates of first trimester prenatal care than black and Hispanic women in Racine County. In 2009, first trimester prenatal care was 87.2 percent for white women, 65.8 percent for black women, and 67.2 percent for Hispanic women.
86
Percent New Mothers Percent of of New Mothers
Trends: The percentage of women receiving first trimester prenatal care in Racine, Wisconsin, and the U.S. has slightly decreased over the last ten years. This decrease could be due to the 2006 change to the birth certificate which elicits more accurate data.
WomenReceiving Receiving First-Trimester First-Trimester Prenatal Women PrenatalCare Care 84 82 80 78 76 74 72 2001
2002
2003
Racine County
2004
2005 Wisconsin
2006
2007
2008
2009
United States
First-Trimester Prenatal Visit First Trimester Prenatal Care Visit Care by Race/Ethnicity of by Race/Ethnicity of Mother in Racine County Mother Percent of New Mothers Percent of New Mothers
Comparisons: The percentage of women in Racine County receiving first trimester prenatal care (80%) lags behind Wisconsin (83.4%) and the nation (82% in 2007).
100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 2001
2002
2003 White
2004
2005
Black
2006
2007
2008
2009
Hispanic
Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Office of Health Informatics. VitalStats of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2009.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
Low Birthweight Babies About the Indicator: Low birthweight babies (babies born under 2,500 grams, or 5 lbs. 8 ozs.) are at a higher risk for death within the first year of life. Low birthweight babies are also at high risk for developmental problems which can hinder success in school throughout their lives. Some of these potential problems are slowed brain growth and learning problems such as delayed speech, difficulty paying attention, hyperactivity, and lower IQ. Research done in 2000 suggests an intergenerational cycle of low birthweight babies. An infant is four times more likely to be a low birthweight baby if the mother was one herself and six times more likely if the father was born under 2,500 grams. Low Birthweight Low Birthweight Babies Newborns (less than 5.5 lbs.)
Comparisons: The percentage of low birthweight newborns is much higher in Racine County than the state. In 2009, Racine County saw almost a one percent drop from the all time high 9.5 percent in 2008.
Percent PercentofofNew NewBirths Births
10 9 8 7 6 5 2001
2002
2003
2004
Racine County
2005 Wisconsin
2006
2007
2008
2009
United States
Low Birthweight Babies (less than 5.5 lbs.) by Race/Ethnicity of Mother in Racine County
Trends: While the trend over time shows little or no change, the racial disparities for low birthweight babies in Racine County were the largest between black and white newborns with an 8.9 percentage point difference in 2009.
Low Birthweight Babies by Race/Ethnicity of Mother
Percent of New Births Percent of New Births
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001
2002
2003 White
2004
2005 Black
2006
2007
2008
2009
Hispanic
Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Office of Health Informatics. The Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2003.
United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012 |
27
HEALTH
Infant Mortality Rate About the Indicator: Infant mortality refers to deaths that occur within the first year of life. The infant mortality “rate” is the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births during that year. Large gains have been made in decreasing the infant mortality rate in the United States over the last 50 years. The rate dropped from 26.0 in 1960 to 6.9 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000, largely due to gains in the medical field. The actual number of deaths in Racine County in 2009 was 19, with 7 of those deaths being white babies, and 8 being black babies.
16
16
14
14
Number of Infant Deaths per 1,000 Live Births
Infant Mortality Infant Mortality RateRate Infant Mortality
12
12
10
10
8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
Number of infant deaths Number of Infant Deaths per LiveBirths Births per 1,000 1,000 Live
Comparisons: The 2009 infant mortality rate is much higher for the city of Racine (9.7%) when compared to the county (7.4%), state (6.0%) and national (6.3%) rates. Racine’s city and county rates started to diverge greatly from the state and national statistics in 2000.
20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 20052005 20062006 20072007 20082008 20092009 of Racine City ofCity Racine
Wisconsin Wisconsin
U.S. U.S.
InfantCounty Mortality by Race/Ethnicity in Racine County Racine Infant Mortality by Race/Ethnicity 45
Number of infant deaths Number of Infant Deaths per 1,000 Live Births per 1,000 Live Births
Comparisons: Rates of infant mortality for black mothers has been higher than for white or Hispanic mothers. Racine County’s 2009 infant mortality rate for African-American children of 18.5 is similar to the 2011 infant mortality rates in Armenia, the Philippines, and the Solomon Islands.
Racine County Racine County
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001
2002 White
2003
2004
2005
African American
2006
2007
2008
2009
Hispanic
Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Office of Health Informatics. World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency. Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2009.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
Elevated Lead Levels About the Indicator: Lead poisoning (lead levels of greater than 10 milligrams per deciliter of blood) can have significantly adverse effects on children. Lead poisoning can hinder brain development as lead-poisoned children have been shown to have lower IQs, learning disabilities and behavioral issues. Lead poisoning has also been linked to kidney disease, Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s disease and other life-shortening illnesses in adults. The City of Racine Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program recommends children be tested for lead poisoning every year until the age of six.
Lead Poisoning in Children Under Age Six â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2010 City of Racine Number of children under age six - county (2000) Number of children tested/screened Number of confirmed cases % with lead poisoning
Caledonia/Mt. Pleasant Health Department
Western Racine County Health Department
15,313 3,300
1,007
324
32
2
2
1.0%
0.2%
0.6%
Trends: The percent of tested children with lead poisoning has significantly decreased since 2000 in Racine County.
Lead-Poisoned Lead PoisonedChildren Childrenin-Racine RacineCounty County Percent of Tested Children AgeChildren Six PercentUnder of Tested
10 9
Comparisons: The percentage of children with lead poisoning was slightly higher in the city of Racine compared to western Racine County.
8.6
8 7 6
5.4
5
4.0
4
4.6 3.8
3.8
3 2
1.8
1.8
2006
2007
1.5
1.2
2008
2009
1 0 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Source: City of Racine. Western Racine County Health Department. Central Racine County Health Department. Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program, CBLS County-Level Summary Data for Wisconsin, 2008, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008. United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012 |
29
HEALTH
Teen Birth Rate About the Indicator: The teen birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 females ages 15-19. The category for age 20 and younger (<20) includes mothers that are younger than 15 years old. Teen mothers are more likely to receive prenatal care later in their pregnancy and have a baby with low birthweight. In Wisconsin, the infant mortality rate is higher for mothers under age 20 (11.3) as compared to mothers over 20 years of age (5.5). In 2009, there were 265 births to teen mothers under age 20 in Racine County, with 85 births to mothers ages 15 to 17, and three births to mothers below the age of 15.
Comparisons: The 2009 teen birth rate (<20) in the city of Racine is the second highest in the state. The city of Racine teen birth rate (15-19) is a little less than 2.5 times the stateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rate. In fact, Racine has the second highest teen birth rate in the state among 15-19 year old mothers.
Teen Birth Rates by Selected Cities of Residence â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Wisconsin 2009 City Racine Kenosha Madison Milwaukee Green Bay Wisconsin
Teen Birth Rate (15-19) 68.9 60.6 19.8 78.6 59.4 29.3
Teen Birth Rate (<20) 69.9 61.2 20.3 80.0 60.0 29.6
Teen Birth Rates for Racine County 2000 Teens 15-17 25.0 Teens 18-19 107.2
2001 26.6 72.9
2002 26.0 82.9
2003 28.5 77.7
2004 24.2 69.3
2005 29.0 71.7
2006 27.6 73.3
2007 24.2 85.4
2008 25.9 72.9
2009 22.8 65.0
Source: Births to Teens in Wisconsin, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Office of Health Informatics.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
Sexually Transmitted Diseases About the Indicator: Reports of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and Syphilis are collected by the Wisconsin Division of Public Health from local health departments. The Wisconsin Divison of Public Health publishes STD rates every year. The rate of STDs is the number of reported cases per 100,000 of the population. In 2010, Racine County had the third highest rate of STDs in the state, behind Milwaukee and Menominee. The 20-24 age group had the highest rate of 4,009 compared to the 15-19 age group with a rate of 3,238. Fifty-one percent of the cases involved African American individuals and 33 percent involved white individuals. About 71 percent of the cases occurred within females and 29 percent in males. Chlamydia was the most common STD contracted with 1,076 cases in 2010. Reported ReportedSTD STDCases Cases-–Racine RacineCounty County 1,600 1,337
Number of Cases Cases Number of
1,400 1,165
1,200 1,000
1,007
1,332
1,302 1,199
1,115
1,300 1,188
953
Trends: In 2010, there were 112 more reported STD cases than the year before. Since 2001, the number of reported cases has increased by 29 percent.
800 600 400 200 0 2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
HIV/AIDS: In 2010, 265 individuals received their initial human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis in Wisconsin. This number of “new” cases was down from 300 in 2009, but is still higher than the 238 cases reported in 2001. Males were disproportionately represented, making up 80 percent of the new cases in 2010. The majority of cases were reported from southeastern Wisconsin, with 57 percent of the cases coming from Milwaukee County. In 2010, ten new HIV cases were reported in Racine County. As of September 30, 2011 seven new cases were reported. Note: This report uses the terms “sexually transmitted diseases” (STD) and “sexually transmitted infections” (STI) interchangeably.
Source: Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Wisconsin STD Program, Wisconsin Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Reports.
United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012 |
31
HEALTH
Youth Developmental Assets About the Indicator: Developmental assets are external and internal factors which seem to enhance the health and well-being of youth. Drawing from their extensive research on child and youth development, Search Institute has found that the 40 developmental assets are powerful in shaping teen behavior, reducing negative risky behaviors and increasing positive ones. And the effects are cumulativeâ&#x20AC;Ś the more assets, the better. Racine County youth, grades 7 to 12, were surveyed in April and May, 2010, using the Profiles of Student Life: Attitudes and Behaviors instrument. More than 7,100 students from Racine County public and private middle and high schools participated in the survey. This survey was also given in 1997, 2002 and 2006. Average AverageNumber NumberofofDevelopmental DevelopmentalAssets Assets -â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2010 2010 18.6
Number of Assets
Average Number of Assets
Comparisons: Racine County students possess, on average, 17.9 of the 40 developmental assets. The Search Institute urges communities to strive to ensure that youth develop 31 or more of the 40 assets.
18.4
18.4 18.2 18.0
18.1 17.9
17.9 17.8
17.8 17.6
17.6
17.5
17.4 17.2 17.0 Total
Trends: For each of the four years the survey has been given, results have been relatively similar. The number of assets youth report shows a slight positive increase since 1997.
7
8
9
Grade
10
11
12
Racine County Students by Number of Assets Youth with 31-40 assets Youth with 21-30 assets Youth with 11-20 assets Youth with 0-10 assets
1997 4% 27% 45% 24%
2002 5% 27% 44% 24%
2006 5% 28% 44% 22%
2010 7% 30% 44% 19%
Source: Developmental Assets: A Profile of Your Youth, Racine County Schools, Search Institute of Minneapolis, July 2010.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
Constructive Use of Time
Boundaries and Expectations
Empowerment
Support
Youth Developmental Assets: External Category
External Assets
1997
2002
2006
2010
Family support
Family provides high levels of love and support.
61%
61%
63%
65%
Positive family communication
Young person and parent(s) communicate and young person is willing to seek advice and counsel from parent(s).
20%
24%
23%
24%
Other positive adult relationships
Young person receives support from three or more nonparent adults.
40%
40%
40%
43%
Caring neighborhood
Young person experiences caring neighborhoods.
34%
30%
30%
33%
Caring school climate
School provides a caring, encouraging environment.
20%
20%
24%
27%
Parent involvement in schooling
Parent(s) actively involved in helping young person succeed.
26%
23%
25%
26%
Community values youth
Young person perceives that adults in the community value youth.
15%
16%
17%
20%
Youth as resources
Young people are given useful roles in the community.
23%
21%
23%
25%
Service to others
Young person serves in the community one hour or more per week.
48%
47%
48%
49%
Safety
Young person feels safe at home, at school, and in the neighborhood.
46%
53%
51%
53%
Family boundaries
Family has clear rules and consequences, and monitors the young person’s whereabouts.
39%
40%
40%
42%
School boundaries
School provides clear rules and consequences.
38%
40%
41%
47%
Neighborhood boundaries
Neighbors take responsibility for monitoring young people’s behavior.
43%
43%
42%
45%
Adult role models
Parent(s) and other adults model positive, responsible behavior.
23%
21%
23%
23%
Positive peer influence
Young person’s best friends model responsible behavior.
52%
57%
57%
60%
High expectations
Both parent(s) and teachers encourage the young person to do well.
39%
39%
43%
47%
Creative activities
Young person spends three or more hours per week in lessons or practice in music, theater, or other arts.
20%
21%
20%
17%
Youth programs
Young person spends three or more hours per week in sports, clubs, or organizations at school and/or in community organizations.
54%
52%
54%
51%
Religious community
Young person spends one hour or more per week in activities in a religious institution.
57%
55%
54%
49%
Time at home
Young person is out with friends “with nothing special to do” two or fewer nights per week.
42%
46%
47%
46%
United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012 |
33
HEALTH
Positive Identity
Social Competencies
Positive Values
Commitment to Learning
Youth Developmental Assets: Internal
34 |
Category
Internal Assets
1997
2002
2006
2010
Achievement motivation
Young person is motivated to do well in school.
61%
60%
61%
64%
School engagement
Young person is actively engaged in learning.
60%
57%
52%
54%
Homework
47%
48%
41%
41%
Bonding to school
Young person reports doing at least one hour of homework every school day. Young person cares about her or his school.
46%
42%
46%
49%
Reading for pleasure
Young person reads for pleasure three or more hours per week.
21%
22%
23%
23%
Caring
Young person places high value on helping other people.
40%
42%
47%
50%
Equality and social justice
42%
44%
49%
50%
61%
62%
65%
68%
Honesty
Young person places high value on promoting equality and reducing hunger and poverty. Young person acts on convictions and stands up for her or his beliefs. Young person “tells the truth even when it is not easy.”
55%
59%
62%
65%
Responsibility
Young person accepts and takes personal responsibility.
54%
56%
61%
64%
Restraint
Young person believes it is important not to be sexually active or to use alcohol or other drugs. Young person knows how to plan ahead and make choices.
34%
39%
38%
38%
27%
28%
28%
30%
Young person has empathy, sensitivity, and friendship skills.
40%
41%
41%
43%
Young person has knowledge of and comfort with people of different cultural/racial/ethnic backgrounds. Resistance skills Young person can resist negative peer pressure and dangerous situations. Peaceful conflict resolution Young person seeks to resolve conflict nonviolently.
35%
40%
40%
40%
33%
37%
37%
39%
39%
36%
36%
36%
Personal power
42%
39%
39%
43%
Self-esteem
Young person feels he or she has control over “things that happen to me.” Young person reports having a high self-esteem.
50%
46%
46%
50%
Sense of purpose
Young person reports that “my life has a purpose.”
55%
56%
56%
60%
Positive view of personal future
Young person is optimistic about her or his personal future.
69%
69%
69%
71%
Integrity
Planning and decisionmaking Interpersonal competence Cultural competence
United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
High-Risk Youth Behaviors About the Indicator: Racine County youth were surveyed regarding risk-taking behaviors. The high-risk behavior that the most (34%) Racine County youth reported was â&#x20AC;&#x153;violent actsâ&#x20AC;? which include fighting, hitting, injuring, carrying or using a weapon, or threatening harm. Youth were also asked specifically about their substance use and whether they used marijuana, sniffed or inhaled substances to get high, or used other illicit drugs in the last year. Illicit drugs include cocaine, PCP, LSD, heroin, and amphetamines. Youth were also asked to report whether they used alcohol at least once in the last 30 days. Students Reporting High-Risk Behaviors 1997 27% 24% 25% 43% 28% 26% 24% 26% 21% 30%
Gambling Driving after drinking Skipping school Committing violent acts Shoplifting, vandalising or having contact with police Being frequently depressed/Attempting suicide Being sexually active Using illicit drugs Smoking daily Using alcohol frequently or heavily
50
50
45
45
40
40
35
35
30
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
Percent of Youth
Percent ofofYouth Percent Youth
Youth Reporting Substance Abuse Youth Reporting Substance Abuse Youth Reporting Substance Abuse
5 0
2002 18% 21% 28% 37% 23% 27% 23% 22% 12% 24%
2006 19% 20% 26% 39% 25% 26% 23% 18% 9% 25%
2010 12% 17% 21% 34% 20% 23% 24% 18% 7% 19%
Comparisons: Alcohol use is the most common substance used by students in Grade 12, closely followed by marijuana. A higher percentage of middle school students reported using inhalants than high-schoolers.
5 0 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12 Alcohol Alcohol
Inhalants Inhalants
Marijuana Marijuana
Other Illicit Drugs Other Ilicit Drugs
Source: Developmental Assets: A Profile of Your Youth, Racine County Schools, Search Institute of Minneapolis, July 2010.
United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012 |
35
HEALTH
Incidence of Child Abuse and Neglect About the Indicator: Alleged child maltreatment is reported to Racine County Human Services Department and investigated by the Child Protective Services Investigations Unit. Child maltreatment, pertaining to children 17 years and younger, is generally divided into four basic types: physical abuse, physical neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. Threats of child abuse and neglect must also be reported and are categorized as “maltreatment that is likely to occur.” Abuse and neglect is linked with language deficits, reduced cognitive functioning and attention deficit disorders. Neglected and abused children tend to have lower grades, standardized test scores and rates of grade promotion.
250 200 Number of Reported Cases
Number ReportedCases Cases Number ofofReported
Trends: Over the last five years, substantiated physical child abuse cases in Racine County increased by 35 percent. There has been a steady decrease in the number of substantiated sexual child abuse cases since 2000, in part due to the exclusion of “mutual sexual activity by minors” data starting in 2005.
150 100 50 0
Substantiated Cases of Child Abuse/Neglect Substantiated Cases of of Child Abuse/Neglect Substantiated Cases Child Abuse/Neglect (Children Birth to Age 17) (Children birth to age 17) (Children Birth to Age 17) 250 200 150 100 50 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Physical Abuse Physical Abuse
Physical Neglect Physical Neglect
2006 2005
2007 2006
Sexual Abuse Sexual Abuse
2008 2009 2007 2008 Abuse Likely Abuse Likely
Source: Wisconsin Department of Children and Families. Wisconsin Child Abuse and Neglect Report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Reproductive and Birth Outcomes.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
Incidence of Other Abuse
Number ofofIncidents Number Cases
About the Indicator: Domestic violence is a pattern of coercive behavior that may include physical, sexual, economic, emotional, and/or psychological abuse by an intimate family member. Due to the implementation of the new data collection system, PROTECT, Racine County domestic violence statistics were not available between 2006 and 2008. Elder abuse is a neglectful or intentionally harmful act performed by a “trusted” individual or caregiver to a vulnerable elder. Elder abuse can include exploitation, neglect, abandonment, physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and even self-neglect. The National Center on Elder Abuse reports that more than one in ten elders may experience some kind of abuse, but only one in five abuses are actually reported. Therefore, the elder abuse statistics reported may be an underestimation of actual elder abuse in Racine County. Domestic Violence Incidents Reported in Racine County Domestic Violence in Racine County Trends: The number of reported 1,600 1,488 domestic violence incidents 1,400 peaked in 2009 with 1,488 1,259 1,188 incidents. The number has since 1,122 1,200 1,084 dropped 40.1 percent to 878 1,000 incidents in 2010. 878 800 600 400 200 0 2001
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Elder County ElderAbuse AbuseininRacine Racine County
250
222
235
Number of Reports Number of Reports
205
200 155
150
Trends: Reports of elder abuse have increased by about six percent since 2009 and by 164 percent since 2000.
170 140
137
128 110
100
77
50
0 2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Department of Justice. Office of Crime Victim Services. Racine County District Attorney’s Office. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Wisconsin Department of Health Services.
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HEALTH
Substance Abuse About the Indicator: Because substance abuse impacts not only the individual abuser, but family, friends, and the community, there are many potential indicators of substance abuse. One substance abuse indicator is the annual number of hospitalizations due to substance abuse. In 2009, there were 50 deaths where alcohol or drugs were the underlying or contributing causes of death in Racine County. Another specific indicator of substance abuse is the number of injuries and deaths due to alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents.
Alcohol and Drug-Related Hospitalizations
Alcohol and Drug-Related Hospitalizations
450 400
Number NumberHospitalized Hospitalized
Trends: Alcohol-related hospitalizations have fluctuated over the past years, dipping to 280 in 2003 and then going back up to 391 in 2005. Since 2005, there has been a 14.1 percent decrease in alcoholrelated hospitalizations in Racine County. Hospitalizations due to drug abuse increased between 2003 and 2005, but have since decreased by 37 percent.
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Alcohol
2006
2007
2008
2009
2008
2009
Drugs
Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Accidents
Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Accidents
350 300
Number NumberofofIncidences Incidences
Trends: The number of Racine County alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents resulting in death has remained somewhat consistent over the last ten years. On the other hand, the number of alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents resulting in injury significantly decreased after 2003.
2005
250 200 150 100 50 0 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Injuries
Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
2005 Deaths
2006
2007
Tobacco Use About the Indicator: Tobacco use has immediate and long-term negative effects on individuals and society and is the “leading preventable cause of death in the United States.” Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and most lung cancer deaths are caused by cigarette smoking. In 2009, 292 deaths in Racine County were directly attributable to tobacco use. Twenty percent of Racine County residents selfidentified as being current smokers in the national 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, which is generally consistent with the state average (19.1%). About 15 percent or 389 of the 2,583 Racine County births in 2009 were from mothers who also self-identified as regular smokers. LungCancer CancerDeaths Deaths in in Racine Racine County Lung County
Number of Deaths Number of Deaths
120 100
113
111 88
108
102
107
110
2008
2009
107 90
88
Trends: The number of lung cancer deaths in Racine County peaked in 1998 and has since decreased by 10.6 percent.
80 60 40 20 0 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Tobacco Use in Racine County
Tobacco Use in Racine County
Percent Residents Percent of of Residents
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2004
2005 Current Smoker
2006
2007 Former Smoker
2008
2009
2010
Trends: From 2006 to 2008 there was a seven percent increase in Racine County residents who have never smoked. (Note: No data for 2009 are available.) 2010 saw a decrease in the percent of residents who never smoked. Since the 2004 peak of 31.8 percent, there was a 36 percent decrease in the number of people currently smoking between 2004 and 2008.
Never Smoked
Source: Surgeon General’s Report, Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2004. Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Wisconsin Department of Health Services.
United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012 |
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HEALTH
Safety: Juvenile Crime About the Indicator: Juvenile crime can be measured by the number of youth, 17 years and younger, who are taken into custody by a law officer. In Racine County, there were 3,873 apprehensions of juveniles in 2010. This represents a nine percent decrease since 2009. Of the total juvenile apprehensions or arrests, 76 were for violent crimes and 536 were for property crimes like burglary, theft, arson, and vandalism. Offenses committed by juveniles due to their under-age status or â&#x20AC;&#x153;status arrestsâ&#x20AC;? in Racine County for 2010 include 188 for liquor law violations, 406 for curfew violations and 23 as runaways.
Trends: There was a 17 percent decrease in juvenile theft arrests in Racine County from 2009 to 2010. Juvenile weapons arrests increased by 20.6 percent from 2009 to 2010.
Theft Sexual assault Weapons
Racine County Students by Number of Arrests 2000 2005 2008 2009 530 469 370 449 98 95 32 34 73 92 59 34
Racine County JuvenileArrests Arrests Racine County Juvenile 600
Number of Arrests
Number of Arrests
500 400 300 200 100 0 2001
2002
2003 Theft
2004
2005
2006
2007
Sexual Assault
Source: Arrests in Wisconsin, Wisconsin Office of Justice Assistance.
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United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012
2008
Weapons
2009
2010
2010 371 41 41
Safety: Adult Crime About the Indicator: Criminal activity is described as either Part I or Part II crimes. “Part I crime” includes murder, manslaughter, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. “Part II crime” consist of vandalism, disorderly conduct and drug possession crimes. In 2010, aggravated assault accounted for almost 49 percent of all violent crimes committed in Racine County.
Part I Crime in Racine County Part I Crime in Racine County 9,000
8,459
8,000
7,170
Number Number of of Incidents Incidents
7,000
6,917
7,352
7,332
7,372
6,925
6,995 6,262
6,000
5,937
Trends: The number of Part I crimes in Racine County peaked in 2001 and have since decreased by almost 30 percent. There was a five percent decrease in Part I crimes from 2009 to 2010.
5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Crime in Wisconsin, Wisconsin Office of Justice Assistance.
United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012 |
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â&#x20AC;&#x153;He who has health, has hope. And he who has hope, has everything.â&#x20AC;?
Arabian Proverb
United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2012 |
43
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