Engineering Quarterly Spring 2019

TheEngineering Quarterlyisanewsletterpublishedfour timesperyearbythe UniversityofMary SchoolofEngineering. Theintendedaudience

areengineers,engineeringstudents,alumni, futureengineeringstudents,andpeopleworkingincloselyrelatedfieldssuchasscience, computing,ormathematics.

InthisSpringissueweincludeprofilesofour firstgraduatesfromtheUniversityofMary EngineeringSchoolaswellastherecipients oftheStudentoftheYearawardsandtheEngineeringScholarshipsthatareawardedeach academicyear.Asusual,wealsoinclude serviceandoutreacheventsthatourstudents havebeeninvolvedinsinceourlastissueback inNovember,aswellasfunandinteresting mathematicalandtechnicalproblemsfrom eachofthemajorsforyoutotryifyouareso inclined.

NotethattheEngineeringSchoolismovingto atemporarylocationinBismarckfortheentire2019-2020academicyearwhileournew engineeringbuildingisbeingconstructedon campus.Assoonasfinalexamsarefinished wewillstartthedemolitionoftheoldbuildingandtheconstructionofthenewone.The constructionisanticipatedtolastmorethan ayearandweplantokeepyouuptodate ontheprogressthroughoutVolume2ofthe EngineeringQuarterly WehopeyouenjoythisissueofEQ.Ifyou haveanysuggestions,orifyouhaveanynews oreventsthatwouldbeofinteresttoengineersandengineeringstudents,pleasedon’t hesitatetocontactme.

TerryPilling,PhD UniversityofMary Engineering

GRADUATION 2019

Thisspringwesendourbestwishesto thefirstgraduatingstudentsfromourEngineeringSchool:MichaelGorderandIsaac SaadaregraduatingattheUniversityofMary SpringCommencementscheduledforSaturday,April27,2019at2:00pmCDTattheBismarckEventCenter.

MichaelandIsaachavetakenengineeringcoursesfromboththeUniversityofMary andtheUniversityofNorthDakotaaspartof thecombineddegreeprogramthatwehave setup,whichenabledourstudentstotake coursesfrombothinstitutionstocompletethe degreerequirementswhilewewerestillinthe processofbuildingourengineeringprogram here.

MichaelGorder graduatedthisspring withadegreeinCivil Engineering.OriginallyfromEagan, Minnesota,Michael cametotheUniversity ofMaryforbasketball andwasaBusiness Administrationmajor untilheswitchedtoCivilEngineeringthefirst yearthatwestartedourengineeringprogram. Sincethen,Michaelhasbeenathree-time AcademicAll-AmericanintheNorthernSun IntercollegiateConference,madetheUniversityofMaryHonorRolltwice,andwas namedMaleScholarAthleteoftheYear.

“Ihavealwaysbeeninterestedinengineering, mainlybecausemyfatherisacivilengineer. HeisthecityengineerfortheCityofEagan.IdidnotfeelchallengedbytheBusiness Administrationmajorandfounditdidnotinterestmemuch.So,whenIheardwewere gettingafour-yearprogram,Iswitchedmajorstocivilengineering.Idecidedtoswitch becauseIhavebeenaroundcivilengineering mywholelifeandwantedtobechallenged. SomegoalsIhaveachievedduringmytime hereincludeplayingcollegebasketballwhile goingthroughtherigorousgrindofengineeringschool.Engineeringschoolistough enoughbyitselfandwhenyouaddthecountlesshoursonthebasketballcourt,itaddsup. DuringthepastfewsummersIhavealsohad twoseparateinternships.Thefirstinternship waswithMooreEngineering,inBismarck andthesecondwaswiththeCityofMandan EngineeringDepartment.Myoveralltime attheUniversityofMarywasgreat.The senseofcommunityandhospitalityisunlike anythingelseIhaveseen.Ihadsomeamazingclassmates,professors,teammates,and coachesduringmytimehere.IamveryfortunatetohavegonetotheUniversityofMary. Myplansforthefuturearetostartmynew jobthisMay,workingforMooreEngineering hereinBismarck,asaGraduateEngineerand Ican’twaittogetstarted.”

IsaacSaadgraduatedthisspringwith adegreeinCivilEngineering.Originally fromPriorLake,Minnesota,Isaaccameto Bismarcktopursuea degreeinCivilEngineeringviaourdual degreeprogramwith theUniversityofMinnesota.IsaactransferredintoourCivilEngineeringdegreeprograminFallof2015.Isaacisastudentathlete whopitchesfortheMaraudersbaseballteam. Aftergraduationheplanstodoaninternship thissummerandtaketheFEexamandthen planstoapplyforjobswithcivilengineering firmssuchasPCLandMortensen.“Ialways lovedmath–Ifounditwaseasyforme,and

betterthansubjectslikehistoryandEnglish whichrequirewritingalotofessays.My cousinisacivilengineerwithMortensenand IalwaysknewIwouldeithergointocivil engineeringormaterialsscience.Ilovedmy timehereattheUniversityofMary.There hasbeenalotofall-nightersoverthecourse ofmydegreesincebaseballtookupjustas muchtimeasmyclasswork.Idon’tregret anythingandIhadalotoffunwhetherwith myengineeringbuddiesormybaseballbuddies.Iplantodropinonceinawhileandsee howthingsaregoingwheneverIambackin thearea.”Isaaciscurrentlydesigningthenew baseballstadiumfortheMaraudersbaseball team.ItisdesignedinAutoCADwithindoor bleachers,offices,bullpens,dugouts,meetingrooms,pitchingandbattingcages,locker rooms,andoverheadlightstopracticeand playgamesatnight.Isaacplanstocontinue playingbaseballalongwithhisengineering careerandheevenhasplanstotryoutfor professionaldouble-Aandtriple-Ateamsin theminorleagues.

ENGINEERING STUDENTOFTHE YEAR AWARDS

EveryyearthefacultyoftheEngineering Schoolselectsonestudentfromeachofthe engineeringmajorstoreceivetheStudentof theYearawardforthatmajor.Theselection criteriaareacademicexcellence,leadership, andexcellenceofcharacter.Wearepleasedto announcethefollowingwinnersofthisyear’s awards.

AaronBalesisthe winneroftheElectricalEngineering StudentoftheYear Award.Aaronisa juniorelectricalengineeringstudent,originallyfromBismarck, ND,whonotonlyconsistentlyachievesthe AaronBales highestlevelofacademicexcellence,butalso hascharactertraitsofaleader,suchasorganizingskills,positiveattitude,andtheability tomotivateotherstocompletegrouptasks onschedule.Weexpectgreatthingsarein storeforAaron.“I’vealwaysbeeninterested inworkingwithelectronics;afterIswitched mymajorfromnursingIthoughtitwouldbe somethingIwouldenjoy.Ihaven’tdecided exactlywhichpathofelectricalengineering I’dliketotake.I’mleaningtowardspower systems,butI’llhavetoseewhatoptionsare availabletome.”

PeterCollartisa sophomoreMechanicalEngineeringstudentwithastrongpersonaldriveforacademicexcellenceand servicetoothers.Peter isahardworkerwith PeterCollart

WELCOME! ByTERRYPILLING

MichaelGorder

IsaacSaad

theorganizationalskillsandabilitytoinspire othersandgetgroupprojectscompleted.We expecttoseePeteraccomplishingamazing thingsandrisingtoaleadershiproleinhis futurecareer.“Iamoriginallyfromasuburb ofAtlantacalledCovington,GA.Ihaveeight siblings,oneofwhomisanuclearengineer workinginBirmingham,AL.Ichosemechanicalengineeringoutofaloveformechanical systemsandmachines.Ialsoreallylikedthe thoughtofbeingapartofsomeoftheengineeringmarvelscomingouttoday.IthinkI willreallyenjoyworkingintheengineering field.AftergraduationIplanontakingtheFE exam,gettingajob,andraisingafamily.”

CalebWeisgarber isajuniorCivilEngineeringstudentoriginallyfromWashburn, ND,whonotonly workstirelesslytoaccomplishhisacademic goals,butalsotakes onleadershipresponsibilitiesasadefensive backontheMarauders CalebWeisgarber footballteamaswellasthepresidentofthe EngineeringStudentsClub–anorganization whichhehelpedtoinitiate.Calebissureto becomeasuccessfulengineerandleaderin hisfuturecareer.“Ichosecivilengineering becauseIhavealwayshadadriveformathematicsandscience,andwhencivilengineeringwasintroducedtomeinhighschool,I knewthatitwasthecareerforme.After graduationIplantostayintheBismarckarea andlookforapositionatanengineeringfirm, morespecifically,inthetransportationareaof civilengineering.”

JacobLantzisa ConstructionManagementstudentwhoconsistentlypusheshimselftosuccessinboth academicsandteam projects.Heconsistentlyshowshisskill atorganizingresources andworkschedulesto JacobLantz getthejobdone.WeexpecttoseeJacobat thehelmofmanyawesomeprojectsinhis futurecareerasaconstructionmanager.“I amoriginallyfromDickinson,ND.Ichose constructionmanagementbecauseIwanted tospendmoretimeinthefieldthananengineerwould.CMseemedmorehands-onand morepeople-orientedthancivilengineering, whichwasmyoriginalmajor.Iplantogeta jobinthefield,hopefullyinNorthDakotaor inthesurroundingstates.”

SCHOLARSHIPS

Scholarshipsareimportanttostudentsfor avarietyofreasons.Theyhelpstudentsfinanciallybyreducingthenumberofstudentloans theyneedtotakeout;theyarevaluableadditionstothestudent’sresumewhentheystart applyingforengineeringpositionsandareoftenmoremeaningfulthangradesindeterminingtheabilitiesandcharacterofanapplicant; andtheyareanaddedincentiveforachievingthehighestlevelofacademicexcellence

andexcellenceofcharacterandservice.The sponsoringpersonorcompanyismentioned andpraisedeveryyearwhenthescholarship isgranted,notonlyinthe EngineeringQuarterly,butalsoontheUniversityofMarywebsite,otherUniversityofMarypublications, andintheceremonywhenthescholarshipis grantedtothestudent.Scholarshipscanbe ofanyamountandtheycanhaveavariety ofconditionsfordeterminingwhoisselected eachyear.Theycanbesetupasonetime awardsortheycanbeofferedeveryyear.You couldevenendowascholarshipwhichwould continuetofunditselfinperpetuity1.Please notethattheUniversityofMaryisanonprofit universityandalldonationsarethereforetaxdeductible.

GREAT RIVER ENERGY SCHOLARSHIPS

beingapartofthisfieldandhelpingtorefine andinnovatetheindustrybyassistinginthe processofmakingenergydistributionaffordable,plentiful,practical,andenvironmentally responsible.”

GreatRiverEnergyhassponsoredtwo ScholarshipsforstudentsenrolledintheUniversityofMary’sengineeringprogram.The scholarshipsareawardedtopromisingstudentswhoarebeginningtheirjuniororsenior yearandwhoplantoentertheenergyindustry.ThewinnersthisyearareJosefSollmann andGabrielZimmer.

“GreatRiverEnergyappreciates theUniversityofMary’sefforts attrainingaworkforcethatwill helpourcompanysucceedin thefuture,andso,throughits CoalCreekStationandSpiritwoodStation,ispleasedtocontribute$2,500forthe2019/2020 schoolyeartotwoworthycandidatesinprogramsthatwillhelp ourindustryinthecomingyears.”

Josefisajuniorin electricalengineering whogrewupinPort Angeles,WA.“Ialwayslovedfiguring outhowsomething works,andIknewI wantedtodosomethingthatallowedme JosefSollmann beapartofthatprocessesbehindthescenes andpossiblyimproveonthem.Electrical engineeringiswhatIthinkbestallowsme tocontributeinanimportantwaytosociety, andhelpinnovateandrefineprocessesand componentsthatweuseinourtechnologies. Energyandpowerhavefascinatedmesince highschool,andnowincollegeasIlearn more,Icontinuetobeintriguedbyit.Over thissummerIhopetointernwithapower companytogetabetterideaofwhatworking inthisfieldlookslike.AfterIgraduate,I intendtopursueacareerinthisfield,either indistributionormanufacturing.Oneofthe biggestaspectsofthepowerandenergyfield thatattractsmeishowincrediblyneededit is.Nothingwouldbeabletofunctioninour countrywithouttheengineersandworkersin thisfield.Iwanttobeabenefittosocietyby

GabrielisasophomoreelectricalengineeringstudentoriginallyfromWestBend, WI.“GreatRiver,in particular,caughtmy attentionattherecent engineeringgalabecauseofitsnonprofit nature,andledtome GabrielZimmer givingmoreseriousthoughttothefield.After all,electricityisessentialforsomuchoflife today,andtheideaofbeingabletosupply peoplewithsomethingthatissonecessary tomodernlifeasweknowitisveryappealingtome.IalsofeelIwouldenjoyworking withthearrangementofcircuitsaswell,asI findworkingonandsolvingsuchproblems verysatisfying.Iamcurrentlytakingclasses dealingwithrecording,modeling,analyzing, andperformingcomputationsonsetsofdata andIhavealsotakenanumberofclasseson theassemblyandanalysisoflinearcircuits andoperationalamplifiers.Iamlookingfor internshipsandco-opstohelpgetmoreexperienceinthefield,developmyskills,and haveaclearerideaofwhatsortofpotential positionsandtasksIhavetolookforwardto.”

NDSPESCHOLARSHIPS

TheNorthDakotaSocietyofProfessional Engineers,Chapter3,hadtheirannualBanquetonThursdayevening,February21,at theBismarckMunicipalCountryClub.The NDSPEChapter3donated$500totheUniversityofMaryEngineeringSchoolandthey awardedtwo$500scholarshipstoourengineeringstudents.Therecipientsthisyear wereSnædısDanıelsdottirandJoshuaReiner.

Snæd´ısisasophomoreelectricalengineeringstudentwho wasbornandraisedin theWestfjordsofIceland.ShehasvolunteeredwithmanyorganizationssuchasSpecialOlympics,Dreams ofMotion,DayofService,SearchandRes- Snæd´ısDan´ıelsd´ottir cueandshehascompletedasummerinternshipwithVerkisConsultingEngineers inReykjavik,Iceland.Sheisacertifiedelectricianandshewonthe2018Teammateofthe YearawardasthegoalkeeperontheUniversityofMarywomen’ssoccerteam.

“Iamtheyoungestoffiveandmyclose familyisquitebig;Ihave11niecesand nephews.Ispentmostofmychildhoodatmy father’sfarm/ranch(hehascowsandsheep) oronasoccerfield.Nooneknowswhatthe futuremayhold,butnothingisperfectandso

1Notethataminimumof$25,000isrequiredtosetupanendowmentforapermanentscholarship.

manythingsareinconstantneedofupgradingorfixing.Engineershavethepowerand knowledgetomakelifeeasierforthepeople -whetheritistotravel,communicateorsimplystaywarm.Weareconstantlygrowingin technologyandasengineers,andIwanttobe apartofthat.”

Joshisa sophomoreelectricalengineering studentoriginally fromBismarck. Joshhasengaged inmanyoutreach andserviceactivitiessuchasthe JoshuaReiner YouthCorrectionalCenter,HeavensHelpers SoupCafe,andMinistryontheMargins.In hissparetimeJoshenjoyshisotherpassion, cameras.Heisaphotographer,cinematographer,andgraphicaldesignerandhasalready completedprojectsandinventedelectronics devicesforuseintheareaofphotography.

“SincemyfirstsemesterofcollegeIhave continuedtostriveforexcellenceandunderstandinginallofmycourses.Ilovebeing pushedtomylimits,becauseitcausesmeto growasaperson,certainlypreparingmefor whatitwillbeliketobeoutinthefieldasan engineer.IpursuethisdegreebecauseIwant tocontinuetolearnaftergraduationandnot becomemediocreinmyknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworld.Iwanttostrivefor excellenceandfullness,notformyowngood, butforothers.”

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SCHOLARSHIP

Thewinnerofthisyear’s$1000electrical engineeringscholarshipisJohnSantiago.

Johnisajunior electricalengineeringstudent,originally fromasmalltown inNewYorkcalled PortChesterbutthen movingtoConnecticut whenhestartedgrade school.Johnbecame interestedinelectrical JohnSantiago engineeringwhen,inhisfreshmanyearof highschool,hehadaretiredelectricalengineerfromtheU.S.Navyteachhisphysics class.“Ilookedtohimassortofamentor,and eversincethen,Iaspiredtogodownasimilarcareerpath.”Johnisinclinedtoacareer inmicroelectronics,programming,orpower systems.Johnhasshownadeepunderstandingofthenumerouscomplicatedengineering andmathematicssubjectshehastakeninhis degreeuptonowandhisworkisofaquality andprecisionthatstandsatthehighestlevel. WeexpecttoseeJohncontinuetoaccomplish greatthingsinhisfuturecareerpath.

StudentsfromEngineering,Biology,and Chemistrydisplayedanddiscussedtheirstudentprojectsfromthespringsemesterwith otherstudents,faculty,engineeringcompany representatives,andotherinterestedpeople fromBismarckandthesurroundingarea.

DesignprojectsareahugepartoftheeducationofengineeringstudentsattheUniversityofMary.Webelievethatgettingyour handsdirtyandbuildingthingsisanimportantpartoftheeducationofanengineer.We alsoliketochooseprojectsthatspandifferent sub-disciplinesofengineeringandalsospan differentcourses.

Civilengineeringstudentsshowedoff theirECI451SteelDesignprojectsusing Revittodesignstructuresaccordingtovariousstrengthandloadconditions.Theyalso showedoffthetrussbridgesthattheyconstructedinoneoftheircourseslastsemester.

DISCOVER ENGINEERING ByANTHONYWALDENMAIER

OnMonday,April15,weheldoursecond annualScienceandEngineeringPosterSessioninChick’sPlacenexttotheLumenVitae Centeroncampus.

OurMechanicalandElectricalengineeringstudentscompletedaprojectthatcombinedtheirworkfromthreedifferentcourses: EEL421ElectronicsII,EME323Machine ComponentDesign,andEEL405Control Systems.StudentsbuiltaninvertedpendulumusingPIDcontrollerstheybuiltintheir electronicslab,motorsandchassisdesigned andconstructedintheirmachinecomponent designlab,andthetheoryandtuningofthe PIDcontrollerswasdoneintheircontrolsystemslab.

TheNorthDakotaSocietyofProfessional Engineers(NDSPE)hosteda“DiscoverEngineering”DayattheKirkwoodMallon Saturday,Feb16,tointroducechildrento engineering-relatedtopicsandactivities.The eventfeatured12areacompanieswithavarietyofscientificandengineeringdemonstrationsincludingstaticelectricity,tensionand compression,electricalcircuits,foundations, andstructure.Over500childrenattendedthe event.TheUniversityofMaryboothfeatured sevendifferentactivitiesanddemonstrations: ElectricityGeneration- studentscanpower alightbulbbyturningacrank.Thisisa simpleversionofamanualgeneratorwhich servesasthebasicpremiseofmanyformsof electricityproductioninthemodernworld. BrushBots- originallymadeforEEL304 ComputerAidedMeasurementsandControls,theseminiaturerobotsscuttlearound withtheuseofanoffsetweightcellphone vibratormotorpoweredbyawatchbattery. Thebodyofthebotismadefromthehead ofatoothbrush,withthebristlesactingasthe bot’slegs.Studentsoriginallybuiltthesebots todemonstrateandmathematicallymodelthe conceptofswarmingthesamewayalarge flockofbirdsorschooloffishcanuniformly changedirection.

Theelectricalengineeringstudentproject fromtheirEEL304ComputerAidedAnalysis courseinvolvedwritingsoftwareinC++and OpenGLtomodelvariousphysicalsystems includingaSnookertable,swarmsofbees, chaoticsystems,one-dimensionalcellularautomatons,andConway’sGameofLife.Their displaywassetupsothatpeoplepassingby couldtryoutthevariousprogramswhilethe studentsexplainedhowitworksandwhyitis interestingfromanengineeringperspective.

SuspensionBridge Designed,3D-printed, andassembledbystudentsfromENR203 MechanicsofMaterials.Thesebridgeswere designedtohaveacertainamountofdeflectionunderapredeterminedload,placedonthe centerspanofthebridge.Studentsattending theDiscoverEngineeringdaylearnedabout theconceptsofdeflectionandhowasuspen-

sionbridge(liketheGoldenGateBridge) workstodistributeloads.

CircuitBoardAssembly- abasisforElectricalengineering,participantsworkedwithfacultytobuildasimplecircuitboardusingan LED,apushbutton,wires,andabreadboard. Whencompletedbytheparticipants,theLED wouldlightupwhenthebuttonwaspushed.

Linkages- theconceptoflinkageswaspresentedtoparticipantstodemonstratehowdifferentarmratioscanchangethemannerin whichamachinecanmoveorrotate.The basictheoryoflinkageswasusedintheME 322DesignofMachinerycoursetodevelop acrawlingroboticassemblythatmimicsthe waysomeinsectscrawl.

RollingUphillExperiment thisdemonstrationfeaturesadoubleconeonaninclined track,whichwillseeminglyrolluptheincline.Participantswerebaffledattheconcept atfirst.However,afterabriefexplanationof thedynamicsofthedoubleconeontheVshapedincline,studentsweresurprisedtosee thattheobjectdoes,infact,followthelawsof gravity.

Theengineering-relatedcompanieswho attendedwere

• Bartlett&West

• CityofBismarck

• KilldeerMountainManufacturing

• MDUResources

• Menards

• MountainPlainsLLC

• Military

• NDDeptofTransportation

Careerfairsentaildifferentgoalsforstudentsdependingonwhereyouareinyourdegreepath.

tweenfloorssomeoneaskedyouthequestion, “Whatdoyoudo?”evenifyourresponsewas “I’mastudent,”youhavedeliveredanelevatorspeech.Theelevatorspeechisreally importanttoajobsearchandshouldbedeveloped,practicedandperfected,butnotto thepointofseemingrehearsedorcanned.It shouldbesecondnature.Conversationalyet conciseisbestbut,mostimportantly,short. Lessthan30secondsisallittakes.Not rushed,justshort.Thinkofitasanadvertisementthatdrawsinthelistenerbygettingtheir attentionandwantingtohearmore.Communicatethevalueyoucouldprovideinasentenceortwoandthentrytoopenuptheconversation.Inthesimplestsense,itmaybejust tocommunicateyouravailabilityandtellyour story.

Hereareafewtipstohelpincreating yours:

1. Setthestagebyintroducingyourself. Whatisyourcareerinterest?Bealittlecreativeandthinkaboutitfromthe listener’sperspective.Whatmightthe audiencewanttohearabout?Employersmostlikelywanttohearaboutmotivatedpeoplewithrelevanttalentsthat canhelpthem.

2. Whatisyourkeymessage?Whatspecialstrengthdoyouoffer?Howare youdifferent?Tellyourspecialstory inafewwordstosetyourselfapartand communicateyourvalue.Givequantifiableinformationifpossible,suchas, “achievedadoublemajorandgraduated cumlaude.”Factsmakeanimpact.

GearBox- a3D-printedgearboxwithahandleforstudentstocrank.Withtheshaftpositionedindifferentlocationsandcertaingear locksengaged,theoutputwheelofthegearboxwillrotateatdifferentspeedsanddirections.Thisismodeledonthesamepremiseas anautomaticgearboxonacar.

TheUniversityofMarydepartmentofCareerServicesheldacareerfaironTuesday, February26,from12pmto3pminChick’s Placeoncampus.Thecareerandinternship fairisforemployerssearchingforbothinterns aswellasfull-timeemployees.Overall,we had31employerswhoattendedthefair,up slightlyfrompreviousyears.Eightemployers wereinterestedinvisitingwithourengineeringstudents.Approximately150studentsof varyingmajorsattendedtheeventandtheinitialreactionsfromemployerswerepositivein termsofsetup,studentvolumeandlevelof preparedness.

Careerfairsareaplacetogatherinformationaboutdifferentindustriesandvariousjob opportunitiesthatwillberelevantinthefuture;youcangaininformationaboutpossibleemployersandbegintonetworkwithvariousrecruiters.Companiescantellyoualittlebitaboutthemselvesandexplainhowthe processworkswithintheorganizationtoget hired.Theycanalsoinformyouofanyinternshipsorscholarshipstheyhavewhichyou maybeeligiblefor.

Oneofthetipswehaveforstudents searchingforjobsistodevelopan Elevator Speech

3. Useemotionandavoidtheyawnby makingitenergeticorevenpassionate. Whatmakesyouexcitedaboutyourcareer?Actionwordscanbehelpfulbut usejargonorterminologysparinglyifat all.Smilingwhenyouspeakcanwork wondersathelpingtocontinuetheconversation.Practicemakesperfect.

4. Talkabouthowyoucouldbenefitan employer.Ifyouareinmarketing, youmaybenefitanemployerbyhelpingtodevelopandsellinnovativeservices.Culinaryarts?Deliverdeliciousdishesthatkeepcustomerscomingback.Teaching?Howabout youpositivelyimpactingstudentsand preparingthemforacademicsuccess. Thebenefitstatementispersuasiveand powerfulwhenwellcrafted.

5. Useahooktomakeitmemorableand extendtherelationship.Goodadviceis to“Strokethecorporateego”orinsome waycomplimenttheemployerorinterviewer.Genuinecomplimentsarealwayswellreceivedaslongastheyare factualandnotpandering.Handingout abusinesscardorresumeworkswonderstoo.Trytoexchangeemailaddresses,phonenumbers,linksoroffer upyoursocialmediaprofileifappropriate.

Ifyou’veeverbeenonanelevatorandbe-

Keepthedooropen.Bepreparedtoexplain, supportordefendanypartofyourelevator speech. kallan@umary.edu

CAREER FAIRSAND ELEVATOR SPEECHES ByKEVINALLAN

C

ONTROLSTO BALANCEAN INVERTED PENDULUM

ByANTHONYGARCIA

StudentsinEEL405:ControlSystems, EME323:MachineComponentDesign,and EEL421:ElectronicsIImadeacollaborative efforttotackletheclassiccontrolsproblemof balancinganinvertedpendulum.Whilethis mayappeartobeanarbitraryproblem,the typeoffeedbackcontrollerthatthestudents implementedisubiquitousinindustrialautomatedsystems,vehiclecruisecontrol,HVAC systems,andevenaircraftcontrol.

Theinvertedpendulumisanonlinear andinherentlyunstablesystem,shownin thefigureabove.The rodattachedtoacartat apivotpointisstable attwopoints:1.when thependulumisdown(when θ =180o in figureabove)and2.whenthependulumis up(when θ =0o exactlyinfigureabove).

Howeverinbothcases,ifanydisturbances wereintroducedtothesystem,thependulum wouldfalltothedownwardstableposition.

Thegoalofthethiscontrolsproblemisto stabilizethesystemintheuprightposition usingaPID(Proportion-Integral-Derivative) controllerwhenthesystemissubjecttoany externaldisturbances.Thisisachievedby movingthecartunderneaththependulumto ‘catch’itbeforeitfalls,balancingthependulum(bymaintaining θ =0o).

Theclassesweredividedintoteamsconsistingofacombinationofelectricalandmechanicalengineeringstudents.

electricalcomponentsoftheirsystemtogenerateamathematicalmodel.Fromthemodel, studentscouldperformsimulations,whileusingrootlocusandfrequencyresponsedesign techniquestodeterminetheappropriatecontrolgainparametervaluestoachievethedesiredoutcomeofbalancingtheinvertedpendulum.

thedriver.Usethedataandthecontrolchart given.

Themechanicalengineeringstudents, whotookEME323:MachineComponent Design,madedetailedCAD(ComputerAided-Design)drawingsoftheirdesignsprior tofabricatingthephysicalsystem.Whileeveryteamhadtheirowndesign,eachconsisted ofacartdrivenbyabeltandDCmotor,with apendulumattachedtoapotentiometerto determineitscurrentangularposition.

Theelectricalengineeringstudents,who tookEEL421:ElectronicsII,designed,modeledandassembledananalogPIDcontroller usingoperationalamplifiers,MOSFETS,and variableresistorstoadjustthecontrollergain parameters.Theperformanceoftheirbuilt analogPIDcontrollerswerecomparedtodigitallyappliedPID(viaarduinomicrocontrollers)adjustingthebrightnessofanLEDto verifytheirperformance.

InEEL405:ControlSystems,thestudentsintegratedthecartandpendulumsystemwiththePIDcontrollers.Studentsthen neededtocharacterizethemechanicaland

Attheendofthesemester,eachgroupwas abletodetermineanapprobatesetofcontrollergainstoachieveuprightstabilityon theirbuiltsystems.Studentshadtheopportunitytodemonstratetheirworkattheannual PosterDaytotheirpeersandothermembers oftheUMarycommunity.

Herearesomeproblemstakenfromour variousengineeringcourseswhichourstudentshadtosolve.Thesolutionscanbefound attheendofthisnewsletter.

Determineanexpressionof X (jω) forthe signal x(t) showninthefigure.

(a) Whichtypeofchartthatshouldbeused forthisdataset?npchart,pchart,cchart,u chart,ornoneofthese. Why?

(b) Provideanappropriatetitleforthecontrol chartbasedonthecontextoftheproblemand appropriateaxistitles

Charttitle:

(c) Determinethevalueofthecenterlineto within0.01.

(d) ProvidetheequationsfortheUCLand LCL,andprovidethecalculationsforthe5th driver.

(e) Interpretthecontrolchart.Whatcanthe companyconcludeaboutthefirstmonthof operationandwhatareyourrecommendationstothecompany?

Aridesharingapp(suchasUberorLyft)has begunserviceinanewcityandhasnothada favorablefirstmonth.

Forthefollowingsystem:

where:

G(s)= 1 (s +1)(s +2)(s +5)

Thecompanyrevieweddatafromthefirstfour weeksacrossall30driversandcollectedinformationonthenumberofridesprovided andthenumberofpoorratings(PR)givento

andtheuncompensatedsystemthatachieves apercentovershootof25%hasdominant closedlooppolesat s = 0 939±j2 151 with againof K =23 72

(a) Sketchtherootlocusofthesystem

FUN STUFF

SIGNALS PROBLEM ByNANCYKELLY

DATA ANALYSIS PROBLEM ByANTHONYWALDENMAIER

CONTROLS PROBLEM ByANTHONYGARCIA

(b) DesignaPDcontroller, C(s),thatcuts thesettlingtimeinhalf,whilemaintaininga25%overshoot(determiningthe placementofanyaddedpolesorzeros andthegainvalue K)

C(s)= K (s + pi) (s + zi)

(c) Determinethegainsfortheproportional (Kp)andderivative(Kd)controller components

STEEL DESIGN PROBLEM

Given:

ByERICGARCIA

• AsimplysupportedW18x35beamuniformlyloadedandthefactoredflexural moment(Mu)equals250K-FT.

• ThesteelbeamisASTMA992.

• Thecompressionflangeofthebeamis bracedattheverticalsupportsandat midspan.

• Thelateral-torsionalbucklingmodificationfactor, Cb,shallbeincorporated.

Determine:

1. Theflexuralcapacity(φMn)oftheW18 beamusinghandcalculations.

2. IftheW18x35adequate?

3. Thelightest-weightW18beamthatsatisfiestheflexuralstrengthrequirement usinghandcalculations.

CROSSWORD PUZZLE

ByNANCYKELLY&TERRYPILLING

Across 1 10amWednesdays 3 Createdthefirstnuclearreactor 6 MathandScience building(abbreviation) 9 Linuxoperatingsystemforsmartphones 11 Besttext editor 12 Solidformlessdensethanliquid 13 Dryerasemarker 14 Units 16 Requiredmath(Abrev.) 19 PreviousUMaryPresident(2words) 20 Firstfemale computerscientist 21 18thcenturyFrenchphilosopher 23 Upperedgeofaship’s sides 25 Juniperdrink 26 prayer’send 29 Thousandthsofaninch 32 EEL304 swarmsimulation 33 LanguagedevelopedbySUNmicrosystems 35 103 36 Utilityvehicle 37 LibrarynamedafterSisterThomas 38 Engineeringprofandnew father 39 Structuralsteelmember 42 Firstman 43 Twistingfromappliedtorque 44 Sensorforwindspeed 45 OperatingsystemforoldPC’s Down 1 SchoolMascot 2 SponsoredtheCrow’sNest 4 Brazilianengineeringprof (firstname) 5 Monitorstheelectricpowergrid 7 Engineeringmajorthatrequires steeldesign 8 Tinylinuxcomputer(2words) 10 OriginaltermforaSpiceprogram 15 ProfDickhut’scompany(2words) 17 StrangeAttractor 18 Foundational Engineeringcourse 22 BigBlue 23 2018DayofServiceproject(3words) 24 Universitycenter(2words) 27 Hislawsofmotion 28 Teamname 30 36thpresident 31 WrotetheRule 34 Usedtomakefertilizerorexplosives(2words) 37 Guerrilla 40 Shellscriptinglanguage 41 LiveinRichardton 43 Linuxfilecompression utility

Thisfall,ourseniorlevelstudentswill bestartingtheirdesignprojects.Thefirst semesteroftheirsenioryearthestudents arerequiredtoworkonadesignproject withintheirowndisciplineand,inthesecond semester,thestudentsarerequiredtoworkon crossdisciplinarydesignprojectsthatinvolve atleastonestudentfromeachofthebranches ofengineeringthatweoffer.Webelievethat crossdisciplinaryprojectswillbetterprepare studentsfortheirfuturecareersandgivethem morepracticeworkingtogetherwithadiverseteaminaccomplishingacommongoal andtodivideaprojectintosub-projectsthat lendthemselvestothevariousskillsets.Additionally,thisdivisionoflaborwillrequire leadershipandcooperationanditwillshow themhowtomaximizethegroupproductivity byleveragingtheindividualstrengthsandthe differenteducationalbackgroundsofeachof themembers.

Ifyouworkforacompanythathas projectsforourseniorlevelengineeringstu-

dents,pleasecontactus.Weplantocollectasmanyprojectsaswecanfromlocal engineering-relatedcompaniesandallowour studentstochooseoneofthemtoworkonand formgroupsaccordingtoindividualinterest. Thebestprojectsareoneswhichareimportanttoyourcompanyandwhichwillgivethe studentstheopportunitytoimpressyouwith theirabilities.

ETHEREAL DELIGHTS ByTERRYPILLING

Thereisafamoustriptychoilpaintingin theMuseodelPradoinMadridcalled The GardenofEarthlyDelights.Itwaspaintedbetween1490and1510byNetherlandspainter HieronymusBosch.Theleftpanelofthe paintingshowstheGardenofEden,theright panelshowsHell,andthecenterpanelshows “TheGardenofEarthlyDelights.”

Sincethe1500stherehavebeenmanydifferentinterpretationsoftheworkandwhatits symbolismrepresents.Somesayitisanadmonitionofourworldlydesiresandawarning oflife’stemptations.Otherssayitisan“erotic derangementthatturnsusallintovoyeurs.”In anycase,wearenotheretojudgethework. Yourappreciationofitsartisticvalue,orlack thereof,isapersonalmatter.Instead,wewant

SENIOR DESIGN PROJECTS

toexploreanentirelydifferentformofart. Namely,theartfoundinscience,engineering, andmathematics.

maticalequationsofengineering.

Thedictionarydefinitionoftheadjective ethereal is

Ethereal: extremelydelicateand lightinawaythatseemstooperfectforthisworld.

Theequationsthatdescribenatureareoften stunninglyelegantandbeautifulinawaythat canhardlybeexpressedtothosenotversedin thelanguageofmathematicsandIthinkthat etherealisaprettygoodwaytodescribethem. Forexample,totheuntrainedeye,Einstein’s equationforgravity:

crystalofsiliconanditobeystheShockley DiodeEquation:

I = IS e VD VT 1

where I isthediodecurrent, IS ≈ 1 0×10 12 , isthereversebiassaturationcurrent, VD is thevoltageacrossthediode, VT ≈ 0 026V, isthethermalvoltagedefinedby VT = kT/q fortemperature T inKelvins,Boltzmannconstant k,andelementaryelectriccharge q Sincetheexponentialpartoftheequationis usuallymuchlargerthan1,wewillneglect the1andwritethediodeequationas

Itiswellknownthattherearemanyartistic aspectsofscienceandengineering.Examples rangefromthesketchesofmachinesfound inLeonardodaVinci’snotebookstotheclassicalDoricarchitectureoftheParthenonin Athens.However,itdoesn’tstopthere.There areequallygloriousformsofartrevealedby thetechnicalinstrumentsofourtrade.

Rµν 1 2 Rgµν +Λgµν = 8πG c4 Tµν

mayjustlooklikeabunchofweirdGreek symbols,buttothemathematicallyadeptit isoneofthemostbeautifulequationsofnature.Itcontainspicturesofgalaxiesandnebulae,wormholesandtimewarps,comets,black holes,andeventhebigbangandthesubsequentexpansionoftheuniverse.Weuseit toputlandroversonMarsandmenonthe moon.Eventheglobalpositioningsystem (GPS)thatweallhaveonourphonesdepends cruciallyonEinstein’sequationforitsaccurateoperation.Allofthiscanbeteasedfrom thatoneequationbyacuriousanddiligentexplorerwhoisadeptatthelanguagethatnatureiswrittenin.Whenyouunderstandthis languagetheworldopensupinglorybefore youlikeoneemergingfromPlato’scave,or bytakingtheRedPillin TheMatrix

I = IS e VD nVT

Studentsusethisequationwhentheyaskedto solvethefollowingcircuitforthecurrent, ID , aroundthecircuit,andthevoltagedrop, VD , acrossthediode.

ID

+ V

R + VD

Whenyousolvethiscircuityougettwoequationsinvolving ID and VD ,thefirstcomes fromtheShockleyequationandthesecond comesfromcurrentconservation:

AstronomersandAstrophysicistsfindbeautifulspiralgalaxies,nebulae,andevenblackholes2 inthevastdeepofthelarge-scaleuniverseasrevealedbytheirtelescopes.Biologistsandchemistsfindamazingbeautyundertheirmicroscopesateventhemostminute scalesofmatterfromthetinyinsectsandcreaturesthatliveatmillimeterscalestothegeometricalpatternsfoundinmolecules,suchas Fullerenes,atthemicrometerscales.

Iwillassumethatthereadersof EngineeringQuarterly arealreadysomewhatconversantinthelanguageofmathematicsandsoI cannowproceedtoshowyousomebeautyI haverecentlyfound.Let’stalkaboutShockley’sdiodeequation.

Thetechnicalinstrumentswehavedesigned forscienceandengineeringhaveshownus beautyinnaturethatcouldnotevenbeimaginedbytheartistsoftheRenaissance.Infact, artisoneofthemanydelightfulthingsthat drawsustocareersinthesesubjects.

Inthisarticlewewon’tbeexploringsuch earthlythingsasbuildings,bugs,buckyballs, andBosch.Instead,wewouldliketodiscuss anevenmore ethereal formofart,namely,the artthatonefindswhileexploringthemathe-

Whenelectricalengineeringstudents reachtheirjunioryeartheytakethefirstof twoelectronicscourses.HereattheUniversityofMarytheseareEEL321andEEL421. Itisinthesecoursesthattheyfirstencounter non-linear electriccircuits.Non-linearcircuitsarefoundwheneversiliconisinvolved and,intoday’sworld,thismeanstheyare everywherearoundus.Infact,youarecarryinghundredsofsiliconchipsaroundinyour pocketrightnow.TheyareinsideeveryelectronicitemyouownfromyourTVtoyour truckandtheyarebusyperformingbillionsof computationseachsecondinordertomake yourlifeeasier.Theterm non-linear comes fromtheequationsthatthesecircuitelements obey.Theyarenon-lineardifferentialequationsandusuallycannotbesolvedexactly but,rather,mustbesolvediterativelyona computer.

Thefirstnon-linearcircuitelementencounteredbyelectricalengineersistheDiode. Everyonehasseendiodesintheformof light emittingdiodes orLED’s,andprobablymost ofyouhavethemlightingyourhomesbynow. Thediodeisatwo-terminalelectroniccomponent,meaningthatithastwowiressticking outofitthatyouhookthingsupto.Thetype ofdiodethatwewilldiscussismadefroma

ID = 1 R VD + V R whichwecanseeisactuallytheequationofa linewithslope 1/R andintercept V/R SincetheShockleydiodeequationandthe circuitanalysisequationarebothequations forthecurrent ID ,thesolutionwillbethe valueofthevoltage VD forwhichtheyboth givethesameanswer.Onewaywecanfind thisvalueisgraphically.Wesimplyplota graphofbothequationsaslinesonthesame paperandfindthepointwherethelinescross. Hereisagraphshowingthelinesrepresenting thetwoequationswherewehaveused V =10 voltsasthesourcevoltageand R =10Ω as theresistance:

Weseethatthesolution,wherethetwo linescross,isataround VD ≈ 0 72 andcorrespondstoacurrentof ID ≈ 0 92 orso. Theseresultsarenotveryprecisesincewe aremerelyeyeballingit.Togetabetteranswerwewriteacomputerprogramthatfinds thevalueiteratively.Inotherwords,youfirst “guess”avaluefor VD ,thenyouplugitinto thediodeequationtogettheresulting ID ,then

2Forthoseofyouarehaven’theard,astronomershavefinallytakenapictureofanactualblackhole!theycombinedforceswithanumberoftelescopesaroundthe worldandphotographedtheblackholeatthecenteroftheM87galaxy.Youcanfindpicturesandthereportviaaninternetsearch.Notethatoneofthetelescopes involvedinthediscoverywastheJamesClerkMaxwellTelescopeonMaunaKea.Dr.TerryPillingspentseveralmonthsinHawaiiworkingonthecontrolsystemsofthat telescope.

youplugthatvalueof ID intothecircuitequationtogetanewvaluefor VD ,andsoon.You repeattheprocess,iterativelylikethis,back andforthbetweenthetwoequations,untilthe resultingvaluesnolongerchange.Youhave thenfoundthesolutiontowhateveryourdesiredaccuracy.

Sincetheexponentialgrowsrapidlythe numberseasilygettoobigforthecomputer tohandle,soinsteadwewillinverttheequationandsolveitusingthenaturallogarithm ratherthantheexponential.

VD = VT ln ID IS

Hereisthecode:

diode.c

#include < stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

void main( void ) { int N=5; //numiterations

float Vd=0.5; //initguess

float Id;

for ( int i=0;i <N;i++) { Id=(10.0 Vd)/10.0; Vd=0.026 ∗ log(Id/1.0e 12); }

printf(”Vd=%f \ tId=%f \ n”,Vd,Id); }

andwhenwerunitweget

Vd=0.716474Id=0.928353

whichisveryclosetowhatwefiguredit shouldbewhenwejustguessedfromthe graph.

Nowlet’strysomethingforfun.Let’sgo backtotheexponentialexpressionanditerate itagain.However,insteadofusingourvoltageassimply10voltsaswedidinthestudent exampleabove,let’snowassumethatthevoltagesourceisanoscillatingone.Let’sassume thatthevoltagesourcecanbewrittenas

V = V0ejωt+φ ≡ α + jβ

where V0 istheamplitude, ω isthefrequency, and φ isaphaseshift.Thelastexpression comesfromusingEuler’sformula: ejθ = cos(θ)+ j sin(θ) andrewritingthevoltageas acomplexnumber(where j = √ 1).Ifwe nowplugthiscomplexnumberinfor V and iterateourexpressionwefindthatwegetnot justasinglesolutionfor VD and ID aswedid inthedirectcurrentcase,butinsteadweget multiplesolutionsfordifferentvaluesforthe sourcevoltageparameters α and β.Sometimeswegettwodifferentsolutionsthatcycle backandforthbetweenthemeveryseconditeration,sometimeswegetthreedifferentsolutionsthatcyclethrougheverythreeiterations, infact,wegetallpossibleperiodicsolutions fordifferentchoicesofthesourceparameters!

Inordertovisualizethesesolutionswe willuseatrick.Wewilldrawagraphwhere the x and y axescorrespondtothetwosource parameters α and β andwewillcomputethe numberofsolutionsforeachpointonthe graph.I.e.foreverypixelonthe α-β planewe willruntheiterationandfindouthowmany separatesolutionsweget.Thenwewill color eachpixelaccordingtothatnumberofsolutions.Forexamplelightbluewillmeanyou getonlyonesolutionifyoustartwiththose

valuesfortheparameters,whereascyanwill indicatetwosolutions,orangeforthreesolutions,etc.

Ihavecomputedtheseforthecoordinate valuesofeverypixelandcoloredthemaccordingtothenumberofsolutionsthatresult. Ihaveonlydoneitfor19differentcolorsbecauseofthelimitationsofmycomputerand soanypointsthatleadtomorethan19solutionsIhavesimplycoloredblack.Hereisthe result:

Y-axistitle: ProportionofPoorRatings

(c) Centerline =˙u = ci ni = 753 8536 =0 09 Where ci isthenumberofpoorratingsfor driver i,and ni isthenumberofridesgiven bydriver i

(d) UCL =˙u +3 u ni =0 0882+3 0 0882 251 =0 1444

LCL =˙u 3 u ni =0 0 0320

(e) Itisclearthattheprocessisnotincontrolbecausethereare5pointsoutsideofthe controllimitsforthedata(2pointsbelowand 3pointsabove)-thereare5driverswhodo notconformtothedistribution,meaningthat these5driversareirregularcomparedtothe remainingdriversintermsofnumberofpoor ratingsperride.Drivers19and28havean abnormallylowamountofpoorratings,while drivers8,22,and23haveanabnormallyhigh amountofpoorratingsperride.

Everypointinthepicturecorrespondstoa solutiontothediodeequationwithadifferentpairofstartingparametersandcoloredaccordingtothenumberofsolutions.

Whenyouarealoneinyourofficeorlaboratorystudyingtheelectricalcurrentsand voltagesinsilicondiodesandyouseethiscolorfulgardenappearonyourscreenitisawesome.Clearly,natureholdssomedelightful secretsthatarejustwaitingforacuriousobservertocoaxtothesurface.Ithinkafittingtitleforthisplotwouldbe TheGardenof EtherealDelights sincethesoothingnatureof itsetherealelegancestandsincontradistinctiontothebaseandwince-worthydecadence thrustuponusbythemoreearthlygardenof HieronymusBosch.

Ihopethateventhenon-mathematical readercanappreciatethemagnificentbeauty thatweengineersandscientistssometimes discoverwhileexploringthemathematical equationsofnature.Engineeringisnotall pocketprotectorsandsliderules–thereisart initaswell!

SOLUTIONSTO PROBLEMS

SignalsProblem:

X (jω)= 8j ω sin2(ω) x(t) isrealandodd, andasexpected, X (jω) isimaginaryandodd.

SteelDesignProblem:

1. φMn =232 7 K-FT

2. NotAdequate

3. W18x40

DataAnalysisProblem:

(a) Thisdatasetshouldusetheu-chart.It isattributedata(poorratings)asopposedto variablesdata(numerical),andtheareaof opportunityforeachdriverunequal(unequal numberofridesperdriver)

(b) ChartTitle: PoorRatingProportionfor Drivers

X-axistitle: DriverNumberDesignation

Asaresult,thecompanyshouldlook intoeachofthese5driversanddetermine whatspecialcausesareoccurringwiththese 5drivers.Thetwodriversbelowthecontrol limitreflectsalownumberofpoorratings perride;whichislikelyagoodthing(particularlyfriendly,provideadditionalservices likefreewaterbottlestopassengers,lowwait times,cleancaretc.).The3driverswhoare abovetheupperlimithaveahighamountof poorratingsperride,whichwouldindicate inadequateserviceintheeyesofthepassengers.Theremaybemanycausesbehindthese ratings,anditisunlikelyacommonaspect acrosseachofthethreedrivers;butmayincluderudeness,uncleanvehicle,unsafedriving,longdelays,etc.Itissuggestedthatthe 3poorlyrateddriversadoptthepracticesof otherdriversinthestudy,whichmayinclude trainingorimplementationoftipsfromthe2 driversbelowthelowercontrollimit.

ControlsProblem:

(a)

(b) C(s)=20 98(s +3 98)

(c) C(s)= Kds + Kp =20 98s +83 55

ContactInformation

Ifyouwouldlikemoreinformation aboutourengineeringprogramatthe UniversityofMary,ifyouwouldlike torequestbackissues,orifyouwould liketohelpustocontinuepublishing theEngineeringQuarterlyviaacharitabledonation,pleasesendanemailto tgpilling@umary.edu.Yourcomments arewarmlyappreciated.Thankyoufor beingpartofourcommunity.