18 Broadway Comprehensive Summary May 2009

BROADWAY “A PLACE THAT CONTEMPLATES A FUTURE WHERE WATER - IS CLEAN, FOOD – IS ABUNDANT, SHELTER – IS AFFORDABLE & ENERGY – IS ENDLESS”

DST Eco-Initiative Designed to Deliver Long-term Public Benefit DST “18 Broadway” Project 18 Broadway is a zero-impact, green initiative on a full city block, two blocks south of the Performing Arts Center straddling two urban neighborhoods – the Crossroads and West Side.

The Project is a combined living laboratory and demonstration site for 17 green technologies in the Water, Food, Shelter and Energy sectors. Its high-profile location on a major downtown boulevard is an ideal location for achieving maximum exposure of the Project’s primary impact objectives: 1.

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Catalyst to stimulate, educate, and test new thinking in applied green technologies Alternative solution to Kansas City’s storm water overflow problem Compatibility of commercial development with environmental stewardship Replicable design for city-wide application City amenity with sustainable economic, social, and environmental benefits

Water – Project designers have devised a state-of-the-art network of rain gardens to integrate with Kansas City’s proposed “10,000 Rain Garden” solution to its Combined Overflow Control Problem. A series of storm water management systems, including rain gardens, purifies and reuses storm water that falls onto the site and is brought into the site from the surrounding streets. Each garden is a discrete eco-system, employing its own unique hydrological and phyto-remediation techniques to capture and purify approximately 1 million gallons of contaminated run-off annually, which represents 1% of the Turkey Creek basin runoff. Purified water is then re-circulated on site to irrigate community gardens and supply fresh water to the site’s future zero-energy townhomes.

Food – Community gardens comprise the ½-acre center portion of the Project site and serve as a hub for wholesome community activity. Fresh produce will be made available to local community food centers for families in need. DST is currently in discussions with Harvesters to provide 2 tons of fresh produce annually from 18 Broadway to its food banks.

Energy – All requisite electrical energy is generated on site using a combination of solar panels and photo-voltaics to achieve a zero-carbon footprint. Eco-fuel technologies which further diminish greenhouse gas emissions will complete the site’s alternative energy profile and will include the following: electric vehicle charging station using off-peak power from solar panels; charging station for compressed natural gas; Big Belly solar powered trash compactors; and glass recycling center.

Shelter – DST is in discussion with KCP&L about new net-zero energy townhomes that will demonstrate how green residential development can be energy self-sufficient and Integrated with conventional urban structures. A commercial building on the block can be used as a part of an integrated platform for making this site a micro-grid showcasing leading-edge energy efficiency strategies, from automated information systems and demand/response to renewable distributed energy that will actually push electric power back onto the electric utility grid.

The following pages provide detail of DST’s 18 Broadway Project as developed by Kansas City-based firms 360 Architects, Patti Banks Associates, and TapanAm Associates, Inc. A public-private partnership could replicate this DST Project throughout Kansas City, making our City a model of leading-edge green infrastructure development that delivers long-term benefit to the public and private sectors.

AN IDEA the beginning of a conversation In the fall of 2008, DST desired to do something special with a block of land they own, located in the Crossroads District at 18th and Broadway. The initial conversations centered on the original idea of creating a series of Rain Gardens in the spirit of Kansas City’s 10,000 Rain Gardens initiative. It would be a place where you could come down see the Rain Gardens in action, and learn how to build and plant a Rain Garden when you get home. Subsequently, as the discussions continued, so did the flow of ideas and the notion that this site could serve as a showcase and research project centered on what it means to live “Green” in the whole aspect of how we dwell.

This project encompasses the wider notion of our stewardship of the environment. It will showcase and combine best practices for water, food, shelter, energy, recycling, and transportation in one location with responsible design; demonstrating the possibilities of conservation and sustainability we should all recognize and practice daily. And it will embrace best practices and focus on the relationships and interdependence of systems in the context of city and regional aspirations. The project will further goals already recognized by the city in the area of stormwater management as outlined in the Water Department’s Overflow Control Program, and take advantage of emerging technologies and initiatives through pilot programs with KCP&L in the area of energy.

The site is located between Downtown and Crown Center/Union Station. It is 2 blocks south of the new Performing Arts Center at the NW corner of the Crossroads District at Broadway and 18th. The site is approximately 1.75 acres and is bound by 18th and 19th, Broadway and Central. pg 1 of 13

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SHOW ME

A PLACE . . . to see ideas put into practice to learn to live to explore to heal the environment to research

WHERE . . .

WATER is clean FOOD is abundant SHELTER is affordable ENERGY is endless pg 2 of 13

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ONE BLOCK

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ONE BLOCK what are we doing here 8

8 2

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1

COURT

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12

HOUSING

18

18

WATER

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1 BROADWAY STORM PLANTERS 2 18TH STREET SWALES

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3 RAIN GARDENS

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b

There are 19 projects as part of the development of the whole site. They have been catergorized according to their function related to water, food, shelter, and energy.

4 BROADWAY COURT

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5 CISTERN 6 ALLEY SWALES

1

7 STORMWATER RETENTION POND 3

8 CURB BUMP-OUT SWALE

6

9 PARKING LOT SWALE

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10 GREEN ROOF ABOVE PARKING

SUB-ACRE FA R M I N G

1

FOOD

17 19

11

11 SUB-ACRE FARMING

PARKING

3

SHELTER

13 17

12 SUSTAINABLE HOUSING

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ENERGY

6

1

13 GLASS RECYCLING

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14 BIO-DIESEL

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under greenroof canopy

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bicycle parking

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school bus drop-off

15 COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS STATION (CNG) 16 ETHANOL STATION 17 ELECTRIC FILLING STATION 18 PV POWER 19 PV POWERED SITE LIGHTING

art will be incorporated throughout the project at all scales. Projects might include large endeavors like the Cistern at Broadway Court, or sculpture along the diagonal walk. Smaller projects might include iron work for sidewalk plates over drainage trenches among other things.

STRATEGIES DEFINED WITHIN KANSAS CITY’S OVERFLOW CONTROL PROGRAM

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WATER If all the world’s water were fit into a gallon jug, the fresh water available for us to use would equal only about a teaspoon.

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BROADWAY STORM PLANTERS Stormwater runoff from the street flows downhill along the existing curb until it reaches the planter. A 12-inch-wide trench drain channels the runoff into the planter.

Stormwater is allowed to pond to a depth of 7 inches before infiltrating through the soil at a rate of approximately 4 inches per hour. During large storm events, water may enter at a faster rate than it can infiltrate. In that case, the additional water is piped into the rain gardens or flows to the next consecutive planter. The primary purpose of the storm water planter is to capture/reduce the flow of water and clean the water that does not infiltrate so that it enters the storm drain system clean.

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18TH STREET SWALES Swales are a vegetated filter, also referred to as a biofiltration swale or bio-swale. As stormwater flows through the swale, solid particles settle out. Plants in the swale act as a natural filter to help remove contaminates in the water. These earth channels are planted with erosion-resistant and flood-tolerant grasses that have the capacity to retain pollutants and slow stormwater.

3

THE RAIN GARDENS A “rain garden” is a man-made depression in the ground that is used as a landscape tool to improve water quality. The rain garden forms a “bio-retention area” by collecting water runoff and storing it, permitting it be filtered and slowly absorbed by the soil. The bioretention concept is based on the hydrologic function of forest habitat, in which the forest produces a spongy litter layer that soaks up water and allows it to slowly penetrate the soil layer. The site for the rain garden should be placed strategically to intercept water run-off.

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WATER

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STORMWATER RETENTION POND Stormwater retention ponds or “basins” are designed to hold rain water that has “run off” the surrounding landscape of lawns, roads, and rooftops. The stormwater is held in the basin and, in our case, pumped to a cistern for irrigation of the site vegetation and farm crops. Retention ponds also reduce how fast runoff enters our natural waterways and trap pollutants in runoff such as nutrients, metals, and sediments.

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BROADWAY COURT AND CISTERN The Broadway Court will provide a welcome plaza with the perfect vantage point to view the conservation principles behind this endevour, as well as the Crossroads District beyond. While providing a shaded place of rest, the plaza is also home to a cistern system, which serves to store captured runoff stormwater that will irrigate the on site vegetation and farm crops. Photovoltaic powered pumps will supply the cistern water from the retention pond, on view at the base of the terraced site.

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ALLEY SWALE The alley swales, similar to the 18th Street swale, is a linear bio-retention. This pourous depressed box (or trapezoidal ditch) will soak up 12” of water within 3 days. The alley swale will have the ability to hold some water and slow the flow from 18th street swales and the alley run-off as water flows towards the stormwater retention pond.

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CURB BUMP-OUT SWALE Curb bump-out swales are a bio-filtering extension of a curb into a street, driving lane, or parking area. They preform a multi-function service of filtering and slowing storm water runoff, calming and directing traffic patterns, and beautifying streetscapes with lush vegetation. Bump-outs are reflective of some of the green surface stormwater strategies of the Kanas City Overflow Control Program.

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WATER Every drop of water that falls onto the site, should stay on site.

CAPTURING RAIN ON THE SITE 5,200 cubic feet - 90% of rain events 17,000 cubic feet - 5 year event West Rain Garden strip is 7 feet wide South Rain Garden strip is 12 feet wide

CAPTURING RAIN ON THE SITE AND ADJACENT STREETS 7,400 cubic feet - 90% of rain events 24,337 cubic feet - 5 year event West Rain Garden strip is 12 feet wide South Rain Garden strip is 22 feet wide

CAPTURING RAIN ON THE SITE AND STREETS BEYOND 12,700 cubic feet - 90% of rain events 29,699 cubic feet - 5 year event West Rain Garden strip is 20 feet wide South Rain Garden strip is 30 feet wide

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PARKING LOT SWALE The swale collects and treats parking lot stormwater runoff by percolating it to buried sand filters before discharging the clean stormwater to the retention pond via a connecting drainage pipe. Pervious paving and underground stormwater filters are used to treat stormwater runoff at locations on the site that cannot drain to the swale under gravity flow.

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GREEN ROOF Green roofs come in all sizes and provide several benefits. Some are thin, low weight, low maintenance and do not support foot traffic. Others can be great places for people and provide for a wide variety of plants and surfaces. Green roofs retain 64% to 95% of average rainfall, protect and prolong the life of the roof membrane, reduce energy loads by insulating the roof and by a cooling effect through transpiration of the rooftop plants, capture and filter stormwater, expand habitat for birds, and reduce urban heat island effects. There are two classes of green roofs. “Extensive” green roofs support sedum vegetation and other drought-tolerant plants without irrigation, and are less than 6” deep. “Intensive” green roofs can support tall grass and shrubs at 12” deep, and even trees at several feet deep of growing medium.

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WATER C

C

C

E

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E

We will be able to capture and clean water beyond our site for 90% of the rainstorms that occur throughout the year.

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A J D

F

D

D A

FOLLOW THE RAINDROP

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B

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Rainfall from Broadway enters storm planters where it is cleaned and a small amount retained; the excess is channeled to rain garden.

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Water from Broadway planters is cleaned and stored in rain garden, excess water flows to the next rain garden.

C

Rainfall from 18th Street flows through the sidewalk via covered runnels into 18th Street swale.

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Rainfall from rooftops flows into planters; overflow from planters runs into 18th Street swale.

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18th Street swale collects water from 18th Street and rooftops, is cleaned and conveyed to alley swales.

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Alley swales clean and convey water to retention pond, which provides minor detention and helps regulate flow.

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Curb bump-outs are swales that capture rainfall, filter it, and release clean water while controlling traffic.

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Rainfall from 19th St. flows through sidewalk trenches into rain garden.

I

Water is pumped from the rentention pond up to a cistern by a photovoltaic powered pump. 5800 cubic feet, which represents site runoff, can be pumped in 6 hours.

J

Water from the cistern is used for irrigation of the sub-acre farm and on site vegetation.

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Parking lot rainfall will migrate to swales with the capacity to clean and reduce water flow through infiltration and minor retention.

F

A

A

A

B

west rain garden strip

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A B

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south rain garden strip

K

A I

B

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THE STRATEGIES EMPLOYED ON THIS SITE PROVIDE A PRECEDENT FOR EACH GREEN COMPONENT DESCRIBED IN KANSAS CITY’S OVERFLOW CONTROL PROGRAM. H

H

H

G

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A Water Quality Event is a reference to 90% of Kansas City’s rain storms, which measure 1.37 inches.

+ + + +

bump-outs parking islands pocket parks rooftops

+ permeable systems + cisterns for collecting water + street planters and soil trenches

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FOOD

SHELTER A 1/2 acre farm can feed up to 40 people a day.

Seattle’s p-patch community gardens offer 2500 plots that serve more than 6000 urban gardeners on 23 acres of land.

Seattle’s p-patch community gardens supply 7 to 10 tons of produce to Seattle food banks each year.

P-patch farmers can grow vegetables, small fruits, flowers, and herbs on 100, 200, and 400 s.f. lots at $11.00 for each 100 s.f.

“SPIN” farmers produce 10-15 different crops and sell high-quality organic products at highend prices.

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SUB-ACRE FARMING Approximately one half acre of the site will be devoted to farming. SPIN-Farming is a franchise that is bringing agriculture back home and accelerating the shift to locally based food systems. It will create farmlands in urban areas where potentially one half acre can gross up to $35,000 to $50,000.00 in sales. The model aims to balance production between high-value and low-value crops to produce a steady revenue stream. There are three growing strategies that include a single crop growing area, a bi-relay sequential growing of two crops, and an intensive relay area, where three or more crops are grown on a sequential basis throughout the year.

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SUSTAINABLE HOUSING Today’s knowledge base and technics of sustainable housing strategies provide huge benefits with minimal investment. Multiple approaches from passive solar design, solar water heating, geothermal mechanical systems, natural ventilation, gray water systems, and highly insulated building envelopes minimize the load on the city infrastructure, and the home owner’s utility bills. By designing just with the sun in mind, it is possible

to reduce heating and air conditioning loads by 50% or more.

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ENERGY

SHELTER “imagine your meter running backwards”

leading-edge energy demonstrations - KCPL energy efficiency - information systems demand response distributed energy (renewable) micro-grids

BigBelly solar compactors use the sun’s energy to compact trash at the point of disposal, dramatically increasing capacity by 5 times within the same footprint as ordinary receptacles. Increased capacity reduces collection trips and can cut related fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions by 80%. Made in the USA, BigBelly can operate for eight years on the equivalent energy it takes to drive a garbage truck one mile!

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SMART BUILDINGS “Smart building” controls today provide instantaneous detailed feedback on energy performance to the building’s energy systems and to occupants. Studies show energy

use goes down 40% when occupants have real-time feedback on energy use.

Several super-efficient heating and air conditioning systems can be modeled in this project and their performance can be tracked. All this can be analyzed to establish real-world viability as financial investments. Fresh air delivery/energy recovery system and the use of finish materials that do not contain or off-gas toxic chemicals can provide a healthier home. Efficient use of materials and improved quality of construction can be optimized by prefabrication of the structure in a factory using advance framing techniques and controlled assembly conditions.

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ENERGY INDEPENDENCE Net-zero average annual energy use can be accomplished with onsite energy generation. When energy is being produced, a second electric meter would record the energy being pushed onto the electricity grid. Over the length of a year, when grid energy used equals energy pushed onto the grid, a net-zero performance is reached. Onsite renewable energy system options include photovoltaic arrays, which directly convert sunlight to electricity; solar thermal systems, which preheat domestic water; and wind turbines, which convert mechanical energy to electricity. If not installed on day-one, the building can be “future proofed” with accommodations for future energy generation systems.

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GLASS RECYCLING The proposal to provide recycled glass feedstock to Johns Manville and Owens/Corning appears to be a good fit. Glass is one of the most difficult consumer materials to recycle.

It is dangerous to mix with other recyclables; Kansas City has excluded it from its curbside recycling pickups, and the midtown recycling center has been closed. So, a recycling drop off on this site could bring attention to the business opportunity and provide an important community service. A critical piece to the puzzle comes down to convenience for the consumer recycler. 18th and Broadway can be a prototypical, sound-contained

glass drop-off site.

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ENERGY

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COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) Natural gas, a fossil fuel comprised mostly of methane, is one of the cleanest burning alternative fuels. It can be used in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG) to fuel cars and trucks. Dedicated natural gas vehicles are designed to run on natural gas only, while dual-fuel or bi-fuel vehicles can also run on gasoline or diesel. Natural gas vehicles are not produced commercially in large numbers—the Honda GX CNG is the only new vehicle available in the U.S. However, conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles can be retrofitted for CNG. KCMO has a CNG

fleet and five CNG stations that it hopes to make available to the public.

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BIO-DIESEL Biodiesel is derived from vegetable oils and animal fats or recycled restaurant grease. It usually produces fewer air pollutants than petroleum-based diesel. Biodiesel can be used in its pure form (B100) or blended with petroleum diesel. Common blends include B2 (2% biodiesel), B5, and B20.

Use of blends above B5 require a simple modification to a diesel powered vehicle. Biodiesel can

be locally produced at a lower cost than petroleum-based diesel because collection of the feedstock (restaurant grease) is an income stream rather than a waste cost.

Sales can be accomplished without staff by using a card swipe system. A small biodiesel refinery compliant with all regulation is packaged in a 40’ shipping container. Located offsite, the refinery can serve four fueling stations using waste oil from Kansas City area restaurants. The refinery must be located where odors can be tolerated.

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ETHANOL STATION Ethanol can be brewed at home with a micro-fueler, water, power, yeast and sugar. All vehicles can run on a 10% ethanol/gasoline (E10) blend. Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) are designed to run on an 85% (E85) blend. E-Fuel100, a startup, introduces the Micro Fueler which is the first “ethanol brewing kit for your backyard.” E-Fuel Micro Fueler makes use of water, sugar and yeast to produce Ethanol. It can make a gallon of Ethanol from around 10 gallons of sugar. The Micro Fueler is expected to be delivered by Q4 2008 and is priced at $9995.

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ELECTRIC FILLING STATION Electricity can be used to power electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles directly from the power grid. Vehicles that run on electricity produce no tailpipe emissions. The only emissions that can be attributed to electricity are those generated in the production process at the power plant. Electricity is easily accessible for short-range driving. Electric fueling cost is the equivalent to gasoline at $1.00 per gallon. Major auto makers and several startups are planning or producing electric powered vehicles. Parking stalls can be equipped with an electrical power port, unmetered or metered for “pay at the pump” capability. Cars can be charged from the photovoltaic system provided for water pump and site lighting. pg 11 of 13

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ENERGY SOLAR ARRAY 24 panels (34”x62” each)

solar panel, pump, and battery

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PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER Irrigation requirements for the food gardens are 1” per week during a three week drought = 5,800 CF. Two pumps will move that amount of water from a cistern below the retention pond up to the Broadway Court cistern. The power required to pump that quantity of water in a day requires approximately 340 SF of solar panels. When the pump is not working that energy can be used to charge electric cars and site lighting. Electric car charging stations will be controlled by standard automotive voltage regulators located at each stall. The charging stations will consist of weatherproof receptacles, potentially metered for “pay at the pump.”

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PHOTOVOLTAIC SITE LIGHTING

b BICYCLES

An alternative, cost-effective way to light the site is with unitized PV powered pole lights. Panel, battery, and LED or CFL light arrive for installation in a single unit.

This saves on the cost of trenching, foundation and conduit, as well as the ongoing cost of grid energy.

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PHASE 1

GETTING STARTED

[ SITE PERIMETER ]

Broadway Storm Planters, 18th St. Swales, Rain Gardens, Broadway Court, Cistern, Alley Swales, Stormwater Retention Pond, Curb Bump-out Swale, PV powered site lighting, general streetscape improvements

18TH AND BROADWAY PHASES ONE THROUGH FOUR

PHASE 4

HOUSING

THE BEGINING OF THE STORY

PHASE 2

SUB-ACRE FARMING

PHASE 3 + + + + +

The site and project narratives will be told in a series of display panels along 18th Street.

They will be part of a construct that will feature a solar array on the side opposite the north display. The big ideas will be visible to passing cars day and night, and those who visit will discover a deeper meaning for green living.

GLASS RECYCLING BIO-DIESEL STATION CNG STATION ETHANOL STATION ELECTRIC FILLING STATION

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