Background Note of Central Sulawesi Earthquake and Tsunami UN/Media Visit

BACKGROUND NOTE 2018 Central Sulawesi Earthquake and Tsunami OVERVIEW 

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The UN works with the Government of Indonesia and other partners towards the achievement of national development priorities as set out in the Government medium-and long-term development plan and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

On disaster preparedness and response, the UN supports the Government of Indonesia on policy advocacy and advice, capacity building and knowledge sharing.

During emergency response, it supports the national cluster coordinator (ministries) and local governments in coordinating humanitarian activities and partners with NGOs/INGOs and other stakeholders in providing humanitarian assistance.

On 28 September, a series of earthquakes struck Indonesia’s Central Sulawesi province, the strongest a 7.4M earthquake only 10 km deep and with its epicentre close to the Provincial Capital, Palu. The earthquake triggered a tsunami striking beaches in Palu and Donggala. The earthquakes, tsunami and resulting liquefaction and landslides caused significant damage of around 110,214 houses, displaced a total of 172,999 people and caused 7,000 deaths (4,845 people dead and identified, 1,016 dead and unidentified, and 705 missing and considered dead) UN Indonesia worked to provide targeted, technical assistance in support of the government-led response and targeting the most vulnerable, with shelter, food, clean water and other life-saving assistance.

Disaster-related relief is funded by the UN Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) and is managed by OCHA. CERF receives voluntary contributions year-round to provide immediate funding for life-saving humanitarian action, such as that undertaken in Central Sulawesi.

To support the response, $14.4 million was allocated to Indonesia from the CERF to deliver immediate, lifesaving assistance to those in most urgent need due to the Central Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami. This resulted in 378,898 persons assisted, which exceeded the planned number of 191,000 by nearly double.

Such assistance was in line with national priorities and in support of the Government of Indonesia response. This funding enabled UN Indonesia and partners to assist those directly impacted by the disaster.

Priorities included shelter, logistics and economic recovery, medical assistance, clean water, sanitation and hygiene, recovery of infrastructure and public services, protection and social inclusion, including women’s and children’s protection, and education.

The humanitarian response by the UN and partners made significant progress in reaching and serving the people in need of assistance. Regional and international agencies supported national efforts and leadership with the UN, NGOs and the Red Cross on the ground augmenting the national response.

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UN INDONESIA RESPONSE FAO in collaboration with the local government agencies to distribute and support to 8,597 farmer households with horticulture goods including seeds, mulch and fertilizer to resume horticulture production as the main livelihood of most affected families; Support to 2,650 fisherman families with complete package of fishing nets and cool boxes and Provided 3,866 agriculture and fisheries households (those with pregnant and lactating mothers and children under 5 years old) with cash assistance for the purchase of food to maintain households’ adequate levels of nutrition.

IOM coordinated the Emergency Operation in Central Sulawesi called Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM).

This program focused on the distribution of basic needs to 594 households in 97 villages in three affected districts with the details are 1,489 family tents, 10,000 gallons of water, 2,800 shelter kits, 5,100 sheets of tarpaulin, 2,800 mattress, 2,800 household kits, and one water bladder. The program also built the capacity of stakeholders through CCCM training.

Pulse Lab Jakarta partnered with UN OCHA, AHA Centre and Humanitarian Data Exchange to create a data visualisation dashboard, which highlights the status of ongoing humanitarian response in the region using the 4W dashboard (“Who Does What Where When”).

UNFPA focused on Reproductive health, ensuring 24/7 access to quality RH services and information by trainedhealthworkers to ensure healthy pregnancy, safe childbirth, family planning were provided. UNFPA also aimed to reduce gender-based violence (GBV) by providing 12 women friendly spaces (WFS) for psychosocial support, serve as community-based GBV reporting and GBV prevention & management with referral to multisectoral support to properly assist women and girls who experienced GBV and their families. UNFPA promoted youth rights and resilience by meeting hygiene needs, creating youth friendly spaces, ensuring immediate access to reproductive health care and psychosocial support, youth engagement and empowerment.

UNICEF priortised WASH given the makeshift and spontaneous settlements and the potential for an outbreak of disease, particularly Acute Watery Diarrhoea (AWD). The response focused on the immediate provision of safe water, basic sanitation and community engagement around hygiene practices. Recovery is now focused on urban water and sanitation infrastructure systems and building back capacity of local government and resilient planning and services for WASH. To tailor the most effective response, and health assessments of the affected population to identify intervention gaps for pregnant women, newborns and under-five children. Additionally, support was provided for capacity development of local stakeholders in providing immunization, malaria and essential maternal, newborn and child care packages. In nutrition, UNICEF’s efforts focus on strengthening the nutrition cluster coordination mechanism and nutritional assessment and surveillance system, as well as enhancing access to essential emergency nutrition services such as Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) counselling and management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM). UNICEF’s Child Protection sector response focused on strengthening the capacity of MoSA at district and provincial level for Family Tracing and Reunification, integrated child welfare services including case management support, birth registration and replacement of lost identity documentation. In Education, UNICEF supported the GoI with monitoring and coordination, access to quality education and learning for school-aged children and adolescents, and provision of psycho-social support to school children, school personnel and parents/caregivers. UNICEF implemented multi-purpose cash transfers in Sigi district aimed to assist households with access to basic goods (e.g. food and sanitation products) and basic services (e.g. healthcare), targeting families with young children and pregnant women.

UNODC conducted a program in collaboration with Directorate General of Corrections (DGC) to develop a Standard Operation Procedures and recovery plan for securing correctional facilities when natural disasters take place. Areas of Page | 2

concern were policies around allowing inmates and wardens to leave these facilities during a natural disaster for their own personal safety, and to prevent riots and violence.

WFP provided comprehensive logistics assistance to the Ministry of Social Affairs, BNPB, BPBD, and AHA Centre. This included coordination, planning, and transport, downstream logistics support, storage and inventory management in the affected areas, and information coordination for government and humanitarian partners. With a total of 40 trucks, using a combination of commercial trucks and Logistics Emergency Team (LET) partner fleet, WFP conducted more than 1,390 trips to deliver 1,537MT relief items for 51 organizations throughout the emergency operation. During the phase-out of the operation, WFP established six Mobile Storage Units (MSUs) that were transferred to local partners, provided technical logistics training to 38 people from over 12 organizations, and supported national ministries in establishing storage facilities for the rehabilitation and reconstruction phase. WFP co-chaired the food-security sub-cluster and completed a joint market assessment during the emergency phase with Wahana Visi and Oxfam in the affected areas. WFP also facilitated training on the BCM (Beneficiary Contact Monitoring) tool to support the Ministry of Health's Supplementary Food Programme, benefiting 50 provincial health staff, 127 village midwives and 343 village health cadres.

WHO along with its partners provided logistical support and access to basic medical care to 83,160 people, as well ascoordination of national health cluster and EMTs, EWARS set up and implementation at 46 primary health care centres and 7 hospitals in three districts, the Installation of water treatment units which served 10,000 people per day.

UNESCO in cooperation with the Prince Clause Fund and a NGO partner supported the rescue and recovery of the major ceramic collection at the Museum of Central Sulawesi (December 2018 – November 2019). All 865 ceramic collection were identified, photo-documented, sorted and secured in safe box, including debris of less than 5 mm. Capacity-building of museum staff has been provided in the process. Work is underway to develop public-awareness raising materials on DRR at the museum. The work was intended to supplement the work of the Department of Culture for the rescue of the museum collection. In coordination with the Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and the Ministry for Research, Technology and Higher education UNESCO also organized an International Tsunami Survey Team (ITST) to Palu to do a survey on the tsunami impact and further the understanding of the cause of the tsunami in Palu. Seven ITST Teams consisting of 87 scientists from Austria, Canada, Greece, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Morocco, New Zealand, Russia, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, USA conducted the survey in Palu, October-November 2018.

OCHA, following the inter-operability agreement with the AHA Centre, deployed its first team, together with the AHA Centre’s team (ERAT) during the initial stage of the emergency response in order to support multi-stakeholder coordination through the national clusters as well as information management activities. OCHA Palu supported Government officials in leading regular meetings of the national clusters, as well as inter-cluster coordination led by the Provincial Secretary. During the emergency response, OCHA also facilitated coordination of cash and voucher assistance (CVA) through the CVA Working Group at the national level, with a corresponding local structure in Palu supported by WVI and OXFAM. From October 2018 to January 2019, OCHA Palu also worked to ensure the smooth transition from the humanitarian phase to rehabilitation and recovery. All the OCHA information products for the Central Sulawesi emergency response are available on https://data.humdata.org/visualization/4w-palu and https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/indonesia.

UNDP focused on Emergency employment creation through Debris Clearing Cash-for-Work programme involved 3,500 survivors of which 49% were women to clear the debris in tsunami and earthquake-hit areas. It brought benefit to a total of 15,539 family members through temporary cash earnings. The Debris Clearing programme resulted in clearing 2,731 critical and high-risk spots, including 2,144 houses; 29 schools; 50 mosques and churches; 58 blocked roads; 450 public Page | 3

facilities/ utilities. It enabled the effort to prevent risks of further injuries and/ or losses, while also enabling other actors to provide emergency/ temporary structures in delivering humanitarian services. Support to the Government’s Planning of Action Plan for Recovery was provided through technical assistance and facilitation in conducting the Jitupasna – Indonesia’s Post Disaster Needs Assessment in 4 most affected district/ municipality, for which the findings served as the basis for developing the Action Plan for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction.

SECTOR RESPONSE Displacement and protection -

Planning figures indicated a need for 22,784 temporary shelter units.

Some 4,911 temporary shelter units are in the process of being built and 1,426 units have been completed (in Donggala 156 units, in Palu 164 units, in Sigi 1,106 units - as at 31 December). One temporary shelter unit consists of a personal family space 4.8 x 3.6 metres with shared facilities.

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227,109 children aged 9 months to 15 years in tsunami affected areas (84,634 in Donggala, 55,592 in Sigi and 86,885 in Kota Palu) have received Measles and Rubella (MR) vaccinations.

103 young people participated in the establishment of the Youth Forums at Youth Friendly Spaces in Palu, Sigi and Donggala and eight Youth Friendly Spaces (YFS).

Tents have been completed and installed in Palu, Sigi and Donggala.

Approximately 1,500 adolescent and youth received information on reproductive health, genderbased violence, healthy dating and HIV/AIDS in 3 affected areas in Palu, Sigi and Donggala each week.

Child Protection

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Protection of Women’s Rights / GBV Sub Cluster -

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Of the 1.4 million people affected in Palu City, Donggala, Sigi District, more than 350,000 are women of reproductive age at increased risk of sexual and gender-based violence (GBV).

Approximately 1,800 women and girls, men and boys, have benefited from 12 Women Friendly Space Tents services per week: Psycho-social support, reproductive health and GBV information, and hygiene kit distribution have been included as part of these services.

A rapid gender assessment was done in close collaboration with Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection to obtain comprehensive information on post-disaster conditions for protection of Women’s rights and GBV prevention.

UNFPA monitored the proposed revisions to the Governor’s Decree on health insurance coverage, to ensure the inclusion of free health services for victims of GBV. The Provincial Secretary requested the Provincial Health Office to include free services for victims of GBV by proposing revisions to the Governor’s Regulation on provision of budget allocations for health insurance for poor people after disasters. This scheme could also be used to finance free health services for victims of GBV. GBViE advocacy efforts have been made under GBV Sub Cluster coordination: Gender Checklist, Gender recommendations, GBV rapid assessment, GBViE SOP have been developed, sensitized and used for improeved programmes and policies to respond to GBViE.

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A total of 2,682 people from vulnerable groups and people with disabilities have been reached with various interventions particularly psychosocial support, physiotherapist services, WASH, assistive device distribution, mobile clinic and NFI distribution.

650 people with disabilities have been recorded by ASB. PSEA Standard Operating Procedures was developed and sensitized; PSEA focal points appointed; reporting mechanism from community to national level have been established With difficult access to basic needs, 13,000 individual hygiene kits were distributed to women at reproductive age, containing items to address the specific needs of women and girls. Distribution done in 12 Women Friendly Spaces. Awareness sessions on maternal health, GBV prevention and youth reproductive health were provided during kit s distribution.

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene -

The WASH Cluster agreed that filling water trucks should be interoperable between organizations but that all water must be tested prior to filling.

For solid waste management, the government task force for environmental management has stopped providing support for garbage trucks. WASH Cluster members are thus stepping up support for provision of garbage trucks in Palu City and Sigi.

Economy -

70, 150 people who are dependent on agriculture and fisheries have been reached through the CERFfunded FAO Project. An additional 10,000 people have been targeted through FAO funding.

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A total 77,950 people received Reproductive Health (RH) services, information and counselling since October 2018 - March 2019 in 15 RH tents. 379 deliveries in Reproductive Health tents with zero maternal health WHO continued to promote water quality monitoring for water sources/distributions in three affected districts including in temporary shelters. The monitoring results were coordinated with the WASH Cluster, particularly with the Public Health Office, the Water Department and the Ministry of Public Works.

Mental health and psychosocial support was provided by mental health specialists with a focus on individuals and community psychological interventions. The areas of intervention were in Pakuli village Gumbasa sub district, Sigi district, Panau village, Biromaru sub district, Sigi district and Sibedi village, Morowala sub district Sigi District.

EWARS (Early Warning, Alert and Response System) was used weekly to monitor disease trends in the three affected areas. EWARS coverage in Donggala reached 93 per cent, Sigi 66 per cent and Kota Palu 100 per cent. Most alerts from EWARS were for acute diarrhea, influenza-like illness, pneumonia, rabid animal bites in Palu, Donggala and Sigi. Suspected dengue fever reports were higher in Sigi than Palu and Donggala, while in Donggala, suspected typhoid fever cases were higher in number than Palu and Sigi.

Health

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6,000 maternity kits, 2,500 post-delivery kits and 2,500 new born kits were distributed through RH tents. Awareness sessions on maternal health, healthy pregnancy, 7 danger sign of pregnancy, GBV prevention were provided during kits distribution in 15 RH tents UNFPA under RH Sub Cluster coordination responding to youth needs and vulnerabilities (reproductive health concerns, prevention and response to youth GBV concerns including sexual violence), through 8 youth friendly spaces to foster empowerment and engagement, youth engagement has improved youth concrete contributions at community and provincial development.

Nutrition -

Twelve public kitchens for provision of nutrition for babies and children were established in 12 sites in Palu, Donggala and Sigi districts.

A total of 24 nutrition specialists were deployed to the disaster-affected areas to provide support to the authorities in meeting affected people’s nutrition needs.

Logistics -

The cluster supported BNPB and humanitarian organizations in the transition to recovery phase providing coordination, information management, common storage and transport services.

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Up to 1,257 schools in Central Sulawesi were affected. About 647 or 51 per cent of them were primary schools. Up to 1,997 class rooms were severely damaged and needed to be replaced by temporary learning spaces.

Ongoing psychosocial support will be needed for teachers and children for some time to come.

The Government and NGO partners provided 755 school tents and 855 temporary semi-permanent class rooms.

Education

Early recovery -

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UNDP’s Cash for Work (CfW for Debris Clearance in 39 villages in Palu Municipality, Sigi district and Donggala district, in cooperation with 6 CSOs, the results as follows: 2,731 critical and high-risk spots were cleared, including 2,144 houses; 29 schools; 50 mosques and churches; 58 blocked roads; 450 public facilities/ utilities. It has enabled the effort to prevent risks of further injuries and/ or losses, while also enabled other actors to provide emergency/ temporary structures in delivering humanitarian services.

Involved 3,500 survivors of which 49% were women to clear the debris in tsunami and earthquake-hit areas. It brought benefit to a total of 15,539 family members through temporary cash earnings.

UNDP’s technical assistance to GoI’s in development of Action Plan for rehabilitation and reconstruction was provided through facilitation in conducting the Jitupasna – Indonesia’s Post Disaster Needs Assessment in 4 most affected district/ municipality, which the findings served as basis for developing the Action Plan for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction.

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