UMD AFP Newsletter 2024

ﻂﺳوﻷاقﺮﺸﻟاﺪﻬﻌﻣﻲﻓﻲﻨﻓضﺮﻌﻤﻟةرﺎﻳز

ﺮﻬﺷنﺎﻛﻞﻳﺮﺑا

ﻦﻣسﺎﻨﻠﻟثاﺮﺘﻟا ﺎﻴﺳابﺮﻏبﻮﻨﺟ .ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓألﺎﻤﺷو ﻮﻴﺟﺎﻤﻳدﺎﻨﺟﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟا

؟ﺔﻨﺴﻟاهﺬﻫلﻼﺧﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻟابﻼﻃاﻮﻠﻌﻓاذﺎﻣ ﺎﻀﻳاويداﻮﻨﻟاوثاﺪﺣﻻارﻮﺻﺮﺒﻋاﻮﻔﺸﺘﻜﺗ

!ﻢﻬﺗﺎﺳاردوتﺎﻔﻴﻇوﻦﻋﻢﻬﻌﻣتﻼﺑﺎﻘﻣﻊﻣ غﺮﺒﻨﻳﺮﻏﺎﻳﺎﻣاﻂﻠﺴﺗ؟ﻞﻤﻌﻟانﺎﻜﻣﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﺎﻨﺑﻼﻃمﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳﻒﻴﻛ .ﻞﻤﻌﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻤﻫﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻒﻴﻛوﺎﻤﻬﺘﻔﻴﻇوﲆﻋءﻮﻀﻟاكﻮﻟﻻﻮﺗو

ﺎﻨﻳدﺔﻧﺎﻨﻓﻦﻋﺐﺘﻜﺗ .ﺮﺼﻣﻦﻣﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺎﻀﻳأاوﺮﻘﺗﻦﻜﻤﻣ ذﺎﺘﺳأﻊﻣﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻋﻲﺴﺒﻜﻟاﻒﻄﻟ هرودوﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻂﺨﻟا .ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاﻲﻓ ﺔﻳاردﲆﻋاﻮﺤﺒﺼﺘﺳ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟبﻼﻃﻊﻣ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑوﺪﻧﻼﻳرﺎﻣ ﻦﻳﺬﻠﻟاﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟااﻮﺳرد ﻦﻣﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣﺐﻧاﻮﺟو ﻂﺳوﻻاقﺮﺸﻟا ﺎﻬﻨﻣو،ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓألﺎﻤﺷو ﻦﻔﻟاوﻞﻛﻷاوﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا .ثاﺮﺘﻟاو ﻢﻬﺗارﺎﻬﻣنﻮﺳرﺎﻤﻳﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻂﺨﻟايدﺎﻧﻲﻓبﻼﻃ

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بﺮﻐﻤﻟاﱃإﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓبﻼﻃﺐﻫﺬﻳ نأﺪﻳﺮﻧﺎﻨﻛﻚﻟﺬﻟو،ﺔﻨﺴﻟاهﺬﻫبﺮﻐﻤﻟاﱃاﺪﻧﻼﻳﺮﻣﺖﻌﻣﺎﺟﻦﻣبﻼﻃﺔﺴﻤﺧﺐﻫﺬﻴﺳ !بﺎﺒﺷﺎﻳكوﺮﺒﻣﻒﻟإ .ﺎﻨﺣﻢﻫزﺮﺒﻧ

بدﻻاو،ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺒﺳﻻاﺔﻐﻠﻟا،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﺳارﺪﻟا،(ﻲﻫ) ﻮﻴﺟﺎﻤﻳدﺎﻨﺟ يﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻹا

ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣوﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟاﺔﻨﺴﻟاﻲﻓﺔﺒﻟﺎﻃﺎﻧأوﺎﻨﺟﻲﻤﺳاﺎﻧا !ﻼﻬﺳوﻼﻫا ﲆﻋةوﻼﻋ .يﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻹابدﻷاوﺔﻴﻧﺎﺒﺳﻻاﺔﻐﻠﻟاوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﻲﻓ

سردأوﻲﻧﺎﺒﺳﻹاﻢﺴﻘﻟاﻲﻓﻢﻳﺮﻜﺘﻟاﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻲﻓﺔﺒﻟﺎﻃﺎﻧأ،ﻚﻟذ ،ﺮﻴﺧﻷاﻲﻋوﺮﺸﻣﻲﻓ .ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟادوﺪﺤﻟاﻦﻋوأﻲﻓبﻮﺘﻜﻤﻟابدﻷا ﻲﺳارﺪﻟاﻞﺼﻔﻟااﺬﻫوﺔﺘﺒﺳوﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﻣﻲﻓﺔﻴﻧﺎﺒﺳﻹاتﺎﺠﻬﻟﺖﺳرد ﻲﻓﻢﻬﻠﻴﺜﻤﺗوﺲﻳﺮﻳاسﻮﻨﻳﻮﺑﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣﻲﻓﻦﻳﺮﺟﺎﻬﻤﻟاةﺎﻴﺣسردأ ﻰﻬﻘﻣﻲﻓﻞﻤﻋأ،ﻲﻏاﺮﻓﺖﻗوﻲﻓ .ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻤﻟاﻲﻨﻴﺘﻨﺟرﻷابدﻷا ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻞﻀﻔﺑ .ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟاﻲﻓﺮﻌﺸﻟايدﺎﻧﻲﻓكﺮﺘﺷاو "ﻲﺘﻧﻼﻴﺠﻴﻓ" ﻰﻤﺣ" مﻼﻓﻷاﻞﺜﻣﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓألﺎﻤﺷوﻂﺳوﻷاقﺮﺸﻟاﻦﻣمﻼﻓاوﻦﻴﻴﻨﻐﻣﲆﻋﺖﻓﺮﻌﺗﺎﻧأﺐﻴﺸﺟﻼﻓ ﻻﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋو،"ﺰﻧﻮﺗﺔﺑﻮﻨﻟاوةرﺎﺴﻟا" و "ناﺪﻤﺣﻦﻴﻤﺳﺎﻳ

" ﻦﻣﻚﻠﺗﻞﺜﻣﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟاﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﻤﻟاﱃإعﺎﻤﺘﺳﻻاﻞﻀﻓاﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﻤﻟاﱃاﻊﻤﺘﺳا ءﺎﻀﻘﻟﺔﺴﻤﺤﺘﻣﺎﻧاﻦﻜﻟ،ﺔﻨﺴﻟاهﺬﻫﻞﺒﻗجرﺎﺨﻟاﻲﻓﺖﺳردﺎﻣ ."ﺮﻜﻨﻴﻟنﺎﻳردا" و "ﻞﺸﺘﻴﻣ بﻼﻄﻟاﺢﺼﻧا .بﺮﻐﻤﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣوﺔﻤﻳﺪﻘﻟاتﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاﻦﻋﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧوﺪﻠﺒﻟاجرﺎﺧﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺔﻤﺳﺎﺣﺔﻄﻘﻧﻞﺜﻤﻳﻦﻤﻴﻟانﻷﻪﺨﻳرﺎﺗوﻪﺘﻓﺎﻘﺛوﻦﻤﻴﻟاﻦﻋﻒﻄﻟذﺎﺘﺳاﻒﺻﺬﺧﺄﺑﻦﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﺬﺧأﲆﻋﻦﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟابﻼﻄﻟاﻊﺠﺷأ،ﺎﻀﻳا .مﺎﻋﻞﻜﺸﺑﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟاﻲﻓوﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟاﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟاﻲﻓ ﻲﺑرﺎﺠﺗ .ﻲﻋاﺪﺑﻻاﺮﻴﻜﻔﺘﻟاﻦﻣﺪﻴﻔﺘﺴﻳنأﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﻳلﺎﺠﻣﻞﻛنﻻﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑﻹاﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟاﻢﺴﻗﻲﻓﻒﺻ ﺖﻤﻠﻌﺗوةدﺪﻌﺘﻣتﺎﺼﺼﺨﺗوتﺎﻴﻔﻠﺧﻦﻣبﻼﻄﻟاﺐﺒﺴﺑاﺪﺟةزﺎﺘﻤﻣﺖﻧﺎﻛفﻮﻔﺼﻟاهﺬﻫﻲﻓ ﻞﻌﻟﻦﻜﻟ،ﺎﻬﻠﻛﺮﻛذأناﻊﻴﻄﺘﺳاﻻوﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻟاهﺬﻫﻦﻣةﻮﻠﺤﻟاتﺎﻳﺮﻛﺬﻟاﻦﻣﺮﻴﺜﻛيﺪﻨﻋ .اﺮﻴﺜﻛﻢﻬﻨﻣ عوﺮﺸﻤﻠﻟﻲﺛﺎﻛﻲﺘﻘﻳﺪﺻﻊﻣﻢﻠﻓتﺪﻠﻗﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻲﻔﻴﺼﻟاﺪﻬﻌﻤﻟاﻦﻣﻲﻫﺎﻬﻨﻣةﺪﺣاوﻦﺴﺣأ زﺎﺘﻤﻤﻟاﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻟااﺬﻬﻟﺎﻳﺎﻣوةﺬﺗﺎﺳﻷاﻞﻜﻟاﺮﻜﺷ .ﻲﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟا.

ﺔﻴﺳوﺮﻟابدﻷاوﺔﻐﻠﻟا،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﺳارﺪﻟا،(ﻮﻫ) ﻲﺴﻴﻨﻴﻓنﺎﻔﻳا ،ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﻟاوتﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاوتﺎﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑمﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻايﺪﻨﻋنﺎﻛ،ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣﻞﻛﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟﻲﻓﺔﻴﺳوﺮﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاسردأنأتﺮﺘﺧاﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻦﻜﺴﻟاﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻲﻓﺖﻨﻛﺎﻧاﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟاﻲﻓﻲﺘﻗوﻲﻓوﺪﻧﻼﻳرﺎﻣ لارﺪﻓ" ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻲﻓﺖﻨﻛﺎﻧأو،ﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟاتﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟاﺔﺳارﺪﻟصﺎﺨﻟا .ﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟاتﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟاوﺔﻤﻬﻤﻟاﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟاﲆﻋﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗﻊﻣ "سﻮﻠﻓ ةدﺎﻋأﺮﻗاوةءاﺮﻘﻟاﺐﺣأﺎﻧأ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاوﺦﻳرﺎﺘﻟاوتﺎﻐﻠﻟاﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻌﺒﻃ .ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻاﻞﻛﺎﺸﻤﻟاوﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟاوﺦﻳرﺎﺘﻟاﲆﻋةﺰﻛﺮﻣﺐﺘﻛ ﺺﺨﻳﺎﻤﻴﻓ . فﺰﻌﻟاوعﺎﻤﺘﺳﻻانﺎﻛءاﻮﺳ،ﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﻤﻟاﺐﺣأ

فﺰﻋأﻦﻜﻤﻣفﺰﻌﻟاﺺﺨﻳﺎﻤﻴﻓو،ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻟاوﻞﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟاﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﻤﻟاﱃإةدﺎﻋﻊﻤﺘﺳا،عﺎﻤﺘﺳﻻا "يارﻞﻳدﺎﻧﻻ" ﻢﻫﺔﻠﻀﻔﻤﻟاﻲﺗﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣوﻦﻴﻠﻀﻔﻤﻟاﻲﻴﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣﻦﻣوﻦﻴﻟوﺪﻨﻤﻟاوﻮﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ."ﻦﻳﺎﻛﻞﺛا" و "كﺎﻣدوﻮﺘﻴﻠﻓ" و "ةﺮﻴﺒﻜﻟاﺔﻗرﺎﺴﻟا" و

تﺎﻐﻠﻟاﺔﺤﻨﻣﻞﻀﻔﺑﺔﻴﺳوﺮﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﺔﺳارﺪﻟﺔﺻﺮﻓيﺪﻨﻋنﺎﻛ،ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟاﻲﺘﻨﺳﻲﻓ ﺔﻐﻠﻟاﺖﺳردوﻦﻳﺮﻬﺷةﺪﻤﻟﺎﻴﺟرﻮﺟﺔﻤﺻﺎﻋنﻮﻜﺗﻲﺘﻟاﻲﺴﻴﻠﻴﺒﺗﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣﻲﻓﺖﻨﻜﺳ .ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻟا ﱃإتﺮﻓﺎﺳﺎﻣيﺮﻤﻋﻦﻣو،بﺮﻐﻤﻟاﻲﻓةﺎﻴﺤﻟاوتﺎﺳارﺪﻠﻟاﺪﺟﺲﻤﺤﺘﻣﺎﻧا .ﺔﻴﺟرﻮﺠﻟاﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاو ﻢﻬﻓأنأﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳﺚﻴﺣﺪﻳﺪﺟﺪﻠﺑﻲﻓﻲﺘﻗﻮﻟﺲﻤﺤﺘﻣﺎﻧاو،ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓإلﺎﻤﺷﻲﻓﺪﻠﺑوأﻲﺑﺮﻋﺪﻠﺑ بﺮﻐﻤﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻴﻐﻳزﺎﻣﻷاﺔﻐﻠﻟاسردأنأﺪﻳرأ،ﻚﻟذﲆﻋةوﻼﻋ .ةﺰﻴﻤﻤﻟاﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاهﺬﻫﺪﻫﺎﺷأو .ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟاﺔﺳرﺪﻤﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻬﺘﺳردﻲﺘﻟاﺔﻴﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻐﻤﻟاﺔﺠﻬﻠﻟاﻊﻣﻲﺗارﺪﻗﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗو ﺪﻳرأ .ﻪﻴﻓﻲﺘﺑﺮﺠﺗﻦﻣةﺮﻴﺜﻛةزﺎﺘﻤﻣتﺎﻳﺮﻛذيﺪﻨﻋو،ﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻲﻓﻲﺘﻗﻮﻟﺔﻳﺎﻐﻠﻟﻦﺘﻤﻣﺎﻧأ يﺮﻴﻟﺎﻓةذﺎﺘﺳاوﻞﺸﺘﻳارةذﺎﺘﺳانﺎﻤﻛوﻒﻄﻟذﺎﺘﺳاوﺪﻤﺣاذﺎﺘﺳاوﺮﺘﻴﺑذﺎﺘﺳﻻاﺮﻜﺷلﻮﻗأنأ ،ﻂﻘﻓﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟاﻲﺗارﺪﻗﻲﻓﺲﻴﻟﻦﺴﺣأﺎﻧأ .ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﺑﻢﻬﺗﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣﲆﻋﺎﻣﺪﻘﻣ .ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻢﺴﻘﻟاوﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﺐﺒﺴﺑﻦﺴﺣاﺺﺨﺷﺎﻤﻧإو ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﺳارﺪﻟا،ﻮﻠﻳﺮﻓلﺎﻳﺮﻓ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟﻲﻓﺔﻌﺑاﺮﻟاﺔﻨﺴﻟاﻲﻓﺔﺒﻟﺎﻃﺎﻧاوﻮﻠﻳﺮﻓلﺎﻳﺮﻓﻲﻤﺳاﺎﻧا !ﺎﺒﺣﺮﻣ ةﺮﻴﺜﻛﻦﻛﺎﻣأﱃإﺐﻫذأنأﺐﺣأﻦﻜﻟةﺮﻴﺜﻛﺔﻳاﻮﻫيﺪﻨﻋﺲﻴﻟ

ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻃﺖﻨﻛ،ﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ .يرﻮﻜﻟاءاﻮﺸﻟاﻢﻌﻄﻣﻞﺜﻣﻲﺋﺎﻗﺪﺻاﻊﻣ .ﻲﻏاﺮﻓﺖﻗوﻲﻓﻢﺳﺮﻟاﺐﺣأﺖﻟزﺎﻤﻓﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟاﺔﺳرﺪﻤﻟاﻲﻓنﻮﻨﻓ ﲆﻋ،ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟاﻢﺳرﻲﻓةﺪﻴﺟﺎﻧأﻦﻜﻟسﺎﻨﻟاﻢﺳرأنأﺐﺣأﻻ،ﺔﺣاﺮﺼﺑ ﺖﻨﻛﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ،ﻲﺴﻔﻧﻦﻋﺔﻘﻴﻘﺣ !ﻲﺘﻓﺮﻏﻲﻓتﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟالﺎﺜﻤﻟاﻞﻴﺒﺳ ١١يﺮﻤﻋنﺎﻛنأﺬﻨﻣﺔﻴﻘﻴﺳﻮﻤﻟاتﻼﻔﺤﻟاﻦﻣﺮﻴﺜﻜﻟاﱃإﺖﺒﻫذةﺮﻴﻐﺻ كوﺮﻟاﻞﺜﻣﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﻤﻟاﻦﻣﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣعاﻮﻧأﱃإﻊﻤﺘﺳأنﻵﺎﻓمﺎﻋ ﻲﻓسردأﻢﻟ !ﺎﻬﺒﺣأﻲﺘﻟامﻼﻓﻷاﻦﻣﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧﺔﻴﻜﻴﺳﻼﻜﻟاﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﻤﻟاو ﺖﺸﻋوﻒﻴﺼﻠﻟﺲﻧﻮﺗﱃإتﺮﻓﺎﺳ،ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟاﺔﺳرﺪﻤﻟاﻦﻣﺖﺟﺮﺨﺗﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻦﻜﻟﻞﺒﻗﻦﻣجرﺎﺨﻟا ﻢﻬﻔﻟﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﺪﻠﺑﻲﻓﺶﻴﻋأنأﺪﻳرأﻲﻨﻧﻷبﺮﻐﻤﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻨﺴﻠﻟﺔﺴﻤﺤﺘﻣﺎﻧا .كﺎﻨﻫﻲﺘﻠﺋﺎﻋﻊﻣ ﻊﻣﻒﺻﻮﻫوﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻢﺴﻘﻟاﻲﻓزﺎﺘﻤﻣﻒﺻﻢﻜﻟحﺮﺘﻗأنأﺪﻳرأ،ردﺎﻏأنأﻞﺒﻗ !ةﺪﻳﺪﺟﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟاﻢﻬﻔﻟاﺪﺟﺪﻴﻔﻣﻒﺼﻟااﺬﻫنﻷﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟاﻲﻓةﺮﺻﺎﻌﻤﻟاﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟاﻦﻋﺪﻤﺣأذﺎﺘﺳا جرﺎﺧ !ﻪﻠﻟﺪﻤﺤﻟاكذﺎﺘﺳأنﻮﻜﻴﺳﺪﻤﺣأذﺎﺘﺳأ؟ﻲﺷﻞﻀﻓأ .ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻚﺗادﺮﻔﻣﻲﻓﺎﻀﻳاوﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﻲﻓءﺎﺴﻨﻟاﻦﻋﻒﺼﻟااﺬﻫو٣٢٠ﻲﻜﻴﺳﻼﻛﻮﻫوﺔﻴﻜﻴﺳﻼﻜﻟاﻢﺴﻘﻟاﻲﻓﻒﺻحﺮﺘﻗأ،ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻢﺴﻘﻟا ،ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣنوﺪﺑﻒﺻﻢﺗدرأاذإﻦﻜﻟﻪﺒﺣاوﻒﺼﻟااﺬﻫﺬﺧآ،نﻵا .ﺔﻤﻳﺪﻘﻟاﺎﻣوروﺔﻤﻳﺪﻘﻟانﺎﻧﻮﻴﻟا ﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻦﻣﺔﻠﻀﻔﻤﻟاﻲﺗﺮﻛاذ،اﺮﻴﺧا .ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟاﱃإﺪﻨﺘﺴﻳﻪﻧﻷﻢﻜﻟﺲﻴﻟﻒﺼﻟااﺬﻫ ﻊﻣ !ىﺮﺧادﻼﺑوبﺮﻐﻤﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻬﺗﺎﻴﺣﻦﻣﺎﻬﺼﺼﻗوﺎﻬﻣﺎﻌﻃﺐﺣأ،ﻲﻧآةذﺎﺘﺳأﻊﻣﺦﺒﻄﻟايدﺎﻧﻲﻫ ﺔﻣﻼﺴﻟا

ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷاﻊﻣةﺮﻴﻐﺻفﻮﻔﺻدﻮﺟوﺖﺒﺒﺣأ .ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻢﺴﻘﻟاﻲﻓﻢﻫﺖﻗﻮﻟالاﻮﻃنﻮﻠﻀﻔﻤﻟا .ﺎﻬﻴﻓ

ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻲﻓﺔﺒﻟﺎﻃﺖﻨﻛﺪﻘﻟو،ﻦﻳﺮﺛﺎﻛﻲﻤﺳاﺎﻧأ .ةﺮﻴﺧﻷاﺔﻌﺑرﻷاتاﻮﻨﺴﻟاءﺎﻨﺛأﺪﻧﻼﻳرﺎﻣ ﻲﻓﺔﻴﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاوﺔﻴﻧﺎﺒﺳﻹاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﺖﺳردﺪﻘﻟوتﺎﻐﻠﻟاﺔﺳاردﺐﺣأ ﲆﻋﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟاﻲﻓترﺮﻗﻦﻜﻟو،ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟاﺔﺳرﺪﻤﻟاوﺔﻳداﺪﻋﻹاﺔﺳرﺪﻤﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟاﺖﻧﺎﻛو،ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷاﺔﻳﺮﺤﺒﻟاتاﻮﻘﻟاﻲﻓﻞﻤﻋﺄﺳﻲﻨﻧﻷﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟا

.ﻲﺗارﺎﻴﺧﻦﻣةﺪﺣاوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا فﺮﻌﺗﻷﺎﻀﻳأوةﺮﻣلوﻷجرﺎﺨﻟاﻲﻓﺔﺳارﺪﻠﻟﺔﺴﻤﺤﺘﻣﺎﻧأ،بﺮﻐﻤﻟاﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻧأاﺪﺟةﺪﻴﻌﺳﺎﻧأ .ﻲﺑﺮﻐﻤﻟاﺐﻌﺸﻠﻟﻞﻀﻓأﻢﻬﻓﲆﻋﻞﺼﺣأنأوﻪﯩﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺘﻌﻣﺎﺟﻲﻓفﻮﻔﺼﻟاﺾﻌﺑتﺬﺧأﻲﻨﻧﻷو،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻐﻤﻟاﺔﺸﻴﻌﻤﻟاﻲﻓسﺎﻤﻐﻧﻼﻟﺔﺻﺮﻔﻟاهﺬﻫﺎﻧﺪﻨﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ،ﻲﻳأرﻲﻓ .ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟاﻲﺗﺎﺳارﺪﻟةﺪﻌﺘﺴﻣﻲﻨﻧﺄﺑﺮﻌﺷأ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑﺎﻬﺴﻳرﺪﺗﻰﻄﻌﺗﻲﺘﻟا ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋنﻷ،ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻤﻟاﻪﺘﻐﻟﻲﻓﺪﺣاوﻒﺻﻞﻗﻷاﲆﻋﺬﺧﺄﻳنأتﺎﻐﻠﻟاسرﺪﻳيﺬﻟاﺐﻟﺎﻃﻞﻛ فﻮﻔﺼﻠﻟةﺮﻴﺜﻛتارﺎﻴﺧﺪﻧﻼﻳرﺎﻣﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟﻲﻓ .ﺔﻐﻠﻟاﻲﻓﺮﻴﻜﻔﺘﻟﺎﺑأﺪﺒﻧﺎﻀﻳأ،ﺔﻐﻟﻲﻓﻢﻠﻌﺘﻧوسرﺪﻧ ،فﻮﻔﺼﻟاهﺬﻫﻞﻛﻲﻓاﺮﻴﺜﻛﺖﻤﻠﻌﺗﻲﻨﻧﺄﺑﺮﻌﺷأ،ﻦﻳﺪﻴﺠﻟاﺎﻨﺗﺬﺗﺎﺳأﻞﻀﻔﺑو،ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟﺎﺑسرﺪﺗﻲﺘﻟا

.ﺪﻤﺣأذﺎﺘﺳأﻪﺳرﺪﻳيﺬﻟابﺮﻐﻤﻟاﻦﻋﻒﺼﻟاﻲﻓﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧﻦﻜﻟو ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟامﻮﻠﻌﻟا،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﺳارﺪﻟا،غﺮﺒﻨﻳﺮﻏﺎﻳﺎﻣا مﻮﻠﻌﻟاوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﻲﻓﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣوﺔﻌﺑاﺮﻟاﺔﻨﺴﻟاﻲﻓﺔﺒﻟﺎﻃﺎﻧأ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟاﻲﻓﺔﺑرﺪﺘﻣﺎﻧأﻲﺳارﺪﻟاﻞﺼﻔﻟااﺬﻫلﻼﺧوﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻲﻓكرﺎﺷأ ,ﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ .ﺔﻤﺻﺎﻌﻟاﻲﻓسﻮﺑﺎﻗنﺎﻄﻠﺴﻠﻟ .بﺮﻐﻤﻟا, سﺎﻨﻜﻣﻲﻓجرﺎﺨﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻴﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟاﻲﺘﻨﺳﻞﻤﻛﺄﺳو "ﺐﺸﺟﻼﻓ" ﺊﻃاﻮﺸﻟاولﺎﺒﺠﻟاﺔﺻﺎﺧﺔﻴﺑﺮﻐﻤﻟاﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟافﺎﺸﻜﺘﺳﻻﺔﺴﻤﺤﺘﻣﺎﻧأ .ءاﺮﺤﺼﻟاو ﺔﻠﻀﻔﻤﻟاﻲﺗﺮﻛاذ .ﻒﻳﺪﺠﺘﻟاﻖﻳﺮﻓونﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟايدﺎﻧﱃإﺖﻤﻤﻀﻧا ,ﺪﻧﻼﻳرﺎﻣﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟﻲﻓﻲﺘﻗولﻼﺧ لﻮﺟﻻصﺮﻔﻟاﺔﻠﺣﺮﻟاهﺬﻫﻲﻨﺘﻄﻋأ .ندرﻻاﻲﻓجرﺎﺨﻟاﻲﻓﺖﺳردﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﺪﻧﻼﻳرﺎﻣﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟﻲﻓﺖﻧﺎﻛ اﻮﻟوﺎﺣ :بﻼﻄﻟاﻊﻴﻤﺠﻟﻲﺘﺤﻴﺼﻧ !ءاﺮﺘﺒﻟاوﺖﻴﻤﻟاﺮﺤﺒﻟاومريداوﻞﺜﻣﺔﻌﺋاﺮﻟاﻦﻛﺎﻣﻷاﺾﻌﺑﻲﻓ تﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟاجرﺎﺧﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟاوةﺎﻴﺤﻟاﺐﻳﺮﺠﺘﻟﺔﺻﺮﻓﻢﻜﺤﻨﻤﺗﺎﻬﻧﻷ ,ﻦﻜﻣأنإ ,ةﺪﺣاوةﺮﻣجرﺎﺨﻟاﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ذﺎﺘﺳﻷاﻊﻣﻲﺳاردﻒﺻﺬﺧﻷنﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﺑﻦﻴﻤﺘﻬﻣﻢﺘﻨﻛاذإﺢﺼﻧأ ,ﻚﻟذﲆﻋةوﻼﻋ .ةﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟا .ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟاتﺎﺳارﺪﻟاﻲﻓيﺮﻈﻧﺔﻬﺟوﺮﻴﻏوﻦﻴﻠﻀﻔﻤﻟاﻦﻴﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟاﻲﺗﺬﺗﺎﺳأﺪﺣأنﺎﻛﻪﻧﻷ ",ﻲﻔﻴﺒﺳ" ﻦﺴﺣأﻦﻣﺾﻌﺑتﺪﺟو !ﻪﻟﻼﺧﻦﻣﻢﻬﺘﻠﺑﺎﻗﻦﻳﺬﻟاصﺎﺨﺷﻷاﺖﺒﺒﺣأ ,ﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻟﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﺗﺬﺗﺎﺳأ ,ﺎﻀﻳأ .ﻢﻬﻌﻣبﺮﻐﻤﻟاﻲﻓمﺎﻋءﺎﻀﻗﻦﻣﻦﻜﻤﺗﺄﺳﻲﻨﻧﻷاﺪﺟﺔﺴﻤﺤﺘﻣﺎﻧأوﻲﺋﺎﻗﺪﺻأ

ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣﻲﻓﻂﺳوﻷاقﺮﺸﻟاﺪﻬﻌﻣﱃإﺎﻨﺒﻫذﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻲﻫﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻊﻣﻲﺘﻗوﻦﻣﺔﻠﻀﻔﻤﻟاﻲﺗﺮﻛاذ قﺮﺸﻟاءﺎﺤﻧأﻊﻴﻤﺟﻦﻣسﺎﻧﻦﻣﺺﺼﻗوﻊﻳرﺎﺸﻣﻊﻤﺳأوﺪﻫﺎﺷأنأﺖﺒﺒﺣأﻲﻨﻧﻷﻦﻄﻨﺷاو

ﻞﻤﻌﻟانﺎﻜﻣﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاوﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓ ﻞﺟأﻦﻣﺔﻐﻠﻟاهﺬﻫسرﺪﻧﺎﻨﻀﻌﺑ .بﺎﺒﺳﻷاﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاسرﺪﻧﺎﻨﻧأةﺪﻳﺮﺠﻟاهﺬﻬﻟءاﺮﻗفﺮﻌﻳ ﺎﻧدﻮﻬﺟﻲﻓﺎﻧﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟا،ﺖﻗﻮﻟاﺲﻔﻧﻲﻓﻦﻜﻟ .ﻢﻬﻗﺮﻋوﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻠﻟﻦﻳﺮﺧﻵاوﻦﻳﺪﻟاواﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑو ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﻢﺴﻘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺑﻼﻃ ﺾﻌﺑ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳو ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟا دﺎﺠﻳإ ﻲﻓ بﻼﻄﻟاءﻻﺆﻫﻦﻋﺮﺜﻛاﻢﻬﻔﻧناﺎﻧدرا .ﻲﺳارﺪﻟاﻞﺼﻔﻟااﺬﻫلﻼﺧﻞﻤﻌﻟانﺎﻜﻣﻲﻓوﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻟاﻢﻬﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﻲﺘﻟاغﺮﺒﻨﻳﺮﻏﺎﻳﺎﻣاﻦﻴﺘﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟاﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻤﻟﺔﺻﺮﻔﻟايﺪﻨﻋنﺎﻛ .ﻞﻤﻌﻟاﻲﻓﻢﻬﻤﻋﺪﺗﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﺳاردﻒﻴﻛو .ﺎﻨﻫ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﺔﻨﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ سرﺪﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا قﻮﻟ

ﻞﻤﻌﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟانﺎﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗﻒﻴﻛاﻮﻤﻠﻌﺗوﺎﻤﻬﻌﻣﺎﻨﺘﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣاوﺮﻗا ﻲﺴﻴﻨﻴﻓنﺎﻔﻳاﺖﺒﺘﻛﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻤﻟاهﺬﻫ

ﺔﻨﺴﻟاﻲﻓﺔﺒﻟﺎﻃقﻮﻟﻻﻮﺗ ﺪﻧﻼﻳﺮﻴﻣﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟﻲﻓﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟاﻲﻓﺺﺼﺨﺘﺗﺚﻴﺣ ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﻟاﺎﻀﻳأوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا

قﺮﺸﻟاﺦﻳرﺎﺗﺔﺻﺎﺧ .ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓألﺎﻤﺷوﻂﺳوﻷا ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ

نأﻰﻨﻤﺘﺗﻲﻫﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟاﻲﻓ .ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﻟاﻢﺴﻗﻲﻓفﺮﺸﻟا

ﻲﻟوﺪﻟالﺎﺠﻤﻟﺎﺑﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗﺔﻔﻴﻇوﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟامﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ يﺮﻜﻓﺰﻛﺮﻣﻲﻓوأ.

؟ﺪﺟﻮﺗﻦﻳأو (ﻲﻤﺳارﻢﺳا) ﺎﻤﻜﺘﻔﻴﻇوﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاسﻮﺑﺎﻗنﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟاﺰﻛﺮﻣﻲﻓﻞﻤﻋأﺎﻧأ :ﺎﻳﺎﻣا ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟاهﺬﻫﻢﺳاﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻹاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﻲﻓ .ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟاذﺎﻘﻧﻹاﺔﻨﺠﻟﻲﻓﻞﻤﻋأﺎﻧأﻲﺒﻳرﺪﺗةﺮﺘﻓﻲﻓ :ﻻﻮﺗ ناﺪﺟﻮﻳ .ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟا ءﺎﺤﻧأ ﻞﻛ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﻃﻮﺘﻟا ةدﺎﻋإ ﲆﻋ ﺰﻛﺮﺗ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ذﺎﻘﻧﻹا ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ".ﻲﺳ رآ يآ" ﻟا ﻮﻫ .رﻮﻤﻴﺘﻟﺎﺑﻲﻓﻞﻤﻋأﺎﻧأو (ﻎﻨﻳﺮﺒﺳﺮﻔﻠﻴﺳورﻮﻤﻴﺘﻟﺎﺑ)ﺪﻧﻼﻳﺮﻴﻣﺔﻳﻻوﻲﻓﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟاذﺎﻘﻧﻹاﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟنﺎﺒﺘﻜﻣ ؟ﻢﻜﺘﻔﻴﻇوﻲﻓﺎﻤﻜﺗﺎﻴﻟوﺆﺴﻣﺾﻌﺑﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاثاﺪﺣﻷاﻖﺴﻧأﺎﻧأوﻒﺤﺘﻤﻟالﻮﺣتﻻﻮﺠﺑمﺎﻴﻘﻟاﻦﻋﺔﻟوﺆﺴﻣﺎﻧأ :ﺎﻳﺎﻣا ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟاﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﲆﻋفﺮﺷألﺎﺜﻤﻟاﻞﻴﺒﺳﲆﻋتﺎﻴﻟوﺆﺴﻤﻟاﺾﻌﺑيﺪﻨﻋﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟاهﺬﻫﻲﻓ :ﻻﻮﺗ ﻂﻄﺧأنأمزﻼﻟاﻦﻣعﻮﺒﺳأﻞﻜﻓﻢﻬﺗﻼﺋﺎﻋﻊﻣرﻮﻤﻴﺘﻟﺎﺑﻲﻓنﻮﻨﻜﺴﻳﻦﻳﺬﻟاﻦﻴﺌﺟﻼﻟابﺎﺒﺸﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟاﺔﺳرﺪﻤﻟاﻲﻓبﻼﻄﻠﻟصﺎﺨﻟاﻪﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟاﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑكﺎﻨﻫ .ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻟااﺬﻬﻟﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷاوسورﺪﻟا تﺎﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻاﻲﻓ .ﻦﻴﺠﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻠﻟﺪﻌﺘﺳأعﻮﺒﺳأﻞﻜﻓﺔﻳداﺪﻋﻹاﺔﺳرﺪﻤﻟاﻲﻓبﻼﻄﻠﻟﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑو ﻊﻣﻞﺻاﻮﺗأﺎﻀﻳأوﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻟاﻲﻓة/ﺐﻟﺎﻃﻞﻛﻊﻣة/عﻮﻄﺘﻣﻲﺗﺮﻳﺪﻣوﺎﻧأﻖﺑﺎﻄﻧﻦﻴﺠﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻠﻟ

عﻮﺒﺳﻷاﻚﻟذﻲﻓثﺪﺤﻴﺳاذﺎﻣنﻮﻤﻬﻔﻳﻢﻬﻧأﺪﻛﺄﺘﻠﻟﻦﻴﻋﻮﻄﺘﻤﻟا

ﻮﻫﺎﻣ؟ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟاهﺬﻫﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟانﻮﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗﻞﻫ ؟ﻪﻴﻓكﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗﻒﻴﻛوﻞﻤﻌﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟارود

وأنﺎﻤﻋﻦﻣﻦﻴﻴﻨﻬﻤﻟاﻲﺋﻼﻣزﺔﻴﺒﻟﺎﻏ !ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟامﺪﺨﺘﺳأﺎﻌﺒﻃ :ﺎﻳﺎﻣا ﻢﻬﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻧﻦﻳﺬﻟافﻮﻴﻀﻟاﻦﻣﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟاﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻻﺎﺑﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاناﺪﻠﺒﻟا ةﺪﺋﺎﻓﺮﺜﻛأﺎﻧﺄﻓ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟافﺮﻋأﻲﻨﻧﻷ .ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﻌﻟاةرﺎﻔﺴﻟاﻦﻣ

.ﻦﻴﻔﻇﻮﻤﻟاوفﻮﻴﻀﻠﻟﺎﻣاﺮﺘﺣاو

ﻦﻣﻼﺜﻣﻲﺘﻔﻴﻇوﻲﻓمﺎﻳﻷاﻢﻈﻌﻣﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟامﺪﺨﺘﺳأ،ﻢﻌﻧ :ﻻﻮﺗ موزﻲﻓمﺎﻤﻀﻧﻻﺎﺑﻪﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟاﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻲﻓﻦﻴﻛرﺎﺸﻤﻟاﺮﻛذأنأمزﻼﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟانﻮﻤﻠﻜﺘﻳﻻوﺎﻳرﻮﺳﻦﻣﻢﻫﻢﻬﻌﻣﻞﻤﻋأﻦﻳﺬﻟانﻮﺌﺟﻼﻟاﺾﻌﺑو ﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ .ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﻲﻓﻢﻬﻌﻣﻢﻠﻜﺗأواﺪﻴﺟﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻷا ﻦﻳﺬﻟاﻦﻴﻛرﺎﺸﻤﻟاﻦﻣﺪﺣاوﻢﻬﻔﻳﻢﻟاذإﻲﺑﺮﻌﻠﻟيﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻻاﻦﻣﻢﺟﺮﺗأ .ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻹاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﻲﻓﻞﻴﻗﺎﻣﺎﻴﻠﺻأﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟانﻮﻤﻠﻜﺘﻳ ﻲﻓوأﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﻲﻓﺖﻤﻜﺗارﺪﻗﻦﺴﺤﺘﺳﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟاهﺬﻫﻲﻓوأﻞﻤﻌﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻤﻜﺗﺮﺒﺧ،ﺎﻤﻜﻳأرﻲﻓ ؟ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاﻢﻬﻓ ﻲﻨﻧﻷ .ﺔﻴﻣﺎﺸﻟاﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟاوﺮﺼﻣﲆﻋﺰﻛﺮﻧﺪﻧﻼﻳرﺎﻣﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟﻲﻓواﺪﺟﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا :ﺎﻳﺎﻣا .ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﻌﻟاﺔﺠﻬﻠﻟاﻢﻠﻌﺗوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑﻲﺘﻓﺮﻌﻣﻊﻴﺳﻮﺘﺑﻲﻟﺢﻤﺴﻳ،ﺎﻨﻫﻞﻤﻋأ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟاذﺎﻘﻧﻹاﺔﻨﺠﻟﺔﻣﻼﻋ ”ﻲﺳرآيأ“ لاوا

ﻲﻓﺔﻘﺛﺮﺜﻛأﺎﻧأنﻵالﺎﺜﻤﻟاﻞﻴﺒﺳﲆﻋﺔﺑﺮﺠﺘﻟاهﺬﻫلﻼﺧاﺮﻴﺜﻛﺖﻤﻠﻌﺗﺪﻗﻲﻨﻧﺄﺑﺮﻌﺷأ !ﺎﻌﺒﻃ :ﻻﻮﺗ ﺔﺻﺮﻓيﺪﻨﻋنﺎﻛﻞﺑﺐﺴﺤﻓاﺬﻫﺲﻴﻟو .ﻞﻤﻋﺔﺌﻴﺑﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﺖﻣﺪﺨﺘﺳاﻲﻨﻧﻷﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟاﻲﺗارﺎﻬﻣ .ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋﺮﺛﺆﺗﻲﺘﻟاﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟاوةﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟاتﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟاﻲﻓﻦﻴﺌﺟﻼﻟابﺎﺒﺸﻟاﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗﻦﻋﻢﻬﻓﺐﺴﺘﻛﻷﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻜﻤﻤﻟا

ﺎﻳﺎﻣا :ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻊﻤﺠﺗ صﺮﻓ كﺎﻨﻫ

ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ثﺪﺤﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻦﻜﻤﺗﺄﺳ ﺎﻬﻴﻓﺔﻨﻬﻣبﺎﺴﺘﻛاو ﻞﺼﺣأنأﻰﻨﻤﺗأﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟاﻲﻓ :ﻻﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﻃﻮﺗةدﺎﻋإلﺎﺠﻣﻲﻓﺔﻔﻴﻇوﲆﻋ ذﺎﻘﻧﻹاﺔﻨﺠﻟﻲﻓﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟاهﺬﻬﻓﻦﻴﺌﺟﻼﻟا نﻷﻲﻟﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑاﺪﺟﺔﻤﻬﻣﺖﻧﺎﻛﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا اﺬﻬﻟﺎﻘﻴﺛوﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗراﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟاهﺬﻫ ﺔﻨﺠﻟﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣأنأفﺮﻋأﺎﻀﻳأ .عﺎﻄﻘﻟا ﻦﻳﺬﻟاسﺎﻨﻟاﻒﻇﻮﺗﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟاذﺎﻘﻧﻹا ﻦﻜﻤﻤﻟاﻦﻤﻓﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻬﻴﻓاﻮﻠﻐﺘﺷا هﺬﻫﻲﻓﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟاﲆﻋﻞﺼﺣأنأ .ﷲءﺎﺷنإجﺮﺨﺗأنأﺪﻌﺑﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟا ﻦﻣﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاسﻮﺑﺎﻗنﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟاﺰﻛﺮﻣةرﻮﺻ ﻲﻤﺳﺮﻟاﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟا

مزﻼﻟاﻦﻣنﺎﻛﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻖﻠﻘﻟﺎﺑتﺮﻌﺷﻲﺒﻳرﺪﺗةﺮﺘﻓﺔﻳاﺪﺑﻲﻓ !ﻢﻜﺗارﺪﻗوﻢﻜﺴﻔﻧﺄﺑﻦﻴﻘﺛاواﻮﻧﻮﻛ :ﻻﻮﺗ ﻲﺗارﺪﻗﻻوأ :ﻲﺒﻳرﺪﺗةﺮﺘﻓلﻼﺧﻦﻴﻤﻬﻣﻦﻴﺌﻴﺷﺖﻤﻠﻌﺗﻲﻨﻜﻟوسﺎﻨﻟاﻊﻣﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟامﺪﺨﺘﺳأنأ ﻦﻣنﻵﺎﻓ (!ﻢﻜﻠﻛﻞﺜﻣ) ﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻲﻓﺔﻛﺮﺘﺸﻣﻲﻨﻧﻷﺔﻳﻮﻗﻲﻫﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﻢﻠﻜﺗﲆﻋ ﺖﺒﻜﺗرااذإﻲﻠﻋﻢﻜﺤﻳﺪﺣأﻢﻟﻲﺘﺑﺮﺠﺗﻲﻓﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ .ﻞﻤﻋﺔﺌﻴﺑﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟامﺪﺨﺘﺳأنأﻦﻜﻤﻤﻟا ﻢﻬﺘﻐﻟﻲﻓﺺﺨﺷﻊﻣﻢﻠﻜﺘﻟﺎﺑءاﺪﻌﺳاﻮﻧﺎﻛسﺎﻨﻟاﻞﺑ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﻲﻓﺖﻤﻠﻜﺗﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﺄﻄﺧ !نﻮﻌﻴﻄﺘﺴﺗﻢﻜﻧأفﺮﻋأ .ﻞﻤﻋﺔﺌﻴﺑﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑثﺪﺤﺘﻟاﻦﻣاﻮﻓﺎﺨﺗﻻﻚﻟﺬﻟ .ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﻦﻣﺚﻴﺣﺔﻔﻴﻇواوﺪﺠﻳنأنوﺪﻳﺮﻳﻦﻳﺬﻟاﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑبﻼﻄﻟﺔﺤﻴﺼﻧيأﺎﻤﻛﺪﻨﻋﻞﻫ ؟ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟااﻮﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳنأﻢﻬﻟﻦﻜﻤﻤﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑﺎﻬﻤﻬﻓوﺔﺠﻬﻠﻟﺎﺑثﺪﺤﺘﻟاﲆﻋةرﺪﻘﻟا .ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاويﻮﻐﻠﻟاﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟا،ﻻوأ :ﺎﻳﺎﻣا صﺮﻓكﺎﻨﻫ .ﺎﻫﺪﻳﺮﺗﺪﻗﻲﺘﻟاﺔﻨﻬﻤﻟالﻮﺣكﺮﻈﻧﺔﻬﺟوﻊﺳﻮﺗ،ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ .ﺔﻤﻬﻣةرﺎﻬﻣﻲﻫﻰﺤﺼﻔﻟاﱃإ .ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟاتﺎﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟاﻦﻣﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻةﺪﻳﺮﻓ

!

ﺎﻤﻜﺗﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣوﺎﻤﻜﺘﻗوﲆﻋﺎﻤﻜﻴﻟإاﺪﻘﻣاﺮﻜﺷ

Here are some resources you can use to find a career with your Arabic language skills, improve your Arabic through study abroad, and a list of organizations AFP students have interned at in the past.

Find A Career

UMD Career Center

Handshake

Talk to professors to network and find opportunities!

Improve your language through studying abroad or domestically

Critical Language Scholarship

Boren Scholarship

CET Jordan

Fulbright Program

Past Internships and Organizations

International Rescue Committee (Silver Spring/Baltimore)

Applied Research Laboratory for Intelligence and Security

Sultan Qaboos Cultural Center

Council on Foreign Relations

Middle East Institute

Wilson Center

The Language Flagship

Arab Center

Washington D.C.

ﺪﻨﺴﻧﻮﺗنﺪﻧﻻ

ﺎﺴﻴﻛنإﺲِﻟﺎﺠﻤﻟاﲆﻋﻪﺿﺮﻌﻳءﺮﻤﻟاﺐﻟﺮﻌﺸﻟاﺎﻤﻧإو» ﺖﺑﺎﺛﻦﺑنﺎﺴﺣلﺎﻗ ﻮﺑألﻮﻗو «ﺎﻗﺪﺻﻪﺗﺪﺸﻧأاذإلﺎﻘﻳﺖﻴﺑﻪﻠﺋﺎﻗﺖﻧأﺖﻴﺑﻦﺴﺣأنإوﺎﻘﻤﺣنإو «ﺐﻴﺌﻜﻟاحوﺮﻟاﺔﺧﺮﺻورﻮﻌﺸﻟاﻢﻓﺖﻧأﺮﻋﺎﺷﺎﻳ» ﻦﻳﺰﺤﻟاﻲﺑﺎﺸﻟاﻢﺳﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﺑاﱃإﺐﺴﺘﻨﻳلﻮﻗﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺮﻌﺸﻟاﻦﻋلاﻮﻗﻷاﺮﻬﺷأوﺢﺼﻓأوﻢﻫأﻦﻣو .«بﺮﻌﻟاناﻮﻳدﺮﻌﺸﻟا» ﺔﻃﺎﺴﺒﻟاﻞﻜﺑلﺎﻗﺎﻤﻨﻴﺣﻪﻨﻋﷲﻲﺿرسﺎﺒﻋ

بﺮﻌﻟﺎﺑﺔﻘﻴﻤﻋﺔﻗﻼﻋﺮﻌﺸﻟاﺪﻨﻋﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟاتﺎﻴﺑﻷاﻲﻓﺎﻨﻳأرﺎﻤﻛ،ﺪﻌﺑﺎﻣأ ﻢﻬﻣﻼﻛوبﺮﻌﻟاءﺎﻴﺣأﻲﻓﺮﻌﺸﻟاﺔﻴﻤﻫأﻦﻋلﻮﺤﻧنأﻦﻜﻤﻳﻻ .ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻢﻬﺘﻐﻟو ﺎﻣوﻢﻫرﺎﻜﻓأوﻢﻬﺘﻘﻴﻘﺣﻢﻬﻓﺎﻨﻐﻠﺑﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟااﺬﻫلﻼﺧﻦﻣوﻞﺻاﻮﺘﻟاﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻛ ﻲﻓﺐﻌﺸﻛﺎﻨﺑﺮﻐﺘﺴﺗﻲﺘﻟاءﺎﻴﺷﻷاﺪﺣأ .هﺪﻌﺑومﻼﺳﻹاﺢﺘﻓﻰﺘﺣﻪﻴﻠﻋاﻮﻧﺎﻛ اﺬﻫﻦﻤﻓ .ﺎﻨﻠﺜﻣﻦﻴﺒﺗﺎﻛﻻوﻢﻬﻤﻠﻋﲆﻋﻦﻴﻈﻓﺎﺣاﻮﻧﺎﻛبﺮﻌﻟانأاﺬﻫﺎﻨﻧﺎﻣز ﻒﻴﻜﻓءﺎﻴﺷبﺮﻌﻟاﺐﺘﻛﺎﻣاذﺈﻓ» ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻟالﺄﺳنأﻞﻴﺤﺘﺴﻤﻟاﻦﻣﺎﻣبﺎﺒﻟا

ﺐﻠﻏأﻊﺒﻄﻟﺎﺑ .ﺮﻌﺸﻟاﺮﺒﻋ :ﻞﻬﺳباﻮﺠﻟاو «؟ﻢﻬﻤﻠﻋﲆﻋﻦﻴﻈﻓﺎﺣاﻮﻧﺎﻛ ،بﺮﺤﻟاوﺔﻟﻮﺟﺮﻟاوأءﺎﺴﻨﻟاوﻖﺸﻌﻟﺎﻛﻊﻴﺿاﻮﻣﱃإدﺮﻄﺗﺎﻫاﺮﻧﻲﺘﻟاتﺎﻴﺑﻷا ؛ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺮﻌﺸﻟﺎﺑﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳﺎﻤﻴﻓﺎﻤﺋادﻪﻠﻬﺠﻧيﺬﻟاﺮﺧآﺐﻧﺎﺟﻚﻟﺎﻨﻫﻦﻜﻟو يﻮﺘﺤﻳﺮﻌﺸﻟاﻦﻣعﻮﻧ؛يأﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟاﺮﻌﺸﻟاوأﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟاﺮﻌﺸﻟاﻮﻫاﺬﻫﺐﻧﺎﺠﻟاو نوﺪﺑ .ﺦﻟإو،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا،ﻦﻳﺪﻟا،ﺔﻐﻠﻟا،ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﻟاﻞﺜﻣﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣةدﺎﻣﻦﻋتﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ .ﻢﻫﺮﻴﻏوبﺮﻌﻠﻟﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫأﺪﻳﺰﻳﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺮﻌﺸﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑدﻷامﻮﻠﻌﻟاﺪﺟاﻮﺗﻚﺷ بﺎﺘﻛاﺬﻫ . «ﻚﻟﺎﻣﻦﺑاﺔﻴﻔﻟأ» ﺔﻓوﺮﻌﻤﻟاةﺪﻴﺼﻘﻟاﺮﻛﺬﻨﺳلﺎﺜﻤﻟاﻞﻴﺒﺳﲆﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛﺖﻤﺗﺪﻗوﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻮﺤﻨﻟاﻢﻬﻓﻲﻓﺐﻏﺮﻳﻦﻤﻟاﺪﺟﻢﻬﻣ (ﺎﻀﻳأةﺪﻴﺼﻗو) هﺬﻫﺰﻴﻤﻳﺎﻣ .ﺎﻀﻳأﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑﻦﻴﻘﻃﺎﻨﻟاﺮﻴﻏوبﻼﻄﻠﻟﻪﻨﻋةﺮﻴﺜﻛحاﺮﺷ ﻞﻛ،ﺔﻨﻣاﺰﺘﻣةرﻮﺼﺑوﺎﻬﻴﻓمﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗﻲﺘﻟاﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳﻹاﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﻟاﻮﻫةﺪﻴﺼﻘﻟا ﻲﻓو .ةﺪﻴﺼﻘﻟاﻪﺘﺑﺎﺘﻛﻲﻓﻒﻟﺆﻤﻟاﺮﺸﺣﻲﺘﻟاﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺪﻋاﻮﻘﻟاوتﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟا ﻮﺤﻨﻟاعﻮﺿﻮﻣﻦﻋثﺪﺤﺘﺗﻲﺘﻟاةدﺪﻌﺘﻣﺪﺋﺎﺼﻗﺔﻤﺛ (ﺔﻐﻠﻟا) لﺎﺠﻤﻟاﺲﻔﻧ ﻲﺑأﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟاﺦﻴﺸﻠﻟ «ﺔﻴﻣوﺮﺟﻵا» ﺪﺟﻮﺗﻼﺜﻣ .ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟامﻮﻠﻌﻟاوفﺮﺼﻟاو بﺎﺘﻛاﺬﻫو .موﺮﺟآﻦﺑﺎﺑﺮﻴﻬﺸﻟاﻲﺟﺎﻬﻨﺼﻟادوادﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﷲﺪﺒﻋ ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺮﻌﺸﻟا لﺎﻤﺟ ﻦﻣ

ﱃإﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺮﻌﺸﻟااﻮﻌﻓرﻦﻣﺰﻟاكاذﻲﻓءاﺮﻌﺸﻟاوﻢﻳﺪﻘﻟاﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺮﻌﺸﻟانإﻊﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻳﺮﻌﺸﻟاﺔﻛرﺎﺤﻤﻟاﻰﺴﻨﻧنأﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳﻻ،ﺎﻴﻤﻟﺎﻋﻲﻟﺎﻋىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺎﻤﻴﺳﻻﻢﻬﻨﻤﻓنﻮﻓوﺮﻌﻤﻟاءاﺮﻌﺸﻟاﺎﻣأ .ﺎﻬﻨﻣﺎﻨﻴﺗأيﺬﻟالﺎﻤﺠﻟاوةﺮﺻﺎﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﺼﻌﻟاﻲﻓ .

ﻢﻫﺮﻴﻏوﺲﻴﻧودأ،ﻲﺒﻴﺼﻘﻟاﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑيزﺎﻏ،ﺶﻳوردﺪﻤﺤﻣ تﺎﻴﻓﺎﻗنﻮﺒﺤﺘﺴﻳوةﺪﻘﻌﻤﻟانازوﻷاماﺪﺨﺘﺳاﻦﻋءاﺮﻌﺸﻟاﲆﺨﺘﻳﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا ﻢﻳﺪﻘﻟاﺮﻌﺸﻟاﻦﻴﺑتﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧﻻاﻢﻬﻓﻲﻓاﺪﺟﻢﻬﻣﻞﻣﺎﻋاﺬﻫوﺔﻄﻴﺴﺑوةﻮﻠﺣ ﻢﻳﺪﻘﻟاﺮﻌﺸﻟاعﻮﻧﻞﻛﻲﻓةدﻮﺟﻮﻣﺖﻧﺎﻛﻲﺘﻟانازوﻷاهﺬﻫنﻷﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﺮﻌﺸﻟاو ومﻼﻜﻟاﻦﻴﺑقﺮﻔﺗﺎﻣﺖﻧﺎﻛوبﺮﻌﻟانﻮﻴﻌﺑﺮﻌﺸﻟالﺎﻤﺠﻟبﺎﺒﺳأﻢﻫأﻦﻣﺖﻧﺎﻛ .ﻪﺗاذﺪﺤﺑﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻟاﺮﻌﺸﻟاوﻂﻘﻓﺔﺑﺬﻌﻟاتﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟا فاﺮﻃأوﻞﻴﻠﻟاءﺎﻧآ .ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟانﻮﺒﺤﻳﻦﻳﺬﻟاوبﺮﻌﻟاﺪﻨﻋﻢﻴﻈﻋﺮﻣأﺮﻌﺸﻟﺎﻓ ﻪﻧازوأوﺔﻴﻔﻴﻄﻠﻟاﻪﺗﺎﻴﻓﺎﻗوﺔﺤﻴﺼﻔﻟاﻪﺗﺎﻤﻠﻜﺑﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻞﻘﻌﻟاﻒﻠﻐﺘﻳﺮﻌﺸﻟارﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻪﻟﺎﻳونﻵاﻰﺘﺣوبﺮﻌﻟاناﻮﻳدﺮﻌﺸﻟانﺎﻜﻣﺎﻳنﺎﻛ .ﺔﻴﻗاﺮﻟاﻪﺒﻴﻟﺎﺳأوﺔﻠﻴﻤﺠﻟا .مﻼﻜﻟاﻲﻤﺴﻧﺎﻤﻣﻖﻤﻋأوﻞﻤﺟأﻦﻓﻦﻣ

ﻲﻓﱃوﻷاﺔﻨﺴﻟاﻲﻓﺐﻟﺎﻃﺪﻨﺴﻧﻮﺗنﺪﻧﻻ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﺳارﺪﻟاسرﺪﻳﺚﻴﺣﺪﻧﻼﻳﺮﻣﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻻﺈﺑو،ﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟاتﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟاو ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻲﻓ .ىﺮﺧأةﺮﻴﺜﻛتﺎﻐﻟسرﺪﻳ .ﻦﻴﺑرﺪﺘﻤﻟاﻦﻣﺪﺣاو ﻮﻫ ﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓ ﻦﻴﺋﺪﺘﺒﻤﻠﻟﺔﺻﺎﺧ،ﺔﻐﻠﻟامﻮﻠﻋﻲﻓﻲﻟﺎﻋىﻮﺘﺴﻤﺑﻪﺋرﺎﻗﺮﻓﻮﻳﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟابﺎﺘﻜﻟﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟاﻲﻓﺮﻌﺸﻟامﺎﻘﻣﻪﻘﻔﻧﺎﻨﻧأﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋﺐﺟاوﻪﻧإﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﺈﺑ .ﺎﻬﺑ مﻮﻴﻟاﺎﻧﺪﻬﻋﺮﻴﻫﺎﺸﻣىﺮﻧﻦﺤﻧﺎﻤﻛﻢﻬﻧوﺮﻳاﻮﻧﺎﻛسﺎﻨﻟانﺄﺑءاﺮﻌﺸﻟاﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﺖﻄﺑرﻰﺘﺣﺮﻴﺒﻛﺪﺣﱃإضرﻷاﲆﻋﻲﺸﻤﺗمﻮﺠﻧاﻮﻧﺎﻛءاﺮﻌﺸﻟاساﺎﻨﻟاﻦﻴﻌﺑو .ﺔﻣﺮﻜﻤﻟاﺔﻜﻤﺑﺔﺒﻌﻜﻟاراﺪﺟﲆﻋﺲﻴﻘﻟاوﺮﻤﻋ،رﻮﻬﺸﻤﻟاﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟاﺪﺋﺎﺼﻗﺾﻌﺑ

ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟتوﺮﻴﺑراد -(169 ص،ﺖﺑﺎﺛﻦﺑنﺎﺴﺣناﻮﻳد) ﻲﺑﺎﺸﻟاﻢﺳﺎﻗﻮﺑأ - (107 تﺎﻴﺑﻻادﺪﻋ،ﻲﺋﻼﺑﺮﺳﺖﻧأﺐﺤﻟاﺎﻬﻳأ) ﻦﻴﺣﻲﻜﻟﺎﻤﻟا،ﻲﺴﻟﺪﻧﻷاﻲﻧﺎﻴﺠﻟاﻲﺋﺎﻄﻟاﺪﺣوﻷاﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟامﺎﻣﻹاﻚﻟﺎﻣﻦﺑﷲﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑﷲﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﻦﻳﺪﻟالﺎﻤﺟﻮﻫ » « .ﻖﺸﻣدﻞﻳﺰﻧيﻮﺤﻨﻟا،قﺮﺸﻤﻟاﱃاﻞﻘﺘﻧاﻦﻴﺣﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟابﺮﻐﻤﻟﺎﺑنﺎﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﺴﻗأو ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺎﺑﺪﻴﻔﻤﻟاﺐﻛﺮﻤﻟاﻆﻔﻠﻟاﻮﻫ :مﻼﻜﻟا » :ﻼﺜﻣئﺪﺘﺒﻣﻮﻫﺮﻨﻤﻟةدﺪﻌﺘﻣﺔﻄﻴﺴﺑتﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣبﺎﺘﻜﻟااﺬﻫﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﺸﻟاﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻟا - ﻞﺧﺪﻣ - ﺔﻴﻣوﺮﺟﻵابﺎﺘﻛ - 5ص « ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻟءﺎﺟفﺮﺣو،ﻞﻌﻓو،ﻢﺳِا

ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟاﻲﻓنﻮﻜﻟا غﺮﺒﻨﻳﺮﻏﺎﻳﺎﻣا

مﻼﺳﻹارﻮﻬﻇﺪﻌﺑﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋوﻚﻠﻔﻟاﻦﻣﺮﺒﻛاﺦﻳرﺎﺗكﺎﻨﻫﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟاﻲﻓ ﺮﻜﺒﻤﻟاﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاﺦﻳرﺎﺘﻟاﺮﻬﻈﻳ .مﻼﺳﻹاﻲﻓﺔﻤﻬﻣ٥تاﻮﻠﺻﺖﻴﻗﻮﺗﱃإﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟاﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﻲﻓﺮﻴﺒﻛﻞﻜﺸﺑترﻮﻄﺗﺎﺒﺘﻛوﺔﻴﻜﻠﻓتﻻآمﻮﻠﻌﻟاﺖﺠﺘﻧا،ﻢﻠﻌﻟاوﻦﻳﺪﻟاﻦﻴﺑةﺪﻴﺟﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻢﻠﻋلاﺰﻳﻻ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاﻦﻳﺪﻟاﻲﻓﻚﻠﻔﻟاﻢﻠﻋلﻮﺒﻗﻦﻣﻢﻏﺮﻟاﲆﻋ،ﻚﻟذﻊﻣو .ﺖﻗﻮﻟاﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋﺮﺛأﻒﻴﻛوﻚﻠﻔﻟاﻢﻠﻋوﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋﻦﻋﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣهﺎﻧدأمﺪﻗﺄﺳ .ماﺮﺣﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟا .ﻂﺳوﻻاقﺮﺸﻟاﻲﻓةﺎﻴﺤﻟاﻦﻣﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣﺐﻧاﻮﺟ ﻲﻧﺎﻏﺮﻔﻟانﺎﻛ .ﻦﻣﺎﺜﻟانﺮﻘﻟاﻦﻣاءﺪﺑ "ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻄﺒﻟا" ﺔﻟوﺪﻟاﻲﻓنﻮﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟاﻊﺳﻮﺗ ﻚﻠﻔﻟاﻢﻠﻋﻦﻣﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ" ﺐﺘﻛو،ﺔﻛﺮﺤﻟاهﺬﻫاوأﺪﺑﻦﻳﺬﻟابﺮﻌﻟاﻚﻠﻔﻟاءﺎﻤﻠﻋﺮﻬﺷأﺪﺣأ مﻮﺠﻨﻟا" بﺎﺘﻛﺐﺘﻛوﻞﻤﻌﻟااﺬﻫﻲﻓﻮﺼﻟاﻞﺻاو .833 مﺎﻋﻲﻓ "ﺔﻳوﺎﻤﺴﻟاتﺎﻛﺮﺤﻟاﲆﻋ اوﺪﻘﺘﻧاءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟا .ﺎﻬﻃﺎﻤﻧأومﻮﺠﻨﻠﻟﺔﻠﺼﻔﻣرﻮﺻﻢﺳربﺎﺘﻜﻟاﻚﻟذﻲﻓ٩٦٤مﺎﻋﻲﻓ "ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺜﻟا .نﻮﻜﻟاﺰﻛﺮﻣﻲﻓﺖﻧﺎﻛضرﻷانأةﺮﻜﻓﺔﺻﺎﺧوﻮﻄﺳرأرﺎﻜﻓأﻲﻓاﻮﻌﺳﻮﺗو ﲆﻋﺮﺛﺆﺗﺖﻧﺎﻛاذإﺎﻣومﻮﺠﻨﻟاﻰﻨﻌﻣﻲﻓﺎﻀﻳأﺮﻈﻧﻲﻣﻼﺳإﻲﻜﻠﻓﻢﻟﺎﻋﺮﻬﺴﻣﻮﺑأنﺎﻛ ﻢﻠﻋتﺎﺑﺎﺘﻛﻦﻣﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟاﺎﻀﻳأﻢﺟﺮﺗ،ﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋﻲﻓﻪﻠﻤﻋﻦﻣﻢﻏﺮﻟاﲆﻋ .ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟااﺬﻫلﻼﺧ .ﻲﺑﺮﻐﻟاوﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻬﻠﻘﻨﺑﺢﻤﺳﻲﺘﻟا،ﻲﻧﺎﻧﻮﻴﻟاﻚﻠﻔﻟا رﺎﺒﺧإﻪﻨﻜﻤﻳيﺬﻟاهﺪﺣوﷲنأﺾﻌﺒﻟاﺪﻘﺘﻌﻳ،ﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋةﺮﻜﻓلﻮﺣءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟاﻢﺴﻘﻧا ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻔﻟاتﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟالاﺰﺗﻻ،ﻚﻟذﻊﻣو .ﻢﻬﻌﻣﻒﻠﺘﺨﻳﺮﺧﻵاﺾﻌﺒﻟاوﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟاثاﺪﺣﻷا ﻲﻓﺔﻤﻬﻣراودأﺎﻬﻟوتارازﺎﺒﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻫدﺎﺠﻳإﻦﻜﻤﻳ .ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟاءﺎﺤﻧأﻊﻴﻤﺟﻲﻓمﺪﻘﺘﺗ نﺎﻜﻤﻟاﻰﺘﺣوأﺔﻳدﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻاتﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟاوأبﺮﺤﻟالﺎﺜﻤﻟاﻞﻴﺒﺳﲆﻋﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻟاﻢﻛﺎﺤﻤﻟا ﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋﺎﻫأﺪﺑﻲﺘﻟاةﺮﻜﻔﻟاﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋاﻮﻌﺑﺎﺗﻦﻳﺬﻟاءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟاﻞﺻاو .ﺔﻤﺻﺎﻌﻟا عﺎﺒﺗأﻦﻣعوﺮﺸﻣﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋنﺎﻛ .ﺮﺼﻨﻋوناﻮﻴﺣوﺐﻛﻮﻛجﺮﺑﻞﻛاﻮﻄﻋأ :ﻲﻧﺎﻧﻮﻴﻟا ءﺰﺟﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋنوﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳﺪﻗﺔﻣاﺮﺻﺮﺜﻛﻷاﻦﻴﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاعﺎﺒﺗﻷانﺈﻓ،ﻚﻟذﻊﻣو - ﺔﻌﻴﺸﻟا

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ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷامﻮﻠﻌﻟاوأدﺎﺤﻟﻹاوأﻊﻴﺸﺘﻟاﻦﻣ ﺮﻴﺒﻛﻞﻴﺜﻤﺗكﺎﻨﻫلاﺰﻳﻻﻪﻧأﻻإ،لﺪﺠﻠﻟةﺮﻴﺜﻣجاﺮﺑﻷانأةﺮﻜﻓﻦﻣﻢﻏﺮﻟاﲆﻋ ﻦﻜﻤﻤﻟاﻦﻣلاﺰﻳﻻﻲﺘﻟاةﺮﻴﻬﺸﻟاﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟالﺎﻤﻋﻷاﻞﻤﺸﺗ .ﻦﻔﻟاﻲﻓفﻮﺼﺘﻠﻟ - ﺔﻴﻓﻮﺼﻟاةﺮﻜﻔﺑنﺎﻤﻳﻹاﻦﻣعﻮﻨﻟااﺬﻫﻊﻔﺗرا .«ﺔﺴﻤﻬﻟاورازﺎﻨﻟا» مﻮﻴﻟاﺎﻬﺗﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﻌﺸﻟالﻼﺧﻦﻣﷲﻊﻣﺔﻴﺣوﺮﻟاﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟاﲆﻋﻊﺠﺷمﻼﺳﻹاﻦﻣﺐﻫﺬﻣﻮﻫو سﻮﻘﻃﺲﻴﻟﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋنأفﻮﺼﺘﻟاﻲﻓءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟاﺪﻘﺘﻌﻳ .ﻦﻔﻟاوسﻮﻘﻄﻟاو ﻲﺘﻟاﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟاﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟاﲆﻋﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳﻪﻧﻷﷲﻊﻣﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟاﲆﻋﻊﺠﺸﻳﻪﻨﻜﻟوﺔﻴﻧﺎﻄﻴﺷ ﻮﺑأوﻲﻧﺎﻏﺮﻔﻟاﻞﺜﻣءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟاءﻻﺆﻫأﺪﺑ .ﷲﻖﻠﺧﻦﻋﺪﻳﺰﻤﻟاﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣﲆﻋسﺎﻨﻟاﻊﺠﺸﺗ

.مﻮﻴﻟامﻼﺳﻹاﻲﻓهﺪﻨﻋﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻲﺘﻟاةﺪﻘﻌﻤﻟاﺔﻠﺣﺮﻟارﺎﺸﺑ

ﻦﻣﺔﻴﻜﻠﻓ ﺔﻄﻳﺮﺧ :ةرﻮﺻ (١٥٨٣مﺎﻋ) ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺜﻌﻟاﺔﻳرﻮﻃاﺮﺒﻣﻻا

مﻼﺳﻹاﻲﻓﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋوﻚﻠﻔﻟاﻢﻠﻋ ﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋنﺎﻛ،ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻟاﺮﺼﻌﻟالﻼﺧفوﺮﻌﻣاﺬﻫ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺜﻟاوﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟاوﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟاةﺎﻴﺤﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻤﻬﻣﻼﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﻣرﺎﻜﻓأﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟاءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟاﺬﺧأ .ﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻠﻟ .ﺐﻛاﻮﻜﻟاتاﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗوﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟاﺲﻔﻧوجاﺮﺑﻷاﻦﻴﻴﻧﺎﻧﻮﻴﻟا زﻮﻣرﺲﻔﻧماﺪﺨﺘﺴﻣ،ﻦﻴﻴﻧﺎﻧﻮﻴﻟاﺪﻴﻠﻘﺗﻲﻓاوﺮﻤﺘﺳا اﺬﻫنﺎﻛوزﻮﻣﺮﻟاﺐﺗﺮﺗﺲﻔﻧاﻮﻣﺪﺨﺘﺳاوتﺎﻧاﻮﻴﺤﻟا ﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋﻢﺘﻫاﻚﻟذﻊﻣو ".جﺮﺒﻟاﻚﻠﻓ" ﻰﻤﺴﻳ .ﺎﻫﺮﻳﺪﺗﻲﺘﻟاﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟاوﺐﻛاﻮﻜﻟاﻢﻜﺤﺑﺮﺜﻛأﻲﻣﻼﺳﻻا ﻦﻴﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاكﻮﻠﻤﻟاﻦﻣﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟاﻒﻇو،ﻞﺒﻗﺶﻗﻮﻧﺎﻤﻛ ﻦﻣراودﻷاﻦﻣﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣكﺎﻨﻫﺖﻧﺎﻛ .ﻦﻴﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﻮﺑاﻞﺜﻣﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟاﺔﻳاورﱃإﺎﻨﻴﺳﻦﺑاﻞﺜﻣﺔﻳودﻻا ﻦﻣنﻮﻨﻔﻟاﻲﻓجاﺮﺑﻷاﺰﻣوﺮﻟةﺮﻴﺒﻛﺔﻛرﺎﺸﻣكﺎﻨﻫنﺎﻛ،ﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑو .ﺮﻌﺸﻣ نﺎﻛﻦﻣﺎﺜﻟانﺮﻘﻟاﻦﻣﱃوﻻاﺔﻠﺜﻣﻻاﺪﺣا .ﺮﺸﻋﻊﺑﺎﺴﻟانﺮﻘﻟاﱃإﺮﺸﻋﻲﻧﺎﺜﻟانﺮﻘﻟا ﺲﻔﻨﺑﻊﻣﺔﺒﻛﻮﻛ٣٥ضﺮﻌﺗءﺎﺴﻔﻴﺴﻔﻟااﺬﻫ،ندرﻷاﻲﻓةﺮﻤﻋﺮﺼﻗﺔﻌﻠﻗﻲﻓءﺎﺴﻔﻴﺴﻓ ﻦﻣقوﺪﻨﺻكﺎﻨﻫ .ﺖﻗﻮﻟااﺬﻫلﻼﺧﺔﻴﻤﻠﺳﻦﻳﺪﻟاوﻦﻔﻟاﻦﻴﺑﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟاهﺬﻫﺖﻧﺎﻛ .جاﺮﺑﻻا تﺎﻣﻼﻋﻦﻣﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟاﻊﻣﺐﻨﺟﱃإﻪﺒﺣﺎﺻﺔﻳﺎﻤﺤﻟﺔﻴﻨﻳدتﺎﺑﺎﺘﻛﻊﻣﺮﺸﻋﻲﻧﺎﺜﻟانﺮﻘﻟا ﻢﻠﻋوﻦﻳﺪﻟاﻦﻴﺑةدﻮﺟﻮﻣﺖﻧﺎﻛﻲﺘﻟاﺔﻴﻤﻠﺴﻟاﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟاﲆﻋءﻮﻀﻟاﻂﻠﺴﻳاﺬﻫ .جاﺮﺑﻷا ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻟاﺮﺼﻌﻟالﻼﺧﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟا

ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟاﺪﻘﺘﻌﻳ .

مﻼﺳﻹاﻲﻓﺐﻌﺻعﻮﺿﻮﻣﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳمﻮﻴﻟا،ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﻤﻟاﻲﻓ .ﷲﻢﻴﻟﺎﻌﺗﺾﻓﺮﺗﺖﻧاﻢﺛ،ﻚﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻣفﺮﻌﺗمﻮﺠﻨﻟانأﺪﻘﺘﻌﺗﺖﻨﻛاذإنأمﻼﺳﻹاءﺎﻤﻠﻋ نﺎﻜﻣﻚﻠﺘﻤﻳﻢﻟﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋﻦﻣﻢﻏﺮﻟاﲆﻋ .ﺐﻴﻐﻟاىﺮﻳيﺬﻟاﺪﻴﺣﻮﻟاﷲنآﺮﻘﻟاﻲﻓنﻻ تﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاﻲﻓةزرﺎﺑلاﺰﺗﻻقﻮﻔﺘﻟاوفﻮﺼﺘﻟالﺎﻜﺷأنأﻻإ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟاﻲﻓ ةﺮﻳﺮﺸﻟاﻦﻴﻌﻟاﻢﻬﻨﻣﺪﻴﻌﺒﻟﺔﺴﻤﻫورازﺎﻧنﻮﺴﺒﻠﻳبﻮﻌﺳلاﺰﻳﻻ .مﻮﻴﻟاﺪﺤﻟﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا .ﻦﻳﺮﺧﻶﻟ مﻮﻴﻟاﻲﻓﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋ تاﺪﻘﺘﻌﻤﻟاﻦﻣﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟاكﺎﻨﻫ،ﻦﻳﺪﻟاﻲﻓﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻌﻟﻲﺒﻠﺴﻟارﻮﺼﺘﻟاﻦﻣﻢﻏﺮﻟاﲆﻋ ﲆﻋ .ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاسﺎﺳأﲆﻋﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗﻲﺘﻟاوﺔﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟاتﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟاﺎﻬﺳرﺎﻤﺗﻲﺘﻟاسﻮﻘﻄﻟاو ﻪﻨﻜﻤﻳنﺎﻄﻴﺸﻟانأودﻮﺳﻷاﺮﺤﺴﻟﺎﺑنﻮﻨﻣﺆﻳنﺎﺘﺴﻛﺎﺑوﺪﻨﻬﻟاﻲﻓ،لﺎﺜﻤﻟاﻞﻴﺒﺳ .ةﺮﻳﺮﺸﻟاحاورﻷادﺮﻄﺑﺔﻤﺋﻷاﻞﻤﻌﻴﺳ،ﻚﻟذﲆﻋادروﺪﺴﺠﻟاﲆﻋةﺮﻄﻴﺴﻟا ﺐﻧﺎﺟﱃإ .ﻂﺳوﻷاقﺮﺸﻟاﻲﻓاﺪﺟاﺪﺋﺎﺳﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋلاﺰﻳﻻ،ﺮﺧﻵاﺐﻧﺎﺠﻟاﲆﻋ جاﺮﺑﻷاوﻦﻴﻤﺠﻨﻤﻟانﻮﻔﻇﻮﻳسﺎﻨﻟاﻦﻣﺮﻴﺜﻜﻟالاﺰﻳﻻ،ﺔﺴﻤﻬﻟاورازﺎﻨﻟاﻞﺜﻣتﺎﻓاﺮﺨﻟا ،٪٩٧ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺑﻢﻠﺴﻣ،ندرﻷاﻲﻓلﺎﺜﻤﻟاﻞﻴﺒﺳﲆﻋ .ﻂﻄﺨﻟاﻊﺿووﻢﻬﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻣرﺎﺒﺧﻷ ،ﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ .ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻟاﻚﺟﺮﺒﻟدﻮﻤﻋﲆﻋ "زﻮﻴﻧنادرﻮﺟ" ﻲﻧدرﻷارﺎﺒﺧﻻاﻊﻗﻮﻣيﻮﺘﺤﻳ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟاﻲﻓﻂﻘﻓﺲﻴﻟﻢﺠﻨﻣﻞﻀﻓأ "ﻲﺟورﻮﺟاﺪﻧﺎﻧﺎﻣارﻲﻣاﻮﺳﺶﻴﻓاﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎﻣ" ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳ ١٤

ﻪﺗارﺎﻬﻤﻟﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧﻪﻧﻮﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳسﺎﻨﻟا .ضﺎﻳﺮﻟاوﺮﻄﻗﻲﻓﺎﻀﻳأﻦﻜﻟوﺔﻳدﻮﻌﺴﻟاﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﻲﻓبﻮﻌﺸﻟاوﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟانأﲆﻋءﻮﻀﻟاﻂﻠﺴﻳاﺬﻫو .جاوﺰﻟاﻲﻓجاوزﻷاﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣﻲﻓ .مﻮﻴﻟاﻢﻬﺗﺎﻴﺣﻲﻓﺎﻬﻧﻮﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳوجاﺮﺑﻷايأرنورﺪﻘﻳاﻮﻟازﺎﻣﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاناﺪﻠﺒﻟا

تﺎﻴﻧﻮﻜﻟاﻢﻠﻋ رﻮﻄﺗ،ﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋﻊﻣﺔﻧرﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻠﻋﱃإمﻼﺳﻹاﻲﻓﻚﻠﻔﻟاﻢﻠﻋ ،نﻮﻜﻟاأﺪﺑﻒﻴﻛﻮﻫو،تﺎﻴﻧﻮﻜﻟا ﻦﻣﺎﻫﺮﻴﻏو،مﻮﺠﻨﻟاﱃإىدأو ﺞﺘﻨﻳو .مﻮﻴﻟاﺎﻫاﺮﻧﻲﺘﻟاتاﺰﻴﻤﻟا تﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟاﻲﻓتﺎﻴﻧﻮﻜﻟاﻢﻠﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاونآﺮﻘﻟاﻦﻣﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا .ﺔﻨﺴﻟاو ﻞﺜﻤﻳﺎﻬﻨﻣﻞﻛ،تﺎﻳآ 7 ﲆﻋنآﺮﻘﻟايﻮﺘﺤﻳ .ةدﺪﻌﺘﻣناﻮﻛأدﻮﺟوةﺮﻜﻓنآﺮﻘﻟاﺪﻳﺆﻳ،ﻻوأ برﻪﻠﻟﺪﻤﺤﻟا" :لﻮﻘﺗﺔﻳآكﺎﻨﻫ،ﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ .ﻊﺒﺴﻟاتاوﺎﻤﺴﻟاﻦﻣةﺪﺣاو

و "ﻢﻟاﻮﻌﻟا"

ﺮﻛذنأﱃإاﻮﺼﻠﺧوءاﺰﺟﻷاهﺬﻫﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﺑنﻮﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟامﺎﻗ ."ﻦﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟا ةﺮﻜﻓهﺬﻫﺖﻧﺎﻛ .ﺪﺣاوﻢﻟﺎﻋﻦﻣﺮﺜﻛأدﻮﺟوﱃإرﺎﺷأوفﺪﻬﻟاﲆﻋنﺎﻛ "7 تاوﺎﻤﺴﻟا" ضرﻷانأونﻮﻜﻠﻟادوﺪﺣكﺎﻨﻫنأﺪﻘﺘﻌﻳﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟاﻢﻈﻌﻣنﺎﻛﻦﻴﺤﻟاﻚﻟذﻰﺘﺣﻪﻧﻷﺔﻳرﻮﺛ .ﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟاﻲﻫ .ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻧوأﺔﻳاﺪﺑﻪﻟﺲﻴﻟوﻲﺋﺎﻬﻧﻻنﻮﻜﻟانأﻦﻴﻴﻧﺎﻧﻮﻴﻟاةﺮﻜﻓنﻮﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟاىﺪﺤﺗ،ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﺔﻣﺎﻴﻘﻟامﻮﻳ" نأىﺮﺧأﺔﻳآاﻮﻓﺎﺿأو "مﺎﻳأ 6 ﻲﻓﻖﻠﺧنﻮﻜﻟا" نأنآﺮﻘﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻳﻵااﻮﻣﺪﺨﺘﺳا

ﻖﻠﺧﻒﺻونﻮﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟاﺮﺴﻔﻳ،ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ."ضرﻷاﲆﻋمﺎﻋ 50000 يوﺎﺴﻳنآﺮﻘﻟاﻲﻓ تاﺮﺘﻔﻟاهﺬﻬﻟﻂﺒﻀﻟﺎﺑﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗﺪﺟﻮﻳﻻ .ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣﺔﻴﻨﻣزتاﺮﺘﻓﺖﺳيوﺎﺴﻳ "مﺎﻳأﺔﺘﺳ" .دوﺪﺤﻣﺢﺒﺻأنﻮﻜﻟاﻦﻜﻟ،ﺔﻴﻨﻣﺰﻟا ﷲﻲﻓﺮﻴﻜﻔﺘﻟاةﺮﻜﻓاﻮﻀﻓرﻦﻳﺬﻟاﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟاءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟاﻦﻣﺮﺧآعﺮﻓكﺎﻨﻫنﺎﻛ،ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﻤﻟاﻲﻓ نﻷﺮﻈﻧﻪﻧأهﺮﻈﻧﺔﻬﺟو "يزاﺮﻴﺸﻟاﻦﻳﺪﻟاﻲﻓﺪﻳﺆﻤﻟا" .دﺪﺤﻤﻟاﺖﻗﻮﻟاﻲﻓنﻮﻜﻟاﻖﻠﺧ .ﻪﺴﻔﻧﺖﻗﻮﻟاﻖﻠﺧﻪﻧﻷﺖﻗﻮﻟاﻞﺜﻣءﺎﻴﺷﺄﺑهﺪﻴﻴﻘﺗﻦﻜﻤﻳﻼﻓ،ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻠﻟيﻮﻗ ضرﺎﻋ،لﺎﺜﻤﻟاﻞﻴﺒﺳﲆﻋ .ﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋةﺮﻜﻔﻟﻲﻤﻠﻋﺾﻓﺮﺑﺎﻀﻳأتﺎﻴﻧﻮﻜﻟاﻢﻠﻋأﺪﺑ ﺔﺤﺻرﺎﺒﺘﺧﻻﺎﻫوﺮﺟأﻲﺘﻟابرﺎﺠﺘﻟاﲆﻋءﺎﻨﺑﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋﻲﻧوﺮﻴﺒﻟاوﻢﺜﻴﻬﻟاﻦﺑاوﻲﺑارﺎﻔﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑﻪﻧأﲆﻋﻦﻴﻤﺠﻨﻤﻟاﻢﺘﺒﺟأاذإو" ،ﺮﻴﻬﺸﻟاﺔﻳزﻮﺠﻟاﻢﻴﻗﻦﺑالﺎﻗ .ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻔﻟاتاﺆﺒﻨﺘﻟا اذﺎﻤﻠﻓ،(ﺐﻛاﻮﻜﻟا) ﻢﻬﺗاﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﺑرﻮﻌﺸﻟاﻦﻜﻤﻳﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟاﻪﺟوﲆﻋﺮﻐﺼﻟاوﺔﻓﺎﺴﻤﻟاهﺬﻫ ﻦﻣﺮﺒﻛأمﻮﺠﻨﻟانأكرﺪﻳﺚﺣﺎﺑلوأنﺎﻛ ."درﺎﻄﻋ،ﺐﻛﻮﻛﺮﻐﺻأﻦﻣاﺮﻴﺒﻛاﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﻲﻋﺪﺗ ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﻣةﺮﻴﻐﺼﻟاﺐﻛاﻮﻜﻟاﻪﺛﺪﺤﺗنأﻦﻜﻤﻳيﺬﻟاﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻟاىﺪﺤﺗﻚﻟذﺐﺒﺴﺑوﺐﻛاﻮﻜﻟا ﻦﻣﺮﻴﺜﻜﻟاﺖﻄﻠﺘﺧاﺚﻴﺣ «ﺔﻧﺎﺒﺘﻟابردةﺮﺠﻣ» ﻞﺒﻗ،ﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ .ةﺮﻴﺒﻜﻟامﻮﺠﻨﻟﺎﺑ .ﺎﻫﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣﻞﻴﺤﺘﺴﻤﻟاﻦﻣﻪﻧأوﺾﻌﺑﻊﻣةﺮﻴﻐﺼﻟامﻮﺠﻨﻟا

ﻞﺒﻗقاﺮﻌﻟاﻲﻓ .ﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋﲆﻋﺎﻫرﺎﺛأوﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاﻲﻓةأﺮﻤﻟارودىﺮﺧﻻاﺔﻤﻬﻤﻟاطﺎﻘﻨﻟا ﺖﻧﺎﻛ .ﺮﺤﺴﻟاوﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﺐﺒﺴﺑﺮﺒﻛأﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟاروﺪﺑنﻮﻌﺘﻤﺘﻳءﺎﺴﻨﻟا،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻻاﺢﺘﻔﻟا ﻲﻓﺔﻳﺮﻜﻓﺮﺜﻛﻷاﺔﻄﻘﻨﻟاﺖﻧﺎﻛﺎﻬﻧﻻﺔﻴﻨﺛﻮﻟاﺪﻴﻟﺎﻘﺘﻟاﻦﻋﺮﻴﺒﻌﺗﻢﻫأ "ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻔﻟاﺔﻳرﺪﻘﻟا" .بﺮﻌﻟاﻦﻴﻴﻨﺛﻮﻟاﻦﻣةﺮﻜﻔﻟاهﺬﻫاوﺬﺧأداﺪﻐﺑﱃإﻦﻴﻴﻣﻼﺳﻻاﻞﺻوﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻚﻟﺬﻟ .ﺔﻴﻨﺛﻮﻟا ﺪﻳﺰﻤﻟا" لﻮﻘﻳدﻮﻤﻠﺘﻟالﺎﺜﻤﻟاﻞﻴﺒﺳﲆﻋتﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣﺔﻳدﻮﻤﻠﺘﻟاوﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻟاﻲﻓءﺎﺴﻨﻟاﻦﻜﻟ ﺢﺒﺼﻳﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟﺎﻛعﻮﺿﻮﻣ،ﻦﻳﺪﻟاﻲﻓةﺮﻜﻔﻟاهﺬﻫﺐﺒﺴﺑو ".ﺮﺤﺴﻟاﻦﻣﺪﻳﺰﻤﻟا،ءﺎﺴﻨﻟاﻦﻣ كﺎﻨﻫلاﺰﻳﻻﻚﻟذﻊﻣو .ﺮﺤﺴﻟاوﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟاﻢﻠﻋﻦﻴﺑﻂﺑاركﺎﻨﻫنﺎﻛوﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟاﻲﻓماﺮﺣ .ﻚﻠﻔﻟاﻢﻠﻋﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗﻲﻓءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟﺔﻤﻬﻣراودأ

ﻊﻣﺎﻬﻠﻤﻌﻟةرﻮﻬﺸﻣﺖﻧﺎﻛ (ﻲﺑﻻﺮﻄﺳﻻاﻢﻳﺮﻣكﺎﻀﻳاﺔﻓوﺮﻌﻤﻟا) ﺔﻴﻠﺟﻻاﻢﻳﺮﻣ .داﺪﻐﺑﻲﻓبﻻﺮﻄﺳﻻاﻊﻣﻞﻤﻋبﻻﺎﻳرﻮﺳﻲﻓتﺪﻟو .ﺮﺷﺎﻌﻟانﺮﻘﻟاﻲﻓبﻻﺮﻄﺳﻻا ﻲﻤﺳرﻞﻜﺸﺑتﺎﻴﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟاسرﺪﺗﻢﻟﺎﻬﻧأﻦﻣﻢﻏﺮﻟاﲆﻋواﻮﻠﻤﻋﻒﻴﻛﺎﻫﺪﻟاوﻦﻣﺖﻤﻠﻌﺗ ﺲﻤﺸﻟابﻻﺮﻄﺳﻻامﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ .بﻻﺮﻄﺳﻻاﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗﻦﻣﺖﻨﻜﻤﺗﺎﻬﻧأﻻإ،اﺪﺑا مﺎﻋﻲﻓﺖﻴﻋدوﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟااﺬﻫﺖﻨﺴﺣ .ﻂﺒﻀﻟﺎﺑﻚﺘﻗووﻚﻌﻗﻮﻣدﺪﺤﻳمﻮﺠﻨﻟاوﺮﻤﻘﻟاو مﻮﻴﻟاﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋفﺮﻌﺗﻢﺛ .ﻪﺘﻜﻠﻤﻣﻲﻓﻞﻤﻌﻠﻟﺐﻠﺣةرﺎﻣإﱃإﺔﻟوﺪﻟاﻒﻴﺳﻞﺒﻗﻦﻣ٩٤٠ ،ﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ

ﺎﻬﻓﺮﺷﲆﻋتﺎﺒﻜﻳﻮﻜﻟاماﺰﺣﲆﻋﺎﻬﻤﺳاﺪﺠﻳيﺬﻟاﺖﻟﻮﻫيﺮﻨﻫ ﻢﻳﺮﻣﺖﻣﺪﺨﺘﺳاﺚﻴﺣ٢٠١٦مﺎﻋﻲﻓﻲﻤﻠﻋلﺎﻴﺧﺔﻳاوررﻮﻓارﻮﻛوأيﺪﻴﻨﻧﺐﺘﻛ ﺔﻴﺨﻳرﺎﺘﻟاﺔﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟاةأﺮﻤﻟاروﺪﺑﻲﻋﻮﻟاةدﺎﻳزﻲﻓبﺎﺘﻜﻟااﺬﻫﺪﻋﺎﺳ .ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟاﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺎﻛ .ﻚﻠﻔﻟاﻢﻠﻋﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﻲﻓ

ﻲﻓتﺪﻟووﺔﻤﻠﺴﻣﺖﻧﺎﻛﻲﻫوﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟاﻲﻓﱃوﻻاﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟاﺔﻳﺮﻬﻔﻟاﺔﻤﻃﺎﻓﺖﺴﺳأ ﺔﻳاﺪﺒﻟاﻲﻓ .٨٥٩مﺎﻋﻲﻓناوﺮﻴﻘﻟاﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟتأﺪﺑوﺎﻫﺪﻟاوﻦﻣلﺎﻤﻟاﺖﻣﺪﺨﺘﺳا .ﺲﻧﻮﺗ ﻞﺜﻣﻚﻟذﻊﻣو،ﺚﻳﺪﺣوﻪﻘﻓﻼﺜﻣ،ﻂﻘﻓﻦﻳﺪﻟاﻦﻋﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺪﺠﺴﻣوﺔﺳرﺪﻣهﺬﻫﺖﻧﺎﻛ قﺮﺸﻟاﻲﻓﻢﻬﻣﻊﻗﻮﻣﺖﺤﺒﺻااﺬﻫﺐﺒﺴﺑ .ﻚﻠﻔﻟاﻢﻠﻋﱃإﺖﻌﺳﻮﺗﻲﻫ،ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻟاﺖﻴﺑ .ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻠﻟﻂﺳوﻷا

داﺪﻐﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟاﺔﻔﻴﻠﺨﻟادارأ٧٦٢مﺎﻋﻲﻓوﻦﻴﻳﻮﻣﻷﺎﺑنﻮﻴﺳﺎﺒﻌﻟاحﺎﻃأ،٧٥٠مﺎﻋﻲﻓ ﲆﻋءﻮﻀﻟاﻂﻴﻠﺴﺘﻟةﺪﻳﺪﺟﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣﱃإﻖﺸﻣدﻦﻣﺔﻤﺻﺎﻌﻟاﻞﻘﻧرﻮﺼﻨﻤﻟا ﻦﻣةﺪﻋﺎﺴﻤﻟادارأرﻮﺼﻨﻤﻟﺎﻓﺐﻌﺻنﺎﻛراﺮﻗاﺬﻫ .ﻦﻴﻴﺳﺎﺒﻌﻟاةﻮﻗ رﺮﻗﻲﺘﻟاﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟا .ةﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟاﺔﻤﺻﺎﻌﻠﻟﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟانورﺎﺘﺨﻳﻢﻫوﻦﻴﻤﺠﻨﻤﻟا هﺬﻫﻦﻴﻤﺠﻨﻤﻟاﻞﻀﻓو "ﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻاﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻟا"بﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟاﺎﻬﺑﻦﻴﻤﺠﻨﻤﻟا رﻮﺼﻨﻤﻠﻟﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟاﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟاﺖﻧﺎﻛنﺎﻣﺰﻟااﺬﻫﻲﻓﻦﻜﻟو .ﻢﻴﺠﻨﺘﻠﻟﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟا .دﻮﻬﻳونﻮﻴﺳرﺎﻓنﻮﻤﺠﻨﻣكﺎﻨﻫنﺎﻛﻼﺜﻣﻦﻴﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣاﻮﻧﺎﻛﻪﻨﻴﻴﻤﺠﻨﻣﻲﻫ ﺖﻧﺎﻛهﺬﻫﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺛوﺔﻴﻨﻳدﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣﺔﻤﺻﺎﻋدارأرﻮﺼﻨﻤﻟانﻷﻢﻬﻣاﺬﻫنﺎﻛ رﺎﻜﻓأﲆﻋﺖﻴﻨﺑداﺪﻐﺑﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣنﻷﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟاءﺎﻨﺑوﻊﻤﺠﺘﻠﻟسﺎﻨﻟاﻞﻜﻟنﺎﻜﻣ .ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟاﻲﻓﺖﻠﻤﺷوﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاﻞﺒﻗتﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟا

نﺮﻘﻟاﻲﻓﺪﻴﺷﺮﻟانورﺎﻫﺲﻣﺎﺨﻟاﺔﻔﻴﻠﺨﻟاهﺎﻨﺑ،ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻟاﺖﻴﺑداﺪﻐﺑﻲﻓﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟاﺰﻛﺮﻣنﺎﻛ لدﺎﺒﺗوﻢﻠﻌﺘﻠﻟﺎﻴﺳآوﺎﺑوروأءﺎﺤﻧأﻊﻴﻤﺟﻦﻣءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟاﻞﻛيﺬﻟانﺎﻜﻤﻟااﺬﻫنﺎﻛ .ﻦﻣﺎﺜﻟا طاﺮﻘﺑأوسﻮﻤﻴﻠﻄﺑوﻮﻄﺳرأونﻮﻃﻼﻓألﺎﻤﻋأنﻮﻣﺄﻤﻟاﻊﺑﺎﺴﻟاﺔﻔﻴﻠﺨﻟاﻞﻤﺣ .ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟا ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺘﻟاﻲﻓﻪﻠﻤﻌﺑفوﺮﻌﻣنﻮﻣﺄﻤﻟانﺎﻛ .ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻟاﺖﻴﺑﻲﻓﺎﻬﻤﺟﺮﺗوﺎﺑوروأﻦﻣسﺪﻴﻠﻗإو ةﻮﻗﻲﻓﺪﻘﺘﻌﻳنﺎﻛ .ﻚﻠﻔﻟاﻢﻠﻋﻲﻓﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﱃإﺔﻤﻳﺪﻘﻟالﺎﻤﻋﻷاﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗﲆﻋ ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺗﻦﻣﻲﻣزراﻮﺨﻟاﻞﺜﻣﻚﻠﻔﻟاءﺎﻤﻠﻋﻲﻓﱃوﻷاﺪﺻاﺮﻤﻟاﻦﻣﺪﺣأﻰﻨﺑومﻮﺠﻨﻟا لﻮﻐﻤﻟاﻢﺟﺎﻫﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ١٢٥٨مﺎﻋﺖﻬﺘﻧاﻪﺘﻓﺮﻌﻣﻞﻛوﺔﻤﻜﺤﻟاﺖﻴﺑﻦﻜﻟ .ﻂﺒﻀﻟﺎﺑمﻮﺠﻨﻟا .ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻤﻠﻟ رﻮﻄﺗداﺪﻐﺑﻲﻓ .تﺎﻴﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟاﻲﻓﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧمﻮﻴﻟاﻰﺘﺣدﻮﺟﻮﻣلاﺰﻳﻻﺔﻤﻜﺤﻟاﺖﻴﺑﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﻓبﻼﻄﻟاﺎﻬﻤﻠﻌﺘﻳﻲﺘﻟاءﺎﻴﺷﻷاﻢﻫأﺪﺣأرﻮﻄﺗﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ .تﺎﺜﻠﺜﻤﻟاﻢﻠﻋوﺮﺒﺠﻟا .ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟاﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟاﺪﺟوﻮﻫ،ﻢﺜﻴﻬﻟاﻦﺑاﻦﻣﻞﺼﻔﻟا ،ﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﺳارﺪﻟاﻲﻓﺔﺒﻟﺎﻃغﺮﺒﻨﻳﺮﻏﺎﻳﺎﻣا .ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﺔﺳارﺪﻟﻮﻴﻧﻮﻳﻲﻓبﺮﻐﻤﻟاﱃإﺐﻫﺬﺘﺳو ندرﻷاﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﺖﺳردﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﺔﻟﺎﻘﻤﻟاهﺬﻫﺖﺒﺘﻛ .ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟاﻒﻴﺼﻟاﻲﻓ CET ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻊﻣ

ﺮﺼﻣ ،ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺎﻨﻳد :نﺎﻨﻓ ﺔﺤﻤﻟ ﻮﻴﺟﺎﻤﻳدﺎﻨﺟﺐﺘﻛ

ةرﻮﺼﻣ تﺎﻳاور ﺔﺒﺗﺎﻛو

ﻲﻓ ةﺮﻬﺷ ﺮﺜﻛﻷا ﻲﻫو ١٩٩٥

ﺮﺸﻧ ﺎﻨﻳد تأﺪﺑ .٢٠١٥ مﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ "ﻚﻴﺒﻟ ﻚﻴﺒﺷ"

ﻲﻓ

ﻲﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟا دﺎﺴﻔﻟا ﻊﻴﺿاﻮﻣ ﻒﺸﻜﺘﺴﺗو .ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاقﻼﺧﻷاوةأﺮﻤﻟا ﱃوﻻاﺔﻴﻟﺰﻬﻟاﺎﻬﺘﻠﺠﻣ ﻖﻤﻌﺘﺗ "ةﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟا

ﺪﻤﺤﻣﺎﻨﻳد :ةرﻮﺻ ﺎﻬﺑﺎﺘﻛﻊﻣ

ﺪﻤﺤﻣﺎﻨﻳدﻲﻨﻓﻞﻤﻋلﺎﺜﻣ :ةرﻮﺻ

ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟاﻖﻳﺮﻃﻦﻋ ﻲﻫو "ةﺮﻫﺎﻗ" ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟا ﺔﺛﻮﻧﻷاﺰﻣﺮﺗﺔﻗرﺎﺧﺔﻠﻄﺑ ،ﻚﻟذﲆﻋةوﻼﻋ .ﺔﻳﻮﻘﻟا هﺪﻨﻋ "ةﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟا" ﻢﺳا ﱃإﺮﻴﺸﻳ،ﻻوا :ﻦﻴﻴﻨﻌﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﺼﻤﻟاةﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟاﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﺎﻬﻧإلﻮﻘﻟاﻦﻜﻤﻳﻲﺘﻟا ،ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛو .ﺎﻬﺘﻔﺼﺑﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﻨﻌﻳﻢﺳﻻااﺬﻫ ﻲﻓﻼﺜﻣ،"ﺮﺼﺘﻨﻤﻟا" تﺎﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟاﺮﻛﺬﻳو،بﺮﺤﻟا ﺖﻨﺑﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷﻲﺘﻟا ﻲﻓﺎﻬﻬﺟاﻮﺗ "ةﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟا" .ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا

.

ﻚﻴﺒﺷ" ثاﺪﺣﻷاﺎﻬﺑﺎﺘﻛ

ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑبﻮﺘﻜﻣ "ﻚﻴﺒﻟ

ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻹاﺔﻐﻠﻟاوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا

بﺎﺘﻜﻟاﺎﻨﻳدﺖﻤﺟﺮﺗو ﻚﻟذﲆﻋةوﻼﻋ .ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨﺑ

ﺚﻴﺣﻢﻟﺎﻋﻞﻴﺨﺘﻳبﺎﺘﻜﻟا

نﻮﻟدﺎﺒﺘﻳﻦﻴﻳﺮﺼﻤﻟا

ﻞﺜﻣﺔﻳﺮﺤﺴﻟاتﺎﻴﻨﻣﻻا

مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗﺎﻨﻳدو،لﺎﻤﻟا

اﺬﻫﺢﻴﺿﻮﺘﻟﺔﻋﺪﺒﻣﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ

،لﺎﺜﻤﻟاﻞﻴﺒﺳﲆﻋ .ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟا

،ﺬﻳوﺎﻌﺗاﻮﻘﻟأتﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟا

ﺔﻣﻮﺳﺮﻣﺬﻳوﺎﻌﺘﻟاﻞﻛو

ﻲﻨﻔﻟاﻂﺨﻟﺎﺑﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟاﻞﻜﺸﺑ

ﻲﻓﻊﻴﺿاﻮﻤﻟاﻦﻣﺪﺣاو ،تﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟاةﻮﻗﻮﻫبﺎﺘﻜﻟا

ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟاضﺮﻌﻳﺮﻣﻷااﺬﻬﻓ

ﺔﻴﻜﺤﻤﻟاﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟاﻦﻴﺑ نﺈﻓ .ﻊﻗاﻮﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻫﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗو .

ﺖﺒﺘﻛو "رﻮﺛرﺎﻛﺎﻣ" ﺔﺤﻨﻣ ﲆﻋ ﺖﻠﺼﺣ ،ﻚ ."ﻚﻴﺒﻟﻚ ﻦﻴﺒﺷ“ ﻲﻓﺔﺛﺎﺜﻟاﺎﻬﺘﻨﺳﻲﻓﺔﺒﻟﺎﻃ،ﻮﻴﺟﺎﻤﻳدﺎﻨﺟﻲﻫﺔﻟﺎﻘﻤﻟا بدﻻاوﺔﻴﻧﺎﺒﺳﻹاﺔﻐﻠﻟاوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاسرﺪﺗوﺪﻧﻼ ﺔﻐﻠﻟاﺔﺳارﺪﻟﻮﻴﻧﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷﻲﻓبﺮﻐﻤﻟاﱃإﺐﻫﺬﺘﺳ .”نﻮﺘﺴﺑﺎﻛ“ مﺎﻋ

ﺔﻴﻨﻴﻜﻤﺗﺔﺼﻘﻟاهﺬﻫ

قﻮﻘﺣو ةأﺮﻤﻟا قﻮﻘﺣ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ تﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻟا ﺾ

رﻮﻬﺸﻤﻟاﻲﻨﻔﻟاﻞﻜﺸﻟاﻦﻋﻲﺴﻴﻨﻴﻓنﺎﻔﻳاﺐﻟﺎﻃوﻲﺴﺒﻜﻟاﻒﻄﻟذﺎﺘﺳأﻦﻴﺑﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﻂﺨﻟا

ﺬﻨﻣو،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاﻦﻣأﺰﺠﺘﻳﻻءﺰﺟﻮﻫﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻂﺨﻟانأﻚﺸﻠﻟﻻﺎﺠﻣعﺪﻳﻻﺎﻤﺑلﻮﻘﻟاﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻲﻓ .ةﺮﻴﺜﻛقﺮﻃﻲﻓﻂﺨﻟامﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ،ﻊﺑاﺮﻟانﺮﻘﻟاﻲﻟاﻮﺣﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟاﻖﻠﺧوﺔﻤﻳﺪﻘﻟارﻮﺼﻌﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑو،تﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاونﺎﻳدﻷاﻲﻓﺔﻴﻨﻓﺪﻴﻟﺎﻘﺗوطﺎﻤﻧأعﻮﻨﺘﺑعﺎﺘﻤﺘﺳﻻاﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﺮﺼﻌﻟا ﻲﻓلﺎﺜﻤﻟاﻞﻴﺒﺳﲆﻋ،ىﺮﺧأتﺎﻐﻟﻲﻓﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟافوﺮﺤﻟاتاذﻂﺨﻟاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻧﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﱃإ تﺎﻓﺎﻘﺛﺎﻬﺗرﻮﻃﻲﺘﻟاﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣعاﻮﻧأﻪﻴﻓﻂﺨﻟاﺎﻀﻳاو،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟافوﺮﺤﻟامﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗﻮﺘﺷﺎﭘويراد

.ﺎﻴﺳآبﻮﻨﺟوﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓألﺎﻤﺷوﻂﺳوﻷاقﺮﺸﻟاﻲﻓةﺮﻴﺜﻛ تﺎﻣاﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻاﻦﻣﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟاوﻲﻨﻔﻟاﻞﻜﺸﻟااﺬﻬﺑﻢﺘﻫاﺖﻨﻛ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاسردأتأﺪﺑﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟﻲﻓذﺎﺘﺳأﻊﻣﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻤﻟﺔﺻﺮﻔﺑاﺪﺟﺪﻴﻌﺳﺎﻧأ،ﻚﻟﺬﻟو .ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟاﻲﻓﻂﺨﻠﻟةﺰﻴﻤﺘﻤﻟا ،ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻤﻟاهﺬﻫﻲﻓ .

عﻮﺿﻮﻤﻟااﺬﻫﻦﻋاﺮﻴﺜﻛفﺮﻌﻳيﺬﻟاﻲﺴﺒﻜﻟاﻒﻄﻟذﺎﺘﺳاسرﺪﻳﺚﻴﺣ،ﺪﻧﻼﻳﺮﻴﻣ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟاوﻂﺨﻟاﺦﻳرﺎﺗﻢﻠﻌﺘﻧﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑوﻂﺨﻟاﻊﻣﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟاﻪﺘﺑﺮﺠﺗﻦﻋﻢﻠﻌﺘﻧ .عﻮﺿﻮﻤﻟااﺬﻫﻦﻋﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷا

أﺪﺑﻮﻫ،ﻲﺴﺒﻜﻟاﻒﻄﻟذﺎﺘﺳانﻮﻓﺮﻌﻳﻻﻦﻳﺬﻟاسﺎﻨﻟاءﻻﺆﻬﻟ ﻲﻓﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣذﺎﺘﺳاﻮﻫنﻵاو٢٠١٠مﺎﻋﺪﻧﻼﻳﺮﻴﻣﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟﻲﻓسرﺪﻳ ﻲﻓلﺎﺜﻤﻟاﻞﻴﺒﺳﲆﻋ،ةﺮﻴﺜﻛفﻮﻔﺻسرﺪﻳوﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻢﺴﻘﻟا ﺪﻠﺑ" ﻪﻤﺳاﻦﻤﻴﻟاﲆﻋﺰﻛﺮﻣﻒﺻسردﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟاﻲﺳارﺪﻟاﻞﺼﻔﻟا ﻦﻋتﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣاﻮﻤﻠﻌﺗبﻼﻄﻟاﻒﺼﻟااﺬﻫﻲﻓو "مﻼﺴﻟاوبﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاﺔﻴﻤﻨﺗوﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاﻦﻳﺪﻟاﻲﻓﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫأوﻦﻤﻴﻟاﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﻲﻓ،ﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ .ﻦﻤﻴﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟالوﺪﻟاتاﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗو ﻢﻬﻓﻞﺟأﻦﻣبﻼﻄﻟاﻊﻣﻲﺴﺒﻜﻟاذﺎﺘﺳأﻞﻤﻋﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ناﺪﻳراﺖﻨﻛ . ﻞﻴﻤﺟوﺢﻴﺤﺻﻞﻜﺸﺑﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟاﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛوﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻂﺨﻟا ...ﺎﻨﻫاوﺪﻫﺎﺷ .ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻂﺨﻟاﺔﺳرﺎﻤﻣذﺎﺘﺳﻷاأﺪﺑﻒﻴﻛﻢﻬﻓا ﻲﺴﺒﻜﻟاﻒﻄﻟذﺎﺘﺳأ ﻢﻬﻓأنأﺪﻳرﺄﻓ،ﻲﻨﻔﻟاﻞﻜﺸﻟااﺬﻫﻊﻣﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاوﻂﺨﻟاﻦﻋةﺮﻴﺜﻛتﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣنﻮﻓﺮﻌﺗﻢﺘﻧﺄﻓ ؟ﻲﻨﻔﻟاﻞﻜﺸﻟااﺬﻫاﻮﺳرﺎﻤﺗوﻂﺨﻟااﻮﺳرﺪﺗﻢﺗأﺪﺑﻒﻴﻛ ﺮﺒﻛﻷا ﻲﺧأ

ﺔﻳداﺪﻋﻻا ﺔﺳرﺪﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺣ

ﺮﺒﻛأﻮﻫ،ﺖﻴﺒﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟاﻂﺨﻟالﺎﻤﻋأدﺪﻋهﺪﻨﻋﺖﻗﻮﻟاﻞﻛتﺪﻫﺎﺷﺖﻨﻛوﻂﺨﻟاسرﺎﻤﻳنﺎﻛ .ﺔﻳداﺪﻋﻻا

ﻲﻨﻣ ﻂﺨﻟاﻖﻳﺪﺻنﺎﻛﻪﻧإﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻟﺎﻓ

ﻂﺨﻟاسرﺎﻤﻳنﺎﻛﺖﻴﺒﻟاﻲﻔﻓ .ﻂﺨﻟاﻢﻬﻨﻣﻢﻠﻌﺘﻳنﺎﻛﻮﻫوﺎﻨﺘﻨﻳﺪﻣﻲﻓﻦﻳرﻮﻬﺸﻣﻦﻴﻃﺎﻄﺨﻟاو نﺎﻛﻲﺘﻟاﻞﻤﺠﻟاوﻲﺧأﺎﻬﻣﺪﺨﺘﺳاﻲﺘﻟامﻼﻗﻷاﺖﺒﺒﺣا .ﻲﻨﻌﻳﺮﻇﺎﻨﻟﺮﻴﺜﻣءﻲﺷﺎﻌﺒﻃﻂﺨﻟاﺎﻨﻟو تﺪﻫﺎﺷﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ...(اﺪﺟءﻲﺳﻲﻄﺧنﺎﻛو) ﻊﺋارﻲﻨﻓءﻲﺷاﺬﻫنﺎﻛ .ﺔﺳرﺪﻤﻟاﻲﻓﻲﻟﺎﻬﺒﺘﻜﻳ نﺎﻛﺎﻣ .ﻂﺨﻟاﺪﻋاﻮﻗوﻂﺨﻟاﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻗﻢﻬﻓأنألوﺎﺣأﺖﻨﻛو،ةﺪﻫﺎﺸﻤﻟاﻂﻘﻓ،ﻢﺘﻫأتأﺪﺑ،ﻲﺧأ .ﻲﺧأﺐﺒﺴﺑﺔﻳاﺪﺒﻟاﻲﻓنﺎﻛ،ﻲﺧأﻦﻜﻟﻂﺨﻟاﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗﻲﻓﺮﻴﺒﻛمﺎﻤﺘﻫايﺪﻨﻋ

نألوﺎﺣأتأﺪﺑﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟاﻲﻓ،ﻚﻟذﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻠﻌﺗأوﻪﻣﻼﻗأﺪﻌﺑمﺪﺨﺘﺳأﺖﻨﻛوﺐﺘﻛأ يﺪﻨﻋنﻮﻜﻳﻢﻟﻦﻜﻟﺔﻄﻴﺴﺒﻟاءﺎﻴﺷﻷا ﻂﻘﻓ،ﺪﻋاﻮﻘﻟاﺲﻳرﺪﺘﻟوﺪﻋاﻮﻘﻟبﺎﺘﻛ ﻢﻠﻌﺗأوﺎﻬﺨﺴﻧألوﺎﺣأوﻞﻤﺟرﺎﺘﺧأﺖﻨﻛ ﻲﻓناﺮﻛﺬﺗأﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻟاﻲﻓوﻂﻴﺴﺑءﻲﺷ ﺪﻌﺑوءﻼﻣﺰﻟانﺎﻛﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟاﺔﺳرﺪﻤﻟا ءﺎﻴﺷأﺐﺘﻛأنأﻲﻨﻣنﻮﺒﻠﻄﻳﻦﻴﺳرﺪﻤﻟا ﻒﺻومﻮﻠﻌﻟاﻒﺻﻲﻓﺔﺻﺎﺧ،ﻒﺼﻠﻟ ﺔﻄﻳﺮﺨﻟاﻢﺳرأﺖﻨﻛﻼﺜﻣ،ﺔﻴﻓاﺮﻏﻮﻴﺠﻟا ﻢﻟﻦﻜﻟ،لوﺪﻟاوناﺪﻠﺒﻟاءﺎﻤﺳأﺪﻌﺑﺐﺘﻛأو ،ﻲﻗاﺮﻌﻟاطﺎﻄﺨﻟابﺎﺘﻛلوأﺖﻳﺮﺘﺷا…ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟاﺔﺳرﺪﻤﻟﺎﺑﺎﻤﺑر،ﻚﻟذﺪﻌﺑو .ﻞﻴﻤﺠﻟاﻂﺨﻟانﻮﻜﻳ ﻂﺧاﺬﻫ - ﻂﺨﻟاﻦﻣﺪﺣاوعﻮﻧﺖﻤﻠﻌﺗو،ﻦﻳرﻮﻬﺸﻤﻟاﻦﻴﻃﺎﻄﺨﻟاﻦﻣﻮﻫويداﺪﻐﺒﻟاﺲﺑﻪﻤﺳاو ﺖﻗﻮﻟاﻚﻟذﻲﻓﺎﻀﻳايﺪﻨﻋنﻮﻜﻳﻢﻟﻦﻜﻟ .ﺐﺘﻜﻟاﻲﻓﻪﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻧوﻪﺒﺘﻜﻧيﺬﻟاﻂﺨﻟااﺬﻫ .ﺦﺴﻨﻟا ﺪﻌﺑوبﺎﺘﻜﻟاﻢﻠﻌﺗأنأتأﺪﺑﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟاﻲﻔﻓ…ﺐﺘﻜﻟاﻦﻣﺪﻋاﻮﻘﻟاﻲﻧﻮﻤﻠﻋﺖﻨﻜﻓﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟامﻼﻗﻷا ﺪﻘﺘﻋأ،Youtube بﻮﺗﻮﻴﻟاﻲﻓةدﻮﺟﻮﻤﻟاتﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟاﻲﺴﻔﻧﻢﻠﻌﺗأنأﺖﻟوﺎﺣتاﻮﻨﺳﻊﻣﻚﻟذ .ﻦﻤﻴﻟاﻦﻣﺮﺜﻛأﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣأﻲﻓﺖﻧﺮﺘﻧﻹايﺪﻨﻋنﺎﻛنﻷﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣأﺖﻠﺧدﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﺮﺒﻛأﻞﻜﺸﺑﻲﻨﺗﺪﻋﺎﺳ فﺮﻋأﻲﻨﻧأفﺮﻌﻴﺳ،طﺎﻄﺨﻟاﻲﻧﺪﻫﺎﺸﻳﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻦﻜﻟوﺔﺌﻤﻟﺎﺑﺔﺌﻣطﻮﺒﻀﻣﺲﻴﻟﻲﻄﺧﺢﺒﺻأ .اﺪﺟﺪﻴﺟﻞﻜﺸﺑطﻮﻄﺨﻟاﻢﺳرأﻒﻴﻛفﺮﻋأﻦﻜﻟ،طﺎﻄﺨﻟاﺖﺴﻟﻦﻜﻟوﻂﺨﻟاﺾﻌﺑ عاﻮﻧاكﺎﻨﻫﻞﻫ .مﺎﻋﻞﻜﺸﺑﻂﺨﻟاﻦﻋﻢﻠﻜﺘﻧﺎﻨﻴﻠﺧ،نﻵﺎﻓ .تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟاهﺬﻬﻟﻼﻳﺰﺟاﺮﻜﺷ

ﻞﻴﻤﺟﻞﻜﺸﺑيدﺎﻨﻟاﻲﻓﻂﺨﻟاﻢﺳﺮﻣذﺎﺘﺳا اﺪﺟ

؟ﺮﺧاءﻲﺷواﻦﻳﺪﻟاواﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟاﺐﺴﺣﲆﻋﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺒﻓ .قاﺮﻌﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣﻲﻫوﺎﻓﻮﻛﱃاﻊﺟﺮﻳﻲﻓﻮﻜﻟاوﻲﻓﻮﻜﻟاﻂﺨﻟاﻞﺜﻣﻂﺨﻟاعاﻮﻧاﺪﺟﻮﻴﻓ مﻼﺳﻹاﻲﻨﻌﻳ،مﻼﺳﻹاﺪﻌﺑﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻲﻓنﻮﺒﺘﻜﻳبﺮﻌﻟاأﺪﺑﺬﻨﻣأﺪﺑﻂﺨﻟاﺦﻳرﺎﺗﻲﻟ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗوﻂﺨﻟاﲆﻋاوﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳواﻮﺳرﺎﻤﻳنأﺖﻗﻮﻟاﻚﻟذﻲﻓبﺮﻌﻟاﻊﺠﺷاﺬﻫنآﺮﻘﻟارﻮﻬﻇو ﻂﺨﻟاﻦﻜﻟوﺖﻗﻮﻟاﻚﻟذﺬﻨﻣﻂﺨﻠﻟﺔﻠﻴﻤﺟﺔﻴﺳﺪﻨﻫلﺎﻜﺷأوأﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻗﺮﻬﻇﻚﻟﺬﻛوﻂﺨﻟاﻞﻴﻤﺠﺗو ﻢﻳﺮﻜﻟانآﺮﻘﻟاوأﻒﺤﺼﻤﻟانﻮﺒﺘﻜﻳخﺎﺴﻨﻟاأﺪﺑﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻊﺑﺎﺴﻟانﺮﻘﻟاﻲﻓﺮﻬﻇﺖﻗﻮﻟاﻚﻟذﻲﻓ ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟاﻚﻟذﻲﻓﻂﺨﻟانإأﺪﺒﻳنﺎﻛنأﺪﻘﺘﻋأو .طﺎﻨﻘﻟاﺎﻬﻴﻓﺲﻴﻟ،ﺔﻄﻗﺎﻨﻣﺮﻴﻏﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟاﺖﻧﺎﻛ رﻮﻄﺗروﺮﻣﻊﻣتاﻮﻨﺴﻟاحاﺮﻣﻢﻬﻓ .مﻮﻴﻟﺎﻛﻞﻴﻤﺠﻟاﻞﻜﺸﺑﺲﻴﻟﻂﺨﻟانﺎﻛﻦﻜﻟوﻲﻓﻮﻜﻟاﻂﺨﻟا ﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟانﺎﺑﺪﻘﺘﻋاوﺚﻠﺜﻟاﻂﺨﻟاﺔﺻﺎﺧمﻮﻴﻟاهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻧيﺬﻟاﻂﺨﻟاﱃإﻞﺻووﺢﺒﺻأوﻂﺨﻟا ﺚﻠﺜﻟاﻂﺨﻟاوطﻮﻄﺨﻟاﻦﻣعﻮﻧاﺬﻫﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗﻲﻓﻞﻀﻔﻟاﻢﻬﻟﻊﺟﺮﻳﻢﻬﻟﻢﻫﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺜﻌﻟاﺔﻓﻼﺨﻟالﻼﺧ ﺔﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟاﺪﺟﺎﺴﻤﻟاﺮﻬﻈﺗاذإﻚﻟﺬﻟومﻮﻴﻟاهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻧيﺬﻟاﻊﺋاﺮﻟاﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑهورﻮﻃوﺮﻴﺜﻜﻟاﻪﺒﺤﻳيﺬﻟا .ﺚﻠﺜﻟاﻮﻫﺮﻬﺷﻷاطﻮﻄﺨﻟارﻮﻄﺘﺳ

رﺎﺼﻧﻦﺴﺤﻤﻟاﺪﺒﻋطﺎﻄﺨﻟاﺎﻬﺒﺘﻜﻳﻲﻓﻮﻜﻟاﻂﺨﻟالﺎﺜﻣﺪﻫﺎﺸﻧ،ﺎﻨﺣ ىﺮﺧأطﻮﻄﺧكﺎﻨﻫو،ﺐﺘﻜﻟاﻲﻓﺐﺘﻜﻳيﺬﻟاﺦﺴﻨﻟاﻂﺧﺎﻬﻨﻣطﻮﻄﺨﻟاﻦﻣةﺮﻴﺜﻛعاﻮﻧأكﺎﻨﻫ ،ﺚﻠﺜﻟا

ﻲﻓﻞﺜﻣﺔﻴﻤﺳرتﺎﺑﺎﺘﻛﻲﻓءﺎﺳؤﺮﻟاﺪﻌﺑﻪﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳنﻵاوكﻮﻠﻤﻟاﻪﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳنﺎﻛوأﻪﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ .ﺔﻌﻗﺮﻟاﻂﺧوﻲﻧاﻮﻳﺪﻟاﻂﺧﺎﻀﻳأ…ﺚﻠﺜﻟاﻂﺧﺐﺣأوﺎﻬﻠﻛﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗﺎﻬﺒﺘﻛأ .ﺾﻴﺑﻷاﺖﻴﺒﻟا ؟ﻚﻳأرﻲﻓمﻮﻴﻟاﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاﻲﻓهرودﻮﻫﺎﻣوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاﻲﻓﻂﺨﻟارودنﺎﻛاذﺎﻣو ﻲﻓﻞﺜﻣنﻮﻨﻔﻟابﻮﻌﺷﻞﻜﻟﻲﻨﻌﻳ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹانﻮﻨﻔﻟاةورذﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻂﺨﻟاوأﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاﻂﺨﻟا ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻂﺨﻟاﺪﻘﺘﻌﻳﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاﻦﻔﻟاﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻠﻟ .نﻮﻨﻔﻟاعﻮﻧيأﻲﻓوأتﺎﻣﻮﺳﺮﻟا نﺎﻤﻛﻦﻜﻟونﻮﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟاوبﺮﻌﻟااهورﺎﺘﺧالﻮﻘﻧﻦﻜﻤﻣﻲﺘﻟاﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاﻦﻔﻟاةورذﻞﻜﺷو ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻟاﻲﻓﻲﻨﻌﻳ،ﻞﺜﻤﻳﻮﻫ،ﻢﻫﺮﻴﻏو .سرﺎﻓﻲﻓسﺮﻔﻟاﻚﻟﺬﻛوكاﺮﺗﻷاﻼﺜﻣنوﺮﺧآنﻮﻤﻠﺴﻣ ﻦﻴﻃﺎﻄﺨﻟاةﺎﻴﺣﻲﻓﻂﺨﻟارودﻦﻋﺔﺒﻴﺠﻋﺺﺼﻗ (طﺎﻄﺧ) ﺮﺼﻣﻲﻓﻲﺋﻼﻣزﺪﺣاوﻦﻣﺖﻌﻤﺳ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣﻂﺨﻟاو .ﻲﻠﺼﺘﺗﻚﻧﺎﺑﺮﻌﺸﺗناﺐﺘﻜﺗﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣأ :رﻮﻌﺷوسﺎﺴﺣايﺪﻨﻋنﺎﻛﺎﻧاو ﻢﻫ؟ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻂﺨﻟانﻮﺒﺘﻜﻳﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋنﻮﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟاوبﺮﻌﻟاﻞﻴﻤﺟءﻲﺷﻞﻌﻓوﻦﻨﻔﺗاذﺎﻤﻟ .نآﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ سﺎﻨﻟاﻮﻣﺪﻘﻳو .ﻪﻴﻠﻋاﻮﻈﻓﺎﺤﻳوﻞﻴﻤﺟﻞﻜﺸﺑﻢﻳﺮﻜﻟانآﺮﻘﻟااﻮﺒﺘﻜﻳوااﻮﻈﺤﻳنأنوﺪﻳﺮﻳاﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﻦﻣﺪﺣاوﻮﻫﺪﻘﺘﻋﺄﻓ .ﻞﻴﻤﺠﻟاﻲﻨﻓﻞﻜﺸﺑﻚﻟﺬﻛوءاﺮﻘﻠﻟﺢﺿاووﻞﻴﻤﺟوأﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﻞﻜﺸﺑاوأﺮﻘﻳ اﻮﻧﺎﻛو .ﻦﻳﺪﻟاﺐﺒﺴﺑ،هﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗوﻂﺨﻟﺎﺑنﻮﻤﺘﻬﻳبﺮﻌﻟاوأﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟاﺖﻠﻌﺟﻲﺘﻟابﺎﺒﺳﻷا ﺔﻤﻠﻛ،ﻲﻠﻴﻣزﻦﻣﺺﺼﻗﻦﻣﻲﻨﻌﻳو…ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣوﻞﻴﻤﺟﻞﻜﺸﺑﻢﻳﺮﻜﻟانآﺮﻘﻟاﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛﲆﻋﻦﻴﺼﻳﺮﺣ "ﷲ" ﻢﺳﻻاﺐﺘﻜﻳوأﻖﻠﺨﻳﻒﻴﻜﺑﺦﻳرﺎﺗﺮﺒﻋﻦﻴﻃﺎﻄﺨﻟاﻦﻴﺑفﻼﺘﺧاكﺎﻨﻫنﺎﻛ ."ﻪﻠﻟ" ﻞﺜﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﻣزلﺎﻘﻓ .ﻞﻴﻤﺟﻞﻜﺸﺑ "ﷲ" ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟااﻮﺒﺘﻜﻳاﻮﻧﺎﻛ،ﺮﻴﺜﻛلوﺎﺤﻓ ...سﺪﻘﻣوﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﻞﻜﺸﺑ ٢٢

ﻲﺒﻨﻟاﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗعﻮﻨﻤﻤﻟاﻦﻣمﻼﺳﻹاﻲﻓو ﻞﻬﻓ،ﻚﻟﺬﻛو (ﻢﻠﺳوﻪﻴﻠﻋﷲﲆﺻ) ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻦﻔﻟاﻲﻓزرﺎﺒﻟاﻂﺨﻟارودﻦﻣءﺰﺟاﺬﻫ ؟ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاوﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃوأﺔﻳﺮﺸﺑﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃﻲﻨﻌﻳ .ﺢﻴﺤﺻ،ﺢﻴﺤﺻ فﻼﺧكﺎﻨﻫﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻲﻓ .ﻦﻔﻟانﻮﺒﺤﻳسﺎﻨﻟا

ﲆﻋﻪﺟوﻢﺳﺮﻳناماﺮﺣﻪﻧﺎﺑلﻮﻘﻳﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااذا ﺐﺒﺴﺑﻦﻜﻟو…ﺖﺤﻨﺗناماﺮﺣﻮﻫﻞﻫوأﺔﻗرﻮﻟا

ﺪﻌﺒﻟﻦﻜﻟوﻞﻜﻟﺲﻴﻟعﻮﺿﻮﻤﻟااﺬﻬﻟتﺎﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ

نﻮﺒﺤﻳﻻﻢﻬﻨﻣﺮﻴﺜﻜﻓ،ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻻاﺐﻫاﺬﻤﻟا

يﺬﻟابﺎﺒﺳﻷاﻦﻣﺪﺣاواﺬﻫﺪﻘﺘﻋأو…ﻢﺳﺮﻟا

ﻞﻴﻤﺠﻟاﻞﻜﺸﺑوﺔﻳؤرﻲﻓﷲﻢﺳاﺔﻳؤرهﺪﻨﻋنﺎﻛمﻮﻨﻟاﻲﻓﻦﻳرﻮﻬﺸﻤﻟاﻦﻴﻃﺎﻄﺨﻟاﻦﻣﺪﺣاونإ .ﺔﻠﺼﻟاﻞﺜﻣﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳﻂﺨﻟﺎﻓ…نﻮﻃﺎﻄﺨﻟاﻪﺒﺘﻜﻳيﺬﻟاﺐﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟاﻞﻜﺸﻟاﺢﺒﺻاومﻮﻴﻟاﺐﺘﻜﻳيﺬﻟا نآﺮﻘﻟا .ﺮﺧآءﻲﺷوأةﺮﺠﺷوأﺖﻴﺑﻢﺳرأﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .ةدﺎﻌﺴﻟﺎﺑﺮﻌﺷأ،ﻢﺳرأﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻲﻨﻌﻳ،نﻮﻨﻔﻟاﻞﻛ اذﺎﻤﻟفﺮﻋأﻻ .ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاوأنآﺮﻘﻟاﻲﻓﻲﻨﻳدءﻲﺷﻲﻓﻊﻄﻘﻳﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻂﺨﻟاوﻚﻟﺬﻛﻢﻳﺮﻜﻟا ءﻲﺷﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛنﻮﻟوﺎﺤﻳﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .اﺪﺟﻞﻴﻤﺟ .ﻊﺋارﻲﻨﻓءﻲﺷ،صﺎﺧءﻲﺸﺷنﻮﻠﻤﻌﻳﺎﻤﻳادﻦﻴﻃﺎﻄﺨﻟا ﺔﻗﻼﻋﺎﻤﺑركﺎﻨﻬﻓ…ةﺮﻴﺒﻛﺔﻴﻤﻫأﻪﻟﻂﺨﻟاﲆﻋﻞﻴﻟداﺬﻫو .ﻞﻜﺸﻟاﻚﻟﺬﺑنﻮﻜﻳﻼﻓ،نآﺮﻘﻟاﺮﻴﻏ ﻞﻤﺟأ،ﻞﻤﺟأوأعاﻮﻧﻷانﻮﺒﺘﻜﻳﻦﻴﻃﺎﻄﺨﻟاﻦﻣﺮﻴﺜﻛو .ﻲﻧﺎﺣورءﻲﺷوﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻂﺨﻟاﻦﻓﻦﻴﺑ .ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺣورﺔﻟﺎﺣﻲﻓوانآﺮﻘﻟانﻮﻤﺳﺮﻳوأنﻮﻠﺼﻳﻢﻫومﻮﻴﻟاةدﻮﺟﻮﻣﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاطﻮﻄﺨﻟا ﺪﻘﺘﻋأوبﻮﻌﺸﻟاﻞﻛﻞﺜﻣﻦﻔﻟانﻮﺒﺤﻳو،بﺮﻌﻟاسﺎﻨﻟاةﺎﻴﺣﻲﻓﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻂﺨﻟاﺮﻴﺒﻛرودﺐﻌﻠﻓ ﻊﺋارﻲﻨﻔﻟاﻞﻜﺸﻟا. ﻲﻧﺎﻨﺒﻠﻟارﻮﺻﻲﻧاﻮﻠﺣنﺰﻳﻲﻧﺎﻨﺒﻟنﺎﻨﻓﻊﻤﺠﻳ ءﻮﻀﻟاةرﺎﺷأﻞﺟأﻦﻣﻂﺨﻟاﻊﻣيرﻮﻬﺸﻤﻟا ﻦﻣةرﻮﺻ/ﺪﻘﻌﻣورﻮﻬﺸﻣنﺎﻨﺒﻟﻲﺿﺎﻣﲆﻋ “ةﺮﻳﺰﺠﻟا” ﺔﻔﻴﺤﺼﻟا

،ﻞﻴﻤﺠﻟاﻦﻔﻟاﻦﻋنﻮﺜﺤﺒﻳﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟاﻞﻌﺟ ،تﻮﻴﺒﻟاﺔﻳﺎﻨﺑ،ءﺎﻨﺒﻟانﺎﻤﻛوﺎﻬﻨﻣﺪﺣاوﻂﺨﻟاو ﻞﻴﺒﺳﲆﻋ،ةرﻮﻬﺸﻣﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاﺔﻳﺎﻨﺒﻟاﻦﻓﻲﻨﻌﻳ ...ﺲﻟﺪﻧﻷاﺖﻧﺎﻛﺚﻴﺣﺎﻴﻧﺎﺒﺳإﻲﻓلﺎﺜﻤﻟا اذﺎﻤﻟ ."ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟاﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﷲﻢﺴﺑ" ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻟاﺎﻨﺒﺘﻛ .ﻂﺨﻠﻟيدﺎﻧكﺎﻨﻫنﺎﻛ،ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟاﺔﻠﻄﻋﻞﺒﻗ ؟ﻢﻬﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗﺔﻳاﺪﺑﻲﻓﻂﺨﻟابﻼﻃاﻮﺒﺘﻛاذﺎﻣو،ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻟاهﺬﻫﻊﻣﺎﻧأﺪﺑ بﻮﺘﻜﻣءﻲﺷدﺎﺠﻳإﻲﻓﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻﺎﻧﺪﻨﻋﻲﻨﻌﻳ،ﺖﻠﻗﺎﻣﻞﺜﻣ؛ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟاﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﷲﻢﺴﺑ؛رﺎﻴﺘﺧا اﺬﻫوﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻦﻣوأنآﺮﻘﻟاﺎﻬﻨﻣءﻲﺷﺎﻬﻴﻓنﻮﻜﺗﻻ،ءﻲﺷياواتارﺎﺒﻋواﺺﻧﻞﺜﻣﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟﺎﺑ اﺬﻫ…ءاﺮﻘﻠﻟﻲﻨﻳﺪﻟاﺮﻴﻏوﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟاﺮﻴﻏبﻼﻄﻠﻟءﻲﺷﺪﺟأنأﻒﺼﻟاﻲﻓلوﺎﺣأﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣأ .اﺪﺟﺐﻳﺮﻏ ﻞﻛ .فﺮﺤﻟاﻞﻜﻟحوركﺎﻨﻫنﺄﺑنﻮﻨﻣﺆﻳﻦﻴﻃﺎﻄﺨﻟاﻦﻣﺮﻴﺜﻛنﺄﺑﺎﻬﻨﻋﺎﻨﻤﻠﻜﺗيﺬﻟاﻂﻘﻨﻟاﱃإدﻮﻌﻳ نإلﻮﻘﻳﺾﻌﺑﻊﻣفوﺮﺤﻟاﺾﻌﺑﻞﺧﺪﺘﺗﺎﻣﺪﻨﻌﻓ .ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاطﻮﻄﺨﻟاﻲﻓحورﺎﻫﺪﻨﻋفوﺮﺤﻟا نآﺮﻘﻟاﻦﻣءﺎﻴﺷأتﺎﺑﺎﺘﻛﲆﻋنوﺰﻛﺮﻳﻢﻫﻚﻟﺬﻟو .اﺪﺟﻞﻴﻤﺟحورﺎﻬﻴﻓﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟاﻲﻓﻂﺨﻟا …نآﺮﻘﻟاﻲﻓبﻮﺘﻜﻣﺲﻴﻟءﻲﺷوﻲﻨﻳدﺮﻴﻏءﻲﺷدﺎﺠﻳإﻲﻓﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻكﺎﻨﻫﻚﻟﺬﻟو…ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاو ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﷲﻢﺴﺑ" ﻒﺼﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻨﺒﺘﻜﻓ .نآﺮﻘﻟاﻦﻣﺖﺴﻴﻟةرﺎﺒﻌﻟاهﺬﻫ،"كرﺎﺒﻣﺪﻴﻋ" كﺎﻨﻫﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ (ﻂﺨﻠﻟ) بﺎﺘﻜﻟاﻲﻓةدﻮﺟﻮﻤﻟاطﻮﻄﺨﻟاﻦﻜﻟ،اﺮﻴﺜﻛﻪﺒﺣاﺎﻧاﻂﺨﻟااﺬﻫ،ﺔﻌﻗﺮﻟاﻂﺨﺑ "ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟا

“ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟاﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟا

سﺎﻨﻟاﻪﻤﻬﻔﻳوﻞﻬﺳءﻲﺷﻲﻓﺮﻜﻓأﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣا،ﺐﻌﺻﺮﻌﺸﻟاﻦﻜﻟ،ﺮﻌﺷكﺎﻨﻫ،نآﺮﻘﻟاﻦﻣﻪﻠﻛ ﺮﻌﺸﻟاﻲﻓءﻲﺷوأتارﺎﺒﻌﻟاﺾﻌﺑبﻼﻄﻟامﺪﻘﻳﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗيﺪﻨﻋ،ﺖﺑﺮﺟﺎﻧأو،بﻼﻄﻟاو ﻞﺜﻣﻞﻬﺳءﻲﺷرﺎﺘﺧأنأﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣالوﺎﺣﺄﻓ .صﻮﺼﻨﻟاﻢﻬﻓوﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟاﺔﻟوﺎﺤﻣﻲﻓﺎﻨﺘﻗوﻊﻴﻀﻧو ﻲﻨﻌﻳ،ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟاﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﷲﻢﺴﺑو…اﺬﻫﻞﺜﻣءﻲﺷﻲﻨﻌﻳ،"ﻪﻠﻟﺪﻤﺤﻟا" ,"ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟاﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﷲﻢﺴﺑ" ﺐﻌﺻﻮﻫﻦﻜﻟ،ﺮﻌﺸﻟاكﺎﻨﻫﻚﻟذﺪﻌﺑو .بﺎﺒﻟحﺎﺘﻔﻣﻞﺜﻣاﺬﻫنﺄﺑﻦﻣﺆﻧ. ﻦﻋةﺮﻴﺜﻛةﺪﻳﺪﺟتﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣﺖﻤﻠﻌﺗ ﻊﻣﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻤﻟاهﺬﻫلﻼﺧﻦﻣﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻂﺨﻟا ،ﻚﻟذﱃإﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑوﻲﺴﺒﻜﻟاذﺎﺘﺳأ ﻂﺨﻟاعاﻮﻧأﺾﻌﺑفﺮﻌﻧﺎﻧإلﻮﻘﻟاﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﻷبﺎﺒﺳﻷاوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗﻲﺘﻟاتﺎﻐﻠﻟاﻞﻛﻲﻓوﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﻂﺨﻟانأﻚﺷﻻ .ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟافوﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاﻲﻓاﺮﻴﺒﻛوﺎﻤﻬﻣارودﺐﻌﻟ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاﻦﻳﺪﻟاوﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟابدﻷاوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﻢﺘﻧاﷲءﺎﺷنأ

ﻲﻓبﻼﻃ

مﻮﻴﻟاﺎﻬﻴﻓﺮﻤﺘﺴﺗو ﺎﻀﻳأاﺮﻴﺜﻛتﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣﻢﺘﻤﻠﻌﺗ .ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻤﻟاةءاﺮﻘﺑﻢﺘﻌﻴﻄﺘﺳاو

ﻲﻓبرﺪﺘﻣوﺐﻟﺎﻃ،ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻤﻟاهﺬﻬﻟﻒﻟﺆﻣ،ﻲﺴﻴﻨﻴﻓنﺎﻔﻳا ﺔﻐﻠﻟاوﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﻲﻓﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣوﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﲆﻋﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗﻊﻣ “سﻮﻠﻴﻓلارﺪﻓ” ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻲﻓنﺎﻛو،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﱃإﺐﻫﺬﻴﺳ .ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻟاﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟاوﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟاتﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟا .“نﻮﺘﺴﺑﺎﻛ” مﺎﻌﻟﻮﻴﻧﻮﻳﻲﻓبﺮﻐﻤﻟا

Language Partner Guide

Marhaba All,

It’s Maya here. I have so, so enjoyed working with all of you! Flagship has given me so much both as a student and as coordinator, and I hope you all feel the same. I want to thank you all for your commitment to Arabic and your endless humor, passion, and curiosity. You are all amazing, and I have no doubt you will go on to do amazing things!

As this Flagship journey comes to a close, I wanted to share some resources for finding language partners.

Preply - You have to pay, but you can find language partners that charge a very affordable hourly rate. You can filter by country, and you can even book a trial session to make sure it’s a good fit. This can serve as tutoring with planned lessons,oryoucanletthemknowyouprefertofocusonspeaking.

Italki - While I personally haven’t used it, I have heard good things about it. It works in the same way as Preply, where you find virtual tutors to connect with themforanhourlyrate.

ConversationExchange.com - This is a free language partner resource, but it can take some time to find the right fit. You trade language skills, so you would practice your Arabic with a native speaker in exchange for your help in practicing another language like English with them. You can filter by age, dialect, and country, as well as what language they are practicing (this will be the language you are familiar with). You can then message potential partners via email to ask if they’d like to connect. You will also recieve responses from others. Because anyone can join, I find it is best to stick to female language partners if you are a female student (just a tip). As with any online interaction, practice sound judgement before giving out any information. I used this service after my Capstone year, and I would meet weekly a Jordanian woman with whom I am still intouch!

Your current language partners might also be willing to continue meeting, so if youarewillingtopaythehourlyrate(around$25),thismightalsobeanoption!

HJP :رﻮﺗﺎﻜﻳرﺎﻛ ﺔﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻢﻳﺮﻣ

ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺔﺳارﺪﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻧﺎﻨﻓوﺔﺒﻟﺎﻃﺔﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻢﻳﺮﻣ ﻲﻫ .ﺾﻳﺮﻤﺘﻟامﻮﻠﻋﻲﻓﺔﺒﻟﺎﻃﻲﻫﻚﻟذﲆﻋةوﻼﻋو .ﺐﻴﺸﻏﻼﻓﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻟيداﻮﻨﻟاﻲﻓرﻮﻀﺤﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻤﺋاد ،ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاﺖﻴﺒﻟاﻂﺋﺎﺣﻲﻓﺔﻄﺑﻢﺳرنوﺪﻫﺎﺸﺗﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ !كﺎﻨﻫﺖﻧﺎﻛﻢﻳﺮﻣنااﻮﻓﺮﻌﺘﻓ

A Year, and Program, In Review...

For years, the Arabic Flagship Program at the University of Maryland, College Park, has provided students the opportunity to advance their Arabic language skills to the most advanced levels, while cultural events, clubs, and language partner meetings have provided students the chance to deepen their knowledge of the Middle East and North Africa, become culturally competent, and prepare for their academic and professional futures. While it is deeply saddening that the program will be coming to an end, we AFP students want to use this space to show our gratitude to the faculty and staff who have put so much work into making the program what it was. Here, students in their own words express what AFP at UMD has meant to them and how it has impacted them, and also to express our sincerest gratitude to AFP faculty & staff. Additionally, we have some pictures showcasing AFP events and clubs.

Luckystar Helil, Senior

The Arabic Flagship Program at not only enriched my language skills and cultural understanding but also facilitated the formation of lasting friendships with my classmates. Through shared experiences like intensive language study, group projects, and steady abroad opportunities, I forged deep connections with classmates who shared my passion for the Arabic language. I’m addition, this program provides a good opportunity for us to practice our language through language patterns where we get the Chance to speak with the native speaker of that language twice every week. I am very thankful for this amazing opportunity and program.

Feriel Friloux, Senior

ForthefirstyearortwoofstudyinginArabicatUMD, IrememberdodgingFlagshipforsolongbecauseI didn’tthinkIwouldbegoodenoughtojoinorthatit wouldbetoohardformetokeepupwith.Igotso manypersistentemailsaskingmetojointhatI eventuallyhadtositandthink,“Yeah,whynot?”Now beingaPre-Capstonestudentandlookingbackon thattime,joiningFlagshipwasthebestdecisionI evermade.Istillremembermyveryfirsttutoring sessionwithMayaandhowinfluentialshewasin teachinghelpfulphrasesthatIstilluseinmywritings andOPIsnow.Iwasstillhesitantaboutbeingin Flagship,butthesupportIhavehadthesepasttwo yearsreallymadeadifferenceandIamtrulythankful foreveryoneinFlagshipforhelpingmegettowhereI amtoday.IwillcontinuetospeakFlagship’spraise untilIcannolonger!Honestly,putitonmy tombstone!

Evan Finnessy, Senior

As a senior who has been in the Arabic Flagship Program since 2021, it is difficult to imagine what my time at UMD would’ve been like without the program. I can say without a doubt that being a part of this program has been the best decision I could have made for my professional, academic, and personal life. I have made so many great memories in AFP, from caligraphy and cooking clubs to outings in D.C. I am so thankful to my professors, who have been so pivotal in me advancing my Arabic abilities and cultural/historical understanding, to my language partners who have helped me improve my Shaami dialect and to learn more about Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Palestine, and to Maya, who I am so glad joined flagship as the program coordinator. This program, its faculty and staff, and the amazing friends I have met as part of AFP have helped me not only to become a better Arabic speaker, but to become a better person, and I am so grateful I had the chance to be part of such an amazing, dedicated, and passionate organization.

Tula Locke, Sophmore

“The Arabic Flagship program has had a significant impact on my college experience thus far. I transferred to UMD in the spring 2023 semester and was nervous about making friends and finding a sense of community on such a large campus. For me, the Flagship program has been instrumental for me to find ‘my place’ here both academically and personally. I’ve made amazing friends throughout my time in the program, who I also learn immensely from in my classes. Furthermore, the faculty and staff in the Arabic department are phenomenal, extremely supportive, and genuinely invested in their students success. I am so grateful to have been a part of this wonderful community.”

Amaya Greenberg, Senior

These past four years studying under the Arabic Flagship Program has brought me opportunities and memories that I could not have gotten anywhere else. I have made lifelong friends and connected with my professors in a way that is only possible through a close-knit program like Flagship. The chances to immerse myself in Arab culture through cooking, art, tv, and travel have been so valuable to my education and shaped my future goals. I am so incredibly thankful for the wonderful Flagship staff at UMD and all of the hard work that they have put into helping me become the best Arabic student I could possibly be!

Landon Townsend, Freshman

Maggie Senturia

ﻲﻠﻋﺖﻤﻌﻧأﻲﺘﻟاﻢﻌﻨﻟاﻢﻈﻋأﻦﻣاﺬﻫﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻟانﺎﻛ اﺮﻜﺷلﻮﻗأﻚﻟﺬﻟودﺎﻀﻟاﺔﻐﻠﻟاﻊﻣﻲﺘﻠﺣرﻲﻓ ﲆﻋﺎﻬﺗﺬﺨﺗاﻰﺘﻟاﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟانﺈﻓﻞﺿﺎﻓﻷاﻲﺗﺬﺗﺎﺳﻷ ! اًﺪﺑاﻲﻨﺑﺮﻬﺗﻦﻟﻢﻛﺪﻳإ

Though I have only been a part of the flagship for two semesters, I am incredibly grateful for every experience I have had. My Arabic language skills have massively improved this year, and a huge part of that is because of the Flagship. The encouragement I received from Peter and Maya to push myself in my studies is the reason I decided to take a challenging class last semester. Then, the support from them and the weekly conversations I had with my language partners allowed me to be successful in ways I hadn’t even expected. The skills I built and the opportunities I had this year have set me up for success in so many different ways. I feel so lucky to have met such interesting people and to have been able to call myself a Flagship student.

AFP students in their class “Yemen: Land of War and Peace”

enjoying Yemeni food prepared by Professor Sama ﺎﻳﺎﻣأبﻼﻃ ﺎﻳاﺪﻧوﻢﻳﺮﻣو ﺖﻴﺑﻲﻓ ﻊﻣﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟادﺎﻳﻷا ﻲﺘﻟاﺔﻴﺑﺮﻐﻤﻟا ﻲﻓﺎﻫﻮﻘﻠﺧ ﻦﻔﻟايدﺎﻧ اﻮﻤﻠﻌﺗﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋتﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻟااﺬﻫ ﻲﻨﻔﻟا

“Since

Peter Glanville, Director

Ahmed Hanafy, Assistant Director