UIC College of Dentistry Clinic & Research Day Booklet 2024

37TH ANNUAL UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS CHICAGO

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

The Dental Solutions CompanyTM

University of Illinois Chicago College of Dentistry

Clinic and Research Day March 7, 2024

801 S. Paulina St. Chicago, Illinois 60612 (312) 996-5724

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Contents Schedule of Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Welcome from the Dean and Associate Dean for Research . . . . . . . .

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Welcome from the Steering Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Recognition and Thanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Exhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Clinic and Research Steering Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Biography of Keynote Speaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Faculty Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Judges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 History of Clinic and Research Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Index of Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Poster Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

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Schedule of Events 7:30 a.m.-1 p.m.

Registration

1st Floor Lobby

8 a.m.-1:30 p.m.

Sponsors and Exhibitor Displays

4th and 5th Floors

8:30-9:30 a.m.

Poster Group A 4th and 5th Floors East Walls Odd Numbers

9:45-10:45 a.m.

Poster Group B 4th and 5th Floors East Walls Even Numbers

11 a.m.-noon

Poster Group C 4th and 5th Floors West Walls Odd Numbers

11:45 a.m.-1:15 p.m.

Lunch

12:15-1:15 p.m.

Poster Group D 4th and 5th Floors West Walls Even Numbers

1st Floor Lobby

1:30-2:30 p.m.

Keynote Speaker: Dr. Kevin Byrd

Presentation LHN Livestream LHS

2:30-3:30 p.m

aculty Short Talks: F Basic Translational Sciences: Dr. Russell Pesavento Clinical and Translational Sciences: Dr. Min Kyeong Lee Population Health Sciences: Dr. Christina Nicholas

Presentation LHN Livestream LHS

3:30-4:15 p.m.

Awards Ceremony

LHN and LHS

4:30-5:30 p.m.

Submission deadline of MCQ Answer heets from Student/Trainees, Staff S Members and Faculty members for Raffle Prizes (awarded after Clinic & Research Day)

Boxes on 4th and 5th Floors

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Welcome Welcome to the 37th annual Clinic and Research Day at the University of Illinois Chicago College of Dentistry—a hub of research, education, and patient care situated in the dynamic city of Chicago. Much like our institution, the city continually revitalizes itself, and our commitment to research aligns with this spirit of transformation.

Dr. Susan Rowan

Today's science and research landscape thrives on expansive collaborations that transcend traditional boundaries. In line with this, we are redefining our research enterprise, investing in team science, fostering connections, and establishing meaningful partnerships across campus and within the diverse communities of Chicago and beyond.

Our postgraduates, students, and faculty engage in a spectrum of research endeavors, ranging from fundamental research to public health initiatives, the development of best practices in dentistry, innovative dental education, and groundbreaking advancements in diagnostics, artificial intelligence, biomaterials, and regenerative dentistry/medicine.

Thanks to collaborative teams of clinicians, researchers, and students, the College ranks highly in annual research funding from the National Institutes of Health. Research funding comes from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, other National Institutes of Health, other federal agencies, foundations, corporate, and philanthropic contributions.

Dr. Ana Bedran-Russo

This event brings our college community together and provides a platform for students and postgraduates to showcase their research achievements to peers, faculty, alumni, and the broader research community—a testament to the strength of our commitment to UIC and the greater Chicago research environment.

As you immerse yourself in Clinic and Research Day, we invite you to witness firsthand how we are actively contributing to 'Better Oral Health Through Transformative Innovation.'"

Thank you for your participation!

Susan Rowan, DDS, MS Interim Dean, Executive Associate Dean, Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs, Clinical Professor of Restorative Dentistry Ana Bedran-Russo, DDS, MS, PhD Associate Dean for Research and Professor and Head, Department of Oral Biology 5

Welcome from the Steering Committee On behalf of the Steering Committee, welcome to the 2024 Clinic and Research Day at the UIC College of Dentistry!

Our keynote speaker is Dr. Kevin Matthew Byrd, director of cell and molecular biology, Anthony R. Volpe Research scholar, and senior manager of oral and craniofacial research at the American Dental Association Dr. Ana Bedran-Russo Forsyth Institute and research faculty member at the University of North Carolina. We also have three short-presentation from groundbreaking work of three of our own faculty.

Our students, residents, and faculty/staff members are presenting over 125 posters highlighting their current research. They cover topics across the continuum of science to share insights into their research activities. Some will be competing for awards across a number of categories.

In addition to our scientific program, many commercial sponsors are presenting new products, services, and applications. You also may wish to visit the Kottemann Gallery of Dentistry to learn a bit about the College’s history, and the Du Brul Archives to view displays of human, animal, and prehistoric skulls and dentofacial bones, a collection created by the late Dr. E. Lloyd Du Brul, who was one of the College’s most distinguished faculty members. Both of these exhibits are on the fifth floor.

We invite you to join us for lunch, to visit our sponsors, to enjoy the various presentations, and the keynote speaker, and to stay until the end of the day to hear the award winners announced.

Welcome, and enjoy the day!

Ana Bedran-Russo, DDS, MS, PhD Lead, 2024 COD Clinic and Research Day Committee Associate Dean for Research and Professor and Head, Department of Oral Biology

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Awards AADOCR/Dentsply Sirona Student Competition for Advancing Dental Research and its Application (SCADA) One student (dental student, dual doctoral student, or PhD student at the UIC College of Dentistry), who has at least one year of program remaining, will be chosen to represent the College in the 2025 American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research/Dentsply Sirona SCADA Program at the American Association for Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Research (AADOCR) Annual Session in March 2025 in New York, NY. Hinman Student Research Symposium One dental student will be chosen to represent the UIC College of Dentistry at the Hinman Student Research Symposium sponsored by the University of Tennessee Health Science Center in Memphis at the Peabody Hotel, Fall 2024.

The Illinois State Dental Society Foundation Awards The premier dental student will be chosen by a panel of Illinois State Dental Association Foundation Dentists in basic sciences, clinical sciences, and population/ public health sciences, to receive an Illinois State Dental Society Foundation Award.

The Foundation is the society’s philanthropic wing; it provides scholarship money to qualified students, encourages and promotes student research, and sponsors continuing education for dentists throughout the state of Illinois.

Omicron Kappa Upsilon Awards In 2024, the Sigma Chapter of Omicron Kappa Upsilon, the National Dental Honor Society, will provide awards to three dental students for Superior Achievement, Outstanding Achievement, and Achievement in abstract writing and presentation in Educational Research.

UIC Office of Technology Management Award The University of Illinois Chicago's Office of Technology Management (OTM) plays a pivotal role in advancing the University's research and innovation, and will present an award to a deserving researcher at Clinic and Research Day. OTM is dedicated to facilitating the transfer of innovative discoveries and technologies created by UIC's faculty, researchers, and students into the marketplace for the benefit of society.

UIC College of Dentistry Awards The UIC College of Dentistry will present awards of recognition to deserving undergraduate students, dental students, residents, graduate students, and Post-Docs/ Research Staff across the following scientific categories: Basic/Basic Translational Sciences (BTS), Clinical/Clinical Translational Sciences (CTS), Educational Research (EdR), Population/Public Health Sciences (PHS), Case Reports (CaseR), and Literature Reviews (LitR).

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Awards Research Awards Selected Prior to the 2024 Clinic and Research Day This year’s Dr. Isaac Schour Memorial Dentistry Student Research Award recipients are pre-dental undergraduate students: Abhay Konanur (UIUC), Devina Koshal (UIC) and Hana Sayeed (UIC). The award stimulates student interest in research, giving students an opportunity to work creatively, develop excellence, and be inspired by the researchers with whom they work. We thank Dr. Seymour Gottlieb, ’58, whose generosity funds the Schour Award.

Activities Exhibitors Dental products manufacturers and service providers will exhibit their products and provide information about their services from 8 a.m. to 1:30 p.m., 4th and 5th Floors, North.

Galleries The Kottemann Gallery and the Du Brul Room on the 5th Floor will be open throughout Clinic and Research Day, with docents on hand to explain the exhibits. Participants are welcome to stop by and visit.

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Recognition and Thanks The UIC College of Dentistry community wishes to give special recognition to those who have made the 2024 Clinic and Research Day possible.

SILVER GC AMERICA INC. is a leading private manufacturer of

professional consumable dental care products and one of the fastest growing dental companies in the world. Founded in 1992, GC America is the wholly owned U.S. subsidiary of GC Corporation, the world’s fourth-largest professional dental consumables manufacturer in the world. GC America’s global headquarters is in in Lucerne, Switzerland, and and was founded in Tokyo, Japan in 1921.

(800) 323-7063 • www.gcamerica.com

The WRIGLEY ORAL HEALTHCARE PROGRAM (WOHP) partners with dental professionals worldwide, helping them improve their patients’ oral health through one additional simple and enjoyable step in their daily routine: chewing sugar-free gum after eating and drinking. Since the 1930s, Wrigley has been leading research to understand the role of gum in oral care. Based on decades of research, today regulatory bodies, national governments, the FDI World Dental Federation and more than 20 national dental or dental health associations worldwide recognize the oral care benefits of chewing sugar-free gum.

Dr. Michael Dodds, Senior Principal Scientist Oral Health 312-203-8488, Michael.dodds@effem.com.

TITANIUM BISCO is a local, family-owned ISO 13485 certified manufacturer that sells direct to dentists, based in Schaumburg, IL. Established in 1981, BISCO provides technically innovative aesthetic and restorative dental product solutions.

Michael Burseth, Eastern Regional Sales Manager (847) 534-6055, mburseth@bisco.com • www.bisco.com BRASSELER USA® is a leading ISO Certified healthcare

company, providing quality instrumentation to healthcare professionals for use in restorative dentistry, endodontics, oral

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Recognition and Thanks surgery, and oral hygiene. For nearly 50 years, Brasseler USA has developed a reputation as an innovative market leader in diamonds, carbides, polishers, endodontics, hand instruments, and handpieces. Today, Brasseler USA offers one of the most comprehensive assortments of instrumentation available under one brand.

1 (800) 841-4522 • BrasselerUSADental.com DENTSPLY WSIRONA is the world’s largest manufacturer of

professional dental products and technologies. The company has a comprehensive end-to-end solutions offering of dental and oral health products. This offering includes some of the best-known and established brands in the industry. The company develops, manufactures and markets general dental supplies, CAD/CAM restoration systems (CEREC and inLab), a full suite of dental restorative products, imaging systems, instruments, treatment centers, hygiene systems, dental lasers and products supporting the dental specialty markets of orthodontics, endodontics and implants.

In addition, the company has a global consumable healthcare products business.

Todd Gard, Todd.Gard@dentsplysirona.com.

LANG DENTAL MANUFACTURING’S Jet acrylics are used to

fabricate self-curing tooth-colored acrylics, denture repair acrylics and supporting equipment. Jet and Lang brand products are known for their durable and consistent performance and are trusted by clinicians and technicians worldwide.

Jennie Dompke, jennifer@langdental.com, (847)-215-6622

HENRY SCHEIN, INC. is a solutions company for healthcare professionals powered by a network of people and technology.

With approximately 24,000 Team Schein Members worldwide, the Company's network of trusted advisors provides more than 1 million customers globally with more than 300 valued solutions that help improve operational success and clinical outcomes. Our Business, Clinical, Technology, and Supply Chain solutions help office-based dental and medical practitioners work more efficiently so they can provide quality care more effectively. These solutions also support dental laboratories, government, and institutional healthcare clinics, as well as other alternate care sites.

www.henryschein.com

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Exhibitors Chicago Dental Society (CDS); Dr. Cheryl L. Mora, Director of Scientific Programs COordinated Oral health Promotion (CO-OP) Chicago Research Program; Dr. David Avenetti, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry; Dr. Molly Martin, Department of Pediatrics, UIC College of Medicine, Institute for Health Research and Policy; Anna Sandoval, UIC Institute for Health Research and Policy Dental Lifeline Network Illinois; Dr. Sharon J. Perlman, President National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (NDPBRN); Dr. Min Kyeong Lee, Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry; Dr. Maysaa Oubaidin, Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry; Ms. Marta Kucharska, Business Administrative Associate, Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry; Dr. Sath Allareddy, Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) Office of Training and Education (NOTE); Dr. Belinda R. Hauser, Intramural Training Director UIC Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS); Lauren Rieger, Director of Research Communications UIC Office for the Protection of Research Subjects (OPRS), Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research (OVCR); Charles Hoehne, Assistant Director, Education and Training; Teresa Johnston, Senior Associate Director UIC Office of Animal Care and Institutional Biosafety (OACIB), Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research (OVCR); Valerie Parkison, Director; Soubadeh Soura, Associate Director UIC Office of Research Data Initiatives and Information (ORDI2), Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research (OVCR); Abigail Goben, Associate Professor, Data Policy Advisor; Connie Ping, Data Initiative Project Manager; Rafa Gasymova, Program Assistant UIC Office of Technology Management (OTM); Dr. Svetlana Kurilova, Associate Technology Manager; Dr. Melissa Maderia, Assistant Director, Scientific Collaboration; Dr. Clare Harper, Associate Technology Manager; Dr. Nikita Gupta, Technology Commercialization Fellow UIC College of Dentistry Inclusive Care Clinic; Dr. Leda Mugayar, Director; Andres Felipe Giraldo Ledesma, Associate Director of Clinics 12

UIC College of Dentistry Student Research Group (SRG); Kasey Leung, President; Kristelle Capistrano, Vice President; Cassandra Villani, Secretary; Jonathan Banks, Treasurer

Clinic and Research Day Steering Committee Dr. Ana Bedran-Russo (Lead), William S. Bike, Peter Bouchard, Dr. Linda Kaste, Kasey Leung, Kenya McKenzie, Amsaveni Ramachandran, and Dr. Mateusz Wietecha.

Scientific Program Subcommittee Overall and Abstracts: Dr. Linda Kaste, Oral Biology Basic/Translational Sciences (BTS): Dr. Steven Miller, lead, Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences; Dr. Miya Kang, Oral Biology; Dr. Yinghuan Chen, Oral Biology; Dr. Sriram Ravindran, Oral Biology Clinical/Translational Sciences (CTS): Dr. Camila Zamperini, lead, Restorative Dentistry; Dr. Qian Xie, Endodontics; Dr. Mohammed Elnagar, Orthodontics; Dr. Silvia Villalobos Sancho, Periodontics Educational Research (EdR): Dr. Robert Bara, lead, Restorative Dentistry; Dr. Aniruddh Narvekar, Periodontics; Dr. Betti Shahin, Restorative Dentistry Population/Public Health Sciences (PHS): Dr. Bhakti Desai, lead, Pediatric Dentistry; Dr. Sobia Bilal, Pediatric Dentistry; Ms. Rebecca Van Horn, Pediatric Dentistry Literature Review (LitR): Prof. Jennifer Bereckis Jacobucci, lead, Restorative Dentistry; Ms. Stephanie Clarke, Restorative Dentistry; Ms. Robin Waner, Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Case Report (CaseR): Dr. Eve Kratunova, lead, Pediatric Dentistry; Dr. Majd Alsaleh, Pediatric Dentistry; Dr. Maria Therese Galan-Boquiren, Orthodontics

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Keynote Speaker Kevin Matthew Byrd, DDS, PhD is currently the director of cell & molecular biology, Anthony R. Volpe Research Scholar, and senior manager of oral & craniofacial research at the American Dental Association Forsyth Institute and parttime research faculty at the University of North Carolina.

He is a clinician-scientist who completed his DDS at the University of Michigan (2009-2013) and trained as a PhD and postdoctoral researcher at the University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry before joining their research faculty in 2019.

In 2021, Dr. Byrd built the Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI) in commercial lab space in Maryland. His lab is broadly focused on understanding mucosal cell type Dr. Kevin Matthew Byrd. discovery, patterning, and crosstalk in health and disease states in aerodigestive tissues. His active collaborations across the world work together to apply advanced sequencing methodologies to catalog the oral and craniofacial tissues at single-cell resolution, which led him to discover the oral axis of COVID-19 infection and transmission as well as to found the Human Cell Atlas Oral & Craniofacial Bionetwork in September 2020.

Since 2013, Dr. Byrd has been honored with more than 40 clinical/research awards and actively serves as a special volunteer at the National Institutes of Health, Dean’s Faculty at the University of Maryland, as well as a Standing Member of the Oral Health Pathway Taskforce, Global Alliance on Spatial Technologies (GESTALT), and a national think tank related to clinical research design and analysis.

He also is an active scientific advisor to two startup companies, Arcato Laboratories Inc. and OMAPiX Inc., and has many active collaborations with single-cell and spatial genomics companies (Biomage, 10x, Akoya Biosciences, ACD/Biotechne). As director, he leads teams to build and maintain global and transdisciplinary collaboration across the paradigm of basic to clinical scientists, oral health to overall health care providers, and computational to life scientists.

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Faculty Presentations Basic/Basic Translational Sciences (BTS) Title: Nanoceria as Salivary Protein Mimetics: A Potential Dry Mouth Treatment Presenter: Russell Pesavento, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Oral Biology

Dr. Russell Pesavento attended the University of Evansville (IN) where he received his BS degree (Biology/Chemistry) and continued on to receive a PhD (Chemistry) from the University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana (IL) (Chemistry, advisor: Wilfred A. van der Donk, PhD). He worked as a postdoc at Harvard University (Chemistry, advisor: Richard H. Holm PhD). Following working several years at a patent law firm in Washington DC, he decided to pursue dentistry and received a DDS from the University of Iowa College of Dentistry. Following completion of his DDS, he came to UIC as a postdoctoral research associate in the laboratory of Michael Johnson, PhD (College of Pharmacy). Later, he became a Clinical Assistant Professor at the College of Dentistry (January 2019) and quickly switched to Research Scientist in July of the same year. He is currently an Assistant Research Professor since September 2022.

Clinical/Clinical Translational Sciences (CTS) Title: Use of Big Data Analytics to Assist Clinical Outcomes Presenter: Min Kyeong Lee, DMD, DMSc, Clinical Assistant Professor, Orthodontics

Dr. Min Kyeong “Irene” Lee is an Associate Professor at the UIC College of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics. She received her dental (2010-2014) and orthodontic/ DMSc (2010-2014) training at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine. Dr. Lee was the recipient of the Harvard University Presidential Scholarship from 2010 to 2014, which provided full tuition support for her DMSc in oral biology and orthodontics residency programs. Dr. Lee is a big data analytics researcher with an interest in examining hospital-related outcomes using nationwide datasets such as the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and Nationwide Emergency Department Sample datasets. Following her residency training, she completed a clinical fellowship in Craniofacial and Special Needs Orthodontics at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (2014-2015) and was the recipient of the American Association of Orthodontists Craniofacial Anomalies and Special Care Training Award in 2016.

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Faculty Presentations Population/Public Health Sciences (PHS) Title: Diet, Food Security, and Oral Health in UIC Pediatric Patients

Presenter: Christina Nicholas, PhD, Associate Professor, Orthodontics; Director of Graduate Studies, Oral Sciences; Adjunct Associate Professor, UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Anthropology Dr. Christina Nicholas received her PhD in Biological Anthropology from the University of Iowa in 2015. She then completed a postdoc in the Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research (2015-2016), prior to joining UIC as a junior faculty member.

Nicholas is a dental anthropologist with broad research interests in craniofacial growth and development. The Nicholas lab's research focuses on 1) craniodental growth and development and 2) diet, childhood obesity, and oral health. Her most recent project, funded by the National Institute of Justice, seeks to build a contemporary, comprehensive database and online application for dental age estimation. In addition to her research, Dr. Nicholas also serves as the Director of Graduate Studies for the Oral Science graduate programs and teaches at the undergraduate, D1/D2, and postgraduate levels.

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Judges Basic/Translational Sciences Dr. Guy Adami, OMDS Dr. Satish Alapati, Endodontics Dr. Phimon Atsawasuwan, Orthodontics Dr. Wendy Cerny, Periodontics Dr. Lin Chen, Periodontics Dr. Karen Cielo, UIC CCTS Dr. Kassapa Ellepola, Oral Biology Dr. Amudha Ganapathy, Oral Biology Dr. Belinda Hauser, NIDCR Dr. Muhammad Irfan, Oral Biology Dr. Gonzalo Izaguirre, Periodontics Dr. Raza Naqvi, Periodontics Dr. Afsar Naqvi, Periodontics Dr. Christina Nicholas, Orthodontics Dr. Chandrashekhar Patil, UIC COM Ophthalmology Dr. Philip Patston, OMDS Dr. Russell Pesavento, Oral Biology Dr. David Reed, Oral Biology Dr. Joel Schwartz, OMDS Dr. Lin Tao, Oral Biology Dr. Sadiq Umar, Oral Biology Dr. Araceli Valverde, Periodontics Dr. Christine Wu, Pediatric Dentistry Dr. Charles Zhou, Periodontics

Clinical/Translational Sciences Dr. Zabihulla Ahmadi, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Seema Ashrafi, Periodontics Dr. Eva Bici, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Caroline Coradi Tonon, ADA Dr. Claire Garcia, Pediatric Dentistry Dr. Jainjun Hao, Alum Dr. Flavia Lakschevitz, Periodontics Dr. Spiro Megremis, COD Affiliate Dr. Ronald Milnarik, Endodontics Prof. Khatija Noorullah, Pediatric Dentistry Dr. Walter Stanford, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Scott Tomar, Pediatric Dentistry Dr. Nishtha Viniak, Alum Dr. Susan Zelazo-Smith, Periodontics

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Judges Educational Research Dr. Peter D'Aloia, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Robert Deaver, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Qiao Fang, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Maryam Gheisarifar, Restorative Dentistry Dr. David Maclin, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Anna Orland, Restorative Dentistry

Population/Public Health Sciences Dr. Lydia DeJonge, Alum Dr. Molly Martin, UIC COM Pediatrics/IHRP Ms. Daisy Nguyen, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Sharon Perlman, Alum Ms. Anna Sandoval, UIC IHPR Dr. Brett Turek, Midwestern University Dr. Alejandra Valencia, Oral Health Forum at Heartland Alliance Health

Case Reports Dr. Orlando Abreu, Periodontics Dr. Azza Ahmed, Pediatric Dentistry Dr. Mohamad Alhadlaq, Pediatric Dentistry Dr. David Avenetti, Pediatric Dentistry Ms. Cristina Bordabeheres, Periodontics Dr. Shar Fadavi, Pediatric Dentistry Dr. Flavia Lamberghini, Pediatric Dentistry Dr. Melissa Lauras, Periodontics Dr. Lori Lightfoot, CDS Dr. Johanna Manous, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Leda Mugayar, Pediatric Dentistry Dr. Swee Tan, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Melek Tozum, Periodontics

Literature Reviews Dr. James Bryniarski, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Ken Gehrke, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Joseph Gluck, Periodontics Prof. Abigail Goben, UIC University Library Dr. Michael Han, OMFS Dr. Brittaney Hill, Pediatric Dentistry Dr. Jasmine Liu, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Charles Neach, Endodontics Dr. Ronald Nunez, Bisco 18

Judges Dr. Susan Rowan, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Adriana Semprum-Clavier, Restorative Dentistry

ISDS Foundation Dr. Susan Bordenave Bishop Dr. Mark Heiss Dr. Peggy Richardson

Sigma Chapter of Omicron Kappa Upsilon Dr. Priscilla Chang, Restorative Dentistry Dr. Alison Doubleday, OMDS Dr. Jonny Haller, Periodontics Dr. Michael Schmerman, Periodontics UIC Office of Technology Management Dr. Nikita Gupta Dr. Clare Harper Dr. Melissa Maderia

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History of Clinic and Research Day In 1988, the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry began its studentbased Clinic Day, later to be renamed Clinic and Research Day, providing a forum for students to showcase their cutting-edge research projects and for students, alumni, and faculty to receive educational and professional enrichment information from a keynote speaker. The first Clinic Day, held April 6, 1988, was proposed and organized by students. Its success and the growth of the event prompted faculty and administration to make it an official annual activity at the College.

In 1996, the modern Clinic and Research Day was initiated through a formal gathering of faculty and interested students, to re-invigorate the existing student-based Clinic Day. It provided an opportunity for students and faculty to interact in advancing oral healthcare and research while embracing the entire local community. Clinic and Research Day has grown into an incredibly diverse and rich gathering that reflects on all of the clinical and research activities going on at the College.

Clinic and Research Day in the past included comedic “game show” quizzes, dexterity challenges such as wax tooth carving, table clinics, technology demonstrations, and tours of the College. While some of these offerings have been eliminated, the event has become more focused and fine-tuned and is similar to a national dental meeting with oral and poster presentations on clinical and research subjects, dental products vendors and service providers’ exhibits, a keynote speaker, continuing education, awards for excellence, and prizes.

For many years, Department Heads were in charge of the faculty component of Clinic and Research Day, but since the creation of the College’s Office of Research Services in 2003, the Associate Dean for Research, currently Dr. Lyndon Cooper, has overseen the Clinic and Research Day Committee. Dr. Ana Bedran-Russo, Associate Dean for Research and Professor and Head, Department of Oral Biology, is this year’s lead.

Throughout Clinic and Research Day’s history, however—it’s the students’ day. With every Clinic and Research Day, the College builds on the experience, expands the event, and displays the increases in the diversity of research along with the diversity of the COD community. This year’s event features some faculty posters and short talks, and enhanced involvement by the external research community; thus providing more research role modeling for the students.

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Abstracts KEY TO BANNER

SCIENCE AREA

BTS = Basic/Translational Sciences CTS = Clinical/Translational Sciences EdR = Educational Research PHS = Population/Public Health Sciences CaseR = Case Report LitR = Literature Review

LEVEL OF PRESENTER

Undergraduate = pre-dental school Dental Student = traditional or advanced standing dental student Resident = advanced specialty education with or without master’s degree Graduate Student = only graduate degree student Dual Doctoral Student = dental/medical and PhD student

SESSION TIME

Session A = 8:30 - 9:30 Session B = 9:45 - 10:45 Session C = 11:00 - 12:00 Session D = 12:15 - 1:15

POSTER LOCATION

(Floor + Hall + Wall + Poster Position from North End)

5 TH FLOOR EAST HALL EAST WALL

1 BTS Undergraduate Session A (5EE-1) COMPARISON OF FILM THICKNESS AND FLOW: NEOSEALER AND ENDOSEQUENCE-BIOCERAMIC SEALER AbuSaleh M1, Alapati SB2 UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Hypothesis and Objective: The success of endodontic therapy relies on several factors, including the final obturation, ability to seal off micro-organisms and to prevent re-contamination of the root canal space. Root canal sealers are in either handmixed or syringe-mixed preparations and lately pre-mixed Calcium-Silicate-Cement sealers are widely used. Requirements for root canal sealing materials are listed in ISO -6876:2012. The objective of this research is to compare physical properties of two CSC sealers EndoSequence BC sealer (Brasseler) and NeoSealer (Avalon 21

Abstracts Biomed). There is no difference in film thickness and flow between NeoSealer and EndoSequence BC Sealer.

Methods: Both film thickness and flow test methods were performed in accordance with ISO 6876:2012. Sample of sealers (NeoSealer and EndoSequence BC Sealer) was freshly extruded from new pre-mixed syringe with minimal waste tip. A standardized amount (0.05gm) was used. Samples (n=5 each group, Flow/Film thickness was measured using two glass slides method with at least 40 mm X 40 mm and approximately 5 mm thick, with a mass of approximately 20 gm in a simulated oral condition by means of an incubator (at 37°C/100% humidity). Density of the material was measured using volume/mass formula (d = V /m). Data analysis was performed using Student’s T-Test Results: Both NeoSealer and EndoSequence BC passed minimal requirements in accordance with ISO 6876 standards. Mean film thickness of NeoSealer and EndoSequence BC sealer was 1.842(±0.03) µm and 2.042(±0.02) µm; mean flow of NeoSealer and EndoSequence BC sealer was 23.44(±2.05) mm and 19.582(±1.03) mm.

Conclusion: EndoSequence BC sealer contains Zirconium oxide (>radiopacity), Calcium silicates, Calcium phosphate, Calcium hydroxide, Filler, thickening agents, whereas NeoSealer contains Tantalite (<radiopacity), Tri/Di calcium silicates/ aluminates and calcium sulphate. The difference between these two sealers is the mineral content that is higher in NeoSealer.

Funding: UIC Undergraduate Honors College Grant; Department of Endodontic Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry. IRB/ACC Protocol #: N/A.

2 BTS Undergraduate Session B (5EE-2) NG2/CSPG4 REGULATES THE SUBCHONDRAL MICROARCHITECTURE DURING TMJ HEALTH AND DISEASE Acharya D, Huang CC, Reed DA Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis and Objective: Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is associated with changes in the subchondral bone including osteophytic lipping and sclerosis. NG2/CSPG4 is a transmembrane proteoglycan present in mineralizing tissues and contextually linked with endochondral ossification. We hypothesize that NG2/CSPG4 regulates the architecture, organization, and composition of the subchondral bone during TMJ health and disease.

Methods: OA was induced in skeletally mature 16-week-old male and female in control (c57 BL6/J) and NG2/CSPG4 knockout mice through unilateral partial discectomy. Tissues were collected either 4- or 8-weeks after OA induction along with non-surgical controls, fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde, and μCT scanned at 70 kV at a resolution of 12 μm voxel size. A region of interest (ROI) was contoured that included bone superior to a plane through the medial and lateral condylar poles. The ROI was analyzed using the Trabecular Analysis package (Scanco Medical). Means were compared using a one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey corrections (α = 0.05).

A sample size of 5 was used for all experimental groups.

Results: In control mice, OA is associated with a decrease in bone mineral density and 22

Abstracts bone volume to total volume (p<0.05; n=5) and an increase in trabecular spacing, bone volume, and total volume (p<0.05; n=5). Sex differences were found in bone mineral density and in bone volume to total volume, and trabecular spacing in non-surgical controls, and trabecular thickness in non-surgical controls and OA (p < 0.01; n=5).

NG2/CSPG4 was found significantly increased in trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, and total mineral density and significantly decreased in trabecular number in both non-surgical control and OA samples (p < 0.01; n=5).

Conclusions: These findings illustrate that NG2/CSPG4 alters the organization, composition, and quality of subchondral bone in healthy and OA condyles.

Funding: 1R01DE029835-01. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: ACC #20-068.

3 BTS Undergraduate Session A (5EE-3) DIVERSITY IN PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE REACTIVITY AMONG HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPES

Asif S1, Phan LMU1, Alam S2, Meyers C2, Rong L3, Izaguirre G1 Department of Periodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA 3 Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, UIC College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 1

Hypothesis and Objective: The proteolytic processing of the human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid by proprotein convertases (PCs) is a rate-limiting step for virus entry.

Therefore, any diversity of PC gene expression in keratinocytes at different anatomic sites of HPV infection may selectively influence the entry of HPV types and determine differences in tropism if virus types reacted differently with PCs. PC gene expression in keratinocytes at various anatomic sites and variability in reactivity of HPV types with furin and other PCs was investigated.

Methods: This comparative study used human anatomic-site specific keratinocytes (cervix, anus, gingiva, tonsils, foreskin), and recombinant PCs (furin, PC4, PC5, PACE4, PC7), serpin-based PC-selective inhibitors (a1ORD, a1MDW), and pseudovirions (PsV) of HPV types (6, 16, 18, 31, 45, 52, 58) to describe variability in the proteolytic activation of HPV types.

Results: Keratinocytes’ total PC gene expression narrowly varied among various anatomic sites. The pattern of gene expression of the five PC genes was also similar among sites, with furin being the most expressed PC. Also, PsVs of various mucosal HPV types of high, moderate, and low oncogenic risk reacted significantly different in specificity and selectivity with PCs. HPV16, the most prevalent and carcinogenic HPV type, produced the highest entry values compared to the other HPV types.

Also, HPV16 reacted with PCs with the broadest selectivity and highest specificity as determined by PsV preactivation reactions and inhibition of PsV entry with PC selective inhibitors.

Conclusions: The highest prevalence and cancer risk of HPV16 correlate with this virus having the highest PC reactivity and entry rates. Being furin the most expressed PC and the one HPV16 depends on the most for activation highlights the feasibility of selectively inhibiting furin as a potential therapeutic approach.

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Abstracts Funding: NIAID R21AI151674 (GI). IRB: Penn State University (origin of tissue keratinocytes).

4 BTS Undergraduate Session B (5EE-4) DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT IMPLANT: BASED ON ACOUSTIC EMISSION Eapen JA1, Keaty W2, Sun Y2, Xu C2, Zhang T2, Ozevin D2, Mercuri LG3,4, Mathew MT3,4,5 1 Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, UIC, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Civil, Materials and Environmental Engineering, UIC, Chicago, IL 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, UIC, Chicago, IL 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 5 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis and Objective: Previous studies have emphasized early failures in total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) implant devices, primarily attributed to screws loosening [1]. Drawing inspiration from the successful use of acoustic emission (AE) in detecting early deformation in hip implants [2], we hypothesize that AE can similarly predict failures in TMJ implants, specifically addressing issues like screw loosening and implant degradation.

Methods: Preliminary testing involved experimenting with Acoustic Emission (AE) on a customized TMJ-Skull Masticator. A Ti6Al4V custom TMJ implant from Stryker with eight screws was utilized. In this study, four screws (S1, S2, S7, and S8) were selected based on prior studies, while the remaining screws remained fixed. To simulate different TMJ implant conditions (fully functional, partially functional, and failed), four groups were established: (i) All fixed screws (control group), (ii) loosened S1 and S2 (360°) with fixed S7 and S8, (iii) loosened S7 and S8 (360°) with fixed S1 and S2, and (iv) all three screws loosened. Throughout the experiment, an AE sensor was attached to the mandibular ramus, and the TMJ was controlled to move at 1 Hz with a 5N normal force.

Results: The displacement and force on the TMJ remained constant throughout the experiment which is about 22mm and 5N respectively. AE signals were successfully detected on each screw. Group (i) was the baseline with no peaks observed, (ii) showed higher peaks then compared to the baseline, and (iii) showed higher peaks then compared to the baseline but less than Group (ii), (iv) showed the highest number of peaks at the highest amplitude. Generally, loosened screws demonstrated higher AE amplitudes compared to tightened ones.

Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that tightened screws displayed lower AE amplitudes and peaks than loosened ones, indicating the potential of AE in detecting early failures in TMJ devices.

Funding: UIC Honors College. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: N/A.

5 BTS Undergraduate Session A (5EE-5) MANDIBULAR FIBROCHONDROCYTE PROLIEFERATION IS REGULATED BY PDGF BUT NOT FGF2 24

Abstracts Gabriel S1, Acharya D2, Reed DA2 College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Honors College, UIC, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

1

Hypothesis and Objective: The proliferation of mandibular fibrochondrocytes regulates developmental homeostasis of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC).

Two potent mitogenic factors present in the MCC during development include fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). There is an important gap in knowledge related to if these growth factors are localized with actively proliferating cells and which growth factor has the most potent mitogenic response. We hypothesize that both growth factors will regulate the proliferation of mandibular fibrochondrocytes.

Methods: Determining if proliferating cells are associated with FGF2 and/or PDGF, MCCs from c57 BL6/J mice were collected 3, 7, 10, and 28 days post-natal and immunostained with antibodies against ki67, FGF2, and PDGFbb. For characterizing the mitogenic response of the cell, primary mandibular fibrochondrocytes were isolated from 10-14 day old mice and treated with and without recombinant murine PDGFaa (10 ng/ml PeproTech), PDGFbb(10 ng/ml PeproTech), FGF2 (5 ng/ml PeproTech), or vehicle control for 24 hours. Cells were labeled with Click-iT EdU Cell Proliferation Kit (Thermo). A sample size of 4 biological replicates and 4 technical replicates was collected. Data was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey corrections (α=0.05).

Results: Proliferating cells were restricted to the chondroblastic lineage in all timepoints and are positive for both PDGF and FGF2. Recombinant FGF2 had no significant difference in proliferation rate compared to the vehicle control (p = 0.956, n=4). PDGFaa and PDGFbb were found to significantly increase rates of proliferation (p < 0.001, n=4), with PDGFbb having a significantly higher effect than PDGFaa (p < 0.001, n=4).

Conclusions: PDGFaa and PDGFbb isoforms are both strong candidates for regulating the mitogenic response of mandibular fibrochondrocytes during development.

Future studies will focus on receptors for PDGFs to mechanistically characterize the regulation of proliferation.

Funding: 1R01DE029835-01. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: ACC #20-068.

6 BTS Undergraduate Session B (5EE-6) TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING OF MANDIBULAR FIBROCHONDROCYTE IMMORTALIZATION AND NG2/CSPG4 ECTODOMAIN TRUNCATION 1

Lababidi L1, Wietecha MS2, Reed DA2 College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL 2 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis and Objective: NG2/CSPG4 is a transmembrane proteoglycan implicated in the ossification of the TMJ. To mechanistically study this proteoglycan in vitro, we generated an immortalized cell line from murine mandibular fibrochondrocytes.

25

Abstracts The objective of this study is to characterize and compare the transcriptional profile of this immortalized cell line with primary cells and characterize differences between the targeted deletion of the NG2/CSPG4 ectodomain with full length NG2/CSPG4 knockout cells.

Methods: Primary cells were isolated from mandibular condylar cartilages of 10-14 day old c57 BL6/J or NG2/CSPG4 knockout mice. Immortalized cells were generated by transfection of primary cells with hTERTand selected through single-cell cloning.

NG2/CSPG4 ectodomain truncation was achieved by CRISPR/Cas9, with sgRNA sequences targeting the collagen VI binding sequence for NG2/CSPG4. Bulk RNA sequencing was carried out by LC Sciences (Houston, TX). All bioinformatics were carried out in R (v4.3.1) using the package EdgeR. Differential Gene Expression lists were analyzed for Gene Ontology Enrichment sets using ShinyGO (v0.80).

Results: Immortalization had no significant changes on key relevant biological processes including “cartilage development,” “endochondral ossification,” or “biomineralization.” Significant changes were found in “Apoptotic processes,” consistent with the immortalized phenotype (400 genes; -log10 FDR=25). NG2/ CSPG4 ectodomain truncation yielded significant upregulation of the “ossification” pathway (80 genes; -log10 FDR=15) compared with full length knockout cells.

Conclusions: These data demonstrate that the immortalization of mandibular fibrochondrocytes yielded a cell line that is transcriptionally similar to primary cells and that the truncation of the NG2/CSPG4 ectodomain is implicated in the ossification of the mandibular condylar cartilage. These results pave the way to more thorough and large scale mechanistic in vitro studies of the role of NG2/CSPG4 in TMJ ossification using the immortalized cell line.

Funding: 1R01DE029835-01. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: ACC #20-068.

7 BTS Undergraduate Session A (5EE-7) MECHANISTIC STUDIES OF A CROSSLINKING AGENT THAT INHIBITS STREPTOCOCCAL ATTACHMENT Lingareddygari SK1, Ellepola K2, Pesavento RP2 UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Hypothesis and Objective: Ammonium Zirconium Carbonate (AZC) is a non-toxic, commercially utilized crosslinking agent previously shown to limit in vitro biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans (unpublished data). Its unique chemical properties (e.g., base stability, hydrogel-forming, crosslinking ability) warranted further ex vivo studies utilizing whole human saliva (WHS) and investigations into its mechanism of activity.

Methods: Efficacy Studies: WHS was collected from healthy, adult volunteers and pooled/processed by known methods. Ex vivo attachment assays on a polystyrene (PS) surface were carried out with Green Fluorescent protein expressing S. mutans exposure to AZC in the presence of WHS. Attachment was quantified by both fluorescence (excitation: 485 nm and emission: 528 nm) and optical density (OD600).

Mechanism studies: S. mutans planktonic cells were treated with AZC and in buffered 26

Abstracts media and imaged via Scanning Electron Microscopy by known methodology. Further, planktonic cells were treated with i) pronase at neutral pH and ii) various electrophilic agents according to known procedures prior to treatment with AZC to investigate potential binding sites.

Results: AZC significantly reduced the attachment (>60%) of S. mutans under conditions mimicking the oral cavity (i.e., in WHS presence). AZC exposed S. mutans cells demonstrated discrete “sedimentation sites” that may point to a specific mode of binding to the cell surface. Pronase treated planktonic cells showed a significant reduction in the sedimentation rate compared to the non-pronase treated cells.

Conclusions: AZC is effective at reducing attachment of S. mutans in WHS and preliminary data suggests cellular clustering (or agglutination) is induced via “sedimentation sites” on the cell surface that are tied to a surface protein-based mechanism that is still under investigation.

Funding: N/A. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2022-0927.

8 BTS Undergraduate Session B (5EE-8) THE ROLE OF C5L2 IN ODONTOBLASTIC DIFFERENTIAION OF DPSC Remiasz AM1, Irfan M2, Chung S2 UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Hypothesis and Objective: DPSCs broadly recognized as stem cells with the most potential for tooth regeneration as they differentiate into osteoblasts, odontoblasts and chondrocytes and also, play an important role in pulp revascularization. The role of C5aR1 in tooth regeneration and DPSC-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulation is known. Another C5a-like receptor 2 (C5aR2; also known as C5L2) has been cloned and is still considered as a controversial and dubious receptor, and is known to work against C5aR1, has limited available information. Here, we seek to identify the comprehensive role of C5L2 on the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs and its mineralization using permanent C5L2 CRISPR / Cas9 Knock-out (KO).

Methods: We investigated the role of a second and controversial C5a receptor, C5L2 in this process and explored the underlying mechanism. Human DPSCs were examined during 7, 10, and 14-day odontogenic differentiation treated with TNFα, C5L2 CRISPR, and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) antagonist (Cyclotraxin B; CTX-B) and data were obtained using immunocytochemistry, qPCR and Alizarin Red stating (ARS).

Results: Our data demonstrate that C5L2 CRISPR KO enhances mineralization in TNFα-stimulated differentiating DPSCs. C5L2 KO groups showed more mineralization compared to the control differentiated group. While stimulation with TNFα, differentiating DPSCs secreted more minerals than the control and alone C5L2 KO groups. ARS shows that C5L2 KO group (p < 0.05) and TNFα group (p < 0.05) show more mineralization matrix than the control while their combined effect drastically enhanced mineralization phenotype.

Conclusions: Our data suggest a regulatory role of C5L2 and TrkB in the TNFαinduced odontogenic DPSCs differentiation Funding: NIH/NIDCR Grant: R01 DE029816– SC. 27

Abstracts 9 BTS Resident Session A (5EE-9) BONE CHARACTERIZATION IN A NOVEL DICER-DEFICIENCY OSTEOCYTE TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL

Karkazis EM1, Viana G1, Nicholas CL1, Oubaidin M1, Reed DA2, Atsawasuwan P1 1 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Hypothesis: There are differences in femoral and calvarial bone phenotypes at macroscopic and microscopic levels in both trabecular and cortical bones, between Dicer deficiency mice driven under Sost promoter (Dicer/SostKO) versus their control mice: Dicer flox and Sostcre transgenic mice. To compare the femoral and calvarial bone phenotypes of the Dicer/SostKO mice with their age- and sex-matched control mice groups.

Methods: The bone specimens from Dicer/SostKO and their controls were subjected to microcomputed tomography, histomorphology, and 3D morphometric analyses to compare micro and macroscopic differences amongst groups. Appropriate statistical analyses were used at a significance level of 0.05.

Results: The Dicer/SostKO group showed lower bone volume fraction, thickness and mineral density of both trabecular and cortical bones and increased trabecular separation and porosity of calvarial and femoral bones compared to the control groups. The posterior frontal suture was underdeveloped in the Dicer/SostKO group.

Microscopically, the Dicer/SostKO group exhibited thinner cortical and trabecular bones compared to the control groups. The more mature the animals were, the more differences were exhibited in the Dicer/SostKO group compared to the control groups.

3D morphometric analysis confirmed the findings of macro and microscopic studies in both males and females.

Conclusions: Lack of Dicer, an endoribonuclease responsible for functional miRNA biogenesis in late-stage osteocytes, led to dysmorphic femoral and calvarial bone phenotypes. The defective process started at an early age and demonstrated more severe phenotypes with increasing age.

Funding: American Association of Orthodontists Foundation.

ACC Protocol #: ACC 22-197.

10 BTS Dental Student Session B (5EE-10) BDNF CONTROLS DSPP AND DMP-1 EXPRESSION ON DPSC Chong K1, Kim JH1, Irfan M1, Hong J2, Chung S1 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL

1

Hypothesis and Objective: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a nerve growth factor-related gene family molecule which functions through tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). While the roles of BDNF in neural tissue repair and other regeneration processes are well identified, its role in dentinogenesis has not been explored. The objective of this research is to identify the effect of BDNF and TrkB regulation in dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) odontoblastic differentiation in vitro.

28

Abstracts Methods: The role of BDNF/TrkB was examined during a 17-day odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Human DPSCs were subjected to odontogenic differentiation in dentinogenic media treated with BDNF, and a TrkB agonist (LM22A-4) and/or TrkB antagonist (CTX-B).

Results: Our data show that BDNF and TrkB receptors affect the early and late stages of the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Immunofluorescent data confirmed the expression of BDNF and TrkB in DPSCs. Our ELISA and qPCR data demonstrate that BDNF and LM22A-4 treatment increased the expression of dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) during early DPSC odontoblastic differentiation. The application of CTX-B reversed this effect. Further, Alizarin Red Staining (ARS) analyzed the mineralization matrix formation by DPSCs in their surrounding microenvironment during odontogenic differentiation. Results show that the mineralization activity of DPSCs were remarkably enhanced by LM22A-4 and BDNF. Also, meaningful differences were observed between treatments of LM22A-4 or CTX-B. Conclusions: Our studies provide the role of BDNF-TrkB in the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs. This finding will address a novel regulatory pathway and a therapeutic approach in dentin regeneration.

Funding: R01 DE029816.

11 BTS Resident Session A (5EE-11) MUTATIONS IN THE GENE ENCODING OGFRL1 CAUSE AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE CHERUBISM Levitan M1, Mizuno N4, Morino H5, Yoshimoto T2,3, Zhu T3, Liu S6, Wang Z7, Mayahara K8, Lio K8, Kondo K8, Kondo T8, Hayashi T8, Coghlan S2,3, Teno Y2,3, Doan AAP2,3, Choi RB9, Matsuda S4, Ouhara K4, Wan J6, Cassidy AM10, Pelletier S10, Robling AG9, Ono M7, Kawakami H11, Reichenberger E12, Ueki Y2,3, Kittaka M2,3 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, IU SOD, Indianapolis, IN 4 Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan 5 Department of Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan 6 IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 7 Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan 8 Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC, School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO 9 Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 10 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 11 Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine,

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Abstracts Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Farmington, CT

12

Hypothesis and Objective: Cherubism is a rare craniofacial disorder in children characterized by destructive jawbone expansion due to the growth of inflammatory fibrous lesions. Our previous studies have shown that gain-of-function mutations in SH3 domain-binding protein 2 (SH3BP2) are responsible for cherubism and that a knock-in mouse model for cherubism recapitulates the features of cherubism, such as increased osteoclast formation and jawbone destruction. To date, SH3BP2 is the only gene identified to be responsible for cherubism. Since not all patients clinically diagnosed with cherubism have mutations in SH3BP2, we hypothesized that there may be novel cherubism genes that may play a role in jawbone homeostasis.

Methods: Using whole exome sequencing, we identified the opioid growth factor receptor like 1 (OGFRL1) as a second gene responsible for cherubism in families with autosomal recessive cherubism from Syria and India. The newly identified homozygous OGFRL1 variants were loss-of-function mutations not reported in any exome database. OGFRL1 is an orphan receptor that has homology with the opioid growth factor receptor (OGFR). Single cell analysis of mouse jawbone tissue revealed that Ogfrl1 is highly expressed in myeloid lineage cells. We generated OGFRL1 knockout mice and mice carrying the Syrian frameshift mutation to understand the in vivo role of OGFRL1.

Results: Neither mouse model recapitulated human cherubism or the phenotypes exhibited by SH3BP2 cherubism mice under physiological and periodontitis conditions. Unlike bone marrow-derived M-CSF-dependent macrophages (BMMs) carrying the SH3BP2 cherubism mutation, BMMs lacking OGFRL1 or carrying the Syrian mutation showed no differences in TNF-ɑ mRNA induction by LPS or TNF-ɑ or in osteoclast formation induced by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL).

Conclusions: These results suggest that the loss-of-function effects of OGFRL1 in humans differ from those in mice and highlight the fact that mice are not always an ideal model for studying rare craniofacial disorders.

Funding: R21DE030561, R01DE025870, R01DE025870-06S1, R01DE032036-01A1.

IACUC Animal Protocol Number #: 21088 SD/R/HZ/E/AR.

12 BTS Dental Student Session B (5EE-12) DYSMORPHIC CRANIAL PHENOTYPES OF DICER DEFICIENT MICE UNDER SCLEROSTIN PROMOTOR Lown SA, Karkazis EM, Chen Z, Viana G, Nicholas CL, Atsawasuwan P Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago IL

Hypothesis and Objective: There are differences in cranial phenotypes between Dicer deficiency mice driven under Sost promoter (Dicer/SostKO) versus their control groups, Dicer flox and Sostcre transgenic mice. To compare the cranial bone phenotypes of the Dicer/SostKO mice with their age- and sex-matched control mice groups.

30

Abstracts Methods: A total of 30 cranial bone specimens from 8-week-old Dicer/SostKO mice and their controls were subjected to 3D morphometric analyses to compare their anatomy amongst groups. Eleven bone parameters were evaluated. ANOVA and t-test statistical analyses were used at a significance level of 0.05.

Results: Male Dicer/SostKO group were significantly smaller in all dimensions of cranial bones compared to male Sostcre while male Dicer flox exhibited smaller dimensions in only 10 out of 11 parameters compared to male Sostcre group. No significant findings were found in females.

Conclusions: Lack of Dicer, an endoribonuclease responsible for functional miRNA biogenesis in late-stage osteocytes, led to dysmorphic cranial bone phenotypes. There is sexual dimorphism in the phenotypes of Sostcre, but not Dicer flox and Dicer/ SostKO groups.

Funding: Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry. ACC Protocol #: ACC 22-197.

13 BTS Resident Session A (5EE-13) EXPLORING PERIODONTITIS-ASSOCIATED FIBROBLAST INTERACTIONS VIA SINGLE-CELL RNA SEQUENCING Shehab OI1, Wietecha MS2 Department of Periodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Hypothesis and Objective: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by many dysregulated cell types, resulting in the progressive destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) making up the tooth-supporting apparatus. The purpose of this study was to utilize single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile gene expression patterns from gingival tissues affected by periodontitis, and to analyze the interactions between fibroblasts, which remodel the ECM, and other cell types at the single-cell level. Our hypothesis is that periodontitis induces significant transcriptional changes in fibroblasts resulting in dysregulated interactions between fibroblasts and other cell types.

Methods: Two scRNA-seq datasets of human periodontitis samples were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (GSE171213, GSE164241). They were re-analyzed using RStudio and R packages Seurat and CellChat. We identified specific cell types, including fibroblasts and epithelial, endothelial, and immune cells, and their unique gene expression patterns in both diseased and healthy states. We utilized CellChat to decode complex intercellular communication pathways, focusing on the ligand-receptor interactions involving fibroblasts with other cell types.

Results: Fibroblasts presented with the highest outgoing interaction strength compared to all other cell types. They were highly active within the context of periodontal disease, especially in their signaling toward epithelial, endothelial, and immune cells. Specific ECM molecules, such as specialized collagen subtypes (COL4A1/2, COL6A1/3) and the provisional ECM molecule fibronectin (FN1), were most highly upregulated in periodontitis-associated fibroblasts compared to fibroblasts in healthy 31

Abstracts tissues, with a parallel upregulation of receptor CD44 in all target cells.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate an upregulation of fibroblast-mediated ECM signaling in periodontitis, and we identified unique ECM molecules that are known to be important in inflammatory and fibrotic processes. These results pave the way for mechanistic studies exploring the role of periodontitis-associated fibroblasts in disease progression.

Funding: Department of Oral Biology. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: N/A.

14 BTS Dental Student Session B (5EE-14) GINGIVAL PROFILING IDENTIFIES MIR-451 AS A REGULATOR OF PERIODONTAL IMMUNITY

Maddalozzo JR1, Naqvi RA1, Capistrano K1, Zhang S2, Pettiette M3, Moretti A4, Nares S1, Naqvi A1 1 Department of Periodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 3Department of Endodontics, VCU School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA 4 Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC Objectives: Periodontitis (PD) is a microbial-induced, chronic inflammatory disease characterized by an overt immune activity leading to alveolar bone loss. While significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms associated with periodontal inflammation, very little is known regarding the epigenetic pathways in the pathobiology of PD. Here we aim to identify PD-associated microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs, that may regulate periodontal immunity.

Methods: In this split-mouth study, participants with chronic periodontitis (CP; n=8) had 1-2 mm2 of soft tissue sample removed from the tooth with >4 mm pocket depth.

From the same participants, a second sample of the identical size gingival biopsy was collected from a clinically healthy site (n=9). Total RNA isolated from the samples was examined for miRNA profiles using miRNA microarray. Expression of miRNAs was quantified by RT-qPCR. Global pathway and gene target analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA). Macrophages were transfected with miR-451 or control mimics and the impact on polarization markers and bacterial phagocytosis was assessed by flow cytometry and florescence imaging.

Results: Inflamed gingival profiles identified eighty-five differentially expressed miRNAs (64 up- and 21 down-regulated; Fold change: -1.5 to 1.5; p<0.05) compared to healthy tissue. Dysregulated miRNAs in PD target genes involved in various biological pathways including JAK/STAT and p38 MAPK signaling suggesting their role in inflammation and immunity. In both pathways, multiple genes were targeted by an upregulated miR-451, a previously uncharacterized miRNA in PD pathobiology.

Overexpression of miR-451 skewed macrophage towards pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype by suppressing M2 maker (CD206) and upregulating M1 marker (HLADR) indicating a pro-inflammatory role of miR-451 in PD. Importantly, miR-451 transfected macrophages challenged with rhodamine-conjugated E. coli exhibit attenuated phagocytosis suggesting impaired bacterial uptake and clearance.

Conclusion: Inflamed gingiva display dysregulated miRNA profiles including 32

Abstracts induction of miR-451, which may impair macrophage plasticity and innate immune function.

NIH/NIDCR: R01 DE027980, R21 DE026259, R03 DE027147, and R01EY033622-01. IRB Number: #13–1279.

15 BTS Resident Session A (5EE-15) MANDIBULAR CONDYLE SHAPE CHANGES FOLLOWING UNILATERAL PARTIAL DISCETOMY IN MICE Skabelund Z1, Acharya D2, Reed DA2, Nicholas CL1 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

1

Hypothesis and Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint manifests as bony remodeling, sclerosis, and cartilage degeneration, leading to joint immobility and pain. The most promising diagnostic marker for TMJ OA is morphological changes in the mandibular condyle, e.g., condylar flattening, osteophytic lipping, and bony erosion. In mice, performing unilateral partial discectomy induces TMJ osteoarthritic changes which provides a model to better understand the processes leading to the progression of TMJ OA. The objective of this study is to determine if the bony remodeling that occurs during OA progression changes the shape of the mandibular condyle.

Methods: Unilateral partial discectomies were performed on skeletally mature male and female c57 BL6/J mice. Four-weeks after OA induction, the heads were fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde, μCT scanned. The condyles were segmented and landmarked. Landmark coordinates were superimposed using a Procrustes alignment and shape characterized using a principal components analysis (PCA).

Results: The PCA yielded 27 PCs, with the first five chosen for further analysis based on accounting for >5% of the entire variation. Only PC1 showed a statistically significantly different difference in shape (p<0.001) between non-surgical controls and the osteoarthritis group. With higher PC1 scores, the osteoarthritis group had condylar heads that were much wider in the mediolateral dimension and flatter in the superoinferior dimension. The difference was so striking that there was no overlap between the scores of the two groups. There were no significant differences found for sex.

Conclusions: Contrary to expectations, there were no sex differences in the shape of the condyle in the osteoarthritis group. These results support prior work, and emphasize how rapidly dramatic remodeling affects not only the subchondral architecture but also the shape of the condyle.

Funding: 1R01DE029835-01 and the OMS Foundation Research Support Grant.

ACC Number: #20-068.

16 CTS Undergraduate Session B (5EE-16) BMS AND GLOSSITIS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH EPILEPSY, GLAUCOMA, AND CALCIUM DRUG Abo J1, Sandoval A2, Miloro MB2, Sahni J2, Schwartz JL2

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Abstracts Department of Biological Sciences, UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

1

Hypothesis and Objective: Patients presenting with vascular/neural -cerebrovascular disorders such as, epilepsy and glaucoma are possible candidates for calcium regulatory medications increasing risk for clinical signs and symptoms of possible oral calcium responsive neurologic burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and glossitis (GL).

Methods: 14,865 cases were reviewed which included 4,628 tongue disorder related cases, and 6, 844 cases identified with calcium drug treatment recorded in AxiUm. A key word search provided a cross sectional analysis for twenty different calcium related medications (Ca), seven common tongue disorders (e.g., BMS, GL), and nine common vascular problems (VAS: bone + cerebrovascular (CBV) conditions).

Tongue disorder (T), VAS disorders, and drug use groups (Ca): (1) T + Ca; (2) VAS + drug; (3) T + VAS +Ca; (4) Only T disorder; (5) Only VAS; (6) Only Ca use. Gender, age, and race were additional variables considered. Statistical analysis uses ANOVA multivariant analysis at determination of odd ratio, significant p-value (<0.0001) at 95% confidence interval (Cl).

Results: Among the tongue disorders, BMS and glossitis presence recorded as statistically significant (P<0.001; OR: 0.3695; CI: 0.3403-0.4011). In addition, we unexpectedly recorded a high statistical probability for epilepsy and glaucoma (p<0.0001; OR: 0.7163; CI: 0.6401-0.8015); when we associated use of a calcium dependent medication (p<0.0001; OR: 0.2923, CI: 0.2179-0.3921). Combining statistical association analysis: BMS, GL; presence of epilepsy and glaucoma and record of identical calcium related drug use was statistically significant (P<0.0001; OR: 0.7494; CI: 0.6709-0.8371) with F>M >50yr. old and white > others and amlodipine (>70%) administered.

Conclusions: BMS and glossitis require additional study into their relationship to cerebrovascular disorders and the use of calcium related drug medications. For current patients presenting with these conditions a more complete history addressing these associations should be undertaken.

Funding: N/A. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-1029.

17 CTS Undergraduate Session A (5EE-17) EFFECT OF SHELF-LIFE ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ENDOSEQUENCE BIOCERAMIC SEALER Alshboul FA1, Alapati SB2 UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Hypothesis and Objective: EndoSequence (Brasseler) root canal sealer (ESBC-RCS) is a pre-mixed calcium silicate-based sealer with hydrophilic properties. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of shelf-life of ESBC-RCS on flow, film thickness and setting time. Hypothesis: There are no differences in flow and film 34

Abstracts thickness and setting time between expired and new ESBC-RCS. Methods: Experiments were performed in accordance with ISO6876:2012 test methods using new (control) and expired (experimental) dates of ESBC-RCS. For setting time, samples (n=5/ 0.05gm/control/experimental) were dispensed using minimal waste tips into plaster molds (10x2mm) and placed in an incubator set at 37°C and 100% humidity. A Gillmore apparatus was used to determine initial and effective setting time. For flow and film thickness, samples (n=5 each, control/experimental) were measured using glass plates method in simulated oral conditions using an incubator (at 37°C/100% humidity). Data analysis was performed using Student’s T-Test.

Results: The mean flow of experimental and control ESBC-RCS was 18.058(±0.51) mm and 19.582(±1.03) mm respectively. The mean film thickness of experimental and control ESBC-RCS was 2.078 (±0.03) µm and 2.042(±0.02) µm. Initial and final setting time for experimental and control ESBC-RCS was 510(±36)/893(±46) mins and 570(±41)/930(±32) mins respectively.

Conclusions: The expired date ESBC-RCS sealer had somewhat lower flow ability than the new ESBC-RCS sealer. However, the results from this study suggest that expiration dates of ESBC-RCS have no statistically significant effect on both flow and film thickness assessment. Additionally, there is no difference in initial and final setting time. Pre-mixed BC sealers should be properly capped and stored in airtight pouches to prevent phase separation and drying of the material which could diminish its inherent physical properties.

Funding: Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: N/A.

18 CTS Undergraduate Session B (5EE-18) CORRELATION BETWEEN ORAL HEALTH AND ANXIETY POSTCOVID-19 Assaf ZS1, Schwartz JL2 UIC Honors College and College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

1

Hypothesis and Objective: The objective is to find the effect COVID-19 had on the correlation between oral health and anxiety. The study hypothesizes that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased levels of anxiety and depression, which in turn have adversely affected oral health.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional survey research method, gathering data from a diverse set of respondents on demographics, oral health, and anxiety before and after COVID-19. Utilizing structured survey questions, the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) assessed oral health, while the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) gauged anxiety levels. This approach facilitated a comprehensive analysis of the correlation the pandemic had with oral and mental health across various demographics.

Results: The study indicates a significant decline in oral health and increased anxiety 35

Abstracts levels post-COVID-19. Before the pandemic, most participants adhered to regular oral health practices, but afterwards, there was a noticeable drop in positive oral health ratings, with good oral health falling from 52.44% to 50.67%. Concurrently, anxiety levels increased, especially in the 'fairly anxious' category. Chi-Square test results confirm these changes as statistically significant, with P-values emphasizing a strong link between the pandemic's psychological impact and oral-health deterioration (Oral Health - Female: 0.036, Male: 0.019, Overall: 0.002; Mental Health - Female: 0.043, Male: 0.009, Overall: 0.0001).

Conclusion: COVID-19 significantly impacted health behaviors, notably oral health and mental well-being. Decline in oral health and increased anxiety suggest pandemic stress led to deprioritizing oral health due to heightened anxiety and changed behaviors. This highlights the need for integrated mental and oral healthcare in crises.

The study calls for increased awareness and proactive measures to maintain oral health in challenging times and underscores the importance of comprehensive health education and support systems in global health emergencies.

Funding: UIC LASURI scholar grant. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-0947.

19 CTS Undergraduate Session A (5EE-19) ANALYSIS OF FILM THICKNESS AND FLOW PROPERTIES OF GUTTAFLOW® BIOSEAL Baste YK1, Alapati SB2 UIC Honors College and College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Endodontic Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Hypothesis and Objective: The key constituents of a root canal sealer dictate the physical-chemical properties such as viscosity, wettability, filler particle size, and active components. GuttaFlow® bioseal (Coltene/Whaledent) is an advanced root canal sealer that provides bioactive properties upon contact with fluids initiating repair/ sealing process from calcium and silicate components. Additionally, it is known to activate biochemical processes facilitating apical healing with hydroxyapatite crystal formation. The objective of this research is to measure flow and film thickness of Guttaflow® bioseal to meet minimum requirements of ISO 6876 standard for root canal sealing materials. Hypothesis: GuttaFlow® bioseal does not meet minimum requirements of ISO 6876 for Flow (>17mm) and Film thickness (<50 μm).

Methods: Both film thickness and flow test methods were performed in accordance with ISO 6876:2012. Sample of sealer was freshly extruded from new GuttaFlow bioseal tube with self-mix tip. A standardized amount (0.05gm) was used. Samples (n=5 each, Flow/Film thickness) were using two glass slide method with at least 40 mm X 40 mm and approximately 5 mm thick, with a mass of approximately 20 gm in simulated oral conditions by means of an incubator (at 37°C/100% humidity). Density of the material was measured using volume/mass formula (d = V /m). Data analysis was performed using Student’s T-Test Results: The GuttaFlow® bioseal sealer had a density of 0.92 g/mL. The mean flow of sealer was 16.85 (±1.81) mm, mean film thickness was 180 (±0.08) μm.

Conclusions: GuttaFlow® bioseal has thixotropic property, which relates to lower 36

Abstracts viscosity under pressure facilitating flow into smallest canals. The ISO 6876 for root canal sealers standard for flow should have a diameter > 17 mm for 0.05ml under 120gm, GuttaFlow® bioseal passed the requirement, and for film thickness (<50 μm; 15N). GuttaFlow® bioseal failed to meet minimum requirements.

Funding: UIC Undergraduate Honors College Grant; Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry. IRB/ACC Protocol #: N/A.

20 CTS Undergraduate Session B (5EE-20) VALIDATION OF CHILD PLAQUE MICROBIOME DATA COLLECTED IN COMMUNITY SETTING

Fine MW1, Lee HH2, Avenetti DM3, Vargas V4, Sandoval A4, Martin M4,5, Adami GR1 1 Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Anesthesiology, UIC College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 3 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 4 UIC Institute for Health Research and Policy, Chicago, IL 5 Department of Pediatrics, UIC College of Medicine, Chicago, IL Hypothesis and Objective: Low-income, urban children in the United States have high rates of caries caused in part by plaque bacteria. This presentation will describe the field collection and validation of plaque samples collected for microbiome analysis.

Methods: From 8/22/2022 – 6/5/2023, non-clinical research assistants collected plaque samples from 124 Chicago area children and 46 caregivers in their homes. Other data collected included demographics, oral health behaviors, and plaque images. Plaque score used the Oral Hygiene Index - Maxillary Incisor Scale scores (0=no plaque; 3=high plaque) from disclosed images of teeth. Plaque DNA was isolated, and taxa were identified with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V3 region.

Results: Of the 124 children, 67 were female and 57 were male, with ages from 3.0 to 7.2 years (median 5.2 years). 50.8% identified as Black/African American, 23.4% identified as Hispanic, and 25.8% identified as other. When comparing children to caregivers, the age group was associated with a large fraction of the variance (8.0% at p<0.001) of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity over the population. Having a caregiverchild relationship showed a lower association (1.1% at p<0.045) of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. DESeq2 analysis revealed participants with lowest amounts of plaque showed higher levels of g__Rothia.s__aeria. MaAsLin2 analysis revealed 3 significant taxa differences in plaque scores, including g__Leptotrichia.s__sp._HMT_219, g__Capnocytophaga.s__leadbetteri, g__Absconditabacteria. Gender specific analysis revealed differences in g__Kingella.s__oralis.

Conclusions: Taxa differences were consistent with earlier reports, suggesting that collection of plaque microbiome data by non-clinicians in the field is feasible. This offers an opportunity to expand our understanding of how the oral health microbiome influences caries development in high-risk children. The long-term goal is to look at plaque bacteria and risk for future decay.

Funding: 5U01DE030067-02. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2021-1295.

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Abstracts 21 CTS Undergraduate Session A (5EE-21) ANTI-CARIES PROPERTY OF SILVER-DIAMINE FLUORIDE AND ITS COMBINATION WITH POTASSIUM-IODIDE Patel P1, Trivedi R2, Rodriguez A2, Semprum A2, Zamperini CA2 UIC Honors College and College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the in vitro anti-caries property of 38% silver-diamine fluoride (38% SDF) and its combination with potassium-iodide (38% SDF+KI).

Hypothesis: The tested hypothesis is whether 38% SDF and 38% SDF+KI will have comparable effects against in vitro progression of chemically induced root caries (RC) lesions.

Methods: Human root dentin specimens (~1×4×4 mm; n=10) were partially covered by nail polish except for a central area (~3×3 mm) where RC were created using a demineralization solution (2.2 mM CaCl2 × 2H2O, 2.2 mM KH2PO4, 50 mM acetate, pH 4.6) for 6 days at 37°C. RC lesions were treated with one of the following treatments: 38% SDF (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care, West Palm Beach, FL, USA); 38% SDF+KI (Riva Star, SDI, Victoria, Australia); no treatment (negative control). After treatments, specimens were submitted to 6 pH-cyclings performed daily using acidic (pH 5.0) and neutral buffers (pH 7.0) for 8 days with no source of fluoride to simulate a cariogenic diet. The anti-caries effect of treatments was evaluated by mineral density using microcomputed tomography.

Results: There were statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) of mineral densities among all treatments, as showed by Analysis of Variance (α=0.05) and Scheffe test.

Caries progression was significantly more evident for the control group (629 mmHA/ cm3) when compared to 38% SDF (1336 mmHA/cm3) and 38% SDF+KI (901 mmHA/cm3). RC lesions treated with 38% SDF exhibited significantly higher mineral density (p≤0.05) than RC lesions treated with 38% SDF+KI. Conclusions: 38% SDF exhibited superior anti-caries protection than 38% SDF+KI against in vitro RC progression.

Funding: UIC College of Dentistry, Nakao Aging Population Funds; and KL2 (CATS) Scholars Program 2022 (NIH UL 1TR002003). IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: UIC IRB: 2020-1557.

5TH FLOOR EAST HALL WEST WALL

22 BTS Undergraduate Session C (5EW-1) INTEGRATING ALGORITHMIC DEVELOPMENT TO RESEARCH RECRUITMENT: BUILDING A NEW SYSTEM Rezania R1, Javid M1, Ricke WA1, Sukotjo C2 Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

38

Abstracts Hypothesis and Objective: Current systems for research recruitment are ineffective and time-consuming. The integration of algorithms and machine learning with a new website-based approach can be tested as an improved system with the creation of a prototype version. The objective of the study is to describe the development process and goals of urSearch, and to get spontaneous feedback for potential collaboration at UIC. Methods: A team with user interface (UI) design, frontend and backend capabilities was assembled. Figma and Adobe XD were used to design wireframes to guide the frontend built through React. The backend code was implemented within the Django platform, incorporating extensive research on best suited data structures and algorithms for the implementation of the most crucial algorithmic functions.

Results: A static prototype based on user feedback was completed on Figma. The static prototype mimics key algorithmic functionalities such as resume extraction, profile generation, and position match percentage points.

Conclusions: The prototype visualized core concepts of urSearch making it easier to gather feedback through demonstration. The static prototype significantly eased the development of frontend hydration for dry wireframes, streamlining the creation of a dynamic prototype for beta-testing. Further studies on faculty and student perceptions of urSearch at UIC COD is required. Experiments to gather user feedback of a live version will require a population of interest for beta-testing.

Funding: N/A. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: N/A.

23 BTS Dual Doctoral Student Session D (5EW-2) NG2/CSPG4 REGULATES ENDOCHONDRAL MEDIATED MANDIBULAR FRACTURE HEALING AND BONE QUALITY

Banks JM, Bagheri-Varzaneh M, Chaudhry MF, Acharya D, George A, Reed DA Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Hypothesis and Objective: Unstable mandibular fractures cause limited mobility and diminished quality of life, yet their prevalence increases annually. These unstable fractures heal via endochondral ossification, beginning with the migration of osteochondral progenitor cells from the periosteum to the fracture site. There, they undergo transcriptionally-regulated differentiation into chondrocytes and ultimately osteocytes. Neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2/CSPG4) is a transmembrane proteoglycan and type VI collagen receptor that has been contextually linked to ossification, chondrocyte differentiation, and mechanical loading. However, the role of NG2/CSPG4 in endochondral-mediated fracture healing has yet to be resolved.

We hypothesize that mechanical loading-dependent NG2/CSPG4 signaling regulates osteochondral progenitor cell differentiation and fracture healing in the mandible.

Methods: To induce an unstable fracture, skeletally mature C57BL/6J wildtype (WT) and NG2/CSPG4 knockout (NG2ko) male mice underwent surgical osteotomies on the mandibular condylar neck. Fracture calluses were collected 7- and 21-days post-osteotomy and analyzed using histology (safranin-o/fast green), immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, bulk Poly(A) RNA-Sequencing, and μCT scanning.

Bulk RNAseq data was bioinformatically analyzed for significant gene ontology terms 39

Abstracts using ShinyGO v0.76.2, and μCT scans were characterized using trabecular bone analysis.

Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed NG2/CSPG4 is localized to cartilage-fated, SOX9-positive fracture callus cells. NG2ko tissues exhibited significantly elevated expression of key mineralization markers BMP2 and DMP1, as evidenced by RTqPCR (p-value<0.05; n=4/genotype). Bulk RNAseq analysis yielded 50 differentially expressed genes involved in ossification (p-value<1E-9; n=4/genotype). NG2ko mice exhibited significant changes in bone properties, including reduced trabecular thickness (p-value<0.05; n=5/genotype), and nonsignificant decreases in bone and trabecular density (p-value=0.059, p-value=0.062) and bone volume (p-value=0.166).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that NG2/CSPG4 transcriptionally regulates endochondral ossification in unstable mandibular fractures, as evidenced by upregulated mineralization genes, NG2/CSPG4 immunopositive cells in the fracture callus cartilage, and decreases in bone quality measurements.

Funding: F30 DE033287 (JB), R01 DE029835 (DR). ACC Protocol #: 21-076.

24 BTS Undergraduate Session C (5EW-3) TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS OF DPP STIMULATED DPSCS Torres I1, Chen Y2, Villani C2, George A2 UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Hypothesis/Objective: Dentin phosphophoryn (DPP) is an abundant non-collagenous protein found in the dentin matrix that functions both as a structural and signaling molecule. Interleukins are a family of signaling molecules present during inflammation that aid in coordinating immune cell responses. In this study we focus on the signaling pathways activated in DPSCs treated with DPP to elucidate potential associations with cellular immune responses. Understanding the cytokines associated with inflammation altered by DPP stimulation in DPSCs may have implications in tissue repair and regeneration.

Methods: DPSCs were cultured under differentiation conditions for 24 hr with or without DPP stimulation. Total RNA was isolated for bulk RNA sequencing.

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined using edgeR in R. Pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs with a p-value < 0.05 was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Qiagen’s IPA software was used to visualize downstream effects of DEGs on canonical signaling networks. Differentially expressed genes were validated using qRT-PCR. Results: IPA analysis demonstrated canonical pathways for JAK/STAT signaling, Th1/ Th2 activation, and IL-6, IL-9 and IL-20 signaling cascades. DAVID pathway analysis indicated enrichment of STAT3, TGFB1, and SOCS2.

Conclusions: Pathway analysis indicates that DPP may alter inflammatory signaling cascades and subsequent immune responses in DPSCs that could impact differentiation potential. Further study on the mechanistic role of DPP in inflammatory processes could identify alternative regenerative treatments.

Funding: DE031737 and the Brodie Endowment Fund. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: N/A. 40

Abstracts 25 BTS DUAL Doctoral Student Session D (5EW-4) MICROFIBRIL-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 5 AND THE REGULATION OF SKIN SCAR FORMATION Han C1, Yuan H1, Sayeed H1, Konanur A1, Yang A1, Chen L1, Koh TJ1,2, Mecham RP3, DiPietro LA1 1 Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, UIC College of Applied Health Sciences, Chicago, IL 3 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO

Hypothesis and Objective: Our lab has shown that Microfibril-Associated Protein 5 (MFAP5) is upregulated during skin wound healing and modulates fibroblast phenotype. MFAP5, an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, is associated with cancer fibrosis and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to use MFAP5 deficient (Mfap5-/-) mice to investigate MFAP5’s role in wound healing and influence on fibroblast transcriptome and function.

Methods: Full-thickness excisional wounds were made on dorsal skin of Mfap5/-and C57BL/6J control wildtype (WT, Mfap5+/+) mice. External wound closure was assessed. Wound tissue was collected for analysis throughout healing. Wound angiogenesis and inflammatory cell content were assessed by immunofluorescent staining of CD31 or Ly6G and CD68. Collagen deposition and maturity were assessed

by Masson’s Trichrome and Herovici staining. Skin fibroblasts were isolated from neonatal Mfap5+/+and Mfap5-/- mice and underwent RNA-sequencing. Significantly downregulated genes (padj<0.05) in Mfap5-/- versus WT Mfap5+/+ fibroblasts underwent gene ontology enrichment analysis for biological processes (BP). Fibroblast migration, contractility, and proliferation were assessed. To assess ECM composition changes, Mfap5+/+ and Mfap5-/- fibroblasts were grown to confluency, treated with ascorbic acid, and stained for COL1A2.

Results: Compared to WT Mfap5+/+ mice, Mfap5-/- mice had significantly reduced rates of skin wound closure and angiogenesis with enhanced inflammatory cell content (p<0.05). Collagen deposition was significantly reduced in normal skin (NS) and 21-day old wounds in Mfap5-/- mice versus WT. Collagen maturity was significantly decreased only in NS of Mfap5-/- mice versus WT (p<0.05). RNA-sequencing of Mfap5-/- fibroblasts revealed downregulated BP relating to migration, proliferation, and ECM organization. Mfap5-/- fibroblasts exhibited significantly reduced migration, contractility, proliferation, and COL1A2 deposition (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that MFAP5 is important for wound closure, angiogenesis, inflammation, and ECM deposition and organization. Furthermore, MFAP5 regulates fibroblast characteristics important for scarring.

Funding: R01 GM050875, R35 GM139603, F31 AR082287. ACC Protocol #: 23155.

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Abstracts 26 BTS Undergraduate Session C (5EW-5) DOWNREGULATION OF PC GENE EXPRESSION IN HPVASSOCIATED CANCERS Zirou N1, Meyers C2, Izaguirre G3 UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA 3 Department of Periodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Hypothesis and Objective: Proteolysis by furin and other members of the proprotein convertase (PC) family of proteases is responsible for the post-translational regulation of protein substrates involved in several signaling pathways implicated in cell proliferation, such as growth factors and their receptors, adhesion molecules, and pericellular metalloproteases like MMPs and ADAMs. Dysregulation of expression of the PC furin gene has been implicated in the promotion or suppression of proliferative oncoproteins affecting tumor progression depending on the cancer type. Studies so far have focused on the expression of furin only, and a comprehensive study including all other PC is lacking. HPV16 is an oncogenic virus associated with anogenital and oral cancers. The effect of HPV16 infection and HPV-associated cancer progression on the expression of several PC genes in keratinocytes from various anatomic sites was analyzed.

Methods: mRNA was isolated from normal keratinocytes (cervix, anus, gingiva, tonsils, foreskin) growing in 2D and 3D cultures, HPV16-infected keratinocytes (cervix, vaginal, anal, foreskin) growing in 2D cultures, HPV16-associated cancer derived cells (cervix) at various stages of cancer progression grown in 2D cultures, biopsy tissues, and several squamous cell carcinoma laboratory cell lines. mRNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA and gene expression quantified by RT-qPCR employing primers specific for the PC genes furin, PC4, PC5, PACE4, and PC7. The expression of the GAPDH gene was used as standardization control.

Results: The expression of the PC genes in normal keratinocytes follows a consistent pattern among anatomic sites with furin being the most abundant PC followed by PC4 and PACE4. PC5 and PC7 are the less expressed PCs. HPV16 infected and HPV16associated cancer cells lost PC gene expression in correlation with cancer progression.

Conclusions: HPV16 infection and associated cancer progression correlate with losses of PC gene expression.

Funding: NIH-NIAID R21AI151674 (GI). IRB: Penn State University (origin of tissue keratinocytes). UIC-Cancer Center biobank depository (origin of biopsy tissues).

27 BTS Dual Doctoral Student Session D (5EW-6) ENDOGENOUS PROTEASE MEDIATED DELIVERY OF ENGINEERED IMMUNOMODULATORY EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES Leung KS, Kang M, Huang CC, Debnath K, Umar S, Lu Y, Ravindran S Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis and Objective: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles 42

Abstracts (MSC-EVs) can be engineered to possess function-specific properties. To maximize therapeutic benefits of these engineered EVs, controlled spatial and temporal EV delivery is necessary. Our objectives were 1) engineer MSC-EVs that target the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway for enhanced anti-inflammatory function and 2) develop an EV delivery system using hydrogels meditated by protease activity for release during the inflammatory phase of healing.

Methods: hsa-miR-22-3p is an anti-inflammatory miRNA that targets NLRP3, and MSCs were genetically modified to specifically express hsa-miR-22-3p in EVs using an EV targeting sequence. Anti-inflammatory activity of the engineered EVs was evaluated in primary mouse macrophages using RT-qPCR, ELISA, and immunoblotting. A fusion peptide containing the MMP2 cleavage domain and EVbinding RGD domain (MMP2-RGD) was conjugated to alginate for EV binding and enzymatic release. Release kinetics of EVs from MMP2-RGD alginate hydrogels in the presence/absence of MMP2 enzyme was evaluated quantitatively. Retention of EV anti-inflammatory function after release from hydrogels was evaluated on primary mouse macrophages. For statistics, Student’s t-test or ANOVA followed by Tukey’s ad hoc test were used (CI=95%).

Results: hsa-miR-22-3p expression was enhanced in engineered EVs. Engineered EVs had greater anti-inflammatory activity compared to control EVs. Faster EV release kinetics was observed from the MMP2-RGD hydrogels in the presence of MMP2 enzyme compared to controls. EVs released from hydrogels retained their antiinflammatory function.

Conclusions: Pathway-specific anti-inflammatory MSC-EVs can be engineered by EVtargeted expression of hsa-miR-22-3p. Alginate hydrogels can bind EVs using a fusion peptide recognized by MMP2 enzyme, and the EVs can be triggered for enzymaticbased release. As MMP2 is present during the inflammatory and macrophage recruitment phase of healing, this system allows for spatial and temporal control of engineered EV delivery at wound sites.

Funding: R01 DE027404 and R01 DE030495. ACC Protocol #: 20-020.

28 BTS Graduate Student Session C (5EW-7) NANO-AGGLUTININ RAPIDLY CLEARS STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS IN PEDIATRIC WHOLE HUMAN SALIVA Alhadlaq MK, Ellepola K, Pesavento RP Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Objectives: To evaluate the ex vivo efficacy of a nanoceria aggregate formulation on clearing and preventing initial attachment of cariogenic microorganisms in pediatric whole human saliva (WHS).

Methods: Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NP) were mixed with chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) to form a novel aggregate formulation (CeO2-NP-CSA-B) that can be stored long term. Unstimulated WHS, from healthy Male/Female subjects 6-12 y/o, were pooled and processed by centrifugation. Following known protocols, ex vivo single and dual species sedimentation assays were carried out utilizing Streptococcus mutans alone or with cariogenic (Streptococcus sobrinus, Candida albicans) or non-cariogenic 43

Abstracts (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) organisms. Sucrose based attachment assays utilizing C. albicans and S. mutans UA159 (GFP reporter strain) were performed on polystyrene (PS) 96-well plates. S. mutans and/or C. albicans were added to WHS with 2% sucrose and incubated at 37°C for 2 h. C. albicans was stained with calcofluor white dye.

Cellular attachment was quantified by measuring fluorescence intensity by known methodology.

Results: Rapid sedimentation of S. mutans was found with the introduction of 500 µM CeO2-NP-CSA-B in pediatric WHS (pH 7.1). Dual species assays were carried out by combining equal OD600 of S. mutans with either S. sobrinus, C. albicans or L. rhamnosus. Dual species models with S. sobrinus and C. albicans showed statistically significant reduction, whereas S. mutans in combination with L. rhamnosus did not. A significant reduction in the PS attachment of both S. mutans and C. albicans in the dual species model was observed when treated with CeO2-NP-CSA-B (1,000 µM).

Conclusions: S. mutans was rapidly cleared with CeO2-NP-CSA-B when alone and in combination with cariogenic organisms in pediatric WHS. The dual species sedimentation and attachment assays suggest that CeO2-NP-CSA-B has a high affinity towards S. mutans clearance, facilitating the clearance of co-aggregated cariogenic species.

Funding: NIHK08DE028009. IRB#: 2018-1075, 2022-0927.

29 BTS Dual Doctoral Student Session D (5EW-8) ENDOTHELIAL CELL-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES DOWNREGULATE FIBROTIC PATHWAYS IN FIBROBLASTS

Yuan H1,2, Salapatas A1,2, Leonardo T1,2, Han C1,2, Koshal D1,2, Wietecha MS3, Chen L2,4, Ravindran S3, DiPietro LA2,4 1 UIC College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 2 Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 3 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 4 Department of Periodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Hypothesis and Objective: During the proliferative and remodeling phases of wound healing, endothelial cells and fibroblasts are likely to communicate. We hypothesize that this communication occurs through the release of endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ECEVs), which contain microRNAs that transcriptionally regulate fibrotic genes and influence fibroblast function.

Methods: ECEVs were collected from human dermal microvascular endothelial cells using Exoquick-TC and validated using NTA, Western blot, and TEM. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on human dermal fibroblasts treated with ECEVs. ECEVs were also sequenced to determine microRNA content. The relative expression of select gene targets and ECEV microRNAs was validated with qRT-PCR of fibroblasts treated with ECEVs for 24 hours. Fibroblast function was assessed following transfection of a microRNA candidate whose levels were increased in ECEV-treated fibroblasts.

Results: Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to identify top Canonical Pathways affected in fibroblasts treated with ECEVs. The microRNA target filter 44

Abstracts in IPA was then applied to determine the pathway-specific gene targets of the top 20 ECEV microRNAs. The analysis showed that ECEVs downregulate fibrotic signaling pathways in fibroblasts. Among the top three downregulated pathways, 11 common ECEV microRNAs target genes related to fibroblast proliferation, activation, contraction, and formation of collagen. Five genes (ACTA2, MAP2K6, PDGFA, TGFBR3, COL1A2) demonstrated reduced expression in ECEV-treated fibroblasts via qRT-PCR (p<0.05). MiR-126-3p was the most highly expressed microRNA in ECEVs. Intracellular levels of miR-126-3p in ECEV-treated fibroblasts were elevated (p<0.05), and transfection of fibroblasts with mimics of miR-126-3p resulted in impaired migration and proliferation (p<0.05).

Conclusions: ECEVs contain microRNAs that are predicted to repress pro-fibrotic gene signatures in fibroblasts. The transfer of miR-126-3p from ECEVs to fibroblasts is one potential mediator of this effect. In the wound, endothelial cell-fibroblast communication via ECEVs may preclude early ECM deposition or contraction, allowing for proper vascular remodeling.

Funding: NIH R01-GM50875 (LAD), R35-GM139603 (LAD), and F31-DE028747 (TRL). IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: N/A.

30 BTS Graduate Student Session C (5EW-9) TYPE VI COLLAGEN REGULATES MINERALIZATION IN MANDIBULAR CONDYLAR CARTILAGE

Chaudhry MF, Bagheri-Varzaneh M, Banks JM, Acharya D, Reed DA Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Hypothesis and Objective: Type VI collagen (Col6) is one of the key components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pericellular matrix. During the early stages of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (OA), Col6 increases in the interterritorial matrix, later degrading in end-stage classification. We hypothesize that the loss of the Col6 alpha1 chain will impact the mineralization of mandibular condylar cartilage in health and disease.

Methods: A Col6 alpha1 chain knockout mouse (Col6a1KO) was validated through genotyping and western blot. Primary cells from control and Col6a1ko mandibular cartilage were isolated and analyzed by RTqPCR for key mineralization genes. OA was induced in control and Col6a1KO mice through unilateral partial discectomy to characterize TMJ’s bony phenotype. Tissues were collected 4 weeks post-operatively and scanned by μCT at 70 kV at a 12 μm voxel size resolution. A region of interest (ROI) that included bone superior to a plane through the medial and lateral condylar poles was contoured. Means bone variables were compared using a one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey corrections (α = 0.05). A sample size of 4 was used for all experimental groups.

Results: Col6a1ko cells significantly decreased the expression of the mineralization genes COL10, BMP2, OSX, and TGFB (p< 0.05; n = 4/genotype). The μCT analysis illustrates inconsistent changes in non-surgical controls but a significant reduction in the number of trabeculae and a significant increase in the trabecular spacing in both sexes in the TMJ OA samples (p<0.05; n=4/genotype).

45

Abstracts Conclusions: These findings implicate that the loss of Col6a1 can alter the bony phenotype of the condyle during the early stages of TMJ OA. Funding: R01 DE029835 (DR). ACC Protocol #: 23-042.

31 BTS Graduate Student Session D (5EW-10) BIOMECHANICS OF DENTIN ALTERED BY BROMELAIN AND PRESERVED BY BIOSILICATE

Geng Vivanco R1,2, Reis-Havlat M2, Pires-de-Souza FCP1, Bedran-Russo AK2 Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil 2 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

1

Hypothesis and Objective: Bromelain, a natural deproteinizing agent, and Biosilicate, a fully crystallized glass-ceramic, have shown promising results in enhancing the bond strength to dentin and inhibiting endogenous proteases. This study evaluated the effect of both treatments on the viscoelastic behavior of intertubular and peritubular dentin.

Methods: Mid-coronal dentin discs were obtained from sound human molars (2 mmthick), embedded in epoxy resin, and polished. Specimens were then randomly divided into three groups (n = 3), based on the surface treatment: Control – No treatment; Br – 10% Bromelain extract; Bio – 10% Biosilicate. The viscoelastic properties of the intertubular and peritubular dentin were determined before and after treatment using nano-dynamic mechanical analysis, under hydrated conditions, using a customized Ubi 1 nanoindenter (Hysitron Bruker) with a Berkovich tip. A lock-in amplifier was used to apply a sinusoidal dynamic load. Measurements were obtained immediately after the treatments at five different locations (number of indentations = 15, per sample and constituent). Complex modulus (E*), storage modulus (E’), loss modulus (E”), and damping capacity (tan δ) were recorded as a function of frequency (10-100 Hz). Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and student’s t test (p = 0.05).

Results: Peritubular dentin presented significantly higher dynamic mechanical properties than intertubular dentin (p < 0.05). Dentin treated with bromelain exhibited a higher damping capacity of both the intertubular (p < 0.05) and peritubular (p < 0.05) dentin when compared to control. Conversely, the application of Biosilicate did not result in any significant changes in the damping capacity. Additionally, the complex modulus remained unaffected by either treatment.

Conclusions: The deproteinizing effect of bromelain increased the damping capacity of sound dentin, indicating a greater potential for energy dissipation. In contrast, Biosilicate had no impact on its dynamic mechanical properties.

Funding: This study was supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Brazil, grant number n◦ 2022/12244-0. IRB/CAAE #: 31875720.3.0000.5419.

32 BTS Graduate Student Session C (5EW-11) INTELLIGENT SALIVARY BIOSENSOR FOR ORAL CANCER USING MMP9 AND CYFRA21-1 1

46

George H1, Sun Y2, Wu J3, Yan Y3, Rodil S4, Pesavento RP5, Mathew MT1,2,6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, UIC College of Engineering, Chicago, IL

Abstracts Department of Civil, Materials & Environmental Engineering, UIC College of Engineering, Chicago, IL 3 Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 4 Department Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 5 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 6 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

2

Objective: 1. To determine whether Matrix-MetalloProteinase-9 (MMP9) and Human Cytokeratin Fragment Antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), can be used as salivary biomarkers of oral cancer. 2. To test the Machine Learning model prediction accuracy with MMP9 and CYFRA21-1 electrochemical data for early risk prediction of oral cancer.

Hypothesis: Salivary MMP9 and CYFRA21-1 as biomarkers for oral cancer and use of the data for ML-driven tool for oral cancer and thereby systemic health prediction using oral health.

Methods: Electrochemical analysis of artificial saliva was done with clinically relevant protein concentrations of MMP9 (150ng/ml to 300ng/ml) and CYFRA21-1(5ng/ml to 25ng/ml) during oral cancer condition. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) were conducted. From the EIS data, the change in capacitance and CV area was calculated for each test condition. These electrochemical properties could be used together with the resistance of solution, polarization resistance, and constant phase element as machine learning data input. SEM-EDS was employed to observe the change in the electrode surface and elemental composition data present on the sensor surface. Machine learning models using MMP9 and CYFRA21-1 electrochemical data were applied for the prediction of risk levels of oral cancer with periodontitis.

Results: CV area increased for both MMP9 and CYFRA21-1 as their concentration increased. Change in Impedance and percentage change in capacitance had a saturation peak at 250ng/ml for MMP9 and 20ng/ml for CYFRA21-1. The SEM-EDS study showed that both antibodies are attached to the biosensor enabling protein detection.

ELISA and confocal Imaging enabled biological characterization of antibody-antigen interaction. ML based risk prediction based on the electrochemical data was done as normal, low risk and high risk with an accuracy of 75%.

Conclusions: Artificial Intelligence based prediction of oral cancer by MMP9 and CYFRA21-1 from saliva could be used for the effective early disease detection.

Funding: NIH RO1 DE031832.

33 BTS Graduate Student Session D (5EW-12) NANOCERIA: SCAVENGERS OF ROS UNDER CONDITIONS MIMICKING THE ORAL CAVITY Hafedi A1, Zhang Y2, Mao Y2, Pesavento RP1 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 1

Objective: Whole human saliva (WHS) contains enzymes such as catalase (CAT) 47

Abstracts and superoxide dismutase (SOD) that help remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintain oral health. However, patients with chronic hyposalivation may exhibit significant oral pathology in part due to chronic ROS exposure. We screened several cerium oxide nanoparticles (i.e., CeO2-NP, nanoceria) for their ROS-inhibiting capacity under conditions mimicking the oral cavity.

Hypothesis: We hypothesize that nanoceria with stabilizing coatings, and a high Ce(III) content, will maintain their SOD and CAT-like catalytic activity in WHS and artificial saliva.

Methods: WHS from ASA I adults was centrifuged (30 min, 3900 rpm, 4°C) to remove particulate matter. Mucin-containing media (MCM) was prepared per the literature. Nanoceria were synthesized utilizing variations of known methodology. CAT activity assays were conducted in 100% TRIS (pH 7.0) and 67% TRIS buffer/33% MCM at 150 µM (Ce). Nanoceria's SOD activity was assessed in 100% TRIS (pH 7.0) and 67% TRIS buffer/33% WHS at 10 µM (Ce). Absorption spectra were recorded at 37°C for 60 min, measuring peak absorbances at 560 nm for CAT and 450 nm for SOD assays, respectively.

Results: Preliminary results indicate SOD and CAT mimetic activity of nanoceria vary under oral cavity-like conditions. CAT-like activity varied from 14-63% inhibition in TRIS buffer (pH 7.0) and reached a high of ≈ 40% when mixed with MCM (MCM/ TRIS). SOD-like activity ranged from 7-49% in the TRIS buffer, while, a similar range (6-62%) was observed in the WHS/TRIS solution.

Conclusions: While nanoceria with citric acid coating demonstrated the highest SOD-like activity under WHS conditions, their CAT-like activity was notably poor.

Conversely, chondroitin-A sulfate (CSA)-coated nanoceria aggregates displayed the most effective combination of CAT and SOD-like activity under oral cavity-mimicking conditions.

Funding: International Association of Dental Research (IADR) Innovation in Oral Care Award. IRB Protocol: 2023-5062.

34 BTS Graduate Student Session D (5EW-13) CAMKII INHIBITION ENHANCES DPSC ODONTOBLASTIC DIFFERENTIATION VIA TRKB UNDER INFLAMMATION Kim JH1, Irfan M1, Chong K1, Hong J2, Chung S1 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL

1

Hypothesis and Objective: Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is thought to be an important mediator in normal and pathological conditions. However, limited information is available regarding roles of CaMKII in dentinogenesis, especially in inflammatory context. We previously demonstrated the crucial role of TrkB in the inflammation-induced dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) odontoblastic differentiation. Here, we investigated the interaction between CaMKII and TrkB during DPSCs odontogenic differentiation.

Methods: DPSCs were cultured and knocked down for CAMKII using siRNA in antibiotic free media and then swapped with dentinogenic media. Cells were stimulated 48

Abstracts with TNFα at day 4 and 7 and treated with CAMKII inhibitor or CAMKII protein or TrkB inhibitor (CTX-B) at day 4, 7 and 10. Cells were stained using double immunofluorescence staining and/or Alizarin Red Staining (ARS). PCR and ELISA were performed to detect expression levels of odontogenic and mineralization markers i.e., DSPP and DMP-1.

Results: Our data show that inhibition of CaMKII interacts with TrkB by increasing protein levels and enhances the transcriptional activity of TNFα-induced odontogenic differentiation. The CaMKII siRNA-mediated knockdown and CaMKII inhibitor increased the protein levels of DSPP and DMP-1 while application of CaMKII protein decreased DSPP and DMP-1. Notably, treatment with CTX-B (TNFα + CaMKIIinhibitor vs TNFα + CaMKII-inhibitor + CTX-B) abolished DSPP and DMP-1 expression, respectively. Similarly, mRNA expression of DSPP and DMP-1 were reduced at day 10. ELISA and ARS results showed similar pattern among expression of DSPP and DMP-1.

Conclusions: Our data provide a novel mechanism of the role of CaMKII via TrkB in dentinogenesis that are required for successful DPSCs engineering strategies.

Funding: R01 DE029816.

35 BTS Graduate Student Session C (5EW-14) NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL APPROACH FOR THE TREATMENT OF ENDODONTIC INFECTIONS Rengaraj K1, Perumal G1, Kanniyappen H1, Xie Q2, Wu CD3, Wei L3, Severson K4, Mathew MT1,5 1 UIC College of Medicine, Rockford, IL 2 Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 3 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 4 Chemical and Biological Science, Rockford University, Rockford, IL 5 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis and Objective: A combination of nanotechnology and electrochemistry can be used to completely eradicate bacterial infection in root canal space. To determine the cytocompatibility of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and evaluate the electrochemical treatment's cytotoxicity with ZnO NPs on MG-63.

Methods: The viability of MG-63 cells was determined using Alamar blue assay and Live/Dead assay after treating the cells with different concentrations of ZnO NPs for the duration of 24 and 72 h. The efficacy of electrochemical treatment with ZnO NPs was also determined using an experimental electrochemical setup in which the working electrode (WE) was connected to endodontic file and reference electrode (RE) connected to platinum wire. Gamry interface 1000 was used to run the electrochemical experiment in the order: open circuit potential (OCP) – 1, potentiostatic scan (PS), OCP-2. Potential of -5V was applied over sample containing 0.9% saline and 10 µg/ mL ZnO NPs at different time points such as 1,2,3,4,5 mins, and current generated was measured. The control was 0.9% saline solution.

Results: Alamar blue assay results showed that ZnO NPs conc from 25- 100 µg/ mL significantly reduced the cell viability. The confocal images of cells treated with 49

Abstracts ZnO NPs 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 µg/mL showed very fewer dead cells. As the ZnO NPs concentration increased above 10 µg/mL, the number of dead cells were increased.

10 µg/mL concentration was chosen based on the results from Alamar blue assay and Live/Dead assay as concentration higher than this showed reduced cell viability. A stable potential was generated with the electrochemical setup.

Conclusions: ZnO NPs did not affect the MG-63 cell viability at lower concentrations.

Compared to the control, the sample containing ZnO NPs showed an improved electrical conductance. Hence, a lower voltage can be used to achieve the electroosmosis required for efficient bacterial eradication.

Funding: N/A. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: N/A.

36 BTS Graduate Student Session D (5EW-15) ROLE OF DMP1-MEDIATED GRP78 ACTIVATION IN OSTEOIMMUNOMODULATION OF PDLSCS

Villani C, Chen Y, George A Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Hypothesis and Objective: Endoplasmic reticulum calcium release upon DMP1 stimulation allows translocation of Glucose regulated protein-78 (GRP78) to the plasma membrane where it functions as a receptor for Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1).

Overexpression of GRP78 in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) stimulates osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. Transcriptomic analysis indicated an upregulation of immune regulatory pathways in DMP1 stimulated PDLSCs overexpressing GRP78. Therefore, we hypothesize that DMP1 and GRP78 function synergistically in immunomodulation to promote osteoblast differentiation of PDLSCs. Methods: Control PDLSCs and PDLSCs stably overexpressing GRP78 (hPDLSC_ OEGRP78) were cultured for 48 hours under growth conditions with or without DMP1 stimulation. Total RNA was isolated for bulk RNA-sequencing. EdgeR was used to generate differential gene expression profiles for Gene Ontology pathway enrichment analysis. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate genes in the RNA-seq dataset with an adjusted p-value < 0.05.

Immunofluorescence analysis was used to demonstrate localization of GRP78 and DMP1 along with key proteins in immunoregulatory pathways.

Results: Gene ontology analysis of control PDLSCs stimulated with DMP1 demonstrated an enrichment of pathways including osteoblast differentiation, myeloid cell differentiation, regulation of innate immune response and regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production. In hPDLSCs-OE-GRP78, DMP1 stimulation resulted in enrichment of pathways for positive regulation of innate immune response, IL-27 mediated signaling and regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. RT-PCR validation for control PDLSCs and hPDLSC_OEGRP78 demonstrated a positive association with RNA-sequencing data with R2 values of 0.77 and 0.71 respectively.

Conclusions: Activation of immune regulatory pathways during the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs demonstrates the potential involvement of a new stimulatory signaling axis. Transcriptomic shifts resulting from overexpression of GRP78 indicate a role for DMP1-GRP78 interactions during the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. 50

Abstracts Altered IL-27 signaling presents a potential immunomodulatory mechanism for increased osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization.

Funding: NIH R01 DE031737, R01 DE028531 and the Brodie Endowment Fund.

37 LitR High School Students Session C (5EW-16) DENTISTS IN HPV VACCINE ADVOCACY: PARENTAL AND PATIENT PERCEPTIONS Nestorova AN1, Testai S2, Lamberghini F3, Kratunova EH3 Walter Payton College Preparatory High School, Chicago, IL 2 Latin School of Chicago, Chicago, IL 3 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Background and Objective: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is key in preventing HPV-related cancers, including oropharyngeal cancer. This literature review aims to assess parents' and adolescent patients' perspectives on dentists' roles in HPV vaccine advocacy and education. The objectives are to: (1) assess parents' and adolescents' views on dentists' expertise to advise about HPV and its vaccination; (2) evaluate their receptiveness to dentists participating in vaccine administration; and (3) identify potential barriers and facilitators to dentists' involvement in HPV vaccination.

Method of Review: A literature search was performed using Google Scholar, NCBI, and PubMed, utilizing pertinent keywords. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following a review of abstracts, only three studies met the eligibility criteria.

Results: Stull et al. (2020) surveyed 208 parents, finding that a majority (66.4% and 72.6%) believed that dentists were qualified to counsel about HPV and its vaccination.

Dean et al. (2020) interviewed parents at a pediatric oral health clinic, with 86% receptive to discussing vaccines with their child’s dental team and 79% willing to allow dentists to administer vaccines. Lazalde et al. (2018) surveyed 1,209 U.S. parents, with only 23% comfortable with dentists administering the HPV vaccine.

Parents were more comfortable with dentists providing education on HPV. Conclusions: The studies collectively suggest that while parents recognize dentists' potential role in HPV prevention, there is hesitancy regarding their direct involvement as vaccine administrators. Educational and advocacy roles are more favorably viewed by parents. These findings indicate that while there is potential for dental professionals to contribute to HPV vaccination efforts, their roles may be more effective in education and advocacy rather than direct vaccine administration. Future research should further explore both parental and adolescent perspectives to effectively integrate dental professionals into HPV vaccination initiatives.

38 BTS PostDoc/Research Staff Session D (5EW-17) MICRORNA EXPRESSION PROFILES IN EXTERNAL CERVICAL RESORPTION Elshourbagy SS1, Choi RJ1, Capistrano K1, Zhang S2, Pettiette M3, Moretti A4, Nares S1, Naqvi AR1 1 Department of Periodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

51

Abstracts Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 3 Department of Endodontics, VCU School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA 4 Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC

2

Hypothesis and Objective: External cervical resorption (ECR) has been challenging for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Etiology and pathogenesis are still largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and diverse biological processes including tissue homeostasis. Our hypothesis is that the dysregulation of miRNA could contribute to the development and progression of ECR. Methods: Microarray data analysis was performed using the total RNA from the granulomatous tissue specimens obtained from subjects with ECR (test 1), chronic periodontitis (test 2) and specimens. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was then conducted using miRNAs that were commonly regulated in all three disease cohorts.

Results: We observed significant miRNA changes, 31, 72 and 29 dysregulated miRNAs in ECR, PD and PAL receptively versus the control in each group. Five miRNAs were commonly downregulated in all three diseases. IPA identified multiple target genes for the down regulated miRNAs that were involved in inflammatory and bone remodeling reactions.

Conclusions: miRNA analysis discovered the commonly down-regulated miRNAs and their target genes involved in pro-inflammatory and osteoclastogenesis pathways.

Elucidation of the mechanisms of these target genes can lead to potential diagnostic and preventative measures for ECR. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 13–1279.

39 LitR Graduate Student Session C (5EW-18) IS DEPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH POOR ORAL HEALTH OUTCOMES? Ijaz A, Zainab B, Pack N, Konda S Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UIC School of Public Health, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: This study investigates the impact of depression on oral health, recognizing depression as a key contributor to mental disorders with known links to physical health issues. By using NHANES data, the study aims to improve our understanding of how depression relates to oral health, considering a comprehensive set of factors. The study also seeks to improve exposure definition using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression screening and examine the effects of critical covariates that previous meta-analyses couldn't thoroughly explore.

Method of Review: The research employs a cross-sectional study design with a review of the literature, analyzing NHANES data (2017-2020). The dataset includes 9,693 adults, with depression measured using the PHQ-9 screening and oral health assessed through self-reported ratings. Covariates such as age, race, gender, BMI, socioeconomic status, healthcare access, and others are considered. Statistical analyses, including Chi-Square tests and logistic regression, are conducted to explore associations and adjust for potential confounders.

52

Abstracts Findings: The results reveal a statistically significant association between depression and poor oral health, with individuals experiencing depression having 2.99 times increased odds of poor oral health. Age, race, socioeconomic status, and overall health status show significant associations with oral health. Stratified analysis identifies confounders, and a multivariate analysis adjusts for these variables, indicating that the relationship between depression and oral health remains significant, albeit with reduced odds (1.603).

Conclusions: This study contributes to existing literature by using the PHQ-9 tool and comprehensive covariate analysis to strengthen the understanding of the association between depression and oral health. The findings emphasize the substantial impact of depression on oral health and highlight the importance of addressing socioeconomic factors in interventions. Public health implications include the need for improved access to oral healthcare, insurance, and targeted education for individuals with depression to promote better oral health habits.

40 BTS PostDoc/Research Staff Session D (5EW-19) C5L2 CRISPR KO ENHANCES INFLAMMATORY DENTINOGENESIS VIA TRKB Irfan M1, Marzban H2, Chung S1 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada 1

Hypothesis and Objective: Dental caries is one of the most common human pathological conditions resulting from the invasion of bacteria into the dentin. Current treatment options are limited. Dentin-pulp complex regeneration involves dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) that differentiate into odontoblast-like cells under an inflammatory context. However, limited information is available on how DPSC differentiation processes are affected under inflammatory environments. Here, we investigated the role of a second and controversial C5a receptor, C5L2 in this process and explored the underlying mechanism under inflammatory stimulation.

Methods: Human DPSCs were examined during 7, 10, and 14-day odontogenic differentiation treated with TNFα, C5L2 CRISPR, and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) antagonist (Cyclotraxin B; CTX-B) and data were obtained using double fluorescence immunostaining to measure the odontoblastic and mineralization markers i.e., dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), Alizarin Red staining (ARS) to check calcium deposits, qPCR, in-cell western assay and ELISA techniques to validate our hypothesis.

Results: Our data demonstrate that C5L2 CRISPR Knock-out (KO) enhances mineralization in TNFα-stimulated differentiating DPSCs. We further confirmed that C5L2 CRISPR KO significantly enhances DSPP and DMP-1 expression after 14-day odontoblastic DPSC differentiation and treatment with CTX-B abolished the TNFα/ C5L2 CRISPR KO-induced DSPP and DMP-1 increase. In-cell western assay and ELISA results shows similar pattern, suggesting the TrkB`s critical role in this process.

Conclusions: Our data suggest a regulatory role of C5L2 and TrkB in the TNFα53

Abstracts induced odontogenic DPSCs differentiation. This study may provide a useful tool to understand the mechanisms of the role of inflammation in dentinogenesis that is required for successful DPSC engineering strategies.

Funding: NIH/NIDCR Grant: R01 DE029816–SC.

41 CTS Undergraduate Session C (5EW-20) HUMAN NEUTROPHIL ENZYMES COMPROMISE IN VITRO ROOT CARIES REMINERALIZATION Patel RH1, Trivedi R2, Zamperini CA2 UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Objective: This study evaluated the potential of human neutrophil enzymes on compromising in vitro RC remineralization.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that neutrophil enzymes may prevent caries remineralization through dentin extracellular matrix (dECM) degradation.

Methods: For that, human root dentin specimens (~2×4×4 mm) were covered by nail polish except for a central area (~3×3 mm) where RC were created by a chemical model (37°C and 5%CO2). After 4-day RC formation, half of each lesion was covered to keep the baseline lesion (initial lesion; IL). The other half was exposed to one of the following groups (n=4): Control (buffer; negative control; C); Neutrophils (N); Collagenase (100 μg/mL; positive control; Col) and incubated (37°C and 5%CO2) for 3 weeks. Neutrophils were isolated from human peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation. Following 3-week incubation, the second half of all specimens were 8-day pH-cycled and 3-min treated with sodium fluoride (5000 ppm; 2×/day) to induce remineralization (final lesion; FL). Remineralization (porosity and depth) was evaluated by rhodamine using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the remaining RC (IL-FL) calculated. To evaluate the quality of the dECM, half of each specimen was fully demineralized (EDTA; 4°C for 3 weeks), stained with picrosirius red and analyzed by polarized light microscopy.

Results: There were statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) in porosity of the remaining RC between N (p=0.049) and Col (p=0.041) groups in comparison to C group, as showed by Analysis of Variance (α=0.05) and Tukey. Statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) in porosity between the IL and FL within each group were detected by T test, except for N group. No statistically significant differences in depth of the remaining RC were observed among groups (p=0.832). Picrosirius red images showed superficial discontinuity of the dECM in the N group.

Conclusions: Human neutrophil enzymes compromise in vitro RC remineralization by dentin matrix degradation.

Funding: UIC College of Dentistry, Nakao Aging Population Funds; and KL2 (CATS) Scholars Program 2022 (NIH UL 1TR002003). IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: UIC IRB: 2020-1557.

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Abstracts 42 BTS PostDoc/Research Staff Session D (5EW-21) IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF A NOVEL CPP-ACP/SNF2 TOOTHPASTE

Li W1, Heiss M2, Wu CD1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 GC America Inc., Alsip, IL

1

Hypothesis and Objective: Besides the casein milk protein and Recaldent®(CCPACP) for caries remineralization, the newly developed OTC MI Paste® One Perio contains added stannous fluoride that may also provide anti-gingivitis action. This in vitro study tested the effect of MI Paste® One Perio on growth of selected oral and periodontal bacteria. Its effect on growth and biofilm formation of human plaque and salivary bacteria was also examined.

Methods: The MI Paste® One Perio was dissolved in sterile water (50mg/ml), centrifuged and the supernatant was used as testing agent. It was serially diluted and placed in 96-well microtiter plate containing test bacteria for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The test oral bacteria included Actinomyces naeslundii (An), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. Polymorphum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Rothia mucilaginosa (Rm), Streptococcus gordonii (Sg), Streptococcus mutans (Sm), Veillonella atypica (Va) and Veillonella Parvula (Vp). Effect on growth and biofilm formation of oral bacteria obtained from human supraginigival plaque and nonstimulated saliva were also examined. All plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 up to 48 hours aerobically or anaerobically (Forma, 10% H2, 5% CO2 and 85% N2). The MIC and minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) were determined.

Results: MI Paste® One Perio inhibited growth of Aa, Rm, Va, Vp at 3.13mg/ml; An at 1.56mg/ml; Sg and Sm at 0.78mg/ml; Fn at 0.39 mg/ml; and Pg at <0.2mg/ ml. Growth inhibition in BHI medium for salivary bacteria was at MIC of 3.13mg/ml and for plaque bacteria was at 1.56mg/ml. The MI Paste® One Perio inhibited biofilm formation of both plaque and salivary bacteria at 3.13mg/ml.

Conclusions: The in vitro antimicrobial activity of MI Paste® One Perio suggests its usefulness as an OTC topical antimicrobial therapy addressing oral bacteria associated with gingivitis and non-cavitated carious lesion (NCCL). Further clinical studies are underway.

Funding: Partially supported by GC America Inc. IRB Protocol #: 2006-0916 & 2011-0598.

43 CTS Undergraduate Session C (5EW-22) ORAL INFLAMMATORY AND MICROBIOME RESPONSE TO ALLOGENIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT Nadeem T1, Schwartz JL2, Patel S2, Randolph K2, Wotjowicz P3, Moreira J4, Adami GR2 1 UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

55

Abstracts 3 Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL

4

Objective: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and usage of chemotherapy and antibiotics are thought to cause large changes in the gut and oral microbiome. Immunological disease that leads to the need for HSCT can also contribute to oral dysbiosis. By 30 days post treatment patients are typically released from the hospital as plasma innate immune cells are found to be at normal levels.

Hypothesis: Allogenic stem cell transplant induces alterations of oral microbiome and innate inflammation even 30 days post treatment.

Methods and Results: Saliva samples were collected from a pilot group of HCST patients before and 1 month after transplant when blood neutrophil count had normalized. Coincident with antibiotic treatment by the end of the interval much lower levels of bacteria taxa diversity were noted in many patients. The salivary microbiome showed presence of taxa normally identified with the juvenile state. We record significant depressed levels of Alloprevotella and Peptococcus contributing to establishment of newly grafted immune system and presence or lack of HSCT related sequelae. To start to better understand the local immune system post-HSCT a DNA epigenetic based identification of saliva granulocytes was done. It revealed differential levels of oral neutrophils, 58.5% +/- 19.1 in patients post HSCT at the time of release from the hospital versus 70.8% +/- 6.18 in healthy age and gender matched controls – though blood levels were normal. Percentage oral monocytes trended higher in subjects after HSCT at time of release from the hospital P< 0.070, 17% +/- 25.7 in patients post-HSCT versus 5.5% +/- 3.4 in healthy controls.

Conclusions: HSCT leads to extreme dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and abnormalities of the oral inflammatory state even 30 days post treatment when plasma innate immune cells had returned to normal levels.

Funding Source: National Cancer Institute, Grant Office ID: SP0056995.

IRB: PRC# 2022-0043.

44 BTS PostDoc/Research Staff Session D (5EW-23) STUDY OF PROANTHOCYANIDIN-PRIMERS ON TISSUE WATER, RESIN, AND DENTIN BONDING

Liberato WF1, Neves JG1, Reis-Havlat M1, Jing S2, Chen SN2, Pauli GF2, Bedran-Russo AK1 1 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UIC College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL Hypothesis and Objective: Proanthocyanidins are flavonoids explored as multifunctional biomaterials for dental therapies. This study compared the effects of ligandProanthocyanidins (PAC) primers on the hydric state of the dentin matrix, the degree of conversion (DC) of model adhesive, and dentin-resin micro tensile-bond strength (TBS).

Methods: Four PAC-primers [A-type trimers (DESIGNER-AA), AB-type trimers 56

Abstracts (DESIGNER-AB), A-type tetramers (DESIGNER-AAA), and AB-Type tetramers (DESIGNER-ABA)] were produced using a DESIGNER approach and chemical conversion procedures. Dentin matrix water distribution was determined using 1 wt. % PAC-primers treatment on demineralized dentin (1x3x1.5mm, n= 6). Thermograms obtained through a 3-phase cooling/heating cycle determined the fractions of freezable (unbound) and un-freezable (tightly bound) water using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effects of 2.5 wt. % PAC addition on the DC of a model adhesive (BisGMA/TEGDMA/HEMA with 40wt% etOH, n=6) was determined using a FTIR-ATR method. The dentin-resin TBS was studied on polished dentin surfaces (n=8) and etch-and-rinse bonding procedures (surface etching, 10% PAC priming for 1 min, rinsing, adhesive application, and resin composite build-up). After 24 hs, specimens were sectioned, and TBS measured using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Games-Howell post hoc tests, α= 0.05.

Results: Dentin matrix presented 9.4% bound and 46.1% unbound water. Treatment with PAC-DESIGNER primers did not significantly affect the distribution of bound and unbound water (p > 0.05). FTIR analysis revealed no significant differences in DC between control and PAC containing adhesives (p > 0.05). PAC primers significantly increase the TBS (means 45-55 MPa) when compared to control (19 MPa, p < 0.05), with no statistically significant differences among PAC primers (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: PAC-primers did not affect the hydric state of dentin matrix and did not interfere with degree of conversion of model adhesive. PAC DESIGNERs yield high dentin-resin TBS, with no apparent difference among the formulations.

Funding: NHI R01 DE028194.

45 CTS Undergraduate Session C (5EW-24) ANALYSIS OF FILM THICKNESS AND FLOW PROPERTIES OF GUTTAFLOW®2

Zoubeidi S1, Alapati SB2 UIC Honors College and College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

1

Hypothesis and Objective: Guttaflow®2 (Coltene/Whaledent, Langenau, Germany) is an improvised Guttaflow® root canal sealer in the market. Its formulation consists of a novel root canal sealing system that combines sealer and gutta-percha powder with particle size less than 30 μm. Sealer formulation include polydimethylsiloxane, gutta-percha particulates and nano silver particles. Guttaflow®2 is available in either pre-mixed syringes or capsules to improve the consistency of the mixture and ease of use for clinicians. Physical properties include solubility is almost zero, low shrinkage, high flow, expansion of 0.2% and good adhesion to dentin minimizing the leakage.

The objective of this research is to measure flow and film thickness of Guttaflow®2 to meet minimum requirements of ISO 6876 standard for root canal sealing materials.

Hypothesis: GuttaFlow®2 does not meet minimum requirements of ISO 6876 for Flow (>17mm) and Film thickness (<50 μm).

Methods: Both film thickness and flow test methods were performed in accordance with ISO 6876:2012. Sample of sealer was freshly extruded from new Guttaflow®2 57

Abstracts tube with self-mix tip. A standardized amount (0.05gm) was used. Samples (n=5 each, Flow/Film thickness) were dispensed on to glass slide, two glass slide method with at least 40 mm X 40 mm and approximately 5 mm thick, a total mass of approximately 20 gm is placed in simulated oral conditions by means of an incubator (at 37°C/100% humidity) and thickness was measured for thickness and area. Density of the material was measured using volume/mass formula (d = V /m). Data analysis was performed using Student’s T-Test Results: The GuttaFlow®2 sealer had a density of 1.98 g/cm°. The mean flow of sealer was 14.16 (±1.82) mm, mean film thickness was 38 (±0.03) μm.

Conclusions: GuttaFlow®2 meets the requirements of ISO 6876 for root canal sealing materials. The advantages of using GuttaFlow®2 as sealer for root canal therapy include faster setting time (25 mins), superior adhesion to dentinal wall for fluid tight seal and easier to remove with mechanical instruments and finally ease of post space creation.

Funding: UIC Undergraduate Honors College Grant; Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry. IRB/ACC Protocol #: N/A.

46 BTS PostDoc/Research Staff Session D (5EW-25) TYPE-B PROANTHOCYANIDINS ENHANCE ROOT CARIES REMINERALIZATION

Neves JG1, Liberato WF1, Reis-Havlat M1, Jing S2, Chen SN2, Pauli GF2, Bedran-Russo AK1 1 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UIC College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL Hypothesis and Objective: Proanthocyanidins has been shown to increase hardness and decrease microporosities of root caries lesion, however the potential remineralization mechanism remain largely unknown. This study investigated the remineralization potential of an enriched B-type PAC formulation on the mineral dentistry recovery and nano-dynamic mechanical properties of chemically induced caries lesions.

Methods: A standardized enriched B-type Dimer PAC formulation was produced by a depletion and enrichment of select ingredients generating normalized extract resources (DESIGNER) approach. Root caries lesions (n=3/group) were chemically induced (pH 4.6; 96 hs; 37°C) on root dentin to produce 110 µm-depth artifical caries lesion.

The lesions were treated with 1% (w/v) B-type PAC DESIGNER for 1 h. A modifiedPBS with Ca/P ratio=1.3 was used as a remineralization solution for 14 days at 37°C. The untreated lesions and untreated lesions immersed in modified PBS were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Nano-dynamic mechanical properties (complex modulus - E* and damping capacity - Tan δ) at various lesion depths (40 to 120 µm) were assessed using triboindentation (Ti980 Hysitron). The mineral density (mgHA/cm3) was analyzed by Cabinet cone-beam microCT and the data was expressed as mineral recovery percentage. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc tests (α=0.05).

Results: The dentin lesions treated with B-type PAC-DESIGNER exhibited 58

Abstracts statistically higher E* average values (1.27-10.47 GPa) post-remineralization when compared to positive control (0.53-4.79 GPa) at all the different lesion depths (p<0.05).

Modified-PBS solution increased the *E of root caries lesions. The mineral density recovery was 40.8% and 26.3% for the B-Type PAC-DESIGNER biomodulation and Modified-PBS, respectively.

Conclusion: The B-type PAC-DESIGNER induced high mineral density recovery resulting in increased viscoelastic properties of root caries lesions.

Dentin biomodulation with PACs can be a potent strategy to promote dentin bioremineralization.

Funding: NHI R01 DE028194 award.

5TH FLOOR WEST HALL EAST WALL

47 CTS/PHS Dental Student Session A (5WE-1) RADIOGRAPHIC OUTCOMES OF NS-RCT IN PATIENTS USING ANTI-RESORPTIVE/ANTI-ANGIOGENIC MEDICATIONS Choi M, Ruan W, Kim J, Johnson B, Xie Q Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of anti-resorptive or anti-angiogenic medications on the radiographic healing outcomes of initial nonsurgical root canal treatment.

Hypothesis: Patients taking anti-resorptive or anti-angiogenic medications will exhibit different radiographic healing outcomes in response to initial non-surgical root canal treatment.

Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, the dental records of all patients who took anti-resorptive and/or anti-angiogenic medications and received initial non-surgical root canal therapy (NS-RCT) from 2005-2020 at the UIC dental clinics were retrieved from an electronic search using Axium. The following inclusion and exclusion criteria were used: no history of radiation therapy to the head and neck region, no history of retreatment or apical surgery, and at least 1-year follow-ups with periapical radiographs. A control group was then randomly selected from the same patient pool, including patients who received NS-RCT but were not exposed to antiresorptive or anti-angiogenic medications. Two calibrated board-certified endodontists graded the periapical radiographs (PA) of patients in both groups using modified periapical index (PAI) scores. The difference in PAI score between the pre-op PA and follow-up PA were calculated and analyzed using SPSS. Results: Preliminary data indicates that there is no difference in the radiographic outcomes of initial NS-RCT between the two groups.

Conclusion: Anti-resorptive or anti-angiogenic medications do not influence the radiographic healing outcomes of initial non-surgical root canal treatment.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: IRB Protocol #2022-1547.

59

Abstracts 48 CTS Resident Session B (5WE-2) UTILIZATION OF VIDEOSCOPE TO IMPROVE CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF PERIODONTAL REGENERATION Akhras Y, Tozum TF, Nares S Department of Periodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Objectives: Periodontal disease leads to destruction of supporting tissues of teeth which may result in tooth loss. Regeneration of damaged tissues is a viable approach towards improving the prognosis of affected teeth. The aim of this pilot study (IRB STUDY2021-1311) was to compare clinical outcomes of traditional guided tissue regeneration (GTR) to the recently developed video-assisted minimally invasive surgery (vMIS) procedure over a 6-month period. Hypothesis: 1) Clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontal regenerative therapy are enhance when utilizing the videoscope to assist in visualization of the surgical filed during MIS. 2) To determine if improved visualization of the surgical filed, and hence direct visualization and confirmation of thorough debridement of periodontal lesions, favors GCF levels of growth factors and cytokines/chemokines towards tissue regeneration compared to control groups.

Materials and Methods: Eight patients presenting with 13 vertical bone defects (n=13) were randomly assigned to either the vMIS (n=8) or GTR (n=5) surgical group.

Clinical parameters measured included probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and width of keratinized gingiva (KW) at baseline and 6 months.

Standardized peri-apical radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were compared at baseline and at 6 months. GCF (gingival crevicular fluid) samples were collected, and levels of cytokines and growth factors compared over a period of 6 months. Repeated measures ANOVA or a student’s t-test were used to compare outcomes over a 6-month period.

Results: None of the subjects were lost to follow-up and no subjects experienced complications. All data has been collected and is undergoing analysis.

Conclusions: This pilot study compared clinical outcomes of two surgical approaches used to regenerate lost periodontal tissues. Preliminary analysis indicates both procedures improved periodontal prognosis.

IRB Protocol #: 2021-1311

49 CTS/PHS Dental Student Session A (5WE-3) ASSESSING PREDOCTORAL DENTAL STUDENTS’ SOURCES OF STRESS AND WELL-BEING Ghory M, Noorullah K, Iqbal L, Tomar SL, Smith P, Bilal S Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis/Objectives: The predoctoral dental curriculum and environment are recognized for being challenging and stressful for students. Numerous studies have highlighted the negative effects of stress on dental students, impacting their physical and mental health and social life. This study evaluates the stress levels of dental students, considering gender and study year.

60

Abstracts Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the UIC College of Dentistry.

The study included students in the final 3 years of the DMD program (D2, D3, D4) and two years of the DMD Advanced Standing program (AS3, AS4). A modified version of the Dental Environment Stress questionnaire (DES), which consisted of 39 items describing stressors specifically related to predoctoral dental education was used. Responses to each item were rated on a five-point scale: 0=not pertinent, 1=not stressful, 2=slightly stressful, 3=moderately stressful and 4=very stressful. The survey was administered online. The mean score was calculated for each item of the DES to evaluate stress levels and a total score calculated by summing all responses. The items were grouped into five stressor domains: living accommodation, personal factors, educational environment, academic work and clinical factors.

Results: Of the 315 eligible dental students, 100 participated voluntarily. Sixty students (60%) were D2, D3, AS3 and 40 students (40%) were D4 and AS4. The majority were female (77%). The total mean DES score was 100.3 (SD ± 22.9).

Subscale scores were: Living Accommodation 9.4 (SD ± 3.4); Personal Factors 30.8 (SD ± 9.1); Educational Environment 12.4 (SD ± 3.2); Academic Work 23.5 (SD ± 5.5); and Clinical Factors 23.9 (SD ± 7.1). No statistically significant difference was found between male and female or between D2, D3, AS3 and D4, AS4 dental students.

Conclusions: Stress is a shared experience among predoctoral dental students at the College that did not differ by gender or program year.

Funding: Wisconsin Collaborative for Healthcare Quality. UIC IRB #: 2022-1381.

50 CTS Resident Session B (5WE-4) CORRELATIONS OF GROWTH PREDICTORS EXTRACTED FROM 3-DIMENSIONAL CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAMS 1

Booth EB1, Viana G1, Elnagar M1, Miller S2, Atsawasuwan P1 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis and objective: There are no correlations among spheno-occipital synchrondrosis (SOS), cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM), midpalatal suture maturation (MPS), and third molar mineralization (TMM) and SOS cannot predict MPS. To estimate the correlations among SOS, CVM, MPS and TMM and to assess the predictive potential of SOS on MPS. Methods: 570 CBCT scans from an Illinois private practice orthodontic office were analyzed and MPS, CVM, SOS, and TMM stage were recorded by two independent investigators. Intra and inter-rater reliability tests were evaluated with weighted Cohen’s Kappa Tests. Non-parametric Spearman correlation coefficients for ordinal data were used to estimate the pairwise correlations among SOS, CVM, MPS and TMM. To evaluate if SOS can predict MPS, ordinal regression models were estimated.

Results: Our results confirm prior research showing a strong positive correlation between SOS and CVM and SOS and MPS, and a moderate correlation between CVM and MPS and TMM and SOS. Weak correlations are reported for TMM with MPS and SOS. Our results confirm prior findings that SOS can be used to predict CVM using 61

Abstracts ordinal regression, and we report a similar model for the first time that can be used to predict MPS from SOS fusion stage.

Conclusions: SOS is strongly correlated with MPS, and SOS stage along with the patient’s age can be used to predict MPS using ordinal regression. This finding is helpful as a diagnostic tool when MPS stage is not clear (i.e., excessively thin or curved palate) or when more information on the skeletal maturity of the patient is desired.

IRB Protocol: #2022-1191.

51 CTS/PHS Dental Student Session A (5WE-5) EMPATHY AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS: AN INSTITUTIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY Masood Y, Noorullah K, Iqbal L, Tomar SL, Smith P, Bilal S Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis/Objectives: Empathy is one part of effective patient-centered communication. Empathy toward dental patients is an essential skill for every clinician to deliver the best care for their patients. This study aims to assess the empathy levels of dental students across different cohorts. This study also examines the differences in empathy levels with gender and year of study.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included students in the final years of the DMD program (D2/D3/D4) and of the DMD Advanced Standing Program (AS3/AS4).

Participation was voluntary and written consent was sought before participation.

Privacy and confidentiality of their responses were ensured by anonymous survey design. An online self-administered validated questionnaire, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) comprising 28-items answered on a 5-point Likert scale, was used to conduct a multidimensional assessment of empathy with four subscales (each between 0-28 points): Perspective Taking, Fantasy, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress.

Results: 100 dental students participated (from total eligible of 315 dental students): 60% students from junior cohorts and 40% students from senior cohorts. Majority were female students (77%) vs males (23%). The descriptive results for IRI shows the total mean score of 100.9 (SD+11.5) and for subscales; Perspective Taking, 26.6 (SD+3.9), Fantasy, 25.2 (SD+5.2), Empathic Concern, 28.2 (SD+4.1), and Personal Distress, 20.7 (SD+4.4). Statistical significance difference was noted among male/female dental students for the total IRI score (p=0.002) and for IRI Subscales: Perspective Taking, (p=0.03), Empathic concern scale (p=0.008) and Personal distress Scale (p=0.036).

Conclusions: This study demonstrated considerable differences by gender between dental students with the total mean IRI score generally higher for female dental students. However, no statistically significant difference for any IRI sub-scales by academic year. Nevertheless, effective communication skills and curriculum improvements accordingly are crucial as it can offer dentists with enhanced insights into how patients react and, for alleviating patients’ mistrust.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2022-1381.

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Abstracts 52 CTS Resident Session B (5WE-6) DOES SURGICAL VOLUME CORRELATE WITH OUTCOMES IN TMJ REPLACEMENT SURGERY?

1

Chechang SK1, Mercuri LG2, Miloro M1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis and Objective: To survey oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMS) in academic, private practice, and military settings who perform temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJR) to determine whether length of surgery, specific TMJR protocols, or the incidence of complications are related to experience and case volume. It is hypothesized that the more experience and case volume a surgeon has, the fewer the complications.

Methods: A UIC Qualtrics Survey will be emailed to the AAOMS’ TMJ surgeon listserv. All potential participants will have 4 weeks to complete the survey before a data analysis is done. Descriptive statistics will be reported. Spearman correlations will be calculated. P-values <0.05 are considered significant.

Results: 49 surgeons completed the survey. The average stock TMJR cases were 54.6% for unilateral and 50.5% for bilateral cases. The average custom TMJR cases were 50.5% unilateral and 49.5% bilateral cases. Average procedure time for stock TMJR was 2.86 hours for unilateral and 5.30 hours for bilateral cases. The average procedure time for a custom TMJR was 2.75 hours for unilateral and 4.87 hours for bilateral cases. Average duration of hospital stay for stock and custom TMJR cases was 1.49 and 1.41 days (unilateral), and 1.98 and 1.95 days (bilateral).

Conclusions: This study provides some pilot data that demonstrates that the length of surgery, specific TMJR surgical protocols, and the incidence of complications may be related to their TMJR experience and case volume.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: IRB Protocol #2023-0095.

53 CTS/PHS Dental Student Session A (5WE-7) PEDIATRIC ENDODONTICS AND CORRELATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE, FAMILY FUNCTIONING Sawlani A1, Bilal S2, Noorullah K2, Iqbal L2 , Alapati SB1 Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Hypothesis and Objective: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that can affect a patient’s quality of life. Untreated carious lesions can result in pain, infection, and other negative effects on functioning. Endodontic treatments, including pulpotomies and pulpectomies, is the removal of infected nerve tissue. For children, oral health can be impacted differently as early habits can be largely influenced by the parents’ or guardians’ role to instill good oral hygiene practices for their child. It is hypothesized that a lower oral health index will be strongly correlated with poorer family functioning. The mixed methods study will assess the relationship between cariesrelated endodontic treatment and the family functioning related to the dental caries 63

Abstracts experience of the child. Additionally, the oral health related quality of life factors of the patient will be correlated with the family functioning factors of the patient.

Methods: This study includes patients under 18 years old seeking endodontic treatment with their legal guardians at the UIC College of Dentistry Pediatrics and Endodontics department. Inclusion criteria are root canals, pulpectomies, or pulpotomies of deciduous or permanent teeth. A Qualtrix survey regarding demographics, oral hygiene habits, the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), and family functioning is completed by the patient’s legal guardian.

Subsequently, the clinical oral health data form is completed using Axium chart data for caries. For data analysis, an ANOVA is used for statistical analysis and a correlation coefficient was calculated; the data was analyzed by SPSS v 22.0.

Results: Children with dental caries were correlated to have negative OHRQoL score compared to patients with no caries. Family functioning was not related to a negative ORHQOL. Conclusions: These findings include the need for early OHI education to the pediatric population to lessen caries experience. However, more data is needed for a significant correlation.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-1153.

54 CTS Resident Session B (5WE-8) CONSUMING CHEESE AFTER SUGAR CHALLENGE PREVENTS FURTHER PLAQUE PH DROP 1

Cortez KE1, Li W1, Kratunova EH1, Alsaleh M1, Xie Q2, Wu CD1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL, 2 Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis and Objective: Our previous report has shown that drinking milk after a sugary challenge prevented in vivo dental plaque pH drop. We hypothesize that consuming dairy products such as cheese has a similar positive effect. This study examined the effect of chewing and consuming cheese on in vivo dental plaque pH after a sugary challenge.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled crossover study involving ten adult participants (18-64 years). Participants refrained from oral hygiene the night before and morning of the testing. A base line in vivo plaque pH was first determined using a touch microelectrode at the interproximal space between the maxillary premolars (or primary molars) on both sides. The participants consumed one of the four combinations of foods during each visit: 20g of dry ready-to-eat sugar-added Froot Loops cereal (FL); FL followed by low fat Swiss cheese (5g; FL/Cheese), two pieces of berry-flavor Haribo® Gummi-Bears candy (FL/Gummi-Bears), or non-flavored Gum Base (FL/ GB). Sucrose and sorbitol (10ml 10%) served as controls. Plaque pH was measured at 2 and 5 minutes after FL followed by 2 up to 30 minutes after consuming cheese, Gummi-Bears or GB. SPSS version 28 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: After consuming FL, the averaged plaque pH dropped to 5.48±0.55 and did not fully recover over the 35-minute testing period. For FL/Gummi-Bears, the lowest plaque pH was reached at 5.63±0.70 and recovered to 6.11±0.80. Consuming 64

Abstracts cheese after FL resulted in an immediate pH rise to 6.34±0.78 reaching pH 6.48±0.82.

This represented the highest plaque pH increase compared to all other test food combinations.

Conclusions: Chewing and consuming cheese after a sugary challenge reduced the drop in plaque pH. Cheese, a dairy product like milk, represents a healthy food/snack and benefits dental health if sequenced appropriately between or after sugary snacks.

Funding: Partially supported by Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry.

55 CTS Resident Session A (5WE-9) SURFACE-BASED REGISTRATION FOR ZYGOMA IMPLANT ACCURACY ANALYSIS: A VALIDATION STUDY

Graca S, Han MD Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Objective: Determine the angular accuracy of surface-based registration (SBR) technique for post-op analysis of zygoma implants.

Methods: In-vitro study utilizing 3D-printed model from DICOM data of patient with atrophic edentulous maxilla • 10 separate attempts for the zygoma implant o Based on sample size calculation using historical mean, for 0.8 power 0.05 alpha • Absolute error in Pitch/Roll/Yaw measured, analyzed using, 1-sample t-test o 0.5° accuracy threshold set a priori • Post-hoc power analysis PRN to confirm sufficient power Predictor Variable: SBR technique for post-op analysis of zygoma implant placement.

Outcome Variable: Angular deviation of SBR-generated implant with planned virtual implant.

Results: Absolute mean error (°) • Pitch: 1.03±0.89 (p=0.005) • Roll: 2.04±1.09 (p<0.001) • Yaw: 1.17±1.007 (p=0.005) Post hoc power analysis: power >> 0.8 Conclusion: This study demonstrates that S-VBR has angular errors exceeding 1° for zygoma implant assessment, making it potentially clinically unacceptable.

Funding: None. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: Not required.

56 CTS Resident Session B (5WE-10) INTERMAXILLARY FIXATION TECHNIQUE: OCCLUSION QUALITY IN SEGMENTAL LEFORT 1 OSTEOTOMY

Gray SD1, Grodman E1, Schiappa M1, Kusnoto B2, Miloro M1, Han MD1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

1

65

Abstracts Hypothesis and Objective: Segmental maxillary osteotomies require precise occlusal control and the role of intermaxillary fixation (IMF) technique on occlusal control has yet to be validated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of IMF technique on accuracy of occlusal control. The null hypothesis was that IMF technique does not affect accuracy of occlusal control. The specific aim was to calculate the error of occlusion achieved by 3 separate IMF techniques (brackets vs embrasure wires vs IMF screws) in an in vitro model.

Methods: This was a double-blinded, cross-sectional in vitro study on experiment models to simulate a 3-piece LeFort I osteotomy, subjected to 32 separate attempts of 3 different IMF techniques. The predictor variable was IMF technique (brackets, IMF screws, embrasure wires). The primary outcome variable was the visual occlusal analysis score (VOAS), based on 2 independent examiners. The secondary outcome variable was the linear error of the achieved occlusion at the canine and first molar.

Analysis: Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc testing was used to analyze the difference in the outcome variables of interest. P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Brackets had higher VAOS than IMF screws and embrasure wires (median differences 1.49 and 0.48, P<0.001), and had lower linear occlusal error (median differences 0.35 to 0.99mm, P<0.001).

Conclusions: IMF technique influences quality of occlusal control, favoring brackets over embrasure wires and IMF screws.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: Due to the in vitro nature of the study, ethical approval was not required by the UIC Office for the Protection of Research Subjects’ Institutional Review Board.

57 CTS Resident Session A (5WE-11) EVALUATION OF ANTERIOR OPEN BITE TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND OUTCOMES: AI 1

Rhee MA1, Elnagar M1, Allareddy V1, Cetin AE2, Sanchez FJC1 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIC College of Engineering, Chicago, IL

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate if machine learning algorithms can be used to group/cluster successfully treated patients with anterior open bites treated with extraction or non-extraction techniques based on their initial presentation.

Hypothesis: 1. There are no statistically significant differences in clinical or radiographic characteristics between the patients treated with extractions and patients treated with non-extraction modalities.

2. There are no differences in the predictive performances between the selected machine learning algorithms.

3. Machine learning models cannot be used as a tool to help practitioners predict when anterior open bites should be treated with extraction treatment plans.

Methods: Axium data was sorted and selected; patients that began and completed 66

Abstracts treatment at UIC were identified. Patient profiles allowed into the study had successful treatment defined as a finish with a positive amount of overjet and had both pre and post treatment records which included intra/extraoral photos, panoramic radiographs, and cephalometric radiographs. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied the final sample included 115 patient records of which 60 underwent nonextraction treatment and 55 completed extraction treatment. Patient demographic data, cephalometric measurements and clinical characteristics were collected and processed through 6 different machine learning algorithms and were tested to gauge their predictability of correctly identifying when extractions should occur.

Results: Three algorithms all within 1% of each other were the most accurate, CNN2 being the most with an accuracy of 83.35%.

Conclusions: Although artificial intelligence was found to be accurate in 83.35% of cases, it should be used as an adjunct and should not be a standalone treatment plan. This technology requires additional long-term studies considering retention and stability data to ensure a complete treatment planning tool.

Funding: AAOF. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-1401/2021-0941.

58 PHS Resident Session B (5WE-12) EFFECTIVENESS OF A PRE-OPERATIVE VIDEO ON CAREGIVERS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ANXIETY 1

Abdelaziz A1, Simion C2, Rothschild L2, Goben A3, Avenetti DM1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Anesthesiology, UIC College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 3 UIC University Library, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis and Objective: Audio and visual aids are effective health communication tools, especially in low health literacy populations. This two-arm randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate if providing caregivers an educational video in addition to written and verbal pre-operative instructions about their child’s general anesthesia (GA) increases knowledge and reduces anxiety more than written/verbal instructions alone.

Methods: Participants were recruited from a post-graduate pediatric dentistry clinic between August-December 2023. Inclusion criteria were English- or Spanish-speaking caregivers of healthy children aged 3-6 years receiving dental treatment under GA. Parents who had other children under GA for dental rehabilitation were excluded.

All caregivers completed a baseline questionnaire and the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) at the pre-operative visit. Participants were randomized to receive the intervention (eight-minute educational video, written, and verbal instructions) or control (written and verbal instructions only). A follow-up questionnaire was administered on the day of GA to re-assess knowledge and anxiety.

Results: Fifty-five caregivers were recruited, and 30 are included in preliminary analysis (17 intervention, 13 controls). Twelve were excluded or lost to follow-up, and 13 are awaiting their child’s GA. Caregivers were mean age 32.8 years (SD=7.2), 83% female, 50% Hispanic, with 40% having a high school education or less. Children were 4.6 years (SD=0.97), 66% female, and 97% Medicaid-enrolled. APAIS anxiety scores 67

Abstracts decreased significantly in the intervention group (P=0.007), but not the control group (P=0.10). Both groups had an insignificant increase in knowledge scores, and there was no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions: While the educational video did not significantly enhance caregivers' knowledge about GA, it was effective in reducing their anxiety compared to control.

The variability in how the video was used by participants might have impacted its overall effectiveness in improving knowledge.

IRB Protocol #: 2023-0822.

59 CTS Resident Session A (5WE-13) SUCCESS OF VITAL PULP THERAPY ON IMMATURE FIRST PERMANENT MOLARS 1

Seck AP1, Ahmed A1, Alapati SB2, Kratunova, EH1, Alrayyes SM1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Objective: To determine the factors that led to successful vital pulpotomy treatment of first permanent molars.

Hypothesis: 1. Immature first permanent molars teeth have a higher success rate of Vital pulp therapy than mature teeth.

2. Final definitive restoration delivery within 6 months of pulp improves the success rate of Pulp therapy on first permanent molars.

Methods: A retrospective chart audit of patients aged 5-16 years who had at least one first permanent molar that had vital pulpotomy treatment at the UIC COD between January 1, 2016, and March 1st, 2023. Data was collected on patient demographics (ie. age, gender, race/ethnicity, etc.) and the tooth treated (tooth involved, type of treatment, root, status, apical opening, etc.) and follow up visits (timeframe of follow up, clinical findings, symptoms, and need for retreatment). Successful treatment was determined by absence of symptoms or pathology at follow up visits and no need for retreatment.

Results: A total of 255 patients were treated: [Age-mean (SD) = 8.64 (1.64)] were included. Two hundred and sixty-eight treated teeth were assessed that met the inclusion criteria, where 44% had complete root development. Pulp therapy performed included (Cvek 1%, partial pulpotomy 16%, and full pulpotomy 82%). Most of treated teeth (77%) were restored with GI on the day of treatment. Around 50% of the treated molars received SSC as the final restoration where 1/3 of them were done on the day of treatment. Two thirds of the patients were cooperative and treated under N2O. Successful treatment was observed in 87% of teeth treated. No correlation was detected between the success rate of pulp therapy and root development or definitive restoration within 6 months period (p>0.05) Conclusions: The results suggest that the success of pulpotomy treatment is independent of root development and type of restoration post treatment.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-0452.

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Abstracts 60 PHS Resident Session B (5WE-14) UTILIZING TELEDENTISTRY TO DELIVER PEDIATRIC ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION TO CAREGIVERS Behrens I1, Hill BJ1, Mugayar L1, Collazo G2, Avenetti DM1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Pediatrics, UI Health, Chicago, IL

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Hypothesis and Objective: This randomized controlled trial assessed the effect of motivational interviewing (MI) using teledentistry on nighttime oral health behaviors in children under three years old. The study hypothesized the intervention would improve oral health behaviors more effectively than written educational materials alone.

Methods: Sixty-four participants were recruited from a hospital-based pediatric medical clinic between August-October 2023. Inclusion criteria were English-speaking caregivers of healthy children aged 6-35 months without prior dental treatment.

Caregivers completed a baseline questionnaire then received oral hygiene products and a printed oral health education pamphlet during their child's primary care visit.

After simple randomization, the intervention participants completed a 15-minute teledentistry session 30-45 days after enrollment. Both intervention and control groups completed a follow-up questionnaire 60-75 days after enrollment, focusing on primary outcomes: toothbrushing/cleaning frequency, fluoride toothpaste usage, and bottle use.

Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed with statistical significance set at α<0.05.

Results: Caregivers were 94% mothers, mean age 29.1 years (SD=5.6), 56% Black, 19% White, and 25% “Other” race with 36% identifying as Hispanic ethnicity.

Children were 55% female, mean age 15.1 months (SD=7.5), and 81% Medicaidenrolled. There were no significant baseline differences between the intervention and control groups’ demographics or oral health behaviors. There was a 41% loss to follow-up equally distributed between both groups; 38 participants (N=19 control, N=19 intervention) were included in intention-to-treat analysis. Both the intervention (P=.008) and control (P=.017) groups showed improvement in toothbrushing/ cleaning frequency. The MI intervention decreased nighttime bottle usage (P=.019) and increased fluoride toothpaste use (P=.005), whereas the verbal/written education showed no significant effects on oral health behaviors in the control group.

Conclusions: While verbal/written educational materials can improve children's oral health behaviors, MI teledentistry interactions offer effective and accessible education to caregivers from low socioeconomic primary care settings.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-0780.

61 CTS Resident Session A (5WE-15) OPTIMIZING ORTHODONTIC CLEAR ALIGNER TREATMENT WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DENTAL MONITORING Tahir A, Elnagar M Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

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Abstracts Objective: This study proposes using Dental Monitoring™ (DM), an innovative technology for tooth movement monitoring and artificial intelligence based clinical assessment to individualize aligner change intervals in orthodontic treatment.

Traditional approaches, based on general timeframes and orthodontist experience, do not account for patient-specific biological responses, potentially leading to suboptimal aligner change intervals. While the in vitro accuracy of DM is established, its effectiveness in patient care remains limited.

Hypothesis: This research aims to evaluate the efficacy of implementing DM in clear aligner treatment by assessing the reliability, validity, and accuracy of DM AI image analysis software and assessing treatment progress within the first 6 months of treatment.

Methods: A three-arm parallel randomized clinical trial with a balanced allocation (1:1:1) was conducted with 37 patients. Group 1, experimental group, was instructed to use DM software to determine aligner change interval, starting at 5 days. Group 2, conventional treatment, changed aligners every 7 days. Group 3, conventional treatment, changed aligners every 14 days. An orthodontist analyzed scans in the DM online dashboard for notifications, and intraoral scans were provided at pretreatment timepoint (T0) and at 6months (T1) for comparing American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) indices.

Results: Preliminary results show a high accuracy (87%) of agreement between AI software and Doctor observations when identifying unseat condition of aligners.

Preliminary results also demonstrate improvement of ABO indices scores at all three groups; however, the experimental group was not the most improved.

Conclusions: Dental monitoring is a viable option for use clinical use in guiding aligner treatment. However, the clinician should still use their judgement for case selection and consider patient compliance with clear aligner treatment.

Funding: American Association of Orthodontists Foundation (AAOF). IRB Protocol #: 2021-0644.

62 PHS Resident Session B (5WE-16) COMPARING INFANT CARIES AND RECALL COMPLIANCE PREAND POST- COVID19 Bor S, Lamberghini F, Mugayar L, Wu CD, Shadamoro A, Desai B Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis and Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a decline in regular preventive healthcare utilization. This study hypothesized an increase in dental caries in infants during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic levels. The study aimed to (1) compare caries prevalence in infants using dmfs (decayed, missing, filled surfaces) scores before and in the wake of COVID-19; (2) evaluate recall compliance; (3) assess the need for emergent dental and Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) treatment; and (4) determine the need of treatment under general anesthesia (GA).

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted for infants presenting to the UIC COD Infant Oral Health Clinic for initial visits in 2019 and 2021. We reviewed all children who presented to the clinic in 2019 (n=128) and matched that sample size for review 70

Abstracts in 2021. Patient demographics, age at initial appointment, dmfs score, need emergency treatment and SDF application, recall compliance, and need of treatment under GA were analyzed using univariate and Chi-Square analysis.

Results: The mean dmfs percentages were 4.69% and 9.08% in 2019 and 2021 respectively. The average age for an infant’s first visit was 22 and 24 months in 2019 and 2021, respectively. Post-COVID, 57% infants required SDF application, significantly higher than the 34% pre-COVID (p< 0.05). GA necessity increased from 14% in 2019 to 23% in 2021. Recall compliance was 33% in both groups.

Conclusions: Majority of infants presented closer to 2 years of age for their initial visit. This study found an overall increase in caries prevalence in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant increase in SDF use to manage caries until the patient is able to tolerate comprehensive treatment, usually under GA. This study underscores the importance of an infant’s first dental visit by the age of 1 in preventing s-ECC. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-0602.

63 CTS Resident Session A (5WE-17) EXPLORING APPLICANT ATTRIBUTES & EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON ORTHODONTIC MATCH

Treacy ST1, Galang-Boquiren MT1, Nicholas CL1, Oubaidin M1, Sturt B2, Kusnoto B1 1 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Information and Decision Sciences, UIC College of Business Administration, Chicago, IL Hypothesis and Objective: There is a variable or set of variables that best predicts whether or not an applicant will match for orthodontic residency, and there has been a change in the demographics of the orthodontic residency applicant pool after the COVID-19 pandemic. To determine demographics that predict match and see how the COVID-19 pandemic affected orthodontic residencies.

Methods: Data from ADEA PASS and UIC Orthodontic Admissions Committee from 2013-2023 was analyzed to determine if there were any demographic variables associated with interviewing or matching for an orthodontic residency, and to compare applicant groups who applied before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic and determine any significant changes in the applicant pool. Data was analyzed using Chi-Squared, Kruskal Wallis, and T-Tests with a significance level of 0.05.

Results: Factors that most significantly predicted an interview offer were GPA (p<5.59e-14), GRE Quantitative Score (p=1.766e-9), GRE Verbal Score (p<2.2e-16), GRE Analytical Score (p<2.2e-16), number of awards (p=6.429e-7), number of presentations (p=.002876), and number of publications (p=8.158e-6). The factor most significantly predicting match was GRE Quantitative Score (p=.009741). Factors that were different pre vs post COVID-19 include race (p<2.2e-16), gender (p=8.863e-9), GPA (p=1.544e-5) and being a US trained dentist (p<2.2e-16).

Conclusions: GPA, GRE Scores, and Number of Awards, Presentations, and Publications are all significant predictors of obtaining an interview. Only GRE Quantitative Scores are significant match predictors. The makeup of the applicant pool 71

Abstracts was significantly different in terms of race, gender, GPA, and US trained dentistry pre vs post COVID-19.

Funding: None. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2022-1168.

64 PHS Resident Session B (5WE-18) HOW FOOD INSECURITY IMPACTS CHILDREN’S ORAL HEALTH OUTCOMES

Jackson T1, Smith PD1, Fadavi S1, Rahmandar M2, Hill BJ1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 1

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to understand how food security status impacts children receiving dental care at the UIC College of Dentistry (UIC COD) and to explore associations between food security status and a pediatric patient’s caries status.

Methods: To conduct this study, a questionnaire was distributed to the legal guardians of children ages three to seventeen years attending UIC COD for their dental examinations. Data regarding the child’s caries status and tentative treatment plan were abstracted from their electronic dental records. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis (Chi-Square test) were performed using SPSS with a significance threshold set at P<0.05.

Results: One Hundred and Twenty-Seven children with a mean age of 7.28 years (SD 3.11) at the time of their examination were recruited for the study. Sixty-three percent of children were female. Thirty-six percent of children identified as White, 24% Black, 4% Asian, 3% American Indian/Alaskan Native, 30% Other, and 2% Did Not Report.

Fifty-eight percent identified as Hispanic or Latino. Three (2.4%) households reported experiencing marginal food security, 71 (55.9%) low food security, and 53 (41.7%) very low food security. According to the DMFT Scale – 25 patients (19.7%) had Low Severity DMFT (0-5), 62 (48.8%) had Moderate Severity DMFT (6-10), 31 (24.4%) had High Severity DMFT (11-15) and 9 (7.1%) had Extreme Severity DMFT (16+).

According to the Chi-square analysis, there was no significant association between the food security status and DMFT scores (P=0.453).

Conclusions: Research has shown a potential mechanism linking food insecurity and tooth decay by way of dietary behaviors, including the quantity and frequency of carbohydrate consumption. Further studies relating to this field can advance understanding of how food insecurity in general or specific experiences (e.g., quantitative, qualitative, psychological, and social) relate to diet and health for vulnerable population subgroups.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-0840.

65 PHS Resident Session A (5WE-19) INFANT FLUORIDE USE AND FLUORIDE DISSEMINATION BY NON-DENTAL PROVIDERS Kim S, Avenetti DM, Hill BJ, Mugayar L, Tomar SL, Desai B

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Abstracts Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Hypothesis and Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to understand infant caregiver knowledge regarding fluoride use and reasons for fluoride refusal. The secondary aim is to understand the prevalence of fluoride education dissemination and fluoride varnish application by non-dental providers.

Methods: Participants were recruited from a primarily Medicaid post-graduate pediatric dentistry clinic. Caregivers of infants (0–3 years) who presented for their child’s first dental exam at UIC Department of Pediatric Dentistry completed a survey on fluoride perceptions and were asked to demonstrate their current toothpaste use.

Child dmfs scores were recorded by reviewing the electronic dental record. Pediatric Medicine Residents at UIC Children’s Center were asked to complete a survey assessing their comfort and frequency in providing fluoride education and fluoride varnish services.

Results: Forty-eight caregivers were surveyed. Thirty-three caregivers (68.8%) reported using fluoridated toothpaste. Most caregivers (68.8%) were using more than the recommended toothpaste amount and reported never receiving guidance regarding fluoride from their pediatrician (64.6%) or fluoride varnish application (87.5%). The mean (±se) dmfs of forty-eight children was 9.79 (±1.66). There was no significant association between dmfs and reported fluoridated toothpaste use. Twentythree residents were surveyed, thirteen residents (56.5%) reported they sporadically provide fluoride education if time allows. Overall, most residents did not feel they had sufficient training nor time in wellness visits to provide fluoride education and varnish to pediatric patients.

Conclusions: Caregivers are not consistently receiving fluoride education from their primary care providers and are not using appropriate amounts of fluoridated toothpaste for their infants. This study underscores the importance of providing appropriate training to primary care providers regarding fluoride education and varnish application, particularly in high caries risk populations. Addressing barriers may increase use of fluoride in medical settings and improve oral health outcomes.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-0612.

66 LitR Resident Session B (5WE-20) IMPACT OF PREFABRICATED METAL CROWNS ON MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ACCURACY

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Aldosary R1, Alsaleh M1, Zhou XJ2, Ozgen B2, Kratunova EH1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL, 2 Department of Radiology, UI Health, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic tool enabling non-invasive visualization of internal structures. It is essential in diagnosing pediatric head and neck conditions. The use of prefabricated metal crowns (PFMCs) is a common practice in pediatric dentistry to restore primary teeth. However, the presence of PFMCs in the oral cavity may introduce metallic artifacts during MRI scans, potentially compromising their accuracy and diagnostic utility. The objectives of 73

Abstracts this literature review are to identify studies that have investigated the impact of PFMCs on MRI image quality, to analyze the findings, to identify gaps in the current literature and propose directions for future research.

Method of Review: A comprehensive search was conducted across major databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Mesh terms and eligibility criteria were specified and utilized. Only 4 studies met the inclusion criteria and were appraised in this review.

Findings: The review found varying impacts of PFMCs on MRI quality. Fache et al. (1987) found a correlation between material magnetic permeability and MRI distortion. Lissac et al. (1991) showed significant artifacts, especially in maxillofacial regions. Bryll et al. (2007) found artifacts from PFMCs, with no evidence of crown displacement during MRI. Mathew et al. (2013) indicated that MRI distortion is greatest within 10 cm of a PFMC, implying minimal impact on scans of regions far from the oral cavity.

Conclusions: These studies emphasize the need to consider material properties and crown positioning in assessing MRI accuracy in the presence of PFMCs. Consequently, the identified findings underscore the need for further research to understand the challenges posed by PFMCs within the MRI environment. Such understanding is vital for informed clinical decision-making and could pave the way for the development of MRI-compatible dental materials, enhancing the accuracy of MRI diagnostics in pediatric patients.

67 PHS Resident Session A (5WE-21) INCIDENCE AND COSTS OF INTERFACILITY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT TRANSFERS FOR INFECTIONS

Palla BP, Schiappa M, Barawi KM, Grodman E, Miloro M, Callahan NF Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Hypothesis and Objective: A national decrease in hospital coverage by oral surgeons has been observed. H&N infections are considered urgent, and although transfers are common, they are often unnecessary. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and cost associated with ED transfers at UIH. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed over a 6-month period. A query was performed using “infection [and] transfer”. Inclusion criteria: 01/01/22 to 06/30/22; consultation by OMS. The search identified 1,099 unique records.

Results: Over a 6-month period, 122 ED transfers occurred (74 male, 48 female). The subjects presented from 45 unique hospitals, and 42 unique zip codes. The average distance of transfer was 22.0 miles. Weekend transfers accounted for 52.5%. Patient insurance coverage included: 64.8% Medicare/Medicaid, 24.6 % private, and 10.7% uninsured. Of the 122 transfers, 57 were treated in our ED (46.7%), 56 in our operating room (45.9%), and 9 received antibiotics or no treatment (7.4%). Although weekend transfers occurred more often than expected (52.5% real v 42.9% expected), this was not statistically significant (p-value=0.1585). Using the City of Chicago and Medicare/ Medicaid ambulance fee schedule, the average cost of ambulance transport was $2,910.98 to $17,968.74 per patient, for a total cost of $352,242.80 to $2,185,483.91 74

Abstracts respectively. Based on the 2022 Physician Fee Schedule, the 27 repeat CT scans resulted in an additional cost total of $5,391.36 (CPT 70488; $199.68 per patient).

Conclusions: The interfacility transfer of H&N infections are common and contribute to substantial healthcare costs. Treatment by OMS at the initial ED would result in significant healthcare cost savings. Further studies are needed to determine how the incidence of interfacility ED transfers would be altered by a higher participation of OMS with on-call responsibilities, or with an increase in reimbursement for the management of H&N infections.

Funding: None. IRB Protocol #: UIC IRB #2022-00.

68 LitR Resident Session B (5WE-22) PARENTAL PERSPECTIVES ON CHATGPT AS AN ORAL HEALTH INFORMATION SOURCE

Chang VC1, Hill BJ1, Desai B1, Galang-Boquiren MT2, Hill N1, Dairi N3, Avenetti DM1 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago IL 3 University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Background and Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) is being utilized for various emerging applications in healthcare, including research, education, and diagnostics.

The purpose of this review is to summarize research that evaluates AI/ChatGPT as a patient-education tool in dentistry.

Method of Review: A search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted using the MeSH terms “dentistry OR pediatric dentistry,” “artificial intelligence OR ChatGPT”, and “information seeking behavior OR patient education.” Inclusion criteria were English manuscripts published since 2014 and electronically available.

Titles were evaluated for relevancy. Approximately 15 articles were selected for the final detailed review.

Findings: Uses of AI in dentistry include tools for both providers and patients.

However, most research discusses utility for providers only. People often rely on the internet to obtain health-related information. With the recent advance and accessibility of AI using large language models, chatbots have become an additional source of accurate, comprehensive, and reliable oral health information for patients. This strengthens the potential for chatbots to help users make health-promoting decisions and serve as a bridge between oral healthcare providers and parents of pediatric patients. ChatGPT, the most widely used chatbot, has been studied in general dentistry and most dental specialties, but less so in pediatric dentistry. Despite generally positive findings in the literature, users of ChatGPT should be aware they are at risk of being misinformed or misled, as responses have occasionally been found to be incorrect, outdated, and biased.

Conclusions: There is currently a lack of data on ChatGPT responses to commonly asked questions related to pediatric dentistry, and no parental perspectives on ChatGPT as an accurate and helpful source of oral health information. With this knowledge, pediatric dentists may then provide better guidance and education in chair and regarding ChatGPT as an oral health information source.

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Abstracts 69 PHS Resident Session A (5WE-23) THE ROLE OF INTERPERSONAL RACISM EXPERIENCES ON ADOLESCENT ORAL HEALTH 1

Pulli AP1, Tomar SL1, Lee HH2, Fleming E3, Hill BJ1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Anesthesiology, UIC College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 3 Department of Public Health, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD

Hypothesis and Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between adolescent patients’ experiences with interpersonal racism and their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and behaviors. We hypothesize that adolescent patients who report experiences with interpersonal racism will have decreased OHRQoL and increased oral health risk-related behaviors.

Methods: Adolescent patients ages 11 to 17 years were recruited at UIC COD pediatric dental clinics and Apple Dental Care. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the adolescent discrimination distress index (ADDI), the child oral health impact profile short form (COHIP-SF19), and an oral health behaviors questionnaire via Qualtrics. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were conducted via SPSS with a p-value of <0.05 set for significance.

Results: Eighty adolescents with a mean age of 13.2 years (SD 1.6) completed the questionnaires. Participants were 33% Black, 24% White, 8% Asian, 3% American Indian/Alaskan Native and 31% “Other” race. 49 participants (63%) identified as Hispanic or Latino. Eighty percent of adolescents reported at least one experience with discrimination on the ADDI. Educational discrimination was the most frequently reported context, followed by institutional and peer discrimination. Half of participants were deemed to have high OHRQoL. There was no significance between adolescent’s race (p=0.819) or ethnicity (p=0.582) and reporting an experience with discrimination.

A chi square test examining an association between participant’s experiences with discrimination and their OHRQoL did not generate statistically significant results (p=0.094). There was no significance between participant’s race (p=0.432) or ethnicity (p=0.178) and their OHRQoL. Conclusions: Preliminary data suggests that patients with experiences with discrimination do not have a lower OHRQoL. More research is needed to further evaluate the relationship between adolescent experiences with discrimination and specific oral health markers.

Funding: This study did not receive any funding. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 20230661.

70 LitR Resident Session B (5WE-24) PREOPERATIVE SEDATIVES IN PEDIATRIC AMBULATORY SURGERY: INTRAMUSCULAR KETAMINE VS SEVOFLURANE

Codner KI, Callahan NF, Weyh AM Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

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Abstracts Background and Objective: Children and patients with special needs frequently need pre-induction sedation to facilitate patient transfer, obtain intravenous access, or to perform mask inductions. The goal of this study is to review the available literature to evaluate pre-anesthesia induction methods in the pediatric population, specifically with intramuscular (IM) ketamine vs volatile anesthetic mask inhalation induction.

Method of Review: A search using NCBI and PubMed databases was conducted using the key terms “pediatric”, “intramuscular ketamine“, sevoflurane”, “preinduction” and “venous access.” Specifically defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and 13 articles were selected for the final detailed review.

Findings: There remains little literature directly comparing IM ketamine to sevoflurane mask induction. Of the current available literature, there is equivocal difference between IM ketamine and sevoflurane induction in terms of time to venipuncture, hemodynamic stability, and overall OR/discharge time.

Conclusions: Managing and understanding ambulatory pediatric anesthesia is of paramount importance to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Mask induction and IM ketamine are commonplace practice premedications for the uncooperative child and from this review, it has been shown that there exists a gap in current literature directly comparing the two methods; however, both mask induction and ketamine have been shown to be safe, reliable methods of anesthesia premedication in the pediatric population.

71 PHS Resident Session A (5WE-25) INTERFACILITY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT TRANSFER RATES AND EXPENSES FOR MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA

Schiappa M, Palla BP, Miloro M, Callahan NF Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Hypothesis and Objective: Interfacility emergency department transfers (IET) of the maxillofacial region account for nearly 56% of all trauma transfers. However, the oncall oral and maxillofacial surgeon (OMS) is uncommon, with 37.8% of OMS taking 3 days of call per month or less. IET have significant associated costs and are often unnecessary. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and costs of IET for maxillofacial fractures.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed at our main hospital for IET. An electronic medical record query for “transfer” was performed for OMS residents. Inclusion criteria: Presentation from 01/01/22-06/30/22; ED to ED transfer; consultation by OMS for trauma. 1099 unique charts were identified and a subsequent hand search was performed.

Results: 46 IET were identified from 25 hospitals. The majority of IET suffered mandibular fractures (25, 34.9%), followed equally by ZMC, orbital fractures, and dentoalveolar fractures (7, 15.2%). For mandibular fractures, 19 were treated in the OR (76.0%), 3 in the ED (12.0%), and 3 scheduled for outpatient follow-up (12.0%). The majority of IET were treated in the OR (28; 60.9%), followed by outpatient followup (10; 21.7%), then treatment in the ED (8; 17.4%). One-way ANOVA found no significant difference between insurance coverage or treatment performed and miles 77

Abstracts transferred. The average estimated individual ambulance cost was between $2,909.70 to $16,687.78, for a total cost of $133,846.10 to $778,217.98. Of note, only 3 cases (2 mandible, 1 orbital floor) required urgent treatment due to epilepsy, developmental disability, and severe orbital injury.

Conclusions: IET are common but often unnecessary, and treatment by OMS at initial institutions or on an outpatient basis would significantly reduce healthcare cost. It is unclear the role a higher rate of OMS taking call, increased reimbursements, or better triage would play in addressing IET. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2022-0031.

72 LitR Resident Session B (5WE-26) INTERDISCIPLINARY CONSISTENCY IN AIRWAY ASSESSMENT USING MALLAMPATI & BRODSKY SCALES 1

Khan NK1, Kratunova EH1, Alrayyes SM1, Wu CD1, Simion C2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, UI Health, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: Airway assessment is an inarguably crucial component of pre-sedation evaluation, especially in the pediatric population. Variations in the interpretation of oral airway classifications, such as the Brodsky and Mallampati scales, among healthcare professionals can affect clinical decision-making. The objectives of this literature review are to identify studies investigating the interprofessional consistency of airway assessment.

Method of Review: A search was conducted in the MEDLINE, PubMed, and NCBI databases using relevant MeSH terms such as “mallampati” “brodsky”, “airway”, “consistency”, “reproducibility”, “inter-rater”. Applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the review process led to the selection of four relevant studies.

Findings: The reviewed studies collectively highlight the challenge of achieving consistent airway assessments among healthcare providers and underline the necessity for standardized training and practices. Kumar et al. (2014) demonstrated the reliability of the Brodsky scale in pediatric tonsil size grading. Payne et al. (2017) identified limitations in physician assistant assessments compared to anesthesiologists, particularly in the Mallampati classification. Ng et al. (2010) found the Brodsky scale to have acceptable reproducibility between pediatric otolaryngologists, otolaryngology residents, and medical students. Kandray et al. (2013) noted good agreement between dental hygiene students and dentists using the Mallampati classification.

Conclusions: There is a knowledge gap in the literature, particularly in the comparative studies of airway classification assessments between dental providers and anesthesiologists. The lack of consensus among healthcare professionals, especially regarding the Mallampati classification, highlights the need for further research to ensure uniformity in airway evaluations, particularly in pediatric dental settings. This research is crucial for developing more accurate and reliable airway assessment tools and training programs, which are vital for making informed clinical decisions. The findings of this review underscore the importance of cross-professional consistency in airway assessments for enhanced patient care.

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Abstracts 73 CaseR Resident Session A (5WE-27) MANAGING BRUXISM

Shin S1, Hussain R1,2, Chung S1 General Practice Residency in Dentistry, Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Background and Objective: Bruxism is defined as unvoluntary and excessive grinding and clenching of teeth. While the exact etiology is unclear, it is known to be associated with stress, sleep positioning, allergies, and occlusal disorders. Bruxism can lead to tooth mobility, fracture, attrition, as well as temporomandibular joint disorders and tender or hypertrophied masticatory muscles. This is a case report of managing adult bruxism using multidisciplinary treatment modalities including dental, psychological, and pharmacological agents.

Findings: Current treatments of bruxism aim to prevent teeth damage, reduce muscle, and joint discomfort, and to decrease bruxism activity. Local and systematic pharmacological agents, psychological approaches including hypnotherapy, stress management, biofeedback are implemented in addition to dental equipment such as occlusal splints, mandibular advancement devices (MADs), and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Prosthodontic rehabilitations changing dental occlusion are also considered. This study relies on current literature and evidence to explore the optimal treatment approach for the case, with comprehensive understanding of the patient’s medical and dental history.

Significance for Practice: The purpose of this case report is to study bruxism especially in people with history of trauma and proper ways of managing it. It is to inform clinicians of advantages and disadvantages of different treatment modalities and to provide a clinical step-by step guideline. It highlights the importance of multidisciplinary approach as well as indication and contraindication of each treatment approach.

5TH FLOOR WEST HALL WEST WALL

74 LitR Resident Session C (5WW-1) THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BIRTH TERM AND EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES (ECC)

Lau I, Mugayar L, Tomar SL, Bilal S, Noorullah K, Alsaleh M Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Background and Objective: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is the most prevalent chronic disease affecting young children, and has biological, genetic, social, and behavioral risk factors. Adverse events during pregnancy and childbirth have been hypothesized to lead to poor oral health in children. Low birth weight preterm infants may be more likely than full-term, normal weight infants to develop enamel defects, which facilitate the adhesion and colonization of cariogenic bacteria in poorly 79

Abstracts calcified dental tissue. The objective of this literature review was to identify studies investigating the association between gestational age and ECC. Method of Review: We conducted a search of the PubMed, Google Scholar and NCBI databases, using the MeSH terms “Maternal Health”, “Preterm Birth”, “Preterm Delivery”, and “Childhood Caries”. Applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the review process led to the selection of four relevant articles.

Findings: There is currently a lack of definitive evidence regarding the potential influence of delivery term and preterm birth on the incidence of ECC. Although some studies suggest a positive association between these factors, others did not support that.

Further research is necessary to establish a clear understanding of this topic.

Conclusions: There is no clear consensus regarding the association of gestational age with ECC. It is recommended to include gestational age in pediatric dental records to facilitate investigation of its role as a potential ECC risk factor and to create an early preventive plan.

75 LitR Resident Session D (5WW-2) FOOD INSECURITY’S IMPACT ON CHILDREN’S BMI AND NEED FOR GA

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Le A1, Fadavi S1, Smith PD1, Rahmandar M2, Hill BJ1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Potocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago

Background and Objective: To review the literature for studies evaluating whether food insecure children present with a higher BMI and to evaluate the impact that food insecurity has on the need for dental treatment, specifically complete oral rehabilitation under General Anesthesia (GA).

Method of Review: A search using Google Scholar and PubMed databases was conducted using the MeSH terms “food insecurity,” “body mass index,” "pediatric dentistry,” “caries index,” “dental caries,” “overweight,” and “general anesthesia.”

Specifically defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and 7 articles were selected for the final detailed review.

Findings: Children growing up in low-income households tend to exhibit higher levels of obesity than those from financially stable households. Due to financial hardships, families are likely to buy foods that are more affordable, more calories-dense, and that provide poor nutritional value. These poor dietary choices also place these patients at high-caries risk, due to high sugar content and acidity. Consequently, these children present with high BMI (Basal Metabolic Index) levels and more dental caries. While it is imperative to treat dental caries immediately, due to the case severity or the patient’s inability to cooperate, it can be difficult to treat these patients in a normal dental setting. Performing complete oral rehabilitation under GA can provide a suitable solution for these unique cases.

Conclusions: Lack of access to dental care, combined with poor dietary intake stemming from food insecurity, can lead to extensive dental caries and the need for a patient to undergo complete oral rehabilitation under GA. There is minimal data on the 80

Abstracts impact of food insecurity on children’s BMI, and no data on its impact on their need for complete oral rehabilitation under GA. However, data in today’s literature indicates that food insecure children have increased BMI’s and higher caries prevalence.

76 LitR Resident Session C (5WW-3) HAND PUPPETS AS A TEACHING AID IN ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION Lee R, Lamberghini F Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: Oral Health (OH) literacy is proven to be the most costeffective way to reduce caries in children. This literature review explores the use of puppets as a teaching tool for pediatric patients. We explore the importance of puppets in improving the knowledge and retention of OH information. Additionally, the review aims to identify areas of future research in this field.

Method of Review: A detailed literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, NCBI, and PubMed databases utilizing the MeSH terms "Pediatric Dentistry", "Dentistry", "Oral Health", "Health Education, Dental", and "puppet". Clear inclusion and exclusion criteria were established, and 17 articles were selected for detailed review.

Findings: Although studies are limited, using puppets to deliver OH information may contribute to a more memorable dental visit for young patients. In one study, modeling was used to reduce anxiety before undergoing treatment. Children engaged in roleplaying as the dentist for a puppet patient. And while anxiety scores decreased, the decline was not statistically significant. Another study compared symbolic modeling (puppet) to live modeling (parent) when teaching toothbrushing. Results showed that live modeling was significantly more effective than symbolic modeling. Two related studies used puppets during their OH lessons. Promisingly, both studies found that the lessons improved children’s OH knowledge, and one of them also noted improved plaque index. Unfortunately, the studies lacked a control group, making it challenging to attribute the improvement solely to the inclusion of a puppet, as it could be influenced by the lesson itself.

Conclusions: Hand puppets could easily be incorporated into a clinic’s workflow without sacrificing other key aspects, such as infection control standards. However, its usefulness in OH education remains to be confirmed. Further studies should explore the possible impact of puppets on OH literacy and memorability of children.

77 LitR Resident Session D (5WW-4) EVALUATING PEDIATRIC DENTAL EMERGENCIES IN UNIVERSITY AND HOSPITAL-BASED SETTINGS Min JH1, Desai BD1, Kratunova EH1, Alrayyes SM1, Alapati SB2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

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Background and Objective: This review assesses the literature for studies examining dental emergencies in university and hospital-based settings. The objectives of 81

Abstracts this review are to summarize the findings and identify patterns in the utilization of emergency dental care. This analysis will identify areas for future interventions that can improve access to oral healthcare for pediatric patients.

Method of Review: A search using MEDLINE/PubMed databases was conducted using the MeSH terms “dental care for children", “emergency”, “urgent”, “retrospective”, “hospital”, “university”, “pediatric”, “dentistry”. Adult patient population studies were excluded. Articles pertaining to pediatric patients receiving emergency dental treatment at hospital emergency room and university emergency dental clinic met inclusion criteria. The literature search generated 75 articles. After reviewing abstracts, 14 articles were selected for full review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Findings: Out of the 14 articles included, 11 focused on emergency dental care in hospital emergency departments while the remaining three articles reviewed cases at university-based urgent care clinics. Majority of patients were uninsured or had Medicaid insurance. Pain from dental caries was the reason for seeking emergent dental care in the hospital emergency department for the majority of nontraumatic emergency cases. Majority of dental pain was associated with posterior primary teeth followed by posterior permanent teeth. Caries extending to the pulp and dental abscess contributed to seeking emergency dental care. Dental trauma related emergency visits were most frequently associated with anterior teeth.

Conclusions: Assessing the patterns of emergency dental care utilization in pediatric patients is crucial to understanding the demands and the challenges in accessing comprehensive oral healthcare. Further research is needed to better understand the dynamics of emergency treatment at university and hospital-based emergency dental clinics and to identify barriers to service utilization.

78 LitR Resident Session C (5WW-5) ASSESSING OHRQOL AND INTERCEPTIVE ORTHO IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION 1

Narayan SL1, Allareddy V2, Avenetti DM1, Hill BJ1, Desai BK1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: Malocclusion in the mixed dentition phase can have a negative impact on oral function and overall quality of life. Dental malocclusions left untreated can lead to more serious problems in the future, affecting both dental and skeletal development. The goal of this review is to assess the literature for studies evaluating whether interceptive orthodontic treatment leads to an improved Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQOL) in the pediatric patient population.

Method of Review: A search using MEDLINE/PubMed and NCBI databases was conducted using the MeSH terms “orthodontic treatment”, “interceptive orthodontics”, “dentition, mixed” “OHRQL”. Studies examining the adult patient population were excluded. Articles pertaining to pediatric patients receiving interceptive orthodontics in the mixed dentition phase were met inclusion criteria. The literature search generated 225 articles. After reviewing abstracts, 15 articles were selected for full review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

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Abstracts Findings: Interceptive orthodontics have been successful in correcting malocclusion, such as posterior and anterior crossbites, crowding, anterior open bite, and oropharyngeal habits. One study found a decrease in OHRQOL during treatment for anterior open bite correction followed by an overall significant improvement in OHRQOL following treatment completion. Studies show successful completion of phase 1 orthodontics decreases the complexity of future orthodontic treatment objectively. Studies found that children reported a decrease in bullying following interceptive orthodontics to correct dental malocclusion as well.

Conclusions: Prudent timing of interceptive orthodontics can improve a child’s overall OHRQOL. Interceptive orthodontics objectively improve oral function and decrease complexity of future orthodontic treatment. This objective improvement is also matched with a subjective improvement in perceived OHRQOL by children and adolescents. Additional research is needed to better elucidate the relationship between OHRQOL and interceptive ortho, with specific focus on differing levels of improvement in OHRQOL with respect to treatment of different malocclusions.

79 LitR Resident Session D (5WW-6) MOLAR INCISOR HYPOMINERALIZATION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DENTAL ANOMALIES Park J1, Alrayyes SM1, Alsaleh M1, Kratunova EH1, Galang-Boquiren MT2, Taglesir Ahmedy A1 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a prevalent enamel defect affecting one in ten children, characterized by white-to-yellow/brown demarcated opacities. This multifactorial condition, affecting permanent molars and sometimes incisors, presents challenges like pulpal sensitivity, enamel breakdown, and psychosocial concerns. This literature review aims to the association between MIH and developmental dental anomalies (DDA) among school-aged children, focusing on etiology, prevalence, and clinical implications.

Method of Review: A literature search using PubMed, and NCBI databases was performed with MESH terms including “MIH”, “MIH Etiology”, “MIH Prevalence”, “Dental Anomalies”, and “Dental Anomalies Prevalence.” Criteria included articles from 2016-2023 in English, focusing on school-aged children. Ten articles met these criteria for review.

Findings: Etiological factors for MIH identified in the literature include early childhood illnesses (otitis media, pneumonia, high fever), maternal health issues and birth complications (premature birth, C-section, vaginal delivery complications).

Children whose mothers experienced health problems during pregnancy are 40% more likely to develop MIH. The suspected pathogenesis involves disrupted oxygen supply to ameloblasts. There's a notable correlation between MIH, enamel defects, and dental caries. Gender-specific anomalies include hyperdontia, more common in males, and hypodontia, more prevalent in females. Among MIH patients, 29% also have DDAs, with hypodontia of the lower 2nd premolar being the most common. MIH patients 83

Abstracts tend to have more missing dentition and are twice as likely to have DDAs if systemic disturbances are present. Radiographic diagnosis of MIH and DDA is optimal at 8 years or after the full eruption of incisors and PFM. De-proteinization with 5% NaOCl on hypomineralized enamel before applying adhesives can improve the retention of composite-resin restorations.

Conclusions: Among the ten reviewed literatures, it has been evident that further research on MIH with greater sample is needed to assess its potential etiological factors, biological molecular mechanism, and prevention.

80 LitR Resident Session C (5WW-7) COMPARISON OF RESIN INFILTRATION AND SDF FOR PRIMARY TEETH CARIES Wilson AI, Ahmed A, Kratunova EH, Alrayyes SM Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: Untreated dental caries in primary teeth affect about 9% of the world’s population. When preschool-aged children enter early mixed dentition, the interproximal surfaces of the primary molars become more at risk of caries. Although silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has emerged as a minimal intervention treatment widely employed in pediatric dentistry for interproximal carious lesions, its efficacy needs to be maintained. Alternatively, resin infiltration is a novel noninvasive approach for treating noncavitated caries that can be applied to the pediatric population.

Method of Review: A search using PubMed database was conducted using the MeSH terms “Interproximal caries,” “resin infiltration,” “pediatric dentistry,” and “silver diamine fluoride.” Specifically defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and 17 articles were selected for the final detailed review. When searching terms “interproximal caries, “Silver diamine Fluoride,” and “Resin infiltration,” 117 articles were found, 10 articles were selected. When the terms “dental caries“ and “pediatric caries intervention” were used, 36 articles were found and 7 articles were selected.

Articles were excluded due to studies being in a foreign language, case reports or >25 years old.

Findings: Stainless steel crowns, class II resin restorations, and silver diamine fluoride applications are currently the main interventions for interproximal caries in primary teeth. However, there are many obstacles that providers must face to carry these procedures out successfully. The ease of SDF placement makes it a suitable option for patients with special medical, behavioral, and developmental considerations. However, resin infiltration is a promising minimal interventional approach offers potential advantages, including bypassing the need for local anesthesia and lengthy, invasive procedures.

Conclusion: Understanding the comparison of the effectiveness of these two treatments will contribute valuable insights to the management of interproximal caries lesions in primary dentition, guiding clinicians in providing optimal care for young patients.

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Abstracts 81 CaseR Dental Student Session D (5WW-8) OVERCOMING CHALLENGES OF MAXILLARY IMPLANT PLACEMENT USING PLATELET RICH FIBRIN Ajdini A, Chun C, Tozum TF Department of Periodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: Implant placement in the anterior maxilla presents many challenges due to the thin nature of the maxillary buccal plate. The lack of bone volume in the anterior maxilla can lead to bony defects such as dehiscence or fenestration after implant placement. These defects can compromise stability and osseointegration of the dental implant and reduce long-term prognosis. To overcome these anatomical obstacles, bone grafting at the time of implant placement utilizing Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) can promote bone growth and long-term stability of the implant. The purpose of this case report is to present treatment of fenestration at the time of implant placement utilizing PRF enriched Bio-oss graft material in the anterior maxilla.

Findings: Loss of alveolar ridge width or height is commonly observed over time in sites with missing teeth. Proper bone volume is critical for osseointegration and long-term stability of the dental implant. To overcome these challenges, surgeons may modify their surgical technique, implant type, and type of bone grafting material utilized. Although xenografts and allografts are common bone grafting materials, autografts are recognized as the gold standard. A shortcoming of using an autologous bone graft would be the necessity of a second surgery as it is commonly harvested from the iliac crest. New materials such as PRF have been proposed to overcome these challenges as they possess the same osteoinductive properties as autologous grafts. Grafting with PRF at the time of implant placement has been shown to enhance angiogenesis, regenerate bone, improve wound healing, and enhance implant stability.

Significance for Practice: The significance of this case report is to provide clinicians a treatment modality for the inevitable complications that can occur during implant placement. Bony defects such as fenestrations can be managed with bone grafting at the time of implant placement utilizing PRF.

82 CaseR Dental Student Session C (5WW-9) CASE REPORT: RETROFITTING CROWNS TO EXISTING RPD USING DIGITAL WORKFLOW Alqazaha T, Ahmadian L, Moon D, Tan S Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: Retrofitting multiple crowns to an existing removable partial denture (RPD) can often be difficult using a traditional pickup impression.

Crowns can be retrofitted to an RPD using a combination of digital scans. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate a digital workflow to retrofit crowns to an existing RPD. Findings: 71 y/o male patient presented with crown preparations for #20 and #21. Pt has an unstable occlusion due to a history of bruxism. The existing mandibular RPD 85

Abstracts (Kennedy Class 1) appeared to be in good condition, but slightly lacked retention and support in the distal extension areas. A digital workflow was chosen in this case to avoid sending the patient’s RPD to the dental laboratory in a traditional pickup impression technique and to also address the challenge of non-retentive distal extension areas. The Trios 3Shape system (scanner and software) was used to design the provisionals for both crowns. Once the provisionals were fabricated, they were adjusted to ideal contour and occlusion in the patient mouth. Three different scans were then taken: the patient’s existing partial, the patient's prepped teeth, and the patient’s provisionals. The Bite Scan feature was used to align the opposing arch and ensure the patient’s partial denture is in occlusion with the preparation scan. The patient’s milled zirconia crowns were fabricated using: The patient’s provisionals as their prepreparation scan, patient’s existing partial denture scan, and the patient’s prepped teeth with the seated partial denture scan.

Significance for Practice: A digital scan technique can be further explored in cases where a traditional pick-up impression may be challenging. By using digital workflow, we were able to retrofit two crowns to an existing RPD with acceptable results.

83 CaseR Dental Student Session D (5WW-10) PERIODONTAL INTERVENTION UTILIZING MINIMALLY INVASIVE TECHNIQUES DURING ORTHODONTIC THERAPY 1

Alzein R1, Abraham P2, Takriti M1 Department of Periodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Private Practice, Tulsa, OK

Background and Objective: This comprehensive and multidisciplinary case report presents the indication of periodontal intervention during orthodontic treatment. This intervention aimed to prevent the possible negative impact of compromised oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment using non-invasive periodontal treatment. Also, to improve the periodontal phenotype resulting in functional and esthetic outcome using minimally-invasive surgical techniques.

Findings: A 33-year-old female was referred for the treatment of gingival recession, prompting a comprehensive periodontal exam. The patient was diagnosed with localized stage III, grade B periodontitis and recession type 1 (RT1) on maxillary canines and laterals and recession type 2 (RT2) on mandibular incisors. Initially, phase I periodontal treatment involving scaling and root planing (SRP), was implemented subsequent to the removal of orthodontic wires to facilitate optimal access for periodontal instrumentation. Then, soft tissue grafting (STG) using minimally invasive techniques was timed and sequenced with orthodontic treatment to prevent further recession and improve STG outcome with proper teeth alignment. In addition, the orthodontic brackets were used in the suturing technique to maximize the coronal position of gingival margin to achieve maximum root coverage.

Significance for Practice: A comprehensive understanding of the orthodonticperiodontic relationship is paramount especially in cases with periodontal conditions, thin periodontal phenotype, and/or compromised oral hygiene. The thorough assessment of a patient's periodontal health, periodontal phenotype, and oral hygiene 86

Abstracts is needed to achieve the desired orthodontic outcome without negatively impacting the patient's periodontium. This multidisciplinary approach can prevent or minimize the risks associated with orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, the implementation of proper periodontal treatment can control and improve the periodontal condition with minimally invasive techniques, which minimizes postoperative morbidity and increases patient acceptance and satisfaction.

84 CaseR Dental Student Session C (5WW-11) CASE REPORT: COMPLETE DENTURE FABRICATION WITHOUT PRE-PROSTHETIC SURGERY De La Fuente E, Misleh M, Tan S Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: The anatomy and conditions of the denture-bearing foundations can affect the outcome of complete denture therapy for edentulous patients. Bony exostoses, undercuts, sharp knife-edge ridges, and mandibular tori may pose problems for individuals wearing complete dentures. Pre-prosthetic surgery is often recommended to help eliminate these problems. In this case report, we discuss the treatment of a fully edentulous 75-year-old male with non-ideal ridge morphology without utilizing pre-prosthetic surgery.

Findings: The patient presented with enlarged maxillary tuberosities and prominent mandibular tori that would hinder seating of complete dentures. Patient was recommended pre-prosthetic surgery and denied the surgery given his claim of a prior history of wearing a prosthesis that was built around the anatomical variations.

The patient also presented with multiple medical conditions, is classified as ASA III, has blindness of the right eye, COPD, and limited physical mobility (for which he uses a wheelchair). Given the patient’s age and health status, and in consideration of the patient's desire to avoid surgery, we decided to forgo pre-prosthetic surgery.

To achieve success, the lingual design of the mandibular denture included adequate relief immediately adjacent to the tori to avoid impingement and to ensure maximum comfort. Additionally, the path of insertion was altered so that it would be from a labial orientation, rather than occlusal.

Significance for Practice: Despite the non-ideal morphology, complete dentures may be fabricated for patients who forego pre-prosthetic surgery. However, patients must be understanding of potentially compromised function/esthetics. Alterations to denture extensions (short of tori) and path of insertion being changed (seating the denture labially first) may be necessary to facilitate better adaptation. An additional expectation would be the possibility of requiring more than normal post-delivery adjustments.

85 CaseR Dental Student Session D (5WW-12) CASE REPORT: TECHNIQUE FOR INCREASING RETENTION OF MAXILLARY COMPLETE DENTURE Gong M, Shin E, Tan S Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

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Abstracts Background and Objective: The maxillary complete denture typically exhibits better retention than the mandibular denture as it can achieve a peripheral seal with border tissues. Inadequate posterior palatal seal (PPS) and improperly extended posterior borders can compromise proper denture retention and function. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate a technique to diagnose and correct underextended denture borders by performing site-specific hard reline on the patient’s existing denture.

Findings: 68 y/o male patient presented for a 1-month post-delivery appointment of his newly fabricated complete dentures. The patient expressed concerns that the maxillary denture had weak retention, especially while eating. During the appointment, it was discovered that the maxillary denture failed to fully cover the patient’s left hamular notch, resulting in an underextended left posterior border. To address this issue, rope wax was added along the left posterior border of the prosthesis and placed intraorally to recapture the hamular notch and re-establish the PPS. Consequently, the retention of the maxillary denture was significantly improved. An extraoral lab putty was then made to capture the modified posterior border, defined by the rope wax. Once the putty set, the rope wax was removed and replaced with GC hard reline resin. The hardened resin was adjusted to create a harmonious contour with the denture. As a result, the maxillary denture now exhibits improved retention against the palate, and the patient is satisfied with the enhanced fit.

Significance for Practice: This report highlights a method to diagnose and correct an underextended posterior border of a maxillary denture using a chairside hard reline technique. This helps to avoid a more costly lab reline procedure and reduce the need for denture adhesives. By enhancing the retention and stability of the denture, we were able to improve the patient’s overall satisfaction with his prosthesis.

86 CaseR Dental Student Session C (5WW-13) INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH CONSIDERING ESTHETICS FOR PARTIALLY EDENTULOUS: A CASE REPORT Pinos Luzuriaga A1, Shahin B2 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Background and Objective: The oral rehabilitation of missing dentition, especially anterior teeth, is fundamental in dentistry because of its importance in esthetics and masticatory function. Moreover, the significance of a holistic approach through interdisciplinary work is essential.

Findings: The patient is a 65-year-old male who came to the UIC College of Dentistry clinic with a chief complaint, “My lower teeth feel loose, and I want to replace the upper missing tooth.” During the comprehensive oral examination, it was revealed that the patient has smoked 1-2 cigarettes per day for the past 50 years and presents an oral lesion on the side of his tongue that required further evaluation and referral to the oral surgery department. The patient was otherwise healthy.

Significance for Practice: The purpose of this case report is to highlight the importance of an interdisciplinary approach, patient education, and treatment sequencing to achieve optimal outcomes in patients with areas of missing teeth in esthetic areas.

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Abstracts 87 CaseR Dental Student Session D (5WW-14) IMPLANT ASSISTED REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE: A CASE REPORT

Rueda-Marshall VP, Botwe H, Afshari FS, Sukotjo C, Fang Q Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Background and Objective: By utilizing implant and tooth-supported removable partial dentures, we aim to significantly improve both stability and functionality.

This approach offers a more secure and comfortable fit, potentially surpassing the conventional method that relies solely on teeth support. Integrating an implant abutment with natural teeth abutments not only fosters affordability, but also enhances esthetics by minimizing the need for visible clasps. This is particularly advantageous for individuals needing a clasp on an anterior tooth where esthetics are crucial.

Clinicians often face the challenge of satisfying esthetically demanding patients with financial constraints, making this dual-support design a valuable option to enhance overall patient satisfaction.

Findings: A conventional tooth-supported partial with anterior teeth abutments raises esthetic concerns due to noticeable clasps. Meanwhile, traditional implant-supported FPDs involve financial considerations due to the cost of expensive components. Opting for a combination of tooth- and implant-supported abutments not only maintains esthetic integrity, but can also help mitigate expenses, thereby enhancing overall patient satisfaction with treatment.

Significance for Practice: The primary objective of this case report is to provide both patients and clinicians with insights into exploring the use of tooth-implant supported prostheses in the maxilla. This case demonstrates how such innovative approaches can enhance not only functionality and stability, but also amplify patient satisfaction, especially in cases involving patients with heightened esthetic concerns. We seek to foster a deeper understanding of its potential benefits, thereby empowering both patients and clinicians in making well-informed decisions regarding oral healthcare treatment modalities that align with the unique needs of esthetically demanding cases in the maxilla.

88 CaseR Dental Student Session C (5WW-15) MODIFYING PPS AREA OF MAXILLARY WAX RIM TO IMPROVE RETENTION Scheel S, Tan S Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: Proper fit and retention of the maxillary wax rim is essential for fabrication of the complete denture. The fit and adaptation of the posterior palatal seal (PPS) area of the wax rim has an effect on the retention of the maxillary wax rim. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate a technique for modification of an existing maxillary wax rim to improve retention.

Findings: A 53 y/o male presented for a wax rim try-in appointment for maxillary and mandibular complete dentures. During the appointment, it was noted that the maxillary 89

Abstracts wax rim had poor retention, and air bubbles can be seen escaping from the PPS area.

Further evaluation revealed an improper seal in the area of the right hamular notch, evidenced by air bubbles escaping from this area when pressure was applied to the wax rim. The area was initially relined with the use of rope wax to determine if a reline would resolve the retention issue. The newly relined wax rim exhibited improved retention, indicating the need for a more permanent reline solution. The PPS area was carved on the master cast, and Triad material was added to the intaglio of the maxillary wax rim. The newly added Triad was light-cured and excess material was subsequently removed. The retention of the newly modified maxillary wax rim was evaluated at the anterior tooth try-in appointment and the wax rim demonstrated significantly improved retention, allowing for completion of fabrication of the trial dentures.

Significance for Practice: The purpose of this report is to provide clinicians with a technique to modify existing maxillary wax rim to increase retention. The modification of the PPS area of the wax rim prevents the need for remake of the wax rim.

89 CaseR Dental Student Session D (5WW-16) METAL FRAMEWORK REINFORCED MANDIBULAR IOD FOR PATIENT WITH REPEAT FRACTURES Van Auken M, Goodare-Rosenthal N, Sukotjo C Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: Implant over dentures (IODs) offer patients notable advantages, including reduced bone reabsorption, enhanced retention and stability, improved masticatory effectiveness, diminished pain during mastication, and heightened sensory perception. Despite these benefits, IODs fall short in providing optimal strength to dentures. To address this concern, one effective approach involves reinforcing mandibular dentures with a metal framework.

Findings: This case report documents a 56-year-old female at UIC Chicago clinic with a recurrent issue of her lower denture fracturing, even after receiving implants.

The patient expressed dissatisfaction after experiencing similar failures with her two previous mandibular prostheses, both exhibiting fractures originating at the lingual aspect of the anterior teeth and extending between teeth 23 and 24 to the facial aspect.

Denture fabrication commenced with an initial alginate impression, followed by the creation of a custom tray used for a final impression, obtained using border molding, locator impression coping, and medium body Polyvinyl Siloxane (PVS). The metal framework was designed using the master cast and processed for fabrication. The returned metal framework was integrated into the triad acrylic base plate of the wax rim.

Significance for Practice: The patient underwent multiple try-in appointments, including assessments of vertical dimension of occlusion and bite registration.

Following the mounting of casts and setting of anterior and posterior teeth, a remount was deemed necessary during the posterior try-in appointment. The final try-in appointment confirmed the patient's satisfaction with the result, prompting the denture's transfer to the lab for fabrication. The final denture with the integrated metal framework was completed on January 3, 2024 and is set to be delivered to the patient 90

Abstracts on January 29, 2024. We are expecting subsequent adjustments to be made during the delivery appointment and the patient will return for 24-hour and 1-week follow-ups, allowing for minor adjustments for an optimal fit.

Funding: Funding for materials were provided by UIC College of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry.

90 PHS Resident Session C (5WW-17) DENTAL AGE ESTIMATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS IN A US URBAN POPULATION

Sethi N1, Alrayyes SM1, Colvard M2, Sciote J3, Carr S4, Echeumena O5, Nicholas CL6 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 3 Department of Orthodontics, Temple University Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA 4 UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 5 UIC College of Applied Health Sciences, Chicago, IL 6 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Hypothesis and Objective: Timing of dental development is a multifactorial process likely driven by a multitude of genetic and environmental factors. This study aims to 1) assess if factors including body mass index, ancestry, socioeconomic status, and geographic location influence dental development and 2) evaluate commonly used dental age estimation methods and their applicability to a contemporary urban mixedancestry population in Chicago, IL. Methods: Subjects included established patients who are aged 5-17 (and their parents) of the University of Illinois-Chicago Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic clinics.

Participants completed a two-part survey asking detailed questions about ancestry, socioeconomic status, and food security. Additionally, radiographic analysis of clinically indicated recent panoramic images was completed using London Dental Atlas Assessment. Socioeconomic status was categorized based upon parents/ guardians’ reported income and education level. Dental age was calculated and compared to chronological age, with standard statistical analysis of survey data.

Results: In our sample, preliminary results show age estimates from the London Dental Atlas consistently overestimated actual chronological age (p<0.001) by an average of 1.4 years. Estimated dental age did not vary significantly by ancestry, socioeconomic status, or self-reported food insecurity. The sample, although preliminary, was unexpectedly more homogenous than expected based upon clinic demographics.

Approximately 66% of respondents identified as Hispanic/Latinx and 76% falling into the low-income category. Among Latinx respondents, 76% specified Mexican or Mexican American as their ethnic background, and 29% reported some degree of food insecurity.

Conclusions: This project presents preliminary data from an investigation seeking to examine dental age across a diverse, contemporary sample of children. Lack of variation in relative dental development by ancestry and environmental variables may 91

Abstracts reflect the complexity of interaction among factors which contribute to timing of dental development.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2022-1374.

91 CaseR Resident Session D (5WW-18) PROSTHODONTIC REHABILITATION OF A PEDIATRIC PATIENT POST MANDIBULECTOMY: CASE REPORT

Fayz L1, Callahan NF2, Ghunaim DH1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Background and Objective: 3-year-old male presents with pathology of the anterior mandible diagnosed as Myxomatous Mesenchymal Proliferative and Complex Odontoma. Patient underwent a mandibulectomy and reconstruction with costochondral (rib) graft to face and chin. Historically, rib grafts were for condyle reconstruction but fallen out of favor. Currently almost exclusively used for pediatric reconstruction. Prosthodontic evaluation approximately 4 months later for treatment of pediatric patient missing mandibular dentition except #T. Findings: Intraoral scan of the maxillary arch completed. Laboratory putty and adjusted smallest pediatric tray used to impress mandibular arch reconstructed with rib graft. Casts poured, wax rim fabricated, CR record made, mounted. Pediatric teeth tried in. Processed and delivered mandibular resin partial denture with teeth and Adam’s clasp around #T. Significance for Practice: Prosthodontic rehabilitation of the pediatric patient, although a rarer occurrence, is a need and this case raises awareness of the prosthetic solutions possible for these patients who do not need to be left edentulous until they are of more mature dental age. Behavioral management and need for fabrication of new prostheses are important factors to consider as well.

92 PHS Resident Session C (5WW-19) COMIC BOOK INSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL ORAL HEALTH LITERACY IN CHILDREN Thomas S1, Yuan J2, Desai B1, Avenetti DM1, Sukotjo C2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Hypothesis and Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if comic book instruction can help improve oral health literacy for children and caregivers. The secondary objective was to determine if improved oral health literacy, as measured by pre and posttest, is matched by improvement in clinical outcomes as measured by plaque levels. We hypothesize that the correlation between oral health beliefs and comic book instruction will be more significant compared to oral hygiene instructions by verbal instruction alone.

Methods: Children (7 - 12 years old) due for recall were recruited. Children and caregivers dyads were randomly assigned to the control group (verbal instruction only) or intervention (use of comic book) group. Plaque disclosing solution measured 92

Abstracts baseline plaque levels. Caregivers and patients completed a survey before and after reading the oral health instruction comic book. Participants will return for 6-month recall to assess oral health information retention and plaque levels as a measure of improved functional oral health literacy. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistics (Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney U tests) with α=0.05.

Results: Sixty-one dyads (average child age 9.66 years ± 1.64 years) were enrolled and randomized. Thirty dyads were assigned to the intervention group, and 31 dyads were assigned to the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in oral health knowledge following use of comic book instruction at the baseline visit.

Overall, positive changes in oral health beliefs were observed for caregivers with respect to diet and for children with respect to appropriate oral hygiene practices.

Conclusions: Comic book oral health instruction demonstrated greater effectiveness in positively influencing oral health beliefs. At 6-month recall, plaque levels and oral health knowledge will be re-evaluated to assess sustained improvement in oral health beliefs.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: #2022-1324.

93 CaseR Resident Session D (5WW-20) IMPLANT PLACEMENT IN ADULT PATIENT WITH CHERUBISM

Halasa RS, Licht SC2, Callahan NF2, Ghunaim DH1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Background and Objective: Cherubism is a rare genetic disorder, involving the bilateral enlargement of the mandible and/or maxilla. Molecularly, mutations in the SH3BP2 gene are implicated in cherubism. These mutations lead to disruption in the regulation of the MSx-1 gene which is crucial for normal craniofacial development and regresses with age. This disruption results in overactivity of osteoclasts and abnormal bone remodeling. Dental manifestations of cherubism encompass early deciduous tooth exfoliation, impaction, and/or displacement, agenesis of permanent teeth, and root resorption among other things.

Findings: 25-year-old female patient with oligodontia associated with cherubism present to the prosthodontic clinic with ill-fitting dentures. The patient reports history of frequent denture fractures, gradual occlusal changes, as well as root resorption, pain, and mobility with the remaining natural teeth. The treatment involved extracting teeth with a poor prognosis, alveoplasty to create sufficient restorative space, and mandibular implant placement for future implant-supported overdenture.

Significance for Practice: Limited evidence exists regarding the use of dental implants for restorative rehabilitation of patients with cherubsim. This case report highlights that dental implants can be a viable treatment option for individuals with cherubism.

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Abstracts 94 PHS Resident Session C (5WW-21) IMPACT OF COVID-19 OFFICE CLOSURES ON ORTHODONTIC OUTCOMES IN ILLINOIS Tsuei R, Allareddy V, Lee MK, Oubaidin M Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis and Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the existing oral health care crisis in the United States. During the first wave of the pandemic, dental governing bodies across the world called for the shutdown of dental offices, as dental procedures were considered high-risk events for disease transmission. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the closure of dental offices on orthodontic outcomes. We hypothesize that the shutdown is associated with an increase in adverse orthodontic events.

Methods: A browser-based questionnaire was distributed to all 455 active members of the Illinois Society of Orthodontists (ISO). The 31-item survey consisted of yes/ no options, dropdown choices, multiple-choice, and open-ended answers. Descriptive statistics were analyzed by frequency distribution, and exact Chi-square tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess for correlation relationships.

Results: Most respondents (88%) agreed that there was a delay in provision of periodic care, and nearly all of them (92.7%) attributed the delay to regional or state regulations. About two-thirds of the respondents (61.8%) reported using teledentistry during the shutdown period. The average treatment time increased significantly from 20 to 23 months (p=0.003). There was also a significant increase of adverse orthodontic events during the closure period, including displaced wires (p=0.007), overexpansion of the maxillary arch (0.034), development of posterior crossbites (0.018), proclined mandibular incisor teeth (0.007), fenestrations/dehiscences of the labial bone (0.043), white spot lesions (p<0.001), carious lesions (p<0.001), poor oral hygiene (p<0.001), broken appliances (p<0.001, and inadvertent tooth movement (p=0.008).

Conclusions: The findings of this survey suggest that the closure of dental practices during the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on orthodontic care.

The results also highlight the importance of periodic orthodontic adjustments in maintaining oral hygiene and preventing adverse outcomes during orthodontic treatment.

Funding: American Association of Orthodontics Foundation (AAOF). IRB Protocol #: 2022-0779.

95 CaseR Resident Session D (5WW-22) MINIMALLY INVASIVE ADHESIVE REHABILITATION OF YOUNG PATIENT WITH SEVERE EROSION Kim D, Yang B Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: The severely worn dentition is traditionally managed with full coverage crowns, resulting in the near complete removal of enamel from 94

Abstracts the dentition, and acceleration of the tooth deteriorating cycle. With the recent development in adhesive technology, adequate retention and resistance of restorations can be gained through micromechanical retention and chemical bonding, minimizing the need for preparation solely for the purpose of retention or resistance. This allows for the maximal preservation of tooth structure, delaying the tooth deteriorating cycle.

Other benefits of adhesion include prevention of post-operative sensitivity, higher fracture resistance of restoration, and favorable load transfer to the tooth. The objective of this case report is to illustrate the scientific rationale, and clinical workflow of minimally invasive adhesive rehabilitation of a young patient with erosion.

Case Summary: 19 years old female patient presented with white spot lesions, and classic pattern of intrinsic erosive wear with an acidic diet etiology.

Caries risk assessment, caries prevention protocol, and rehabilitation of dentition were successfully completed with diet management, remineralization, ICON resin infiltration, partial coverage indirect ceramics, and BioClear injection molded composite restorations. Preparations were kept minimal to none through the challenge of vertical dimension of occlusion, and preparations guided by direct composite mockup. Immediate dentin sealing technique was used to prevent post-operative sensitivity, and secure the hybrid layer after preparations. 3D-printed night-time occlusal guard was delivered for long-term maintenance of restorations.

Significance for Practice: The purpose of this case report is to inform clinicians of the science of adhesive dentistry, and the diagnosis, treatment planning, and rehabilitation of young patients with erosive wear using a pro-active and minimally-invasive approach prioritizing biological longevity.

96 PHS Resident Session C (5WW-23) ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY COMPLICATIONS FROM NATIONAL SURGICAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM DATA

Zhang S1, Allareddy V1, Oubaidin M1, Sanchez FJC1, Gajendrareddy P2, Lee MK1 1 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Periodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Objective: This study aimed to assess complications related to orthognathic surgery for skeletal malocclusions using data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP).

Hypothesis: Patient comorbidities and demographic characteristics associated with orthognathic surgery-related complications.

Methods: Between 2005 and 2019, 1196 orthognathic surgeries were performed on patients aged 16 years and older. Risk factor analyses revealed several patient and procedure-related characteristics associated with specific post-operative complications.

Results: Patients aged 34 years and older had a higher risk of bleeding requiring transfusion, return to the operating room, longer operating time, and hospital stay.

Patients of Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander descent had an increased risk of superficial surgical site infection, while patients of Black or African American descent had an increased risk of bleeding requiring transfusion. Inpatient status, higher ASA classification, and being female were also associated with longer operating times and 95

Abstracts hospital stays.

Conclusions: This study identified high risk cohorts for developing complications during and immediately following an orthognathic surgery. The study findings can aid healthcare providers in making better informed surgical decisions and treatment plans for better patient care in the future.

Funding: Dr. Allan G. Brodie Craniofacial Chair Endowment and Dr. Robert and Donna Litowitz Fund. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: IRB protocol #2021-0939.

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97 EdR Dental Student Session A (4EE-1) EXAMINING PERCEPTIONS OF DENTAL STUDENTS TOWARDS ACTIVE VERSUS TRADITIONAL LEARNING Awais R1, Viana MG2, Odeh LA1 Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Hypothesis and Objective: This study aims to evaluate the perceived effectiveness of active learning in comparison to traditional learning within an educational setting, with a specific focus on foreign-trained dental students at UIC, College of Dentistry (UICCOD). It is hypothesized that active learning is perceived by students as being a more effective method of learning leading to deep learning, critical thinking and problem solving.

Methods: This study was conducted as a survey given to two cohorts of dental students at UIC-COD, i.e., DMD-AS Classes of 2024 and 2025. Both cohorts had the opportunity of studying in a TBL (active learning) setting for 6 months during their first spring and summer semesters. They were requested to provide anonymous feedback using a survey delivered through Qualtrics on their opinion regarding the efficacy of active learning and how they feel about it as students. The survey consisted of 15 statements using a 5-point Likert scale and considered exempt by the UIC IRB committee. Student participation was completely voluntary. The results of the survey were then analyzed by a UIC COD statistician.

Results: According to the survey results, participants overwhelmingly favored the dynamic and interactive nature of active learning, highlighting its potential to enhance overall educational experiences.

Conclusions: In conclusion, the survey results support our hypothesis that active learning is a valuable adjunct to traditional learning. This approach not only cultivates deeper understanding but also stimulates greater engagement, critical thinking, problem-solving, and improves retention and application of knowledge.

Sponsor: ADCFP ADEA. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-1235.

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Abstracts 98 EdR Dental Student Session B (4EE-2) VIDEO-BASED LEARNING IN PRE-PATIENT CARE ENDODONTIC EDUCATION

Bui AM, Xie Q Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Objective: Previous predoctoral students at the UIC College of Dentistry have mentioned the lack of updated demonstration videos as a challenge in the pre-patient care endodontic course. The purpose of this study is to assess the benefits of newly developed demonstration videos on student performance and comfortability with root canal treatments.

Hypothesis: Demonstration videos with detailed explanations can enhance the prepatient care endodontic experience and help students feel more comfortable with root canal treatments.

Methods: Demonstration videos were created weekly and uploaded before each session as an optional study resource. 66 second-year dental students (Class of 2026) enrolled in the pre-patient care endodontic course were invited to participate in a survey that assesses the efficacy of demonstration videos and student comfortability with root canal treatments. A comparison of exam scores with students from previous years (Class of 2021, 2022, 2024, 2025) is used to quantitatively assess the efficacy of the demonstration videos on student performance. Statistical analysis was completed.

Results: The survey received a 45.5% response rate (30/66 students). 80% of responses ranked that the course prepares students “moderately well” and “very well” for root canal treatments. Students are most comfortable with treating straightforward premolars and anteriors, followed by mandibular molars and maxillary molars. 89.7% ranked the demonstration videos from “moderately helpful” to “extremely helpful.”

41.7% described the videos as one of the most helpful resources. However, quantitative assessment reveals non-significant changes in exam results compared to students from previous years (p>0.05).

Conclusions: Under the present circumstances, updated demonstration videos do not appear to have a statistically significant impact on student performance, but student surveys indicated that they find the videos to be a helpful resource. Further research is needed to quantitatively assess the efficacy of the videos.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-1194.

99 EdR Dental Student Session A (4EE-3) A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF VIDEO-BASED DENTAL OCCLUSION EDUCATION Deek M, Chang PP Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate first-year dental students’ perceived effectiveness of and preference for video lesson plans.

Hypothesis: Students will have perceived preferences for video lesson plans versus other methods of instruction.

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Abstracts Methods: A video was produced for a highly demonstrable topic of dental occlusion, Posselt’s envelope of motion. A survey was provided to first-year dental students to provide feedback and preferences for the video in comparison to a voiceover recorded presentation and live, in-person instruction on the topic. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the qualitative data. Thematic content analysis with a constant comparative approach was used and consensus achieved by two reviewers to identify prevalent themes.

Results: Students expressed an overwhelmingly positive response to the video. A prevalent theme of overall positive impression was identified in 32/32 responses, 21/32 described it as helpful, and 16/32 responses appreciated improved visualization and demonstration in the video versus live instruction. When asked for recommendations for improvement in video instruction, the main theme was students wanted more video instruction (13/31) followed by no improvement (11/31). When asked which topics video demonstration would supplement their learning, 13/31 students indicated any topics that involve movement or motion. For quantitative analysis, 100% percent of respondents (n=36) indicated their understanding of Posselt’s envelope of motion either significantly or slightly increased after watching the video.

Conclusions: Students noted the unique contributions of video, including improved visualization and demonstration, as being helpful in learning topics that involve movement or motion. There is demand for more video instruction, and students appreciate the more videos they are provided. Respondents ranked video as the most helpful method of instruction to learn pre-clinical dentistry.

IRB #: 2023-1197.

100 EdR Dental Student Session B (4EE-4) THE IMPACT OF PROCEDURAL REFLECTION ON DENTAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT Hage GA, Maddalozzo JR, Chang PP Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis: Subjects who perform Procedural Reflection of newly acquired dental skills will demonstrate critical thinking, error prevention, and self-assessment in an effort to improve outcomes.

Objectives: Qualitatively assess procedural reflections through the analysis of themes and patterns in critical reasoning, problem solving strategies and self-awareness.

Identify potential areas for improving the integration of reflective practices within the dental education curricula. Methods: First year dental students completed a procedural reflection and photography assignment based on waxing a full crown restoration on tooth #3. Assignments were graded and evaluated by faculty. After the semester had ended, consenting subjects were de-identified and analysis occurred. Three reviewers performed thematic content analysis with a constant comparative approach to identify themes and patterns in critical reasoning, problem solving strategies and selfawareness.

Results: The following significant themes were identified during review of the procedural reflections (percent of subjects): Subjects strategically described corrections 98

Abstracts throughout their waxing process (100%). Subjects expressed that if given the opportunity, they would do something differently (90%) Subjects frequently found themselves in an inefficient cycle (85%). Subjects felt patience is necessary for success (70%). Subjects identified a deficiency but decided not to correct it (50%).

Conclusions: Procedural Reflections provide opportunities for dental students to think critically about their progress, what could be improved, what needs to change and how they would solve problems as they develop their clinical decision-making skills in preparations for patient care. Learners with well-developed clinical acumen can effectively identify aspects which can be improved. Procedural Reflection is a method of assessment which can provide faculty with unique insights on perceived challenges, critical thinking ability, and areas of potential improvement during the development of procedural skills and ultimately, clinical decision-making. Dental educators should consider integrating opportunities for Procedural Reflection throughout the curriculum.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: IRB Protocol #2023-1101.

101 EdR Dental Student Session A (4EE-5) ADOPTION OF AI-DRIVEN CHATBOTS IN CLINICAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: STUDENT PERSPECTIVES

Kamal I1, Reynaldi R2, Araminta AS2, Saini P1, Yuan JC1, Qomariyah NN2, Sukotjo C1, Fang Q1 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta Indonesia Rueda-Marshall VP, Botwe H, Afshari FS, Sukotjo C, Fang Q Objective and Hypothesis: The aim of this study is to develop a custom-developed chatbot (CB) for implant clinical education, and to understand how dental students perceive it compared to the conventional UIC Blackboard (BB) learning platform. This study will provide insights into the educational value, engagement potential, and areas of concern for the chatbot technology. We hypothesize that students will appreciate the interactive and dynamic nature of the chatbot compared to Blackboard.

Methods: Predoctoral D3 and D4 dental students (n=86) at UIC COD providing verbal consent were randomly assigned with a 1:1 allocation to engage with either BB (n=43) or CB (n=43) platforms for 10-15 minutes, focusing inquiries on the realm of implant clinic. A list of 35 common questions was provided as a guide. Students then answered a six-point Likert scale survey containing 19 items, rating the platform’s engagement, functionality, and limitations. Data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics, and nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests (α=0.05) to compare the two learning systems.

Results: Participants in both the BB and CB groups showed a commendable understanding of AI technology. Students believe CB to provide significantly improved efficiency, timeliness, quality of information, interaction, and receptiveness. CB was also perceived to reduce faculty load, alleviate student anxiety, and be more recommendable. Concerns remain regarding CB potentially providing incorrect information and possibility for replacing human interaction.

Conclusions: Integration of AI-powered chatbot technology in dental clinical 99

Abstracts education is perceived by students to increase engagement and efficiency. While this shows much potential for advancing the educational environment, addressing the areas of concern remains necessary for successful integration.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-0876.

102 EdR Dental Student Session B (4EE-6) SURVEY ANALYSIS OF AN ADJUNCT LEARNING RESOURCE FOR ENDODONTIC DIAGNOSIS Lindberg CE1, Viana MG2, Odeh LA1 Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the functionality and usefulness of a digital interactive flowchart for endodontic diagnosis through a survey administered to second year dental students at UIC College of Dentistry.

Hypothesis: Dental student knowledge and confidence in endodontic diagnosis increase after using the flowchart. Students view the flowchart as a beneficial adjunct resource for learning about endodontic diagnosis.

Methods: To assess the effectiveness of the flowchart as an adjunct learning resource, the flowchart was incorporated into a small group learning case for 2nd year dental students at UIC College of Dentistry. A Qualtrics survey was provided to students at the conclusion of the case to assess functionality and usefulness of the flowchart.

Survey questions were adapted from a previous validated survey.

Results: Student feedback regarding the digital flowchart revealed that students found the information within the flowchart to be informational and beneficial to their understanding of endodontic diagnosis. Critiques of the flowchart showed that it was often difficult to navigate, provided too much information on certain slides, and that the website used to support the flowchart often lagged.

Conclusions: The feedback regarding the flowchart suggests that this resource is a useful adjunct for learning endodontic diagnosis. The results of this study suggest that continued improvement and evaluation of the flowchart is needed. Subsequent plans for this project include improving navigation of flowchart and expanding availability of the flowchart to a larger audience.

Funding: ADEA ADCFP. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-1195.

103 EdR Dental Student Session A (4EE-7) ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING ON FUTURE DENTAL CAREERS Melatti MC1, Noorullah K2, Eapen A1 Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

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Abstracts Hypothesis and Objective: Low educational status, income disparity, race discrimination, and social determinants are upstream factors that force millions of Americans to forgo dental treatment each year. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of experiential learning via extramural rotations on dental students’ intention to treat underserved populations after graduation. This submission continues from a previous study by considering data from two additional years, both during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesize that upon completion of extramural rotations, students will be significantly more inclined to provide care to underserved populations. Further, we expect to see an increased inclination to treat underserved populations after students experienced the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Data for this report was collected through an anonymous survey that was administered to D4 and AS4 students prior to graduation in 2019, 2020, and 2022.

Qualitative data was coded using an inductive technique for descriptive analysis.

Quantitative data was recorded using a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed via bivariate analysis.

Results: Statistical analysis is currently underway. If the findings support our hypothesis, we would expect to see a statistically significant association between an increased number of rotations completed and an increased influence on plans to treat underserved populations. We would also expect this association to grow stronger as students experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. Lastly, we would expect to find that location and student loans continue to be primary barriers preventing students from serving this population.

Conclusions: Similar to the previous study, these results have the potential to support a call for increased experiential learning opportunities to be integrated into dental school curriculum. Further, the inclusion of responses from during the COVID-19 pandemic may provide insight on the impact that major public health events have on dental students and their inclination to work with underserved populations.

Funding: ADEA ADCFP. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2017-0767.

104 EdR Dental Student Session B (4EE-8) STUDENT EVALUATION OF AFTER-VISIT SUMMARIES IN ACADEMIC DENTAL SETTINGS Olivar AV, Deeb LW, Lymberopoulos G, Yuan JC, Sukotjo C, Afshari FS Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the after-visit summary (AVS) from a student perspective and perception of its utility, clinical and educational implications.

Materials and Methods: An after-visit summary template was created by a panel of select faculty members in the electronic health record (axiUm) at the UIC (UIC) College of Dentistry. An anonymous electronic survey was disseminated via Qualtrics to all third and fourth year UIC dental students to evaluate their clinical use of the AVS and level of satisfaction. Additionally, a select group of fourth year UIC dental students participated in a focus group and reflect on their perceptions of the AVS, its benefits and potential for improvement.

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Abstracts Results: One hundred fifty-four students (63%) participated in the survey. Most participants were satisfied/very satisfied with communicating post-op instructions with the patient using the AVS (85.8%) and over two-thirds felt that it improved communication with their patients (68.2%). Two-thirds of participants were satisfied/ very satisfied with the reduction in time re-educating the patients on their dental treatment and post-operative instructions (63.6%). Additionally, a focus group of nine participants reported that AVS is an effective, validating resource in communicating with patients and caregivers. Students felt the AVS validated and legitimized the information conveyed by them. Recommendations for formatting changes included its translation in different languages and incorporation of video files.

Conclusions: Dental students considered AVS as an effective resource to improve communication with patients and caregivers. This study will contribute for further optimization of the AVS to improve patients’ understanding of their oral health care, increase compliance, and therefore enhance person-centered care in the academic setting.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: IRB Protocol #2023-0459.

105 LitR Undergraduate Session A (4EE-9) IMPROVING OPERATING ROOM ACCESS FOR PATIENTS WITH COMPLEX HEALTH CONDITIONS Banchs LA1, Kratunova EH2 University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Background and Objective: Limited accessibility of operating rooms (ORs) for patients with complex health conditions, especially in pediatric dentistry, presents barriers to timely and adequate care. Such challenges may impact both patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. This literature review aims to identify key factors impeding OR access and propose solutions to enhance OR utilization, ultimately improving patient outcomes, reducing wait times, and improving overall surgical resource management.

Method of Review: A search was conducted using the PubMed database with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) "Pediatric Dentistry," "Dental Rehabilitation," and "Operating Room Efficiency." Utilizing five defined inclusion criteria, 12 articles were selected for final review.

Findings: Dental rehabilitation in the operating room is critically needed for patients with complex health conditions. Many of these patients face health disparities and suffer from significant dental decay. OR access continues to be a persistent problem.

Delays in treatment, while waiting for general anesthesia (GA), result in chronic tooth pain, infections, life-threatening fascial space involvement, and hospital admissions.

Improving OR utilization is desirable to increase the number of patients treated and to reduce waiting times. The inability to accurately predict case duration and the variability of case time have been identified as important factors in the underutilization of allotted OR block time. Factors predicting case duration time include patient age (P=.01); ASA classification (P=.006); treatment type (P<.001); number of teeth treated 102

Abstracts (P<.001); and dentist operator type (P=.005). The influence of the number of stainlesssteel crowns, pulp treatments, composite and amalgam restorations, patient’s BMI, and primary vs permanent tooth procedures have not been studied.

Conclusions: Developing an efficient scheduling protocol is imperative to optimize the utilization of operating room time. Performing a regression analysis of factors that affect dental procedure duration could enable the development of a scheduling protocol that can accurately predict OR utilization block time.

106 LitR Undergraduate Session A (4EE-10) CROSS-TALK BETWEEN CIRCADIAN RHYTHM AND SLEEP BRUXISM: EMPHASIS ON CHRONOTYPES

Jennett L1, Al-Ghoul WM1, Smith Q1, Kaste LM2 Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

1

Background and Objective: The purpose of this literature review was to answer the question: Is there a bidirectional relationship between circadian rhythms and dental medicine/oral health, with emphasis on whether sleep bruxism and sleep apnea vary with different chronotypes?

Method of Review: The search inclusion criteria of 1. chronotype and sleep apnea; 2. chronotype and bruxism; and 3. chronotype, sleep apnea, and bruxism were the basis for searching using PubMed, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, and MEDLINE search engines.

Findings: Sleep contributes to the circadian rhythm/clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus via an input pathway or axis. Awareness and sleep are related to the cortical layer. Circadian alignment is essential for sleep management. Factors outside of genetics, such as activity and environment, may define the time of day a person feels at their best, prefers to start their day, or when they feel sleepy. Based on standards of circadian rhythm studies related to morningness or eveningness chronotypes, we narrowed our search to two chronotypes. Studies proposed that an individual’s phase relationship is influenced by the environment and other factors, while rhythm dysfunction or interruption could cause diverse oral-maxillofacial pathology (i.e., oral carcinoma). Chronotypes dependent on the circadian rhythm are shown to influence peripheral rhythms that are correlated with health outcomes that include oral health.

Individuals with morning chronotypes exhibit better general health and oral health than those with eveningness chronotypes. Interestingly, insufficient sleep has been shown to contribute to caries development via saliva flow and composition, amongst other effects. Recent findings have demonstrated a link where one in four individuals with sleep apnea disorder experience nocturnal bruxism.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest a bidirectional relationship between circadian rhythm and oral health. Furthermore, limited work explored whether sleep bruxism varies in patients with sleep apnea of different chronotypes.

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Abstracts 107 LitR Undergraduate Session A (4EE-11) HEALING RELATIONSHIPS IN DENTISTRY

Shaikh A1, Elkadi F2 Noorullah K3, Iqbal L3, Tomar SL3, Smith PD3, Bilal S3 1 UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO 3 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Background and Objective: With many discrepancies in patient-dentist relationships and interactions, there has not been a common understanding of the importance and impact of healing relationships in the field of dentistry. A consensus must be reached on how and in what way healing relationships can be adequately understood and implemented. The goal of this study is to review the literature for studies evaluating healing relationships in dentistry, patient-dentist interaction, and patient well-being. To identify future implications in the dental curriculum.

Method of Review: A search using Google Scholar and PubMed databases was conducted using the MeSH terms “healing relationship”, “empathy”, “dental care”, and “patient-centered care”. Specifically defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and 12 articles were selected for the final detailed review.

Findings: Patient-centered care (PCC) is the driving force when establishing patient-dentist relationships. Patient voice is central to understanding the impact that healthcare and dental care have on the relationship. Limited studies found no correlation between patient-dentist relationship. Low to middle-income household patients sought to be heard with their emotions and aided in making uncertain decisions regarding treatment. Those patients who were given comfort and empathy were more likely to participate in surveys and continue care. Communication was the backbone of fostering healthy patient-dentist relationships.

Conclusions: Healing relationships are crucial in establishing trust and care in dentistry. Patient-centered dentistry is essential however there is currently very little representation in curriculum and in practice. More data is needed to be collected and analyzed to show greater correlation and to establish the necessary adjustments in care and curriculum to focus on patient-centered dentistry to encourage healing relationships.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2022-1381.

108 LitR Undergraduate Session A (4EE-12) SALIVA TESTING ACCEPTABILITY AND PERCEPTIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW Sharma D1, Kaste LM2, Pesavento RP2 UIC College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Background and Objective: Saliva collection is an emerging testing method being used within the healthcare field for a variety of purposes such as finding a genetic biomarker, measuring for a disease, and as a testing method with the COVID-19 pandemic due to its cost effectiveness and short time turn-over for the results. This 104

Abstracts study aims to assess the perception of saliva collection as an acceptable testing method.

Method of Review: A search using PubMed was conducted using MeSH terms and keywords: “saliva testing acceptability”, “saliva testing perception”, “saliva testing fear”, “attitude of saliva testing”, “saliva collection fear” and “saliva collection acceptability”. Searches were restricted to English, human subjects and the past five years.

Findings: Out of the search, 24 studies were selected for the final literature review with studies being rather global, including those from Australia, Canada, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominican Republic, France, French-Guiana, Germany, Ghana, India, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Tanzania and USA. Vulnerable populations such as younger children (n=8), older adults (n=4) and those underrepresented in healthcare populations such as female sex workers (n=3), impoverished (n= 7), children with special needs (n=1) and ethnic minorities(n=4) were found to have a high acceptability towards saliva testing. Saliva testing is often preferred over other more invasive methods such as nasopharyngeal swabbing (n=11) or blood-based testing (n=6). Similarities were found in the acceptance of saliva testing by country, gender, language, or disease/condition/purpose for which they were tested.

This literature suggests that level of education and awareness impacts the acceptance of saliva testing.

Conclusions: Diverse populations generally accept the use of salivary testing. Further study is merited concerning understanding of implications for use of the test and community patients’ awareness of accuracy and other factors.

109 LitR Undergraduate Session A(4EE-13) PROTEINS, BIOLOGY AND CIRCADIAN CLOCKS POTENTIAL IN ORAL HEALTH DISEASES Smith Q1, Al-Ghoul WM1, Jennett L1, Kaste LM2 Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

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Background and Objective: We explored the role of constitutive and secreted proteins as components of the oral cavity with their connections to the digestive system and impact via the circadian clock. Furthermore, we investigated whether the production of saliva is linked to the interplay between the digestive system and the circadian clock.

Method of Review: Literature searching was conducted using MeSH and key terms to locate relevant articles. The articles found were annotated and observed for understanding and the creation of ideas related to oral health and digestive proteins, with emphasis on the anatomy and physiology of salivary glands.

Findings: The limited number of directly related published papers guided us to the consideration of the Aquaporin (AQP)5 proteins’ role in saliva production and the production of oral tissues via circadian clock. The sources found allowed us to understand the importance of this family of proteins and recognition of their primary function of transporting water and neutral solutes through pores. The perspective from the articles found, inspired us to explore ideas related to the molecular expression 105

Abstracts of clock genes and to consider if individuals who suffer with poor oral health can be impacted by the AQP5 proteins. This interpretation ultimately suggests that the treatment of oral health related diseases can be linked to the functionality of digestive organ systems as well as their constitutive and secreted proteins.

Conclusions: Understanding these components from biochemical and functional parameters is expected to improve clinical practices for individuals with poor oral health. This literature review supports the validity of the need for further exploration of these findings as well as additional studies focusing on the Aquaporin 5 proteins.

This study has also inspired the creation of reference for treatment measures based on disease severity, especially in individuals suffering from diseases in the oral cavity.

4TH FLOOR EAST HALL WEST WALL

110 EdR Dental Student Session C (4EW-1) INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS TO OVERCOME CHALLENGES IN PRECLINICAL TO CLINICAL TRANSITION Park EE, Ashrafi SS Department of Periodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Hypothesis: Instructional videos are effective in improving clinical hand skills and confidence in delivering patient care.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of instructional videos in aiding the dental students transition from preclinical to clinical patient care.

It also aims to evaluate the quality and acceptance of the instructional videos and determine if the videos help students improve clinical hand skills and confidence in delivering patient care.

Methods: Short videos explaining the characteristics of periodontal hand instruments and their demonstration have been created. The videos provide demonstrations on a typodont as well as on a live patient. These videos will be shown to AS3 dental students who have recently made a transition from preclinical to clinical setting. After viewing the videos, subjects will be given a 9-questionnaire survey regarding quality and acceptance of the videos and the effectiveness of the videos in their improvement of clinical skills and confidence in the use of periodontics hand instrumentation in the clinics.

Results: Data Collection is currently underway. If the findings support the hypothesis, we expect to see a positive response towards the acceptance of the instructional videos in aiding the student with improving their clinical hand skills and increasing their confidence in clinical patient care.

Conclusions: The results from the study have the potential to support the need of instructional videos to overcome the challenges that dental students face as they transition from preclinical to clinical settings.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: IRB Protocol #2023-1453.

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Abstracts 111 LitR Dental Student Session D (4EW-2) LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE LACK OF BLACK MEN IN DENTISTRY Ashford DM, Smith PD Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: According to the Federation of Associations of Schools of the Health Professions, the underrepresentation of Black men in dentistry has reached crisis levels. This raises potential concerns about dental schools’ humanistic environments and a lack of structural competency among oral healthcare providers contributes to oral health inequities among Black men. In an effort to establish a framework for research and intervention, this literature review aims to identify causes of Black men’s underrepresentation in dentistry and strategies to address it.

Method of Review: A search using PubMed, Google Scholar, Google, UIC library databases, and reference lists of relevant literature were searched to select articles, reports, and internet resources provided in English from January 2010 - October 2023. Resources were excluded if they were published prior to January 2010, did not specifically address Black men, or were not published by healthcare serving organizations. Specific search terms included: [Black men in dentistry] [Black men dental workforce] [Black men dentistry underrepresentation].

Findings: Eleven resources were chosen for review, including three online reports, seven articles published in peer-reviewed journals, and one webinar. Main themes included: historical and current negative social contexts of Black men in society, the effect of racism and stereotyping in dental school environments, limited information about dental school admission processes and pre-application preparation, mentorship, and the potential impact of Black men’s underrepresentation on oral health equity.

Conclusions: This literature review highlighted the complexity and lack of knowledge of how Black men’s social and academic experiences serve as catalysis and/or barriers to dental school admissions and success. Future research in those areas may benefit how interventions are developed and implemented.

112 EdR Dental Student Session C (4EW-3) ADVANCING ORAL HEALTH LITERACY THROUGH “THE MOUTH“: IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL REALITY Pena A1, Santoso M2, Yuan JC1, Sukotjo C1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Digital Worlds Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, IL

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Hypothesis and Objective: In this study, we have developed “the mouth”, a virtual reality (VR) of the human oral cavity environment that can provide an experiential basis for enhancing understanding of the oral cavity, anatomical structures, and pathological processes and generate interest in oral health issues and its vital role in general overall health. The goal of the study is to investigate the student’s experience when using this application.

Methods: Dental students from the UIC College of Dentistry were invited and then able to try on this mixed reality application used in a headset together with a three107

Abstracts dimensionally (3D) printed tool used to simulate the screwdriver for miniscrew implant insertion. This VR program allows for demonstration of the steps involved in the procedure. The software allows an easier understanding of the oral cavity in order to better the learning experience. After each student utilized the program, they completed a survey on how they believe this can help future learning.

Results: Twenty dental students from the UIC College of Dentistry tried out and completed a survey form asking for comments on their positive and negative experiences, together with improvement suggestions. Participants appreciated the enhanced visualization of underlying anatomy enabled by MR. The step-by step guidance provided a methodical learning approach to the procedure. The virtual clinical setting increased immersion and was felt to be a “cool,” and a fun learning experience.

Conclusions: The students’ experience of using “the mouth” indicated that this program can enhance lay person knowledge about oral cavity and anatomical structures.

Funding: N/A. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2020-1017.

113 LitR Dental Student Session D (4EW-4) NOVEL APPROACH TO CARIES PREVENTION BY DIETARY PLANT-DERIVED POLYPHENOLS Chuapoco C, Wu CD Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: Dietary recommendations for caries prevention have traditionally emphasized the avoidance of cariogenic diet high in sugars and fermentable carbohydrates. However, research has shown that certain foods and food components, especially plant-derived polyphenols, in editable vegetables and fruits may have caries protective effects and reducing caries risk. This review sought to examine evidence demonstrating the role and mechanisms of plant-derived dietary polyphenols in caries prevention.

Method of Review: NCBI, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used in this search using the MeSH terms “dietary polyphenols” with combinations of “caries prevention”, “plant-derived polyphenols”, “anti-caries”, “dental caries” and “anticariogenic virulence”. Specifically defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 183 articles appeared appropriate, and 42 articles were selected for final detailed review.

Findings: Polyphenols are found in both edible and nonedible plants, including fruits and vegetables. Their health benefits, include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Many widely consumed polyphenol-rich plantbased foods and beverages such as teas, coffees, wines, and cranberry juice, contain antimicrobial compounds inhibiting oral pathogens and may benefit oral health. Studies have shown that tea polyphenols inhibit growth and cariogenic virulence factors such as acid production, plaque biofilm formation and adhesion, metabolic activity, gene expression and mechanical integrity. Rinsing with tea extracts significantly reduced plaque pH fall, lowered plaque index and plaque regrowth and acid production.

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Abstracts Berries polyphenolic bioactives also inhibits plaque growth, enzymes, and biofilm.

Polyphenols stimulate salivary flow and enhance salivary antibacterial properties. They also enhance protein absorption to enamel surface, increase the thickness of pellicle, and protect enamel against dental erosion.

Conclusions: The role of diet on caries should not solely be seen from a caries causing standpoint, but from the caries protective perspective. Emphasis on food components that may protect against caries represents an alternative and novel approach to prevention of the disease.

114 EdR Dental Student Session C (4EW-5) DESCRIPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A STUDENT CLINICAL DASHBOARD

Remiasz BR, Yuan JC, Sukotjo C, Rowan SA, Spector M, Afshari FS Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Objective: To describe the development of an electronic-health record-driven, student dashboard that displays real-time data relative to student’s patient management, clinical experiences, and competency assessment outcomes and its various applications at the UIC, College of Dentistry (UIC-COD) predoctoral comprehensive clinics.

Methods: Following development and deployment of the student dashboard, a crosssectional retrospective chart review was completed of the electronic health record (axiUm, Exan, Coquitlam, BC, Canada) from January 2017 to April 2022 evaluating 4 performance metrics from the dashboard: number of student lockouts, note/code violations, overdue active patients, and overdue recall patients. All student names and ID numbers were deidentified from the dataset. Descriptive statistics were analyzed, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to analyze the potential differences in variables between pre-dashboard years and post-dashboard years. Post hoc comparison as performed using Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Student utilization of the dashboard was also monitored, and descriptive analysis was completed on the results.

Results: The implementation of the student dashboard at UIC-COD predoctoral comprehensive clinics appears to add value. Post implementation analysis indicated a statistically significant decrease in the number of lockouts (P<0.001). The number of note/code violations (P<0.001) and overdue active patients (P<0.001) also significantly decreased post-dashboard implantation. On average, students ran their dashboards 3.3 times a week.

Conclusion: Implementation of a student dashboard through the electronic health record platform within an academic dental practice has the potential to assist students with patient management and is highly utilized by the end-users.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: IRB exempt (2022-0081).

115 LitR Dental Student Session D (4EW-6) NANO-HYDROXYAPATITE (NHAP) AND REMINERALIZATION OF ENAMEL DENTAL CARIES Leyva DM, Alsaleh M Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

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Abstracts Background and Objective: Enamel is composed of hydroxyapatite (HAP), which ranges in size from 20 to 40 nm. Dental caries is caused by an imbalance of biofilm and demineralization. During demineralization, the solidification of HAP limits its ability to undergo biological remodeling. Researchers have discovered nanosized hydroxyapatite (nHAP) for caries management and remineralization due to its structural and chemical resemblance to enamel apatite crystals. nHAP may have a strong ability to absorb to tooth surfaces, fill enamel interprismatic spaces, and enhance remineralization of enamel caries by increasing enamel mineral content and hardness.

The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite to enhance remineralization of enamel caries.

Method of Review: We conducted a search of the PubMed, Google Scholar and NCBI databases, using the terms “nano-hydroxyapatite”, “early enamel lesions”, and “enamel remineralization”. We included randomized control trials (RCT), systematic reviews and meta-analysis articles. We excluded articles older than 10 years old. The review process led to the selection of four relevant articles.

Findings: There is promising evidence that nHAP may be used to manage early dental caries when studied in situ. nHAP penetrates demineralized porosities to replace dissolved phosphate and calcium ions, acts as a buffering solution to neutralize acids and bring the pH balance back to favor remineralization, and forms a layer of synthetic enamel on the tooth surface. Several studies found that a 10% nHAp formulation is an optimal concentration for enhancing enamel remineralization. However, less in vivo clinical evidence supports this due to poor research designs such as short-term followups, not reflecting everyday conditions, and high risks of bias.

Conclusions: If stronger RCT were conducted for in vivo studies, nHA could be a promising alternative for remineralizing enamel dental caries, especially for those who refuse or cannot use fluoride.

116 EdR Dental Student Session C (4EW-7) ADOPTION OF AI-DRIVEN CHATBOT IN CLINICAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: FACULTY PERSPECTIVE

Saini P1, Araminta AS2, Reynaldi R2, Kamal I1, Qomariyah NN2, Yuan JC1, Sukotjo C1, Fang Q1 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia Hypothesis and Objective: The primary aim of this research was to assess the influence of a specifically designed chatbot (CB) intervention on dental clinical education from the perspective of faculty members at the UIC College of Dentistry (UIC-COD). This evaluation involved deploying CB in an implant course, utilized in the predoctoral implant clinic, to enhance student learning efficiency.

Methods: In this study, 12 eligible faculty members, who provided verbal consent, were included. Each participant interacted with the chatbot (CB) for 10-15 minutes, focusing on clinical inquiries within the predoctoral implant clinic. The participants were provided with a list of 35 shared questions to address during this interaction.

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Abstracts Following the engagement session, all faculty members were asked to respond to a survey consisting of 19 items, structured on a six-point Likert scale. The survey was designed to gather insights regarding faculty’s awareness of artificial intelligence (AI), their level of engagement with the platform, and any technological concerns they might have encountered. In addition to the 19-item quantitative survey, each faculty member was also required to complete a qualitative survey.

Results: Faculty members acknowledged the benefits of adopting technology for enhanced learning, yet they advise caution regarding its frequent use for educational inquiries, reflecting a multifaceted viewpoint. Engaging with the educational chatbot has been found to be helpful and efficient, offering accurate information despite some limitations in depth. In addition to advantages, several concerns have been raised including potential misinformation, questionable sources, fear of reduced human interaction, and foremost, privacy and security issues.

Conclusions: Integrating CB technology in dental clinical education improves engagement and learning efficiency, and addressing concerns about accuracy and human interaction is crucial for the successful adoption.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol: #2023-0876

117 LitR Dental Student Session D (4EW-8) ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIVERSIFYING PRE-SESSION RESOURCES IN TBL SESSIONS Pandher A1, Viana MG2 Odeh LA1 Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Background and Objective: Dental education and its allied professions come with challenging curricula, which often require lengthy course work and input from both students and faculty. UIC College of Dentistry has been an advocate for using active learning and has a documented history of conducting SGL and Team-based learning.

The pre-session preparation resources have improved and changed over time. These may range from simple textbook chapters and articles to using media sources such as videos and lecture recordings. This Literature review and our study aim to assess the effect of offering a variety of resources as a pre-TBL session material on student’s perception of learning.

Method of Review: A search using Google Scholar, NCBI, and PubMed databases was conducted using the MeSH terms “Dental Education,” “Resources,”, “Flipped Classroom’. Seven articles were chosen as the most relevant to the topic. We analyzed the results to determine the effectiveness of resource diversification. We surveyed two cohorts from DMDAS to evaluate their experience of using various pre-session resources and compare the results with those from the literature.

Findings: Students have unique learning styles and prefer to use different resources.

There is a need for educators to provide a range of preparatory material including technology supported media for flipped classroom sessions. This material should be relevant to the session and appropriate for students’ level.

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Abstracts Conclusions: Providing dental students with a range of resources before TBL sessions allows a more flexible approach to learning and has been proven to enhance learning and improve the overall learning experience.

Funding: ADEA ADCFP. IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: 2023-1287.

118 EdR Dental Student Session C (4EW-9) CREATING AWARENESS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DENTISTRY AND DENTAL EDUCATION

Shin E, Zamperini CA, Shahin B, Rodriguez A Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Objective: This study aims to identify key features and clinical applications of Dental Artificial Intelligence (AI) software, raise awareness of technological advancements among students and faculty, and explore the potential use of AI in dental education.

Hypothesis: 1. Exposure to dental AI software will contribute to a more favorable view of AI among the participants.

2. Feedback from participants will help evaluate the practicality and effectiveness of integrating AI into dental education.

Methods: Student (n=20) and faculty (n=10) volunteers at the UIC College of Dentistry (COD) are invited to participate in this study. Inclusion criteria: D3, D4, AS3, AS4 students, full or part time faculty at UIC COD. A pre-survey will be administered to assess participants’ opinions on the use of AI in dentistry and dental education. Participants will then individually analyze radiographs presented on Google Slides, identifying any ongoing disease processes, such as carious lesions, open margins on restoration, and calculus. Full access to the dental AI software, Overjet, will be granted, and participants will compare their identifications with the AI-generated analysis. Post-survey will be administered to evaluate changes in their perceptions of dental AI after the activity.

Results: Anticipated post-survey responses include participants reporting increased understanding of dental AI, more favorable view on incorporating AI to their practices, and ways to utilize AI to enhance dental education.

Conclusions: Increased understanding of the AI technology allows dental professionals to make informed decisions for integrating it to their current or future practices. Exploring AI software not only deepens participants' understanding of capabilities of dental AI but also positively influences their perceptions. Participant feedback will guide the assessment of the feasibility of incorporating AI into the dental curriculum.

IRB and/or ACC Protocol #: IRB Protocol # 2023-1193.

119 LitR Dental Student Session D (4EW-10) INVESTIGATING CURRENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENDODONTIC FILE RETRIEVAL

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Ruan W1, Choi M1, Walker J2, Gharib H1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Abstracts Department of Endodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

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Background and Objective: To review the literature to determine the current recommendations, protocols, and systems available to retrieve separated endodontic files.

Method of Review: A systematic search was conducted across major electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, using the following MeSH terms: “endodontic file retrieval,” “endodontic file separation,” and “endodontic file retrieval system.” Defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and 15 articles were selected for the final detailed review.

Findings: After screening relevant articles based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, this systematic review yielded a total of 15 articles. Across the selected studies, investigators analyzed and compared the success rates and popularity of various techniques, protocols, and systems used in the retrieval of separated endodontic files.

The findings shed light on the efficacy as well as the current popularity of different retrieval methods, providing valuable insights for dental practitioners faced with this common clinical challenge.

Conclusions: This literature review details the current practices for retrieving separated endodontic files, offering a comprehensive overview of the popularity and success rates of retrieval protocols currently used by clinicians. The results aim to guide clinicians in selecting appropriate evidence-based retrieval strategies, ultimately contributing to improved clinical outcomes in the management of separated endodontic files. However due to the limited information currently available on this topic, further research is necessary to determine the most efficacious and evidence-based protocols, techniques, and systems for the retrieval of endodontic files in practice.

120 CaseR Resident Session C (4EW-11) TRANSMANDIBULAR APPROACH IN KLIPPEL-FEIL SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT

Bertagna AE, Callahan NF Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Background and Objective: Klippel-Feil Syndrome (KFS) is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by fusion of the cervical spine causing a classic triad of short neck, low posterior hairline and restricted neck mobility. These patients suffer from refractory radiculopathies and myelopathies. As such, they require frequent cervical spinal operative interventions. Traditionally, anterior cervical spinal access is achieved through transoral, anterolateral cervical or split manubrial approaches. However, in KFS traditional anterior approaches are difficult and many times not feasible secondary to anatomical limitations. The transmandibular approach to anterior cervical spine is well documented for craniocervical junction pathology. However, there has yet to be a documented case of transmandibular access for corpectomy in KFS. Here we describe a case of transmandibular cervical spinal access in a patient KFS with persistent cervical spinal cord compression.

Findings: A 48-year-old woman with type III KFS and severe cervical radiculopathy 113

Abstracts had C3-5 corpectomy aborted secondary to limited anatomic access from a traditional anterolateral cervical approach. Three months later, the oral and maxillofacial surgery team completed midline lip division, glossotomy, mandibulotomy and tracheostomy to facilitate adequate anterior access to C3-5 for a successful corpectomy. This was completed without complications, alterations in occlusion, or glossal mobility restrictions.

Significance for Practice: Transmandibular access is a viable option for anterior cervical spinal access in patients with KFS and/or any case where traditional anterior accesses are obviated.

121 CaseR Resident Session D (4EW-12) FULLY-GUIDED DIGITAL APPROACH TO FULL-ARCH IMPLANT SUPPORTED REHABILITATIONS Andejani A, Ghunaim DH, Al-Tarawneh S Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: The aim of this clinical report is to present a digital technique in the fabrication of stackable guides for alveoplasty, implant placement, and delivery of a fixed full-arch implant supported interim prosthesis.

Findings: The stackable approach provides a more precise, predictable and prosthetically driven surgical approach to facilitate bone reduction, implant placement and provisonalization using the same base guide on which different insert.

Significance for Practice: This stackable guide approach to full-arch immediate implant placement and immediate full-arch provisional increases the predictability of the surgical and restorative steps, improves the accuracy of transferring the virtual plan of implant positions into the patient’s mouth, simplifies the delivery of an interim restoration.

122 CaseR Resident (Intern) Session C (4EW-13) MULTIPLE RADIOLUCENCIES IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT

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Khan OA1, Bertagna AE1, Damm DD2, Weyh AM1, Callahan NF1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Pathology and Cytology Laboratories Inc., Lexington, KY

Background and Objective: A 12-year-old healthy male was initially referred by a general dentist to UIC OMFS clinic for evaluation of an incidentally found asymptomatic lesion, associated with the apex of tooth #8. At the initial consultation, radiographic imaging revealed enlarged follicles of #17 and 32, and peri-apical radiolucency associated with #8, without clinical signs of asymmetry. Patient’s father declined biopsy of PARL associated with #8. Patient was then lost to follow up and presented a year and a half later with asymmetry in the right lower facial third. A CBCT scan revealed large homogeneous, well-demarcated, peri-coronal radiolucent lesions with hyperostotic borders associated with and displacing the follicles of #17 and 32 distally and inferiorly to the inferior border of the mandible. A third similar appearing lesion was visualized in the anterior maxilla, apical to #8. The objective of 114

Abstracts the study is to formulate an accurate differential diagnosis given the clinical, histologic, and radiographic features of the case.

Findings: Incisional biopsy of mandibular peri-coronal radiolucent lesions associated with #17 and 32 reveal histological characteristics of odontogenic keratocysts. The patient was diagnosed with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) and bilateral OKCs were treated with decompression, followed by enucleation & curettage with peripheral ostectomy 7 months later.

Significance for Practice: Appropriate differential diagnosis and referral is crucial for any practitioner to manage pathological lesions early, limiting progression and further complications. This report highlights the importance of both making the correct diagnosis of the lesion, as well as correctly identifying the associated syndrome by considering the full clinical presentation. As this patient is syndromic, they require not just excision of the OKC lesions, but will also require lifelong monitoring for basal cell carcinomas, and should undergo genetic counseling if they have children, as this syndrome follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.

123 CaseR Resident Session D (4EW-14) DIGITAL APPROACH TO MAXILLARY IMPLANT SUPPORTED FIXED COMPLETED DENTURE Andrews S, Ghunaim DH Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC, College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

Background and Objective: This clinical report presents a digital workflow for fully guided implant placement and provisionalization, and a full arch restoration.

Findings: A 67-year-old male patient presents with a chief complaint of wanting to improve function and esthetics. After thorough examination and diagnosis, a treatment plan was developed for extraction of all remaining teeth, implant placement, and full arch restorations for maxilla and mandible. From casts that were mounted in centric relation at the desired vertical dimension of occlusion, a digital wax up was developed on 3Shape Dental Manager. The digital tooth position was exported and merged with the DICOM information on CoDiagnostix. Based on the desired position of the gingival zeniths from the diagnostic wax up, proper implant depth and necessary alveoloplasty was determined. All guides were fabricated and exported from CoDiagnostix then printed in house on a Straumann P series rapidshape 3D printer.

During surgery, the tooth aligner was placed and used to fixate the bone reduction guide in the proper position. The tooth aligner was removed, the remaining teeth extracted, and bone reduction completed. The implant guide was positioned, and implants were placed at manufacturer’s recommended insertion torque. The milled PMMA provisional was placed on the bone reduction guide and attached to temporary cylinders. Finishing and polishing was performed in the lab.

Significance for Practice: Proper esthetics and function were restored in a patient with hopeless dentition using a fully guided digital workflow. Creating a fully guided implant placement and restoration with a digital workflow is a viable treatment option to replace missing teeth following extraction of hopeless dentition.

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Abstracts 124 CaseR Resident Session C (4EW-15) MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA OF THE PALATE IN A 6-YEAR-OLD GIRL

Lee JJ, Weyh AM, Callahan NF Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Background and Objective: Minor salivary gland tumors are a rare occurrence in children, and their documentation in literature is limited. The scarcity of information on the clinical characteristics and biological behavior of these tumors in children adds to the challenge. Despite the overall low incidence, there is a high prevalence of malignancy in this demographic, exceeding 50%, with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) being the predominant type. This case report aims to discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment plan of pediatric MEC of the palate.

Findings: A 6-year-old girl presented to UIC OMFS for an evaluation of asymptomatic swelling in right hard palate of 6-month duration. Incisional biopsy of the palatal lesion was performed which revealed intermediate grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The treatment consisted of wide local excision of the lesion with 10mm clear margins. No adjuvant therapy was completed following surgery. The resultant defect was allowed to undergo secondary wound healing. As of 1-year follow-up, healing has been uneventful with no evidence of recurrence.

Significance for Practice: Timely and accurate diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) in pediatric patients is important for effective management and prognosis. MEC should be considered as a differential diagnosis for fluctuant, nontender, bluish-purple mass on the palate, even in children.

125 CaseR Resident Session D (4EW-16) IMPLANT-SUPPORTED BAR OVERDENTURE RESTORED ON NON-PARALLEL IMPLANTS

Kim MT1, Munaretto A2, Han MD2, Kang S2, Yang B1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Background and Objective: The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate one type of overdenture to restore edentulous patients with non-parallel implants placed. Non-parallel implants are often placed due to limited anatomy or the lack of a surgical guide. However, such a condition can be a problem for implant supported locator-retained removable prostheses due to lacking path of insertion. To overcome this problem, bar-retained overdentures have been widely used to restore edentulous situations with non-parallel implants. A CAD-CAM milled bar can be accurately designed and fabricated to achieve optimum parallelism and rigidity for overdenture.

Findings: 68-year-old male patient with full edentulism presented having a chief complaint of wishing to get teeth to chew using existing implants. Angulation of upper left posterior implant is more than 45 degree from other three implants that will be used. He is a severe gagger and bruxer. The treatment plan options were provided after clinical and radiographic examination including establishing vertical dimension of 116

Abstracts occlusion from occlusal rim/teeth setup and restorative space evaluation (15mm from implant platform to the occlusal surface of denture). Considering having adequate restorative space remaining for the overdenture bar on the maxilla, improving soft tissue support, and combining patient’s financial status, it was agreed to fabricate maxillary implant-supported bar overdenture and implant-retained mandibular overdenture. The parallelism of the milled bar minimizes rotational movements, hence causing less wear to the suprastructure and the intaglio surface of the denture.

The retentive components on the milled bar will also minimize vertical and lateral movements.

Significance for Practice: When implants are placed with certain diverging angulation, locator-retained overdenture cannot be a restoration option, but CAD/ CAM bar-retained overdenture can be an alternative option to use the mal-positioned implants to restore edentulous patients if there is sufficient restorative space available.

126 CaseR Resident Session C (4EW-17) A NOVEL ODONTOGENIC TUMOR IN A 3-YEAR-OLD

Licht SC, Callahan NF Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Background and Objective: Odontogenic tumors are lesions which range from true neoplasms to hamartomas (odontomas) depending on interactions that occur between epithelial and ectomesenchymal tissues and their clinical features. Rarely, surgeons and pathologists encounter gnathic lesions which do not fall under the established diagnostic categories. The objective of this case is to describe a novel odontogenic tumor and its management.

Findings: An otherwise healthy 3- year- old male presented with a destructive, radiolucent mandibular lesion. Microscopically, the lesion consisted of focal areas of developing odontoma from which a unique myxoid neoplasm with an unusual reticular lattice pattern had spun. Because of its unique microscopic features, next generation sequencing was performed, which revealed STRN:: ALK oncogene fusion. This lesion demonstrated a unique neoplasm which was distinct from other odontogenic tumors.

The name, Primitive Odontogenic Tumor (PMOT), was given. The tumor was treated with surgical resection and costochondral rib reconstruction.

Significance for Practice: The PMOT has not only a unique histologic pattern, but also a unique genetic signature. The discovery of this novel odontogenic tumor encourages genetic sequencing to elucidate proper classification of odontogenic tumors and has implications to advance the field of targeted gene drug therapy for odontogenic tumors.

127 CaseR Resident Session D (4EW-18) IMPLANT SOLUTIONS FOR THE EXTREME WEAR PATIENT: A CASE REPORT 1

Poe AC1, Graca S2, Ghunaim DH1, Yang B1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL

117

Abstracts Background and Objective: Occlusal tooth wear holds significant importance in dentistry reflecting gradual loss of tooth structure due to various factors. Causes such as malocclusion, erosion, parafunctional occlusal habits and loss of posterior support lead to functional and esthetic concerns influencing treatment planning for full mouth rehabilitation. The severe wear of anterior teeth and collapse of posterior teeth present a substantial challenge when determining the most favorable restorative treatment option.

Findings: This case report outlines the surgical and prosthetic methodologies employed for the comprehensive full mouth implant rehabilitation of a 79-year-old male with a history of bruxism. The patient presented with a mutilated dentition, confirmed loss of occlusal vertical dimension and poor esthetics. The desired maxillary anterior tooth position and posterior esthetic plane were established with wax-rim.

Upon confirming the compatibility of the new vertical dimension, CAD-CAM technology was used to design dual arch stackable surgical guides and to fabricate a PMMA full arch provisional. After osteotomy and implant placement with surgical guide, implant supported PMMA full arch provisional was immediately converted.

Prototype based on optimized provisional as reference will be fabricated and tried in prior to the delivery of definitive milled full arch Monolithic Zirconia prosthesis.

Significance for Practice: The increasing prevalence of the severely worn dentition due to bruxism necessitates meticulous diagnosis and personalized treatment for predictable outcomes. The integration of a digital workflow from treatment plan to surgical and restorative process offers a synergistic approach for the rehabilitation of such patients to ensure predictable optimal esthetic and function outcomes with lasting efficacy.

128 CaseR Resident Session C (4EW-19) DOES TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT SPACE AFFECT ACCURACY OF MAXILLARY ORTHOGNATHIC SURGE?

Tavasoli AA, Malaki R, Han MD Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL Background and Objective: Orthognathic surgery is a surgery performed to reposition the jaws for functional and sometimes esthetic purposes. Surgery can be performed on the maxilla, mandible, or both. The overwhelming majority of orthognathic surgery is performed using temporomandibular joint (TMJ) as a reference, using devices referred to as “surgical splints” or “surgical wafers”. Inaccuracies in manipulation of the TMJ can result in inaccurate positioning of the operated jaw. There is currently no data that supports or refutes this theory.

Findings: Retrospective cohort study of 10 consecutive patients who had undergone maxilla-first single-piece maxillary orthognathic surgery with pre- and post-operative imaging. The two main specific aims for this study were to find: A) The relationship between joint space measurements and accuracy at the maxillary central incisal midpoint, in mediolateral and anteroposterior aspects.

B) The association between joint space asymmetry and transverse surgical 118

Abstracts accuracy at the maxillary central incisal midpoint.

Our findings, after evaluating our limited patient population, are as follows: In maxillafirst single-piece LeFort I osteotomy using splint-based protocols, the: 1) Size of the mediolateral, vertical, and anteroposterior joint space is not associated with the magnitude of surgical error at the upper central incisor.

2) Laterality of the larger joint space is not associated with the directionality of mediolateral surgical error.

3) Size of the mediolateral, vertical, and anteroposterior joint space is not associated with the anteroposterior directionality at the upper central incisor.

Significance for Practice: This study aims to measure the association and correlation between preoperative TMJ space and maxillary orthognathic surgical accuracy.

IRB protocol number: 2023-0977.

129 CaseR Resident Session D (4EW-20) IMPLANT RECONSTRUCTION OF FIBULA FREE FLAP FOLLOWING MRONJ RELATED RESECTION

Schmidt AC1, Callahan NF2, Miloro M2, Ghunaim DH1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UIC, College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 1

Background and Objective: This clinical report presents the management of medication induced osteonecrosis of the jaw with fibula free flap reconstruction, implant placement and a full arch restoration.

Findings: An 80-year-old female patient presents with advancing MRONJ of the mandible extending from left condyle to contra-lateral ramus. Following examination, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment planning with OMFS and Prosthodontics, the patient was scheduled for subtotal mandibulectomy, fistulectomy, fibula free flap, and bilateral IAN nerve graft with implant placement for full arch restoration following complete healing of the reconstruction. Initial surgery was completed for resection and reconstruction. Eight months following the initial surgery, a dual scan CBCT was taken with fiduciary markers on a conventional denture set up. The dual scan CBCT was then merged and implant placement was planned using implant planning software (Simplant). Implant placement was completed in a restoratively driven fashion. Six months following implant placement, the implants were uncovered and conversion of a conventional mandibular denture to mandibular implant supported full arch restoration was completed. The patient was instructed on home hygiene with fixed prosthesis and soft tissues healed. Clinical evaluation of extra-oral tissues revealed effected neural-muscular system of patient’s left lip. The facial contours of the conversion prosthesis were altered to provide lip support and improve symmetry. The prosthesis was evaluated for cleansability and facial lip support. Trial wax-tooth set up for ideal occlusion and lip bumper was completed and a PMMA prototype was fabricated based off set up. Satisfactory facial support, occlusion and function were achieved with prototype prosthesis and final zirconia prosthesis was fabricated and delivered.

Significance for Practice: Implant placement and restoration is a viable treatment option to replace intra-oral hard and soft tissues following mandibular resection with 119

Author Index Abdelaziz, A (58) 67 Abo, J (16) 33

Abraham, P (83) 86 AbuSaleh, M (1) 21

Acharya, D (2) (5) (15) (23) (30) 22, 24, 33, 39, 45 Adami, GR (20) (43) 37, 55

Afshari, FS (87) (104) (114) 89, 101, 109 Ahmadian, L (82) 85

Ahmed, A (59) (80) 68, 84 Ajdini, A (81) 85

Akhras, Y (48) 60 Alam, S (3) 23

Alapati, SB (1) (17) (19) (45) (53) (59) (77) 21, 34, 36, 57, 63, 68, 81 Aldosary, R (66) 73

Al-Ghoul, WM (106) (109) 103, 105 Alhadlaq, MK (28) 43

Allareddy, V (57) (78) (94) (96) 66, 82, 94, 95 Alqazaha, Z (82) 85

Alrayyes, SM (59) (72) (77) (79) (80) (90) 68, 78, 81, 83, 84, 91 Alsaleh, M (54) (66) (74) (79) (115) 64, 73, 79, 83 Alshboul, FA (17) 34 Alzein, R (83) 86

Al-Tarawneh, S (121) 114 Andejani, A (121) 114 Andrews S (123) 115

Araminta, AS (101) (116) 99, 110 Ashford, DM (111) 107 Ashrafi, SS (110) 106 Asif, S (3) 23

Assaf, ZS (18) 35

Atsawasuwan, P (9) (12) (50) 28, 30, 61

Avenetti, DM (20) (58) (60) (65) (68) (78) (92) 37, 67, 69, 72, 75, 82, 92 Awais, R (97) 96

Bagheri-Varzaneh, M (23) (30) 39, 45 Banchs, LA (105) 102

Banks, JM (23) (30) 39, 45 Barawi, KM (67) 74 Baste, YK (19) 36

Bedran-Russo, AK (31) (44) (46) 46, 56, 58 Behrens, I (60) 69

120

Author Index Bertagna, AE (120) (122) 113, 114

Bilal, S (49) (51) (53) (74) (107) 60, 62, 63, 79, 104 Booth, EB (50) 61 Bor, S (62) 70

Botwe, H (87) 89 Bui, AM (98) 97

Callahan, NF (67) (70) (71) (91) (93) (120) (122) (124) (126) (129) 74, 76, 77, 92, 93, 113, 114, 115, 117, 119 Capistrano, K (14) (38) 32, 51 Carr, S (90) 91

Cassidy, AM (11) 29 Cetin, AE (57) 66

Chang, PP (99) (100) 97, 98 Chang, VC (68) 75

Chaudhry, MF (23) (30) 39, 45 Chechang, SK (52) 63

Chen, L (25) (29) 41, 44

Chen, SN (44) (46) 56, 58 Chen Y (24) (36) 40, 50 Chen, Z (12) 30

Choi, M (47) (119) 59, 112 Choi, RB (11) 29 Choi, RJ (38) 51

Chong, K (10) (34) 28, 48 Chuapoco, C (113) 108 Chun, C (81) 85

Chung, S (8) (10) (34) (40) (73) 27, 28, 48, 53, 79, Codner, KI (70) 76

Coghlan, S (11) 29 Collazo, G (60) 69

Colvard, M (90) 91 Cortez, KE (54) 64 Dairi, N (68) 75

Damm, DD (122) 114 Debnath, K (27) 42

Deeb, LW (104) 101 Deek, M (99) 97

De La Fuente, E (84) 87

Desai, B (62) (65) (68) (92) 70, 72, 75, 92 Desai, BD (77) 81

121

Author Index Desai, BK (78) 82

DiPietro, LA (25) (29) 41, 44 Doan, AAP (11) 29

Eapen, A (103) 100 Eapen, JA (4) 24

Echeumena, O (90) 91

Elnagar, M (50) (57) (61) 61, 66, 69 Elkadi, F (107) 104

Ellepola, K (7) (28) 26

Elshourbagy, SS (38) 51

Fadavi, S (64) (75) 72, 80

Fang, Q (87) (101) (116) 89, 99, 110 Fayz, L (91) 92

Fine, MW (20) 37

Fleming, E (69) 76 Gabriel, S (5) 24

Gajendrareddy, P (96) 95

Galang-Boquiren, MT (63) (68) (79) 71, 75, 83 Geng Vivanco, R (31) 46

George, A (23) (24) (36) 39, 40, 50 George, H (32) 46

Gharib, H (119) 112 Ghory, M (49) 60

Ghunaim, DH (91) (93) (121) (123) (127) (129) 92, 93, 114, 115, 117, 119 Goben, A (58) 67 Gong, M (85) 87

Goodare-Rosenthal, N (89) 90 Graca, S (55) (127) 65, 117 Gray, SD (56) 65

Grodman, E (56) (67) 65, 74 Hafedi, A (33) 47

Hage, GA (100) 98

Halasa, RS (93) 93

Han, C (25) (29) 41, 44

Han, MD (55) (56) (125) (128) 65, 65, 116, 118 Hayashi, T (11) 29 Heiss, M (42) 55

Hill, BJ (60) (64) (65) (68) (69) (75) (78) 69, 72, 72, 75, 76 Hill, N (68) 75

Hong, J (10) (34) 28, 48

122

Author Index Huang, CC (2) (27) 22, 42 Hussain, R (73) 79 Ijaz, A (39) 52

Iqbal, L (49) (51) (53) (107) 60, 62, 63, 104 Irfan, M (8) (10) (34) (40) 27, 28, 48, 53 Izaguirre, G (3) (26) 23, 42 Jackson, T (64) 72 Javid, M (22) 38

Jennett, L (106) (109) 103, 105 Jing, S (44) (46) 56, 58 Johnson, B (47) 59

Kamal, I (101) (116) 99, 110 Kang, M (27) 42

Kang, S (125) 116

Kanniyappen, J (35) 49

Karkazis, EM (9) (12) 28, 30

Kaste, LM (106) (108) (109) 103, 104, 105 Kawakami, H (11) 29 Keaty, W (4) 24

Khan, NK (72) 78

Khan, OA (122) 114 Kim D (95) 94

Kim, J (47) 59

Kim JH (10) (34) 28, 48 Kim, MT (125) 116 Kim, S (65) 72

Kittaka, M (11) 29

Knoorullah, K (49) (53) (74) (107) 60, 63, 79, 104 Koh, TJ (25) 41

Konanur, A (25) 41 Konda, S (39) 52

Kondo, K (11) 29 Kondo, T (11) 29

Koshal, D (29) 44

Kratunova, EH (37) (54) (59) (66) (72) (77) (79) (80) (105) 51, 64, 68, 73, 78, 81, 83, 84, 102 Kusnoto, B (56) (63) 65, 71 Lababidi, L (6) 25

Lamberghini, F (37) (62) (76) 51, 70, 81 Lau, I (74) 79

123

Author Index Le, A (75) 80

Lee, HH (20) (69) 37, 76 Lee, JJ (124) 115

Lee, MK (94) (96) 94, 95 Lee, R (76) 81

Leonardo, T (29) 44 Leung, KS (27) 42

Leyva, DM (115) 109 Levitan, M (11) 29

Li, W (42) (54) 55, 64

Liberato, WF (44) (46) 56, 58 Licht, SC (93) (126) 93, 117 Lindberg, CE (102) 100

Lingareddygari, SK (7) 26 Lio, K (11) 29 Liu, S (11) 29

Lown, SA (12) 30 Lu, Y (27) 42

Lymberopoulos, G (104) 101

Maddalozzo, JR (14) (100) 32, 98 Malaki, R (128) 118 Mao, Y (33) 47

Martin, M (20) 37

Marzban, H (40) 53 Masood, Y (51) 62

Mathew, MT (4) (32) (35) 24, 46, 49 Matsuda, S (11) 29

Mayahara, K (11) 29

Mecham, RP (25) 41

Melatti, MC (103) 100

Mercuri, LG (4) (52) 24, 63 Meyers, C (3) (26) 23, 42 Miller, S (50) 61

Miloro, M (52) (56) (67) (71) (129) 63, 65, 74, 77, 119 Miloro, MB (16) 33 Min, JH (77) 81

Misleh, M (84) 87

Mizuno, N (11) 29 Mohamed, N

Moon, D (82) 85

124

Author Index Moreira, J (43) 55

Moretti, A (14) (38) 32, 51 Morino, H (11) 29

Mugayar, L (60) (62) (65) (74) 69, 70, 72, 79 Munaretto, A (125) 116 Nadeem, T (43) 55 Naqvi, A (14) 32

Naqvi, AR (38) 51 Naqvi RA (14) 32

Narayan, SL (78) 82

Nares, S (14) (38) (48) 32, 51, 60 Nestorova, AN (37) 51

Neves, JG (44) (46) 56, 58

Nicholas, CL (9) (12) (15) (63) (90) 28, 30, 33, 71, 91 Noorullah, K (51) (103) 62, 100

Odeh, LA (97) (102) (117) 96, 100, 111 Olivar, AV (104) 101 Ono, M (11) 29

Oubaidin, M (9) (63) (94) (96) 28, 71, 94, 95 Ouhara, K (11) 29 Ozevin, D (4) 24

Ozgen, B (66) 73 Pack, N (39) 52

Palla, BP (67) (71) 74, 77 Pandher, A (117) 111 Park, EE (110) 106 Park, J (79) 83

Patel, P (21) 38

Patel, RH (41) 54 Patel, S (43) 55

Pauli, GF (44) (46) 56, 58 Pelletier, S (11) 29 Pena, A (112) 107

Perumal, G (35) 49

Pesavento, RP (7) (28) (32) (33) (108) 26, 43, 46, 47, 104 Pettiette, M (14) (38) 32, 51 Phan, LMU (3) 23

Pinos Luzuriaga, A (86) 88

Pires-de-Sousa, FCP (31) 46 Poe, AC (127) 117

125

Author Index Pulli, AP (69) 76

Qomariyah, NN (101) (116) 99, 110 Rahmandar, M (64) (75) 72, 80 Randolph, K (43) 55

Ravindran, S (27) (29) 42, 44

Reed, DA (2) (5) (6) (9) (15) (23) (30) 22, 24, 25, 28, 33, 39, 45 Reichenberger, E (11) 29

Reis-Havlat, M (31) (44) (46) 46, 56, 58 Remiasz, AM (8) 27

Remiasz, BR (114) 109 Rengaraj, K (35) 49

Reynaldi, R (101) (116) 99, 110 Rezania, R (22) 38 Rhee, MA (57) 66

Ricke, WA (22) 38

Robling, AG (11) 29 Rodil, S (32) 46

Rodriguez, A (21) (118) 38, 112 Rong, L (3) 23

Rothschild, L (58) 67

Rowan, SA (114) 109

Ruan, W (47) (119) 59, 112

Rueda-Marshall, BP (87) 89 Sahni, J (16) 33

Saini, P (101) (116) 99, 110

Sanchez, FJC (57) (96) 66, 95 Santoso, M (112) 107 Salapatas, A (29) 44

Sandoval, A (16) (20) 33, 37 Sawlani, A (53) 63 Sayeed, H (25) 41 Scheel, S (88) 89

Schiappa, M (56) (67) (71) 65, 74, 77 Schmidt, AC (129) 119

Schwartz, JL (16) (18) (43) 33, 35, 55 Sciote, J (90) 91

Seck, AP (59) 68

Semprum, A (21) 38 Sethi, N (90) 91

Severson, K (35) 49

126

Author Index Shadamoro, A (62) 70

Shahin, B (86) (118) 88, 112 Shaikh, A (107) 104

Sharma, D (108) 104 Shehab, OI (13) 31

Shin, E (85) (118) 88 Shin, S (73) 79

Simion, C (58) (72) 67, 78 Skabelund, Z (15) 33

Smith, P (49) (51) 60, 62

Smith, PD (64) (75) (107) (111) 72, 80, 104, 107 Smith, Q (106) (109) 103, 105 Spector, M (114) 109 Sturt, B (63) 71

Sukotjo, C (22) (87) (89) (92) (101) (104) (112) (114) (116) 38, 89, 92, 99, 107, 109, 110 Sun, Y (4) (32) 24, 46

Taglesir Ahmedy, A (79) 83 Tahir, A (61) 69

Takriti, M (83) 86

Tan, S (82) (84) (85) (88) 85, 87, 87, 89 Tavasoli, AA (128) 118 Teno, Y (11) 29

Testai, S (37) 51

Thomas, S (97) 96

Tomar, SL (49) (51) (65) (69) (74) (107) 60, 62, 72, 76, 79, 104 Torres, I (24) 40

Tozum, TF (48) (81) 60, 85 Treacy, ST (63) 71

Trivedi, R (21) (41) 38, 54 Tsuei, R (94) 94 Ueki, Y (11) 29

Umar, S (27) 42

Van Auken, M (89) 90 Vargas, V (20) 37

Viana, G (9) (12) (50) 28, 30, 61

Viana, MG (97) (102) (117) 96, 100, 111 Villani, C (24) (36) 40, 50 Walker, J (119) 112 Wan, J (11) 29

Wang, Z (11) 29

127

Author Index Wei, L (35) 49

Weyh, AM (70) (122) (124) 76, 114, 115 Wietecha, MS (6) (13) (29) 25, 31, 44 Wilson, AI (80) 84

Wojtowicz, P (43) 55

Wu, CD (35) (42) (54) (62) (72) (113) 49, 55, 64, 70, 78, 108 Wu, J (32) 46

Xie, Q (35) (47) (54) (98) 49, 59, 64, 96 Xu, C (4) 24

Yan, Y (32) 46

Yang, A (25) 41

Yang, B (95) (125) (127) 94, 116, 117 Yoshimoto, T (11) 29

Yuan, H (25) (29) 41, 44 Yuan, J (92) 92

Yuan, JC (101) (104) (112) (114) (116) 99, 101, 107, 109, 110 Zainab, B (39) 52

Zamperini, CA (21) (41) (118) 38, 54, 112 Zhang, S (14) (38) (96) 32, 51, 95 Zhang, T (4) 24

Zhang, Y (33) 47 Zhou, XJ (66) 73 Zhu, T (11) 29

Zirou, N (26) 42

Zoubeidi, S (45) 57

128

28 29 30 31 32 33 (C.) (D) (C.) (D) (C.) (D)

22 23 24 25 26 27 (C.) (D) (C.) (D) (C.) (D)

34 35 36 (D) (C.) (D)

37 38 39 40 (C.) (D) (C.) (D)

88 89 (C.) (D)

98 99 100 101 (B) (A) (B) (A)

110 111 112 113 114 (C.) (D) (C.) (D) (C.)

97 (A)

115 (D)

107 108 109 (A) (A) (A)

116 117 118 119 120 121 (C.) (D) (C.) (D) (C.) (D)

102 103 104 105 106 (B) (A) (B) (A) (A)

122 123 124 125 (C.) (D) (C.) (D)

Fourth Floor East Hall East Wall: Abstract Number (Poster Session)

4th Floor

90 (C.)

62 63 64 65 (B) (A) (B) (A)

Fifth Floor West Hall West Wall: Abstract Number (Poster Session)

84 85 86 87 (C.) (D) (C.) (D)

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B) (A)

80 81 82 83 (C.) (D) (C.) (D)

48 49 50 51 52 53 54 (B) (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)

74 75 76 77 78 79 (C.) (D) (C.) (D) (C.) (D)

47 (A)

Fifth Floor West Hall East Wall: Abstract Number (Poster Session)

Fifth Floor East Hall West Wall: Abstract Number (Poster Session)

7 8 9 10 11 12 (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)

2 3 4 5 6 (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)

1 (A)

18 (B)

91 (D)

126 127 128 129 (C.) (D) (C.) (D)

92 93 94 95 96 (C.) (D) (C.) (D) (C.)

71 72 73 (A) (B) (A)

43 44 45 46 (C.) (D) (C.) (D)

66 67 68 69 70 (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)

41 42 (C.) (D)

19 20 21 (A) (B) (A)

Session C = 11:00 - 12:00 Session D = 12:15 - 1:15

13 14 15 16 17 (A) (B) (A) (B) (A)

Session B = 9:45 - 10:45

Fifth Floor East Hall East Wall: Abstract Number (Poster Session)

5th Floor

Session A = 8:30 - 9:30

Poster Map

129

130

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