Architectural Portfolio

unnati jilhare portfolio architectural

Curriculum vitae

Work from Nasa

Documentation, Shanag

1. Module for Migrating Maldhari’s of Banni 4. Co-working Space 5. Residential Apartment

02-17

design dissertation architectural design

2. Research and Conservation Centre, Kochi 3. Community Housing, Shanag

architectural design interior design working drawing design competition

Apic

Internship Work

0-1 18-21 22-25 26 27 28 28 29 30-33

Internship: 6 months internship at Hunnarshala foundation.

Module for Migrating Maldhari’s of Banni

Banni grassland

Banni grasslands, located along the northern border of Kachchh district in the state of Gujarat. The word “Banni” is derived from the Kachchhi dialect, “Bannai”,which means “freshly made,” and refers to the land that has been formed by debris and sediments brought down by rivers like the Indus, Luni, Banas, and Saraswati, which in the recent geological past flowed through this region from the north and the east. These grasslands make up around 45% of the state’s pastures and are dispersed over an area of about 2618 km.

The Banni region,is a semi-arid grassland ecosystem. More than 200 different species of migratory and permanent birds can be found at Banni. Wildlife found in Banni includes the blue bull, chinkara, Indian hare, jackal, grey wolf, caracal, hyena, and jungle cat. The spiny-tailed lizard, common monitor lizard, vipers, sand snakes, and blind snakes are examples of reptiles.

Maldhari is pastoral community in Banni. Maldhari are those who keep “Maal” or cattle. Banni grassland is home to 13 different communities, although the Maldharis make up the majority. They live in 48 villages, or “wandhs,” which are further divided into 19 panchayats.10% of the population is Hindu and 90% of the population is Muslim. They speak Kachchhi in Sindhi dialect.

The Maldhari way of life has co-evolved with the Banni ecosystem and ournative livestock, the Banni buffalo, Kankrej Cattle, and Sindhi Horse, which are all specifically adapted to the Banni. It has also evolved through a dynamic and intricate interrelationship between Maldharis and Banni.

They believe that nature has entrusted them with the responsibility to protect Banni and the right to practice their traditional way of life in the Banni. They live in the Banni grassland. Even when there have been prolonged droughts, they have never left this region, though they have briefly migrated to save their livestock. Even though their people have endured great hardship here, they have never left.

Livelihood

Banni buffalo Daily routine of buffalo

Maldhari are quite familiar about the many grasses that grow here and have a thorough understanding of the Banni ecology. They have bred the Banni buffalo that is uniquely adapted to Banni grassland ecosystem and produces high yields of milk with very low external inputs. The Banni buffalo is disease resistant, can handle water stress conditions and has a strong constitution. The Maldhari’s cattle often grazes along or near the village’s perimeter and follows definite grazing routes. While buffalo survive mostly on suaeda, which grows in high salinity environments, cattle primarily eat grass in low to moderately salinity zones.

Following a favorable monsoon, animals from Bhitara villages travel to Gaar, those from Bhagadia to Gugardui, and those from Sarada travel to Thalla for grazing. Rain-affected villages experience substantial spatial variability in rainfall. Since sharing of resources is something they value, they do not put restrictions on pastoralists from other villages entering their grazing lands. Their socioeconomic development depends on these grasslands.

Site Location

Sarada

Sarada is a small village in Gujarat’s Kucth district. It consists of the Maldhari tribe’s Jat community. Their livelihood depends on raising livestock. It is located in the western area of banni region near shervo village. In Kutch, there are four main subgroups of the Jat community, including Garaasiya Jjat, Fakiraani Jat, Haajiyaani Jat, and Daaneta Jat. The jat who reside in Sarada Village are Daaneta Jat.

Accessibility : Road connection between sarada, hodka, thalla. The primary route leading to and leaving Sarada passes through Hodka.

Sarada

Milking takes place in the morning between 5 and 6 am, and at 7 am, it is sent out for selling.

they rest and graze from 8 am until 2 pm.

Thalla Hodka

Once again, milking occurs from 2:00 to 4:00 PM.

The

Banni grassland

Creation of banni: Banni region was created from the sea as a result of tectonic activities

tectonic activity tectonic activity

dinodhar kala dungar banni sea

Maldhari

cattle are then released outside to graze and rest between 4 pm and 5 am. The banni buffalo is known for its tendency to graze at night.

Nana Sarada Banni Grassland

Kutch

Gujarat Mota Sarada

India

Challenges:

1. Pluvial flood and Soil salinity

Banni soil consists of recent alluvium mixed at places with aeolian sandy deposit. The soil here is alluvial and sandy with inherent salinity. The soil salinity is highly variable from 1.0 to 15.0 M mhos/cm and the pH ranges between 6.5 and 8.5. About 60% soil consists of moderately fine texture with higher proportion of silt and clay.

The climate of Banni is arid with a high temperature in the summer months that go 0 up to a maximum of 48 C - 50 C during May-June and a low winter temperature that goes 0 down to 5 C - 8 C during December-January. The average annual rainfall, occurring through Southwest monsoon between the months of June to September, is a very low of 335mm with a coefficient of variation of 65%.

The occurrence of heavy rainfall in a single day that has increased drastically during recent years. The presence of high silt and clay content lessen the vertical and lateral movement of surface and subsurface water and creates water-logging and flooding in low lying areas after monsoon. Thus the recent heavy rainfall in a single day creates water logging in low lying areas of Banni for number of days.

Such soil conditions with high level of salinity, low nutrients, low permeability and water logging minimize the potentiality of the area in terms of agricultural production and therefore grassland-based animal husbandry remains the only viable economic option in this area.

rainfall pattern in kutch from 1973 to 2013

monsoon In the monsoon, the water loggs in to the villages

2.Invasion of Prosopis Juliflora (Gando babul)

The Gujarat State Forest Department took action to halt Rann’s spread at the northern edge of Banni. In order to develop and survive in the saline soils and low moisture regimes, an area of approximately 31,550 ha was planted with an exotic woody species called Prosopis juliflora without considering its long-term ecological and associated socioeconomic effects. Although P. juliflora may survive in mild to strongly saline soils, its growth is better in non-saline or low saline soils, which may be a major factor in its invasion into pristine grasslands.

Winter: the water logging lasts until November.

Use of stem as fuel wood by rural folk involves frequent lopping, upon which the root mass enlarges with rich food reserves, aiding rapid and robust regeneration. During 1997 it occupied about 6.16 % of the total area of Banni increasing to 33.07 % in 2009. P. juliflora is expected to cover 56.42 % of Banni by 2020. Due to invasion of P. juliflora, most of the grassland area has already been turned into woodland and further increase of this species eventually reduce the grassland area of Banni.

The people of Kutch in Gujarat call it the gando babul (the mad tree). It is a highly aggressive tree. annual average growth has been recorded to be up to 3-5 meters.

Summer: The summer is typically dry.

3. Earthquake

Sarada hamlet is located in the zone 5 seismic region in the Kutch district.

Illustration highlighting Gando Babul’s influence on people in Banni.

Construction methods used in village buildings

Temporary wattle structure:

single multi-functional space

weaving a quilt

Temporary

wattle structure

These structure are temporary built in the cluster as per the need . This type of houses are same as traditional houses except the mud plaster on the wall and roof material.

material: gando babul wood, jute bag , plastic bags ,etc.

When they relocate to Thalla, they build these temporary structures. These buildings are built in the courtyard and are used for living, cooking, storage, shed for cattle.

New concrete house:

Modernization and progress have led to the emergence of concrete housing. Although the materials have changed, the basic form has not.

plastic and jute covering

gando babul wood

Temporary wattle structure

New concrete house

courtyard

material: cement, brick, steel,manglore tile

The materials used here are imported from Nearest large city is Bhuj. Women in the home sew quilts on the courtyard and veranda. Having cement homes is a status symbol and is very important in marriage proposal.

Vernacular wattle and daub house :

single multi-functional space

storage veranda veranda

weaving a quilt

Vernacular wattle and daub house

Cluster formation :

Formation :

Members of the family make up the cluster. It expands along with the family. A family typically has 20 to 30 people. They construct a temporary structure that is simple to demolish in the centre of the courtyard, ringed on all sides by concrete construction. As the family and its requirements grow, a temporary structure is added in the centre of the courtyard as shown in the figures.

These types of homes were constructed in this region. Only 4 or 5 houses can be seen right now, and several of them are in vulnerable conditions.

material: gando babul wood , mud , country tile

These materials are easily available in the near surrounding and can be dismantle any time without creating any waste

manglore tile brick and cement wall concrete plinth

New concrete house

concrete structure concrete structure

temporary structure temporary structure

Macro plan of the sarada village Single cluster plan in sarada village

courtyard

concrete structure temporary structure

concrete structure

resting area for cattle milking of buffalo

resting area for cattle temporary structure courtyard veranda concrete structure milking of buffalo milk is transferred to a vehicle

Section cutting through single cluster plan in sarada village

They need to migrate to Thalla with their cattle and belonging, since the village floods, partially submerging the people, vehicles, trees, houses, and buffalo. They keep their valuables in their homes’ dry safe spaces to prevent water damage.

Some people remain in the village, such as elderly people and young children who are unable to move and are accompanied by some people to take care of them.

Causes of water logging and flooding in Sarada Village

1. Dams like Nara ,Nirona , Rudramata are opened, allowing water to overwhelm Sarada village.

2. Another factor contributing to flooding and water logging is the silt and clay in the area’s soil, which has a very low permeability range.

3.Because Sarada is located at the bottom of the slope, water from the road and the upper contour accumulates there.

that cause the Sarada floods.

D J F M A M J

The length of time they have lived in Sarada. The length of time they spend migrating in Thalla

When they move to Thala during the monsoon, they stay there for 4 to 5 months before the water in their village is cleaned. They return to their village, after the water has been cleaned up, and they spend the winter and summer there.

Maldharis move from Sarada to Thala for the following reasons:

1. The village floods, making it challenging for buffalo to survive there. The most important thing to the Maldhari is their cattle or buffalo since they depend on them for their livelihood and because they have a strong emotional bond with them.

2. The Banni grassland thrives during the monsoon and produces high-quality grass that is beneficial to buffaloes.

Due to their buffalo’s good milk production, the maldhari earns the most money during the monsoon.

Maldharis move to Thala with their animals and belongings.

Migration

Both their home and the village are flooded.

to Thalla

They constructed the temporary house after relocating to Thalla.

Sarada Thalla road water logging in sarada

slope section describing the gradient in slope between Sarada and Thalla

contour plan of the sarada village

contour plan of the thalla village contour plan of the Sarada and Thalla region

Sarada

Thalla

Nara Dam

sarada

thalla hodka

Nirona Dam

slope slope Rudramata Dam km 0 50 100 150

slope plan displaying the locations of the dams

J A S O N

fish from the water of the dam

28 July 2022, Sarada village 15 September 2022, Banni grassland.

15 June 2022, Hodka.

8 July 2022, Sarada.

single multi-functional space

weaving a quilt

Thalla Region

Accessibility :

Thalla plan

Road connection between sarada, hodka, thalla. The primary route leading to and leaving Thalla passes through Hodka.

Thalla :

6 kilometres to the northeast of the town of Sarada is the Thalla area. In order to escape the monsoon and to g raze their cattle, residents of Bhitara and Bhagadia travel to Gaar and Gugardui, respectively, while residents of Sarada migrate to Thalla.

Maldharis commute through Thala on foot with cattles while transporting their stuff in vehicles.

plastic and jute covering

gando babul wood

Monsoon:

During the monsoon, villagers move to Thalla.

winter :

After four to five months, the residents return to Sarada village from Thalla.

Area of concern following their migration:

1. They experience displacement since they must spend 4 to 5 months in thalla away from their house during the monsoon season.

2.Due to water damage and decreased durability brought on by the lack of preservation techniques, they have to obtain new material every year.

3. They struggle to retain their socioeconomic status in that situation.

Temporary structure:

After migrating, these homes were built in the Thalla region, which takes around 1.5 days to build during the monsoon.

material: gando babul wood , plastic cover, jute cover.

These materials are easily available in the near surrounding and can be dismantle any time without creating any waste but the execution is sub-par.

24 october 2021, thalla region. 24 october 2021, thalla region. Temporary structure with open plastic for ventilation

When they relocate to the Thalla region for three to four months, they build their home there by constructing walls out of wood from the ganda babul tree and a roof out of plastic and jute. They transport some of these items from their home and gather others from the neighborhood. They bring all the supplies back to their home with their livestock as they return to the settlement. Since it is not permanent, they typically do not cover it with a jute bag to keep the rain out. They remove the plastic covering to allow for improved lighting and ventilation.

24 october 2021, thalla region. 24 october 2021, thalla region.

view

Issues with the current temporary structure :

1. The roof blows away as a result of poor execution

2. After being soaked in the rain, wood becomes loose in the soil.

3. lack of storage space

4. The school has been inconsistent hours since during the monsoon they relocate for 4 to 5 months to Thalla.

5. Open defecation since there are no toilets in the Sarada village and the Thalla region.

6. Because the materials are not treated, they are not long-lasting and must be changed annually.

7. The plastic covering is poorly made and suffers damage as a result.

8. It takes 1.5 days to build the temporary structure, which might be challenging when it’s monsooning.

9. The temporary structure has no flooring.

10.There is no electricity there.

11.Even when it rains, the buffalo are milked outside

The view of people making temporary structure in thalla. It takes 1 to 1.5 days to make a structure.

19 august 2022, thalla region.

existing

Sarada

Thalla

Hodka

Shervo

cluster view in thalla. They keep their car and livestock close to their temporary building.

from inside of the existing structure in thalla They don’t have a lot of storage space, and on rainy days, the floor can get damp.

Thalla region’s evolution under various climatic conditions

-The location is vulnerable to earthquakes and pluvial flooding. Every year during the monsoon season, the maldharis must relocate to the thalla region.

-Economic instability is a result of migration.

-If people built with concrete instead of their traditional structures, it could pose a serious hazard to human life during an earthquake.

thalla plan

The steps from migrating to returning in Thalla:

Step 1: relocate to Thalla.

step 2 : Build a temporary construction in by combining some new and used materials. One structure is created in one to one and a half days.

Step 3: Spend 4 to 5 months there during the rainy season.

Step 4: disassemble the building and gather the materials.

Step 5 : leave Thalla with their cattle and return to the settlement of Sarada.

Economic situation

The socioeconomic status of the Maldharis can be impacted by the use of new material. They have to utilize the extra money they make during the monsoon to purchase fodder throughout the summer. Using a new material doesn’t solve their problem.

Using local material:

Utilizing materials that are readily available locally, they can prevent financial strain. They are familiar with the material and have experience using it.

Macro plan of the Thalla region

-Locally available material and existing building skills. -Residents and cattle have adapted to their circumstances.

-To provide a more appropriate solution for the temporary homes in Thalla using regionally available local materials. -Educating the public about the existing architectural building skill and technology

SWOT analysis of the Thalla region

What shapes the economy?

does fit solution

problem doesn’t

fit

problem

expenses

Income

solution expenses

Using available material does not put financial strain on users and is locally available.

Numerous elements, including beliefs, sentiments, culture, social norms, tradition, and location, affect a community’s socioeconomic status. These elements influence the community’s socioeconomic standing and way of life.

The maldharis have a tradition, culture, and sentimental attachments to buffaloes and believe they must protect them at all costs, which is why they migrate.

How intricately connected everything is: use of new material Using new materials raises the expenses, putting strain on current income.

available material Income

The buffaloes are necessary for the maldharis to survive. The grass and its varieties are essential to buffalo. The soil and rainfall affect the growth of the grass. Every factor will suffer even if just one is impacted.

All things are interconnected and dependent upon one another.

The steps from migrating to returning in Thalla:

Step 1: relocate to Thalla.

step 2 : Build a temporary construction in by combining some new and used materials. One structure is created in one to one and a half days.

Step 3: Spend 4 to 5 months there during the rainy season.

Step 4: disassemble the building and gather the materials.

Step 5 : leave Thalla with their cattle and return to the

While traveling, a modular panel system for temporary housing can be helpful.

The modular panel system will be more durable and resilient .

Compared to the current method, the modular panel system has a longer lifespan.

workshop where women can practice embroidery

economic resilience cost effective

Design Objectives

Anganwadi for children

Construction process for homes in Thalla

community gathering space

Temporary housing can be constructed faster using a modular panel technology.

biogas plant for powering small devices

community based tourisum and homestays

easily portable easy to construct and durable exploring the locally available material. providing toilets

Interventions in the thalla include:

1.Water bodies: Water for cattle and daily usage is collected in shallow bodies of water. Five different locations on the site have been designated as water bodies so that they are easily accessible and close to the homes.

2.Community spaces: The thalla is devoid of any communal spaces. A communal space can be used as a gathering place for people to get together, a place for women to practice embroidering, a place for people to read the namaz, and a place for kids to study so that teachers can come in and teach them.

3.Biogas plant : Thalla doesn’t have any electricity. Due to the abundance of dung available, a biogas plant can power small gadgets.

4.Tourist accommodation : More than 200 different species of migratory and permanent birds can be found at Banni. And have a rich Flora and Fauna. Therefore, visitors, researchers, cultural anthropologists, and ornithologists are welcome to stay here and interact with the Maldhari tribe to gain a deeper understanding of this group.

Storage and maintenance will be provided using a modular panel system.

Construction of the permanent plinth

Material pallet

Gando babul wood

Bamboo(vanj)

strips of fabric

Details of the permanent plinth

single layer of jute cover, internally

two layer of plastic cover, externally

detail showing how the panel and plinth are connected connection between panel, plinth and floor

Transformation of the module

rope cover made of a plastic bag for fodder

stone

rope for tying cover made of a jute bags for grains

Axonometric View of module

gando babul wood for roof member bamboo, for the curved roof member

shelf made with gando babul panel made with gando babul

4 5

1 2 3

wooden column made with gando babul ground level

two layer of plastic cover, externally

detail 1 detail 2 1 2 3 4

detail 3 detail 4 detail

Different types of panel in a module

2250 2000 3300 2300 2000

Panels are made of wood with a 30

2000 3300 2300 2000

2250 0 1 3

Visual scale (m) scale: 1:50 2

3000 750 600 1350

2000

For the roof cover, internally there a layer of jute cover, and externally, there are two layers of plastic cover made from weaving fodder bags.

50mm dia split bamboo for roof

two layers of plastic cover made from weaving fodder bags. Openable plastic cover that can be opened to provide a covered area for working outside which can act as a temporary veranda.

2000

short section with open covers

Visual scale (m) scale: 1:50

3000 750 600 1350 1

long section with open covers

Visual scale (m) scale: 1:50 2

90 mm dia wood frame column

two layers of 50 mm dia wood for flooring

Raised plinth members constructed by 90mm dia wood provides an efficient basis for building the module.

plinth constructed with clay mud that was gathered from nearby water logged area. Given the presence of clay there, the plinth supports the column.

panel inserted into the plinth and fastened to the frame column 3

For the roof cover, internally there layer of jute cover, and externally, there are two layers of plastic cover made from weaving fodder bags.

50mm dia split bamboo for roof

two layers of plastic cover made from weaving fodder bags. Openable plastic cover that can be opened to provide covered area for working outside which can act as a temporary veranda.

panel inserted into the plinth and fastened to the frame column

90 mm dia wood frame column

two layers of 50 mm dia wood for flooring

Raised plinth members constructed by 90mm dia wood provides an efficient basis for building the module.

plinth constructed with clay mud that was gathered from nearby water logged area. Given the presence of clay there, the plinth supports the column.

Typology 2:

This typology has a straight sloping roof in contrast to a curvy one in typology 1.This roof type might be simpler to build. Other than the roof, nothing has changed.

Typology 2

short section with closed covers short section with semi open covers

long section with open covers without plinth

long section with closed covers long section with open covers short elevation with semi open covers short elevation with covers short section with close covers without plinth

short section with close covers without plinth

long section with open covers without plinth short section with close covers long section with closed covers

Construction steps for the module in Thalla:

2. putting in column in there place

Axonometric view of module

1.Maldharis arrive at Thalla and construct a plinth

9. covering the plinth on the site before packing their stuff and returning to Sarada

Construction of the module in Thalla:

For the first time only, maldharis must construct the plinth. The same plinth may be used the next year after being used for 4 to 5 months. To create a module, they will take the panel, column, flooring panel, roof panel, and covering to the plinth and install it in position. When they depart, they must transport all of those items back to their village. The panels can either be stored there or used to create a module in the village.

3 .adding floor on the plinth

8. taking down the column from the plinth

7. taking down the floor from the plinth

Panel deatils

6. taking off the panel and roof

4.adding panel in between the column

5. incorporating a roof and using it for four to five months

1. The panel already has a inbuilt shelf part.

Panel’s Journey

1. If the wood in the panel is situated at a distant, it is challenging to prevent people from peering into the module.

1. Wood is added to the lower portion of the panel until it reaches human height in order to prevent peeking into the module.

storage cover opened to get extra space storage

storage on shelf storage cover opened to get extra space storage

3. To create a module, panels are inserted between the columns.

2. The shelf must be taken out of the panel in order to be used.

1. Gando Babul’s wood is chopped, then it is cut on the required side. Following that, they are preserved by being treated in salt water for 3 to 4 days.

2. They are tied to create the panels following the treatment.

4. The module is once more disassembled into panels after 4 to 5 months.

3. The removed shelf is then carefully fitted horizontally into the panel and supported by two supports from below.

option 1 storing the materials after returning to the village

5. utilizing the module after returning to Sarada

option 2 using the same panel to create temporary or permanent structures

Interventions:

Intervention A: residential module cluster

Intervention C: tourist accommodation

Intervention B: community space and biogas plant

Intervention B: community space and biogas plant

Intervention A: residential module cluster

Intervention A: residential module cluster

Thalla region Macro plan

Intervention C: tourist accommodation

parking area for vehicles Module

a herd of buffalo done with milking

a shaded area to milk the buffalo a herd of buffalo awaiting milking entrance Arborloo toilet bathroom

Module

Module Module Module Module

Axonometric view of the residential module cluster

a herd of buffalo awaiting milking

a herd of buffalo done with milking entrance vehicle waiting for the milk Module

Module

Module

Module

Module

Arborloo toilet

Arborloo toilet

Arborloo toilet

Module Module Arborloo toilet bathroom washing area

section cutting through cluster of the Thalla region

Module parking area for vehicles a shaded area to milk the buffalo drying area

Module

a herd of buffalo done with milking

Arborloo toilet

bathroom washing area Arborloo toilet

section cutting through cluster showing the milking shade in cluster cluster plan of the Thalla region

two layer of plastic cover, externally

bamboo, for the roof member panel made with gando babul

Axonometric View of community module

community module

roof plan of combined of 7 community module

single roof panel

section of combined 7 community module

The hexagon form can easily multiply by joining with another hexagon. It works well for incremental growth. These panels and modules can be molded into any desired shape.

The panels used in the residential module

the community module

plan of combined of 7 community module

plan of combined of 7 community module A large module for meetings, namaz, and teaching students by school teachers can be made from the combination of 7 community modules. To create a larger module, the roof panels of 7 smaller modules must be connected together. As usual, the panels are tied between two columns.

Interv ention B:

community space and biogas plant

Community module plan of the Thalla region

Intervention C:

tourist accommodation

More than 200 different species of migratory and permanent birds can be found at Banni. And have a rich Flora and Fauna

Therefore, visitors, researchers, cultural anthropologists, and ornithologists are welcome to stay here and interact with the Maldhari tribe to gain a deeper understanding of this group.

Intervention C: tourist accommodation

section through tourist accommodation cluster

water body

Water for cattle and daily usage is collected in shallow bodies of water. Five different locations on the site have been designated as water bodies so that they are easily and close to the homes.

Maldharis have to call a water truck to get the water because there is no local water supply. and women have to travel kilometers to reach the water tanker.

Ceramic water purifier

The ceramic water purifier (CWP) is designed like a flower pot, or in the “pot-style” filter. Burnout material, which is often very fine sawdust, crushed rice husks, or some other combustible substance that disintegrates during the firing process to leave behind pore space, is mixed into the unfired clay to create porosity in ceramics ( 1 m and larger). To avoid post-filtration contamination of the product water through dipping or other contact with dirty hands or vessels, water flows through the porous ceramic filter element (with a capacity of about 10 liters) at a rate of 1-3 liters/hr into the receiving container (10-20 liters), where it is dispensed via a tap. To prevent microbial development in filters and maybe improve their microbiological effectiveness, filters are frequently coated with a silver complex or other substance. Porous ceramic filters come in a wide range of designs, performances, and prices. The ICAITI filter, which was widely advocated by the NGO Potters for Peace and was created in Latin America in the early 1980s, serves as the basis for the CWP.

Contaminated water purified water

ceramic pot

Tourist accommodation plan of the Thalla region

The Arborloo, a toilet that grows into a tree, is the most basic ecological toilet. However, it differs from the typical pit toilet in both its form and use in a number of key respects. Except for the pit, every component of the Arborloo is transportable. The “ring beam” defending the pit head, the concrete slab, and the superstructure are all included in this. Each of these parts travels from one pit to the next on a “never-ending journey” every 6 to 12 months. The almost-filled pit is left behind as the toilet is physically picked up and transported.

In addition to excreta, soil, wood ash, and leaves are frequently put to the pit. These significantly speed up the composting process. The extraordinary transformation of excreta into pit compost typically takes place well within a year of the pit being sealed off. Regular soil and ash additions also help to minimize fly and odor nuisances. Unlike most pit latrines, the Arborloo pit is not utilized as a garbage disposal. The disposal of plastic, bottles, rags, and other items is not advised.

To place the new tree immediately after soil topping. Trees must be planted in a good layer of soil that is placed above the excreta since they cannot grow in raw excreta. The layers containing the excreta will have turned into compost in a matter of months which the tree roots can then start to invade. In essence, a tree is planted where there used to be a latrine. The majority of trees will thrive in these.

In practice, a family should use the latrine for between six and twelve months, or until the pit is almost full. When the pit is almost full, the building’s slab and ring beam are removed, the ring beam is transferred to another nearby location that is suitable, and a new pit is dug inside the beam that is about one meter deep. Now the latrine is used once more once the slab and superstructure have been set on top of the beam. The tree makes use of the nutrients in the excrement to promote growth. Arborloo toilet process

Biogas slurry

Biogas slurry may be considered as a good quality organic fertilizer in sustainable agriculture for maintaining the quality of produce. Biogas slurry has potential to provide a considerable amount of both macro and micro nutrients besides appreciable quantities of organic matter. Along the richness in nutrients it also has very low amount of heavy metals as compared to synthetic fertilizers. Bio-gas slurry (Dry-DBGS & Wet-DBGS) is environmental friendly, has no toxic or harmful effects and can easily reduce the use of chemical fertilizers up to 15-25%. Biogas slurry has significant potential to improve the physical and biological quality of soil (improvement in soil structure, improvement in water holding capacity

concern in banni

A key issue with the area’s increasing salinity is the breakdown of the Banni people’s customary management practices. The feces of the grazing animals was naturally worked back into the Banni soil in ancient times, acting as the best natural manure and somewhat reducing the salt of the area. However, in recent times, farmers from the Kachchh mainland have begun purchasing significant quantities of cow dung from Banni and transporting it to locations far from Banni. This has reduced soil fertility and disrupted the natural flow of minerals.

Research and Conservation Centre

The brief was to design a research centre to preserve and enhance the culture and history of the Kochi, Kerala.

The topic chosen by me :Research and Conservation Centre of architecture in kochi.

Location: Kochi, Kerala.

Climate: Hot and humid

Users

Guide: Ar.Shruti bharve sem 6 Architectural Design

Important means to city’s development

Kochi is the reflection of different colonies like - Portuguese - Dutch - British - Jews

Historic structures in Kochi

Architect Student Staff

The economic return to tourism and traditional masons and artisan.

Preserving a sense of identity

Local Artisans and Masons Tourist

Programme

Workshops

Studio

Library Model making

Improvement of the social and economic condition of local masons and artisans.

Recreational

Exhibition

Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica

To sustain the knowledge system and traditional skills

Adaptive reuse

Employment

Promote, adapt, innovate.

Why Aim Effects

Skill development

Identity will revive

Main aim : 1.Research 2. Awareness 3. Conserve and restore

Paradesi Synagouge

Historically important structures in Kochi

Bolgatty Palace

St. Francis Church

Commercial Residential ndustrial

nstitutinal

area : 11673 sqm

Wind direction

structure in direction of the wind structure against the direction of the wind

The orientation in the direction of the wind to maximize the ventilation

wind direction with respect to orientation of the structure

Use of trees:

Trees planted in the corner of the site to cool the wind. The shade of the tree cools down the wind passing through it.

Trees

Cool wind

Structure

Section showing wind flow through trees

Vernacular architecture

Transition

Modern architecture

The journey back to vernacular architecture from modern architecture. Going back to old with improvement.

Staggered Rigid

Orientation according to the sun-path :

Oriented diagonally to the sun path for better light ventilation.

Diagonally oriented according to sun-path

Roof :

The sloping roof has more advantages as compared to the flat roof in the sun and wind.

Also provides shade due to extended part .

Diagonally oriented Straight oriented

Section B-B ’ Elevation E

Flat Roof Sloping Roof

Building construction material:

Adobe brick :

Adobe bricks can be created using adobe brick pressing machine using the soil present on the site.

type of brick : Hydraform Interlocking Brick

Manglore tiles Wood view2

view3 E D view1

Air flow through the opening in roof 1 Air flow through the opening in roof 2 0 3 9

Roof 1: Details of the roof with the structural members Roof 1: Details of the roof with the structural members

Foundation :

Interlocking

Adobe brick Stone flooring stone flooring

Compost pit:

For the disposal of the waste in the premises.

The response of the roof on sun, wind and rain.

Corridors act a shaded filled with air semi-covered space for informal activities.

Due to the stack effect ventilation, warm air can leave the space through the openings.

The stack effect ventilation working on two types of roof

VIEW 1

Community housing, Shang, Himachal

Pradesh.

2 1

3

a a

courtyard d d

c c

b b

site 4

Courtyard used as a gathering space with the daily chores in the warmth of the sunlight.

Climatic need

Climate: cold and dry

Girls play here unlike another male-dominated space

Multi-use space for sports, weddings, programs.

The use of warmth from the cattle in upper floors.

Source of water acts as a gathering point.

Rectangular and boxy room arrangements due to kat-kuni style

Chabutra

Spaces in the south-west :

In day : walls and roof absorbs heat and emits in nights sound doesn’t come out

-Needs warmth -Should be away from the north-east -Placed in southwest -Spaces: Front yard, living room

Spaces in the northeast:

Ground floor plan

Guide: Ar. Fatema Master sem 4 Architectural Design

The given brief was to design four dwellings, one extension of an existing dwelling and an elementary school. The site is located in shanag, Manali, Himachal Pradesh and is in a seismic zone.

Axonometric view: elementary school

TERRAIN SLOPE

Gental slope Medium slope Steep slope

First floor plan

Axonometric view: house 4

fire place at kitchen radiated the heat and increase the temperature

fire warm air

Horizontal heating to heat the flooring. The warm air circulates around the home through the channel and the hollow space in the plinth which keeps the house and floor warm in winter

external part of horizontal heating to heat the flooring

Roof plan

Steps for wall construction :

mixture

Solar panel on roof and street lamp oriented towards the sun’s direction

view F : fire place where people can gather and talk

step 2: plinth wall foundation

step 3: plastic strip section of the wall

anchor strip

Model of roof plan

Sun-space oriented towards the south-west direction

Common frontyard of the houses are oriented towards south-west to get maximum heat and light

first layer adobe brick step 4:

attic view rafter Roof detail

metal sheet

foam insulation purlin

1 2

Material for roof: - Bamboo - Metal roofing 3

Construction Technique : ADOBE GEOMESH

Characteristics : -earthquake resistant - affordable -can be sustain in cold and dry climate

Material : -mud -cement -geomesh -stone -plastic strip

Geomesh is a type of approach to design load bearing structure in cold location where thermal insulation is essential to trap heat inside the structure. It consist of adobe mud bricks to form walls and a geomesh is wrapped around the adobe wall to bind providing resilience to earthquake. Geosynthetic fabrics called geomesh are used for reinforcement. They feature an open, flat shape and are constructed from highly resistant and durable polymers. These are two-dimensional structures made of various polymers that interact with the soil to increase its tensile strength resistance and develop a strong geomesh/soil resistance that can sustain any stresses and disperse them evenly.

view A : staircase in school view f : fire place

overlap

overlap tightly covering the wall

step 1: mold adobe brick step 5: knot to hold the mesh geomesh

step 6: hook hammered in the wall to hold the mesh tightly

hook

step 7: two layers of plasters

plasters

view D: shelter for stray dogs under the stilt of the house

Co-working

The brief was to design the interior of a co-working space. The site has constraints like opening from front and back. Users

Small

Louis .I. Khan torphy

Ghuriya, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. An endeavour to explore .

Exploration in the art of stippling ,patience and team work.

Credits: Sketches and strokes by the team. Stippling by me.

practice sketch 2 practice sketch 1

A.N.D.C 2020

The brief was to design an urban plugin bus terminus. The challenge was it’s function during and post pandemic

Documentation, Shanag

During the second year, our batch documented a community. first-hand knowledge of the people’s culture, way of life, and traditional architecture. An extract of drawings from the documentation of Kath-Kuni architecture, a steadily disappearing household vernacular style.

Shanag the humble hinterland Won Intach Heritage award for Excellence in documentation 2018-19 with second-year batch

Guides: Ar.Chaitali Mahajan ,Ar.Fatema Master, Ar.Roopal Chopra, Ar.Shaurya Chauhan, Ar.Shahveer Irani, Ar.Mukund Iyer. sem 4 Architectural Design SITE

Apic design competition

collaboration with Abdur Rahman Siddiqui

To design learning space for children ought to be non-conventional,mobile, learning solution.

The design should be recreational as well as learning. Can be extensible with a base area of 25 sqm.

Section A-A’

Plan

A’

Plan configuration

Mezzanine Plan

Combination of four modules in the need of big space.

Construction technique

Studio Bark’s flat-pack U-build system.

Uses timber parts like puzzle pieces to assemble a building frame and easily dismantled, recycled or reused at the end of the building’s life.

Teflon reduces the heat from G.I. sheet. The air gap between the Teflon sheet and galvanized iron sheet gives hot air a way to leave.

Axonometric view

Detail showing steel rod and the timber piece.

Axonometric view

Scribble wall: can be used in night school.

Architectural Internship Portfolio

Hunnarshala Foundation

Internship period : 8th march 2021 - 30th June 2021

Firm : Hunnarshala Foundation

After the Kutch earthquake of 2001, the Hunnarshala Foundation was established with the goal of enabling families to rebuild their homes.

It works in areas such as community empowerment, artisan empowerment, etc. and aims to keep the traditional building construction techniques and technology alive by utilizing innovative methods.

Introduction to the project:

under Madhya Pradesh Tourism Board (MPTB) Hunnarshala is designing home-stays in 30 villages in MP for tourism encouraging the development of the villages.

Responsibilities:

Worked on preparing plans for home stays in the two typologies of Dondi shikhar and Kekadiya villages, presenting information on Chopna, Sabarvani, Dobha, Rancha, and Limha villages, and creating working drawings of Dondi shikhar, Kekadiya, and Patangarh villages.

Sketches showing layout of a case-study house in Dondi Shikhar.

का प कुस नंग १० एम एम ø � सिलया, एम एम ø िलंक १५० एम एम की दूरी पर

मोटाई की �ाउंड पी.सी.सी. १:४: िम� की �ीट 2' चौड़ाई की प� और िम चुनाई की ग क � ज़मीन तक गहेरी

Initroduction to the project:

Under Madhya Pradesh Tourism Board (MPTB) Hunnarshala is designing Art and craft centre in the villages having home-stays. Kheda is one if the villages in which art and craft centre and campsite has been proposed .

Responsibilities:

Worked on preparing plans and working drawings of designing Art and craft centre in Kheda village.

Sketches showing layout of a case-study house in Kheda village.

thank you 9834402831

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