Innovate FKAB (UKM) Vol 10 (2017)

ADMINISTRATION Dean Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Head, Centre for Automotive Research Prof. Ir. Dr. Shahrum Abdullah

Deputy Dean (Research & Innovation) Prof. Dr. Mohd Zaidi Omar

Head, Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre Prof. Dr. Amiruddin Ismail (15 th February 2016 until 20 th December 2016) Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Wan Hamidon Wan Badaruzzaman (effective 1 st January 2017)

Deputy Dean (Undergraduate & Alumni) Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd Syuhaimi Ab. Rahman Deputy Dean (Postgraduate & International Relations) Prof. Dr. Siti Masrinda Tasirin Head of Quality Assurance Prof. Dr. Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri (1 st May 2015 until 29 th February 2016) Prof. Ir. Dr. Fatihah Suja’ (effective 15 th Mac 2016) Head of Industry & Community Partnerships Assoc. Prof. Dr. Siti Aminah Osman Head of Student & Alumni Affairs Assoc. Prof. Noorhisham Tan Kofli Head, Department of Civil & Structural Engineering Prof. Dr. Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri Head, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering Prof. Dr. Norbahiah Misran Head, Department of Chemical & Process Engineering Prof. Ir. Dr. Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah Head, Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zainuddin Sajuri Head, Department of Architecture Dr. Nik Lukman Nik Ibrahim (12 th July 2014 until 11 th July 2016) Dr. Mohd Farid Mohamed (effective 12 th July 2016) Coordinator for Unit of Fundamental Engineering Studies Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zulkifli Mohd. Nopiah Head, Centre for Engineering Education Research Assoc. Prof. Dr. Roszilah Hamid

Head, Centre for Sustainable Process Technology Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd. Sobri Takriff Senior Executive Mr. Mohd Faris Ngadinin @ Adinin Mr. Zulhaidi Amil (until 1 st March 2016) Mrs. Azlin Hashim (effective 1 st March 2016) Editorial Board Chief Editor Prof. Dr. Mohd Zaidi Omar Editors Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Rozli Zulkifli Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Rosdiadee Nordin Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zulkifli Mohd Nopiah Dr. Mohd Farid Mohamed Dr. Suraya Shahril Dr. Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak Mr. Azhari Shamsudeen Mr. Mohd Huzairi Johari Mr. Muhamad Fadle Mohamad Abu Sadin Ms. Siti Hajar Mohammad The Research Bulletin is published once a year by Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM. We are pleased to invite members to contribute their articles to our bulletin. Articles can be submitted to: Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Tel : +603-89118007/8312 Fax : +603-89252546 Email : tdpenyelidikanfkab@ukm.edu.my An electronic version of the Research Bulletin and guidelines to authors are archived at www.ukm.my/jurutera

Foreword by Dean

I

t gives me great pleasure to welcome you to the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and our tenth research bulletin, INNOVATE for 2017. At the faculty we are focused on nurturing and developing professional educators and researchers. With UKM being a research university (RU), research activities are top priority for all academic staff. Towards this end, the faculty members have been working very hard to obtain research grants from various sources and to produce research outputs that would be of high standards. Furthermore, our researchers are active in publishing research article in high impact journal quartile 1 (Q1) and quartile 2 (Q2) as reported in Journal Citation Report (JCR) published by Thomson Reuters. Last year it was reported that 30% from overall indexed journal publication by FKAB members were published in Q1 and Q2 journal. In term of UKM as a whole, FKAB contributed almost 25% publication in Q1 and Q2 journal.

The tremendous achievements from our researchers are giant steps towards attaining world class excellence in the field of research. The Faculty’s achievements and development would not be possible without the significant contributions of its members and support from the university. Therefore, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all individuals in the faculty for their continued efforts in driving the faculty towards academic and research excellence.

I hope that you will enjoy reading INNOVATE and wish you a good year ahead. If you have any feedback or suggestions, please feel free to contact our editorial team.

Thank you.

Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Abdul Wahab Mohammad Dean Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment

Editorial Note

W

elcome to the tenth volume of INNOVATE ! This annual bulletin is an effort from the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia to highlight research activities among our researchers. This edition, also contains current research activities, research achievements, list of successful research projects, publications and intellectual properties (IPs) from our faculty members for 2016. It has proven to be a powerful means to communicate our research outputs and create future collaborations. Therefore, I highly encourage contributions from FKAB researchers to INNOVATE. Let us work together to ensure high quality information and attractive ideas are effectively disseminated to our readers.

On behalf of FKAB, I hope that this volume will enable researchers, students, stakeholders and the community as a whole to be aware of the latest trends and findings in engineering and built environment research. I would also like to invite friends and colleagues from the industry, research institution and academia to collaborate with us on this exciting journey. Finally, I hope that the bulletin will be informative and valuable to our reader. INNOVATE not only highlights the new innovative research news in the faculty, but most importantly, it reflects the faculty’s achievements and success stories.

Thank you and enjoy reading!

Prof. Dr. Mohd Zaidi Omar

Deputy Dean (Research and Innovation)

TABLE OF

CONTENT 01

02

Special Highlight Future Biorefineries: Unlocking the Potential of Fine Chemicals and Value Added Byproducts (CESPRO)

2

CAISERTM (Computer Assisted Intelligent Event Processor)

6

Establishment of Tropical Climbers Shading Performance for Green Facade (JSB)

12

Current Research

Characteristics of Extra Polymer Characteristics Substance (EPS)ofExtracted Extra Polymer from Substance (EPS) Extracted from Formed Biofilm on Sewer Sediment Formed Biofilm on Sewer Sediment

18

Heritage Refurbishment Assessment Heritage Scheme Refurbishment (HeRAS) Assessment Scheme (HeRAS)

19

Toward Malaysia Green IndustryToward with Low Malaysia CarbonGreen Emission Industry by with Low Carbon Emission by Implementing Supply Chain Management Implementing Supply Chain Management

21

Role of RFID Technology as an Evolving Role of Catalyst RFID Technology for Lean as an Evolving Catalyst for Lean Implementation in SMEs to Enrich Implementation Customer Benefits in SMEs to Enrich Customer Benefits

23

Unidirectional Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Unidirectional Polylactic-Acid Kenaf Fiber Composites Reinforced for Polylactic-Acid Composites for Automotive Interior ComponentAutomotive ApplicationInterior Component Application

25

Two Component Powder Injection Two Molding Component (2C-PIM) Powder of Stainless Injection Molding (2C-PIM) of Stainless Steel (SS17-4PH) and Yttria Stabilised Steel (SS17-4PH) Zirconia (3YSZ) and Yttria Stabilised Zirconia (3YSZ)

27

PIV Measurements of Vortex Structure PIV Measurements Around Anti of Vortex Vortex Device Structure Around Anti Vortex Device (AVD) at Pump Suction Inlet (AVD) at Pump Suction Inlet

29

Strengthening Behaviour of HighStrengthening Pressure Torsion Behaviour of High Pressure Torsion Processed-Aluminium Alloy Using Processed-Aluminium Finite Element Approach Alloy Using Finite Element Approach

31

Analysis Of Corrosion Behavior Under Analysis Loading Of Corrosion Using Boundary Behavior Under Loading Using Boundary Element Method And Polarization Element Measurement Method And Polarization Measurement

33

Fatigue Life Assessment of AlSi10Mg: Fatigue A Powder Life Assessment Bed Laser-fused of AlSi10Mg: A Powder Bed Laser-fused Material Material

35

Peridynamic Model for Viscoelastic Peridynamic Creep andModel Fracture for Viscoelastic Behaviours Creep and Fracture Behaviours

37

Fabrication of a Cobalt-free Cathode Fabrication for an of a Cobalt-free Cathode for an Intermediate-temperature SolidIntermediate-temperature Oxide Fuel Cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

39

Adaptive mesh refinement of Fluid-structure Adaptive mesh Interaction refinement using of Fluid-structure 40 Interaction using Immersed Boundary Method Immersed Boundary Method A Home for Children with Autism: A Home for Children with Autism: 42 Residential Spaces Intervention Residential in Malaysia Spaces Intervention in Malaysia Identifying Local Setting throughIdentifying Motifs of Traditional Local Setting Woodcarving through Motifs of 43 Traditional Woodcarving Development of Strategies for Sustainable Development Building of Strategies Design using for Sustainable 44 Building Design using Traditional Malay House Concept Traditional Malay House Concept A Method for Fabricating a Hot-wire A Method Probefor Sensing Fabricating Element a Hot-wire Probe45 Sensing Element Investigating the Durability Performance Investigating of a the Lightweight DurabilityBallistic Performance of47 a Lightweight Ballistic Resistance Panel for Armoured Vehicles Resistance Panel for Armoured Vehicles Adsorption-Fenton Oxidation Reactions Adsorption-Fenton for In Situ Detoxification Oxidation Reactions for48 In Situ Detoxification Pilot-scale Integrated Pre-treatment/Membrane Pilot-scale Integrated Filtration Pre-treatment/Membrane System for 49 Filtration System for Aerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Aerobic Treatment Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment Effective and Economic Disinfection Effective Technology and Economic for Sewage Disinfection Technology 50 for Sewage Treatment Treatment Palm Oil Mill Biogas Reactor Effluent PalmConcentration Oil Mill Biogas for Reactor Production Effluent ofConcentration for Production of 51 Organic Fertiliser and Water Reclamation Organic Fertiliser Using anand Integrated Water Reclamation Using an Integrated Forward Osmosis Membrane Process Forward Osmosis Membrane Process Developing Skills Teachers Competency Developing Model Skills in Teachers the Malaysian Competency Skills Model 52 in the Malaysian Skills Certification System Certification System Development of Framework for Development the Generation ofof Framework Engineering for the Generation 53 of Engineering Concept Design Ideas Concept Design Ideas Development and Effectiveness Development Evaluation of Zero and Effectiveness Emission Evaluation 55 of Zero Emission Technology (Fuel Cell) Learning and Technology Facilitation (Fuel Modules Cell) Learning for Schools and Facilitation Modules for Schools in Malaysia in Malaysia Low Temperature Catalytic Conversion Low Temperature of Carbon Dioxide Catalyticinto Conversion Fuels of Carbon Dioxide into Fuels 57 and Chemicals and Chemicals Biological Cell Model MembraneBiological for Antibacterial Cell Model Resistance Membrane for Antibacterial Resistance 58 Assessment Assessment

03

Research Activities

59

04

High Impact Journal Publication (2016)

73

05

research awards 2016

89

06

success & recognition 2016

93

07

research project 2016

103

08

performance of research project and publications 2015-2016 117

09

intellectual property 2016

10

popular writings

123

The Quest Towards Autonomous Drones

128

Managing Waste Bins by Using Geospatial Application

130

Crystal @ SME Programme: Developing Innovative Minds in Schools & Universities

132

Tribology in Malaysia: General Perspective

134

Application of Aquatic Plants drom Tasik Chini in Waste and Industrial/Domestic Wastewater Treatment

136

SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS

SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS

2

Future Biorefineries: Unlocking the Potential of Fine Chemicals and Value Added By-products

T

he commercial productions of replacements for chemicals, plastics, and fuels from bio based feedstocks using technologies such as biochemical and thermochemical conversion are now established globally with annual production of hundreds of thousands of tonnes.

Malaysia has a comparative advantage in bio-refining. The climate and agriculture sector ensure a large supply of biomass materials that can be used to produce chemicals and fuels. The production of bio based products was identified as an area of increased focus in Malaysia through the introduction of the National Biomass Strategy (NBS).

To support the nation’s aspiration, we have shifted exploration towards research on Future Biorefineries. This Future Biorefineries under Long-Term Research Grant Scheme (LRGS) programme consist of multi-disciplinary team of experts investigating in six main areas on the future Biorefineries with the following research objectives: 1. To optimise the technological conversion platforms for development of biorefineries for production of sugar-based products, precursors and fine chemicals; 2. To map out technical and business strategies to ensure that the National Biomass Strategy can be implemented effectively;

3. To develop advanced technologies in downstream processing to enhance the value added products of biorefineries; 4. To recommend economic and socioeconomic policies to enhance the strategic interest of the biomass industry.

Research and development in Future Biorefineries has been conducted for production of varieties of biorefinery products since 2013. The research work carried out in this project provides a significant step in opening new opportunities and pathways towards innovative and sustainable biomass industry in Malaysia.

Figure 1. Biorefinery concept

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FINANCIAL & HUMAN RESOURCES The future biorefineries research programme received RM 6.751 million funding from the Ministry of Higher Education. The manpower for the research programme came from institutions such as USM, UTP, UNMC, UMT, UMP, UTM, UPM, MONASH UNIVERSITY, UM, UNITEN, CURTIN UNIVERSITY and UTAR with the involvement of 44 researchers and 70 postgraduate students.

STRATEGIC SUB-PROGRAMME RESEARCH AREAS PROJECT 1: BIOCHEMICAL PLATFORM FOR PRODUCTION OF BIO BASED FINE CHEMICALS.

The ultimate objective of this project is to produce high value precursor and chemicals, which are succinic acid (SA) and xylan polymer (XP). While fermentation of C6 sugar using Actinobacillus succinogenes will produce SA, the liquid stream of DAN pretreatment, consisting mainly soluble hemicellulose, will produce XP. Additional biobased chemicals such as xylitol (XL) and xylo-oligomers (XOS) will be derived from XP. Depolymerization (hydrolysis) of XP using optimum cocktail combination of endoxylanase, exoxylanase, and xylobiase will produce XOS and monomeric xylose, where the latter will be fermented to XL.

PROJECT 2: THERMOCHEMICAL PLATFORM FOR PRODUCTION OF FINE CHEMICALS.

Gasification and pyrolysis process appears to be an interesting option to develop full scale processes to upgrade wastes to more usable and energy dense materials. In this project, different operating strategies are established including pyrolysis and catalytic gasification which have been considered as a promising method that meets environment requirements.

It provides one of the most cost-competitiveness means of obtaining syngas and value added biochemicals from renewable resources. The project has been investigating feasibility of both catalytic gasification and pyrolysis techniques in transforming biomass into biofuel, fine chemical and gases. Liquid fuels and H2 gas can be generated and are potential for energy source. Membrane and other separation technologies such adsorption will be employed for gas separation and purification.

PROJECT 3: ADVANCED PURIFICATION METHODS FOR LIQUID-BASED FINE CHEMICALS.

In this project, the aims are to develop technically effective and economically viable downstream processing to produce important sugar-based products and fine chemical precursors that will have strategic impact on the biorefinery industry. The products that will be aimed for include succinic acids, as well as sugar-derived products such as xylooligo and xylitol. These are valuable sugar-based products and fine chemical precursors that have significant share in the world market. The downstream processing of the mixture will be complexed and challenging. Thus the approach will be to integrate various separation/ purification techniques in order to develop viable processes. These techniques include liquid-liquid extraction, membrane-based separations, extractive and reactive distillation and crystallisation.

PROJECT 4: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR UPGRADING OF BIOGAS AND SYNGAS.

Syngas and gases from biomass are of great interest as they can be further purified and upgraded into biomethane and H2 respectively, which are both clean and renewable for sustainable development. In Malaysia, the production of biomethane and H2 via biological reactions, biomass gasification, pyrolysis or water gas shift reaction will definitely play an important role in the future energy industry due to the availability of biomass residues produced from oil palm, rice, sugarcane, wood industry and municipal solid waste.

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SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS

PROJECT 5: INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGIES AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT TO ENHANCE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF BIOREFINERIES.

In this project, integration of process technologies which will be developed in other subprojects under the same research programme will be performed. With such integration, the designed biorefinery will not only be energy self-sustained, but also produces maximum high value-added products and generates minimum waste. Besides biomass supply chain optimisation system, process safety, inherent health and life cycle assessment are also to be considered in this work.

PROJECT 6: POLICY RESEARCH TO ENHANCE INNOVATION AND RISK MANAGEMENT TO SUPPORT THE NATIONAL BIOMASS STRATEGY.

Regional and rural areas are expected to benefit from the establishment of the biomass industry and its activities through job creation related to biomass conversion facilities set up near production sites and supply chains associated with feedstock production. This project assesses social and economic opportunities along the value chain of local biomass industry and to assess global opportunities of the industry in improving the nation’s social and economic returns.

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LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS

The team members also have been collaborating in research and development work with the local and international partners including Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Centre through Michigan State University, USA, Global Green Synergy Sdn. Bhd., De La Salle University, Philippines, Texas A&M University, USA and Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd. It is also expected to significantly enhance networking between the multi-disciplinary research groups as well as a joint understanding of the research challenges and needs of the biorefineries issues in Malaysia.

SUMMARY • • • •

The projects will contribute to the National Biomass Strategy (NBS) of Malaysia that is intended to increase the gross national income (GNI) by 2020 The six projects are designed to contribute to the future biomass biorefinery industry in Malaysia.

The outputs will be in the form of new knowledge, human capital, intellectual properties, policy framework, demonstrable technologies and prototype that will support the NBS. The projects will value add the biomass towards achieving at least RM 1,500-RM 2,000 of revenue per dry tone of solid biomass input.

For further correspondence, kindly contact: Professor Dato’ Ir. Dr. Abdul Wahab Mohammad Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO) Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89218001 Email: drawm@ukm.edu.my

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SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS

CAISER: Complex Event Processing Development Tool for Engineering & Scientific Application CAISERTM (Computer Assisted Intelligent Event Processor) is a platform technology tool that enables the creation of Intelligent Systems using the Complex Event Processing (CEP) approach. CAISERTM incorporates and integrates latest technology in its platform : IoT capabilities; Cloud based data storage and processing; Unified Messaging through email, SMS, Telegram, Twitter and other social media channel; SCADA and Telemetry capabilities; Robotics, RTU and smart devices; and other emerging technologies via CAISER’s open architecture interface. These technologies are incorporated into CAISER’s platform in the forms of software and hardware based adapters that enable CAISERTM to interact with the physical world. CAISERTM has more than 20 internally developed adapters. Figure 1 shows CAISERTM’s platform topology and Figure F2 shows some of the internal adapters. CAISERTM’s capability can be enhanced further by using other readily available industrial standard software, hardware and systems as external adapters to CAISERTM such as NAGIOS, Cisco Information Center, Matlab, Citect and many others.

CAISERTM key feature is its flexibility of use. Its GUI based development environment (IDE) hides the complexities of real time event detection, software and hardware integration, inter-process communication and many technical activities from system developers so that they can focus on developing the event processing applications. Due to its flexible Complex Event detection rule and support for various software and hardware based adapters, CAISERTM is very suitable for developing CEP based intelligent applications in the scientific and engineering domains.

Figure 1. CAISER’s main platform topology

Figure 1. CAISERÕ s main platform topology TM CAISER ’s main run-time module (CA-RTM, please refer to Figure 3) receives Simple Events notification CAISERTMÕ s main run-time module (CA-RTM, please refer to Figure 3) receives Simple from Event Producers such smart Producers CCTV System, Telemetry/SCADA systems (sensors, PLC, RTU), network Events notification fromasEvent such as smart CCTV System, Telemetry/SCADA monitoring and user via variousmonitoring Communicatisystem on Channel as e-mail, SMS, Telegram, systems system (sensors, PLC,messages RTU), network andsuchuser messages via TM TCP, Skype,Communication Twitter, OPC, DCOM and web service.

CAISERSMS, analyses the sequence and behavior of the various Channel such as e-mail, Telegram, TCP, Skype, Twitter, TM Simple and theirweb temporal and spati al correlati on withthe othersequence Simple Events previously analyses and and behavior of detected the OPC,Events DCOM and service.

CAISER SimpleEvents Events temporal andEvents. spatialThe correlation with other Simple Events Complex to and identitheir fy current Complex detection process can be executed usingand several TM previously detected Complex Events to identify current Complex Events.

The detection event detection algorithm such as Sliding Window technique and CAISER ’s very own unique complex event process can be executed using several event detection algorithm such as detecti on algorithm which is called MEGA (Multi Layered Event Detecti on Algorithm ForSliding GenericWindow Application). technique and CAISERTMÕ s very own unique complex event detection algorithm which is TM The GUI for CAISER ’s Complex Event detector is shown in Figure 4.

called MEGA (Multi Layered Event Detection Algorithm For Generic Application). The GUI Õ s Complex Event for CAISERTM INNOVATE VOLUME 10 detector is shown in Figure 4.

7

Smart CCTV Adapter – CA-InViSS

Surveillance Robot Adapter, CA-SentriBot

Intelligent CCTV Adapter, CA-InViSSCore

Remote Terminal Unit Adapter, CA-RTU

USB Based Data Acquisition Adapter, CA-DAQ

SCADA / OPC Client AdapterCA-SCADA

Telegram Messaging AdapterCA-Telegram

Crowd Sensing Adapter, CA-PhotoReporter

Cloud Data Storage AdapterCA-Cloud

Figure 2. Examples of CAISERTM’s internal adapter

Next, it processes and analyses these events (simple and complex) to generate mitigation action for events that requires mitigation. The mitigation actions are conveyed via the Communication Channel to Event Consumers (user, operators, technicians, etc.) and Event Actors (robot, automation system, alarm system, Mechatronics System etc.). All processes are executed automatically.

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Next, it processes and analyses these events (simple and complex) to generate mitigation action for events that requires mitigation. The mitigation actions are conveyed via the Communication Channel to Event Consumers (user, operators, technicians, etc.) and Event Actors (robot, automation system, alarm system, Mechatronics System etc.).

SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS All processes are executed automatically.

Figure 3. CAISERTMÕ s run-ti run-time module Figure 3. CAISERTM’s me module

Figure 4. CAISERTM’s main runtime module

Figure 4. CAISERTMÕ s main runtime module TM CAISER was initi ally createdcreated and developed

by Dr. Mohamad Md Saad as part his PhD research CAISERTM was initially and developed

by Dr.Hanif Mohamad Hanif Md of Saad as part of at his the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM in 2012 under the supervision of Prof.

Dr. Aini PhD research at the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM in 2012 under Later, the supervision of Prof.

Dr.further Aini Hussain. the CAISERTM platform was Hussain. the CAISERTM platf orm was developedLater, and strengthened by a team of dedicated further developed andprogrammers strengthened by arefer team of dedicated researchers, engineers and researchers, engineers and (Please to Figure 5).

programmers (Please refer to Figure 5).

INNOVATE VOLUME 10 Figure 5. CAISERÕ s improvement, implementation and maintenance was done with the assistance of many capable researchers, engineers and programmers

CAISERTM was initially created and developed by Dr. Mohamad Hanif Md Saad as part of his PhD research at the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM in 2012 under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Aini Hussain. Later, the CAISERTM platform was further developed and strengthened by a team of dedicated researchers, engineers and programmers (Please refer to Figure 5).

Figure 5. CAISER’s improvement, implementati on and maintenance was done with the assistance of many capableofresearchers, Figure 5. CAISERÕ s improvement, implementation and maintenance was done with the assistance many engineersengineers and programmers capable researchers, and programmers

CAISER TM’S IMPACT, POTENTIAL AND RECOGNITION

CAISERTMÕ S IMPACT, POTENTIAL AND RECOGNITION

CAISER TM ’s platform was successfully used to develop several intelligent systems. Four (4) TM selected as listed was below:successfully used to develop several intelligent Õ s platform CAISERsystems systems. Four (4) selected systems as listed below:

System Name

System Name

1

1

2

3

4

Sistem Notifikasi Rangkaian (SONAR), Sistem Notifikasi Perbadanan Rangkaian (SONAR), Putrajaya (please Perbadanan refer Figure 6)

Putrajaya (please refer Figure 6)

Sistem pemantauan Aras Air, Empangan Tasik Putrajaya

Description

Description Used to monitor real time network facility related events Used to monitor real time network facility related events by the the Perbadanan Perbadanan Putrajaya(PPJ)Õ Putrajaya(PPJ)’s Network Monitoring Monitoring by s Network Center. Ensures Ensures that that all all computer computer network network maintained maintained by by Center.

PPJ (including (including the the main main backbone backbone network network for for Putrajaya, Putrajaya, PPJ MalaysiaÕ s Government Malaysia’s Governmentadministrative administrativecapital capital) )isis inin tip tiptop top condition. condition.

Connected to over 360 sensors from various systems, e -

Connected to over 360 sensors from various systems, e-mails, SMS, Telegram and UPS updates.

In operation, 24 hours /day, 365 days/year since 2014.

Used by the wetland, lakes and Environmental Unit of PPJ to monitor water level and water flow from Putrajaya’s dam.

System used to monitor and predict flood on the downstream of the Putrajaya dam.

Sistem Pemantauan Experimental 5 units air quality monitoring system for Kualiti Udara, Majlis monitoring Melaka’s air quality by the MBMB. Bandaraya Melaka Low cost, effective system to assist the development of Bersejarah (MBMB) Green Melaka.

Sistem Pemantauan Operasi Rumah Pam Air (PUMA), UKM (please refer Figure 6(a) dan (b)

The system is used to ensure the pump system that enables proper water supplies to UKM’s student residential college operates optimally.

Pump operation status is monitored real time and anomalous events are reported accordingly to avoid water disruption to the student and pump damages.

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SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS

(a) (b) (c) Figure 6. (a) CAISERTM’s RTU adapter used in PUMA, (b) SONAR in action at PPJ’s server farm and (c) notification via Telegram

Apart from the above systems, the CAISER’s development team is currently bidding to implement CAISER TM for water processing facility monitoring system and also for alarms and events processing in the oil and gas facility.

CAISER TM ’s contribution and impact go nationwide and its application is on the rise. UKM has twice awarded the CAISER TM team with commercialisation success award (Anugerah Bitara Pengkomersilan UKM 2016 and Anugerah Khas Kualiti - Pengkomersilan 2014).

In recognition of CAISER’s contribution, impact and potential, the Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation bestowed the Emerging Innovator Entrepreneur Award 2016 to CAISERTM in conjunction with the Malaysian Year of Commercialisation 2016 initiative by the Malaysian Government. CAISER TM was the only product from a public university that manages to win an award at the prestigious event out of 152 participants from various government agencies and private sectors (please refer Figure 8) .

Figure 8. CAISERTM was awarded with the Emerging Innovator Entrepreneur Award 2016 by MOSTI in Conjunction with Malaysian Year of Commercialisation 2016

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FUTURE OF CAISER TM CAISER TM contains all the necessary elements to handle the challenges of the incoming Industrial Revolution 4.0(IR4.0). The CAISER TM ’s development team is working closely with several industrial partner, especially local SMEs to develop IR4.0 based solution utilising CAISER TM ’s platform and design principle. The CAISER TM s development team itself is currently improving CAISER TM to incorporate better Complex Event detection capabilities, more flexible Cloud based data and instruction manipulation and large scale parallelisation to cater for large scale intelligent systems application.

Figure 9. Malaysian Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Najib Tun Abdul Razak is being briefed by CAISERTM’s project leader

For further correspondence kindly contact: Dr. Mohamad Hanif Md Saad Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603- 8921 6116 E-mail: hanifsaad@ukm.edu.my Prof Dr Aini Hussain Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603- 8921 6329 E-mail: draini@ukm.edu.my

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SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS

12

Establishment of Tropical Climbers Shading Performance for Green Facade

A

n intervention in bringing vegetation into a manmade environment as a passive technique has been attested to stimulate a better living environment and promote energy efficiency. Innovations in implementing vegetation onto exterior building façades such as green roof, and vertical greenery systems (VGS) including green facade, have been identified in encouraging potentials to ameliorate microclimate, not only on external and internal building environment, but also current and future urban climate conditions.

Shade and shadow produced by the vegetation help to dissipate the incident solar heat onto exterior building skin and the ground surface, and improve the thermal environment simultaneously.

A small-scale experiment was run to establish shading performance of selected tropical climbing plants. The selected species are Anemopaegma chamberlaynii (AC), Antigonon leptopus (AL), Argyreia nervosa (AN), Quisqualis indica (QI) and Thunbergia nervosa (TN) shown in Figure 1. The objectives of conducted experiment are to investigate the coverage performance within the time frame given (30 days) and establish shading coefficient of the climbing plants. Three mock-ups of IGF with free standing walls were built for this experiment. The size of the free standing walls were 1.5 m (height) × 1.0 m (width) × 0.15 m (thick) and the trellises were 1.5 m (height) × 1.0 m (width) with white planter boxes at the bottom. Figure 2 shows details measurement of the IGF mock-up. Each planter box was planted with three numbers of climbers from each species. The heights of each of the climbers were almost similar before they were transferred into respective planter boxes.

Climbers were left for a month for the establishment of canopy before any measurements were taken (Figure 3). Modules were arranged at west facing orientation. The experiment was conducted for 30 days.

Coverage performance of the climbing plants was determined by the percentage coverage on the final day of the experiment. The percentage coverage was the percentage area of the behind wall covered by the plants to the area of the wall. The percentage of the coverage was calculated through binary images. The binary images were obtained from converted digital images taken by digital camera (Nikon D3100). The images were converted to binary image and the calculation of shaded area was adopted from pixel segmentation feature in Adobe Photoshop CS4. An example of the image conversion is shown in Figure 4.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Figure 1 Selected tropical climbing plants: (a) Anemopaegmea chamberlaynii, (b) Antigonon leptopus, (c) Argyreia nervosa, (d) Quisqualis indica and (e) Thunbergia grandiflora

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Figure 2 Details measurement of small-scale of IGF

Figure 3 Conducted small-scale experiment

Figure 4 Image conversion of Quisqualis indica from (a) digital image to (b) binary image

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SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS

The processes of the shading coefficient (SC) establishment included plant percentage coverage through leaf layer distribution and measurements of solar transmission behind vertical foliage of climbers. The effectiveness of shading performance of climber was indicated by the smaller value of SC. Shading coefficient (SC) is defined as the proportion of solar radiation gain behind the canopy and in front of the canopy. It is expressed as: (1) As a vertical plant canopy consisted of compacted of numbers of different leaf layers (k) which had corresponding area, in the plane of canopy, shading coefficient (SC) can be expressed as : (2) where;

The procedures to establish leaf layer coverage was similar to overall percentage coverage establishment experiment. Colour digital images of each species were captured by the digital camera of Nikon D3100 at a fixed position and at regular time intervals. Different leaf layer performances were expected at every time intervals of the photo sessions. Photo sessions were arranged at night time with the aid of spotlights for the light source. The arrangement was able to create the effect of colour shades that represented different leaf layers. Figure 5 shows an example of the digital image taken at night time producing different shades of green colour.

Light green with one leaf-layer

Open gap

Dark green with 4 leaf-layers

Anemopaegma chamberlaynii Figure 5 Digital image of plant canopy green shades taken at night time A n em o pshowing aegm a chdifferent am b erlayn ii F ig u re 5 D ig ita l im a g e o f p la n t can o p y sh o w in g d ifferen t green sh ad es taken at n igh t tim e

Different shades of green produced from the digital image were segmented and calculated through pixel recognition and segmentation technique using INNOVATE VOLUME graphic software of10 Adobe Photoshop CS4. The calculation of pixel representing the leaf layer was converted to leaf layer areas and percentage coverage. Calculated leaf layer areas were applied to Equation 2 for shading coefficient establishment. An example of segmentation and calculated images in percentage coverage is shown in Figure 6.

15 Different shades of green produced from the digital image were segmented and calculated through pixel recognition and segmentation technique using graphic software of Adobe Photoshop CS4. The calculation of pixel representing the leaf layer was converted to leaf layer areas and percentage coverage. Calculated leaf layer areas were applied to Equation 2 for shading coefficient establishment. An example of segmentation and calculated images in percentage coverage is shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6 Establishment of leaf layer and percentage coverage of Thunbergia grandiflora (TG) on the 1st day of measurement

This establishment was an initial initiative to develop the database of climbing plants shading properties to be used by architects and landscape architects in their design proposal. More shading performance of tropical climbers need to be established for better decision in the attempt to meet sustainable built environment and better living environment.

For further correspondence, kindly contact: Mohd Khairul Azhar Mat Sulaiman Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89118013 Email: m.khairulazhar@ukm.edu.my

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SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS

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CURRENT RESEARCH

CURRENT RESEARCH

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Characteristics of Extra Polymer Substance (EPS) Extracted from Formed Biofilm on Sewer Sediment

I

n-sewer sediments carry high loads of both organic and inorganic particles. The fraction of organic and inorganic materials in sewer sediment mixture depends on catchment characteristics, sewer type, geometry, the type of wastewater and sanitary habit of the population. High organic content in the wastewater has high microbial community, which promotes the formation of biofilm on the accumulated sediment, particularly on a stable sediment bed surface. Biological processes in terms of biodegradability of the sediments and the formation of biofilm on sediment particles play important roles and need to be considered. The strength of sediment bed obviously changes due to adhesion and armour layer (from the biofilm). The complexity of biological processes influenced in sediment transport, particularly under hot climate is paramount as the interaction of biology-sediment and flow is interrelated.

Biological processes are well known to be temperature dependent, where the activities of individual organisms differ from temperature to temperature. In tropical, hot climates such as Malaysia, the temperature within the sewer lines is constant at high values within the range of 28-34˚C. As such, it is anticipated that with higher organic content, hot temperature and high humidity, the potential is to be even more influential.

Figure 1. The experimental setup of biofilm formation on sewer sediment (left) and freeze dried EPS (right)

The experimental work was carried out in varying wastewater percentage from 10%, 20% and 100% with the bed consists of homogeneous sediment with grain median size of 150µm. The setup was done in a flocculator (shown in Figure 1) with 60 rpm rotational speed to imitate the common shear stress at dry flow. The samples were kept mixed for 118 hours before the Extra Polymer Substance (EPS) extraction procedure using cation exchange technique. As shown in Figure 1, freeze dried EPS indicates that biofilm was formed on sewer sediment with relatively high quantity. Preliminary results show that the approach produced reliability results and has high potential for meaningful analysis in studying the effect of biofilm on sewer processes.

For further correspondence kindly contact: Dr. Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar Department of Civil & Structural Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89216229 Email: hanna@ukm.edu.my

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Heritage Refurbishment Assessment Scheme (HeRAS)

H

eritage is the reflection of our past for our future, a fundamental aspect underpinning any country ’s national identity. Existing buildings, not new, hold this strategic role. The impact of climate change and sustainable living will revolutionise cities as we see it today. The trichotomy of technical-philosophical-local factors is the key to produce a bespoke sustainability heritage scheme. Technical leads are experts in building pathology, heritage preservation and environmental sustainability; philosophical leads focuses on management and practicality of the scheme; local leads on the domestic knowledge and governance. It is well documented that conservation, maintenance and upkeep of heritage buildings are poor. Past schemes focus only on technical competencies, which led to unhappy stakeholders and poor community participation. Unique traditional designs, localised materials and micro-climates are leading factors to develop a bespoke refurbishment assessment scheme for heritage buildings for Malaysia. Past schemes placed too much emphasis on technical and building pathology. This research will put into focus the people and process factors and will be specifically discussing on stakeholder management, social perceptions and the younger generation.

This research could also potentially transform the Malaysian heritage industry in conserving and refurbishing existing heritage buildings by improving environmental sustainability, cut carbon emissions and enhancing building conditions.

Figure 1. Officiating Ceremony by Dato’ Mayor of Penang City Council in Heritage Refurbishment Assessment Scheme (HeRAS) Workshop at the Northam All Suite, Penang

The objectives of the research are to critically appraise, assess and synthesise pertinent literature and industry practice surrounding environmental sustainability schemes within the built environment, with specific reference to key issues, enablers and barriers appertaining to heritage buildings. Other than that, the research will explore, survey and establish heritage projects as a social value among the younger generation and their relationship with historic monuments. Also, it will cogitate, investigate and scrutinise applicable assessment criterion for assessing refurbished heritage buildings regionally and globally, vis-Ă -vis, Key Performance Indicators. Lastly, this research will define, evaluate and develop a heritage refurbishment assessment scheme bespoke for Malaysia, with specific input key stakeholders.

The aim of the research has been achieved partly, through 5 days focus group discussion conducted in Penang called International Workshop of HeRAS 2017 (in Figure 1). Lead by MAS and UK coordinator together with four highly reputable mentors from both countries, HeRAS was held from 14 th to 18 th August 2017 at The Northam All Suite, Penang. 14 selected participants came from wide spectrum of expertise, ranging from archaeology to glazing, and experience from the tourism to petrochemical industries. Here, participants from the UK, Belarus, Ghana, Greece, Nigeria, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Malaysia were gathered in HeRAS workshop that hosted by UKM, Malaysia (in Figure 2).

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CURRENT RESEARCH

Figure 2. Heritage Walk to Khoo Kongsi, Penang

For further correspondence kindly contact: Dr. Noraini Hamzah Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603 8921 6219 Email: ainhamzah@ukm.edu.my

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Towards Malaysia Green Industry with Low Carbon Emission by Implementing Supply Chain Management

M

alaysia as one of the fast-developing nations has an important role to participate in driving climate change programme. One of the offered solutions to support the programme is the Reduction of CO 2 Emission. According to World Resource Institute in 2012, the main contributor to the amount of CO2 emission in Malaysia is generally caused by human activities in sub-sector include electricity (48.68%), manufacturing (17.20%), transportation (19.44), fugitive emission (10.05%), and other fuel combustion (4.62%). Due to the increment of CO 2 emission, in 2009, Malaysia aimed to reduce its CO 2 emissions intensity by 40% (based on its 2005 levels) by 2020 at the 15 th Conference of Parties (COP15) in Copenhagen.

It is important to highlight that Malaysia may take greater attention to industrial process towards CO 2 emission reduction from energy usage. The reason is the industry requires much energy (electricity, fuel combustion) and transportation to processing and delivering the product from manufacturer to customer. For mitigating CO 2 emission, energy efficiency must be the main priority since the amount of energy consumed is dependent on the material being processed. Hence, managing the flow of material from the manufacturer to the end-customer is highly important by considering environmental aspects (green) into supply chain management (SCM). Integrating green concept into SCM is the effort to invite supply chain (SC) manager or academician to rethink SC process which not only emphasises on business profit but also environmental impact. In greening the SC, companies need to incorporate management of CO 2 emission in the business decision process to reduce negative environmental impact in the entire SC operation. To do so, drawing the SC operation system is the first task which can identify which process and decision will affect the SC performance. The example of SC operations is shown in Figure 1, which is taken from one of the metal companies in Malaysia.

Environment

CO2 emission Supplier

Raw Material

Raw material quantity Production quantity Fuel usage Electricity usage

Input

Note:

Production

Boundary level

Material flow

CO2 emission

CO2 emission Customer Transportation

Shipment size Number of shipment Fuel usage Distance travelled

Customer-1

Customer-2

Customer-3

Customer-4

Shipment size

Figure 1. Supply chain process with environmental consideration

Based on the figure above, the next step is assessing the CO 2 emission from each process depending on the input given. For example, fuel and electricity usage to operate the machine in production process for converting the amount of raw material into final product. From transportation process, the CO 2 emission can be assessed based on the weight of shipment size, fuel usage, number of shipment, and distance travelled. The example formula to assess CO 2 emission can be obtained from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is generally expressed as. đ??śđ??śđ??śđ??ś!,!"#$ = đ?‘ˆđ?‘ˆ!"#$ (đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸!"! đ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??ş!"! + đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸!"! đ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??ş!"! + đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸!!! đ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??ş!!! )

Where CF e isđ??śđ??śđ??śđ??ś total CO 2 emission by type fuelof (Kg CO(Kg e).CO2e). is amount combusted (Terajoule,TJ).

Where CO2 emission by of type fuel đ?‘ˆđ?‘ˆ!"#$ of is fuel amount of fuel combusted ! is total 2 are default emission factor of a given GHG by type of fuel (Kg Gas/TJ). are global warming potential (Terajoule,TJ). đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸ , đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸ , đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸ are default emission factor of a given GHG by type of fuel (Kg !"! !"! !! ! for spesific gas, CO!"2 đ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??ş assummed to be 1, 28, and 265, respectively.

Gas/TJ). đ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??ş , and đ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??ş

are global warming potential for spesific gas, CO2 !"! !! ! ! đ??śđ??śđ??śđ??ś! and đ?‘ đ?‘ ! đ?‘‚đ?‘‚ assummed to be 1, 28, and 265, respectively.

In order to analyse CO2 emission in SC, it is better to collect the data with one year duration.

This is because SC manager can monitor and control CO2 emission and make an improvement INNOVATE VOLUME 10 to reduce the total emission per year. The example result of assessing CO2 emission for one year is shown in Figure 2.

350.00

Produckon

Where đ??śđ??śđ??śđ??ś! is total CO2 emission by type of fuel (Kg CO2e). đ?‘ˆđ?‘ˆ!"#$ is amount of fuel combusted (Terajoule,TJ). đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸!"! , đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸!"! , đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸đ??¸!!! are default emission factor of a given GHG by type of fuel (Kg Gas/TJ). đ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??ş!"! đ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??ş!"! , and đ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??ş!!! are global warming potential for spesific gas, CO2 CURRENT RESEARCH đ??śđ??śđ??śđ??ś 22! and đ?‘ đ?‘ ! đ?‘‚đ?‘‚ assummed to be 1, 28, and 265, respectively.

In order to analyse CO2 emission in SC, it is better to collect the data with one year duration.

In order to analyse CO 2 emission in SC, it is better to collect the data with one year duration. This This is is because because SC SC manager manager can can monitor and control emission an improvement monitor and control COCO2 emission and and makemake an improvement to reduce 2 the total per year.

The example result of result assessing CO 2 emission foremission one yearfor is shown to reduce the emission total emission per year.

The example of assessing CO2 one in Figure 2. year is shown in Figure 2.

CO2 emission (metric ton)

350.00

Produckon

300.00 Transportakon

250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00

Figure 2. CO2 emission per year Figure 2. CO2 emission per year

After that, to reduce CO 2 emission per year, optimisation modeling of SC system with environmental After consideration that, to reduce emission to per optimisation modeling of SC system is the CO2 next challenge be year, proposed.

The objective is to optimise the inputwith variable environmental is the next be proposed.

The objective is to which affectsconsideration the SC performance.

This taskchallenge is known asto decision-making process as a way of effectively managing the flow of material lower emissions as well as This cost. task This is approach be used as an optimise the input variable which with affects the SC performance. known can as decisionalternative in carbon-reducing technologies.

Although Malaysia alreadyas works making process to as costly a way investment of effectively managing the flow of material with lower emissions in Clean Development Management (CDM) project under United Nations Framework Convention well as cost. This approach can be used as an alternative to costly investment in carbon- on Climate Change via renewable project or technology for sustainability, the number of reducing technologies.

Although energy Malaysia already works in transfer Clean Development Management CDM projects is still low when compared to countries like China, Mexico, India, and Korea.

Therefore, (CDM) project under United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change via renewable this becomes a very interesting topic for researchers to solve the environmental impact through energy project or technology transfer for sustainability, the number of CDM projects is still management science. This work can largely contribute to utilising the energy consumption by low when compared to countries like China, Mexico, India, and Korea. Therefore, this capturing the notion of doing more activities with fewer resources. Therefore, reducing CO 2 emission becomes a very interesting topic for researchers to solve the environmental impact through through SCM is one of the effective ways to promote green industries in Malaysia. management science. This work can largely contribute to utilising the energy consumption by capturing the notion of doing more activities with fewer resources. Therefore, reducing CO2 emission through SCM is one of the effective ways to promote green industries in Malaysia.

For further correspondence kindly contact:

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Nizam Bin Ab Rahman

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering For further correspondence kindly contact: Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Nizam Bin Ab Rahman Tel: 603-8921 6449 / 8921 4929 Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering

Email: mnizam@ukm.edu.my Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-8921 6449 / 8921 4929 Email: mnizam@ukm.edu.my

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Role of RFID Technology as an Evolving Catalyst for Lean Implementation in SMEs to Enrich Customer Benefits

L

ean is basically a fundamental philosophy which was first introduced by Toyota in 1950’s after World War II and opened a new gate for fast and proficient production to achieve maximum customer satisfaction in automotive manufacturing industry. Lean basically works to minimise seven common wastes involved and these wastes are over production, inventory, transportation, over processing, excessive waiting, defects and excessive motions. These wastes are actually non-value added activities in ongoing operations. The pioneer slogan of lean was the “production without wastes” and this slogan then became an implementable concept which was further adopted by many manufacturing companies in 1990’s to achieve good quality products on cheaper prices for consumers.

The lean concept involves only big automotive industries, but in the last two decades, this trend shifted towards other manufacturing SMEs and it has been observed that to get involvement of management and employees is to deploy lean concepts in SMEs, a proper mandatory which helps to increase lean awareness and culture to achieve good customer handling. Hence, in order to achieve lean culture, the leading problem faced by the management is the lack of availability of “Autonomous Operational Visibility ” in manufacturing operations. “Autonomous operational visibility ” is not only helpful to achieve shorter production lead times but also helpful to achieve employ administration, which are the leading pillars to achieve (and sustain) excellent customer satisfaction in society.

Furthermore, this requirement raised a voice of help to the developers and users of modern technologies which developed wireless technologies like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to help the world and achieve operational visibility (Figure 1). In the last two decades, it has been clearly observed that the modern world has facilitated the society by entering an era of wireless communication and there is an emergence of lot of modern technologies like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The core property of RFID technology such as chip-based wireless communication, autonomous tracking and availability of real time data facility have been successfully utilised by many sectors like logistics and retails to achieve customer satisfaction.

Transportation

Inventory and asset tracking

Library applications

Food Retailing

Retailing

Figure 1. Application and technologies of RFID

In the beginning, there was some cost issues associated with it especially for SMEs. However, in the last decade, these cost issues are under control and minimised through electronic advancements and can be utilised in SMEs. It has been further observed that the utilisation of RFID technology is highly beneficial for food retail sectors where foods which expire quickly can easily handled to reach the shop floor at the right time.

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CURRENT RESEARCH Hence, the modern manufacturing world is now running towards lean rules to achieve waste free production through utilisation of properties of RFID technology. As there is an availability of synchronised operational Visibility through RFID, this property of RFID not only helps top management and employees to achieve fast manufacturing of goods with minimised cost and high quality, but also implicates brilliant benefits to society by providing high customer satisfactions.

Lastly, this merger of lean and RFID technology synchronization concept helps the society to raise a slogan of “ Think of anything and it will be at your door �.

For further correspondence kindly contact: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Nizam Bin Ab Rahman Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-8921 6449 / 8921 4929 Email: mnizam@ukm.edu.my

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Unidirectional Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polylactic-Acid Composites for Automotive Interior Component Application

O

ver the past few years, the use of natural fibres and biopolymers composites has been considerable attraction among automotive component manufacturers. Besides its low density and comparable strength modulus with petro-chemical based composites, these materials are fully biodegradable and can further minimise the impact of environmental pollution. In addition, with regulations issued by the European Commission which stated that in year 2005, 85% of the weight of the vehicle should be recyclable and this percentage was increased to 95% by 2015. Previous studies mostly focused on partially biodegradable composite from the petro-chemical based thermoplastics or randomly short natural fibres because of their associated ease of process and good mechanical performance.

However, little work has been carried out on natural fibres in unidirectional orientation. Therefore, this research aims to fabricate green composites using unidirectional long kenaf fibres reinforced with polylactic-acid (PLA) as well as investigation on the composite’s thermoformability. The composite is produced by the film stacking method using hot press machine.

Results of the study showed that 50% kenaf composition was suitable and the experimental design using response surface method (RSM) through Box-Behken Design was used to optimise the hot press processing parameters. ANOVA analysis shows that all processing parameters such as temperature, pressure and heating time give a significant impact on tensile properties. Results showed that for 50 wt% of kenaf, the process parameters were at 3 MPa pressure for 8 minutes at temperature of 200°C. Furthermore, detailed characterisation of the mechanical, physical, thermal properties of the unidirectional kenaf/PLA composites was carried out using the optimal processing parameters.

The effect of fiber orientation (0°, 45° and 90°) on tensile and flexural properties were studied at different temperatures (30°C, 60°C, 90°C and 120°C). The experimental results showed that at ambient temperature, the tensile strength and Young modulus at 0° increased by 230% and 630%, respectively. Although tensile strength was lower at 45° and 90° orientation, Young ’s modulus increased significantly by 48% and 27% respectively as opposed to pure PLA. The same trend was also observed with the flexural properties of unidirectional kenaf/PLA composite.

At ambient temperature, flexural strength and modulus at 0° orientation increased by 232% and 524%, respectively. However, the mechanical properties of the composites were lower than the pure PLA at 45° and 90° orientations. Numerical simulation were also utilised to look for thermoformability of the green composites generated using experimental data. In conclusion, green composites consisting of unidirectional long kenaf fibres reinforced PLA composites have better mechanical properties than pure PLA and other natural fibres reinforced with the synthethic thermoplastic such as Polypropylene (PP). This composite has a potential to be developed for fabrication of automotive interior components.

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the composite fabrication and diagrams of kenaf/PLA composites samples at different orientations; (a) 0º, (b) 45º, and (c) 90º

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Tensile Strength (MPa) Tensile Strength (MPa)

220 200 220 180 200 160 180 140 160 120 140 100 120 80 100 60 80 40 60 20 40 0 20 0

30°C 60°C 90°C 120°C 30°C 60°C 90°C 120°C Temperature (Celcius)

PL A PL 0° A 0° 45 ° 45 °

Young's Modulus (MPa) Young's Modulus (MPa)

CURRENT RESEARCH Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the composite fabrication and diagrams of kenaf/PLA composites samples at different orientations; (a) 0º, (b) and (c)of90º Fig u re 1. Schematic diagram of the composite fabrication and45º, diagrams kenaf/PLA composites samples at different orientations; (a) 0º, (b) 45º, and (c) 90º

26

Temperature (Celcius)

20000 20000 17500 17500 15000 15000 12500 10000 12500 7500 10000 5000 7500 2500 5000 0 2500 0 30°C 60°C 90°C 120°C 30°C 60°C 90°C 120°C Temperature (Celcius)

Temperature (Celcius)

PLA PLA 0° 0° 45° 45° 90° 90°

250 250 200 200 150 150 100 100 50 50 0 0 27°C 60°C 90°C 120°C 27°C 60°C 90°C 120°C Temperature (Celcius)

Temperature (Celcius)

PLA PLA 0° 0° 45° 45° 90° 90°

Flexural Modulus (MPa) Flexural Modulus (MPa)

Flexural Strength (MPa) Flexural Strength (MPa)

Figure 2. Tensile strength and young’s modulus of PLA and kenaf/PLA composites at different orientation with temperature variation Figure 2. Tensile strength and young’s modulus of PLA and kenaf/PLA composites at different orientation with temperature variation Fig u re 2. Tensile strength and young’s modulus of PLA and kenaf/PLA composites at different orientation with temperature variation

20000 20000 15000 15000 10000 10000 5000 5000 0 0

Temperature (Celcius) Temperature (Celcius)

PLA PLA 0° 0° 45° 45° 90° 90°

Figure 3. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of PLA and kenaf/PLA composites at different orientation with temperature variation

Figure 3. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of PLA and kenaf/PLA composites at different orientation with temperature variation

Foru re further correspondence Fig 3. Flexural strength and flexuralkindly modulus contact: of PLA and kenaf/PLA composites at different orientation with temperature variation

Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Abu Bakar Sulong

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment For further correspondence kindly contact:

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia For further correspondence kindly contact: 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Abu Bakar Sulong Tel: 603-89216678 Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Abu Bakar Sulong Email: abubakar@ukm.edu.my Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Tel: 603-89216678 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Email: abubakar@ukm.edu.my Tel: 603-89216678

Email: abubakar@ukm.edu.my

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Two Component Powder Injection Molding (2C-PIM) of Stainless Steel (SS17-4PH) and Yttria Stabilised Zirconia (3YSZ)

D

ue to rapid technological advancement, there have been rising demand globally for multifunctional and high performance components in many engineering applications such as in auto engines, microelectronics etc. These components require functions or properties which cannot be obtained using monolithic materials such as in conventional powder injection molding or other metal casting processes. The 2C-PIM is thus a unique choice for combining two materials with incompatible properties to produce a variety of metals and ceramic components with complex shapes and density at economic cost. The challenge is usually on how to obtain a reliable bonding since the two materials involved possess different physical and thermal properties. Previous researches are scanty as large scale adoption of this technology is yet to be achieved and hence a subject of intensive research focuses.

The objective of this research is therefore to investigate the feasibility of fabricating a bi-material from stainless steel (17-4PH) and (3YSZ) through 2C-PIM and to evaluate the bonding mechanisms, microstructure, metallography and mechanical properties. In this investigation, the powders were first characterised. Two feedstocks with optimal powder loading 68vol% for 17-4PH and 50vol% for 3YSZ were prepared, each corresponding to 3vol% lower than critical solid loading. Two binder system of Palm stearin (PS) and Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were utilised as a common binder in the ratio of 60wt%/40wt%. The feedstock mixing was performed using Brabender mixer and the rheological behavior under a temperature of 130 o C, 140 o C and 150 o C was investigated using Schimadzu capillary rheometer.

The rheological results indicated pseudo- plastic and shear thinning behavior acceptable for PIM. The feedstock was processed in sequence using screw type injection molding (BOY22A) to form a bi-material. The result of the green tests indicated good compaction and uniform distribution of powders. Solvent extraction of the binder (PS) was performed in acetone at a temperature of 500c for 6hours. Thermal decomposition of the remaining binder component was performed in two steps in a split furnace under argon atmosphere. The sintering compatibility of 17-4PH and 3YSZ were quantified by isothermal sintering of the single materials of 3YSZ and SS17-4PH in vacuum at 1250 0 C, 1300 0 C and 1350 0 C for 2hrs. The single materials of SS17-4PH and 3YSZ indicated densities of 94%, 97%, 97% and 93%, 95% 97% respectively. The bi-materials were subsequently sintered at 12500c and 1300 0 C under similar conditions in vacuum. The result indicated that linear shrinkage of the bi-materials increased from 10% to 12% while density improved from 96% to 97%%.

The effect of sintering time and heating rate on the bonding were also evaluated. The densities of the sintered samples were measured using Archimedes method according to MPIF standard 42.

Dilatometry investigation was conducted to evaluate expansion mechanisms, phase changes and mass transport phenomena. Microstructural and metallographic preparations were performed. The SEM, XRD and EDX analysis were evaluated. The hardness at the interface of bi-materials samples sintered at different temperatures using Vickers micro indentation instrument was determined and evaluated. The sintered components of 3YSZ, SS17-4PH and 3YSZ.17-4PH were also subjected to tensile tests to evaluate their bonding strength and mechanical properties. The XRD and EDX results show presence of chromium at the bonding zone as shown in Figure 1.

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CURRENT RESEARCH

SEM micrograph of SS17-4PH/3YSZ interface

17 - 4PH

3YSZ 17 - 4PH SEM micrograph of SS17-4PH injected part

-

3YSZ SEM micrograph of 3YSZ injected part

Figure 1. SEM micrographs of 2C-PIM of SS17-4PH with 3YSZ; Injected part of SS17-4PH/3YSZ (top) and

Figu re 1. SE M m icro graphs o f 2C -PIM ofSS17-4PH/3YSZ SS17 -4 P H w ithat3 Y1300oC SZ ; Injected Sintered part of (bottpart om)of SS17-4PH/3YSZ (top) and o Sintered part of SS17-4PH/3YSZ at 1300 C (bottom)

For further correspondence kindly contact:

Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Abu Bakar Sulong For further correspondence kindly contact: Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment Assoc. Ir. Dr. Abu Bakar Sulong Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment Tel: 603-89216678 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Email: abubakar@ukm.edu.my 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89216678 Email: abubakar@ukm.edu.my

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PIV Measurements of Vortex Structure Around Anti Vortex Device (AVD) at Pump Suction Inlet

P

ump is the most important component in a pumping station. One of the factors that influenced the efficiency of pump operation is the intake flow. Although a uniform intake flow is favourable in any case, achieving one is a challenging task due to on-site conditions. When a non-uniform flow, or sometimes called an asymmetrical flow, approaches the pump inlet, swirls and vortices will be created which are detrimental to the pump impeller due to potential vibration and cavitation phenomenon. One of the ways to alleviate the problem is to install an anti-vortex device (AVD) at the vicinity of the pump suction inlet. It was found that the design of AVD greatly influences the effectiveness of the vortex reduction in pump sump in which some of the designs may not fully suppress the vortices but enhance the vorticity in the flow instead. Therefore, it is crucial that the feature of AVD design be systematically studied in order to achieve the most optimal AVD design for the reduction of vorticity in pump sump. The use of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a practical approach to evaluate the effectiveness of vorticity reduction by AVD in which the flow profile around AVD is captured and analysed quantitatively. An experimental rig for the study has been constructed which consists of a water flow channel and a pump system complete with PIV system as illustrated in Figure 1(a). The area in the vicinity of the pump suction inlet is made from transparent material to enable PIV measurements (Figure 1(b)) while the rest of the channel structure is made from mild steel.

Figure 1(a): Experimental rig consists of water channel system and PIV system

Figure 1(b): Transparent section of the experimental rig

Preliminary tests were conducted to identify the type of vortices that may occur in the pump sump model (Figure 2(a)). The results showed that both surface and subsurface vortices were present in the experimental setting in which the strength of each vortex type varied with the submergence depth of the pump inlet. PIV images were also produced to identify the location and size of the vortices formed in the pump suction inlet as shown in Figure 2(b).

A simulation of the flow in the pump sump was conducted to predict the outcome of the study validated by data from the experiments available in the literature. Four specimens of AVD were tested in the simulation which had different cross sections as depicted in Figure 3 and the results showed that the outcome varied for each specimen. AVD with trapezoidal base shape produced the best vortex suppression ability.

Figure 2(a): PIV measurements taken in the test section

Figure 2(b): PIV images of the results

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CURRENT RESEARCH By reducing the apex size of the cross section to zero, vorticity reduction was enhanced compared to rectangular shaped cross section. On the other hand, trapezoidal shaped cross section with rounded edges displayed stronger vortex reduction ability but limited to areas where small interference from counter flows. The AVD with triangular cross section managed to reduce the most vorticity in the areas affected by external flows which benefitted from its sharp apex.

Figure 3: AVD specimens in the simulation

The outcome of the study not only contributes to the knowledge on AVD design but serves a greater purpose in which the design of a compact pumping station may be accomplished. The standard design of pump sump which is implemented nowadays imposes restrictions on the sizing of the sump which leads to larger sump size due to the geometries that can affect the uniformity of the intake flow. With the installation of an optimally designed AVD, the size of the sump can be compromised and at the same time, efficient pump operation can still be achieved.

For further correspondence kindly contact: Ir. Dr. Zambri Harun Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89126518 Email: zambri@ukm.edu.my

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Strengthening Behaviour of High Pressure Torsion Processedaluminium Alloy Using Finite Element Approach

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ecent industrial developments especially in automotive and aeronautics illustrate the current needs for lightweight materials with superior strength properties. One of the promising metal forming techniques in generating such properties is High Pressure Torsion (HPT). Advancement in HPT technique in generating nano-grained materials with exceptional mechanical and physical properties is well-recognised. However to date, the characterisation of HPT-processed sample is still ambiguous and certainly requires further detail analysis. Characteristics generated by HPT vary between different materials, processing condition and test apparatus configuration. Consequently, researchers are facing challenges in characterising the HPT-processed sample strengthening behaviour in a timely and affordable manner. One such possible solution is the use of finite element approach which integrates computational intelligence to assist in evaluating mechanics of the HPTprocessed materials. Material strengthening by HPT is basically achieved through the application of a high hydrostatic pressure and torsional straining to a sample that is placed between two massive anvils, as illustrated in Figure 1. These applied forces subsequently deform the sample to extremely large plastic strains. Since this process involves the plastic region of material deformation, the proposed plasticity model considers the elastoplastic material with large plastic strains.

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of quasi-constrained HPT process

The application of numerical modelling and simulation in manufacturing industry has been continuously emerging. Simultaneous effect of various processing parameters can be thoroughly observed and the conventional time-consuming and expensive trial-and-error methods can be concurrently minimised in order to accommodate the current demand for the enhanced material design. It would certainly be of great help in establishing a greater degree of understanding and accuracy in strengthening lightweight material, in this case, aluminium alloy through HPT.

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CURRENT RESEARCH For further correspondence kindly contact: Dr. Intan Fadhlina Mohamed Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6012-3287655 Email: intanfadhlina@ukm.edu.my Fauziana Lamin Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6012-2162492 Email: fauziana1215@gmail.com Professor Ir. Dr. Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Ihsan Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6019-2735012 Email: kamal3@ukm.edu.my

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Analysis of Corrosion Behavior Under Loading Using Boundary Element Method and Polarisation Measurement

T

he boundary element method using 3D is employed to solve the Laplace’s equation, for identifying and presenting the analysis of expected effect of stress level which is assumed as the variable parameters. The aim of this work is to develop boundary element method 3D to simulate corrosion phenomenon, by considering experimental polarisation curve as variable due to the magnitude of stress level and to analyse the effects on the polarisation response to the degree of stress in the specific corrosive environment. The polarisation data-stressed and non-stressed areas on the surface of steel are used to solve the model, which is represented by each polarisation curve in the Boundary Element Method (BEM) code. Experimental tests are conducted on Type 304 SS material. All specimens were immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution for 240 hours. Applying ASTM G38, BEM technique is used for modelling marine environment with seawater. In this method, the potential is modelled

by Laplace’s equation. Laplace’s equation is solved by the BEM to obtain the potential and current density in the surface. The simulation was validated with experiment showed the computer code is a very helpful tool for presenting the analysis of expected effect of stress level of marine structures.

Potential and current density along the boundary of the region are successfully calculated using BEM. The results show that the BEM is used to solve the Laplace’s equation to simulate corrosion, identify and presents the expecting effect of stress level. This study presents an analysis of corrosion in the case of a specimen that has undergone loading using the boundary element method.

Stress corrosion cracking is a mechanism that should appropriately include research into the relationship between the effects of mechanical loads in response to the material environment. This case study is to examine the relationship between corrosion and stress. The study can be performed using electrochemical techniques on specimens that have undergone loading or stress. A combination of the (ASTM G-38 2007) standard and the finite element method (FEM) was used to obtain the correlation between the deflection and the resultant stress values as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Stress distribution during the deflection (a) stress along straight line was drawn on the surface (b) stress along the edge

Similarly, the ASTM G108 standard is utilised for the electrochemical analysis. The standard describes the steps that must be taken to conduct the electrochemical measurement of the AISI 304 stainless steel specimens. The main apparatus were involved in carrying out the study as shown in Figure 2.

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CURRENT RESEARCH

Figure 2. Specimen with 1 cm2 area of exposure

For further correspondence kindly contact: Professor Ir. Dr. Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Ihsan Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 60192735012 Email: kamal3@ukm.edu.my Saber Rashid Ali Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 01123342972 Email: saberrashid2@yahoo.com Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Zaki Nuawi Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 0193456697 Email: mzn@ukm.edu.my

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Fatigue Life Assessment of AlSi10Mg: A Powder Bed Laser-fused Material

T

he additive manufacturing (AM) for metal is becoming the most trending research topic nowadays.

This technology is very essential for the manufacturing industries since it can be used to manufacture complicated geometries. One of the most popular application of this powder bed laserfused technology is in cooling system design. Figure 1 shows one of the example of cooling system produced by AM. As we know, the engine efficiency is correlated with how well the heat can be reduced, hence the cooling system design. Due to the idea of implementing AM is to produce a muchcomplicated design, the cooling channel can be printed-out by having smaller cooling channel inside the engine system. The potential of AM not only benefits automotive and aerospace industries, but also gives major advantages for the medical doctors to create bones implant without having to cut open the patient to do measurements.

Figure Cooling Channel Channel(Source: (Source:EOS) EOS) Figure1.1.Tooling ToolingCore Core with with Conformal Conformal Cooling

SinceSince this this technology is still hencehence more more investigation is needed to ensure the credibility technology is recent, still recent, investigation is needed to ensure the of the powder of bed laser-fused technology as technology a product. as Among the investigation needs to be credibility the powder bed laser-fused a product.

Among the that investigation performed is theto monotonic and is fatigue life testingand to get the properties In this of study, that needs be performed the monotonic fatigue life testing ofto the get material. the properties the AlSi10Mg material is manufactured using direct metal laser sinteringusing (DMLS).

Themetal specimens the material.

In this study, the AlSi10Mg material is manufactured direct laser are manufactured following thespecimens ASTM E8 standard.

The specimen is divided by two as-built sintering (DMLS).

The are manufactured following the ASTM E8 categories, standard. The specimen and is peak hardened (T6) specimen.as-built Figure specimen 2 compares thepeak tensile test result the as-built specimen divided by two categories, and hardened (T6) of specimen. and Figure T6 specimens.

From the result, the as-built specimen maximum at 391.9 2 compares the tensile test result of the as-built shows and T6 higher specimens.

From stress the result, MPathe compared T6 at 287.2 MPa. Higher strain isstress also exhibited by the T6 specimen, showing as-built to specimen shows higher maximum at 391.9 MPa compared to T6 at 287.2 the ductility behavior.

MPa. Higher strain is also exhibited by the T6 specimen, showing the ductility behavior.

STRESS MPa

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

T6 - SIMULATION T6 - EXPERIMENT AS BUILT EXPERIMENT AS BUILT SIMULATION 0

2

4 STRAIN %

6

8

Figure 2. Comparison between experiments and simulation for the tensile test results Figure 2. Comparison between experiments and simulation for the tensile test results

The The fatigue life prediction always becomes a major issue issue to guarantee the integrity and reliability fatigue life prediction always becomes a major to guarantee the integrity and reliability for aircraft, automotive, aircraft, bridges and engineering many more engineering structures. the Therefore, for automotive, bridges and many more structures. Therefore, fatigue life the is fatigue life testing is performed for treated as-built (T6). and heat treated (T6). Figure 3 compares the testing performed for as-built and heat Figure 3 compares the fatigue life behavior fatigue life specimens. behavior between both specimens.

The T6 life specimens shows higher life cycles between both The T6 specimens shows higher cycles compared to as-built because as-built because the 4T6 material more ductile. shows the the compared T6 materialto more ductile.

Figure shows the surface fracture Figure of the 4 specimen duesurface to fatigue fracture of the specimen due to fatigue crack propagation obtained from the fatigue test. The crack propagation obtained from the fatigue test. The crack is initiated from the surface prior to the is propagated initiated from the surface prior to the crack being propagated before it finally failed. is crackcrack being before it finally failed.

From these preliminary results, more investigation From these preliminary results, more investigation is still needed to enhance the reliability still needed to enhance the reliability and integrity of the powder bed laser-fused materials. and integrity of the powder bed laser-fused materials.

400

As-Built imum Stress, MPa

300 200 100 0

Heat-Treated (T6)

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As-Built

Heat-Treated (T6)

300 Maximum Stress, MPa

36

the fatigue life testing is performed for as-built and heat treated (T6). Figure 3 compares the fatigue life behavior between both specimens. The T6 specimens shows higher life cycles compared to as-built because the T6 material more ductile. Figure 4 shows the surface fracture of the specimen due to fatigue crack propagation obtained from the fatigue test. The crack is initiated from the surface prior to the crack being propagated before it finally failed.

CURRENT RESEARCH From these preliminary results, more investigation is still needed to enhance the reliability and integrity of the powder bed laser-fused materials.

200 100 0 1.00E+03

1.01E+05

2.01E+05

3.01E+05

4.01E+05

5.01E+05

6.01E+05

Number of Cycles, N

Figure 3. Fatigue life behavior of as-built and heat-treated (T6) specimens

Figure 3. Fatigue life behavior of as-built and heat-treated (T6) specimens

(a)

(b)

Figure 4. Fatigue fracture surface of (a) as-built. (b) heat-treated (T6)

For further correspondence kindly contact: Professor Ir. Dr. Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Ihsan Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6019-2735012 Email: kamal3@ukm.edu.my Mohammad Shamil Saari Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6011-14608525 Email: mohdshamil.shaari@yahoo.com Professor Ir. Dr. Shahrum Abdullah Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6019-3006199 Email: shahrum@ukm.edu.my Assoc. Prof. Dr. Akiyuki Takahashi Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo University of Science 278-8510 Chiba, JAPAN Tel: Email: takahash@rs.noda.tus.ac.jp

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Peridynamic Model for Viscoelastic Creep and Fracture Behaviours

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ecently, fracture mechanic has been an important aspect in many fields of engineering research.

Automotive, aerospace, military equipment and building construction are the examples of fields that demand for high proficiency in fracture mechanic. Focusing on automotive industry, fracture may occur in die cast engine components due to creep as the result of high pressure and high temperature condition. A good numerical method that can simulate creep deformation and creep fracture behaviour is required to assist this problem. A recently introduced numerical method on fracture mechanic i.e. peridynamic (PD) method is proposed in this work. PD method has good capability in simulating crack properties of materials due to its non-local relation and integral equation basis.

The The major contribution of this method is it is overcomes the the disability of the conventional major contribution of this method it overcomes disability of the conventional Finite Element Method (FEM) which is unable to intrinsically simulate discontinuity such as as Finite Element Method (FEM) which is unable to intrinsically simulate discontinuity The major contribution of this method is it overcomes the disability of the conventionalsuch Finite crack and dislocation due to differential equation basis.

An extension of Finite Element crack and dislocation due to differential equation basis. An extension such of Finite Element Element Method (FEM) which is unable to intrinsically simulate discontinuity as crack and method i.e. contribution Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) has been introduced solve this this The method major of Finite this method is it overcomes the disability of the to conventional Extended Element (XFEM) has been introduced dislocation duei.e. to differential equation basis. Method An extension of Finite Element method to i.e. solve Extended drawback but it is it quite complex in which the numerical meshing is denser at the with Finite Element Method (FEM) which is unable to intrinsically simulate discontinuity such as but is quite complex which the denser at area the area with Finite drawback Element Method (XFEM) has been in introduced tonumerical solve this meshing drawbackis but it is quite complex in high possibility of crack initiation.

Otherwise, PD concept allows crack prediction without any crack and dislocation due to differential equation basis.

An extension of Finite Element high possibility of crack initiation.

Otherwise, PD concept allows crack prediction without any which the numerical meshing is denser at the area with high possibility of crack initiation. Otherwise, requirement to locate the crack initiation area and to intensify meshes at the area. Numerous i.e.

Extended Finite Element (XFEM) has been introduced to solve area this and requirement to locate the crack initiation area and to intensify meshes at the area. Numerous PDmethod concept allows crack prediction withoutMethod any requirement to locate the crack initiation PD test results have been achieved on elastic material fracture behaviours. drawback but it is quite complex in which the numerical meshing is denser at the area with PD test results have been achieved on elastic material fracture behaviours. to intensify meshes at the area. Numerous PD test results have been achieved on elastic material

high of crack initiation. Otherwise, PD concept allows crack prediction without any possibility fracture behaviours.

The PD formula as stated in equation (1) is similar to the finite element motion requirement to locate the crack initiation area and to intensify meshes at the area. Numerous The PD formula as stated in equation (1) is similar to conventional the conventional finite element motion equation except for the bond-force equation i.e. the first component in equation (1) where PD test results have been achieved on elastic material fracture behaviours. equation except for the bond-force equation i.e. the first component in equation (1) where The PD formula as stated in equation (1) is similar to the conventional finite element motion equation the conventional differential equation is replaced by an integral equation.

This PD motion

the conventional differential equation is replaced by an integral equation.

This PD motion except for the bond-force equation i.e. the first component in equation (1) where the conventional equation has dimension of per unit volume, In method, a particle, x only The equation PD formula as dimension stated in force equation (1) is unit similar to F/V. the conventional finite element motion has of per volume, F/V. In PD method, a has particle, x only differential equation is replaced byforce an integral equation.

This PDPD motion equation dimension of interact with other particle, x’ within the horizon of the particle x as shown in Figure 1(a). equation except for the bond-force equation i.e. the first component in equation (1) where interact with other particle, x’ within the horizon of the particle x as shown in Figure 1(a). force per unit volume, F/V. In PD method, a particle, x only interact with other particle, x’ within The green circle with radius is R the of particle which is red in The blue blue the conventional differential equation is horizon replaced by an x integral equation.

This PD motion The green with is the of particle x which is radius red colour. in The the horizon of thecircle particle x radius as R shown in horizon Figure 1(a).

The green circle with R colour. is the horizon of particles are the only particles that interact with particle x because they are inside the the equation has dimension of force per unit volume, F/V. In PD method, a particle, x only particles are the only particles that interact with particle x because they are inside particle x which is red in colour. The blue particles are the only particles that interact with particle x horizon. The horizon in 3-dimensional model is sphere in shape. interact with x’ within the horizon of the particle x as isshown horizon. The horizon in 3-dimensional model is sphere in shape. because they areother insideparticle, the horizon.

The horizon in 3-dimensional model spherein inFigure shape.1(a).

The green circle with radius R is the horizon of particle x which is red in colour. The blue particles are the only particles ∂ 2u 2 that interact with particle x because they are inside the horizon. The horizon in 3-dimensional model is sphere in shape.

(1) (1) ρ 2ρ ∂= udV = xʹfdVu fxʹu, t x, ʹu, t x,,ut ,xx, ʹt, x,,xtʹ, x+,bt +x,bt x, t ∂t ∂tR2 R xʹ

∂ 2u (1) ρ 2 = dVxʹf u xʹ, t , u x, t , xʹ, x, t + b x, t

∫ ∫ ( ( ( () () )( ) ) )( )( )

∂t

∫

( ( ) ( )

(a) (a) (a)

) ( )

R

(b) (b) (b)

Figure 1. (a) The nonlocal material interaction in PD method. (b) The three creep stages

Figure (a) nonlocal The nonlocal interaction PD method. (b) three The three stages Figure 1. (a)1.The material interacti on in PDinmethod. (b) The creepcreep stages material

(a) (b) The work is focused applying method on viscoelastic creep behaviour and and creep The work iswork focused on on applying PD PD method on viscoelastic (VE) (VE) creep behaviour and creep fracture.

The is focused on applying PD method on viscoelastic (VE) creep behaviour creep fracture.

Viscoelastic behaviour consists of viscous and elastic properties.

When stress is is Viscoelastic behaviour consists of viscous and elastic properties.

When stress is applied, viscoelastic Figure 1. (a) The nonlocal material interaction PD method.and (b) The three creep stages fracture. Viscoelastic behaviour consists of inviscous elastic properties.

When stress applied, viscoelastic shear flow and time strain linearly time and itand at stretches the

material resists shear material flowmaterial andresists strain linearly with and atlinearly thewith same time, and applied, viscoelastic resists shear flow and strain with time at same the same time, it stretches and quickly returns to original state once the stress is removed.

In quickly returns to original state once the stress is removed.

In performing large deformation test The time, work is focused on applying PD method on viscoelastic (VE) creep behaviour and creep it stretches and quickly returns to original state once the stress is removed. In large deformation test on occurs, viscoelastic material until until rupture occur s, viscoplastic onperforming viscoelastic material until rupture viscoplastic behaviour which is occur closely related fracture.

Viscoelastic behaviour consists viscous and elastic properties.

When is to performing large deformation test on of viscoelastic material rupture s, stress viscoplastic viscoelastic behaviour is also considered.

Viscoplasticity is inelastic behaviour of deformation that behaviour which is closely related to viscoelastic behaviour is also considered.

Viscoplasticity applied, viscoelastic material shear flow and strain linearly with time and at the same behaviour which is closely resists related to viscoelastic behaviour is also considered.

Viscoplasticity is inelastic behaviour of deformation that depends on rate at which load are applied. In creep time, it stretches and quickly returns to original state once the stress is removed. In is inelastic behaviour of deformation that depends on rate at which load are applied. In creep test, the specimen is applied with a on constant load load which is lower than the occur specimen ultimate performing deformation test viscoelastic material until rupture s, viscoplastic test, the large specimen is applied with a constant which is lower than the specimen ultimate INNOVATE 10 tensile strength and the elongation of viscoelastic the is observed until a VOLUME certain time time or until behaviour which is closely related to behaviour is also considered.

Viscoplasticity tensile strength and the elongation of specimen the specimen is observed until a certain or until rupture.

Viscoelastic creep curve i.e. strain against time time curve contains three main stages.

As As is inelastic behaviour of deformation that depends on rate at which load are applied. In creep rupture.

Viscoelastic creep curve i.e. strain against curve contains three main stages. shown in specimen Figure 1(b), the three stages are the primary, secondary and the tertiary creep stages test, the is 1(b), applied a stages constant load is lower than specimen ultimate shown in Figure the with three are the which primary, secondary and tertiary creep stages where the strain rate is decreasing, uniform and and increasing respectively. behaviour can can tensile strength and rate the elongation of the specimen is observed until a These certain time or until where the strain is decreasing, uniform increasing respectively.

These behaviour be divided into into two two types namely linear and against nonlinear VE curve and each type three can be described by rupture.

Viscoelastic creep curve i.e. strain time contains main As by be divided types namely linear and nonlinear VE and each type can be stages. described

38

CURRENT RESEARCH depends on rate at which load are applied. In creep test, the specimen is applied with a constant load which is lower than the specimen ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of the specimen is observed until a certain time or until rupture. Viscoelastic creep curve i.e. strain against time curve contains three main stages. As shown in Figure 1(b), the three stages are the primary, secondary and tertiary creep stages where the strain rate is decreasing, uniform and increasing respectively. These behaviour can be divided into two types namely linear and nonlinear VE and each type can be described by different constitutive equation.

The PD model for VE creep behaviour is derived by proper substitution of VE creep constitutive formula into material parameter in the PD formula. Several numerical tests were performed in validating the VE-PD model by comparing the numerical data with the experimental data. Two of the comparison results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2(a) shows the comparison of polypropylene (PP) isotactic creep curve with six different loadings. Whilst, Figure 2(b) illustrates the shapes of experimental and numerical PP specimens at the end of creep test. Both results demonstrate good similarities between numerical and experimental data.

(a)

(b)

Figure 2. (a) Comparison of PP isotactic creep curves with dierent loadings, (b) Comparison of PP specimen shape at the end of creep test

For further correspondence kindly contact: Professor Ir. Dr. Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Ihsan Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6019-2735012 Email: kamal3@ukm.edu.my Muhammad Azim Azizi Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6013-6131202 Email: azimazizi86@yahoo.co.uk Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zainuddin Sajuri Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6013-3334747 Email: zsajuri@ukm.edu.my Professor Dr. Ing. Nik Abdullah Nik Mohamed Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Pahang Malaysia 26600 Pekan Pahang MALAYSIA Tel: 6012-3239664 Email: enikkeister.1@gmail.com

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Fabrication of a Cobalt-free Cathode for an Intermediatetemperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

A

fuel cell is an energy converter device that produces electricity through an electrochemical reaction. Its working principle is similar to that of a regular battery, except that a fuel cell does not keep its reactant within itself. The reactants (H 2 and O 2 ) of fuel cells are supplied by an external source. Fuel cells can be divided into several types depending on the electrolyte used. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) contain solid components, namely, electrolytes, electrodes (anode and cathode) and an interconnect (Figure 1). SOFCs operate at elevated temperatures (~1000 °C). However, operating at high temperatures leads to a durability issue. The materials of each component begin to undergo degradation in prolonged periods of operation. This major limitation of SOFCs has prompted research on intermediate-temperature SOFCs (IT-SOFCs).

Figure 1. SOFC assembly

However, reducing the operation temperature degrades the performance of existing components.

The cathode component made from lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) is known for its good electrochemical performance in high-temperature SOFCs but is unable to perform well in intermediate temperature ranges. Thus, new cathode materials need to be developed because these components significantly influence the overall electrochemical performance of IT-SOFCs. Cathode materials for IT-SOFCs usually contain cobalt elements, such as La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3−δ , which increase the oxidation– reduction reaction activity. However, the existence of cobalt causes an increase in the material cost and thermal expansion coefficient of the cathode. A high thermal expansion coefficient results in thermal mismatch between the cathode and electrolyte. Thus, the UKM SOFC group aims to produce a cobalt-free cathode from a perovskite structure that exhibits an electrochemical performance comparable with that of cobalt-containing cathodes.

For further correspondence kindly contact: Professor Dr. Andanastuti Muchtar Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89213895 Email: muchtar@ukm.edu.my

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Adaptive Mesh ReďŹ nement of Fluid-structure Interaction Using Immersed Boundary Method

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luid-structure interaction (FSI) is an important and challenging phenomenon in multi-physics, refering to the interaction between a flow field and a deformable or moveable structure which plays a major role in several scientific and engineering fields. It is considered essential in many engineering systems such as in aircraft wings, bridges, turbine blades, airbags, and tent-roofs. They are also significant in many biological fields such as the circulation of blood through the arteries and vein, air passage through the lungs, cellular immersion, the movement of red blood cells in the plasma, and the swimming of jelly fishes. It is often difficult to develop analytical solutions to the modelling of FSI problems due to their complex nature. It is also not always easy to experiment on a specific problem due to their costly nature as well as the scarcity of the required facilities.

Numerical simulations are often the solution for the complex problems when investigating the basic phenomenon involved in the fluid-structure interaction. Numerical simulations are usually supported by experimental results in many scientific and engineering fields for the elimination or reduction of the need for carrying out several experiments. Hence, over the last decade, much effort has been channelled towards the development and application of accurate and efficient numerical methods for solving complex FSI problems. In this research, a new concept of integrated Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) with adaptive mesh refinement is developed to solve complex incompressible and viscous fluid and elastic body problems.

Figure1. Simulating ows with moving rigid boundaries by using IBM with AMR technique

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41 This study aims to improve the solution near the fluid-structure interface in order to use adaptive refinement schemes. This is required because the structure possibly significantly affects the flow field and it is, therefore, essential to capture the boundary layers precisely. Instead, combined with boundary meshes, spatial adaptivity allows fluid mesh refinement without deterioration of the fluid mesh’s quality.

To achieve these aims, adaptive mesh refinement code for 2D local fluid meshes was developed in order to refinement the node near the structure. In this research and for the best knowledge of the authors, a numerical technique is developed based on adaptive mesh refinement integrated with IBM to solve FIS problem. A benchmark two-dimension computation problem (e.g., cylinder) that was introduced by Schäfer and Turek (1996) is utilised to validate the effectiveness of the developed formulation and to visualise the significant enhancement on the fluid-solid interface solution. The combining of IBM with refinement mesh to study fluid and elastic body interaction problems showed promising results. The method also exhibited a good performance in obtaining a solution in a feasible computation time. Finally, based on the attained results, future research efforts are proposed to be investigated. Figure 1 shows simulation flows with moving rigid boundaries by using IBM with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) technique.

For further correspondence kindly contact: Dr. Mohammad Rasidi Mohammad Rasani Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6019-3915330 Email: rasidi@ukm.edu.my Professor Ir. Dr. Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Ihsan Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6019-2735012 Email: kamal3@ukm.edu.my Mohammad Suleman Mohammad Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6011-14298808 Email: maldleme@yahoo.com Tuan Mohammad Yusoff Shah Tuan Ya Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, MALAYSIA Tel: 6019-3347581 Email: tyusoff.ty@petronas.com.my

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42

A Home for Children with Autism: Residential Spaces Intervention in Malaysia

T

his research will be focusing on living spaces for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

The increasing number of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has alerted many on health and safety because these children are prone to injuries. Therefore, it is very important to provide these children with homes that are educationally interactive, healthy and safe. Many studies emphasised on the importance of the learning environment for autistic children, but none have focused on the idea of inclusive and universal design in houses. The aim is to establish a relationship between the physical environment and the architectural factors in order to recognise autism-friendly inclusive house designs.

Figure 1. Triad of ASD categorisation (Source: https://amongsthumans.com/the-autistic-child)

Autistic people think differently and have to struggle to understand the environment surrounding them, such as the composition and layout of their living spaces. Alteration of activities or functions from one space to another may cause conflict for their brain to compute, leading to a panic attack.

Hierarchy of learning space attributes by Fred Kent shows the importance of space characteristics that make a space appealing and encouraging to people. The most basic space characteristic is access and linkages to be associated with autism in calming their problems in changes of spaces and functions in a building. Once comfortable and clear with the flow and movement, they will then attempt to engage themselves with functions and activities of the spaces. A space that can build comfort and confidence may lead them to develop social skills.

These discussions have been structured based on the association between space attributes and the autistic sensory needs. Autism has a wide range of symptoms and these differences make it difficult for architects to customise a public space for autistic children. However, it is possible to create a calm and conducive living environment in a residential building. Some suggestions highlighted are focusing on sensory modification (Mostafa, 2008; Sanchez et.al, 2011) with the hierarchy of learning space attributes by Fred Kent namely, access and linkages; used and activities; sociability and; comfort and images.

For further correspondence kindly contact: Pn. Nur Amirah Abd. Samad Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89118378 Email: amirahsamad@ukm.edu.my INNOVATE VOLUME 10

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Identifying Local Setting through Motifs of Traditional Woodcarving

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ypes of motifs, which are located at traditional house, are influenced by many factors including the reasons the motifs are chosen. Carving motifs are capable to interpret the story of some places in that period instead of bringing the aesthetic value to the house itself. The objective of this research place just by looking through the motifs element. It can be done through analysis by is to determine the topography, economy and historical value on a place just by looking through Kleinbauer W.E (1989) which uses selection elements of motifs, materials used and types of the motifs element. It can be done through analysis by Kleinbauer W.E (1989) which uses selection houses. of This research also suggest that architecture and past should bring out the elements motifs, materials used and types of houses.nowadays This research also suggest that architecture spirit of traditional house so that what we have now can be told to the next generation to can nowadays and past should bring out the spirit of traditional house so that what we have now create the continuity between the past and present as well as to maintain our national be told to the next generation to create the continuity between the past and present as well as to identity. maintain our national identity.

Figure regularly usedininMMalay traditional Fig u re 1.1.T yTypes p es ofofmmotifs otifs reg u la rly u sed a la y tra d ition a l h house ou se

Carving motifs for each state has differences in language although it shares the same name. It Carving motifs for each state has differences in language although it shares the same name. It shows the uniqueness of motifs of chosen and tells their that had notthat been fully known shows the uniqueness motifs chosen and own tells historical their own story historical story had not been yet.

Data collection is important creating is an important everlasting in design between traditional and modern fully known process yet. Data collection in process creating an everlasting design period yet retaining our national identity thatretaining our national identity that had been lost. had been lost. This can be seen especially in modern between traditional and modern period yet housing design, which is not fully taken from our identity inspired influenced by colonist This can be seen especially in modern housing design, but which is not and fully taken from our designs.

This research is also to emphasise the meaning of This localresearch spirit, which might reflect identity but inspired and done influenced by colonist designs. is also done to the method of learning especially in designing. emphasise the meaning of local spirit, which might reflect the method of learning especially in designing.

For further correspondence kindly contact:

Azreena Abu Bakar For further correspondence kindly contact: Department of Architecture,

Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Azreena Abu Bakar 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Department of Architecture, Tel: 0196783712 Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Email: azreena@ukm.edu.my Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 0196783712 Email: azreena@ukm.edu.my

Development of Strategies for Sustainable Building Design using Traditional Malay House Concept

INNOVATE VOLUME 10of years and The Traditional Malay house concept has been naturally developed for hundreds proven to provide sustainable solutions for residential building in Malaysia, a country with

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Development of Strategies for Sustainable Building Design using Traditional Malay House Concept

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he Traditional Malay house concept has been naturally developed for hundreds of years and proven to provide sustainable solutions for residential building in Malaysia, a country with hot and humid climate. Its concept has successfully optimised the natural environment such as for natural ventilation and lighting. However, nowadays, its existence has to face threats from development and modernisation of construction industry and human social culture. Recently, many modern residential developments have forgotten the importance of building context, human social and culture needs, as well as local climatic environment. Thus, this leads to creating homes that only provide human shelter for extreme outdoor environment but consuming a large amount of energy, ignoring the human need for good indoor environment quality. This research explores the concept of traditional Malay house combined with recent development of Industrialised Building System (IBS) concept to develop a set of strategies for affordable and sustainable building envelops. The developed set of strategies is expected to improve the indoor environment quality of the buildings and at the same time, able to reduce the energy consumption of the building.

Traditional Malay House

Modern Home

Figure 1. The effects of void in the studied buildings

Figure 1 shows photos of traditional Malay house together with a modern home designed by the author that are using similar strategies for indoor environment quality: high ceiling, opening at roof level, large windows, and introduction of verandah/balcony. The initial findings of this study revealed that both houses have good natural ventilation and lighting thus contributing to better indoor environmental quality.

For further correspondence kindly contact: Dr. Mohd Farid Mohamed Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89116842 Email: faridmohamed@ukm.edu.my

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A Method for Fabricating a Hot-wire Probe Sensing Element

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e successfully filed an intelectual property (IP) for an invention to fabricate a hot-wire sensing element, with registration Malaysia Patent No. PI 2017702101. The present invention generally relates to hot-wire anemometers of the type, employed to measure wind turbulence. More in hot-wire anemometers. Hot-wire is still an important and reliable technique and has been particularly, the current invention relates to an apparatus and method for repair and manufacture used for many decades in the turbulent boundary layer study because of its high capability of a hot-wire probe for use in hot wire sensing applications, such as in hot-wire anemometers. for use at is very in the measurements of the fluctuation velocity Hot-wire stillhigh-frequency an important and reliable technique and hasvelocity been used for manyand decades in the components.

The hot-wire anemometers use a very fine wire (on the order of several turbulent boundary layer study because of its high capability for use at very high-frequency in the micrometres) platinum or tungsten; this wire is placed The between the tips of the use measurementsmade of theof velocity fluctuation and velocity components. hot-wire anemometers support prong. is easy break micrometres) for many reasons instance in is a very fine wireHot-wire (on the order of to several made offor platinum or vibration tungsten; when this wire contact with flying dust or any sensitive movement.

For this, our newly hot-wire fabricating placed between the tips of the support prong. Hot-wire is easy to break for many reasons for instance bench was when constructed to with help flying ease dust the or requirement of movement. a focused For research.

The hot-wire vibration in contact any sensitive this, our newly hot-wire fabrication consists of the three-dimensional traverse ofsystem to control the fabricatingjig bench was constructed to help ease the(3D) requirement a focused research.

Thesensor hot-wire fabrication consists for of the three-dimensional (3D) traverse system to etching control the position position and jig mounting etching to control the sensor wire length, set sensor up, cutter, and mounting for etching control the This sensor wire length, etching up, cutter, FabX. welding equipment welding equipment and a to microscope. system is referred to set as Hot-Wire The main and of a microscope.

This system is referred to as Hot-Wire FabX. The main idea of the with 3D traverse idea the 3D traverse jig is used to traverse and hold both hot-wire support probe jig is used to and hold (x, both support withability probeand manually in for three (x, y, manually in traverse three directions y, hot-wire and z). It provides control the directions movement and z).

It provides ability and control for the movement under the microscope and this is especially under the microscope and this is especially important during soldering and etching processes. important during soldering and etching processes. Figure 1(a) shows the Hot-Wire FabX system with Figure 1(a) shows the Hot-Wire FabX system with the requirements jigs. Figure 1(b) shows the the requirements jigs. Figure 1(b) shows the ready hot-wire probe after the etching process. ready hot-wire probe after the etching process.

Figure Figure 1 (a). Schemati c diagram ofdiagram the three-dimensional traverse systemtraverse and 1 (a). Schematic of the three-dimensional system and the etching mounting of Wollaston-wire (Isometric (Isometric view) the etching mounting of Wollaston-wire view)

1(b). Ready hot-wire Figure 1(b).Figure Ready hot-wire after etching after etching

finegrit gritsandpaper sandpaper is is required processes.

Soldering flux is applied at the A Afine required before before soldering soldering processes.

Soldering flux is applied at portion the between the Wollaston wire andwire the and support prong tips.

The tips. primary flux is to portion between the Wollaston the support prong The purpose primary ofpurpose of prevent flux Distilled water was used to water clean the newly-built multimeter was used to measure is oxidation. to prevent oxidation.

Distilled was used to sensor. clean A the newly-built sensor.

A the resistance of the new sensor, and finally, the sensor was balanced to obtain an acceptable multimeter was used to measure the resistance of the new sensor, and finally, the sensor was responseto during operation.

For our research, the wollaston wire produced

by Sigmund Cohn Corp, balanced obtain an acceptable response during operation.

For our research, the wollaston with a platinum core diameter of 5 microns (μm) and 2.5 microns (μm) were used.

The Hot-Wire wire produced by Sigmund Cohn Corp, with a platinum core diameter of 5 microns (μm) and FabX facility is already in use and serves current turbulence research.The Hot-Wire FabX located 2.5 microns (μm) were used. The Hot-Wire FabX facility is already in use and serves current at the Laboratory of Water and Beach Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Environment, UKM turbulence research.The Hot-Wire FabX located at the Laboratory and of Built Water and Beach Bangi.

Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM Bangi.

There are many applications where hot-wire is used extensively. The main application is in aerodynamic There are many applications where hot-wire is used extensively. The main application is in application such as surface study of airfoil of hood or a side mirror of a car. We show an example aerodynamic application such as surface airfoil of hood or a side mirror of surface a car. We of surface roughness effect study on an study airfoil.of The effects of highly-ordered rough called show an example of surface roughness effect study on an airfoil.

The effects of riblets, applied onto the surface of a NACA 0026 airfoil are investigated experimentally highlyat friction ordered rough surface called riblets, onto the have surface a NACA at 0026 Reynolds numbers approximately 280. applied The experiments beenof conducted the airfoil Pangkorare wind investigated experimentally at friction Reynolds numbers approximately 280. tunnel, UKM. Figure 2(a) shows a close up view of a riblet sheet with dimensions height, h =The 1 mm, experiments have sbeen conducted at the Pangkor wind tunnel, Figure 2(a) pitch or spacing, = 2 mm.

Figure 2(b) shows a NACA 0026 of 500UKM. mm span, 600 mmshows chord a and close up view of a riblet sheet with dimensions height, h = 1 mm, pitch or spacing, s = mm. mm 156 mm thickness with different riblet arrangement on it. Riblet strips of 45 mm wide and2 400 Figure 2(b) been shows a NACA on 0026 500 mm span, riblet 600 mm chord and 156 mm applied thickness with in long have arranged the of airfoil.

Different orientations have been as shown Figure 2(b).

Riblets aligned with theRiblet flow or yaw angle = 0o, is simply denoted by z.have Likewise, different riblet arrangement on it. strips of 45 αmm wide and 400 mm long been the converging riblets with yaw orientations α = 10o (withhave respect to applied the flow as direction) areFigure denoted arranged on and the diverging airfoil. Different riblet been shown in by c Riblets and d respectively.

2(b). aligned with the flow or yaw angle α = 0o, is simply denoted by z. Likewise, the converging and diverging riblets with yaw α = 10o (with respect to the flow direction) are denoted by c and d respectively.

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CURRENT RESEARCH

Figure 2 (b) Riblet arrangement on airfoil

In order to evaluate the effects of the riblet arrangement, the energy spectra are analyzed. All representations of pre-multiplied energy spectra kxφuu are plotted against streamwise wavelength λx = 2π/kx, where wave-number kx = 2πf/Uc, f is the frequency, and Uc is the convection velocity.

Figure 3 (a) z+ =15 in the near wall region (b) 0.5δ in the outer region. Black, blue and red lines represent converging, diverging, zero angle riblet arrangement and the smooth surface respectively

Figure 3(a) and 3(b) show energy spectra at z+ = 15 in the near-wall region and z = 0.5δ respectively, the superscript denotes near wall scale and δ is the boundary layer thickness. In the near-wall region, the flow past a converging riblets shows energised λx+ = 1000, comparatively with higher energy as compared with the diverging and zero angle riblets as expected. The small Reynolds numbers here probably the main reason causing these features to scales with δ. More interestingly, flow pasts a smooth surface displays large-scale structures that measure up to 20δ. This explains that the large near-wall peak in the intensities profile are significantly contributed by the large-scale structures.

It suggests that the riblets break these features in the near-wall region. Similar to typical boundary layer flows, Figure 3(b) shows energised structures approximately 4δ dominate the flow in the outer region. Again, flows past converging, diverging and zero angle riblet arrangements have similar characteristics. Flow past a smooth surface have wide range of long structures measuring 1 < δ < 20.

For further correspondence kindly contact: Ir. Dr. Zambri Harun Department of Mechanical and material, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89126518 Email: zambri@ukm.edu.my

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Investigating the Durability Performance of a Lightweight Ballistic Resistance Panel for Armoured Vehicles

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teel has been widely utilised in armour applications for its high strength and cheaper production.

It has relatively high density which has restricted the mobility of an armoured vehicle and has motivated the researchers to find lighter materials to be integrated with existing armour steel, satisfying the same level of protection shown in Figure 1. The current trend in military industry is to integrate lightweight materials such as composites, aluminium alloys, titanium alloys and magnesium alloys into armoured vehicle designs to reduce the vehicle weight for fuel consumption and vehicle maneuverability improvement. Aluminium and its alloys offers a considerable potential for reducing the weight of an armoured vehicle body due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio, good formability, good corrosion resistance, and recycling potential. Since aluminium plate have poor ballistic performance, they are often utilised in multi-layered or spaced structures, in combination with other materials. Layering aluminium plate with high strength steel has become an interest in reducing the overall density of armour vehicle body while improving the ballistic perforation resistance.

The main criterion for an armoured vehicle performance is its ballistic impact resistant capability resulting from high velocity impact by a low mass projectile. The materials used in the laminated panel must also not compromise the stiffness and strength of the vehicle panel in both low velocity and high velocity impact because structural resistance to severe impact is directly related to structural integrity. Various methods exist to join plates, such as welding, riveting, brazing and adhesive bonding.

The adhesive and brazing mechanism significantly yield more advantages than other methods due to its uniform stress distribution on a surface, resulting in a large stress-bearing area. Both methods allow bonding among a wide range of laminated materials and have excellent damping and shockabsorbing properties as well as impact resistance. Understanding the relation of these properties and their response to the joining strength is essential to produce a reliable joint for metal laminate panel. Introducing the joining material into the metal laminate panel would improve its ballistic impact resistance. Thus, this research embarked to determine the suitable layering configuration and bonding method to design a lightweight laminated panel for armoured vehicle application.

(a)

(b)

Figure 1. (a) Armoured vehicle SIBMASS currently used by Malaysia Armed Forces, (b) Part from vehicle panel used in this research

For further correspondence kindly contact: Professor Ir. Dr. Shahrum Abdullah Centre of Automotive Research Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89118411 Email: shahrum@ukm.edu.my

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48

Adsorption-fenton Oxidation Reactions for In Situ Detoxification

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ecent promising developments in various techniques used for wastewater remediation has produced an improvement in treatment efficiency and in overcoming limitations compared to conventional methods (Figure 1). An adsorption technique, for example, in the utilisation of lowcost adsorbents was seamlessly developed to overcome the high-cost production of activated carbon. Functionalisation of biomass from polymeric grafting, chemical-cross linked and decorated nanomaterials were employed to remove, heavy metal ions, industrial effluent (dyes and pulp & paper), and oil by adsorption processes. Whereas, to enhance the efficiency of water remediation, assisted Fenton oxidation reaction improved the reaction time and regeneration of the adsorbent.

Figure 1. Bifunctional approaches of rapid remediation in wastewater treatment and removal of inhibitors in detoxification technology for lignocellulosic bioconversion process

Another adsorption-oxidation approach is to detoxify inhibitors in lignocellulosic materials for bioconversion process. The degradation of lignin and furan derivatives in oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers by a low concentration of H 2 O 2 was observed with the assistance of Fenton oxidation.

Altogether with pretreatment and further treatment, both techniques of Fenton oxidation and adsorption shows significant improvement on the removal of selective inhibitors. Thus, these combination techniques can play an important role in lignocellulosic bioconversion process as enhancing conversion yield and improving separation and purification technology of hydrolysate in the near future.

For further correspondence kindly contact: Dr. Mohd Shaiful Sajab Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89217106 Email: mohdshaiful@ukm.edu.my

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Pilot-scale Integrated Pre-treatment/Membrane Filtration System for Aerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment

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alm oil mill effluent (POME) is the single largest source of industrial wastewater pollution in Malaysia. On account of its extremely high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and grease (O&G), total solids (TS) as well as suspended solids (SS), discharging of POME into the water body may lead to severe pollution and affect the ecosystem of the water body as the POME will deplete dissolved oxygen in the water body. Fish and other aquatic organisms might die due to the depletion of dissolved oxygen in water body.

A pilot-scale integrated system combining the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) pre-treatment coupled with ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology was developed in this project collaborated with Sime Darby Research Sdn. Bhd. to improve the water quality of aerobic POME up to the standard in which it can be reuse and recycle as boiler feed water. The results showed that the pilot-scale integrated pre-treatment/membrane filtration system was able to remove a large amount of SS in aerobic POME and reduced the BOD, COD, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), colour, phosphorus, turbidity, and conductivity up to 98.73%, 100%, 99.99%, 98.50%, 100%, 100%, 99.97%, and 98.53%, respectively. The success of this project showed the great use of integrated pre-treatment/membrane filtration system for the treatment of aerobic POME to meet boiler feed water standard, eventually leading to recycle and promoted for internal plant usage.

(a) (b) Figure 1. (a). Integrated pre-treatment/membrane filtration system (b). Outlook of pilot-scale integrated pre-treatment/membrane filtration system located at Sime Darby KKS Tennamaram

For further correspondence kindly contact: Dr. Teow Yeit Haan Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89217095 Email: yh_teow@ukm.edu.my

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50

Effective and Economic Disinfection Technology for Sewage Treatment

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everal sewerage treatment plants operated by Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) Sdn. Bhd. are producing high quality final effluent that are well below the Department of Environment (DOE) Standard a limit. Hence, the treated effluent was found suitable to provide bio-effluent for nonpotable applications. Nevertheless, primary and secondary treatment cannot substantially remove 100% of the microbes in the effluent given that its source is domestic wastewater and thus there is a risk for the spreading of pathogenic diseases and potential health hazards. As such, UKM research team has collaborated with IWK for the development of an effective and economic disinfection technology as one of the green technology initiatives to promote the reuse of treated sewage effluent. Two bench-scale inetgrated disinfection system were fabricated to justify the effectiveness of the disinfectant/disinfection unit and integrated disinfection process on IWK’s sewage effluent.

All disinfection processes studied in this project were able to produce zero pathogen and manage to comply with United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) water reuse standard for unrestricted area where the treated IWK’s effluent was safe for urban reuse, recreation, and irrigation, except single stage disinfection unit using 0.2 μm microfiltration (MF) membrane, UV disinfection with 30 minutes exposure time, and integrated disinfection system with UV applying enviro multi-media (EMM) as pre-treatment which only fulfill the criteria of USEPA water reuse standard in restricted area for landscape and construction. From the economic point of view, the optimum disinfection system suggested for restricted application is single stage chlorination disinfection, while integrated disinfection system granular activated carbon and chlorination (GAC-Cl) is proposed for unrestricted area by considering both capital cost estimation (CAPEX) and operational cost estimation (OPEX).

(a) (b) Figure 1(a). Prototype of bench-scale integrated disinfection system (Membrane filtration + chlorination and membrane filtration + UV) (b). Prototype of bench-scale integrated disinfection system (GAC/EMM column + chlorination and GAC/EMM column + UV)

For further correspondence kindly contact: Dr. Teow Yeit Haan Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89217095 Email: yh_teow@ukm.edu.my

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Palm Oil Mill Biogas Reactor EďŹ&#x201E;uent Concentration for Production of Organic Fertiliser and Water Reclamation Using an Integrated Forward Osmosis Membrane Process

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alm oil mill effluent (POME) contains abundant valuable resources which can be recovered, such as water, energy and nutrient. Anaerobic digester has been adopted to harvest the methane gas for energy generation. However, the high nutrient content remains in the effluent from the biogas reactor poses a challenge for the mill operator to discharge into the waterway. There is a potential to recover the nutrient in the biogas reactor effluent and reuse it in the plantation as organic fertiliser.

Furthermore, the water can be reclaimed for reuse. In this study, forward osmosis (FO) membrane process has been proposed to concentrate the palm oil biogas reactor effluent for the production of organic fertiliser and water reclamation.

Figure 1. Descriptive diagram of the forward osmosis membrane process

This research is supported by DIP research grant and The Royal Society, UK. The research will be conducted in three phases: development of pretreatment process prior FO to remove impurities in the effluent (Phase 1), optimization of FO performance in concentrating the pretreated POME (Phase 2) and reclamation of water and regeneration of draw solution (Phase 3). Such development could significantly enhance the sustainability of palm oil industry, where the demand on nonenvironmental friendly chemical fertiliser can be reduced and tap water consumption can be cut down. The proposed integrated FO membrane process could also be adopted to handle waste in other agricultural sectors, helping Malaysia to move towards a sustainable future.

For further correspondence kindly contact: Dr. Ang Wei Lun Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6017-4070017 Email: wl_ang@eng.ukm.my

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Tel: 6017-4070017 Email: wl_ang@eng.ukm.my

Developing Skills Teachers Competency Model in the Malaysian CURRENT RESEARCH Skills Certification System

Developing Skills Teachers inand thelearning Malaysian Skills A competent teacher is an important Competency element in the Model teaching process.

The issues of competency among teachers at TVET institutions are being discussed at the national CertiďŹ cation System level. Among the issues are the existence of competency gap among teachers because there is no centralised teaching profile, minimal industrial exposures and lack of skills among the competent teacher is an important element in the teaching learning that process. teachers (RMK-11).

M.J. Ahmad Jalani and Hasmori (2015) and admitted one The of issues the of competency among teachers at TVET institutions are being discussed at the national level. challenges in realising the implementation of TVET in Malaysia is creating quality teachers at Among the issues are the existence of competency gap among teachers because there is no the public skills training institutions. Skills teachers who are posted to teach at the public centralised teaching profile, minimal industrial exposures and lack of skills among the teachers accredited centers are diploma and degree holders in engineering from local universities and (RMK-11). M.J. Ahmad Jalani and Hasmori (2015) admitted that one of the challenges in realising abroad.

The absence of of competency causes difficulties evaluating the the implementation TVET in Malaysia framework is creating quality teachers at the in public skills training competency TVET teachers teachers (Ali Kaprawi The accredited findings of this study show institutions.of Skills who are posted & to Razzaly teach at2010). the public centers are diploma that there is no empirical research done to develop Skills Teachers Competency Model in the and degree holders in engineering from local universities and abroad. The absence of competency Malaysian Skills Certification System who are teaching based on the National Occupation framework causes difficulties in evaluating the competency of TVET teachers (Ali Kaprawi & Razzaly 2010).

The findings of this show objectives that there is no 1) empirical research to develop Skills Skills Standards (NOSS).

The study research are: to identify the done competency profile Teachers Competency Model inteachers the Malaysian Certification System who are teaching based and indicator needed by skills based Skills on NOSS; 2) to develop teacher competency on theand National Standardsmodel.

(NOSS). The The research are: 1)is toa identify the model; 3) to Occupation verify the Skills competency research objectives methodology modified competency profile andconsensus indicator needed by skills on NOSS; 2) to develop teacher delphi to obtain expert in the areas in teachers order to based achieve the first objective.

Rasch competency model; andfor 3) the to verify competency model. research methodology isand a modified Analysis Model is used pilot the study and PLS-SEM is The used to meet the second third delphi to obtain expert consensus in the areas in order to achieve the first objective. Rasch Analysis objectives of this research. Therefore, with the proposed competency model, it is able to Model is used for the pilot study and PLS-SEM is used to meet the second and third objectives of this harmonise the competencies needed by every skilled teacher who is teaching the NOSS-based research. Therefore, with the proposed competency model, it is able to harmonise the competencies programmes at public skills who training institutions.

Figure programmes 1 summarises the research needed by every skilled teacher is teaching the NOSS-based at public skills training conceptual framework, which is based on the conceptual relevant literature theories in this institutions.

Figure 1 summarises the research framework,reviews which isand based on the relevant study. literature reviews and theories in this study.

Technical Competence

A

Pedagogical Competence

Skills Teachers Competency

Social and Personal Competence

Emotional Intelligence Competence

Figure 1: Research Conceptual Framework Summary for Skills Teachers Competency Model

Figure 1: Research Conceptual Framework Summary for Skills Teachers Competency Model

For further correspondence kindly contact: For further correspondence kindly contact:

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zulkifli Mohd Nopiah Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zulkifli Mohd Nopiah Coordinator for Unit of Fundamental Engineering Studies Coordinator for Unit of Fundamental Engineering Studies Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Tel: 603-89126506 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Email: zmn@ukm.edu.my Tel: 603-89126506 Email: zmn@ukm.edu.my

Ms. Khuzainey Ismail Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6013-3887607 Email: khuzaineyismail@gmail.com

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Development of Framework for the Generation of Engineering Concept Design Ideas

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his study presents a framework that is used as guidance for students and the teaching staff to apply phase flow and the right techniques in the process of generating ideas, especially in courses which involve engineering and product design. The application of the correct technique for engineering design concept requires creative solutions approach and a more specific engineering analysis. Various models, frameworks and techniques have been developed to enhance creativity and assist the process of product design. Based on previous studies, the researchers focused more on the design framework of the process of new product development. However, a small number or researchers developed a more specific framework to phase in the generation of ideas. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop a framework based on the applicability and suitability of techniques, relevance of the indicators and applicability of the framework in addition to the effectiveness of the framework based on the success of the idea. In the process of data collection, survey method using the questionnaire is used to obtain perceptions students and lecturers about the applicability and suitability of the techniques.

The Fuzzy Delphi method is used to obtain the perception of the consensus of experts in the field of relevance indicators and applicability framework. The method of quasi experiment is used in determining the effectiveness of the framework on the success of the idea of the concept. The sample consists of students, academic experts and industry experts who are involved in engineering design and product design. The data is analysed descriptively based on the frequency, percentage, mean, median and standard deviation. Meanwhile, the analysis of the test involves independent t-test, One-Way Anova and Pearson Correlation.

Findings show that the seven techniques which have the highest frequency and applicability scores are Brainstorming, Morphological Analysis, Mind Map, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), Product Design Specification (PDS), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Meanwhile, the elements and techniques are highly relevant and can be used as a guide in the process of generating ideas for engineering concept design. Analyses show that there are significant differences between framework effectiveness and the success of ideas between groups (Figure 1). Overall, the framework is highly usable and is suitable as a guide which can result in faster and more systematic idea generation process strategy, which includes analysis of needs and engineering elements. Furthermore, it also helps with the generation of ideas that have a high level of novelty, variety, quality, and quantity.

Figure Figure1:1:Research Researchconceptual conceptualframework framework

For further correspondence kindly contact:

Professor Ir. Dr. Shahrum Abdullah Fellow, Centre for Engineering Education Research Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia INNOVATE VOLUME 10 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89216104 Email: shahrum@ukm.edu.my Professor Dr. Dzuraidah Abd Wahab Fellow, Centre for Engineering Education Research

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CURRENT RESEARCH For further correspondence kindly contact: Professor Ir. Dr. Shahrum Abdullah Fellow, Centre for Engineering Education Research Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89216104 Email: shahrum@ukm.edu.my Professor Dr. Dzuraidah Abd Wahab Fellow, Centre for Engineering Education Research Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89216118 Email: dzuraidah@ukm.edu.my Assoc. Prof. Ir Dr. Rizauddin Ramli Fellow, Centre for Engineering Education Research Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89217022 Email: rizauddin@ukm.edu.my Ms. Nor Mahani Md Rasidi Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6012-6116406 Email: normahani9116@gmail.com

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Development and Effectiveness Evaluation of Zero Emission Technology (Fuel Cell) Learning and Facilitation Modules for Schools in Malaysia

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he study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of learning and facilitation modules of PEMFCs fuel cells, a type of zero emission technology that includes science practical skills and engineering design challenge by integrating constructivism and Futures Thinking to raise awareness on sustainable energy use among upper secondary school students. The level of knowledge between the experimental group and the control group will be verified after the experiment of achievement test done. The result from this experiment will be clarified on how to assess knowledge related to energy resources, the skills in explaining phenomena scientifically (degradation of energy sources and pollution caused by conventional energy sources), to evaluate and design scientific enquiry (describe steps in Futures Thinking and propose ways to achieve sustainable future) and to interpret data and evidence scientifically (analyse and evaluate energy sources and propose ways to addressing the situation scientifically).

The effectiveness of the PEMFCs fuel cell learning and facilitating modules in improving the results of the students’ achievement test on the mentioned skills will be evaluated. Furthermore, the study determines the skills of engineering design for sustainable development goals among experimental group of students who have followed the teaching and facilitating using fuel cell modules. Teachers and students’ views on the developed module related to steps of Futures Thinking by Jones (2012) in fostering awareness and engineering design ability of students in the field of energy will be identified. Students’ performance in tests after teaching and fuel cell dissemination in schools will be reviewed. Quantitative and qualitative researches are combined to provide a clearer picture.

Open-ended survey questions and Likert scale questionnaires will be conduct to obtain feedback on the effectiveness and suitability of modules developed in the context of renewable energy uses.

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) education kit

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CURRENT RESEARCH For further correspondence kindly contact: Professor Datoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Ir. Dr. Hj.Wan Ramli bin Wan Daud Fellow, Centre for Engineering Education Research Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89216409 Email: wramli@ukm.edu.my Dr. Mohd Shahbudin Mastar@Masdar Fellow, Centre for Engineering Education Research Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89216409 Email: shahbud@ukm.edu.my Ms. Tan Pey Fang Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 6012-5409918 Email: tanpeyfang@gmail.com

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Low Temperature Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Fuels and Chemicals

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lobal warming and climate change are attributed to the increasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration in the atmosphere. The concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere consequently increased from 280 ppm before the industrial revolution to 407 ppm in July, 2017. It was predicted to reach 570 ppm by the end of the century. Thus, various strategies for the separation, capture, storage, and conversion of CO 2 have been developed to reduce atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Of these strategies, CO 2 utilisation is the most promising alternative because not only it can reduce CO 2 concentration but it can also convert CO 2 into C1 valuable products, such as methanol (CH 3 OH), formic acid (CHOOH), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH 4 ). Meanwhile, although CO 2 utilisation has been explored for centuries, the catalytic conversion of CO 2 , such as hydrogenation reaction, offers challenging opportunities for energy sustainability and the environment.

(a) (b) (c) Figure 1. (a) Reactor and experimental set-up, (b) Several type of heterogeneous catalyst and (c) Products mixture

In this work, we carried out the CO 2 hydrogenation at lower temperature compared to other conventional method. This work was carried out in autoclave reactor at reaction temperature ranging of 100-130 ยบC in the presence of Pd, Ni, Cu, Ag, Co and Fe based catalysts. At optimum condition of H 2 :CO 2 ratio of 3:1 at 130 ยบC, 30 bar, 4 hours of reaction, it successfully converted ~40% CO 2 into liquid products such as formic acid (> 90% selectivity) and alcohols (~10% selectivity). The green and environmental friendly solvents namely water and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran showed a good potential in this reaction. The potential of this work can reduce the energy consumption during CO 2 conversion reaction, overcome the hydrogen storage issues and utilise the wasted CO 2 into other valuable products in the future.

For further correspondence kindly contact: Dr. Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89216424 Email: wannorroslam@ukm.edu.my

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Biological Cell Model Membrane for Antibacterial Resistance Assessment

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he increasing number of microorganism becoming resistance to antibiotics, multidrug resistance (MDR) has become serious problem to public health. Even though there are still many traditional antibiotics that can be used but they will eventually become less effective. There are many ways that the microorganism such as bacteria could gain resistance to antibiotic. For example, overuse of antibiotics, evolution in the bacteriaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s DNA and the ability of transferring antibiotic-resistance gene from one microorganism to another. It had created urgency in the issue of demand for exploration of novel antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently been considered as potential novel antibiotics because of their broad spectrum activities towards microorganism and they also have different mechanism of action compared to conventional antibiotics. It is important to study the interaction of the antibiotic directly with the bacterial cell membrane in order to gain insight on how those factors that contribute to MDR could be prevented. Most of the previous studies were using real cell which are more complex, has specific and limited activities. This can make the studies of development MDR strain not easily accomplished. The keys that need to be considered for lipid-peptide interaction are peptide binding to the membrane surface, re-alignment and deeper immersion into lipid bilayer and membrane rupture. The majority of AMPs are believed to act upon bacterial membrane by making them leaky, punching holes through them or solubilising them (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Interaction of AMPs with bacterial cell membrane

The work carried out in determining the mode of action employed by AMPs to interact with bacteria cell membrane is supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme under project entitled â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Synthesis and characterisation of biological cell membrane for antibacterial resistance assessment â&#x20AC;&#x2122;.

By conducting this research, the biological cell membrane that mimics the nature of the bacteria cell membrane will be synthesised then the interaction of antibiotics with the model membrane is expected to occur at membrane cell wall. The understanding of interaction mechanism will help to improve the stability of AMP and the optimum condition for antibiotics activity will also be obtained.

For further correspondence kindly contact: Dr. Darman Nordin Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89216968 Email: darman@ukm.edu.my

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Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering

BACKGROUND

Background

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering was established in 1985, The he Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering was established in 1985, offering offering academic programmes for bachelor, masters, and doctorate levels in the academic programmes for bachelor, masters, and doctorate levels in the mechanical and mechanical and manufacturing engineering disciplines.

In addition, the several department utilises manufacturing engineering disciplines.

In addition, the department utilises financial resources available resources such as an available internal and external to develop certain fields several financial such as anresearch internalgrant ands external research grants to of research, such as of Materials Processes, Structural Processes, Integrity, Structural Noise and Integrity, Vibration, develop certain fields research, such as Materials Noise Automotive, Computational Thermo-fluids, Energy and Advanced Manufacturing and Vibration, Automotive,Mechanics, Computational Mechanics, Thermo-fluids, Energy and Advanced which serve as the backbone of the the backbone academic excellence of the department members.

The Manufacturing which serve as of the academic excellence of the department level of development and achievement attained by the department are reflected by

its long members. The level of development and achievement attained by the department are list of publications, designs, and products released. The department has five research groups reflected by its long list of publications, designs, and products released. The department supporting its research activities namely:

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has five research groups supporting its research activities namely:

1.

1.

2.

2.

3.

3.

4.

4.

5.

5.

Advanced Materials Processing and Integrity (AMPI) Advanced Materials Processing and Integrity (AMPI) Computational and Experimental Mechanics (CEM) Computational and Experimental Mechanics (CEM) Advanced Vehicle Technology and System (VTECH) Advanced Vehicle Technology and System (VTECH) Advanced Manufacturing Research Group (AMREG) Advanced Manufacturing Research Group (AMREG) Precision Engineering (PERSIS) Precision Engineering (PERSIS)

The department is also collaborating its research activities with Centre for Automotive

The department alsothe collaborating its research activities for Automotive Research (CAR) in is which majority of CAR research fellows are with from Centre the Department of Research (CAR) in which the majority of CAR research fellows are from the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering.

Mechanical and Materials Engineering.

Research collaboration Research collaboration

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Research facilities Research facilities Research facilities

Research activities

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Research activities

For further correspondence, kindly contact:

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zainuddin Sajuri

Head, Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MALAYSIA

Telephone : +603-8911 8390 / 8017 Fax : +603-8925 9659

E-mail: kjkmb@ukm.edu.my

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Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO)

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he Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO) was established in October 2012 at the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment in line with the effort by the Malaysian government to address various sustainability issues faced by the country.

The focus of CESPRO is on the development of innovative process technology that will enhance the quality of life in the processing industry. CESPRO has been established to provide an avenue for researchers who are interested in this focus area to work together on common multidisciplinary projects together with various stakeholders. Its vision is to become a renowned Research Centre of Excellence that develops sustainable process technology for the wellbeing of society and the environment. In order to achieve the vision, CESPRO will undertake to accomplish the following objectives: • • • •

To explore and develop innovative ideas on sustainable process technology through effective research To train competent researchers who will be able to contribute to industry specifically and society as a whole To disseminate knowledge in order to educate and enrich the industry and society To establish network, research collaboration and cooperation at national level and globally

MAIN RESEARCH AREAS

The researchers in CESPRO come from diverse areas of expertise : engineering, environment, chemistry, biology/biotechnology and renewable energy. Since its establishment, CESPRO has published more than 100 high impact journal articles and filed several intellectual properties with MyIPO and WIPO. The broad focus areas of research at CESPRO comprises of: • Process System Engineering Research Group • Green Process Engineering Research Group • Scale-up and Downstream Processing Research

NETWORKING • • • • • • • • • • • •

Sime Darby Foundation Sime Darby Research Sdn. Bhd. CRAUN Research Sdn. Bhd. IWK Consortium Sdn. Bhd. SIRIM Sdn. Bhd. Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technology Research (TISTR) Feng Chia University, Taiwan Chiba University, Japan Qatar University, Qatar Universitas Sumatra Utara, Indonesia Khon Kaen University, Thailand Swansea University, UK

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Major Research Projects

MAJOR RESEARCH PROJECTS (a) Zero Waste Technology For Palm Oil Processing

(a) Zeroas Waste For Palm Oil in Processing UKM, one of Technology five research universities Malaysia with a strategic aim to be the regional leader in research and academic excellence, was shortlisted from the list of seven universities which presented a proposal on the aforementioned subject. The Governing Council of Yayasan KM, as one of five research universities in Malaysia with a strategic aim to be the Sime Darby leader found UKM’s proposal to academic be most interesting and with great potentials as the regional in research and excellence, was shortlisted from the list of model will bring a variety of benefits to the palm oil industry towards the “Zero Waste” goal. seven universities which presented a proposal on the aforementioned subject. The Governing UKM is represented by its Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment.

Council of Yayasan Sime Darby found UKM’s proposal to be most interesting and with great

potentials as the model will bring a variety of benefits to the palm oil industry towards the The objective of the collaboration between Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, “Zero Waste” goal. UKM is represented by its Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment.

UKM and Yayasan Sime Darby is (i) to establish the “Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia – Yayasan Sime Darby Chair for Sustainable Development – Zero Waste Technology” based on The objective of the collaboration between Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, an endowment by Yayasan Sime Darby to UKM; (ii) to provide a platform for a mutually UKM and Yayasan Sime DarbyUKM is (i)and toYayasan establish the “Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia beneficial partnership between Sime Darby and companies within the Sime – Yayasan Sime Darby Chair for Sustainable Development – Zero Waste Technology ” based Darby group in pursuing research excellence in sustainable palm oil processing technology; on(iii) anto endowment by Yayasan Sime Darby to UKM; (ii) to provide a platform for a mutually invite relevant international experts to address knowledge gaps and further promote beneficial partnership between UKM and Yayasan Simetechnology Darby andand companies within the Sime advancement in research and development in green innovative practices, Darby in pursuing research excellence palm oil processing technology; which group will ultimately lead to zero waste palm in oil sustainable processing technology that will ensure the sustainability of the palm oil industry; and (iv) to develop expertise gaps and and competent (iii) to invite relevant international experts to address knowledge furtherhuman promote resource in ecological footprint to determine in Malaysia’s status of s ustainable development advancement in research and development green technology and innovative practices, based primarily on the ecological footprint to track the impact of Zero Waste Technology on the which will ultimately lead to zero waste palm oil processing technology that will ensure the palm oil industry. sustainability of the palm oil industry; and (iv) to develop expertise and competent human

resource in ecological footprint to determine Malaysia’s status of sustainable development In addition, the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM and Yayasan Sime Darby based primarily on the ecological footprint to track the impact of Zero Waste Technology on wished to enhance relations and develop academic exchange in the areas of education and the palm oil industry. research and have agreed upon several activities/program mes such as research, postgraduate fellowships, post-doctoral fellowships, acedemic supervision, and training Incollaboration addition, theon Faculty Engineering Environment, UKM technology and Yayasanand Sime Darby green of and innovative and zero Built waste palm processing other wished enhance relations develop in innovative the areas zero of education related to fields, specific research and generated on academic projection exchange of green and waste and research andtechnology have agreed upon related several fields, activities/programmes as research, palm processing and other visits by renowned such professors and post-graduate fellowships, post-doctoral fellowships,on acedemic supervision, and waste training academics with specific expertise and quantifications green and innovative zero palm processing dissemination of waste knowledge public lecture , seminars, collaboration on technology, green and innovative zero palmthrough processing technology and other workshops and outreach programmes, publications in widely and innovative recognised journals related fields, specific research generated on projection of known green and zero waste and processing articles, seminar papers and and other books related which can enhance programme, awards in and palm technology fields, visits the by renowned professors recognition of excellence and furthering the cause on issues related to zero waste technology academics with specific expertise and quantifications on green and innovative zero waste : book awards, certificates, stipends, and lecture, contribution of palm processing technology,financial dissemination ofcommunity knowledgeengagements, through public seminars,

U

workshops and outreach programmes, publications in widely known and recognised journals and articles, seminar papers and books which can enhance the programme, awards in recognition of excellence and furthering the cause on issues related to zero waste technology INNOVATE VOLUME 10

65 : book awards, certificates, financial stipends, community engagements, and contribution of knowledge and input fo future sustainable practices related to zero waste technology in the palm oil industry. (b) Zero Waste Sago Processing CRAUN Research Sdn. Bhd., SIRIM Berhad, UKM and NITSEI Sago Industries Sdn. Bhd. intended to establish cooperation in developing a demonstration plant for the integrated treatment of sago processing wastes at NITSEIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sago mill, Sungai Bedok, Mukah, Sarawak.

The objective of the research is to encourage and promote the cooperation in the areas of development of a model plan for the treatment of sago mill effluent to minimise pollution, development of a model plant for the treatment of wet sago repos (hampas) and integration of the waste treatment processes. (c) Development and Surface Interaction Study of Low-Fouling Nano-Filtration Membrane for Desalination The experimental investigation to satisfy the objectives of this project include preparation of low-fouling membranes, characterisation of membranes, fouling control test such as scaling control test, NOM fouling control test, biofouling control test, flux recovery test, membrane module development and durability test, optimisation of fouling control, and quantification of NF membrane properties by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). (d) Research Study on Effective and Economic Disinfection Technology Indah Water Konsotium Sdn. Bhd. (IWK) has appointed UKM to undertake the R&D project on the study of effective and economic disinfection technology for treated effluent after the regional/centralised sewage treatment.

There are several regional/centralised IWK sewerage treatment plans that are producing high quality final effluent that are well below the DOE Standard A limit. Hence, the treated effluent is found suitable to provide bio-effluent for non-potable applications. Nevertheless, as there are presences of microbes within the bio-effluent given that its source is domestic wastewater, there is a risk of pathogenic and potential health hazards microorganisms.

Given the intent to promote the reuse of treated wastewater effluent which is considered as one of the green technology initiatives, it is best to provide efficient disinfection treatment to reduce the risk of biological hazard to any of end users.

Several commercially available disinfectant/disinfection unit such as chlorination, ultraviolet (UV), membrane filtration, and integrated disinfection process such as granular activated carbon (GAC)/envirosource multi-media (EMM) pretreatment + UV disinfection, membrane filtration pretreatment + UV disinfection, GAC/EMM pretreatment + Chlorination disinfection, and membrane filtration pretreatment + chlorination disinfection have been considered in this project to study the cost, sustainability, operability, compatibility, and efficiency of each disinfection system to recommend the suitable option for IWK consideration.

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(e) Future Biorefineries: Unlocking the Potential of Fine Chemicals and Value Added Byproducts One of the main projects led by CESPRO researchers is â&#x20AC;&#x153;Future Biorefineries: Unlocking the Potential of Fine Chemicals and Value Added Byproductsâ&#x20AC;?. This Future Biorefineries under Long Research Grant Scheme (LRGS) programme consists of multi-disciplinary team of experts investigating in six main areas on the future Biorefineries. The sub-programmes are: Project 1: Biochemical platform for production of bio based fine chemicals Project 2: Thermochemical platform for production of fine chemicals Project 3: Advanced purification methods for liquid based fine chemicals Project 4: Advanced technology for upgrading of biogas and syngas Project 4: Advanced technology for upgrading of biogas and syngas Project 5: Integration of technologies and supply chain management to enhance the Project 5: Integration of technologies and supply chain management to enhance the sustainability of biorefineries sustainability of biorefineries Project 6: Policyresearch researchto toenhance enhanceinnovation innovationand andrisk riskmanagement managementto tosupport supportthe the Project 6: Policy National Biomass Strategy National Biomass Strategy

Research in Future Future Biorefineries Biorefinerieshave havebeen beenconducted conducted production Research and and development development in for for production of of varieties since 2013.

2013.The Theresearch researchwork work carried out in this project varieties of of biorefinery biorefinery products products since carried out in this project provides aa significant significant step step in in opening opening new towards innovative and and provides new opportunities opportunitiesand andpath path towards innovative sustainable biomass industry in Malaysia. sustainable biomass industry in Malaysia.

Biochemical Platform

Pretreatment

Pyrolysis

Biomass

Hydrolysis

Biooil Extraction

Fermentation to produce range of fine chemicals and biofuels

Biooil Extraction to obtain range of fine chemicals and biofuels

Biochar for soil enhancement

Thermochemical Platform

Gasification

Biogas/ Biosyngas Conditioning and Separation

Precursors for various reactions

The centre also actively organised several conferences and seminars at national and The centre also actively organised several conferences and seminars at national and international level in order to intervene, share technology and foster active collaboration international level in order to intervene, share technology and foster active collaboration with allall parties and universities universitiesrespectively. respectively.

Among the conferences with parties in in the the centre, centre, faculties faculties and Among the conferences and seminars organised by the centre are: and seminars organised by the centre are:

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•

•

• • • •

th t h th t h on Future Biorefineries, 13 th -15 2016, Adya Hotel, Langkawi.

4 th �Conference 4 Conference on Future Biorefineries, 13 -15March March 2016, Adya Hotel, Langkawi. th th th

� 4 Conference on Future Biorefineries, 13 -15 March 2016, Adya Hotel, Langkawi.

th

th

th

th on LRGS Project Future Biorefineries, -10 December 2016, Pulai Pulai 5 Seminar 5 th �Seminar on LRGS Project Future Biorefineries, 8 th 8-10 December 2016, th th th Seminar LRGS Project Future Biorefineries, 8 -10 December 2016, Pulai � 5 Spring, Skudai, Johor.

Spring, Skudai, on Johor. �Spring, Skudai, Johor.

Workshop on Membrane and Fabrication, Dr. Arun Isloor, June, Faculty Engineering � Workshop on Membrane �

and Built Environment, UKM and Fabrication, Dr. Arun Isloor, June, Faculty Engineering and Built Environment, UKM � Workshop on Membrane and Fabrication, Dr. Arun Isloor, June, Faculty Two-day Workshop on Membrane Technology and Application, Prof.

Dato’Engineering Ir. Dr. Abdul �and Built Environment, UKM Two-day Workshop Membrane Technology and Application, Prof.

Dato’ Ir. Dr. Wahab Mohammad & Dr. on Teow Yeit Haan, Faculty Engineering and Built Environment, Abdul Wahab Mohammad & Dr. Teow Yeit Haan, Faculty Engineering Built � Two-day Workshop on Membrane Technology and Application, Prof. Dato’ and Ir. Dr. UKM Environment, UKM Abdul Wahab Mohammad & Dr. Teow Yeit Haan, Faculty Engineering and Projek Built Bengkel Penggunaan dan Operasi Selamat Anhidrat Ammonia dalam th � Bengkel Penggunaan dan Operasi Selamat Anhidrat Ammonia dalam Projek Environment, UKM Penyelidikan, Mr. Monagalingam, Teknogas Sdn. Bhd, 24 t hJune 2016 June 2016 Penyelidikan, Mr. Monagalingam, Teknogas Sdn. Bhd, 24 � Bengkel Penggunaan dan Operasi Selamat Anhidrat Ammonia dalam Projek Workshop on POME Treatment and Handling, Mrs. Noort hIrma Nazahida, Mr. Rahmat �Penyelidikan, Workshop POME Treatment and Mr. Handling, Mrs. Noor Irma Nazahida, Mr. Rahmat June 2016 Mr. Monagalingam, Teknogas Sdn. Bhd, 24 Ngteni, Mr. Syedon Mohd Hadi Syed Hilmi, Khairul Muis Mohamed Yusof, Sime Darby Ngteni, Mr. Syed Mohd Hadi Syed Hilmi, Mr. Khairul Muis Mohamed Yusof, Sime Darby thon POME Treatment and Handling, Mrs. Noor Irma Nazahida, Mr. Rahmat � Workshop Research, 30 December 2016, Faculty Engineering and Built Environment, UKM th

Research, 30 December 2016, Faculty Engineering and Built Environment, UKM Ngteni, Mr. Syed Mohd Hadi Syed Hilmi, Mr. Khairul Muis Mohamed Yusof, Sime Darby th Research, 30 December 2016, Faculty Engineering and Built Environment, UKM

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RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

For further correspondence, kindly contact:

For further correspondence, kindly contact: Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd. Sobri Takriff

Head, Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology Faculty Engineering andTakriff Built Environment Prof. Ir.ofDr. Mohd. Sobri Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Head, Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MALAYSIA Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment E-mail: sobritakriff@ukm.edu.my Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MALAYSIA E-mail: sobritakriff@ukm.edu.my

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Centre for Automotive Research (CAR)

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he Centre for Automotive Research (CAR) was officially established as a research centre within the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, UKM in February 2009. The conception of CAR was first mooted in 2007, with a view of synergising existing research in automotive engineering. Since 2002, members of the Faculty who now work collectively within CAR have carried out various research on vehicle dynamics and on internal combustion engines (ICE). Areas of study include vehicle safety; vehicle noise, vibration and harshness (NVH); tyre dynamics; vehicle ergonomics; aerodynamic stability of vehicles; automotive engine design; fatigue of vehicle components; and automotive applications of the honeycomb structure. These research have been funded by various sources, including UKM’s internal research grant, the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) and others. Research at CAR also involves active collaboration with other local and private academic institutions as well as automotive industries.

The centre’s vision and mission are to be an international centre of excellence referred to by regional automotive industries and, to be a centre of knowledge for multidisciplinary research, development and professional services in automotive technology.

MAIN RESEARCH AREAS • • • •

Eco Based Automotive Design and Process Intelligent Vehicle Communication (IVC) – Intelligent Control Unit Vehicle Ergonomic and Comfort Fuel Efficient Vehicle and Green Fuel

Our goals are (1) active participation in research with multidisciplinary expertise related to automotive technology; (2) generation of innovative products, patents and intellectual property in related field; (3) strong research networking and dissemination of information nationally and on the international platform; (4) professional researchers capable of continuously providing consultancy services to the automotive industry; (5) certified research laboratory equipped with up to date facilities; and (6) a worldwide community of high quality, dedicated and renowned researchers, whilst increasing the population of young local researchers within the community. Meanwhile, its roadmap is to develop the sustainable energy efficient vehicle for local and global application.

Research

Research roadmap roadmap

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CAR also had energetic participated in research activities in all field related to automotive application such as soot measurement system in diesel engine, PIV system in wind tunnel, design and fabrication of liquid cooled copper plate with oblique fins for electric vehicle li -

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RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

roadmap

Research

CARResearch Activities also had energetic participated in research activities in all field related to automotive

application such as soot measurement system in diesel engine, PIV system in wind tunnel, CAR and also fabrication had energetic participated research activities in all field to automotive design of liquid cooledin copper plate with oblique fins related for electric vehicle liapplication such as soot measurement system in diesel engine, PIV system in wind tunnel, ion battery cooling, durability evaluation of ballistic resistant panel for armoured and many design and fabrication of liquid cooled copper plate with oblique fins for electric vehicle li others.

ion battery cooling, durability evaluation of ballistic resistant panel for armoured and many others.

The Centre also had collaborations with local and international parties to integrate research activities and enhance transfer for future application.parties CAR has collaborating The Centre also had technology collaborations with local and international to been integrate research withactivities Mitsubishi Motor Malaysia through car donation for research, and with UKM-UDE and enhance technology transfer for future application.

CAR has been collaborating with Mitsubishi Motor Malaysia through car donation for research, and with UKM-UDE GERMANY in developing SAE student formula car for racing competition.

GERMANY in developing SAE student formula car for racing competition.

Hand-over of Mitsubishi ASX by SAE student formula car for racing competition Mitsubishi Motor Malaysia, th 28 September 2016

The centre has actively organised several conferences and seminars at national and The centre has actively organised several conferences and seminars at national and international levels to highlight new discoveries, share technology and foster active international levels to highlight new discoveries, share technology and foster active collaboration with all all parties forfor elevating the centre, Among the the collaboration with parties elevating the centre, faculty faculty and and UKM UKM globally. globally. Among conferences and seminars organised by the centre are: conferences and seminars organised by the centre are: • Symposium on on Damage Mechanisms � Symposium Damage Mechanisms inin Materials Materials && Structures Structures (SDMMS) (SDMMS) 22016, 016, 9 9 August 2016, Bangi Hotel August 2016, Bangi Hotel • Design and Development of a Simulation Environment and Fault Isolation Scheme � Design and Development of a Simulation Environment and Fault Isolation Scheme on A th 2016, on AVolvo VolvoVEP4 VEP4 MP Engine, Monash University of Malaysia, 16 th November 2016, Faculty MP Engine, Monash University of Malaysia, 16 November Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM th � Energy Systems and Powertrain, Prof V. Schindler (Former VP BMW Germany), 4 Dec 2015, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM rd International on Recent Advances in Automotive Engineering and � 3 INNOVATE VOLUMEConference 10 st rd Mobility Research (ReCAR), 1 -3 December 2015, Melaka � Cooperative Research of Universities and Industry in Germany, University of Duisburgth Essen, Germany, 30 November 2015, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM

collaboration with all parties for elevating the centre, faculty and UKM globally. Among the conferences and seminars organised by the centre are: � Symposium on Damage Mechanisms in Materials & Structures (SDMMS) 2 016, 9 August 2016, Bangi Hotel � Design and Development of a Simulation Environment and Fault Isolation Scheme on A th Volvo VEP4 MP Engine, Monash University of Malaysia, 16 November 2016, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM th • �Energy Systems and Powertrain, Prof V. Schindler (Former VP BMW Germany), Dec 4 th Energy Systems and Powertrain, Prof V. Schindler (Former VP BMW Germany), 4 Dec 2015, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, 2015, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM UKM rd • �3 rd 3 International in Automotive AutomotiveEngineering Engineeringand and International Conference Conference on on Recent Recent Advances Advances in Mobility Research (ReCAR), 1 Mobility Research (ReCAR), 1 sstt -3 -3rrdd December 2015, Melaka December 2015, Melaka • �Cooperative Research of Universities and Industry in Germany, University of DuisburgCooperative Research of Universities and Industry in Germany, University of Duisburgth t h November 2015, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Essen, Germany, Essen, Germany, 3030 November 2015, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM UKM Success Factors for R&D R&D Project Project Commercialisation, Commercialisation, Prof.

• �Success Factors for Prof.Ir. Ir.Dr. Dr.Mohd MohdJailani JailaniMohd Mohd th Feb 2015, 2015, Faculty and Built (Deputy Vice Chancellor, UTEM), UTEM), 18 th Feb NorNor (Deputy Vice Chancellor, Facultyof ofEngineering Engineering and Built Environment, UKM Environment, UKM

Symposium on Damage Mechanisms in Materials & Structures (SDMMS 2016) Symposium on Damage Mechanisms in Materials & Structures (SDMMS 2016)

3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Automotive Engineering and Mobility Research (ReCAR 2015) For further correspondence, kindly contact: Prof. Ir. Dr. Shahrum Abullah Head, Centre for Automotive Research Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MALAYSIA Telephone : +603-8921 6104 Fax : +603-8921 6452 E-mail: shahrum@ukm.edu.my

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RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

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HIGH IMPACT JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS 2016

HIGH IMPACT JOURNAL 2016

74

I

n 2006, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) was awarded with Research University status by the Malaysia’s Ministry of Higher Education, which entitled UKM to receive additional funding for research activities. To maintain the Research University status, UKM, among others, need to continue publishing in top tier high quality journals. The Malaysian Research Assessment Instrument (MyRA) under the Ministry of Higher Education has put the emphasis on the researchers to publish in the quartile 1 (Q1) and quartile 2 (Q2) of the top tier journals, as published in Journal Citation Reports of Thomson Reuters.

Q1 denotes the top 25% of the Impact Factor (IF) distribution of a particular subject categories relevant for a particular journal, Q2 for the middle-high position (between top 50% and top 25%), Q3 middle-low position (top 75% to top 50%), and Q4 the lowest position (bottom 25% of the IF distribution).

In this respect, it is worth mentioning that 30% of the total indexed journal published by FKAB for 2016 are from Q1 and Q2 journals. This constitutes of 25% of the total Q1 and Q2 journals produced by the university for the same year, making the faculty as one of the main contributors of UKM’s top tier journals. The Q1 and Q2 publications by FKAB for 2016 are listed below:

List of Q1 Publication 2016 1.

A.M. Yusop, R. Mohamed, A. Mohamed. 2016. Inverse dynamic analysis type of MPPT control strategy in a thermoelectric-solar hybrid energy harvesting system. Renewable Energy 86: 682-682. IF 3.476.

2.

A.B.M.A Kaish, M. Jamil, S.N. Raman, M.F.M. Zain, M.R. Alam. 2016. An approach to improve conventional square ferrocement jacket for strengthening application of short square RC column.

Materials and Structures 49: 1025-1037. IF 1.714.

3.

A.H. Abdol Rahim, Alhassan Salami Tijani, S.K. Kamarudin, S. Hanapi. 2016. An overview of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer for hydrogen production: Modeling and mass transport. Journal of Power Sources 309: 56-65. IF 6.217.

4.

A.R. Natasha, J.A. Ghani, C.H. Che Haron, J. Syarif, A.H. Musfirah. 2016. Temperature at the toolchip interface in cryogenic and dry turning of AISI 4340 using carbide tool. International Journal of Simulation Modelling 15: 1-12. IF 2.08.

5.

Abdulla Amin Aburomman, Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz. 2016. A novel SVM kNN PSO ensemble method for intrusion detection system. Applied Soft Computing 38: 360-372. IF 2.81.

6.

Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi, Jamaliah Md. Jahim, Shuhaida Harun, Jian Ping Tan, Abdul Wahab Mohammad. 2016. Biorefinery approach towards greener succinic acid production fromoil palm frond bagasse. Process Biochemistry 51: 1527-1537. IF 2.516.

7.

Abedini, A., Bakar, A.A.A., Larki, F., Menon, P.S., Islam, M.S. & Shaari, S. 2016. Recent advances in shape-controlled synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles by radiolysis route. Nanoscale Research Letters 11: 1-13. IF 2.524.

8.

Abudukeremu Kadier, Mohd Sahaid Kalil, Peyman Abdeshahian, K. Chandrasekhar, Azah Mohamed, Nadia Farhana Azman, Washington Logrono, Yibadatihan Simayi and Aidil Abdul Hamid. 2016. Recent advances and emerging challenges in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) for microbial production of hydrogen and value-added chemicals. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 61: 501-525. IF 5.901.

9.

Ahmed A Al Amiery, Fatin A Binti Kassim, Abdul Amir H Kadhum, Abu Bakar Mohamad. 2016. Synthesis and characterization of a novel eco-friendly corrosion inhibition for mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid.

Scientific Reports 6: 1-13. IF 5.57.

10.

Ahmed W. Al Zand, Wan Hamidon W. Badaruzzaman, Azrul A. Mutalib, Salam J. Hilo. 2016. The enhanced performance of CFST beams using different strengthening schemes involving unidirectional CFRP sheets: An experimental study. Engineering Structures 128: 184-198. IF 1.838.

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75 11.

Ahmed, Y., Yaakob, Z. Akhtar, P. 2016. Degradation and mineralization of methylene blue using a heterogeneous photo-fenton catalyst under visible and solar light irradiation. Catalysis Science and Technology 6: 1222-1232. IF 5.426.

12.

Aiman Hasan Hamood Al-Masoodi, Ahmed Kawan, Mudiono Kasmuri, R. Hamid and M.N.N. Khan. 2016.

Static and dynamic properties of concrete with different types and shapes of fibrous reinforcement.

Construction and Building Materials 104: 247-262. IF 2.296.

13.

Al-Amiery A.A., Binti Kassim F.A., Kadhum A.A.H., Mohamad A.B. 2016. Synthesis and characterization of a novel eco-friendly corrosion inhibition for mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid. Scientific Reports 6. IF 5.578.

14.

Ali Raed Faisal, Fazirulhisyam Hashim, Nor Kamariah Noordin, Mahamod Ismail, Abbas Jamalipour.

2016. Efficient beam forming and spectral efficiency maximization in a joint transmission system using an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm. Applied Soft Computing 49: 759-769. IF 2.81.

15.

An’amt Mohamed Noor, Perumal Rameshkumar, Norazriena Yusoff, Huang Nay Ming, Mohd Shaiful Sajab. 2016. Microwave synthesis of reduced graphene oxide decorated with silver nanoparticles for electrochemical determination of 4-nitrophenol. Ceramics International 42: 18813-18820. IF 2.605.

16.

Arshed Abdulhamed Mohammed, Sallehuddin Mohamed Haris, Mohd Zaki Nuawi. 2016. Utilizing Hilbert Huang transform in detection some of mechanical properties of the refractory metals.

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 68-69: 449-461. IF 2.256.

17.

Ashiqur Rahman, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Mandeep Jit Singh and Norbahiah Misran. 2016. Sol gel synthesis of transition-metal doped ferrite compounds with potential flexible, dielectric and electromagnetic properties. RSC Advances 6: 84562-84572. IF 3.84.

18.

Ashiqur Rahman, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Mandeep Jit Singh, Salehin Kibria & Md. Akhtaruzzaman.

2016. Electromagnetic performances analysis of an ultra-wideband and flexible material antenna in microwave breast imaging: To implement a wearable medical bra. Scientific Reports 6: 1-11. IF 5.578.

19.

Ashiqur Rahman, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Md Samsuzzaman, Mandeep Jit Singh, Md. Akhtaruzzaman.

2016. Preparation and characterization of flexible substrate material from phenyl-thiophene-2carbaldehyde compound. Materials 9: 1-12. IF 2.651.

20.

Asmadi Ahmad, Siti Fatin Mohd Razali, Zawawi Samba Mohamed, Ahmed El-Shafie. 2016. The application of artificial bee colony and gravitational search algorithm in reservoir optimization. Water Resources Management 30: 2497-2516. IF 2.6.

21.

Azizul Hakim, Tengku Sharifah Marliza, Najiha Maratun Abu Tahari, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak, Muhammad Rahimi Yusop, Mohamad Wahab Mohamad Hisham, and Mohd Ambar Yarmo. 2016.

Studies on CO2 adsorption and desorption properties from various type iron oxides (FeO, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4). Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 55: 7888-7897. IF 2.587.

22.

Bushra Rashid, Z. Leman, M. Jawaid, M.J. Ghazali, M.R. Ishak. 2016. Physicochemical and thermal properties of lignocellulosic fiber from sugar palm fibers: Effect of treatment. Cellulose 23: 2905-2916.

IF 3.573.

23.

C.K. Ng, S. Ramesh, C.Y. Tan, Andanastuti Muchtar, Mahendra Rao Somalu. 2016. Microwave sintering of ceria-doped scandia stabilized zirconia as electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 4: 14184-14190. IF 3.313.

24.

Chin Boon Ong, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Rosiah Rohani, Muneer M. BaAbbad, Nur Hanis Hayati Hairom. 2016. Solar photocatalytic degradation of hazardous Congo red using low temperature synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 104: 549-557. IF 2.551.

25.

F. Ahmad Zakil, S.K. Kamarudin, S. Basri. 2016. Modified Nafion membranes for direct alcohol fuel cells: An overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 65: 841-852. IF 5.901.

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HIGH IMPACT JOURNAL 2016

76 26.

F.D. Chong, C.Y. Tan, R. Singh, A. Muchtar, M.R. Somalu, C.K. Ng, B.K. Yap, Y.C. Teh, Y.M. Tan. 2016. Effect of manganese oxide on the sinterability of 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia. Materials Characterization 120: 331-336. IF 1.845.

27.

Ghasemi M., Wan Daud W.R., Alam J., Ilbeygi H., Sedighi M., Ismail A.F., Yazdi M.H., Aljlil S.A. 2016.

Treatment of two different water resources in desalination and microbial fuel cell processes by poly sulfone/Sulfonated poly ether ether ketone hybrid membrane. Energy 96: 303-313. IF 4.844.

28.

Ghasemi M., Wan Daud W.R., Alam J., Jafari Y., Sedighi M., Aljlil S.A., Ilbeygi H. 2016. Sulfonated poly ether ether ketone with different degree of sulphonation in microbial fuel cell: Application study and economical analysis. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 4862-4871. IF 3.313.

29.

Ghasemi M., Wan Daud W.R., Hassan S.H.A., Jafary T., Rahimnejad M., Ahmad A., Yazdi M.H. 2016.

Carbon nanotube/polypyrrole nanocomposite as a novel cathode catalyst and proper alternative for Pt in microbial fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 4872-4878. IF 3.313.

30.

Gong Tao Ding, Zahira Yaakob, Mohd Sobri Takriff, Jailani Salihon, Muhammad Syukri Abd Rahaman.

2016. Biomass production and nutrients removal by a newly-isolated microalgal strain chlamydomonas SP in palm oil mill effluent (POME). International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 4888-4895. IF 3.313.

31.

H. M. Chandima Chathuranga Somarathna, Sudharshan N. Raman, Khairiah Haji Badri, Azrul A. Mutalib, Damith Mohotti, Sri Devi Ravana. 2016. Quasi-static behavior of palm-based elastomeric polyurethane: for strengthening application of structures under impulsive loadings. Polymers 8: 1-20.

IF 3.904.

32.

Hafiza Shukor, Peyman Abdeshahian, Najeeb Kaid Nasser Al-Shorgani, Aidil Abdul Hamid, Norliza A. Rahman and Mohd Sahaid Kalil. 2016. Enhanced mannan-derived fermentable sugars of palm kernel cake by mannanase-catalyzed hydrolysis for production of biobutanol. Bioresource Technology 218: 257-264. IF 4.494.

33.

Hafiza Shukor, Peyman Abdeshahian, Najeeb Kaid Nasser Al-Shorgani, Aidil Abdul Hamid, Norliza A. Rahman and Mohd Sahaid Kalil. 2016. Saccharification of polysaccharide content of palm kernel cake using enzymatic catalysis for production of biobutanol in acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation.

Bioresource Technology 202: 206-213. IF 4.494.

34.

Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan, Ahmed El-shafie, Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar, Zaher Mundher Yaseen. 2016. Past, present and prospect of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based model for sediment transport prediction. Journal of Hydrology 541: 902-913. IF 3.053.

35.

Hassimi Abu Hasan, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Ali Waheid Nakemish Al-Attabi, Daniah Ali Hassoon Nash, Nurina Anuar, Norliza Abd. Rahman, Harmin Sulistiyaning Titah. 2016. Removal of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, COD and nitrogen compounds from pharmaceutical wastewater using aerobic suspension-sequencing batch reactor (ASSBR). Separation and Purification Technology 157: 215-221.

IF 3.091.

36.

Hassimi Abu Hasan, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Noorhisham Tan Kofli, Shy Jay Yeoh. 2016.

Interaction of environmental factors on simultaneous biosorption of lead and manganese ions by locally isolated Bacillus cereus. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 37: 295-305. IF 3.512.

37.

Hay J.X.W., Wu T.Y., Ng B.J., Juan J.C., Md. Jahim J. 2016. Reusing pulp and paper mill effluent as a bioresource to produce biohydrogen through ultrasonicated Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Energy Conversion and Management 113: 273-280. IF 4.38.

38.

Hend Ali Omar, Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff, Halil Ceylan, Zainuddin Sajuri, Fauzan Mohd Jakarni, Amiruddin Ismail. 2016. Investigation of the relationship between fluidity and adhesion strength of unmodified and modified bitumens using the pull-off test method. Construction and Building Materials 122: 140148. IF 2.296.

39.

Hend Ali Omar, Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff, Zainuddin Sajuri, Halil Ceylan, Fauzan Mohd Jakarni and Amiruddin Ismail. 2016. Determining the Effects of Ageing on Halloysite Nano-tube Modified Binders through the Pull-off Test Method. Construction and Building Materials 126: 245-252. IF 2.296.

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77 40.

Hussein Shareef, Mainul Islam, Azah Mohamed. 2016. A review of the state-of-the art charging technologies, placement methodologies and impacts of electric vehicles Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 64: 403-420. IF 5.901.

41.

Jamal Abd Ali, M.A Hannan, Azah Mohamed, Maher G.M. Abdolrasol. 2016. Fuzzy logic speed controller optimization approach for induction motor drive using backtracking search algorithm. Measurement 78: 49-62. IF 1.526.

42.

Jamaliah Md Jahim, Mohd Sobri Takriff, Byung Hong Kim. 2016. Preface to the special issue section on The 2014 Asian Biohydrogen and Biorefinery Symposium. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 4854. IF 3.313.

43.

Jian Ping Tan, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Shuhaida Harun, Ta Yeong Wu, Tabassum Mumtaz. 2016. Utilisation of oil palm fronds as a sustainable carbon source in biorefineries. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 4890-4906. IF 3.313.

44.

K.H. Mah, H.W. Yussof, M.N. Abu Seman and A.W. Mohammad. 2016. Separation of xylose using a thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane: screening of interfacial polymerization factors RSC Advances 6: 69454-69464. IF 3.84.

45.

K.F. Mustafa, S. Abdullah, M.Z. Abdullah, K. Sopian. 2016. Comparative assessment of a porous burner using vegetable cooking oil-kerosene fuel blends for thermoelectric and thermophotovoltaic power generation. Fuel 180: 137-147. IF 3.52.

46.

Kalaivani Chellappan Nor Shahirah Shaik Amir, Shahizon A Mohamed Mukari, Law Zhe Kang, Ramesh Sahathevan. 2016. Identifying imaging parameters that distinguish cerebral amyloid angiopathy hemorrhage (CAAH) from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). International Journal of Stroke 11: 271. IF 3.844.

47.

Kalaivani Chellappan, Khairul Muslim Nordin and Ramesh Sahathevan. 2016. Personalised post stroke finger grip rehabilitation monitoring framework & prototype. International Journal of Stroke 11: 261.

IF 3.833.

48.

Kalaivani Chellappan, Raska Uroshi, Oteh Maskon, Ramesh Sahathevan. 2016. Non-invasive finger photoplethysmogram in detection of left ventricular hypertrophy among stroke patients. International Journal of Stroke 11: 221. IF 3.833.

49.

Kalaivani Chellappan, Siti Nur Hidayah Abdul Malek, Rosmina Jaafar, Amilia Aminuddin. 2016. Selfmonitoring technique for stroke prevention among atrial fibrillation patients. International Journal of Stroke 11: 248. IF 3.833.

50.

Khamis Naba Sayl, Nur Shazwani Muhammad, Zaher Mundher Yaseen & Ahmed El-Shafie. 2016.

Estimation the physical variables of rainwater harvesting system using integrated GIS-based remote sensing approach. Water Resources Management 30: 3299-3313. IF 2.6.

51.

Kok Mun Ng, Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz. 2016. Platoon interactions and real-world traffic simulation and validation based on the LWR-IM. PLoS ONE 11: 1-17. IF 3.234.

52.

Leila Soufeiani, Sudharshan N. Raman, Mohd Zamin Bin Jumaat, Ubagaram Johnson Alengaram, Ghasem Ghadyani, Priyan Mendis. 2016. Influences of the volume fraction and shape of steel fibers on fiberreinforced concrete subjected to dynamic loading: A review. Engineering Structures 124: 405-417. IF 1.838.

53.

Li Ting Soo, Kee Shyuan Loh, Abu Bakar Mohamad, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, Wai Yin Wong. 2016.

Synthesis of silver/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide through a one-step thermal solid-state reaction for oxygen reduction in an alkaline medium. Journal of Power Sources 324: 412-420. IF 6.217.

54.

Li Ting Soo, Kee Shyuan Loh, Abu Bakar Mohamad, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, Wai Yin Wong. 2016. Effect of nitrogen precursors on the electrochemical performance of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide towards oxygen reduction reaction. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 677: 112-120. IF 2.999.

55.

Lillian Gungat, Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff, Meor Othman Hamzah. 2016. Effects of RH-WMA additive on rheological properties of high amount reclaimed asphalt binders. Construction and Building Materials 114: 665-672. IF 2.296.

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HIGH IMPACT JOURNAL 2016

78 56.

Loow Y.-L., Wu T.Y., Yang G.H., Md. Jahim J., Teoh W.H., Mohammad A.W. 2016. Role of energy irradiation in aiding pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for improving reducing sugar recovery.

Cellulose 23: 2761-2789. IF 3.573.

57.

M. Jamshidian, P. Thamburaja and T. Rabczuk. 2016. A multiscale coupled finite-element and phase-field framework to modeling stressed grain growth in polycrystalline thin films. Journal of Computational Physics 327: 779-798. IF 2.434.

58.

M. Jamshidian, P. Thamburaja, T. Rabczuk. 2016. Modeling the effect of surface energy on stressed grain growth in cubic polycrystalline bodies. Scripta Materialia 113: 209-213. IF 3.224.

59.

M. Anitha, S.K. Kamarudin, N.T. Kofli. 2016. The potential of glycerol as a value-added commodity.

Chemical Engineering Journal 295: 119-130. IF 4.321.

60.

M. Jamil, M.N.N. Khan, M.R. Karim, A.B.M.A. Kaish, M.F.M. Zain. 2016. Physical and chemical contributions of rice husk ash on the properties of mortar. Construction and Building Materials 128: 185-198. IF 2.296.

61.

M. Moniruzzaman, Zahira Yaakob, Rahima Khatun. 2016. Biotechnology for Jatropha improvement: A worthy exploration. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 54: 1262-1277. IF 5.901.

62.

M. Mosleh E. Abu Samak, A. Ashrif A. Bakar, Muhammad Kashif and Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Zan. 2016.

Comprehensive numerical analysis of finite difference time domain methods for improving optical waveguide sensor accuracy. Sensors-Basel 16: 1-16. IF 2.245.

63.

M.A. Hannan, M. Arebey, R.A. Begum, Hassan Basri, Md. Abdulla Al Mamun. 2016. Content-based image retrieval system for solid waste bin level detection and performance evaluation. Waste Management 50: 10-19. IF 3.22.

64.

M.A.F. Akhairi, S.K. Kamarudin. 2016. Catalysts in direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC): An overview.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 4212-4228. IF 3.313.

65.

M.J. Ghazali, S.M. forghani, N. Hassanuddin, A. Muchtar, A.R. Daud. 2016. Comparative wear study of plasma sprayed TiO2 and Al2O3-TiO2 on mild steels. Tribology International 93: 681-686. IF 1.936.

66.

M.K. Mat Desa, S. Sapeai, A.W. Azhari, K. Sopian, M.Y. Sulaiman, N. Amin, S.H. Zaidi. 2016. Silicon back contact solar cell configuration: A pathway towards higher efficiency. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 60: 1516-1532. IF 5.901.

67.

Madihah Miskan, Manal Ismail, Mostafa Ghasemi, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Darman Nordin, Mimi Hani Abu Bakar. 2016. Characterization of membrane biofouling and its effect on the performance of microbial fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 543-552. IF 3.313.

68.

Mahalingam S., Abdullah H. 2016. Electron transport study of indium oxide as photoanode in DSSCs: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 63: 245-255. IF 5.901.

69.

Mahda Noura, Rosdiadee Nordin. 2016. A survey on interference management for device-todevice (D2D) communication and its challenges in 5G networks. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 71: 130-150. IF 2.229.

70.

Mahmoud A.M. Al-Alwani, Abu Bakar Mohamad, Norasikin A. Ludin, Abd. Amir H. Kadhum, Kamaruzzaman Sopian. 2016. Dye-sensitised solar cells: Development, structure, operation principles, electron kinetics, characterisation, synthesis materials and natural photosensitisers. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 65: 183-213. IF 5.901.

71.

Majid Niaz Akhtar, Abu Bakar Sulong, Mukhtar Ahmad, Muhammad Azhar Khan,Akbar Ali, M.U. Islam. 2016. Impacts of GdeCe on the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of garnet nanocrystalline ferrites synthesized via solegel route. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 66: 486-495.

IF 2.999.

72.

Manoj Pudukudy, Zahira Yaakob, Mohd Sobri Takriff. 2016. Methane decomposition into COx free hydrogen and multiwalled carbon nanotubes over ceria, zirconia and lanthana supported nickel catalysts prepared via a facile solid state citrate fusion method. Energy Conversion and Management 126: 302-315. IF 4.38.

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

79 73.

Masoud Shakiba, Azam Zavvari, Nadeer Aleebrahim, Mandeep Jit Singh. 2016. Evaluating the academic trend of RFID technology based on SCI and SSCI publications from 2001 to 2014. Scientometrics 2016: 591-614. IF 2.183.

74.

Md. Mehedi Hasan,Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, Sikder Sunbeam Islam, Mohammad Tariqul Islam. 2016. A new compact double-negative miniaturized metamaterial for wideband operation.

Materials 9: 1-12. IF 2.651.

75.

Md. Rokunuzzaman, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Wayne S.T. Rowe, Salehin Kibria,Mandeep Jit Singh, Norbahiah Misran. 2016. Design of a miniaturized meandered line antenna for UHF RFID tags. PLoS ONE 11: 1-14. IF 3.234.

76.

Md. Safiuddin, Sudharshan N. Raman, Md. Abdus Salam, Mohd. Zamin Jumaat. 2016. Modeling of compressive strength for self-consolidating high-strength concrete incorporating palm oil fuel ash.

Materials 9: 1-13. IF 2.651.

77.

Md. AbdullaAlMamun, M.A. Hannan, AiniHussain, Hassan Basri. 2016. Theoretical model and implementation of a real time intelligent bin status monitoring system using rule based decision algorithms. Expert Systems with Applications 48: 76-88. IF 1.965.

78.

Mohammad K. Younes, Z.M. Nopiah, N.E. Ahmad Basri, H. Basri, Mohammed F.M. Abushammala, Mohammed Y. Younes. 2016. Landfill area estimation based on integrated waste disposal options and solid waste forecasting using modified. ANFIS model Waste Management 55: 3-11. IF 3.22.

79.

Mohammed H. Alsharif, Rosdiadee Nordin, Mahamod Ismail. 2016. Green Wireless Network Optimisation Strategies within Smart Grid Environments for Long Term Evolution (LTE) Cellular Networks in Malaysia. Renewable Energy 85: 157-170. IF 3.476.

80.

Mohammed H.J., Zain M.F.M. 2016. Experimental application of EPS concrete in the new prototype design of the concrete barrier. Construction and Building Materials 124: 312-342. IF 2.296.

81.

Mohammed Shadi S. Abujazar, S. Fatihah, A.R. Rakmi, M.Z. Shahrom. 2016. The effects of design parameters on productivity performance of a solar still for seawater desalination: A review.

Desalination 385: 178-193. IF 3.756.

82.

Mohd Ezree Abdullah, Kemas Ahmad Zamhari, Mohd Rosli Hainin, Ebenezer Akin Oluwasola, Norhidayah Abdul Hassan, Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff. 2016. Engineering properties of asphalt binders containing nanoclay and chemical warm-mix asphalt additives. Construction and Building Materials 112: 232-240. IF 2.296.

83.

Mohd Ezree Abdullah, Kemas Ahmad Zamhari, Mohd Rosli Hainin, Ebenezer Akin Oluwasola, Nur Izzi Md Yusoff, Norhidayah Abdul Hassan. 2016. High temperature characteristics of warm mix asphalt mixtures with nanoclay and chemical warm mix asphalt modified binders. Journal of Cleaner Production 122: 326-334. IF 3.844.

84.

Mohd Ezree Abdullah, Mohd Rosli Hainin, Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff, Kemas Ahmad Zamhari dan Norhidayah Hassan. 2016. Laboratory evaluation on the characteristics and pollutant emissions of nanoclay and chemical warm mix asphalt modified binders. Construction and Building Materials 113: 488-497. IF 2.296.

85.

Mohd Nizam Ab Rahman, Raden Achmad Chairdino Leuveano, Fairul Azni bin Jafar, Chairul Saleh, Baba Md Deros, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, Wan Hasrulnizzam Wan Mahmood. 2016. Incorporating logistic costs into a single vendor buyer JELS model.

Applied Mathematical Modelling 40: 10809-10819. IF 2.251.

86.

Mohd Radzi Abu Mansor, Masahiro Shioji. 2016. Investigation of the combustion process of hydrogen jets under argon-circulated hydrogen-engine conditions. Combustion and Flame 173: 245-257. IF 3.082.

87.

Mohd Shaiful Sajab, Chin Hua Chia, Chi Hoong Chan, Sarani Zakaria, Hatika Kaco, Soon Wei Chook, Siew Xian Chin and Amt Mohamed Noor. 2016. Bifunctional graphene oxide-cellulose nanofibril aerogel loaded with Fe(III) for the removal of cationic dye via simultaneous adsorption and Fenton oxidation. RSC Advances 6: 19819-19825. IF 3.84.

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HIGH IMPACT JOURNAL 2016

80 88.

Muneer M. Ba-Abbad, Mohd S. Takriff, Abdelbaki Benamor, Abdul Wahab Mohammad. 2016. Synthesis and characterisation of Co2+-incorporated ZnO nanoparticles prepared through a sol-gel method.

Advanced Powder Technology 27: 2439-2447. IF 2.638.

89.

Muzalifah Mohd. Said, Jumril Yunas, Roer Eka Pawinanto, Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis, Badariah Bais.

2016. PDMS based electromagnetic actuator membrane with embeddedmagnetic particles in polymer composite. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 245: 85-96. IF 1.903.

90.

N.A. Ahmad, C.P. Leo, A.L. Ahmad, A.W. Mohammad. 2016. Separation of CO2 from hydrogen using membrane gas absorption with PVDF/PBI membrane. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 4855-4861. IF 3.313.

91.

N.A. Aziz, D.A. Wahab, R. Ramli, C.H. Azhari. 2016. Modelling and optimisation of upgradability in the design of multiple life cycle products: a critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production 112: 282-290. IF 3.844.

92.

N.M. Yusop, D.A. Wahab, N. Saibani. 2016. Realising the automotive remanufacturing roadmap in Malaysia: Challenges and the way forward. Journal of Cleaner Production 112: 1910-1919. IF 3.59.

93.

Nabilah Aminah Lutpia, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Tabassum Mumtaz, Shuhaida Harun, Peer Mohamed Abdul. 2016. Batch and continuous thermophilic hydrogen fermentation of sucrose using anaerobic sludge from palm oil mill effluent via immobilization technique. Process Biochemistry 51: 297-307. IF 2.516.

94.

Nadia Farhana Azman, Peyman Abdeshahian, Abudukeremu Kadier, Hafiza Shukor, Najeeb Kaid Nasser Al-Shorgani, Aidil Abdul Hamid and Mohd Sahaid Kalil. 2016. Utilization of palm kernel cake as a renewable feedstock for fermentative hydrogen production. Renewable Energy 93: 700-708. IF 3.476.

95.

Nadia Farhana Azman, Peyman Abdeshahian, Abudukeremu Kadier, Najeeb Kaid Nasser Al-Shorgani, Noura K.M. Salih, Izzati Lananan, Aidil Abdul Hamid and Mohd Sahaid Kalil. 2016. Biohydrogen production from de-oiled rice bran as sustainable feedstock in fermentative process. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 145-156. IF 3.313.

96.

Nadia Farhana Azman, Peyman Abdeshahian, Najeeb Kaid Nasser Al-Shorgani, Aidil Abdul Hamid and Mohd Sahaid Kalil. 2016. Production of hydrogen energy from dilute acid-hydrolyzed palm oil mill effluent in dark fermentation using an empirical model. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 16373-16384. IF 3.313.

97.

Nadom Khalifa Mutlib, Shahrizan Bin Baharom, Ahmed El-Shafie and Mohd Zaki Nuawi. 2016.

Ultrasonic health monitoring in structural engineering: buildings and bridges. Structural Control and Health Monitoring 23: 409-422. IF 2.133.

98.

Najeeb Kaid Nasser Al-Shorgani, Mohd Hafez Mohd Isa, Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff, Mohd Sahaid Kalil and Aidil Abdul Hamid. 2016. Isolation of a clostridium acetobutylicum strain and characterization of its fermentation performance on agricultural wastes. Renewable Energy 86: 459-465. IF 3.476.

99.

Naz Niamul Islam, M.A. Hannan, Azah Mohamed, Hussain Shareef. 2016. Improved power system stability using backtracking search algorithm for coordination design of PSS and TCSC damping controller. PLoS ONE 11: 1-17. IF 3.234.

100. Norsyahida Mohammad, Abu Bakar Mohamad, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum, Kee Shyuan Loh. 2016. A review on synthesis and characterization of solid acid materials for fuel cell applications. Journal of Power Sources 322: 77-92. IF 217.

101. Nur Hasiba Kamaruddin, Ahmad Ashrif A. Bakar, Mohd Hanif Yaacob, Mohd Adzir Mahdi, Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Zan, Sahbudin Shaari. 2016. Enhancement of chitosan-graphene oxide SPR sensor with a multi-metallic layers of Au-Ag-Au nanostructure for lead(II) ion detection. Applied Surface Science 361: 177-184. IF 2.711.

102. Nur Izyan Wan Azelee, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohamad Fuzi, Roshanida A. Rahman, Rosli Md Illias. 2016. High xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production from pretreated kenaf stem by enzyme mixture hydrolysis. Industrial Crops and Products 81: 11-19. IF 2.837.

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81 103. Nur S. Muhammad, Pierre Y. Julien, Jose D. Salas. 2016. Probability structure and return period of multiday monsoon rainfall. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 21 (1): 1-11. IF 1.583.

104. Nurul Zafirah Abd. Khalim Khafidz, Zahira Yaakob, Kean Long Lim, Sharifah Najiha Timmiati. 2016.

The kinetics of lightweight solid-state hydrogen storage materials: A review. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 13131-13151. IF 3.313.

105. Othman A., Abdullah S., Ariffin A.K., Mohamed N.A.N. 2016. Investigating the crushing behavior of quasi-static oblique loading on polymeric foam filled pultruded composite square tubes. Composites Part B: Engineering 95: 493-514. IF 2.983.

106. Peer Mohamed Abdul, Jamaliah Md. Jahim, Shuhaida Harun, Masturah Markom, Nabilah Aminah Lutpi, Osman Hassan, Venkatesh Balan, Bruce E. Dale, Mohd Tusirin Mohd Nor. 2016. Effects of changes in chemical and structural characteristic of ammonia fibre expansion (AFEX) pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre on enzymatic saccharification and fermentability for biohydro. Bioresource Technology 211: 200-208. IF 4.494.

107. Pudukudy, M., Yaakob, Z., Takriff, M.S. 2016. Methane decomposition over unsupported mesoporous nickel ferrites: Effect of reaction temperature on the catalytic activity and properties of the produced nanocarbon. RSC Advances 6: 68081-68091. IF 3.84.

108. Pudukudy, M. Kadier, A., Yaakob, Z., Takriff, M.S. 2016. Non-oxidative thermocatalytic decomposition of methane into COx free hydrogen and nanocarbon over unsupported porous NiO and Fe2O3 catalysts. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 18509-18521. IF 3.313.

109. Rahman A., Islam M.T., Singh M.J., Misran N. 2016. Sol-gel synthesis of transition-metal doped ferrite compounds with potential flexible, dielectric and electromagnetic properties. RSC Advances 6: 8456284572. IF 3.84.

110. Ramez A. Al-Mansoba, Amiruddin Ismail, Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff, Shaban Ismael Albrka, Che Husna Azhari and Mohamed Rehan Karim. 2016. Rheological characteristics of unaged and aged epoxidised natural rubber modified asphalt. Construction and Building Materials 102: 190-199. IF 2.296.

111. Ranjit K. Nath, M.F.M. Zain, M. Jamil. 2016. An environment-friendly solution for indoor air purification by using renewable photocatalysts in concrete: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 62: 1184-1194. IF 5.901.

112. Renuga Verayiah, Azah Mohamed, Izham Zainal Abidin, Hussein Shareef. 2016. Assessment of critical loads instigating voltage instability in transmission network using novel load tracing capable index LQP_LT and PSS/E tools validation. Journal of Electrical Systems 12: 826-838.

113. S. Abdullah, S.K. Kamarudin, U.A. Hasran, M.S. Masdar, W.R.W. Daud. 2016. Electrochemical kinetic and mass transfer model for direct ethanol alkaline fuel cell (DEAFC). Journal of Power Sources 320: 111-119. IF 6.217.

114. S. Daud, A.F.A. Kadir, C.K. Gan, A. Mohamed, Tamer Khatib. 2016. A comparison of heuristic optimization techniques for optimal placement and sizing of photovoltaic based distributed generation in a distribution system. Solar Energy 140: 219-226. IF 3.469.

115. S. Mahalingam, H. Abdullah. 2016. Electron transport study of indium oxide as photoanode in DSSCs: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 63: 245-255. IF 5.901.

116. S.S. Mokri, M.I. Saripan, A.A. Abd Rahni, A.J. Nordin, S. Hashim, M.H. Marhaban. 2016. PET image reconstruction incorporating 3D mean-median sinogram filtering. IEEE Transactions of Nuclear Science 63: 157-169. IF 1.283.

117. S.F. Senin and R. Hamid. 2016. Ground penetrating radar wave attenuation models for estimation of moisture and chloride content in concrete slab. Construction and Building Materials 106: 629-669. IF 2.296.

118. S.Mahalingam, H.Abdullah, I.Ashaari, S.Shaari and A.Muchtar. 2016. Optical, morphology and electrical properties of In2O3 incorporating acid-treated single-walled carbon nanotubes based DSSC. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 49: 075601. IF 2.711.

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HIGH IMPACT JOURNAL 2016

119. S.N.A. Rahman, M.S. Masdar, M.I. Rosli, E.H. Majlan, T. Husaini, S.K. Kamarudin, W.R.W. Daud.

2016. Overview biohydrogen technologies and application in fuel cell technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 66: 137-162. IF 5.901.

120. Saad Aljamali, Shahrir Abdullah, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, Yusoff Ali. 2016. Effect of fuel injection timings on performance and emissions of stratified combustion CNGDI engine. Applied Thermal Engineering 109: 619-629. IF 2.739.

121. Sadik Gharghan, Rosdiadee Nordin, Mahamod Ismail. 2016. A Wireless Sensor Network with Soft Computing Localization Techniques for Track Cycling Applications. Sensors 16: 1-23. IF 2.245.

122. Salam J.Hilo, W.H.Wan Badaruzzaman, S.A.Osman, Ahmed W. Al-Zand. 2016. Structural behavior of composite wall systems strengthened with embedded cold-formed steel tube. Thin-Walled Structures 98: 607-616. IF 1.749.

123. Seyedehzahra Mirrahimi, Mohd Farid Mohamed, Lim Chin Haw, Nik Lukman Nik Ibrahim, Wardah Fatimah Mohammad Yusoff, Ardalan Aflaki. 2016. The effect of building envelope on the thermal comfort and energy saving for high-rise buildings in hot-humid climate. Renewableand Sustainable Energy Reviews 53: 1508-1519. IF 5.901.

124. Shaw Yong Toh, Kee Shyuan Loh, Siti Kartom Kamarudin, Wan Ramli Wan Daud. 2016. The impact of electrochemical reduction potentials on the electrocatalytic activity of graphene oxide toward the oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline medium. Electrochimica Acta 199: 194-203. IF 4.504.

125. Siew Xian Chin, Siti Masrinda Tasirin, Chi Hoong Chan, Chin Hua Chia, Soon Wei Chook, Sarani Zakaria, Mohd Shaiful Sajab. 2016. Catalytic conversion of empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres into lactic acid by lead (II) ions. BioResources 11: 2186-2201. IF 1.425.

126. Sikder Sunbeam Islam, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, Mohammad Tariqul Islam. 2016. An object-independent ENZ metamaterial-based wideband electromagnetic cloak. Scientific Reports 6: 1-10. IF 5.578.

127. Soodabeh Darzi, Sieh Kiong Tiong, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Hassan Rezai Soleymanpour, Salehin Kibria. 2016. An experience oriented-convergence improved gravitational search algorithm for minimum variance distortionless response beamforming optimum. PloS ONE 11: 1-20. IF 3.234.

128. Soodabeh Darzi, Tiong Sieh Kiong, Mohammad Tariqul Islam,Hassan Rezai Soleymanpour, Salehin Kibria. 2016. A memory-based gravitational search algorithm for enhancingminimum variance distortionless response beamforming. Applied Soft Computing 47: 103-118. IF 2.81.

129. Tamer Khatib, Ibrahim A Ibrahim, Azah Mohamed. 2016. A Review on sizing methodologies of photovoltaic and storage battery in a standalone photovoltaic system. Energy Conversion and Management 120: 430-448. IF 4.38.

130. Tarik Ibdeaa, Salina Abdul Samad, Hafizah Husain. 2016. A secure and robust compressed domain video steganography for intra- and inter-frames using embedding-based byte differencing (EBBD) scheme. PLoS ONE 11: 1-10. IF 3.234.

131. Tayser Sumer Gaas, Abu Bakar Sulong, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum, Mohamed H. Nassir and Ahmed A. Al Amiery. 2016. Optimizing injection molding parameters of different halloysites type reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites via taguchi complemented with ANOVA. Materials 9: 1-19. IF 2.651.

132. Tayser Sumer Gaaz, Abu Bakar Sulong, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum, Mohamed H. Nassir and Ahmed A. Al-Amiery. 2016. Impact of sulfuric acid treatment of halloysite on physico-chemic property modification. Materials 9: 1-16. IF 2.651.

133. Towhid H. Chowdhury, Ashraful Islam, A.K. Mahmud Hasan, M. Asri Mat Terdi, M. Arunakumari, Surya Prakash Singh, Md. Khorshed Alam, Idriss M. Bedja, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Nowshad Am. 2016. Prospects of graphene as a potential carrier-transport material in thirdgeneration solar cells. The Chemical Record 16: 614-632. IF 5.492.

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83 134. W.L. Ang, A.W. Mohammad, A. Benamor, N. Hilal. 2016. Hybrid coagulation-NF membrane process for brackish water treatment: Effect of pH and salt/calcium concentration. Desalination 390: 25-32.

IF 3.756.

135. W.L. Ang, A.W. Mohammad, A.Benamor, N.Hilal, C.P.Leo. 2016. Hybrid coagulation NF membrane process for brackish water treatment: Effect of antiscalant on water characteristics and membrane fouling. Desalination 393: 144-150. IF 3.756.

136. Yasameen K. Al Majedy, Ahmed A. Al Amiery, Abdul Amir H. kadhum, Abu Bakar Mohamad. 2016.

Antioxidant activities of 4 methylumbelliferone derivatives. PLoS ONE 11: 1-13. IF 3.234.

137. Yu Loong Loow, Ta Yeong Wu, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, We Hui Teoh. 2016.

Typical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into reducing sugars using dilute acid hydrolysis and alkaline pretreatment. Cellulose 23: 1491-1520. IF 3.573.

138. Yusor Rafid Bahar Al-Mayouf, Mahamod Ismail, Nor Fadzilah Abdullah, Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Wahab, Omar Adil Mahdi, Suleman Khan, Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo. 2016. Efficient and stable routing algorithm based on user mobility and node density in urban vehicular networks. PLoS ONE Journal 11: 1-24. IF 3.234.

139. Z. Zakaria, S.K. Kamarudin. 2016. Direct conversion technologies of methane to methanol: An overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 65: 250-261. IF 5.901.

140. Z. Zakaria, S.K. Kamarudin, S.N. Timmiati. 2016. Membranes for direct ethanol fuel cells: An overview.

Applied Energy 163: 334-342. IF 5.613.

List of Q2 Publication 2016 1. Abushagur, A.A.G., Bakar, A.A.A., Zan, M.S.D.B. and Arsad, N. 2016. A novel technique employing tapered fiber bragg grating to solve the axial/transverse forces crosstalk in microsurgical instruments.

IEEE Sensors Journal 16: 7671-7680. IF 1.762.

2. Afrasyab Khan, Khairuddin Sanaullah, M. Sobri Takriff, Aini Hussain, Ajmal Shah, Imran Rafiq Chughtai. 2016. Void fraction of supersonic steam jet in subcooled water. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 47: 35-44. IF 1.03.

3. Afrasyab Khan, Khairuddin Sanaullah, Mohd. Sobri Takriff, Hushairi Zen, Andrew Ragai Henry Rigit, AjmalShah, Imran Rafiq Chughtai, Tahir Jamil. 2016. Pressure dresses generated due to supersonic steam jet induced hydrodynamic instabilities. Chemical Engineering Science 146: 44-63. IF 2.337.

4. Aghajani Mir M., Taherei Ghazvinei P., Sulaiman N.M.N., Basri N.E.A., Saheri S., Mahmood N.Z., Jahan A., Begum R.A., Aghamohammadi N. 2016. Application of TOPSIS and VIKOR improved versions in a multi criteria decision analysis to develop an optimized municipal solid waste management model. Journal of Environmental Management 166: 109-115. IF 2.723.

5. Allaedini G., Mahmoudi E., Aminayi P., Tasirin S.M., Mohammad A.W. 2016. Optical investigation of reduced graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide/CNTs grown via simple CVD method. Synthetic Metals 220: 72-77. IF 2.252.

6. Ammar Hussein Mutlag, Azah Mohamed, Hussein Shareef. 2016. A nature-insprired optimizationbased optimum fuzzy logic photovoltaic inverter controller utilizing an eZdsp F23335 board. Energies 9: 1-12. IF 2.072.

7. Anila Gopalakrishnan, Narayanan N. Binitha, Zahira Yaakob, P. Mohammed AkbarSilija Padikkaparambil. 2016. Excellent photocatalytic activity of titania graphene nanocomposites prepared by a facile route. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 80: 189-200. IF 1.532.

8. Azam Zavvari,Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Radial Anwar, Zamri Zainal Abidin,Mhd Fairos Asillam, Christian Monstein. 2016. Analysis of radio astronomy bands using CALLISTO spectrometer at Malaysia-UKM station. Experimental Radioastronomy 41: 185-195. IF 1.99.

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9. Bushra Rashid, Zulkiflle Leman, Mohammad Jawaid, Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali and Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak. 2016. The mechanical performance of sugar palm fibres (Ijuk) reinforced phenolic composites. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 17: 1001-1008. IF 1.205.

10. D. Ragurajan, M. Satgunam, M. Golieskardi, A.K. Ariffin and M.J. Ghazali. 2016. Effect of air sintering on microstructural and mechanical properties of aluminum oxide/manganese oxide doped Y- TZP. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society 52: 128-133. IF 0.658.

11. Ghazaleh Allaedini, Siti Masrinda Tasirin, Payam Aminayi. 2016. Yield optimization of nanocarbons prepared via chemical vapor decomposition of carbon dioxide using response surface methodology.

Diamond and Related Materials 66: 196-205. IF 1.919.

12. Ghazaleh Alledini, Payam Aminayi, Siti Masrinda Tasirin. 2016. Methane Decomposition for Carbon nanotube production: Optimization of the reactionparameter using response surface methodology.

Chemical Engineering Research and Design 112: 163-174. IF 2.348.

13. Hashem Salarzadeh Jenatabadi, Peyman Babashamsi, and Nur Izzi Md Yusoff. 2016. The combination of a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and the Taguchi method to evaluate the Malaysian users willingness to pay for public transportation. Symmetry 8: 1-17. IF 0.826.

14. Islam A.K.M.A., Anuar N., Yaakob Z., Osman M. 2016. Genetic diversity among candidate plus plants (CPPs) in Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 53: 585-592. IF 1.049.

15. Izzati Izni Yusoff, Rosiah Rohani, Abdul Wahab Mohammad. 2016. Investigation of the formation characteristics of polyaniline and its application in forming free-standing pressure filtration membranes. Journal of Polymer Research 23: 1-13. IF 1.92.

16. Izzati Nadia Mohamad, Rosiah Rohani, Mohd. Shahbudin Mastar@Masdar, Mohd Tusirin Mohd Nor, Jamaliah Md. Jahim. 2016. Permeation properties of polymeric membranes for biohydrogen purification. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 4474-4488. IF 3.313.

17. J.A. Wahab, M.J. Ghazali, W.M.W. Yusoff and Z. Sajuri. 2016. Enhancing material performance through laser surface texturing: A review. Transactions of the IMF 94: 193-198. IF 0.852.

18. Jaharah A. Ghani and Che Hassan Che Haron, Mohd Shahir Kasim and Mohd Amri Sulaiman, Siti Haryani Tomadi. 2016. Wear mechanism of coated and uncoated carbide cutting tool in machining process. Journal of Material Research 31: 1873-1879. IF 1.647.

19. JS Ojo, AT Adediji, JS Mandeep, M ismail. 2016. Variation of slant path Ka/V band rain attenuation over seven tropical locations in Nigeria using synthetic storm techniques. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 124: 487-496. IF 2.015.

20. Khalida F. Al Azawi, Shaimaa B. Al Baghdadi, Ayad Z. Mohamed, Ahmed A. Al Amiery, Talib K. Abed, Salam A. Mohammed, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum and Abu Bakar Mohamad. 2016. Synthesis, inhibition effects and quantum chemical studies of a novel coumarin derivative on the corrosion of mild steel in a hydrochloric acid solution. Chemistry Central Journal 10: 1-9. IF 2.187.

21. Leong J.X., Diño W.A., Ahmad A., Daud W.R.W., Kasai H. 2016. Morphology effect on proton dynamics in Nafion® 117 and sulfonated polyether ether ketone. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 85 (9): 1-6. IF 1.585.

22. M. Habib Ullah, M.J. Uddin, T.A. Latef, W.N.L. Mahadi, M.T. Islam, M.R. Ahsan, K. Kamardin. 2016. ZIM cover for improvement of the bandwidth and gain of patch antenna. Current Applied Physics 16: 837842. IF 2.212.

23. M.I. Hossain, M.R.I. Faruque, M.T. Islam & M.T. Ali. 2016. Design and analysis of coupled-resonator reconfigurable antenna. Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing 122: 1-4. IF 1.704.

24. MR. Ahsan, M.T. Islam, M. Habib Ullah, R.W. Aldhaheri, M.M. Sheikh. 2016. A new design approach for dual-band patch antenna serving Ku/K band satellite communications. International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking 34: 759-769. IF 0.744.

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85 25. M.S. Kasim, C.H. Che Haron, J.A. Ghani, M.A. Hadi, R. Izamshah, T.J.S. Anand & S.B. Mohamed. 2016.

Cost evaluation on performance of a PVD coated cutting tool during end-milling of Inconel 718 under MQL conditions. Transactions of the IMF 94: 175-181. IF 0.852.

26. M. Safa, M. Shariati, Z. Ibrahim, A. Toghroli, S.B. Baharom, N.M. Nor and D. Petkovic. 2016. Potential of adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system for evaluating the factors affecting steel-concrete composite beams shear strength. Steel and Composite Structures 21: 679-688. IF 0.964.

27. M.S. Salleh, M.Z. Omar, K.S. Alhawari, M.N. Mohammed, M.A. Mad Ali, E. Mohamad. 2016.

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of thixoformed A319 alloys containing variable amounts of magnesium. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 26: 2029-2042. IF 1.178.

28. Majid Niaz Akhtar, Abu Bakar Sulong, Muhammad Azhar Khan, Mukhtar Ahmad, Ghulam Murtaza, M.R. Raza, R. Raza, M. Saleem, M. Kashiff. 2016. Structural and magnetic properties of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and yttrium aluminum iron garnet (YAIG) nanoferrites prepared by microemulsion method. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 401: 425-431. IF 1.97.

29. Majid Niaz Akhtar, Abu Bakar Sulong, Saniah Ab Karim, Che Husna Azhari, MR Raza. 2016. Evaluation of thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of PMMA/NaCl/DMF electrospun nanofibers: an investigation through surface methodology approach. Iranian Polymer Journal 24: 1025-1038. IF 1.806.

30. Majid Niaz Akhtara, Abu Bakar Sulong, M.K. Fadzly Radzi, N.F. Ismail, M.R. Razab, Norhamidi Muhamad, Muhammad Azhar Khan. 2016. Influence of alkaline treatment and fiber loading on the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/polypropylene composites for variety of applications. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 26: 657-664. IF 1.873.

31. Maytham S. Ahmed, AzahMohamed, Raad Z. Homod, Hussain Shareef. 2016. Hybrid LSA-ANN based home energy management scheduling controller for residential demand response strategy. Energies 9: 1-10. IF 2.077.

32. Mohadeseh Seyednezhad, Armin Rajabi, Andanastuti Muchtar, Mahendra Rao Somalu. 2016.

Nanostructured and nonsymmetrical NiOSDC SDC composite anode performance via a microwave assisted route for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Materials and Manufacturing Processes 31: 1301-1305. IF 1.629.

33. Mohd Fadzli Bin Abdollah, Noritsugu Umehara, Mariyam Jameelah Binti Ghazali and Mohamed El Mansori. 2016. Introduction-advances and challenges in carbon-based tribomaterials. Journal of Materials Research 31 (1). IF 1.647.

34. Mohd Isa Jaffar, Wan Hamidon Wan Badaruzzaman, Shahrizan Baharom. 2016. Experimental tests on bending behavior of profiled steel sheeting dry board composite floor with geopolymer concrete infill.

Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 13: 272-295. IF 1.272.

35. Mohd Syafiq Zulfakar, Huda Abdullah, Wan Nasarudin Wan Jalal, Mohammad Tariqul Islam. 2016.

Effect on structural, optical and dielectric properties of mixed (1-x)ZnFe2O4-xSiO(2) as microwave dielectric ceramic material. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 77: 218-227. IF 1.532.

36. Muhammad Afif Ariffin, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, Ramizi Mohamed, Mohd Tusirin Mohd Nor. 2016. Performance of oil palm kernel shell gasification using a medium-scale downdraft gasifier.

International Journal of Green Energy 13: 513-520. IF 1.215.

37. Muhammad Rafi Raza, Faiz Ahmad, Norhamidi Muhamad, Abu Bakar Sulong, M.A. Omar,Majid Niaz Akhtar, Muhammad Aslam. 2016. Effects of solid loading and cooling rate on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of powder injection molded 316 L stainless steel. Powder Technology 289: 135-142. IF 2.349.

38. Musfirah Abdul Hadi, Jaharah A. Ghani, Che Hassan Che Haron and Mohd. Shahir Kasim. 2016. Effect of cutting speed on the carbide cutting tool in milling Inconel 718 alloy. Journal of Materials Research 31: 1885-1892. IF 1.647.

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39. Nadya Hussin Al-Sbani, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Mushrifah Idris, Hassimi Abu Hasan, Omar Hamed Jehawi & Nur Izzati Ismail. 2016. Sub-surface flow system for PAHs removal in water using Lepironia articulate under greenhouse conditions. Ecological Engineering 87:1-8. IF 2.58.

40. Nani Fadzlina Naim, A. Ashrif A. Bakar, Mohammad Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman. 2016. Real-time monitoring in passive optical access networks using L-band ASE and varied bandwidth and reflectivity of fiber Bragg gratings. Optics & Laser Technology 79: 45-51. IF 1.647.

41. Nor Khairusshima Muhamad Khairussaleh, Che Hassan Che Haron and Jaharah A. Ghani. 2016. Study on wear mechanism of solid carbide cutting tool in milling CFRP. Journal of Material Research 31: 1883-1889. IF 1.647.

42. Nur Syakina Jamali, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak. 2016. Biofilm formation on granular activated carbon in xylose and glucose mixture for thermophilic biohydrogen production.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 21617-21627. IF 3.205.

43. Ping Chuan Siow, Jaharah Abdul Ghani, Che Hassan Che Haron, Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali and Talib Ria Jaafar. 2016. Effect of carbon content in TiCxN1x coating on the adhesivity of carbide cutting tools and machining performance. Journal of Material Research 31: 1880-1884. IF 1.647.

44. Rafique M.Z., Ab Rahman M.N., Saibani N., Arsad N., Saadat W. 2016. RFID impacts on barriers affecting lean manufacturing. Industrial Management and Data Systems 116: 1585-1616. IF 1.226.

45. Rahman A., Abdullah H., Zulfakar M.S., Singh M.J., Islam M.T. 2016. Microwave dielectric properties of MnxZn(1-x)Fe2O4 ceramics and their compatibility with patch antenna. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 77: 470-479. IF 1.532.

46. S.A. Shahahmadi, A. Aizan Zulkefle, A.K.M. Hasan, S.M. Rana, B. Bais, M. Akhtaruzzaman, A.R.M. Alamoud, N. Amin. 2016. Ge-rich SiGe thin film deposition by co-sputtering in in-situ and ex-situ solid phase crystallization for photovoltaic applications. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 56: 160-165. IF 1.955.

47. Sadik Kamel Gharghan, Rosdiadee Nordin, Mahamod Ismail and Jamal Abd Ali. 2016. Accurate wireless sensor localization technique based on hybrid PSO-ANN algorithm for indoor and outdoor track cycling. IEEE Sensors Journal 16: 529-541. IF 1.762.

48. Salmi Nur Ain Sanusi, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Hassimi Abu Hassan, Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah & Mushrifah Idris. 2016. Comparative Process optimization of pilot scale total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation by Paspalum scrobiculatum L. Hack using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network. Ecological Engineering 97: 524-534. IF 2.58.

49. Shabana P.S. Shaikh, Mahendra R. Somalu, Andanastuti Muchtar. 2016. Nanostructured Cu-CGO anodes fabricated using a microwave-assisted glycine-nitrate process. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 98: 91-99. IF 1.853.

50. Subramaniam Sohila, Ramesh Rajendran, Zahira Yaakob, Mohd Asri Mat Teridi, Kamaruzzaman Sopian. 2016. Photoelectrochemical water splitting performance of flower like ZnO nanostructures synthesized by a novel chemical method. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 27: 2846-2851. IF 1.569.

51. Touhidul Alam, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque & Mohammad Tariqul Islam. 2016. Specific absorption rate analysis of broadband mobile antenna with negative index metamaterial. Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing 122: 1-6. IF 1.704.

52. W Mimi Diyana W Zaki, M Asyraf Zulkifley, Aini Hussain, W Haslina WA Halim, N Badariah A Mustafa, Lim Sin Ting. 2016. Diabetic retinopathy assessment: Towards an automated system. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 24: 72-82. IF 1.419.

53. Wayan Suparta, Jaafar Adnan and Mohd. Alauddin Mohd. Ali. 2016. Dynamical features of GPS PWV variation associated with lightning activity. International Journal of Remote Sensing 37: 1376-1390. IF 1.652.

54. Y. S. Kong, S. Abdullah, M. Z. Omar & S. M. Haris. 2016. Failure assessment of a leaf spring eye design under various load cases. Engineering Failure Analysis 63: 146-159. IF 1.028.

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

87 55. Yasameen K. Al Majedy, Dunya L. Al Duhaidahawi, Khalida F. Al Azawi, Ahmed A. Al Amiery, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum and Abu Bakar Mohamad. 2016. Coumarins as potential antioxidant agents complemented with suggested mechanisms and approved by molecular modeling studies. Molecules 15: 1-11. IF 2.416.

56. Yaseen Z.M., El-ShaďŹ e A., Afan H.A., Hameed M., Mohtar W.H.M.W., Hussain A. 2016. RBFNN versus FFNN for daily river ďŹ&#x201A;ow forecasting at Johor River, Malaysia. Neural Computing and Applications 27: 1533-1542. IF 1.569.

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88

HIGH IMPACT JOURNAL 2016

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RESEARCH AWARDS 2016

RESEARCH AWARD 2016

RESEARCH AWARDS 2016

RESEARCHERS

RESEARCHERS

RESEARCHERS

PERTANDINGAN REKACIPTA DAN INOVASI INSTITUSI PENGAJIAN TINGGI SWASTA (PERINTIS 2016), 16TH NOVEMBER, 2016, DEWAN SERI SARJANA, UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL, KAMPUS PUTRAJAYA

Prof. Dr. Azah Mohamed Prof. Dr. MA Hannan M.M. Hoque M.S. Hossain Lipu

Prof. Dr. Azah Mohamed Prof. Dr. MA Hannan Jamal bin Abd Ali M.M. Hoque

RESEARCH PROJECT/TITLE

CATEGORY

Optimal Charge Equalization Controller for Lithium-ion Battery in Electric Vehicle Applications

Category D: Advance Materials/Machinery/ Metal

AWARD

1

Gold

RESEARCH PROJECT/TITLE

CATEGORY Category D: Advance Materials/Machinery / Metal

AWARD

Optimal Fuzzy Speed Controller for Induction Motor Drive Using Heuristic Optimization Technique

RESEARCH PROJECT/TITLE

CATEGORY

Prof. Dr. Mohd Zaidi Omar Dr. Mohammed N. Abdulrazaq

2

Gold

New Developed Technique Welding Dissimilar Steels

Category D: Advance Materials/Machinery/ Metal

AWARD

3

Gold

INVENTION, INNOVATION AND DESIGN EXPOSITION (IIDEX2016), 20 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 23RD SEPTEMBER 2016, DEWAN AGUNG TUANKU CANSELOR (DATC), UITM SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR

RESEARCHERS

90

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adi Irfan Bin Che Ani Mohd Firdaus Abdullah Adi Izhar Bin Che Ani

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

CATEGORY

RESEARCH PROJECT/TITLE

INVENTOR : Innovation

A New Water Level Woreless System To Monitor Water Ponding For Flat Roof Building

AWARD Gold

1

91

INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING INVENTION INNOVATION EXHIBITION I-ENVEX 2016, 8-10 APRIL 2016, UNIMAP PAUH PUTRA MAIN CAMPUS, PERLIS

RESEARCHERS

RESEARCHERS

NO

Dr. Muhammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque Prof. Dr. Mohammad Tariqul Islam Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mandeep Singh Prof. Dr. Mardina Abdullah

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Tariqul Islam Dr. Muhammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque Sikder Sunbeam Islam Prof. Dr. Norbahiah Misran

RESEARCH PROJECT/TITLE

CATEGORY

A New DNG Metamaterial Design for SpeciямБc Absorption Rate Reduction in Human Head

i-ENVEX Best Award (I.C.T, Multimedia, Telecommunications, Electricity & Electronic)

1

AWARD Gold

RESEARCH PROJECT/TITLE

CATEGORY

i-ENVEX Best Award (I.C.T, Multimedia, Telecommunications, Electricity & Electronic)

A NZRI Metamaterial-Based Invisibility Cloak

AWARD Silver

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

2

92

RESEARCH AWARD 2016

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

SUCCESS & RECOGNITION 2016

SUCCESS & RECOGNITION 2016

94

SUCCESS & RECOGNITION 2016 INTERNATIONAL NO 1.

2.

3.

NAME Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Abdul Wahab Mohammad Prof. Dato’ Dr. Kamaruzzaman Sopian Prof. Ir. Dr. Siti Kartom Kamarudin

ACHIEVEMENT International Collaboration Awards for Research Professors Special Award Community Involvement and Renewable Energy Highly Cited Researcher (Field of Engineering)

PROGRAMME/ORGANISING COMMITTEE Royal Society Award 2016, The Royal Society, UK World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC), Bahrain Thomson Reuters

NATIONAL NO 1.

2.

3.

4.

NAME Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Wan Ramli Wan Daud Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Wan Ramli Wan Daud Prof. Ir. Dr. Siti Kartom Kamarudin Prof. Ir. Dr. Zahira Yaakob Prof. Dr. Azah Mohamed Mr. Mohamad Hanif Md Saad

5.

Dr. Mohd Fairuz Shahidan Mohd Khairul Azhar Mat Sulaiman

6.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adi Irfan Che Ani

ACHIEVEMENT

PROGRAMME/ORGANISING COMMITTEE

Outstanding Scholastic Achievement

The Merdeka Award, Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE)

Clarivate Analytics Awards - Highest Publishing Citation

Malaysia’s Rising Star Award (MRSA), MOHE

Elsevier Award – Women Malaysia’s Rising Star Award (MRSA), in Science MOHE New Innovator Entrepreneur Award CAISER Honour Award Landscape Research Award Impact of Tree Canopy Shading Effect on Building Energy Saving Malaysian Building Surveyors Award

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

Malaysia Commercialisation Year (MCY2016), MOF, MOSTI Malaysia Landscape Architecture Awards, Institute of Landscape Architecture Malaysia (ILAM), International Federation of Landscape Architecture (IFLA)

Malaysian Building Surveyors Gala Award Dinner, Royal Institution of Surveyors Malaysia

95 7.

Dr. Sudharshan Anugerah Best Paper Naidu N. Raman Award Assoc. Prof. Dr. Roszilah Hamid Prof. Dr. Muhammad Fauzi Mohd Zain Jacob L.G. Lim Dr. Lai Fook Chuan

13th International Conference on Concrete Engineering and Technology

8.

The ITC 2015 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mariyam Jameelah Excellent Paper Award Ghazali Prof. Dr. Che Husna Azhari (2 orang pelajar PhD)

Japanese Society of Tribologists (JAST), 24th May 2016

UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA NO

NAME

ACHIEVEMENT

1.

Dr. Kamarul AďŹ zi Kosman

2.

Ms. Farizah Ansarudin Dr. Mohd Radzi Abu Mansor

Kategori: Kaedah dan Bahan Bantu Mengajar RM1000 Kategori: Pengukuran dan Penilaian RM500 Gold The Implementation of CDIO Concept in Shell Eco-marathon Competition in Nurturing Future Engineers Gold PKSUKM Inovasi Penyelidikan Pendidikan dan Keusahawanan Silver Strategi Pembangunan Modul Chem E Car di Peringkat Sekolah (KEMIa) Silver Assessments in OpenEnded Concrete Laboratory Works

3.

4.

Ms. Shahrom Md Zain

5.

Dr. Mohd Shahbudin Mastar @ Masdar

6.

Dr. Shahrizan Baharom

PROGRAMME/ORGANISING COMMITTEE Pitching Competition, K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM Pitching Competition, K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

SUCCESS & RECOGNITION 2016

96 7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

Ms. Shahrom Md Zain

Silver iG–HOME Model Pendidikan STEM Inovasi Rumah Lestari Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Silver Norhana Arsad Pembangunan Sistem Penyeliaan Inovatif e-Mentor Mentee di JKEES Dr. Mohd Silver Shahbudin Mastar Projek Reka Bentuk @ Masdar Loji Proses : Inovasi Penambahbaikan Dr. Shuhaida Harun Silver Generic Skill Assessment in Open Ended Laboratory Assignment in Department Of Chemical and Process Engineering, FKAB UKM Mr. Mohd Khairul Silver Azhar Mat Students’ Understanding Sulaiman on Anthropometry and Ergonomic in Shelter Designexecutive Via Active Learning Interventions Assoc. Prof. Dr. Silver Noorhisham Tan Integrating Workplace Kofli Communication in Engineering Integrated Project (IP) as Way to Enhance English Proficiency Ms. Haliza Othman Silver Keberkesanan Pembelajaran Kendiri Pelajar Dalam Aktiviti Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah Bagi KursusKursus Matematik Kejuruteraan: Pendekatan Model Pengukuran Rasch

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

97 14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Nasharuddin Bin Zainal

Silver i-Robot : Memupuk minat pelajar terhadap sains dan matematik Assoc. Prof. Dr. Silver Hafizah Husain Strategi Pembelajaran Pengaturcaraan Untuk Mendidik Kanak-Kanak Berfikir Dr. Azrul A.Mutalib Silver SIPINTAR – Instrumen Melahirkan Penyelidik Pintar Dr. Azrul A.Mutalib Bronze M&M : An Effective Mentoring System Sr. Dr. Suhana Johar Bronze Persepsi Pelajar Jabatan Senibina Sebelum dan Selepas Latihan Industri Bagi Sesi 2014/2015 Dr. Nizaroyani Bronze Saibani Penjanaan Kreativiti di Kalangan Pelajar Tahun 1 Pra-Siswazah Menggunakan Tugasan Melalui Penghasilan Risalah dan Video Lakonan Dr. Noorhelyna Bronze Razali Individual Vs Team Work In Learning Engineering Mathematic Course Dr. Rosiah Rohani Bronze Market Survey for the Requirement of the Chemical & Biochemical Engineers In Industries Way to Strengthen the Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Undergraduates Curriculum

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

SUCCESS & RECOGNITION 2016

98 22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

Dr. Wan Hanna Bronze Melini Wan Mohtar Gejala Plagiat: Adakah Persepsi Pelajar dan Pensyarah Sejajar?

Dr. Wan Nor Bronze Roslam Wan Isahak Kualiti Ceramah Industri di Jabatan Kejuruteraan Kimia dan Proses dari Perspektif Pelajar Dr. Mohammad Bronze Rasidi Rasani Analisis Prestasi Matrikulasi dan Universiti Pelajar Sarjana Muda Kejuruteraan Mekanik Dr. Nik Lukman Nik Bronze Ibrahim Pembentukan Kurikulum Senibina UKM Berteraskan Senibina Identiti Kebangsaan Dr. Siti Fatin Mohd Bronze Razali Pengesanan Plagiat Dalam Tugasan Autocad Pelajar Tahun Satu Ir. Dr. Zambri Bin Bronze Harun Analysis of STEM General Knowledge Among Engineering Students in Selected Public Universities In Malaysia Ms. Nuryazmin Bronze Ahmat Zainuri Indeks Kesukaran Bagi Kertas Peperiksaan Akhir Kursus Matematik Kejuruteraan di Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina, UKM: Kursus Kalkulus Vektor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bronze Nurina Anuar Aplikasi Turnitin (Bahasa Melayu) dalam Perlaksanaan Projek Ilmiah

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

99 30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. ZulkiďŹ&#x201A;i Mohd Nopiah

Bronze Applying Rasch Measurement Model For First Year Engineering Student Performance in VC Dr. Firdaus Mohd Bronze Hamzah Kesan Pra-Ujian Terhadap Pencapaian Pelajar di dalam Kursus Persamaan Pembeza di Fakulti Kejuruteraan Alam Bina UKM Ir. Dr. Zambri Harun Bronze The Development of a CNG Vwhicle for the Shell Eco Marathon Asia (SEMA) 2016 based on STEM Dr. Mohammad Bronze Rasidi Rasani Analisis Perbandingan Antara Penilaian Penyelia dan Pemeriksa Untuk Projek Tahun Akhir Pelajar Sarjana Muda Kejuruteraan Mekanik Dr. Norinah Abd Bronze Rahman, Visual-AuditoryKinesthetic: Teaching Styles and Learning Styles Dr. Nur Hidayatul Bronze Nazirah Binti Pengenalan Kepada Kamarudin Elemen Kejuruteraan Biokimia, Kelestarian Teknologi Proses dan Kejuruteraan Tenaga dalam Memperkasakan Kepakaran Sarjana Kejuruteraan Kimia Dr. Suraya Sharil Bronze The Task Based Learning Approach in Earthwork Design for the Integrated Design Project

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

SUCCESS & RECOGNITION 2016

100 37.

Dr. Wan Fathul Hakim W. Zamri

38.

Dr. Mohd Farid Mohamed

39.

Dr. Nor Haslina Jaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;afar

40.

Dr. Sallehuddin Mohd. Haris

41.

Dr. Norliza Abd. Rahman

42.

Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Norhana Arsad

43.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Noorhisham Tan KoďŹ&#x201A;i

44.

Prof. Ir. Dr. Siti Kartom Kamarudin

Bronze Pemantapan Analisis Komputeran dan Penghasilan Video Pendek Dalam Projek Reka Bentuk Ke Arah Penyediaan Jurutera Kompetan Bronze Design Studio Approach for the Final Semester of Bachelor of Architectural Science in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Bronze Pemahaman Terhadap Kaedah Penterjemahan Unsur Alam dalam Penghasilan Rekabentuk Potret Diri Bronze Pakej Simbolik Pendidikan Fizik (i-phys) Berasaskan Konsep Pedagogi Sistem Algebra Komputer Bronze Aplikasi Penilaian Bersama Bagi Kursus Kejuruteraan Sistem Proses Bronze I-Tauhid Menggunakan Pendekatan Video Interaktif Bronze Multinational & Multidisciplinary Design Projects for Innovation & Creativity Enhancement Amongst Engineering Students Winners Kategori Bitara Sarjana (Individu)

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Poster Competition K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM

Anugerah Bitara 2016, UKM

101 45.

Assoc. Prof. Ir.Dr. Abu Bakar Sulong

46.

Sr. Dr. Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud Unit Pembangunan, FKAB Prof. Datoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Ir. Dr. Riza Atiq Abdullah Mr. Mohamad Hanif Md Saad Prof. Dr. Aini Hussain

47.

48.

49.

Winners Kategori Bitara Sarjana (Harapan Winners Kategori Bitara Sarjana (PTJ/Kump) Pemenang Saguhati Kategori Rekayasa Prasarana Winners Kategori Buku Winners Kategori Pengkomersilan Produk

Anugerah Bitara 2016, UKM

Anugerah Bitara 2016, UKM

Anugerah Bitara 2016, UKM

Anugerah Bitara 2016, UKM Anugerah Bitara 2016, UKM

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

102

SUCCESS & RECOGNITION 2016

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

RESEARCH PROJECT 2016

RESEARCH PROJECT 2016

104

RESEARCH PROJECTS 2016 SCIENCE FUND

FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION (MOSTI)

NO 1.

2.

3.

4.

RESEARCHER DR. MOHAMAD HANIF BIN MD SAAD

DR. AHMAD ASHRIF BIN A BAKAR

PROF. DR. SITI AMINAH BT. OSMAN

IR. DR. ZAMBRI BIN HARUN

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM)

01-01-02-SF1386

185,400.00

Design and Implementation of a Parallelized Complex Event Processing Platform for Internet of Things Application 03-01-02-SF1317

271,000.00

Development of Smart Microsurgical Device in Retinal Microsurgery Based on Optical Tactile Sensing Technique 04-01-02-SF1298

186,600.00

Near Surface Mounted (NSM) Techniques for Seismic RetroямБtting and Strengthening of Exterior Reinforced Concrete Beam-column Joint Using Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) 06-01-02-SF1326

149,000.00

The Optimized Plate Type Floor Splitter Design to Reduce Vortices in Water Pump Intake

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

105

Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA

NO 1.

RESEARCHER DR. WAN MIMI DIYANA BINTI WAN ZAKI

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE FRGS/1/2016/ICT01/UKM/02/4

92,900.00

A Novel Computer Assisted Ocular Disease Screening Framework for Anterior Segment Photographed Image (ASPI)

2.

DR. MOHAMAD HANIF BIN FRGS/1/2016/ICT02/UKM/02/7 MD SAAD Similarity Search Based Event Detection Rule and Template Generation via the Use of Entropy and Information Gain Approach

3.

DR. FIRDAUS MOHAMAD HAMZAH

FRGS/1/2016/STG06/UKM/02/1

DR. NUR HIDAYATUL NAZIRAH KAMARUDIN

FRGS/1/2016/STG07/UKM/03/1

4.

5.

6.

7.

DR. SHUHAIDA HARUN

PROF. IR. DR. JAHARAH A GHANI

IR. DR. ZAMBRI HARUN

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM)

67,000.00

81,700.00

An Integrated Statistical Data-Driven Analysis For Flood Frequency, Discharge and Water Stage.

76,000.00

Synthesis and Functionalization of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with poly(2vinylpyridine) for a Stimuli-Responsive Drug Carrier FRGS/1/2016/TK02/UKM/02/4

114,000.00

Role of Ammonia and Pretreatment Conditioning Processes on Inhibitor Production: Inhibitory Eï¬&#x20AC;ect and Tolerance in Downstream Processes FRGS/1/2016/TK03/UKM/01/1

91,500.00

Characterization of Subsurface Microstructure in Cryogenic Machining of Alloy Steel for Automotive Industry FRGS/1/2016/TK03/UKM/02/1

120,000.00

The Development of Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategies 8.

DR. INTAN FADHLINA MOHAMED

FRGS/1/2016/TK03/UKM/02/4

102,000.00

Giant Straining of Highly Commercial Aluminum Alloys via High-pressure Torsion Process for Vehicle Applications

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

RESEARCH PROJECT 2016

106 9.

ASSOC. PROF. DR. MOHD. ZAKI BIN NUAWI

10. PROF. IR. DR. SALINA ABDUL SAMAD

FRGS/1/2016/TK03/UKM/02/5

77,000.00

Enhancing the Material Properties Characteristics Study by Monitoring the Mechanical Structure Based on Nonconventional Modal Analysis FRGS/1/2016/TK04/UKM/01/1

93,000.00

Designing Optimal Advanced Correlation Filters for Spectrogram and Scalogram Processing

11. ASSOC. PROF. DR. KALAIVANI A/P CHELLAPPAN

FRGS/1/2016/TK04/UKM/02/1

12. DR. GAN KOK BENG

FRGS/1/2016/TK04/UKM/02/5

60,500.00

Multi-scale Computational Model of ThreeDimensional Hemodynamics of Upper Limb Arterial System for Atrial Fibrillation Modeling 117,300.00

Upper Extremity Personalized Biomechanical Model for Stroke Survivors Using Wearable Sensors 13. DR. NORHANA ARSAD

FRGS/1/2016/TK04/UKM/02/7

96,200.00

Investigation of Highly Sensitive Chemical Material for OSCC Biomaker Application 14. ASSOC. PROF. DR. ROSZILAH HAMID

15.

SHAHROM MD ZAIN

FRGS/1/2016/TK06/UKM/02/2 Mechanical Properties and Durability of Chemically Treated Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Cement Composite (KFRCC) Incorporating Water Treatment Sludge FRGS/1/2016/TK07/UKM/02/3 Electricity Generation from an Integrated Activated Sludge Treatment Process and Microbial Fuel Cell Using Exoelectrogens Mixed Bacteria

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

94,000.00

103,000.00

107

Prototype Development Research Grant Scheme (PRGS) FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA

NO 1.

RESEARCHER PROF. DR. NOWSHAD AMIN

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM)

PRGS/1/2016/TK04/UKM/01/1

76,000.00

Pre-commercial Prototype Development of Data Acquisition System for Standalone Photovoltaic Systems with Enhanced Functionalities

Transdisciplinary Research Grant Scheme (TRGS) FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA

NO 1.

RESEARCHER PROF. DR. OTHMAN JAAFAR

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM)

TRGS/1/2015/UKM/02/5/1

207,800.00

Physical Impacts of Sea Level Rise Due to the Changes in Coastal and Climate System

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

RESEARCH PROJECT 2016

108

DANA IMPAK PERDANA (Research University Grant) FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA

NO 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

RESEARCHER PROF. DR. AINI HUSSAIN

PROF. DR. NORBAHIAH BINTI MISRAN PROF. DR. AMIRUDDIN ISMAIL ASSOC. PROF. DR. BADARIAH BAIS

PROF. DR. ANDANASTUTI MUCHTAR

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM)

DIP-2015-012

250,000.00

Intelligent Technologies In Interdisciplinary Research for Development of Smart Engineering Systems DIP-2015-014

200,000.00

Microwave Imaging Systems to Detect Unwanted Cells using High Gain UWB Antenna DIP-2015-019

150,000.00

Improvement the Sustainability of Asphaltic Pavement by Polymers and Nano-materials DIP-2015-021

250,000.00

Surface Modification with Nano-structures and Nano-scale Thin Film Coating for Enhanced Opto-electronic Conversion by Increased Activation Area DIP-2016-001

150,000.00

Development of Machinable Ceramics Blocks for Dental Crowns via Combined Colloidal Forming and Cold Isostatic Pressing ASSOC. PROF. DR. MASLINA DIP-2016-006 JAMIL Unique Characterization of Chemical and Filler Effect of Nano-Engineered Green Pozzolanic Materials For Eco-cementitious System PROF. DR. MOHD. ZAIDI DIP-2016-007 OMAR Mechanical Integrity and Machinability of Cast and Thixoformed Al-Si-Mg Novel Aluminium Alloys ASSOC. PROF. DR. SAWAL DIP-2016-008 HAMID MD ALI Automatic Eating Behaviour Monitoring System for Calorie Estimation PROF. DR. NORHAMIDI DIP-2016-009 MUHAMAD Magnetic – Non-magenetic Layered Bi-material through Co-Powder Injection Moulding (CoPIM)

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

150,000.00

100,000.00

150,000.00

100,000.00

109 10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

DR. WAN NOR ROSLAM WAN ISAHAK PROF. IR. DR. AHMAD KAMAL ARIFFIN BIN MOHD IHSAN PROF. DR. ABDUL AMIR H. KADHUM ASSOC. PROF. DR. HUDA ABDULLAH

DR. HASSIMI ABU HASAN

PROF. DATO’ IR. DR. ABDUL WAHAB MOHAMMAD

DIP-2016-010

150,000.00

Hydrogen Storage into Chemicals and Fuels by Catalytic Method DIP-2016-011

100,000.00

Reliability Formulation of Fatigue Life Assessment for Powder-bed Laser-fused Materials DIP-2016-020

150,000.00

CO2 Conversion on Nano-graphene DIP-2016-021

100,000.00

Fabrication of PANI Doped with Metal Alloys (Fe, Al, Ni,Mn,Co,Pd, Pt) Based Electrochemical Biosensor Irradiated with Gamma Ray for Leptospira Detection Application DIP-2016-030

150,000.00

Development of Real-time Process Control for Simultaneous Removal of Ammonia and Manganese in Drinking Water Treatment Through Biosand Filtration Technology DIP-2016-031

150,000.00

Palm Oil Mill Biogas Reactor Effluent Concentration for Production of Organic Fertilizer and Water Reclamation using an Integrated Forward Osmosis Membrane Process

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

RESEARCH PROJECT 2016

110

GERAN GALAKAN PENYELIDIKAN –INDUSTRI (Research University Grant) FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA

NO 1.

RESEARCHER

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE

DR. SITI FATIN MOHD RAZALI

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM)

GGPI-2016-001

21,000.00

Low Flow Characteristics for Rivers in Selangor State Region

GERAN GALAKAN PENYELIDIKAN –KOMUNITI (Research University Grant) FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCAT ION MALAYSIA

NO

RESEARCHER

1.

DR. KAMARUL AFIZI KOSMAN

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM)

GGPK-2016-006

21,000.00

Pembangunan Identiti Senibina Kebangsaan Berdasarkan Bentuk Geometri Asas

GERAN GALAKAN PENYELIDIK MUDA (Research University Grant) FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA

NO

RESEARCHER

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE GGPM-2016-003

1.

DR. MOHD FAISAL IBRAHIM

2.

Evolutionary Computation Based Intelligent Task Scheduling for Multi-objective Multiconstraint Autonomous Robotic Exploration System (MOMCARES) DR. AQILAH BASERI HUDDIN GGPM-2016-007 Feature Extraction for Mammograms Using Deep Belief Network (DBN)

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM) 45,000.00

45,000.00

111 3.

DR. MOHD SHAIFUL SAJAB

GGPM-2016-025

45,000.00

Preparation of Bifunctional Graphene OxideFe(III) for Removal of Lignin and Phenolic Derivatives in Cyclic of Adsorption and Fenton-oxidation System 4.

DR. NOORHELYNA TI RAZALI

GGPM-2016-026

45,000.00

The Symmetrization of Lobatto IIIA Methods in Solving Stiff Ordinary Differential Problems in Engineering

5.

6.

7.

DR. NUR HIDAYATUL NAZIRAH KAMARUDIN

GGPM-2016-027

DR. INTAN FADHLINA MOHAMED

GGPM-2016-029

DR. TEOW YEIT HAAN

GGPM-2016-030

45,000.00

Tailorable and Functionalizable Porous-Silica Carbon Nanomaterials (PS-CN) for the AntiCancer Drugs Adsorption and Release 45,000.00

Extra Strengthening in Nanostructured AA2618 Alloy by High-Pressure Torsion and Post-aging Treatment 45,000.00

Fouling Behavior and Cleaning property of Different Commercial Membranes Applied for Tertiary Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

RESEARCH PROJECT 2016

112

GERAN SANJUNGAN PENYELIDIKAN (GSP) FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA

NO 1.

RESEARCHER PROF. IR. DR. SITI KARTOM KAMARUDIN

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM)

GSP/1/2015/TK01/UKM/01/1

317,800.00

Development of Low Carbon Power Pack for Portable Medical Equipment

GERAN UNIVERSITI PENYELIDIKAN (GUP) FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA

NO 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

RESEARCHER ASSOC. PROF. DR. MOHD ASYRAF ZULKIFLEY PROF. DR. T PRAKASH G. THAMBURAJA

DR. WAN MIMI DIYANA WAN ZAKI DR. NOR FADZILAH ABDULLAH PROF. DR. MOHD. SAHAID KALIL

DR. SHUHAIDA BINTI HARUN

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM)

GUP-2015-053

70,000.00

3S-Fisio: A Smart Physiotherapy System for Home-based Rehabilitation GUP-2015-054

50,000.00

The Intelligent Design of Microstructure in Polysilicon Thin Film Solar Cells via a Combined Theoretical-ComputationalExperimental Approach GUP-2016-003

124,000.00

Mobile Pterygium Screening System Based on Anterior Segment Photographed Images (ASPI) GUP-2016-005

147,565.00

Smart Campus: Roadmap Towards the Internet of Things GUP-2016-006

131,600.00

Biobutanol daripada Sisa Pertanian Melalui Fermentasi Aerobik Menggunakan Strain Aerotoleran Pencilan Tempatan Clostridium Acetobutylicum YM1 GUP-2016-007

149,800.00

Enhanced Hydrolysability Performance of Anhydrous Ammonia Pretreated Empty Fruit Bunch and Sago Bark Through Multivariate Optimization for Efficient Bioconversion: Effect of Particle Size and Glucan Loading

113 7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

GUP-2016-019

103,000.00

Kajian Pengoptimuman Sistem Pengangkutan Bas -Pendekatan Matematik dan Algoritma GUP-2016-020

140,200.00

Productivity Enhancement of a Stepped Solar Still for Green Seawater Desalination GUP-2016-040

150,000.00

DR. MASLI IRWAN ROSLI

Effect of Solid Retention Time and Organic Loading Rate in Upflow Anaerobic Digester for Enhanced Thermophilic Biohydrogen Production GUP-2016-041

149,500.00

PROF. DR. NOWSHAD AMIN

The Investigation of Fluid Behaviour Effects in High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell GUP-2016-042

113,200.00

Development of Earth-Aundant, High Stability and Non-toxic Cu2SnS3 (CTS) Thin Film Solar Cells for Hot Climatic Conditions GUP-2016-043

145,500.00

DR. MOHD FAIS MANSOR

Electrochemical Studies for the NanoCarbonaceous Materials in Electrocatalytic Activity of Ethanol Oxidation GUP-2016-050

100,000.00

KAMARULZAMAN MAT

Development of Multilayer Antenna Array Utilising Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) Fabrication Technology for 5G Indoor Base Station GUP-2016-051

90,000.00

DR. MUHAMAD NAZRI BORHAN PROF. DR. FATIHAH SUJA`

PROF. DR. JAMALIAH MD JAHIM

DR. MOHD SHAHBUDIN MASTAR @ MASDAR

ASSOC. PROF. IR. DR. MASTURAH MARKOM

DR. WAN NOR ROSLAM WAN ISAHAK

Development of a New Realistic Breast Phantom for Microwave Breast Cancer Detection GUP-2016-053

100,000.00

High Pressure Fractionation (HPF) Technique for Rapid Recovery of Standardized and Enriched Extracts from Orthosiphon Stameneus and Labisia Pumila GUP-2016-057

100,000.00

Pembangunan Bahan Hibrid Poliamina-Oksida Berpenyokong Karbon Kuantum Dot (CQDs) Sebagai Penjerap Gas Karbon Dioksida dari Udara

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

RESEARCH PROJECT 2016

114 17.

18.

DR. ROSIAH ROHANI

GUP-2016-086

PROF. DR. AZAMI ZAHARIM

Separation of Biohydrogen and CO2 from Biomass Fermentation Using A Hybrid Algae– membrane Contactor System for Zero Carbon Emission GUP-2016-088

130,000.00

90,000.00

Hybrid Tandem Heterojunction Graphenebased Dye-sensitized Solar Cell with Low Optical and Low Cost Fabrication

GERAN ARUS PERDANA (Research University Grant) FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA

NO 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

RESEARCHER PROF. DR. MUHAMMAD FAUZI MOHD. ZAIN

ASSOC. PROF. IR. DR. MANDEEP SINGH A/L JIT SINGH

PROF. DR DZURAIDAH ABD. WAHAB

ASSOC. PROF. DR. SITI AMINAH OSMAN

PROF. IR. DR. SITI ROZAIMAH SHEIKH ABDULLAH

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE AP-2015-002

250,000.00

Development of Sustainable Decorative Concrete For Structural Application Using Spherical CRT Waste Glass AP-2015-007

250,000.00

Development of Material Based MIMO Access Point Antenna Using New Adaptive Weight Based Algorithm for WLAN and WiMAX Applications AP-2015-008

100,000.00

A New Durability Analysis for Efficient Usage of Automotive Components in Multiple Life Cycles for Environmental Sustainability AP-2015-011

300,000.00

Development of Affordable and Innovative Earthquake Resistance (AIER) System for Lowrise Residential Buildings AP-2015-013

250,000.00

Pembangunan Teknologi Fitoremediasi Dalam Merawat Air Sisa Industri ke Arah Kelestarian Industri dan Komuniti Setempat ASSOC. PROF. DR. ROSZILAH AP-2015-015 HAMID Inisiatif CDIO dalam Memperkasakan Pendidikan Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina ASSOC. PROF. DR. AP-2015-016 ZAINUDDIN SAJURI Development of Light Weight Materials for Ballistic Applications in Tropical Climates INNOVATE VOLUME 10

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM)

200,000.00

200,000.00

115

TOPDOWN RESEARCH GRANT (Research University Grant) FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA

NO 1.

2.

3.

RESEARCHER

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE

DR. SUDHARSHAN NAIDU A/L RAMAN

SHAHROM MD ZAIN

PROF. DR. MUHAMMAD FAUZI MOHD. ZAIN

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM)

TD-2016-008

36,000.00

An Engineering Performance Based Building Information Modeling (ep-BIM) System for Efficient Monitoring, Management and Maintenance of UKM Facilities and Infrastructures TD-2016-013

40,000.00

Pengkomposan Sisa Makanan dan Sisa Taman UKM Kaedah Timbunan Berbalik Mikroorganisma Efektif TD-2016-019

70,000.00

MYREN TV for Sustainable Knowledge Enhancement and Disbursement

GERAN MAKMAL ALAMI FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA

NO

RESEARCHER

1.

PROF. IR. DR. ZAHIRA YAAKOB

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM)

LIV-2015-04

100,000.00

Effect of Nutrients, Water and Biopesticides of 15 Cultivars of Ficus Carica on Phenolic Compounds Content in Control Green House

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

RESEARCH PROJECT 2016

116

EXTERNAL RESEARCH GRANT

NO

RESEARCHER

RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE

1. PROF. DATO’ IR. DR. ABDUL WAHAB MOHAMMAD

KK-2016-001

2. DR. NOR FADZILAH ABDULLAH

KK-2016-004

3. PROF. DR. MOHAMMAD TARIQUL ISLAM 4. ASSOC. PROF. DR. KALAIVANI A/P CHELLAPPAN

R&D Project Study Proposal for the Development of an Effective and Economic Disinfection Technology

AGENCY

AMOUNT APPROVED (RM)

Indah Water Konsortium Sdn. Bhd.

134,390.00

Newton Fund

142,808.00

5G Architecture and Technologies for a Visualized Smart City KK-2016-007 KYUTECH UNIVERSITY The UHF/VHF Patch Antenna Development for CubeSats

200,000.00

PHI-2015-001

109,880.00

m-Health Monitoring Through SMS Gateway in Malaysian Rural Community

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

Knowledge Technology Transfer Programme (KTP)

PERFORMANCE OF RESEARCH PROJECT AND PUBLICATION 2015-2016

PERFORMANCE OF RESEARCH PROJECT AND PUBLICATION IN YEAR 2015-2016

118

PERFORMANCE OF PROJECT RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION IN YEAR 2015-2016

PERFORMANCE OF RESEARCH PROJECT AND PUBLICATION IN There are three categories of theYEAR research project: internal, national and external. The 2015-2016

categories refer to the source of the funds; internal projects are funded by the university; national projects are funded directly by the Ministry and the external projects fund are from various local and international industries or institutional. The here are three categories of the research project: internal, national and external. The categories refer projects under thefunds; internal category, which funded under Research University (RU) to the source of the internal projects are funded by the university; national projects are funded grant by is AP/CP, GGPM, KRA, DIP, GGP, GGPM, DLP, DPK, GUP, RACE, STEM, GGPK, PTS, directly the Ministry and the external projects fund are from various local and internati onal industries orDana instituti onal. The projects under internal category, which funded under (RU) Inovasi and others.

Thethe total number of internal projects forResearch the yearUniversity 2015 is 31 grant is AP/CP, GGPM, KRA, DIP, GGP, GGPM, DLP, DPK, GUP, RACE, STEM, GGPK, PTS, Dana Inovasi and projects and year 2016 is 29 projects. The projects under national category are FRGS, others. The total number of internal projects for the year 2015 is 31 projects and year 2016 is 29 projects.

TRGS, PRGS, SCIENCEFUND and KTP. The total number of national projects for the year The projects under national category are FRGS, TRGS, PRGS, SCIENCEFUND and KTP. The total number of 2015 31 projects is 19 projects. theisexternal category, the projects nati onalisprojects for theand yearyear 20152016 is 31 projects and yearFor 2016 19 projects.

For the external category, are funded institutional agencies in Malaysia, international theindustries. industries. the projects areby funded by instituti onal agencies in Malaysia, international and and the TheThe total number of external projects for the year 2015 is 6 projects and year 2016 is 3 projects. total number of external projects for the year 2015 is 6 projects and year 2016 is 3 projects.

T

Internal Project

National Project 21

2015 2016

External Agency

15

10 10 5

4

5

4 00

0

7

7 4

2 2 2 1 1 0 1 0 10 0 10 00

1

0

23

1

00

21 12 3 0

Key: Key: AP/CP – Arus Perdana/Cabaran Perdana AP/CP – –Arus Perdana/Cabaran Perdana DIP – Dana Impak Perdana DIP Dana Impak Perdana DLP – Dana Lonjakan Penerbitan DLP – Dana Lonjakan Penerbitan DPK – Dana Padanan Kolaborasi DPK – Dana Padanan Kolaborasi FRGS – Fundalmental Resarch Grant Scheme GGPK – Geran Galakan Penyelidikan Komuniti FRGS – Fundalmental Resarch Grant Scheme GGPM Galakan Penyelidik Muda GUP – Geran Universiti Penyelidikan GGPK – –Geran Geran Galakan Penyelidikan Komuniti GGPM – Geran Galakan Penyelidik Muda KRA – Dana Penyelidikan Strategik KTP – Knowledge Technology Transfer Programme GUP – Geran Universiti Penyelidikan PTS – Projek Tindakan Strategik PRGS – Prototype Research Grant Scheme KRA – Dana Penyelidikan Strategik RACE – –Research Acculturati on Collaborati ve Effort KTP Knowledge Technology Transfer Programme STEM – –Science, PTS ProjekTechnology TindakanEngineering, Strategik and Mathematics PRGS – Prototype Research Grant Scheme TRGS onal Research Grant Scheme RACE – –Translati Research Acculturation Collaborative Effort STEM – Science, Technology Engineering, and Mathematics TRGS – Translational Research Grant Scheme

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

119

Percentage of Research Funded in Year 2016 Nasional, RM 65,270.50 (1%)

International ,

Percentage Research Funded in Year 2016 RM 940,000.00of(16%) DIP, RM 1,300,000.00

Nasional, PRGS, (1%) RM 65,270.50 RM 71,698.11 (1%)

International , RM 940,000.00 (16%)

(22%)

DIP, RM 1,300,000.00 (22%)

PRGS, ScienceFund, RM 71,698.11 (1%) RM 605,400.00 (10%) ScienceFund, RM 605,400.00 (10%)

GUP, RM 1,354,365.00 (23%) GUP,

RM 1,354,365.00 (23%) GGPM, RM 315,000.00 (5%)

FRGS, RM 1,307,641.05 (22%) FRGS,

RM 1,307,641.05 Universiti-Community, RM 21,000.00 (0.3%) (22%) Universiti-Community, RM 21,000.00 (0.3%)

GGPM, RM 315,000.00 (5%)

University-Industry, RM 21,000.00 (0.3%) University-Industry, RM 21,000.00 (0.3%) amount of research

As shown in the chart above, the total funded in the year 2016 RM 6,001,374.66. breakdown of funds in thefunded year 2016 by category Aswas shown in the chartThe above, the total amountreceived of research in the year 2016 As shown in the chart above, the total amount of research funded in the year 2016 was of funds received in the 2016 funds by category wasRM RM 6,001,374.66.

3,011,365.00 The frombreakdown internal funds, RM 2,050,009.66 fromyear national and was RM 6,001,374.66.

The breakdown of funds received in the year 2016 by category was RM 3,011,365.00 from internal funds, RM 2,050,009.66 from nati onal funds and RM 940,000.00 from external agency funds.

RM 940,000.00 from external agency funds.funds, RM 2,050,009.66 from national funds and was RM 3,011,365.00 from internal RM 940,000.00 from external agency funds.

Comparison of Publication for Year 2015 and 2016 Comparison of Publication for Year 2015 and 2016 800

Quantity Quantity

800 600 600 400 400 200 2000 0

664 648 664 648 204 197 204 197

2015 109 85 109 85

55 19 55 19

14 35 14 35

19 14 19 14

6 6 6 6

1 1 1 1

2016 2015 2016

The total number of publications for the year 2015 and 2016 is 1072 and 1005. The focus on journal publications is in line with the direction and the targets set by the faculty The total number of of publicati ons for the 2015 2015 and 2016 is2016 1072is and The focus journal The total number publications for year the year and 10721005. and 1005.

Theon focus every year.

Q1 & Q2 refer to publications in high impact journals with the higher rankto publications is in line with the direction and the targets set by the faculty every year. Q1 & Q2 refer on journal publications is in line with the direction and the targets set by the faculty quartiles, i.e. upper half Q1 &with Q2.the higher rank quartiles, i.e. upper half Q1 & Q2. publicati ons in high impact journals every year. Q1 & Q2 refer to publications in high impact journals with the higher rank quartiles, i.e. upper half Q1 & Q2.

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

PERFORMANCE OF RESEARCH PROJECT AND PUBLICATION IN YEAR 2015-2016

120

Comparison of Publication for Top 10 Faculty/Institute in UKM 1200

Comparison of Publication for Top 10 Faculty/Institute in UKM

1200 1000 1000 800 600 400 200 0

800 600 400 200 0

FST

FKAB

FPER

FSSK

FTSM

FSK

FEP

FSTJournal FKAB Proceeding FPER FSSKBookFTSMChapter FSK in Book FEP Journal

Proceeding

Book

Chapter in Book

FPEND

FPEND Policy

Policy

FPI

LESTARI

FPI LESTARI Popular Writing

Popular Writing

Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment is among the highest contributors of Faculty ofof Engineering and Built Environmentin UKM. is among among thenumber highest of contributors of publications between faculties/institutes The total faculties inofUKM Faculty Engineering and Built Environment is the highest contributors publicati ons between faculti es/insti tutes in UKM. The total number of faculti es in UKM is 13 and between institutes is 14. The Faculty of and Built Environment consists publications faculties/institutes in Engineering UKM. The total number of faculties in UKM of is 13 and institutes is 13. The Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment consists of departments, unitThe and 4 research centres. The departments are Department 135 and institutes is114.

Faculty Engineering Built Environment consists of of 5 is departments, 1 unit and 4 research centres.ofThe departmentsand are Department of Chemical & Process Chemical & Process Engineering, of departments Mechanical &are Materials Engineering, 5 departments, 1 unitofand 4 research centres.Engineering, The of Engineering, Department Mechanical & Department Materials Department ofDepartment Civil & Structural Department of Civil & Structural Engineering, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Engineering, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering and of Architecture.

Chemical & Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical & Department Materials Engineering, The unit is Unit of Fundamental Engineering Studies while the centres areThe Centre for Educati&on Systems Engineering and Department of Architecture. is Engineering Unit of Fundamental Department of Civil & Structural Engineering, Department of unit Electrical, Electronic Research, Centre for Automotive Research, Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre and Research Engineering Studies while the centres are Centre forThe Engineering Research, Systems Engineering and Department of Architecture. unit is UnitEducation of Fundamental Centre for Sustainable Process Technology.

Centre for Automotive Research, Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre Engineering Studies while the centres are Centre for Engineering Education Research,and Research Centre forResearch, Sustainable Process Technology.

Centre for Automotive Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre and Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology.

124 89 124 157 157 172 172

82 78 89 78 82

FKAB

648 648

Ranking of Indexed Journal UKM (Top 10) Ranking ofinIndexed

Journal in UKM (Top 10)

FKAB FST FST FPER FPERFSSK FSSKFTSM FTSM FSK FSK FEP

226

FEP FPEND

226

596 321 321

596

FPEND LESTARI LESTARI FFAR FFAR

From the chart, it is obvious that the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment From the chart, it is obvious that the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment published the most the in indexed journals for UKM in 2016.

From chart, itmost is obvious the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment arti clespublished inthe indexed journals forarticles UKM inthat 2016. published the most articles in indexed journals for UKM in 2016.

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

121

Publications of Research Books

ADAPTIVE NOISE CANCELLATION SYSTEMS USING SELECTABLE ALGORITHMS Authors: Roshahliza Ramli & Salina Abdul Samad ISSN: 9783659938467

ISLANDING DETECTION AND LOAD SHEDDING SCHEME FOR POWER SYSTEM WITH DG Authors: Aziah Khamis & Azah Mohamed ISSN: 9783659773709

KAMUS SENIBINA Authors: Mastor Surat, Aniza Abdul Aziz, Nangkula Utaberta & Mazlan Mohd Tahir ISSN: 9789834903985

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

122

PERFORMANCE OF RESEARCH PROJECT AND PUBLICATION IN YEAR 2015-2016

PEMESINAN LESTARI ALOI TITANIUM UNTUK KEGUNAAN AEROANGKASA Author: Che Hassan Che Haron ISSN: 9789674123796

PENAMBAHBAIKAN KUALITI BERTERUSAN DALAM PENDIDIKAN KEJURUTERAAN Authors: Mastura Markom, Ahmad Kamal Ariï¬&#x192;n Mohd Ikhsan & Roszilah Hamid ISSN: 9789674123086

PERANTI SUMBER KUASA MUDAH ALIH MENGGUNAKAN SEL FUEL METANOL LANGSUNG Author: Siti Kartom Kamarudin ISSN: 9789674124298

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 2016

124

INTELECTUAL PROPERTY 2016 NO PRODUCT NAME

LEAD INVENTOR

RESEARCH CODE /PROJECT

TYPE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

1

Anti Fire Locking Device

PROF. ING. DR. NIK ABDULLAH BIN NIK SALLEH

MY-157973-A

Patent Granted

2

A Method of Producing Coconut Protein Powder

PROF. DATO’ IR. DR. ABDUL WAHAB BIN MOHAMMAD

MY-158873-A

Patent Granted

3

Laser Guided Qibla Measurement Device (System and Method for Translating Direction to Reference Point from Outdoor Area to Indoor Area of Building)

ASSOC. PROF. DR. NORHANA BINTI ARSAD

2016700466

Patent Filed

4

Low Cost, Efficient Method of Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tubes Production PROF. DR. SITI MASRINDA BT. Over Hydrous TASIRIN Magnesium Sillicate Catalyst Systems Via Chemical Vapor Deposition Processes

2016500030

Patent Filed

5

An Instrument for Decoupling of Axial and Transverse Force Components Crosstalk and A Method of Manufacturing the Same

ASSOC. PROF. IR. DR. AHMAD ASHRIF BIN A BAKAR

2016702664

Patent Filed

6

Uhf Band Compact Patch Antenna for Nano Satellite

PROF. DR. MOHAMMAD TARIQUL ISLAM

2016703753

Patent Filed

INNOVATE VOLUME 11

125

7

Energy-Efficient Transmission Techniques for Bicycle Wireless Sensor Networks (Energy Efficient Wireless Communication Methods and Systems to Monitor Biomechanical Parameters of Vehicle)

8

Vertalyzer: Intelligent PROF. DR. AINI BT. HUSSAIN Vertebrae Analyser System

UKM IKB/108/2/1105

Copyright

9

S-Diagram

PROF. IR. DR. SHAHRUM BIN ABDULLAH

UKM IKB/108/2/1118

Copyright

10

LWR-IM: An Efficient Integrated Traffic Model for Modeling Platoon Dynamics and Performance Analysis of Traffic in Arterials

PROF. DR. MD. MAMUN BIN IBNE REAZ

UKM IKB/108/2/1128

Copyright

11

Spade: An Improved Sequence Prediction Algorithm for Smart Home User

PROF. DR. MD. MAMUN BIN IBNE REAZ

UKM IKB/108/2/1150

Copyright

12

ENR on Asphalt Mixed Design for Road Construction

PROF. DR. AMIRUDDIN ISMAIL

UKM IKB/108/2/640

Copyright

13

Student Satisfaction Measurement Survey PROF. DR. SITI MASRINDA BT. Form for Engineering TASIRIN Postgraduate Taught Courses Programme

UKM IKB/108/2/1227

Copyright

14

Sistem Penyeliaan Inovatif: E-Mentor Mentee

UKM IKB/108/2/1302

Copyright

ASSOC. PROF. IR. DR. ROSDIADEE BIN NORDIN

ASSOC. PROF. IR. DR. NORHANA BINTI ARSAD

2016001967

Patent Filed

INNOVATE VOLUME 11

126

INNOVATE VOLUME 11

POPULAR WRITINGS

128

POPULAR WRITINGS

POPULAR WRITINGS

THE QUEST TOWARDS AUTONOMOUS DRONES

Thinal Raj, Abdul Hadi Hamdan, Fazida Hanim Hashim

Department of Electrical, Electronics and System Engineering

Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment

In recent years, the word Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or commonly known as drones have been cited frequently in academic publications. By definition, drones are aircrafts that do not have a pilot but are controlled by an operator on the ground. The majority of publications are focused on quadcopters which are a type of multicopter drones with four fixed propellers. Unlike fixed wing drones, the multi-copter drones are capable of vertical takeoff and landing without the need for long runways. Furthermore, multi-copter drones are highly stable and maneuverable, making them useful for a lot of applications. Although earlier publications were more focused towards the design and implementation of quadcopter control systems, current research direction has pivoted towards intelligent & collaborative control systems.

Despite the merits of quadcopter design, the major challenges for the existing quadcopters are lack of intelligence, low flight time and payload constraints. At the moment, drones are still human operated on a one-to-one ratio from ground stations. In later designs, efforts are taken to establish autonomous outdoor navigation with the help of GPS. For indoor navigation, the existing solutions such as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) are still in experimental stages and are expected to be fully operational in upcoming years. On the other hand, the control of multiple drones outdoors remains an open challenge. The second major problem is the flight time. Multi-copter drones are inefficient compared to fixed wing drones because they always have to provide a constant supply of power to the motors in order to maintain the hovering altitude. Due to large power consumption by the motors, flight time is significantly reduced.

Moreover, adding payload to the drones further reduces the overall efficiency and impacts the flight time.

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

129

The UKM Electrical, Electronics and System Engineering Department have taken part in the journey of designing and implementing autonomous drones. Many preliminary works, such as bio-inspired path planning algorithm, flight controller design, lightweight quadcopter body design, octocopter design, and 3D LiDAR design for indoor mapping as well as brushless motor characterization has been conducted. Potential applications of autonomous quadcopter are: � Search and rescue missions: People missing in forests, trapped on mountain ranges, lost at sea, or otherwise in trouble, would be benefit from quadcopter versatility. � Surveillance system of wide area such as agriculture and border: Quadcopter can cover wide areas such as palm oil plantations, paddy fields, gardens, state borders and restricted areas in order to monitor the condition on the ground from above. � Military force: Quadcopter can fly into any area with any conditions without risking a human life. � Warehousing: Warehouse inspection will be easily conducted with the help of quadcopters to find any items accurately in a short amount of time. � Filmmaking: The scene view from the air can be easily and inexpensively recorded.

For further information, please email: fazida@ukm.edu.my

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

POPULAR WRITINGS

130

MANAGING WASTE BINS

BY USING GEOSPATIAL APPLICATION Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Muhammad Amartur Rahman Zainal Abidin, Mohd Aizat Saiful Bahri & Muhammad Aqiff Abdul Wahid

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in collaboration with Earth Observation Centre (EOC), Prasarana UKM and Khazanah UKM utilised implementation of Geographical Information System (GIS) in managing and maintaining UKMâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s infrastructure. The new approach is based on a systematic approach to monitor and retrieve the information of every infrastructure in UKM along with its location. GIS plays an important role in this approach as the spatial information of every detail on the surface of the earth around UKM can be accessed and view simultaneously by Departments / Faculties / Institutes just through a monitor.

Figure 1: UKM Infrastructures in ArcMap Environment

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Figure 2: UKM Garbage Bin in web-based environment

The system is built on a ArcGIS platform where the ArcMap software helps to delineate all the infrastructure within UKM such as road, building, pipeline, sewerage, boundary, landscape e tc. A three-step process is involved in this project and the first step was the collection of data where all the infra data being collected either through ground data collection, from existing built plan or digitising method used and the map from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (Figure 1). A central data cloud was created called UKM Geodatabases where the spatial location and its attribute were stored.

During the completion of the database, the data that was already collected is simultaneously designed to be displayed in web-based environment using the platform of ArcGIS online. All the data was the exported into web map services. This allows the spatial information of each infrastructure and its attribute

can be displayed and

accessed by approved user. By using ArcGIS online, approved user doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need to have ArcMap to display and retrieve the spatial data from the databases.

The online ve rsion of ArcGIS (we b-based environment), allows the user to perform few elementary analysis such as data query and buffering.

The user can query the data based on characteristics required and the result of the query will show its both the location and attribute. This is a smart system that it will help decision makers to make good decision regarding fund with regards to for managing and maintaining UKM infrastructure. The application developed in the online environment where all the bins in UKM are stored in a Geodatabases is shown in Figure 2. This application is able to query and display the relevant information (Figure 3).

Figure 3: Query process and results

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Crystal @ SME Programme: Developing Innovative Minds in Schools & Universities

ENG IN EER IN G ED UC AT ION T EC HN I CA L D IVI SION

rep orted b y

I r. D r Mandeep Jit Sin gh

I r. D r Mandeep Jit

Sin gh

received his B.Eng. (with honours) and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and electronic engineering from the University of Northumbria, UK, and Universiti Sains Malaysia, in 1998 and 2006, respectively. He is currently the Deputy Chairman of E2TD committee and an Associate Professor at Universiti Kebangsaan

rep orted b y Hafi zah H usai n

Hafi zah H usai n received her Bachelor of Science (Electrical Engineering) from University of Hartford, USA in 1986, Masters of Science (Mechatronics) from De Montfort University, UK in 1995 and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia in 2007. She is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical, Electronics and System JUR UTER A

June 2016

ET2D chairman giving a talk on STEM

This affordable and easy-to-use board Teenagers have an innate curiosity and can be programmed using a computer. By natural creativity. These characteristics

need to be nurtured and channelled into interfacing the board to specific devices, it

structured, organised and continuous can be programmed to perform various activities, so that they will continue to tasks automatically, either for the purpose

of games (fun-and-play) or for actual flourish.

The Crystal@UKM programme was industrial application. There are no conceived to realise the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s limitations to what the students can innovation agenda, nurture creativity and develop as it all depends on their

creativity. develop a sense of competitiveness

The main features of the programme, globally. It utilises facilities and staff

expertise at the Faculty of Engineering & other than inculcating interest and

Built Environment as well nas the School awareness in automation and intelligence, of Information Science & Technology, are to encourage students to move on to a based on a module that integrates higher level of education and to prepare skills to them for the working world. electronics and programming educate the school students who will also

be mentored by university students.

In 2009, the programme was proposed

to the office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor

(Industry and Community Affairs) by the Faculty of Engineering & Built with UEM Environment, in collaboration Group. The plan was to foster a culture of innovation in young people through

exposure to technology by using a

microcontroller-based Arduino Board.

Presentation of certificate by Prof. Datuk Ir. Dr Mohd Marzuki Mustafa pro vice-chancellor (strategy

and corporate development)

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Group photo between the students, mentors and JKEES staff

The programme offers students the opportunity to explore technologies not available in the classroom.

University students mentor school students by guiding them in designing and programming the microcontroller chip to develop microcontroller-based systems that can be used to solve real life problems. Ultimately, the experience produces graduates who are concerned for the well-being of society and equip them with skills that will be useful in the working world.

The programme comprises three phases. In the first phase, school students are given “hands-on” training,

using specially designed modules and kits. They are

taught to develop simple automatic circuits using the microcontroller. In the second phase, they are divided into groups of four students. Each group is required to

prepare a proposal according to the theme and present expected to conduct a it to a panel. The students are needs to be solved. In study based on the problem that the third phase, the students will design and develop the alpha prototype of their projects. The entire programme

takes 6-8 months to complete. two schools in Gelang The pilot project started with

Patah, Johor, namely SMK Taman Nusa Jaya and SMK Kompleks Sultan Abu Bakar. So far, 200 students from 15 schools and 150 UKM students have taken part in the programme.

The latest programme, involving eight technical schools, was successfully completed in February 2015.

Two of nine products developed by a group of students from Sekolah Menengah Teknik Kuala Lumpur, the Page

Turner and the Handicapped Parking Detector, won at the national (IComp several gold and silver awards Ex2015, IIDEX 2015 and National Innovation Award

2015) and international level (WIC2015, South Korea).

The 2 gold medals won in South Korea were an acknowledgment of innovation and original ideas. By winning the international awards, the students have gained a high degree of self-confidence and demonstrated national pride. All nine prototypes developed can be commercialised and produced on a large scale.

Students assembling the prototype

JUR UTER A

June 2016

“Hands-on” training using specially designed modules and kits

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Tribology in Malaysia: General Perspective

Written by M.F.B. Abdollah (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka), S. Kasolang (Universiti Teknologi MARA), N.W.M. Zulkifli (University of Malaya), M.J. Ghazali (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), I.C. Gabeshuber (Vienna University of Technology) and H.H. Masjuki (University of Malaya)

INTRODUCTION

Tribology was first coined in 1966 as documented in ‘Jost Report’. The word ‘tribology’ has since gained a common usage for matters related to friction, wear, and lubrication in machine interactions. Since tribology is an engineering issue that goes beyond national boundaries, many tribology societies have emerged across the continents partly motivated by the pursuit for greener world via waste reduction. The move for improved tribology practices in industry has reached Malaysia and in 2007, Malaysian Tribology Society (MYTRIBOS) was established by local tribologists [1]. MYTRIBOS is responsible to promote proper practices in research and development related to the field of tribology in Malaysia and to facilitate collaborations between academia and industry in all possible endeavors. MYTRIBOS eventual vision and mission is to help reduce energy consumption by making machineries more energy efficient in order to reduce greenhouse gas emission.

MYTRIBOS is contributing towards the improvement of the environment and to achieve a better quality of life and more sustainable world by creating awareness of the importance of practicing proper tribology. From a humble beginning in 2007, MYTRIBOS now can be proud of its current progress with 89 registered members, coming from different background and areas of interests, from local and international universities, industries and research institutes. Specifically, more than 80% of MYTRIBOS members are locals and the rest are expatriates working in Malaysia.

CURRENT TRIBOLOGY RESEARCH TRENDS IN MALAYSIA

The current tribology research trends in Malaysia can be classified into five main categories: (a) Green Tribology (b) Hydrodynamic lubrication in plain journal bearing (c) Tribology of waste materials (d) Surface and coatings technology, and (e) Biomimetics. Green tribology involves research and development of bio-based lubricants, pioneered by Masjuki and his co-workers at University of Malaya in the early 1980’s. In relatively recent years, the work by Zulkifli et al. [2] examined the lubricity of bio-based lubricant derived from different chemically modified fatty acid methyl ester. This bio based lubricant was synthesized using palm oil methyl ester, pentaerythritol, and trimethylolpropane. They have also investigated the effect of bio-based lubricant on coating and surface modification. In another group, Belinda and her coworker work on improved friction and wear performance of micro-dimpled ceramic-on- ceramic interface for hip joint [3].

Many aspects of research work specifically in hydrodynamic lubrication of plain journal bearing have been published by Kasolang et al. [4] who started their work at the University of Sheffield. The work that started at the University of Sheffield has been further established at the Universiti Teknologi MARA through co-supervisions of postgraduate students between the two universities. One of the early highlights of the investigation is on the use of reflection measurement technique to measure film thickness and viscosity around the circumference of the journal bearing. In later work, other response parameters such as friction, temperature profile, and pressure profile were also reported. Kasolang and co-workers [5-6] have started working on other aspects of tribology namely wear and bio lubricants.

Nowadays, the need for engineering materials to be environmentally friendly is rising. Waste materials may be considered a secondary source of materials with an energetic advantage due to its high energy content. With regard to this research area, Abdollah and his co-workers strive at seeking innovative and sustainable solutions to these questions by developing a new potential self-lubricating and friction materials made from agriculture wastes [7-10]. This effort by young researchers from Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka is expected to have large potential for advancing a zero waste strategy in improving tribological properties at an affordable cost. Surface treatments including coatings are rapidly developing areas in tribology that offer new methods and techniques to control friction and wear. In a series of research collaborations between researchers from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and SIRIM Berhad resulted in more than a half dozen top-tier research publications since 2013. Ghazali and her co-workers have been working on oxide-ceramic materials for marine environments, particularly for tropical countries to mitigate corrosion and wear [11-14]. Identification on vital parameters in plasma sprayed coating including good surface textures had improved the quality of depositions and coatings on the substrates for severe conditions, in particular.

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135 Gebeshuber is an Austrian Professor of Physics who has been living and working in Malaysia since 2009. As a nanotechnologist, she is well aware of the importance of the nanoscale in tribological applications, and her work bridges across scales, from nano to the device level. She has been working on bioinspired MEMS on diatom tribology and on green nanotribology. She introduces biology for tribologists and highlighted the benefits of biomimetics in her latest publication [15].

Figure 1. Number of papers affiliated to Malaysia, which fall in the field of tribology and published in Scopus database.

The keywords used are tribology, wear, friction, lubrication [16].

MALAYSIAN PUBLICATION IN THE FIELD OF TRIBOLOGY

The publication record of various research organizations and academic organizations were tracked down from as early as 1975 to the current year 2015 and the publication profile obtained is given in Figure 1. The data shown in Figure 1 was based on Scopus database [16]. Scopus has practically made data searching and compilation on tribology progress in Malaysia easy which otherwise can be a daunting task to accomplish. Based on the number of published pa pers, it is uplifting to note that the intensity of research in tribology in Malaysia has increased tremendously since 2007, the year MYTRIBOS was born. It is worth noting that one of the MYTRIBOS objectives, to promote Malaysia in the field of tribology through publications, has been progressively achieved.

MYTRIBOS has moved one step further with the establishment of Jurnal Tribologi making its debut in 2014 [17]. Jurnal Tribologi is strategically written in Malay to signify local efforts but with global impact. This journal is an open access of peer-reviewed international journal, dedicated to the rapid publication of high quality papers on important subjects in the areas of tribology and other emerging fields related to friction, wear and lubrication. MYTRIBOS also regularly organizes international conferences and this year, Malaysian International Tribology Conference (MITC2015) will be held in Penang [18]. The presence of MYTRIBOS has been recognized and appreciated internationally with the recent appointment as the host of the coming ASIATRIB in 2018. Indeed, MYTRIBOS is committed and all geared for promoting the advancement of tribology in Malaysia as well as abroad in support of a more sustainable world.

TRIBOLOGY RELATED INDUSTRY

Tribology related industry may be defined as those companies that engage with friction, wear, and lubrication related products and technology. The role of industry in promoting tribology is tremendous. In Malaysia, this has yet to grow and MYTRIBOS has a major role to play. In the context of Malaysia, PETRONAS, as a strong local industry with global presence in more than 23 countries, is a force to reckon with. In downstream business, PETRONAS helps to enhance Malaysiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s oil and gas resources. PETRONAS has a total refining capacity of 500,000 barrels per day and one of key petroleum products produced is lubricants. A subsidiary company known as PETRONAS Lubricants International Sdn. Bhd. (PLI) was established in 2008 to cater for lubricants global demand. Currently, some of the lubricants based products produced by PETRONAS include PETRONAS Syntium, PETRONAS Sprinta, and PETRONAS Urania for passenger vehicles, motorcycles, and commercial vehicles respectively. The commitment of PETRONAS in supporting national education agenda is evident from its engagements with education providers. Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) and PETROSAINS are the mark of its commitment. In the case of Universiti Teknologi MARA, PETRONAS has also established collaborations with different faculties such as the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Faculty of Chemical Engineering. PETRONASâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s engagement with universities come in different forms including research, industrial placement, training, and sponsorship [19]. Indeed PETRONAS is a pride of Malaysia in so many ways.

The roles of PETRONAS are also championed and complimented by other companies such as HYRAX Oil [20], Baseron (M) Sdn. Bhd., VICSON Sdn. Bhd., MEGA Energy Sdn. Bhd, HAKITA Engineering Sdn. Bhd., ZETA Scientific Sdn. Bhd., Lubeworld Holdings Sdn. Bhd., CBM Solutions Sdn. Bhd., Sumber Petroleum Cemerlang Sdn. Bhd., Tenaga Nasional Berhad, QES (Asia Pacific) Sdn. Bhd., PROEIGHT Sdn. Bhd., TOYO Grease Sdn. Bhd., SYNTOMAX Industries Sdn. Bhd., and FEOSO Group [21].

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APPLICATION OF AQUATIC PLANTS FROM TASIK CHINI IN WASTE AND INDUSTRIAL/DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Mushrifah Idris and Hassimi Abu Hassan Department of Chemical and Process Engineering

proven to have the capability to treat wastewater containing heavy metals (lead, iron and aluminum), wastewater from paper recycling industry (to remove COD and color), effluent from petroleum industry (to eliminate Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) and domestic wastewater containing BOD, COD and nutrients. This constructed wetland system or phytoremediation technology has been and are currently utilised to treat waste and wastewater by multinational petroleum company, Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) and Malaysia Newsprint Industries (MNI).

Tasik Chini is a natural wetland system inhabited with aquatic plants such as Lepironia articulata (Kercut), Scirpus grossus (Rumput menderong), Eleocharis ochrostacys (Purun), Scirpodendron ochrostachys (Selinsing) and Nelumbo nucifera (Teratai).

These plants have their own roles to filter, clarify and trap dirt, sediments and pollutants from lake water, apart from their own aesthetic value. This natural wetland concept has been applied to treat waste and, industrial and domestic wastewater containing heavy metals, organic contaminants, dyes, suspended solids and micro-pollutants.

Scirpus grossus and Lepironia articulata have been

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