Building a Resilient Park System in Port St. Joe Final Report

Building a Resilient Park System in Port St. Joe Final Report

YI LUO, Ph.D., Assistant Professor (PI) MICHAEL VOLK, Assistant Research Professor (Co-PI) KANGLIN CHEN, Ph.D. Student (Research Assistant) Department of Landscape Architecture University of Florida

Table of Contents Summary

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Introduction • Port St. Joe 4 • Park and City Resilience 5 • Park systems in Port St. Joe 5 Purpose

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Methodology 7 • Framework 7 • Archival research 7 • Park visitor survey 7 • Site Inventory and Analysis • Case study 6

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Results 9 • Archival research 10 • Park visitor survey 11 • Site inventory and analysis (Appendices) • Case study (Appendices) • Design suggestions and stormwater retention estimation (Appendices) References

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Appendices 15 • Students’ Design Reports (4 teams)

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Summary Port St. Joe (PSJ), locates on Panhandle Florida, is a relaxing vacation destination. In October 2018, the City was hit by Hurricane Michael, one of the four Category 5 U.S. storms on the record (Walmsley, 2019). Beyond tremendous hurricane impacts such as loss of housing and damage to utility infrastructure, the City has also been experiencing economic decline and insufficient social bonds. This project aims to take the opportunities city parks provide to retain stormwater, minimize the risk of inundation surge, promote outdoor activities and a healthy lifestyle, and establish neighborhood connections. We hope this project will contribute to a resilient and holistic neighborhood in Port St. Joe. We hope this project will contribute to a resilient and holistic neighborhood in Port St. Joe. The project is composed of research and design. The research focuses on investigating the key factors that contribute to social resilience through a literature review and a user survey. These results were then presented to the LAA 3350C Landscape Architecture Site Planning and Design studio to assist students in redesigning the selected parks. We anticipate these design proposals help create an attractive park system that serves inclusive and vibrant spaces for people to live, work, and play and captures and treats stormwater runoff.

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Introduction 1. Port St. Joe Port St. Joe (PSJ) is located on the Florida panhandle in Gulf County, on the St. Joseph Bay (Figure 1).

Benefited from St. Joeseph Bay’s deepwater port and its connections to rivers and rail, PSJ was a hub of trade and once competed with the ports of Charleston and New Orleans. However, economic development slowed down in the late 1800s due to hurricanes, reduced cotton prices, the yellow fever epidemic, etc. In the early 1900s, the Apalachicola Northern Railroad, St. Joe Timber Company, St. Joe Paper Company, and other businesses revived the local economy and restored tourism to PSJ. In the 1950s, the primary businesses in PSJ included timber, resin, petroleum, and paper products.

PSJ experienced a steady population decline since the 1970s, and according to the U.S. Census Bureau, it has a population of 3,562 in 2017. PSJ is predominantly composed of blacks (35.4%) and whites (60.6%), with a small percentage of other minorities. The primary industry in PSJ includes education, healthcare, social assistance, construction, and retail. As a small town, PSJ prides itself on being slow-paced, having highquality seafood, and numerous recreational opportunities on water, such as kayaking, paddle boarding, snorkeling, scalloping, charter fishing trips, and passive beach activities.

Hurricane Michael struck PSJ in October 2018, which was a category five hurricane (NOAA, n.d.) and the strongest hurricane ever making landfall in the Florida panhandle. The storm caused catastrophic damage, particularly from Panama City Beach to PSJ and along Cape San Blas. Impacts on PSJ include infrastructure loss, road and building damage and destruction, erosion along the St. Joseph’s peninsula and power loss, inland flooding and tree-downing, etc.

The University of Florida works with the City of PSJ to complement FEMA’s short-term recovery efforts and develop long-term resilience strategies (Carney et al., 2019). This research is based on one of the Florida Resilient Cities (FRC) projects-Building a Resilient Urban Park System in PSJ. The FRC initiative, supported by Jessie Ball DuPont Fund, aims to help communities across Florida develop the capacity to be more prepared for and more resilient to increased risk (Carney et al. 2019); our Resilient Park System project set sights on the enhancement of social resilience through urban parks. This study can lead to a future comprehensive study of exploring metrics that evaluate a park’s social resilience functions.

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Figure 1: Location map

Introduction 2. Park and City Resilience The 100 Resilient Cities program by the Rockefeller Foundation defines urban resilience as “the capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems within a city to survive, adapt, and grow no matter what kinds of chronic stresses and acute shocks they experience � (100 Resilient Cities, 2017). In hazards research, resilience refers to the ability to survive and cope with a disaster with minimum impact and damage (Berke and Campanella, 2006). Specifically, social resilience, as one dimension of resilience, is intended to capture demographic qualities of a community’s population that tend to associate with physical and mental wellness leading to increased comprehension, communication, and mobility (Cutter et al., 2014).

Urban parks play a crucial role in enhancing community resilience from environmental, economic, and social aspects. As exposure to climate change and flooding increases, there are growing interests towards using nature-based solutions to mitigate disaster impacts. According to the Landscape Performance Series (LPS), one of the largest case portfolios for exemplary ecological practices in North America, 76% of park case studies have used green infrastructure (G.I.) and/or low impact development techniques (LID) to reduce the flooding risk and defend against disaster impacts. In addition, Narayan et al. (2017) reveal coastal wetlands in the northeastern coast of the U.S. avoided $625 Million in direct flood damages during Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Moreover, urban parks are well known for presenting opportunities to enhance social interaction and community bonds, celebrate local history and culture and improve public health and the quality of life (Luo et al., 2019; Kazmierczak, 2013; Wolch et al., 2011).

3. Parks in Port St. Joe Port St. Joe has abundant parks and green spaces, suggesting a great potential for resilience enhancement.

According to the City, there are ten community parks and two trails (Figure 2). These parks can be classified into waterfront and inland parks. The waterfront parks, including Jetty Park, George Core Park, Maddox Park of Shipyard Cove, and Frank Pate Park, facilitate fishing, boating, kayaking, sunset viewing, picnic, children play, and other passive beach activities. In addition, the parks have several significant historical locations, offering opportunities for education and ideal locations for local festivals and events. The inland parks support various daily activities, such as baseball, soccer, tennis, walking, biking, children play, and picnic. The parks in PSJ are connected by a pedestrian system composed of a Baywalk, sidewalks, and trails. The total length of the pedestrian system is over five miles.

Figure 2: City parks and trails in Port St. Joe

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Purpose This project aims to investigate the existing parks and provide suggestions on improving park facilities to serve the local community better and treat stormwater to defend against disaster impacts. While selecting study sites, we have considered several factors: 1) the topography/elevation of the parks, 2) park sizes, 3) whether there are existing stormwater treatment facilities, 4) surrounding land uses, and 5) the possibility of making connections between the north and south parts of the City to create ONE Port St. Joe. Based on these factors, we selected the linear inland parks as our study sites (Figure 3). These parks are in the 100year flood plain, relatively large, accessible to nearby neighborhoods, and extend northwards to the north PSJ. The detailed objectives are listed as follows: 1) To evaluate and document the capacity of stormwater retention/detention basins in the selected inland parks. This information will be used as a baseline for comparisons with potential design improvements proposed by U.F. landscape architecture students in Objective 3.

2) To understand the use of city parks and identify the key components of the parks that contribute to social resilience. An archival study of social resilience indicators and a park visitor survey in Port St. Joe will be conducted. Resilience-focused questions will be asked in the survey to highlight important functions recognized by the community that they think are helpful to social resilience.

3) To integrate the research from Objective 2 with the LAA 3350C Landscape Planning and Design studio and ask students to propose innovative designs for selected city parks in St. Joe using the research results obtained above.

4) To calculate the stormwater retention/detention capacity of the park improvements proposed by students and to estimate their performance. This result will be compared with the baseline data collected in Objective 1 to determine the degree to which the proposed park designs enhance St. Joe’s resilience based on stormwater retention/detention capacity.

Figure 3: Study sites

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Methodology 1. Project Framework The project is composed of research and design. The research was carried out from January to early March 2020, and the design was from March to early May 2020. The research focuses on investigating the key factors that contribute to social resilience through literature review and precedent study. These results were then presented to 19 students in the LAA 3350C Landscape Architecture Site Planning and Design studio to assist them in redesigning parks for Port St. Joe (Figure 4).

The project started in January 2020. The research team went to PSJ for the kick-off meeting and met with PSJ government agents on January 10th. Archival research of social resilience was conducted at first, to give instructions on parks’ social resilient functions and better park design for the studio course. On February 28th, Dr. Yi Luo led the undergraduate students of the LAA3350C studio course (18/19) of the University of Florida, the teaching assistant of the course, and a graduate student who was studying PSJ to conduct field research for the studio. A Financial Analysis & Fair Housing Coordinator of PSJ helped in the field research. During March 1-6, the project’s student research assistant went to PSJ for an onsite survey based on the FRC course.

2014) can be represented by job opportunities related to parks. The indicators with similar meanings were synthesized as one park-related indicator.

3. Park visitor survey We conducted a survey in PSJ during March 1-6, 2020, and retrieved 97 responses in total. Data were collected through an onsite, paper-based questionnaire. We distributed our questionnaire in local parks, on the streets, and near the local supermarkets, to people who affirmed that they had visited parks in PSJ firstly.

The survey contains four sections, including park visit, park use, park function, and user evaluation and demographics, single-choice, multiple-choice, and open-ended questions were included. Specifically, the 20 questions listed in the survey are as follows: • Five questions about park visit, including park visit frequency, most visited parks in PSJ and Gulf County, preferable park features, transportation to parks, and travel time to parks.

• Four questions about park use, including park staying time, reasons for visiting parks, mostly used amenities, and public events attendance.

• Six questions about park functions focus on resilience.

• Two questions about park satisfaction and suggestions, and two questions about ethnicities and living zones in PSJ. Through the demographic questions of the survey, we found that around three quarters (72.6%) of our respondents were residents in PSJ, 20.2% were from other areas in Gulf county, and 6% were out-of-state tourists. Besides, 76.6% of respondents self-identified as white, 10.6% self-identified as black, and less than 5% of respondents split the resting proportions as two or more races, American Indian, Hispanic, and Asian (Figure 5).

Figure 4: Project timeline

2. Archival research We identified the indicators of social resilience and constructed a composite index of park-related social resilience from the literature review. Data for the research were collected from free and open data sources.

The raw indicators underwent a process of scaling and synthesizing after being collected. Cutter et al. (2008) indicated that the bifurcation on scale existed in the research literature of social resilience, e.g., wealth could be measured as mean income, personal savings, collective communal wealth, Gross Regional Product, or Gross National Product. Thus, we scaled—mostly downscaled—the indicators to a park scale, so that all the variables can be applicable in parks. For example, the indicator of food security rate (Pingali et al., 2005; Tobin and Whiteford, 2012) can be represented by the park indicator of food provisioning; the indicator of non-dependence on primary/tourism sectors (Sherrieb et al., 2010; Rose and Krausmann, 2013; Cutter et al.,

Figure 5: Demographics of survey respondents: (A) Park visitor source; (B) Ethnicity

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4. Inventory and analysis GIS data, e.g., hydrology, circulation, topography, land uses, were obtained from the Florida Geographic Data Library (FGDL), the Land Boundary Information System (LABINS), and the Florida Resilient Cities program. In addition, students in LAA 3350C studio were divided into five teams to carry out site inventory for the following aspects: 1) view study & existing archaeological sites, 2) wildlife & vegetation, 3) climate & soil, 4) demographic & local culture and history, and 5) community needs & existing architectural style. This information was then analyzed to direct the planning and design for the inland parks.

5. Case study Each student team (5 teams) conducted three case studies: one focuses on stormwater management, one focuses on successful park design for passive and active activities, and the other focuses on crossings for roads with heavy traffic volume (highway, railway, etc.)The case studies need to address the following dimensions: • Basic information – location, size, designers, land use types, budget, etc.

• Goals and objectives – What are the key goals (social, ecological, aesthetic) and how they are achieved?

• Design – What are the key design concepts? The inspiration for form? How did the designer translate goals into form?

• Guidance on your project

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RESULTS

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I. ARCHIVAL RESEARCH

Dimension

1. Social resilience indicator of parks

Based on the archival study, we classified the park functions that potentially contribute to social resilience into six main dimensions, including: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Providing spaces

access to information (e.g., information, knowledge, technology); providing spaces (e.g., training, organization); cultural services (e.g., recreational, educational, place attachment); provisioning services (e.g., food, water, ecosystem goods); social capital (e.g., social networks and connections); economic capital.

The relevant citations that provide either the conceptual or empirical justification were also listed in Table 1.

Table 1. Park-related indicators contributing to social resilience.

Dimension Access to information

Providing spaces

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Social Resilience Indicators Hazard warning and evacuation (Cox & Hamlen, 2015), Hazard awareness (Cox & Hamlen, 2015), Hazard warning and evacuation (Cox & Hamlen, 2015) Local understanding of risk (Cutter et al., 2008), Receipt of drought preparation information (Oxfam, 2013), Citizen disaster preparedness and response skills (Cutter et al., 2014) Hazard mitigation plans (Cutter et al., 2008), Emergency services (Cutter et al., 2008), Access to state innovative plans (Oxfam, 2013), Perceptions of local government emergency support (Oxfam, 2013), Awareness of drought preparedness plan (Oxfam, 2013), Local plans (Cox & Hamlen, 2015), Emergency operations(Cox & Hamlen, 2015), Emergency management inventories (Cox & Hamlen, 2015) Awareness of community-level disaster risk reduction (Oxfam, 2013), Awareness of local leader/community institution in supporting adaptation (Oxfam, 2013) Red cross training workshop (Godschalk, 2003), Participation in hazard reduction program (Cutter et al., 2008), Drought preparedness practice (Oxfam, 2013), Disaster aid experience (Tierney & Bruneau, 2007; Cutter et al., 2014), Local disaster training (Simonovich & Sharabi, 2013; Cutter et al., 2014), Train community in reducing disaster risk (Suckall, 2018), Train community in water management (Suckall, 2018), Evacuation training (Suckall, 2018)

Social Resilience Indicators (park-related) Hazard warning

Cultural services

Knowledge and skills about disaster Awareness of local government policies

Awareness of community-level initiatives Disaster training

Provisioning services

Social Resilience Indicators Organizational resilience (Cutter et al., 2008), Religious organizations (Walsh, 2007, Sherrieb et al., 2010, Cutter et al., 2014), Faith-based organizations (Cutter et al., 2008), Civic organizations (Cutter et al., 2014) Hotels/motels (Johnson, 2007; Tierney, 2009), Temporary shelter availability (Cutter et al., 2014), Temporary evacuation (Suckall, 2018) Counseling services (Cutter et al., 2008), Physician access (Norris et al., 2008; Chandra et al., 2011; Cutter et al., 2014), Medical care capacity (Cimellaro et al., 2010; Birkmann et al., 2013; Cutter et al., 2014), Emergency medical response (Cox & Hamlen, 2015), Health emergency management (Cox & Hamlen, 2015), Local/regional health care (Cox & Hamlen, 2015) Market access (Oxfam, 2013), Major service centers (Cox & Hamlen, 2015) Educational attainment equality (Morrow, 2008; Sherrieb et al., 2010), Encourage learning and experimentation (Biggs et al., 2012), Foster an understanding of complex adaptive systems (Biggs et al., 2012), Attitudes toward new livelihood practices (Oxfam, 2013), Skills and knowledge of community resources (Cox & Hamlen, 2015), Resilience approach (Cox & Hamlen, 2015) Health and wellness (Cutter et al., 2008), Quality of life (Cutter et al., 2008), Psychosocial support facilities (Springgate et al., 2011; Pietrzak et al., 2012), Mental health support (Cutter et al., 2014), Community well-being (Cox & Hamlen, 2015) Place attachment (-not recent immigrants & -native born residents) (Norris et al., 2008; Sherrieb et al., 2010; Cutter et al.,2014) Food security rate (Pingali et al., 2005; Tobin & Whiteford, 2012), Food provisioning capacity (Cutter et al., 2014), Food security (Cox & Hamlen, 2015) Access to water for livestock/consumption (Oxfam, 2013), Access to irrigation for farming (Oxfam, 2013)

Social Resilience Indicators (park-related) Organizations

Temporary shelters

Health access

Service access Education

Mental health

Sense of place Food provisioning

Access to water Ecosystem goods

Dimension Social capital

Economic capital

Social Resilience Indicators Interoperable communications (Cutter et al., 2008), Community values-cohesion (Cutter et al.,2008; Strawderman et al., 2012; Burger et al., 2013), Social networks and social embeddedness (Cutter et al., 2008), Social connectivity (Oxfam, 2013), Communication capacity (Cutter et al., 2014), Crisis communication (Cox, 2014), Communication engagement (Cox & Hamlen, 2015), Communication and information regarding individual roles and responsibilities (Suckall et al., 2018) High speed internet infrastructure (UNDESA, 2007; Cutter et al., 2014), Telecommunications (Cox & Hamlen, 2015) Disaster volunteerism (Paton & Johnston, 2006; Cutter et al., 2014), Volunteer networks (Cox & Hamlen, 2015) Employment rate (Cutter et al., 2008 & 2014; Sherrieb et al., 2010; Rose & Krausmann, 2013), Non-dependence on primary/tourism sectors (Sherrieb et al., 2010; Rose and Krausmann, 2013; Cutter et al., 2014)

Social Resilience Indicators (park-related) Public participation

Figure 5: Most visited parks in Port St. Joe

Internet infrastructure Disaster volunteerism

Figure 6: Most visited parks in Gulf County

Job opportunities related to park

Dependence on industries within the park

For the future study of parks’ social resilience, the index of this study guides what we need to consider to help achieve social resilience. However, it only shows the basic ideas of literature and presents people’s opinions on the social resilience of parks in the specific study area PSJ. The next step is to develop these indicators into measurable metrics, test them in a real-world application, and build the baseline data for assessing parks’ social resilience services.

2. Park visit

Half of the PSJ respondents reported visiting a park once or more than once a month, while approximately a quarter of respondents visit a park at least once a week (Figure 7 (A)). Averagely, 85% of respondents reported spending over half an hour in a park during each visit (Figure 7 (B)). Three quarters have attended public events in parks during the past year (Figure 7 (C)).

II. PARK VISITOR SURVEY 1 Parks in PSJ and Gulf County

According to the survey, the most-visited parks in the city include George Core Park (38.1%), Frank Pate Park (33.0%), and Port City Trail (33.0%) (Figure 3). In addition, Gulf county has some other popular parks outside PSJ. For example, St. Joseph Peninsula State Park, located at the Cape San Blas, is the most renowned park in Gulf county as having over 700 reviews on TripAdvisor (till May, 2020). As the survey result shows, the most visited parks in Gulf county—from PSJ surveyed respondents’ perspective—include the St. Joseph Peninsula State Park (58.8%), Salinas Park (58.8%), and WindMark Beach (36.1%) (Figure 4).

Figure 7. Park use in Port St. Joe: (A) Park visit frequency; (B) Average time spent in parks during each visit; (C) Public event attendance. The proportions rank from the least to the greatest counterclockwise.

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3. Use of park amenities

5. Importance of parks and resilient design

Figure 8: Use of park amenities/features in Port St. Joe

Figure 10: Public recognition: (A) Importance of parks in a hazard area; (B) Importance of resilient strategies in park design

4. Suggestions for parks

6. Importance of resilient park functions

Based on the descriptions of PSJ’s City Parks and Recreation system (https://www.cityofportstjoe.com/ city-parks-recreation.cfm), we summarized the referred parks’ amenities/features like a multiple-choice question in the survey regarding the amenities’ use frequency. As a result, people enjoy the characteristic park amenities/features in PSJ more than those common ones in generic parks. Besides the picnic table, the most frequently used ones, e.g., sandy beach (54.3%), fishing pier (40.2%), boat dock (29.3%), all feature the seaside characteristics of PSJ (Figure 8).

The surveyed respondents’ suggestions for parks in PSJ are listed as follows (Figure 9). Adding amenities (31%), repairing/improving facilities (19%), and adding public activities (16%) take up the largest three proportions. Adding amenities includes adding more playground equipment, water fountains, windscreens, permanent pickleball net, lighting, and boat ramps. Repairing/improving facilities includes fixing the bridge, continuing recovery after the hurricane, finishing construction, and improving baseball and softball facilities.

Adding public activities that specifically focuses on children and the youth, including adding more educational programs, more activities for kids, and more recreational activities for people in their 20s and 30s such as basketball and tennis competitions. Other noteworthy suggestions include more funding for parks, more growth and inviting landscape, and public accommodation.

The respondents’ recognition of the importance of parks and resilient design strategies is quite high. The results show that 72% of respondents claim parks are essential in a hazard area with 48% think parks are very important (Figure 10). Over three-quarters of respondents think the resilient strategies in park design are important, with 59% think they are very important.

Considering the site feature of PSJ, we asked people to rank the importance of six main park functions in PSJ, which include flood control & stormwater management, other environmental benefits (e.g., biodiversity), recreation, education, provisioning services (e.g., food, water), and economic promotion in the survey. The curves show that a larger group of people take the park functions of flood control and recreation as of greater importance, more people think economic promotion and provisioning services less important, and education and other environmental benefits don’t show a clear trend of people’s preference (Figure 11 (A)).

To understand the results holistically, we also used a 1-6 scoring system where 1 stands for the least and 6 for the most important park functions and calculated the overall scores of individual park functions. The results show that flood control & stormwater management and recreation are of the equally highest importance in PSJ, while economic promotion and provisioning services become relatively unimportant (Figure 11 (B)).

Figure 9: Public suggestions for the parks in Port St. Joe

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Figure 11: Importance ranking of six main park functions in Port St. Joe: (A) Importance ranking of individual park functions; (B) Overall importance ranking.

7. Importance of park-related social resilience indicators

To further understand the importance of the above park-related social resilience indicators, we selected 15 out of the 22 indicators as a multiple-choice question in our park visitor survey. The results of the 15 selected indicators range from 20.0% to 44.4% based on 90 responses, with local disaster training (44.4%), mental health and psychosocial support (43.3%), public organizations (41.1%), and job positions related to park (41.1%) being the most popular options (Figure 12).

Figure 12: Importance ranking of park functions that contributing to social resilience

The majority of suggestions of the survey refer to recreational, educational, and economic sug gestions, as well as calling for facility recovery, with few suggestions about other aspects of resilience.

Meanwhile, economic benefit resulted in being less important compared to other park functions, especially the flood control and stormwater management function and other environmental benefits. However, few suggestions refer to flood control or environment improvements, while economic-related suggestions exist, such as “advertise the parks to attract more visitors”, “brochures”, and “more inviting landscape”. On the one hand, it reflects that certain park services were more easily detectable than others, including recreation, education, and social relations, which coincides with the study of social assessment of parks by Campbell et al. in 2016. On the other hand, people’s understanding of resilience may not be as deep and comprehensive as they thought, as compared to the 65% positive reply for the awareness of parks’ resilient functions.

Overall, though people have the consciousness of resilience, technical and particular suggestions for resilience are less likely to be put forward by the public. In comparison, detailed suggestions regarding park use can be effectively extracted via the questionnaire. The government should take charge of the scientific part of planning and design while looking into people’s real needs by some survey technique. For PSJ, we would suggest a) advertising more about the parks’ landscape performance due to its resilience abilities during disasters, such as economic benefits, b) providing public events such as disaster training in parks, and c) designing interesting education methods, e.g., participatory learning is a good way to involve people in and educate. Children’s educational programs are often preferable, as supported by suggestions on “more activities for kids” and “more educational programs”.

8. Awareness and learning willingness of park resilience

Regarding the particular flooding issue in PSJ, 65% of respondents declared that they are aware that park facilities can contribute to flooding resilience and stormwater management (Figure 13 (A)). Nearly half (48%) of the respondents did not show interest in learning more about how park facilities contribute to flood resilience. Comparing the different groups of respondents who replied aware and not aware of the parks’ resilient functions, we found the latter is far more likely (“maybe”) to study about how the park facilities contribute to flood resilience (19% vs. 47%), at the same time, with a slightly more positive attitude (“yes”) than the former (19% vs. 20%). The respondents would like to be educated about flood resilience through signs (60%), events (51%), pamphlet (43%), and online activities (40%), as well as social media, email, newspaper, and hand talk.

Figure 13: Awareness of resilience and learning willingness: (A) Awareness of parks’ resilience functions; (B ) The learning willingness of how park facilities contribute to flood resilience (C) The learning willingness of those aware of resilience; (D) The learning willingness of those unaware of resilience

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APPENDICES

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2020 PORT ST. JOE PARK PLANNING + DESIGN PROPOSAL TREE BUFFER

BRIDGE OVERLOOK

WETLANDS

RESTORED WETLAND BANK

WELP Design Studio LAA 3350C : Site Planning and Design (Instructor: Yi Luo) Team Members: Phillip Seymour, Erika Herrera, Kathryn Stenberg, Tamarind Matthews

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Site Inventory .............................................................. pg. 3 II. Programming ............................................................. pg. 4 III. Site Analysis ............................................................. pg. 4 III. Case Study ................................................................ pg. 9 IV. Conceptual Planning and Design ............................. pg. 13 V. Master Planning ......................................................... pg. 16 VI. Site Design ............................................................... pg. 18 VII. Post - Design Analysis .............................................. pg. 34

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SITE LOCATION

FLORIDA FLORIDA

PORT ST. PORT ST.JOE JOE

PROJECT SITE SITE

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VEGATATION MAP Description: The site is located in the zone 8 Area of plant communities and hardiness zones of Florida.

This is primarily a pine flatwoods zone. Within the site itself are a variety of native and non-native canopy tree specimens. Areas of tree coverage range from relatively dense in some parts to scarely vegetated in other sections.

Design Considerations: 1. Areas of heavily vegetated canopy trees may be used beneficially to a design advantage by utilizing them for forest bathing areas and locations for heavily shaded paths, gathering spaces or program element needs.

Pine Flatwoods Zone 8 (from FANN): ​ Under natural conditions, fires occur at 5-10 year intervals, preventing hardwood succession. ​ Plants tolerate a wide range of moisture and soil fertility levels and are generally not tolerant of salt, shade or alkaline soils. ​ Dry prairie is very similar to flatwoods but lacks the pine overstory.​ Wet prairies occasionally intermingle with pine flatwoods, forming a wetland mosaic.​ https://www.floridanativenurseries.org/plant-communities/detail/pine-flatwoods-zone-8​

​ Canopy Trees: ​ Pines (Pinus spp)​ Swamp Bay (Persea palustris)​ Red Maple (Acer rubrum)​ Oaks (Quercus spp)​ Loblolly Bay (Gordonia lasianthus)​ Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)​

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2. Although heavily shaded canopy areas may be beneficial, they may pose a constraint when deciding where more open spaces would chose to be implemented. Decisions will need to be made on which trees are neccessay to be removed and which can maintain their current location.

3. Health concerns of some older trees may arise, and a vegetation survey may be necessary to discern whether individual trees may be of a saftey concern.

4. In normal ecological circumstances fires occur on 5-10 year intervals that maintain the natural health of pine flatwood areas. This may pose a concern for areas of significant pine quantities that afre considered for public use.

SLOPE ANALYSIS Description: The majority of this site has a 0-2% slope, although some areas, particuarly along the canal banks, have a slope of up to 10% or higher Design Considerations: 1.

Accessibility throughout the site, in terms of slope, is fairly consistent across the majority of the site. However, the more steeply sloped areas closer to the water could be improved for greater accessibility.

2.

When designing for stormwater management, the less sloped areas could possibly become more active spaces through the implementation of wider bioswale or wetland area, or raingarden spaces.

3.

The areas of this site that lie in the dark green 0-2% slope range are more appropriate for activities like large gatherings, playgrounds, foodtrucks, buildings, and such. The more steeply sloped areas could provide unique opportunities to access the water and have that experience be enhanced by the topographic change.

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HISTORY AND CULTURE

Description: The Bay of St.Joseph was first documented by the Spanish in 1513. The original settlements, Presidio San Joe & Mission at Cape San Blas, were deserted by 1700 due to Native American conflicts & severe storms. But, by the end of the century, English loyalists established trading posts in St.Joseph. This began the solidification of Port St.Joe as an industrial & commercial trading hub. Cotton, timber, & railroad businesses allowed the community to thrive while inspiring tourism. Nowadays, Port St. Joe is known as a vibrant little place with a fun mainstreet & attractive beaches. A bountiful scallop population in the bay attracts diving from July to September Design Considerations: 1.With a rich historical backround, Port St. Joseph offers a variety of different factors that can be used in a design to draw the site back to the roots of the city. Native American backrounds, history of cotton mills, timber, and railroad activity are all part of the town’s roots. To create a park that embodies these entities is to bring home the culture of the city to its inhabitants.

2. The scallop population of the community dives a multitude of social settings, by creating space where events can be held for local social stimulation, the park can become a place where local delicacies can be enjoyed in the company of its citizens.

3. Due to Hurricane Michael hitting Port St. Joseph in 2018, there has been many negative impacts on both the mental health and the economy of this beach town. To create the site in a way that replenishes the energy in a time that is follwing such grief would be the ultimate succes.

4. The community members have explained their love for this city, but also their observation of its deterioration and its lack of stimulating activity. The site should embody both the town’s history and its current culturak cues to make a safe haven and place of joy for a city that has endured so much tragedy.

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DEMOGRAPHICS

Description:

Port St. Joe has been a town historically reliant on manufacturing and transporting goods due to its beneficial location on both the panhandle and in the bay. This lack of industry diversity has lead to severe fluctuations in employment and thus population. The town now sits in a unique position devastated by Hurricane Michael with an already sparse economy. These demographics chart best relate to the proposal and can inform our design in ways that generate effective community solutions.

Design Considerations: 1. As the average household income is slightly lower than the nation average efforts must be made to minimize cost.

2. Recycle and reuse as much on-site materials as possible.

3. Careful cut and fill calculations should be utilized to minimize unnecessary infrastructure expenses.

4. Cost effective materials should take a high priority 5. The design should offer some opportunity to provide income for the community.

6. The community has a strong middle age adult population and the design should reflect opportunities to accommodate them as well, perhaps in the form of a beer garden, or outdoor exercise equipment.

7. Design needs to accommodate the adolescent population in the form of sport fields or playgrounds.

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FLOOD ANALYSIS Description: In the case of a 100 year flood (1% an-nual chance) much of the site will be subject to flooding. Part of the site is designated as a AE Flood Zone, meaning that it is an area inundated by 1% annual chance, that has a determined base flood elevation (BFE), and is in a special flood hazard area.

Design Considerations: 1.

The site should be able to withstand flooding in almost all areas. Even though a 1% annual chance flood is rare, more frequent severe weather in the future will require the site to be able to withstand more frequent flooding events.

2.

Much of the residential area around the site is at similar or greater risk of flooding. The site could act as a resource for people in the event of flooding, especially the northern areas of the site, which are less prone to flooding.

3.

If furnishings on the site, like buildings, platforms, and bridges, remain accessible in times of flooding, they can act as a point of connection and aid for the com-munity.

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CASE STUDIES Stormwater Study: Alameda Park (Bay Area, CA) Pedestrian Activity: Arbor Blocks Woonerf (Seattle, WA) Park Design: Depot Park (Gainesville, FL)

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Stormwater Case Study: Public Sediment For Alameda Creek

Challenges + Resolutions

Project Statement

• Hardened creek edge Due to human development, the form of the creek has become frozen in place and sterilized for flood control.

This is addressed by ‘unlocking’ the creek, which promotes the distribution of sediment and the growth of habitats.

• Future sea level rise + shortage of sediment This project addresses the known risks of the coming decades, and represents a paradigm shift in how communities prepare for climate change. To be maximally effective, this effort must be replicated across tributaries and scaled up across the entire bay.

By SCAPE Bay Area, CA Developed for: Resilient By Design Bay Area Challenge

From SCAPE: “Public Sediment for Alameda Creek is a proposal to address the challenge of sediment scarcity along the vulnerable urban edges of Fremont, Union City, and Newark. To bring sediment to the baylands, we look upstream to Alameda Creek, the largest local tributary that feeds the Bay. Our proposal aims to redesign this waterbody to create functional systems that sustainably transport sediment, engage people, and provide habitat for anadromous fish. Our proposal moves beyond the tidal edge to span four geographies (uplands, creek, baylands, and bay”.

Connect the creek to the baylands

Living levee design

Bayland change

mudrooms, floodrooms, terrace trails, seasonal bridges

Goals + Objectives • Unlock Alameda Creek -Propose a new channel that moves sediment to the bay, with a deeper channel for fish.

-Replace typical riprap with a living levee blanket that provides pockets for diverse plant growth, stabilizing the sediment channel.

-Invite people in and along the creek through a series of mudrooms, floodrooms, terrace trails, and seasonal bridges.

-Line the channels with sensors to monitor creek health.

• Reorient neighborhoods to the creek -Connect fragmented communities to one another.

-Engage local schools in stewardship through involvement in monitoring the health of the creek.

• Address flood risk and connect creek with baylands -Create pebble dunes, a hybrid between a barrier island and a pebble beach that reduces waves and tidal energy -Include breach points to create mixing zones for fish, and bring sediment to wetlands as the sea level rises.

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Why This is a Useful Case Study

Public Sediment reconsiders traditional stormwater infrastructure, which usually takes the form of hardened, straight canals and static shorelines. The plan for Alameda Creek represents a holistic approach in the face of a changing climate. SCAPE utilizes the natural processes of sediment buildup and natural buffers to create a new stormwater management stlye that is able to adapt to future challenges.

Public Sediment also addresses the importance of social resilience to be supported by the built environment. The design for Alameda Creek addresses the stormwater concerns while also providing places for people gather and experience the creek together. These spaces turn the creek from a utilitarian remider of the changing environment to a place for people to connect and celebrate their community’s resilience and growth.

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Park Design Case Study: Depot Park

By Zamia design, and Jola inc.

874 SE 4 St, Gainesville, FL 32601 Site size: 35 Acres Date of completion: Summer of 2016 Project Statement

“This 35-acre brownfield site near downtown Gainesville is the future jewel of the parks and recreation department. A conceptual master plan provided for a variety of recreational amenities within the context of a master stormwater facility. Wetland mitigation was provided through extensive littoral zone plantings in Phase I. Other services included assistance with the Florida Division of Historic Resources on the siting of the historic Depot Station, grading plans for the Phase II amphitheater, and construction drawings for boat landing areas, pathways and the lake-side promenade bulkhead.”

(Zamia Design)

Goals of Depot Park The main intentions of the location and design of depot park were to first treat the existing brown field and then create a community hub that would in return treat water as it left the city of Gainesville.

Program elements -Children’s playground -Indoor bar and event space -Outdoor seating adjacent to building -Open lawn -Lawn mound fronted by performance space -Pavilion -Linear system of sculptures -Water treatment bay -Public restrooms -Pavilion Dissecting Elements Recycled Railroads: Used for planter beds, pathway emphasis, and overhead structures Retaining walls: Around the water treatment bay prevent easy access of the public Grass mound: Forms an amphitheater like zone Hierarchy in trail system: Allows for easy wayfinding and minimal signage Water Overlook: Allows for panoramic unobstructed views of the park Path lined Constructed Wetland: Allows for visitors to witness pollution collecting power of plant materials View sheds: Scenic Framing of the adjacent water treatment facility serves as a powerful reminder of the function of the site and a reference to the history of the location.

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What makes Depot Park so successful?

The diverse programing of the park as well as the strong material use reaching through surrounding neighborhoods and downtown Gainesville make it not only a desirable destination but an option thats always right around the corner.

Takeaways Material use: A strong command of materials can do much more than just improve aesthetics. Here the designer not only makes efforts in applying sustainable practices with recycling materials for the site but by choosing materials in a fashion mimicking downtown Gainesville they have achieved a deeper connection to the surroundings and thus a sense of place.

Context: This design works well because its primary goal is to serve the community. But how is this Achieved? First and foremost its design is open and airy allowing for flexible gathering spaces even during less than ideal whether events by use of the pavilion or renovated depot building. In this specific sector of town there was no quality public gathering space and Depot Park aims to fill this need. This design would seem out of place in a larger city surrounded by tall buildings as most people would prefer more visual screening as to not feel like a fish in a fishbowl, and like was in a small rural town this scale would be underutilized and feel unnecessary or even wasteful.

Zoning: The most interesting aspect of this park is how the designer separated the water treatment from the general body of the park with a retaining wall, while the remainder of the park wraps around this water body. This intertwining of water treatment and programmatic use creates a seamless transition between functions of the design.

CONCEPTUAL PLANNING AND DESIGN

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Port to Place Harboring Heritage

Creating a haven that embodies the history of resilience and stimulates the culture of an unshakeable city Port to Place will aim to embody the culture and history of Port St Joe though through a design that highlights the city’s features and stimulates community bonding, all while maintaining and enhancing the physical features of ecological resistance to future impacts.

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RAILROADS Railroads - the birth of industrial Port St Joe. Sculptural elements placed throughout the park system act as a nod to the presence of the railroad systems that have shaped and persisted throughout the history of Port St Joe

ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE There is a necessity for design that can withstand the turmoil of future environmental events. To be proactive in improving the current and future ecological state. Through stormwater management and sustainable design, the park becomes a symbol of the reslilience of Port St Joe

OYSTERS - A NATURAL GEOMETRY The basic geometry of an oyster shell consists of a favorite-sided triangle. Through natural curvature the triangle becomes composed of long sweeping arcs. This form is used as an elegant delineation of spaces throughout the site.

Cultural Identity Focus on the identity of PSJ and translate that into design through forms and materials Promote Economic Growth Create attractive environments that encourace tourism and local community involvement

Connectivity Create a park that unifies the community of PSJ through making a space that all residents will value. Utilize the park location to connect the two halves of the community for a stronger future together.

Social Resilience Encourage social interaction and bonding between people through inviting gathering spaces Safety Facilitate safe play and connection through improved street crossing visibility and trail intersections

Ecological Resilience Design stormwater treatment measures that result in water quality improvement Plan for major weather events and allow for greater water capacity in those times.

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SITE A - CONCEPT

Located at the northernmost end of the linear park system, Site A embodies the pearl of the oyster. As an intensely programmed site offering a variety of activities, it acts both as a draw for those living in South Port St Joe and as a source of pride for the community surrounding it.

Site A builds off of its existing features, including refurbished sports amenities and the main gym. The park is further enhanced by the addition of the healing garden and the reading garden, providing relaxing spaces that cater to mental health and more passive recreation. Entrances to the site connect to pedestrian-friendly streets within the neighborhood that feature shade trees, sidewalks, and creatively painted street crossings.

Systematic stormwater management is combined with artful design to achieve a series of visually pleasing and functional spaces throughout the site. Rain gardens highlight smaller-scale stormwater solutions, while the seasonally flooded retention pond and wetland area creates a showcase of native plantings and a space for people to play and connect.

SCHEMATIC PLAN

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SITE A - SECTIONS + PERSPECTIVE

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SITE-B

Home to the historical rail-yard of Port St. Joe, Site-B presented a one of a kind opportunity to re-purpose the towns watermark of industry into a celebrated and dynamic landscape. The native pine forest has done a remarkable job trying to reclaim the land and the tracks themselves have become densely populated with juvenile pines. This design showcases natures resiliency by keeping these features intact and including programmatic elements that work with this already existing “eco-structure�. The site has a two fold function acting as both a beautifully shaded pedestrian corridor that links North PSJ with South PSJ and a valued community hub in the form of the PSJ Cultural Center.

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SITE-B SITE PLAN

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SITE-B PERSPECTIVE

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SITE-B SECTION

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SITE-B PERSPECTIVE

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SITE-C

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CONCEPT DIAGRAMS

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SITE-C SITE PLAN

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SITE-C CROSS SECTIONS

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SITE-C PERSPECTIVE

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SITE D - CONCEPT With an emphasis on preserving the trees throughout the landscape, this Site D design serves to subject visitors to forest bathing while still including vast open areas. A series of wetland zones in the lowered bank areas assists in the management of stormwater; Port St. Joe typically has sandy soil with a high infiltration rate. As Port St.Joe was previously famous for its oyster populations, an abstracted oyter sketch was ustilized as a concept idea for the overall plan.

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SPORTS FIELD

COMMUNITY GARDEN

STORMWATER RETENTION & WETLANDS

PAVILION

RAIN GARDEN

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SHADED PLAZA

SITE D - SECTION & PERSPECTIVES TREE BUFFER

BRIDGE OVERLOOK

WETLANDS

RESTORED WETLAND BANK

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TREE BUFFER

WALKING TRAIL

TALL GRASSES WETLANDS

1”=30’

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POST DESIGN ANALYSIS

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2020 Port St. Joe TIDAL PARK: Park Planning and Design Proposal

BWLG Studio LAA 3350C : Site Planning and Design (Instructor: Yi Luo) Team Members: Pedro Llanos, Julia Watson, Julia Best, Isabella Guttuso

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Site Inventory .............................................................. pg. 3 - 15 II. Programming .............................................................. pg. 16 - 22 III. Site Analysis .............................................................. pg. 23 - 24 III. Case Studies .............................................................. pg. 2 - 34 IV. Conceptual Planning and Design .............................. pg. 36 V. Master Plan ................................................................ pg. 37 VI. Site Design ................................................................ pg. 38 - 45 VII. Site Analysis ............................................................. pg. 46

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SITE LOCATION

FLORIDA FLORIDA

PORT ST. PORT ST.JOE JOE

PARK SITESITE

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FEMA FLOOD ZONES Description: An area designated AE presents a 1 percent annual chance of flooding.

This area is more commonly referred to as the base flood area or the 100year flood plain.

Design Considerations: 1. Site B,C,D fall in AE flood zone, therefore must be designed with resilient features 2. Consider opening current retention ponds to allow for more water Bank stabilization design and beautification with proper vegetation

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WETLANDS Description: Palustrine wetlands (green) include any inland wetland that contains ocean-derived salts in concentrations of less than 0.5 parts per thousand, and is non-tidal. The word palustrine comes from the Latin word palus or marsh. Wetlands within this category include inland marshes and swamps as well as bogs, fens, tundra and floodplains. Palustrine wetlands can also be considered the area on the side of a river or a lake, as long as they are covered by vegetation such as trees, shrubs, and emergent plants.

Design Considerations: 1. Nurture wetland listed in site B through restorative design (many exotics noticed during site visit) 2. Create more wetland on site 3. Provide educational opportunity for visitors to learn about benefits of wetlands in stormwater treatment and management

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EXISTING ROADWAY / LEVEL OF SERVICE Description: A variety of roadways intersect the site. These roadways vary from lowuse/slow speed residential streets to SR71 Design Considerations: 1. Provide safe opportunities for pedestrians to cross roadways within the site 2. Adjust crossing design based on roadway intensity (wayfinding opportunity) 3. Potential for artful crosswalk design

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ROADS AND RAILWAYS Description: Rails that used to connect to the bay are still present, intersect Site B and wrap around Site A Design Considerations: 1. Rails are a symbol of important history in PSJ 2. Rails provide opportunity for trail system 3. Can inspire design form when considering connection from site A to site B

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ENERGY CONSERVATION AREAS AND FEATURES Description: Site C and D already have existing pedestrian walkways. Site A and B are within the existing redevelopment area and do not have identified pedestrian walkways.

Design Considerations: 1. Continue existing pedestrian walkways to existing redevelopment area (connect N and S PSJ) 2. Provide variation to current, strictly linear pedestrian walkways and/or link current pedestrian walkways to proposed paths 3. Potentially include bike specific trails

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FEMA FLOOD ZONES AND HYDROLOGY Description: The FEMA Flood Map predicts that our site is vulnerable to sea level rise. Site B is predominately a NHD waterway. Site B,C,D is in a Flood Zone.

Design Considerations: 1. Site B largely a NHD waterway - need to allow plenty of space for end of retention system here 2. Site B,C,D in Flood zone. Design with flexible water levels in mind.

3. Open retention area in C and D, make system’s shape a more meandering, natural form rather than current linear form

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VEGETATION

Description: The PSJ Park site is located within the pine flatwood plant community in zone 8b.There is dense canopy in site B and C, where site A and D have a scattered canopy.

Design Considerations: 1. Identify where native vegetation is thriving, and potentially encourage this growth with additional planting 2. Protect existing canopy - incorporate in trail design for shade during passive activity 3. Create native plant palette based off pine flatwood community, and what plants work well around waterways in zone 8b 10

WILDLIFE Description: Providing habitat for local wildlife will enhance biodiversity within the community and increase resiliency.

Design Considerations: 1. Create spaces for the public to learn and experience wildlife and emergent plants 2. Birdwatching can contribute to PSJ tourism and passive activity 3. Understanding wildlife needs can inform decisions on vegetation choices

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DEMOGRAPHICS Description: Expressed through graphics Design Considerations: 1. Important to consider because it shows the type of people that are going to be using the site and parks 2. Also the majority of races and how we can help to decrease the apparent separation of the races 3. It is also important to mention the age groups, and what age children are going to be using the parks and how many children are going to be born and use the site in the future as toddlers.

4. Average age of 45.6 is higher than the national average. This is meaningful since it shows that most of the users are going to be older than in most areas.

5. Important to consider when designing spaces for families and spaces for groups of approximately three people 6. Meaningful to point out that when designing paths or areas of rest, benches, pavilions, these should be designed to be suitable for a group of three 7. Safety must be a factor for children and their families.

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DEMOGRAPHICS Description: Main Industry: from most prominent to least) Education​, Healthcare​, Social assistance​, Construction​, Retail​, Tourism. Historic Industry: Seaport, Paper mill, timber, Arizona Chemical Plant Design Considerations: 1. Education - consider schools in close proximity to project site, design with school group visits in mind 2. Healthcare, social assistance - design spaces with elderly/those who need assistance in mind - easy paths, opportunity to rest and access shade 3. Consider tourists - provide opportunity to educate visitors about PSJ

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HISTORY

Description: PSJ has diverse history that revolved around industry present in the region. People first took interest in the area due to the sanctuary it provided and abundant seafood Design Considerations: 1. Incorporate historical context through site elements 2. Educate about native land PSJ is located within (Apalachee nation) 3. Educational signs along bike trail about industrial history

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CULTURE Description: PSJ is a small town that prides itself in being slow pace, having high quality seafood and numerous recreational opportunities on the water Design Considerations: 1. Be sensitive to fact that citizens of PSJ are proud of their humble beach town. Do not want a park to contradict the identity they know and love.

2. Provide gathering space within park for events to take place.

3. Incorporate identity in site elements. (example idea - exposed oyster shell in concrete sidewalks) 4. PSJ resident critique - more activity for children and young people.

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GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

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EXPERIENCE MAP

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SITE ANALYSIS GENERAL OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS Northern parts of site are protected from flooding Historical/Cultural elements already within site Various ecosystems present that can be rejuvenated Narrow corridor with residents in close proximity Majority of site is within flood zone Various roads bisecting site boundaries

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SITE ANALYSIS

SITE A

SITE B 24

SITE C

SITE D

CASE STUDIES DEPOT PARK - INTEGRATED STORMWATER DESIGN RAILROAD PARK - POST-INDUSTRIAL PARK DESIGN POTTERY ROAD - PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

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DEPOT PARK Gainesville, FL Case Study for Integrated Stormwater Design “Junction of past and future in downtown Gainesville, Florida” Vision: Create a contemporary public green-space to serve as Gainesville’s “Central Park.” To be a signature city park located downtown and provide a space for public outdoor enjoyment unique to the city.

Connections to Port St. Joe Site:

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DEPOT PARK Gainesville, FL The site is adjacent to: Several residential communities Industrial business Sweetwater Branch Creek Transit stations Bike Trail Downtown

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DEPOT PARK BACKGROUND INFO AND CONCEPT Depot Park is highly used and the most visible park in Gainesville. The park is a significant economic driver in the community and strives to engage local businesses, organizations, and clubs. A primary goal for Depot is to strengthen community bonds and cultivate economic vitality within the City.

Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Depot Park showcases a 1860’s era train station that had once served as Gainesville’s main railroad hub. This rustic, railroad theme serves as a theme for the entire park.

This park also pays homage to fallen cyclists and invites visitors to learn how the bicycle safety movement began through a Share the Road Memorial.

DESIGN CONCEPT:

Inspired by natural water body forms like lakes, wetlands, and streams Evident by organic shapes, dendritic stream that is also demonstrated in the form the paths take Left the existing retention pond shapes and enhanced them.

Transition from North to South is formal to natural (Main lake has large, perfect curves flush with hardscape which transitions to soft edges as you follow the water south.)

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DEPOT PARK AMENITIES AND PROGRAMMING On the west side of Depot Park is the Cade Museum. Here, children can exercise their creativity in labs before frolicking in the Adventure Play Area. Parents can watch their children from a bench or pavilion while their children enjoy interactive play features like: a wheelchair-accessible choo-choo trail replica, and oak tree climber, a sandpit with hidden fossils, a rolling hill, dueling slides, more than a dozen swings, and much more.

Depot boasts activities for all ages with adults free to experience the conservation area, stroll the promenade, picnic under the pavilion, grab something from The Box Car Wine and Beer Garden, or attend one of the many events on The Hill.

Since opening in August 2016, the park has hosted a countless variety of events and programs designed to create a unique, memorable experience.

Story-time in Depot Park Depot Park run European Cultural Festival Depot Parks Birthday Annual Celebration Yoga, Martial Arts, and Boot Camp classes

Veg Fest Puppy 5k Live Music Pop-Up Art’s Fair Holiday Events

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DEPOT PARK STORMWATER TREATMENT The city wanted ponds designed to capture and treat stormwater from an 89 acre area in downtown Gainesville, so the City of Gainesville Public Works Department developed a basin plan & designed a stormwater treatment system System captures: Runoff from 47 acres of downtown Runoff from remaining 42 acres re-routed from the adjacent Sweetwater Branch Creek Treatment Plan brings stormwater through a series of: Baffle boxes Fore-bays Wet detention ponds A braided stream Constructed wetlands

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RAILROAD PARK Birmingham, Alabama Case Study for Post-Industrial Site Design “Junction of past and future in downtown Gainesville, Florida” “Birmingham’s Living Room” Vision: Create a park that would unite the northern downtown with the booming south side even though they are bisected by a 15-ft-high, 11-line active railway.

SIZE=19 ACRES The park runs parallel to 11 active railway lines to the north of the site that move through the urban core of the city.

The park features a ‘Rail Trail’ on top of a series of hillocks for train watching.

BENEFITS: Over 600,000 visitors annually.

Improves perception of Downtown Birmingham and helps unify the northern and southern parts of the city Influences housing choices for 56% of survey takers Serves as a place to exercise for 87% of survey takers Catalyzed $324.5 million in public and private investment in the area since the park’s opening

BEFORE

AFTER

Removes 20,800 pounds of atmospheric carbon annually, can be sees as reparations for industrial past Doubled bird species diversity 31

RAILROAD PARK INSPIRING ELEMENTS

Hills provide an open space for picnics, train watching, and allow for people to be at the same level as the trains in a safe manner. No soil was imported for this site. Hills were created from the soil used to create the water features. The chimney stacks in background were preserved industrial elements and are a potential element for wayfinding.

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Birmingham was once the brick-making industrial center of the South-Eastern United States.

Post WW2, many of the factories were abandoned as industry moved elsewhere. Many of these warehouses remain the same shape as they were 50 years ago and many materials for the site were salvaged from these buildings.

Many steel elements were found in the pre-existing marsh and were put to use.

All water in the park is stormwater. The site is the lowest part in the city.

Reservoir collects rainwater and is used for water features throughout the site. The Birch Bowl (right photo) provides an artful rainwater design for fluctuating water levels.

The dangerously dark Art Deco railroad pass was the primary barrier between the site and city center. To ameliorate this situation, the underpass has been turned into a public art project that is lit for different events.

POTTERY ROAD Pottery Road and Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Canada Case Study for Pedestrian Crossing Vision: This project is the first component of a larger scheme to provide interpretation, accessibility, and environmental control for the Lower Don Recreational Trail in Toronto.

Previously the “connection, or lack thereof created an experience of: 1. Unplanned and unsustainable trails, including a widely used but extremely unsafe crossing at Pottery Road 2. Fast flow of traffic and a narrow crossing 3. Forced pedestrians and cyclists to cross the road at a dangerously slow pace 4. Put users were at risk of serious injury Connections to Port St. Joe Site:

Pottery Road Crossing

SR-71 in Port St. Joe

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POTTERY ROAD INSPIRING ELEMENTS The site includes features in order to address safety issues: Narrowing out the road and creating an island at the intersection Including signage on the elements used Including a patterned paving that shows where pedestrians should cross, and signifies to drivers that there is a specific pedestrian crossing Increase and encourage safe transportation in multiple ways (biking, walking, etc.)

The site also improves public understanding and appreciation for urban ecology and importance of safe road connections by improving usability of the road by providing functional access and connection to natural areas and trails and providing planters on the island in the middle of the road

DESIGN CONCEPT: 1. Walking path designed to express the Lower Don River Trail that the crossing connects to.

2. Intuitive design and signage exemplify a true connection being made.

3. Moving away from a rigid and meaningless path being placed on the road.

4. Connection to nature exemplified by the planter on the island on the road.

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CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT Tidal Park is a linear park intersecting Port St. Joe’s residential, historical, business, and ecological areas, connected by water most of the way. Historically water has shaped Port St. Joe and continues to influence the economy, life, and inspire pride in the community today.

Through analyzing polls and speaking to residents in person, we found that there is a desire for Tidal Park to provide opportunities for young people and those looking for an active lifestyle while preserving the character the community loves and is known for; being a slow paced, relaxed town.

Therefore, we see Tidal Park as a space to thread water and the desire for transitions between active and passive recreation.

The park is based on the definitions of: BALANCE FLUCTUATION INTERSECTION In an effort to pull concepts from natural forms, we considered what examples from nature, relevant to Port St. Joe, symbolize these words.

Tides, constantly in a fluctuating ebb and flow, make for ever changing shorelines and layering of incoming waves. We believe this form perfectly parallels the image of Port St. Joe’s beaches, but also the spirit and mindset of a community able to remain flexible with coastal shifts due to climate change.

We considered the movement and patterns from tidal charts recorded from St. Joseph’s Bay, images of Port St. Joe’s inter-tidal regions, and the form of tidal creatures (such as oysters) in creating movement throughout our site. Through these considerations, we believe Tidal Park serves as an experiential place that allows visitors to further connect to the essence of the town, and feels comfortably familiar to those that call Port St. Joe home.

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CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

We chose an oyster to inspire our conceptual forms due to their economical importance in the region, historical relevance and ecological symbolism. After taking a closer look at oyster formations and their life cycle, we began to relate them into the design concept. In Site A, the pearl of the oyster is represented by the school building, with elements radiating and reacting from this important feature.

Site B’s closed loop represents the unity of the west and east communities. In Sites C and D, we were inspired by the formation of organic ridges on the oyster and tidal forms.

Supporting images for concept development

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Concept sketch

TIDAL PARK MASTER PLAN

CONNECTING RAILROAD TRACK PATH

COMMUNITY GARDEN SCHOOL SCULPTURAL/ARTISTIC WALL FEATURE

PARK MOUND PLAZA RAILWAY HISTORY WALK AND BOXCAR BRIDGE

NATURAL AREA WITH TRAILS

WANDERING FOREST

COMMUNITY CENTER

SEATING AREAS

EXPANDING BRIDGE

WETLAND EXPLORATION STEPS

FLOOD PLAIN

EDUCATION CENTER

The Tidal Park master plan shows connection through thoughtful intersection of design elements with surrounding existing features in the PSJ community. We accomplished this in sites C and D namely through pathways that responded to existing neighborhood entrances. We believe inviting the immediate community and creating elements that encouraged neighborly involvement, like the community center and plaza, would lead to success. Railways and water-bodies are also elements we amplified to reinforce the idea of fluctuation and intersection. In sites A and B, we reinvented the railroad to no longer represent division but rather intersection and celebration of the historical feature in an effort to bridge the community. With this in mind, we utilized the existing rail and water networks as a guide for placing our shared bike and pedestrian scenic trails. Our master shows how water fluctuates and moves through the unified park system.

1” = 200’

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SITE A

Site A is are integrated within a historically segregated neighborhood, and with this design we were hoping to create a celebrated central and cultural feature that bridges the community. In site A, the historical School gym is towards the middle of the site, so we decided to design around it as it is the pearl of the oyster. The major paths surrounding create an oyster shape, and the program elements radiate from this spot.

These are reference images of different areas and program elements, such as the material pallet of this existing canopy, the community garden, plant buffers with pathways implemented, and a historical and 38 cultural wall feature.

Existing Nathan Peters Jr. Park

This section explores what is happening on the existing railroad connection and bike path. There is bike and walk paths next to the tracks, but there is also shade from the existing trees on site. Benches would be implemented so that people can hangout, rest, or even bring a canvas and paint.

This section shows the areas right around the school with these wall and seat features. In order to implement gathering and congregation spaces where outdoor events can take place. There would be shaded areas to sit and watch as people can stand and perform on the pedestal.

The basketball courts on site each feature three bright vibrant colors that were extracted from visuals that we captured on site as well as from doing research on Port St. Joe.

This perspective shows the view towards the school coming from the south side of the site. Here these wavy wall features are shown. The Waves of the wall go along with our theme and title of Tidal Park, but they also help to incorporate an engaging feature on the lawns. In addition, the walls include these historical murals and quotes which further accentuate the historical importance of the site.

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SITE B FROM DIVISION TO INTERSECTION Historically railroads racially divided communities throughout the United States, and this is especially the case in Port St Joe. Site B’s train tracks divide the North Port St. Joe community with the South Port St. Joe neighborhoods. This makes site B a crucial link not only for the park but the community as a whole. Although the railroad has a history of division, it is also a historical landmark tied to the town’s economic past with the paper industry; which is a source of pride and heritage for many Port St. Joe residents. Therefore, I wanted to flip the narrative around the railroad from division to intersection; making it an attractive spot for those visiting and an important marker for those following the entire park’s trail system.

Economic opportunity with a Depot Store similar to Depot Park’s.

Existing juvenile pines in railroad tracks preserved.

Artful

road crossing for SR-71 inspired by Pottery Road.

In the site plan you can see an expansion of the current flood zone to create a more defined floodplain, a mounded high point to counteract the floodplain low point which provides potential view of lighthouse, and a relax linear flow of current canal to create a meandering creek flanked by trails on either side. This section provides a view into the topographic changes for this design. The mound itself was inspired by oyster middens which I saw while driving on the scenic highway to Port St. Joe and within the state’s historic photo archive for the town, but also alludes to the mounds created by the Apalachee Indians indigenous to the Forgotten Coast region.

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SITE B I wanted not only the overall site design but also smaller details and materials to feel like they fit within Forgotten Coast culture and an integrated railway design, so I thought about including railroad tie site features and filling pathways along railroad with concrete composed of oyster shell aggregate. Also included were light fixtures inspired by park lights in the neighboring town of Carrabelle, and two boxcars used for the Apalachicola Northern Railroad that inspired the boxcar installations on site.

Tidal pattern designed for cross walks

This perspective depicts the boxcar bridge where the tracks have been cut to allow for the meandering creek to flow into the floodplain. It shows a wet meadow and a vegetated creek bed consisting of bank stabilization plants.

The slope of the railroad is stabilized with corten steel retaining walls, and the middle section of the boxcar bridge is opened on either side to allow for viewing. With a variety of native plantings and enhanced natural areas, native wildlife such as the Great egret, Tricolored heron, and Redhead duck pictured in the perspective will frequent the site.

Apalachicola Northern Railroad Boxcar especially designed for the Port St Joe Route.

Concrete with oyster shell aggregate

Re-purposed railroad tie site features.

This section provides a look into the terraced steps to the floodplain adjacent to the trail and a pavilion for gatherings.

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SITE C A HUMANIST RETURN TO NATURE

Overall site plan.

A VARIETY OF EXPERIENCES

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The looping behavior of the waterway creates a variety of different landscapes. One of these created areas is a n ‘island’ to the right of the site. This island includes a picnicking area, a paved area for demonstrations and performances, and steps allowing of r the public to interact with the waterway during the dry season.

The design for site C is built upon the pre-existing waterway that cuts throughout the side. The once rigid channel-like waterway has been allowed to meander through the site, cutting through the landscape. The waterway now mimics the habit of a natural river, with differences of width and depth, as well as sand deposits on either side of its journey through the site. These sandbars serve a dual purpose: they allow for plantings of water-purifying plants and also allow for the public to interact with the waterway.

Section showing the waterway’s interactions with the land.

SITE C

A section showing the monumentalizing effect of the wandering forest.

WANDERING FOREST FOR CONTEMPLATION

Meditative tree garden found in Cambodia.

On the one side of the site is an additional island. On this island surrounded by the waterway is a grove of lob-lolly pines. These trees, which can reach great heights as tall as 115 feet , tower over everything in the vicinity. This monument to the loblolly pine is intended to give visitor s a silent and almost sacred area for contemplation . As visitors walk through this grove, they are invited to think about the root of Port Saint Joe and of their own lives. This concept is inspired by the meditative tree gardens found throughout the world as seen to the left.

Conceptual perspective of the wandering forest.

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SITE D The design for Site D was inspired by fluctuation and connection. This was shown through the meandering nature of the wetland shape and its variable vegetative edge. To connect Site D, multiple bridges guide residents over the water and enhance circulation. The native meadow to the left of the graphic allows visitors to touch and feel immersed in nature. An education center offers information about the site’s history and functional qualities. The wetland exploration steps give visitors a unique experience.

Being able to reach the water’s edge and observe the changing tide in wet and dry seasons. Pavilions invite community members to come together and host events.

These inspiration images helped us to picture the characteristics that we wanted to showcase in Site D. We wanted to dedicate this space for passive recreation in an ecologically centered environment. To accomplish this, we imagined a meandering wetland system across the center of the park. This wetland system would have trails that followed its stream, lots of benches for relaxation, and some sort of accessible feature allowing visitor to engage with the water. The interaction of Site D and the surrounding neighborhood was a very important aspect of our plan.

To create connection we designed an expanding and contracting bridge to provide access and opportunity across the wetland park.

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SITE D Section 1 is cut through the wetland exploration steps. In the first section, I gained a better understanding of the wetland steps relationship to the proposed water level. I was also able to experiment and solve how it’s peak should transition gently to meet existing grade. Cypress trees along with emergent natives would coexist at and near the waters edge to provide critical wildlife habitat and shade for visitors.

Section 2 is cut through the expanding bridge and native meadow walk. This section showcases how I imagined visitors might interact with the site. The native meadow walk would be a peaceful stroll through tall grass with views of the adjacent wetland.

Adventurous visitors could even walk across the weirs to either side of Site D. The water depth of the wetland changes from 1.5 ft in the emergent meadow to 3 ft in the primary stream. This section also shows the vegetation screen we imagined would give privacy for the neighborhood and clearly identify boundaries of the park.

This perspective shows a view across the central connecting bridge.

An important aspect of this park is it’s integration with the nearby community. Site D’s bridges offer accessibility and the opportunity to get close with the wetland. Benches and the expanding and contracting nature of the bridge allow visitors the comfort and freedom to treat the space as more than just a transitional zone.

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ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS AND STORMWATER CALCULATIONS

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THANK YOU

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LONGLEAF CANAL PARK 2020 Port St. Joe Park Planning and Design Proposal

PHAB Design Studio LAA 3350C : Site Planning and Design (Instructor: Yi Luo) Team Members: Kyle Peterson, Baptiste Humeau, Maceo Abreu, Eliza Breder

Table of Content 1. Site Inventory............................................................4 1. Design Concept.........................................................45 2. Goals and Objective..................................................47 3. Site Analysis & Synthesis...........................................50 4. Case Studies..............................................................51 5. Master Plan Concept Diagram..................................57 6. Master Plan Concept Diagram..................................57 7. Master Plan...............................................................58 8. Analysis Diagrams.....................................................59 9. Site A: Washington Commnity Complex...................64 10. Site B: Timber Plaza..................................................72 11. Site C: Creekside Promenade...................................80 12. Site D: Riverside Hills................................................87 2

Site Location

FLORIDA FLORIDA

PORT ST. ST. JOE PORT JOE

PROJECT SITE SITE

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FFEMA Flood Zones Description: Part of the site is located in zone AE, which means....

Design Considerations: 1.

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Wetlands Description: Part B & C of site contain wetlands. Mostly B contains wetlands. The wetlands are palustrine wetlands.

Design Considerations: 1. Palustrine wetlands include all nontidal wetlands dominated by trees, shrubs, persistent emergent plants, or emergent mosses or lichens, as well as small, shallow open water ponds or potholes. Palustrine wetlands are often called swamps, marshes, potholes, bogs, or fens.

2. Maintain existing ecology at wetland 3. Understand key/endangered species on wetland site 4. Consider local water quality 5. Use existing wetlands for stormwater treatment development

SOURCE: NFWF, National Wetlands Inventory. 2020.

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DESIGN CONCEPT Longleaf Pine Tree Resiliency

Longleaf pine trees are fire dependent and resilient. This resiliency inspired our design concept. the longleaf establishes a long tap root below ground and spends three to fifteen years in a grass stage, with long needles that protect the terminal bud from fire.

The Longleaf Pines inspired our design in form and in concept. From the ecosystems they support to their role in the industrial history of Port St. Joe to their tree rings, all facets of the Longleaf Pine have been incorporated into our site’s design.

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DESIGN CONCEPT From Pine to Rail

Port St. Joe has been marked by it’s industrial history. In the 1950s the industry of port, rail, and timber peaked, where the St. Joe mill closed in 1999 leaving an important historical and industrial impression on Port St. Joe.

The Longleaf Pine represents two sides of Port St. Joe, one being the ecological side, the pine tree forests and prairies with fire adaptation and pine forest dependent species; the other being the industrial side with timber, rail, and the port. The design aims to honor both of these natural and industrial histories.

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GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

A cradle to cradle approach to community development and natural resources that includes low impact development and native plants.

An ecologically sound approach to stormwater management for greater community appreciation and public health.

An accessible park experience that presents a cohesive, safe, and inclusive community model.

A direct and indirect exposure to natural and industrial history as well as present local ecological treasures.

A unified Port St. Joe through supportive, neighborly aware relationships fostered by gather spaces. A shining light at the forefront of disaster recovery.

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NARRATIVE Social and Ecological Resilience

Port St. Joe has an enduring history of resilience. Residents have weathered numerous natural disasters, devastating diseases and economic downfalls, yet they have always returned. This linear park seeks to exemplify these enduring characteristics of social and ecological resilience that make this city of the Forgotten Coast a hidden gem. By increasing connectivity and accessibility through historically segregated neighborhoods the park strengthens and brings awareness to the community that pulls together during hardships. By designing sustainable stormwater management and treatment solutions, the city will be better prepared to mitigate and recover from natural disasters. Residents will feel pride in their city’s commitment to ecologically sensitive designs that double as recreational, educational, and culturally significant spaces that unify the neighborhoods it connects. Visitors will easily and comfortably be able to connect to the downtown from the park at multiple points.

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EXPERIENCE MAP

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SITE ANALYSIS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS

Opportunities include historical sites, vacant land use, and connectivity. Constraints include flood waters and surge zones. However, constraints can be turned onto opportunities where the site can become a vital part of stormwater infrastructure.

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SOUTH LOS ANGELES WETLAND PARK An Inner-City Wetland Escape Project Location: South Los Angeles, CA Project Size: 9 acres Date of Design: Date of Complete: 2011 Owner/Client: City of Los Angeles Design Team: Psomas, Mia Lehrer + Associates Budget: Over $10,000,000

PROJECT STATEMENT

The South L.A. Wetland Park infrastructure project is located in a historically under-served area of the city. The park is being implemented to protect public health by removing pollution from the City’s watercourses, beaches, and the ocean in order to meet Federal Clean Water Act requirements. Features include remediation of a former brown-field site to create new urban green space, public park, and educational wetland.

PROJECT INTRODUCTION

South Los Angeles Wetland Park represents the transformation of a former bus yard and brownfield at the center of a densely populated community into a functional and attractive California landscape. The park, which is located within the Los Angeles River Watershed, captures and treats urban stormwater runoff through a wetland with riparian and emergent marsh habitat at the center, while addressing environmental justice and social equity by creating a neighborhood-rejuvenating amenity in a historically underserved community. The park was constructed with Proposition O funding, which supports public health and the fulfillment of Federal Clean Water Act requirements. It treats urban runoff from a 525-acre watershed in an innovative way by routing water from the existing traditional piped stormwater management system through a 81,760-sf constructed wetland system. The park serves as a place for the community with a series of trails, boardwalks, observation decks, picnic areas, a natural rock-garden seating area, and educational signage.

GOALS

The intention of South Los Angeles Wetland Park is to transform a former bus yard and brownfield site into a functional, attractive California landscape in a densely populated, historically underserved community. The park which is located within the Los Angeles River Watershed intends to capture and treat urban stormwater through a wetland treatment area. The treatment wetlands serve to educate the public on local ecology while acting as a center for riparian and marsh habitat. The park also addresses environmental justice and social equity by creating a neighborhood-rejuvenating amenity.

OBJECTIVES

The main design objectives can be categorized into economic, resource security, social, and environmental.

-Economic: Revitalize the area through an attractive and functional park amenity which will attract local business and residential development.

-Resource Security: Use lighting and water efficiently to conserve resources. Optimize water security for community.

-Social: Enhance public space accessibility and safety.

-Environmental: Use native wetland plants to attract local ecology.

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SOUTH LOS ANGELES WETLAND PARK DESIGN STRATEGY

The designers were challenged to create a stormwater quality improvement project which required at least a 4-acre water body as part of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). It also had to function as a park on a flat, inland site that lacked a natural water system.

The design solution was a constructed wetland with an integrated park. By redirecting stormwater from grey infrastructure below to the surface, the design created a visual amenity while simultaneously cleaning water from a 525-acre sewershed in South Los Angeles.

The park met the economic, social, and environmental objectives through the following strategies:

Economic: By incorporating energy efficient lighting and native plant species, park maintenance costs were significantly reduced. The efficiently engineered urban runoff provides water security for the surrounding community and encourages local business and residential development.

Social: The project enhanced public space and restored site accessibility. The project team developed way-finding signage located near the entrance of the park, and addressed safety and accessibility in and around the park by providing access and egress points, as well as installing security cameras at the site.

Environmental: The project improved infrastructure integration, using water from the storm drain network to sustain the wetland. Solar energy lighting reduced energy consumption by 77%. Native California plant species were introduced, requiring no pesticides or fertilizer. These open water, emergent marsh, riparian and upland plants contribute to wetland habitat and biodiversity restoration.

DESIGN APPROPRIATENESS FOR PORT ST. JOE PARK PROJECT SITE The South LA Wetlands Park contains several features in many parallel contexts that can be translated to the Port St. Joe park, many of these include: • Wetland treatment as a linear area • Promoting ecology through wetland • Collecting urban stormwater for treatment wetland • A variation of wetland water depths to promote biodiversity • Accessibility and safety through LED solar powered lights on trails • Education on wetland through signage of different types of planting zones and how water on site is cleaned.

• Preserve history through preserving structures on site as the Paint Shop Building was preserved.

• Use park to connect and uplift underserved community

LESSONS LEARNED Signage: Who is your audience?

In a high Latino neighborhood all signs are in English.

Disaster Recovery: How will the park cope or help with hurricanes, rising sea levels, or drought?

In LA the park has seen extremely low water levels where the wetland drys up Shade: More than just a wetland?

The South LA wetlands park had a lack of trees outside of the wetland Education: What is needed?

The South LA Wetlands Park is not actively used by schools in the area for educational activities

REFERENCES “South Los Angeles Wetland Park.” American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), www.asce.org/templates/sustainability-profile.aspx?id=24471.

52 “South Los Angeles Wetland Park.” Landscape Performance Series, 21 Jan. 2020, www.landscapeperformance.org/case-study-briefs/south-la-wetland-park.

VILLAGE OF YORKVILLE PARK Canadian Landscapes in a Large City Project Location: Toronto, Canada Project Size: 1 acres Date of Design: 1991 Date of Complete: 1994 Owner/Client: City of Toronto Design Team: Martha Schwartz, FASLA, Ken Smith, ASLA, David Meyer, ASLA, Landscape Architects, Inc. and PWP Landscape Architecture Budget: Over $3.5 million.

PROJECT INTRODUCTION The Village of Yorkville park is divided into 11 different sections, drawn on the property lines of former Victorian town houses, that each represent an iconic landscape from the ontario region. The park features landsmarks such as a 650 tonne rock, carved from the Canadian shield, and a waterfeature that freezes into icycles in the wintertime.

PROJECT STATEMENT The Village of Yorkville park is a display of native Canadian landscapes that mimics the victorian style of an adjacent neighborhood. The project, a former parking lot, reflects on the history of the site and that of Toronto, with the intent of intensifying the neighborhood’s pride.

GOALS • To celebrate Canadian Landscapes and the site’s history.

• To further connect two different neighborhoods, physically and culturally.

• To provide open space for people to meet and connect.

OBJECTIVES • To abstract aspect of different Canadian ecosystems into different sections.

• To create open pedestrian pathways through spaces that reflect the site’s history as a Victorian-Style village.

• To create open, recognizable plaza spaces that encourage social gatherings.

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VILLAGE OF YORKVILLE PARK Canadian Landscapes in a Large City DESIGN STRATEGY The design’s form relies heavily on the property lines of the Victoriann townhomes that once existed on the site. These lines define different zones, each with a different ecosystem to display and different programatic use (recreation, relaxation, gathering, walking, etc). Tehe lines also form passageways that help maintain fluid pedestrian traffic through the site.

DESIGN APPROPRIATENESS FOR PORT ST. JOE PARK PROJECT SITE The Yorkville Village park’s budget is situated in a much more affluent neighborhood than the proposed Port Saint Joe linear park. This means that, due to a much lower budget (relative to the size of the park), Port Saint Joe coult not include such extravagant features as Yorkville Park’s water feature or bedrock piece. This park is also much smaller, which affects the scale of programmatic elements. The Village of yorkville park is situated in a very urban context, near a popular neighborhood and many office spaces and stores, while the Port Saint Joe park is situated mostly between two more quiet residential neighborhoods. Both parks are linear, should pay close attention to community pride, and feature a relatively wide range of programs.

LESSONS LEARNED Places which are meant to connect formerly separated communities should find a common identity for both parties to celebrate together. In the context of landscape architecture, pride is achieved by celebrating cultures through materials and environments that reflect iconic cultural elements. In Port Saint Joe, this could rierarchy that emphasises diversity and has the potential to foster a vast variety of program elements. Different landmarks can help focus on the project’s sense of place, and can make a site more engaging to the public.

REFERENCES “Village of Yorkville Park.” Village of Yorkville Park | The Cultural Land scape Foundation, tclf.org/landscapes/village-yorkville-park.

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“Village of Yorkville Park Toronto.” ASLA 2012 Professional Awards | Vil lage of Yorkville Park, www.asla.org/2012awards/034.html.

CASE STUDY 3 Title this is where you should put your paragraph... Yi wants it in calibri..

Lets go with two pages per case study.. or something..

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LONGLEAF CANAL PARK MASTER CONCEPT

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LONGLEAF CANAL PARK MASTER PLAN

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ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS: STORMWATER TREATMENT

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ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS:CIRCULATION

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ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS: SOCIAL GATHERING SPACES

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ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS: HISTORY AND CULTURE

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LONGLEAF CANAL PARK MASTER PLAN

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SITE A: WASHINGTON COMMUNITY COMPLEX CONCEPT The Heart of a Longleaf Pine

The concept and form of site A was inspired by the idea of a heart of a longleaf pine, from the center of the pine, the tree grows outward and upward. As the gym, and historical high school of Port St. Joe is the center for culture and history in the area, I chose it as the heart center for the site design.

The pathways, plazas, and boardwalks, circle out from the center building in a form similar to tree rings. The path ways and program elements all frame the gym and it’s boarding historical plaza as the center of the site.

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NATURE + EDUCATION

COMMUNITY

SPORTS HISTORY

SITE A: WASHINGTON COMMUNITY COMPLEX SITE

The existing site amenities that were kept include the baseball field, the basketball court and structure, the track, and all buildings on site. The only building that was moved is the classroom. It was transported to the northern field along with an ourdoor classroom to create an area of education and nature.

The western parking lot was expanded to allow more parking for sports goes and event attendees. The Tennis court was removed to put a mural plaza in place.

This plaza is a space for community events including BBQs.

The ecology and stormwater on site was expanded by adding wetland features and swales. The interactive water feature further expands on the nature on the site.

Education can be found on all parts of the site, from the community garden, to the outdoor classroom, to the swales, and to the history plaza.

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SITE A: WASHINGTON COMMUNITY COMPLEX SITE DESIGN

COMMUNITY GARDEN NATURAL PLAYGROUND

MURAL WALLS

WETLAND

NATURAL PLAYGROUND WATER FEATURE

COURTYARD

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SITE A: WASHINGTON COMMUNITY COMPLEX SITE

This perspective is a view from the northern parking lot looking out over the swale and water feature towards the baseball field at the south western end of the park.

The wetland swale feature and history plaza dominate the view of this perspective.

Just beyond these features sits the historical high school building.

The boardwalk path in front view meanders leading to the George Washington History Museum and the Career Source Center.

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Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community

SITE B: EXISTING CONDITIONS

SITE B: CONCEPT DIAGRAMS & SITE SCHEMATIC

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SITE B: SITE PLAN

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SITE B: TIMBER PLAZA PERSPECTIVE

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SITE B: SECTION 1 CITY HALL PROMENADE

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SITE B: SECTION 2 WETLAND WALK

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SITE C: CREEKSIDE PROMENADE CONCEPT DRAWINGS

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SITE C: CREEKSIDE PROMENADE SITE DESIGN

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SITE C: CREEKSIDE PROMENADE SECTION 1

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SITE C

: CREEKSIDE PROMENADE SECTION 1

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SITE C: CREEKSIDE PROMENADE SECTION 2

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SITE C: CREEKSIDE PROMENADE SECTION 2

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SITE C: CREEKSIDE PROMENADE PERSPECTIVE

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SITE D: RIVERSIDE HILLS AERIAL AND REFERENCE IMAGES

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SITE D: RIVERSIDE HILLS CONCEPT DRAWINGS

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SITE D: RIVERSIDE HILLS SITE SCHEMATIC

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SITE D: RIVERSIDE HILLS SITE DESIGN

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SITE D: RIVERSIDE HILLS MEADOW GROVE PERSEPCTIVE

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SITE D: RIVERSIDE HILLS SECTION A

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SITE D: RIVERSIDE HILLS SECTION B

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2020 Port St. Joe Park Planning and Design Proposal

Story Park

LAA 3350C : Site Planning and Design (Instructor: Yi Luo) Blake Linquist Jarred Randall Nora Abbott Yanni Xu

LinDallOttXu Design

Table of Content

Site Location

I. Site Location .............................................................. pg. 3 II. Site Inventory & Analysis ........................................... pg. 4-20 III. Goals and Objectives..................................................pg. 21

FLORIDA FLORIDA

PORT ST. PORT ST. JOE JOE

PROJECT SITE SITE

IV. Programming .............................................................pg. 22-25 V. Case Study .................................................................pg. 28-39 VI. Conceptual Planning and Design ..............................pg. 40-41 VII. Master Planning .......................................................pg. 42-43 VIII. Site Design ...............................................................pg. 44-57 IX . Post - Design Analysis ...............................................pg. 58-61

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SITE INVENTORY - Climate

SITE INVENTORY - Climate

Wet Season: June - September

Average High and Low The hottest average temperatures occur between May and September

Hourly Temperature

Cloud Cover

The most cloud cover is between June and September, the hottest months.

The months with the most comfortable hourly temperatures are MarchMay, and Oct-Nov

Rainwater Diagram • PSJ has a later wet season than the Florida Average

• PSJ has less a less extreme rainfall difference between wet and dry month.

• Total yearly rainfall of about 50 inches

Wind Diagram Yu Media Group. “Port Saint Joe, FL - Detailed Climate Information and Monthly Weather Forecast.” Weather Atlas, www.weather-us.com/en/florida-usa/port-saint-joe-climate.

“Products & Services.” Florida Climate Center, climatecenter.fsu.edu/products-services/data/statewide-averages/precipitation.

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The site’s available cover and public shelter from the sun is mild; so proposing new, and reinvigorating existing public pedestrian shaded areas would be beneficial to the help aid citizens in the hotter months. Using a wind-break on the west, and northwest part of the site may help in applicable areas.

Florida Average High Temperatures

Florida Average Low Temperatures

© 2020 WorldClimate.com

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SITE INVENTORY - Soils

SITE INVENTORY - Vegetation

Soil

Vegetation Sandy Sandy Loam Sandy with Organics Organic soils

Split between sandy organics (previous industrial site) and entirely organics

Split between sandy and sandy loam soils 6

Mostly organic soils with some sandy soils at baseball fields

Mostly organic soils little sandy and sandy loam soils (sandy at baseball field edge)

After review of the data it is apparent that there are no limitations on the opportunities provided by the soils on site. Although there is not a need for a farmette on the site, the majority of the soil on the site could be utilized if prepared properly.

Native Plant Communities & Hardiness Zones (from FANN)

Pine Flatwoods Zone 8 (from FANN): • Under natural conditions, fires occur at 5-10 year intervals, preventing hardwood succession.

• Plants tolerate a wide range of moisture and soil fertility levels and are generally not tolerant of salt, shade or alkaline soils.

• Dry prairie is very similar to flatwoods but lacks the pine overstory.

• Wet prairies occasionally intermingle with pine flatwoods, forming a wetland mosaic. https://www.floridanativenurseries.org/plant-communities/detail/pine-flatwoods-zone-8 Canopy Trees: • Pines (Pinus spp) • Swamp Bay (Persea palustris) • Red Maple (Acer rubrum) • Oaks (Quercus spp) • Loblolly Bay (Gordonia lasianthus) • Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) • White Cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) • Sweet Bay Magnolia (Magnolia virginiana)

Young Pines along railway

Large canopy trees & open understory

There are pine trees and palm trees, mainly on the whole site. Site A, canopy areas located mostly surrounding and shade conditions are accessible in spring, but the situation in summer should be concerned. Site B is an impressive area because of shade-tolerant plants, for instance, an area full of fern with an abandoned giant desk structure and scrapped outdoor barbeque set. Their combination looks like an art installation. Also, near this view, I am not sure it is a human made or a natural process; there is plenty of vegetation that grows in an abandoned boat. Some tress shows on Site C memories of local people. A giant tree group will catch your eye; a bench is set there. I think that is a place people would like to gather there have a rest or talk with their friends. An “art installation” on this site is one tree that goes vertically across a damaged tree. I think this is the consequence of a hurricane.

Even though these trees were cut off and for some reason, they merged, hardly damaged, there are some plants still grow up surrounding them. It is like a rebirth after destruction. One memorial tree is found in this area. Site D is quite an open space. Wildflower view is awe-inspiring.

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SITE INVENTORY - Wild life

SITE INVENTORY - Demographics

Source: https://glo.texas.gov/ost/responsemaps/florida/esifl/Panhandle_ESI_027.pdf

Other known North Florida wildlife our site may have included or may be designed to accommodate; Florida panther, key deer, wood stork, little blue heron, red-cockaded woodpecker, gray bat, big cypress fox squirrel, Florida bog frog, Eastern indigo snake, and Florida pine snake.

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When we visited the site there was little to no wildlife to be seen in the area. This is an opportunity for revitalization of native habitats in our project area. By energizing the swale and leaving as many existing trees as possible we can provide welcoming oasis’ for the local wildlife such as wood stork, little blue heron, red-cockaded woodpecker, gray bat, big cypress fox squirrel, Florida bog frog, Eastern indigo snake, and Florida pine snake.​In turn if these species are able to come back to the site and make a home there that will lend itself to other educational and recreational programs for the future park space, such as bird watching and other nature sighting activities. While these programs should be considered, it is also equally important that we design a way for these programs to be experienced without major interference to the lives of the wildlife themselves. These are passive activities and the most they should impose on the habitats should be simple signage.

we need to figure out 1. making the area more attractive, 2. considering wheelchair circulation 3. Avoiding potential dangerous area (unnoticed wet gap), and space (dense and misconnected space)

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SITE INVENTORY - Culture

SITE INVENTORY - History

"Small town with a slow pace and big heart" Signature Events:​ Tupelo Honey Festival​ Forgotten Coast Plein Air​ Forgotten Coast Sea Turtle Festival​ Blast on the Bay Songwriters' Festival​ Salt Air Farmer’s Market​

This project provides the opportunity to rewrite history in a more positive light moving forward, creating a stronger community bond and connectivity. The railway system was located in such a way that it segregated the historically black North PSJ neighborhood with rest of PSJ. This project allows the opportunity to change that narration and use the railways as they are intended to be used, as a means of connection. Breaking down both physical and mental barriers, further strengthening sense of community and bond.

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Proud Of:​ Sea Turtles​ Tupelo Honey​ Raw Seafood​ Slower pace, peaceful scene​ Remote feel​ White sandy beaches​ Cape San Blas Lighthouse​

Port St. Joe, considered the “Forgotten Coast” a “Small town with slow pace and big heart”, has a very rich history and town culture. From the town history with industry (paper mill, Railway, Sylva culture) to the towns love for seafood and community. There is great opportunity to incorporate the town history and culture with the parks system. Creating a park system that tells the “Tale of PSJ” incorporating themed playgrounds and spaces for community events that reflect the history of industry, natural systems, art, & culture that have given this small town such a big heart.

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SITE INVENTORY - Community needs

SITE INVENTORY - Architectural Style FRAME VERNACULAR+ MASONRY VERNACULAR • Wood framed construction, generally with wood clapboard finish • Constructed throughout the 20th century • Includes a range of styles • Most often 1-story in height, but occasionally 2-stories • Gable or hipped roof forms • Narrow or overhanging eaves • Single or grouped double-hung windows

Community Needs: A Unified Vision For Community Connection & Resilience.

UNIFY Connection between North Port St. Joe and Port St. Joe:

CONNECT Better circulation to help connect the community:

• Physically – through bike • Pedestrian Circulation – paths, walking paths, and increase walkability park system. through out all of PSJ • In Community – breaking neighborhoods down barriers and • Bicycle Circulation – connecting the create bike trails that community as a whole, connect all enhancing sense of place. neighborhoods, parks, • Community Center – build downtown, and the a communal space that cape unites the community.

• Reestablish – sense of neighborhood.

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ACTIVATE Reinvigorate public spaces to enhance community identity: • Landmarks – activate downtown, open spaces, and main street.

• Enhance Parks – create a more connected park system that is up to date with playground code.

• Food Resources – create more opportunity; farmers markets, CSA, Ect. • Heritage Designation – Develop eco-tourism opportunities.

RESILIENT Fortifying a resilient community • Storm Water Infrastructure – Design solutions for storm water management and sea level mitigation.

• Rebuild & Protect – Vulnerable areas • Restore – Natural communities • Affordable Housing – create opportunities for housing for all.

The community needs collected through FIBER analysis and community workshops can be summed up in four categories: Unify community Identity, Connect Community, Activate Public Spaces, and to Create Resilient Landscapes. To Unify Community Identity, we will be incorporating the “spirit & Heart” of PSJ into the parks system, telling the Tale of PSJ, creating common spaces that bolster and promote community history, pride, and Identity. For Connection, it can be broken up into two subcategories: Physical and psychological.

Physical connection: creating a trail system that connects all neighborhoods (with emphasis on connecting NSPJ with all of PSJ) and landmark spaces in town (downtown, lighthouse, new City Hall). Psychological Connection: Creating multiple connections with views to North PSJ, breaking down barriers and creating a Connected Community that shares a unified Identity. For Activating public Spaces: create a destination park system that not only acts a community connecting factor, but also provides spaces for community based events and activities such as Farmers market, outdoor classes & skill shares, art shows that will further strengthen community bond and identity. For Creating Resilient Landscapes: we intend to energize and fortify storm water infrastructure on the site, enhancing existing bioswales and using permeable paving, green roofs, and community rain gardens through the sites.

The mainly architectural style surrounding the site is frame vernacular or masonry vernacular, which is narrow with overhanging eaves. In this situation, Site A is more eye-catching because of African-American cultural background. Crossing pattern, they use a lot to decorate the building and outdoor furniture. Besides, the same thing found in different communities surrounding the site, and local people seem to paint unique facade colors like magenta and lake blue.

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SITE INVENTORY - Existing Archaeological Sites

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St. Joseph Point Lighthouse We will use the Existing archaeological sites as inspiration to tell the story of Port St. Joe, from capturing the shape and geometries of Cape San Blas, to telling the story about the relationships found between PSJ and the papermill, the rail road and the ocean.

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SITE INVENTORY - View Study (Site B)

SITE INVENTORY - View Study (Site C)

View Study

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There are several views seen over the expanse of the swales in sections C and D, as well as views from section D into the existing park that exists to the east. There is also a view within section B that extends directly to the lighthouse in George Core Park. During the design process it will be important to emphasize and enhance these existing vistas, while creating spaces that incorporate new views for the public to enjoy. Each section of the project should incorporate some sort of view into the next section to reinforce the storied history concept, as well as the forged connectiveness of the site overall. Newly created views should also work alongside the current road connections to bring the city into the fold of the project as well.

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SITE INVENTORY - Noise

SITE INVENTORY - View Study (Site D) 2

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Overall the site is currently quiet, due to a combination of location and underutilization. There may be a spike in noise at the sports fields in section C but at the time of our site visit the area was almost entirely vacant. Moving forward we should strive the keep the quiet nature of the area as much as is reasonable since the site it surrounded by residential units. There are a few opportunities for large, perhaps louder areas in section A and Section B that would not interfere with the surrounding homes. If the railroad were to start being used again that would contribute a large amount of disruptive noise, therefore areas closest to the rail line should employ more buffering vegetation to mitigate that concern.

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FFEMA Flood Zones

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Description:

Estabilish Connection between the North & South neighborhoods.

Part of the site is located in zone AE, which means there is an overall increased flood risk to the area, especially due to the tidal shifts found in Port St. Joe. Design Considerations: 1. Due to Site A lying in Zone X with an overall low chance of flooding it would be possible to include an infiltrative water management feature without increasing overall flood risk.

2. As Site C and Site D are located within the highest flood chance area it will be important to fortify the shorelines of the existing swales.

3. By increasing stormwater retention capability we can mitigate flooding concerns with the inclusion of a dam

Enhance Social Bond & create a strong sense of Community.

Celebrate Community: A park system that celebrates the culture of PSJ and provides space for and encourages different scales of group gatherings.

Promote Outdoor activities & Healthy lifestyles.

Open Community Space: creating space for free community classes and health education.

Provide High Aesthetic Landscapes.

Active Trail: Connecting the neighborhoods through the park system.

Unique Experiences: Offering unique programming for each park in both neighborhoods, making all parks destinations.

Opening View: opening up the buffer between the neighborhoods and creating a visual connection.

Capture & Treat stormwater runoff.

Artful Rainwater Design Educate: through signage, how stormwater infrastructure can bolster community resilience Capture Opportunities: utilize green stormwater infrastructure

Reflect local History, Culture, & Spirit.

The Tale of PSJ: capture the story of PSJ, treating each individual park as a chapter in the Book .

Restore & Revitalize: capture and restore the natural beauty of Port St.

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PROGRAMMING - Site A (Ocean Chapter)

Project Detail

Pavement Detail 22

Open space for gathering

Splash Pad

PROGRAMMING - Site B (Railroad Chapter)

Green roof shade

Ocean Playground

Pavement Detail

Wetland

Boardwalk

Farmer’s Market

George Core Lighthouse

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PROGRAMMING - Site C (Paper Mill Chapter)

PROGRAMMING - Site D (Hurricane Chapter)

Rain Garden

Wetland

Boardwalk

Bioswale

Wetland Buffer

Nature Trail

Market

Playground

Public Space

Market

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Helix Fountain

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EXPERIENCE MAP

This experience map was created at the beginning of the design process, outlining what we aspired to have the future users of the site see and feel as they visited Story Park.

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OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS MAP

After the group site visit, LinDallOttXu created this map to illustrate the existing opportunities for enhancement and remediation, as well as site constraints to inform the feasibility of the design.

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PILAKLAKAHA (PK) AVENUE Project Details Location: Auburndale, Florida Owner/Client: The City of Auburndale Florida Design Team: S&ME Engineers, Chastain Skillman

Project Brief

PK Avenue in Auburndale, FL is a five-block streetscape project that incorporates artful, sustainable, storm-water design; as well as innovative streetscape strategies to incorporate the community, and surrounding context into the space. PK Avenue also helped to better connect the residental, and historic sections of town.

Project Strategy Designers transformed a four lane roud with drainage, and pedestrian travel problems into a two lane road with adjacently planted bio-swales, and connective pedestrian & bike trails where there was no connectivity before. The bio-swales are responsible for 61% nutrient reduction that would regularly enter the local watershed.

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PILAKLAKAHA (PK) AVENUE “The City of Auburndale transformed a standard four-lane roadway with no stormwater treatment into a community gem that will improve water quality.” - Janie Hagberg (chief city Engineer)

Opportunities: • Offers reinvigorated pedestrian connection systems • All native landscape plantings • Develops existing circulation and offers bike transportation • Opening up the space and creating safety buffer from residential street edge and traffic zone • Floodwater retention, and treatment • Incorporating Park and recreation zones with the surrounding community • Improves aesthetics, and creates sense of place

Takeaways: Use PK Ave. as an example of how to connect historic, communal, recreational, and pedestrian spaces together; as well as incorporating stormwater retention & flood plane protection.

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Before

Rendering

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PILAKLAKAHA (PK) AVENUE Concept Development S&ME Engineers, & Chastain-Skillman arrived at their conceptual design through an analysis of the site and understanding of: • Site constraints • Shape • Funcionality • Community needs • Aesthetic improvement • Floodwater resilience • History The constraints of the project really were the determing force for the overall character of the the design. There is no interjection of an allegorical motif in the design. The overall shape, functional requirements, and needs of the community dictated the concept.

We see a “Problem-Solution” approach to the overall design decisions there. Planting design, and material choice were informed by the Florida native pallet and the design team’s intuition.

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“How does PK Avenue Relate to Port Saint Joe?” PK Avenue is a great example to observe when considering the Pedestrian connectivity, as well as, flood & Stormwater retention practices. Due to both site’s limitations and linear nature, they are similar to each other in size, shape, and their design challenges.

Design Challenges (PSJ): • Connect the community • Reinvigorate wasted space • Handle flood and Stormwater problems • Increase accessibility • Incorporate and connect to existing parks and parcels.

Design Challenges (PK Ave.): • Connect the community • Reinvigorate wasted space • Handle flood and Stormwater problems • Increase accessibility • Incorporate and connect to existing parks and parcels.

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MILL RIVER PARK AND GREENWAY Project Details Location: Stamford, Connecticut Project Size: 31 acres Date of Design: 2007-2012 Date of Completion: 2013 Owner/Client: Mill River Park Collaborative Design Team: Olin

Project Statement

The plan aimed to achieve three primary goals: create a park that meets the recreational and civic needs of a diverse population, provide a natural habitat for native flora and fauna to flourish, and offer a Project Narrative vision that is economically viable, maintainable, and The mission of the Mill River Park and Greenway was to mitigate flood risks for the nearby downtown implementable in phases over time.

Stamford by opening up the river itself with the removal of two concrete dams, allowing for the creation of a channelized edge with hundreds of new native plantings to buffer and stabilize the space. By revitalizing the aquatic and terrestrial habitats of the area the design team was able to bring new life to an otherwise unused and unappreciated urban space.

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Before

“Formerly a polluted, derelict riverfront, Mill River Park and Greenway is now a verdant, animated civic space that mends the ecological and social fabric of downtown Stamford, Connecticut. “

- ASLA 2015 Professional Awards

After

The design for the park and large greenway was inspired by the natural water system that lay on the site. Olin wanted to accentuate the natural pathways and create a connection between pedestrians and the environment. Other influences can be found in the history of the site, such as the cherry tree grove which was a gift to Stamford by Junzo Nojima in

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Superkilen was created in the context of a greater urban development project for Copenhagen’s district of Nørrebro which is an ethnically and socially mixed neighbourhood. Frictions and tensions occur due to the differing notions of co-existence, diverse norms of social behaviour, and varied traditions of the residents. The urban development plans neededtotakethesefactorsintoaccount.

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ACTIVITY ZONE (THE RED SQUARE)

Client: Copenhagen Municipality Location: Nørrebro, Copenhagen Function: Public space Site area: 322917 sq.ft Completion: Spring 2012 Authorship: BIG, Topotek1, Superflex Budget: Ca. 11 MIO USD 37

The three areas form the backdrop to the surrealist collection of global urban diversity of more than 100 objects from 60 cultures which reflect the true nature of the local neighborhood. The objects were selected through an intensive curatorial process in close collaboration with the local population.

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The collection of foreign objects and icons refers to the many cultural identities in Nørrebro. Their arrangement openly displays the immigrants’ conflicting backgrounds while at the same time celebrating their diversity.

The realised project has become an expression of a heterogeneous society. It is a public space with a strong identity drawing on a sense of otherness and hybridity in the middle of the Danish capital.

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CONCEPT

The City of Port St. Joe is located along the Florida panhandle’s “Forgotten Coast”. This project endeavors to celebrate and visualize the rich history, culture, and landscapes that make up Port St. Joe. Our design for the site will tell the story of the city regarding its nautical connections, the impact of the railroad and paper mill on the community, and the resiliency of the residents following hurricane events. The main concept is to bring together a fragmented community, and create stronger bonds between the North and South sections of Port St. Joe. The project will create high scale areas for active recreation; as well as, low scale areas for passive rest. Moving through the site the people will be able to explore senses of calm, excitement, wonder, and peace within each section of the park, weaving a dynamic and ever changing user experience.Through cohesive design elements the site will be unified as one project, while simultaneously dedicating each section to a singular theme representing a chapter in the history of Port St. Joe.

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MASTER PLAN

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SITE DESIGN - Site A (Ocean Chapter) a Community Gathering space that reflects PSJ’s connection with the ocean and celebrates the culture of NPSJ. providing artful stormwater management and both active and social activities.

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To create a better connection between parks and the North and South Community, the Streetscapes between site A and Site B have been Revitalized. Adding shared lane traffic and waved pathways that mimic the expanding and contracting of tidal movements, bringing moving people between the parks and connecting the community,

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This Sunken rain garden design creates a dynamic entrance and community meeting space for Peter’s park.

A ”Tidal” earth mound bleacher was created to add a multiuse seating structure t the site that can host numerous program activities.

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SITE DESIGN - Site B (Railroad Chapter) The final design concept of the railroad chapter of Story Park was heavily inspired by community needs, and inclusion of historical educational zones such as the Rail & Local History Museum & the Lighthouse view. Overall Circulation and capturing the shape of Cape San Blas through our circulation plan was also a pervasive theme throughout the entire project.

We thought it was important to reveal the feeling, and forest immersion experienced through the constructed wetland.

The marketplace ended up as a major part of the design of the Railroad Chapter.

From the expansive Rail-tie bike & pedestrian trail, to the history and spirit experienced in the Marketplace, this truly is a unique space.

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SITE DESIGN - Site C (Paper Mill Chapter)

Lighthouse View & Landing: From this proposed site a spectacular view could be created across the city of Port Saint Joe to the Cape San Blas Lighthouse. The Lighthouse is a special symbol for the people of the community, and the Lighthouse park, George Core Park, is a favorite among the people of the Port Saint Joe. This creates a visible connection between the two and might increase traffic to this linear park. Included on the edge of the area is a concrete half wall, that would include educational signage about the Cape San Blas Lighthouse, the surrounding area, and the linear park system.

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The circle form of a paper mill inspired me to do design. I transfer the cylinder paper roll to a relatively flat floating plant platform on the river. It is a metaphor that the paper mill rebirth sustainably and ecologically. Also, based on this idea, circle form is the main profile of the site. Besides, from the consideration of sea-level rise, attempt to increase the canal capacity. In this case, the straight canal becomes a more dynamic form for increasing water maintenance time. Moreover, to divide the site into leisure space, activity space, and meeting space, providing outdoor activities and healthy lifestyles . Paper Mill: rebirth paper mill in a green way

This section shows different activities people can enjoy in this area.

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Public open space (left + small) shows the market and a big lawn area where people could gather together or have some small events.

Playground (right) contains a children playground and a basketball ground Last one is a overall view of the site

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SITE DESIGN - Site D (Hurricane Chapter) Celebrating community resilience and conncetedness is at the core of the design for the Hurricane Chapter of Story Park. The goal was to create an experiential inverse hurricane by focusing the largest amount of activity in the center or “eye� of the site. As you move outward from the eye the user will experience more passive areas of recreation such as walking trails and overlook pavilions.

The main features of the active space include the paved area that could be a host to the travelling market or other such gathering events, as well as a grassed lawn space and helix fountain which includes a splash pad for children enjoyment. Another focus for this design was to remember considerations for existing neighbors of the site to the east and west, allowing them to have easy access to the park via a trail system as well as heavy vegative buffers to reduce noise and crete privacy for those properties.

The inclusion of a parking lot in the northwest portion of the site was in response to a hope that a large variety of users would visit the site and therefore would be travelling by several methodd to reach the site.

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The section to the right explores the proposed helix fountain found in the central active space in the site.

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The section below showcases the newly expanded and energized swale, as well as potential views of the pavilion spaces and one of the two bridges on site.

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POST - DESIGN ANALYSIS History, Culture, and Spirit

Circulation

This diagram illustrates the abundance of connections and route opportunities within story park, both between each section as well as extending to the surrounding community.

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Stormwater Management

Social Spaces and Site Amenities

This diagram illustrates the social opportunities throughout the project, as well as the proximity of those opportunities to site amenities.�

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Thank You

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LinDallOttXu Design

Uniola Greenline 2020 Port St. Joe Park Planning and Design Proposal

HEX Design Group LAA 3350C : Site Planning and Design (Instructor: Yi Luo) Team Members: David Ervin, Yu-Ya Huang, Hongpei Xiang

Table of Contents Site Inventory ..................................................................... pg. 3 Goals & Objectives ............................................................. pg. 14

Site Location

FLORIDA FLORIDA

PORT ST. JOE PORT ST. JOE

SITE PROJECT SITE

Experience Map...................................................................pg. 16 Site Analysis ....................................................................... pg. 17 Case Study ......................................................................... pg. 18 Concept Statement..............................................................pg. 24 Conceptual Planning ......................................................... pg. 25 Master Plan ........................................................................ pg. 27 Site Design ......................................................................... pg. 28 Synthesis ............................................................................ pg. 43 Post - Design Analysis ........................................................ pg. 44 Resources. ..........................................................................pg. 46 2

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FEMA Flood Zones

Wetlands Description:

Description:

Part of the site is located in zone AE, which means an area inundated by 1% annual chance (100-year) flooding, for which BFEs (base flood elevation) have been determined.

Site B is located in fresh water wetlands.

There are many wetlands surrounding the outskirts of Port St. Joe.

Design Considerations:

1. Protect the existing ecology in site B.

1. Minimize permanent buildings in low lying C & D zones.

2. Use existing wetlands to aid in stormwater treatment.

2. A&B are on higher ground and better for site structures.

3. Most of site B is not suitable for structures.

Design Considerations:

3. Make design resilient to storm surge.

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Existing Roadway Level of Service Description:

Description:

Sites C&D are in category 2-3, while site A and part of B are in zone 4-5.

A large road cuts through site B and another separates sites B&C. There are also a handful of smaller roads running along and through other sites.

Design Considerations: 1. Site A is on higher ground a less susceptible to storm surge. Shelter can be placed there.

2. Site C&D are more susceptible to storm surge. A category 2-3 storm surge can reach 6-12 feet.

Design Considerations: 1. Prominent and safe pedestrian crossings needed to connect spaces.

2. Other smaller road crossings needed throughout site, but these spaces are less dangerous for pedestrians.

3. Pedestrian and bike trails need to be added to incorporate the park with the city.

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Existing Conservation Areas and Features

Contours & Slope Analysis Description: Sites A,C & D are surrounded by residential developments. Current lack of pedestrian connection between sites B&C. Site surrounding A & B are focused on redevelopment Design Considerations: 1. Need buffers along paths to operate public and privates spaces.

2. Need to connect downtown St. Joe with park system.

3. There will be future development near sites A&B. Design should anticipate an increase in pedestrian and vehicular traffic through this area.

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Description: The site is relatively flat, no major topographic changes. Canal does run through most of the southern portion of the site.

Design Considerations: 1. Most of the site can be ADA accessible.

2. Existing canal divides the spaces in sites C&D. 3. Site D is the best location for water retention.

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Existing Land Use

EXISTING CONSERVATION AREAS AND FEATURES

Climate Description:

Description:

Most of the site is surrounded by residential area. Site B is in a more industrial area.

Design Considerations:

Don’t have to worry about freezing.

All temperatures are fairly moderate with no major fluctuations, but micro climates may be needed for the hottest and coldest times of the year.

Ideal visiting season April-June

1. Connect residential areas to park system.

Design Considerations:

2. Industrial areas less important for integration.

1. Can have activities throughout the year.

3. Shield visitors from industrial area.

2..Green space is need to keep space cool in the hottest months.

4. Incorporate history of the site, such as the railroad, into the design.

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Average High and Low

Cloud Cover

3. Incorporate elements that function best during tourist season.

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Soil

Vegetation Description: Histosols- more organic material (site D mucky and wet) Entisols-Better drainage, good areas for paving and structures, lower plant benefits Inceptisols- moderate drainage and organic material, good for overall design, can function for paving and planting Spodosols-good drainage, paving areas, less focused on plant material

Pine Flatwoods Zone 8 (from FANN): • Under natural conditions, fires occur at 5-10 year intervals, preventing hardwood succession.

• Plants tolerate a wide range of moisture and soil fertility levels and are generally not tolerant of salt, shade or alkaline soils.

• Dry prairie is very similar to flatwoods but lacks the pine overstory.

• Wet prairies occasionally intermingle with pine flatwoods, forming a wetland mosaic.

Canopy Trees: • Pines (Pinus spp) • Swamp Bay (Persea palustris) • Red Maple (Acer rubrum) • Oaks (Quercus spp) • Loblolly Bay (Gordonia lasianthus) • Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) • White Cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) • Sweet Bay Magnolia (Magnolia virginiana)

Description: Large wetland/wooded area in site B, and large canopy trees in site D. Design Considerations: 1. Use existing trees to create microclimates and diverse landscapes 2. Preserve existing wooded areas and large canopy trees.

3. Focus on protecting native plantings in the site and remove invasive species.

Design Considerations: 1. Design a well drained system for site C&D 2. Site D is a good area for more intense planting design 3. Site structure should be placed in site A and other areas with well draining soils.

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Goals & Objectives 1. Treat stormwater runoff

4. Enhance social bond and sense of community

2. Promote outdoor activities and healthy lifestyle

5. Reflect on history, culture and spirit

• Dechannelize existing ditch and create wetland/sheetflow • Naturally filter stormwater runoff (bioswales) • Implement rainwater cisterns on buildings • Make space resilient to storm surge

• Improve biking and walking paths • Create areas for passive and active recreation • Establish better connections between the city, park and residences • Provide access to fresh produce (community garden) • Promote community led classes and gatherings (yoga, painting, kite flying)

3. Establish connections (between North and South parts of the city) • Connect downtown and residential trail systems • Establish a community garden along rail line • Make safe and functional pedestrian and bike crossings • Generate a hierarchy of spaces for individual or group use • Create a green street between sites A&B

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Goals and Objectives • Make a destination that ALL residents wish to go • Create neighborhood gathering areas and event space • Give each site individuality to promote visitation to all areas • Differentiate between public, commercial, and private space

• Create signage featuring St. Joe’s past • Construct historical memorial (Hurricane, Native Americans, Constitution, Port) • Maintain vistas to existing important infrastructure

6. Provide high aesthetic landscapes

• Keep large existing trees and wetland areas • Establish sensory garden/native wildflower meadow • Block unsightly urban views • Create dynamic courtyard spaces throughout site • Enhance microclimates

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Experience Map

Site Analysis

What it Means:

Analysis:

Site A is a place for high activity and education. There will be many program elements and structures in this site.

This map shows the opportunities and constraints of the existing features of the site. Since this park was already established there were many elements that needed to be preserved, replaced and rejuvenated. Highlighting the natural elements of the site was a main goal for the project, thus identifying the established tree canopy was a main factor in the design process. Trail running though sites C&D along with the loop in site A were found to be functional and a good element to preserve in the design.

Site B is a transition zone between North and South Port St. Joe. This area will foster unity and community growth. A community center and garden will bring together both sides of the city. The wetlands in the southern portion will provide a unique natural and forest bathing experience.

Site C will foster individual exploration and group activities. The southern portion of this site will connect the divided neighborhoods and provide gathering areas.

Site D will provide a vast natural area. There will be few program elements to highlight the natural beauty and processes thriving in this space.

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CASE STUDY- Brooklyn Bridge Park

CASE STUDY- Brooklyn Bridge Park Project Description:

Courtyard Design:

Connection to Port St. Joe:

Location: Brooklyn side of the East River in New York City Size: 85-acre Designer: Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates Date: 2003 - 2018 Concept: Build connection with residential area. Rejuvenate postindustrial area.

-Seating, views, pathways, and spaces for large and small events

Courtyards would provide more opportunities for residence to meet and talk. Children and parents often would get together and interact.

Relations and bonds are the base for a good community. This gives us a way to connect the north and the south by providing space for recreation and communicating opportunities.

Connections are not only made by roads. Provides a new opportunity to safely get down to the level of the river.

-Lawns and gardens -Create an urban destination full of history and natural features

Design Considerations: 1.Provides space for a wide variety of activities and programming 2.Spectacular views of the Manhattan skyline 3.Create an urban destination full of history and natural features Focus on pier 1 -The pier was out of operation since 1983 -The Brooklyn-Queens Expressway cut off from the surrounding residential neighborhood -The north end was underutilized landscape surrounded by light industrial and loft complexes

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Stormwater Design: -Site collects stormwater from buildings into underground tanks -Stormwater cycles through rain gardens within site -Overflow water from the site is introduced directly into the East River

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CASE STUDY- Atlanta BeltLine Eastside Trail

CASE STUDY- Atlanta BeltLine Eastside Trail Project Description: Location: Atlanta, GA Size: 2.25 mile corridor Designer: Perkins+Will Completion Date: 2012 Goals: catalyze urban redevelopment, connect neighborhoods and provide urban trails/recreation Concept: As one of the largest, most wide-ranging urban redevelopment programs in the United States, the Atlanta BeltLine is the catalyst for making Atlanta a global beacon for equitable, inclusive, and sustainable city life.

The Atlanta BeltLine is placed on 22 miles of abandoned railway that circumnavigates downtown Atlanta in a once thriving industrial district.

The BeltLine’s 2030 projection hopes to connect 45 neighborhoods.

Design Considerations: 1. The Atlanta BeltLine is placed on 22 miles of abandoned railway that circumnavigates downtown Atlanta in a once thriving industrial district 2. The BeltLine’s 2030 projection hopes to connect 45 neighborhoods

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Public Impression:

Connection to Port St. Joe:

-90% of trail users surveyed said that the trail provides them with an active lifestyle benefit.

-70% said that they exercise more since the opening of the Eastside Trail.

94% said it creates a better sense of community -More accessibility to adjacent parks educational programs, volunteer projects, concerts, races and bike tours are held along the trail to stimulate public involvement

A successful urban trail and park system can act as a major catalyst for urban redevelopment and connecting communities, giving surrounding residents a stronger sense of identity.

Underutilized rail line can be transformed into a safe and functional pedestrian corridor.

Proper park design can also have a positive environmental impact, such as remediation of brownfields and removal of invasive species.

Although St. Joe doesn’t have the funding of a large city like Atlanta, a trust fund should be established to build and maintain the park system as well as foster development of adjacent areas to create a beacon for the region.

Belt Line Trust Fund: -Atlanta Beltline Tax Allocation Districts helps fund urban redevelopment, including $638 million in new private real estate investments -52 affordable housing units along Eastside Trail, with a final goal of 5,600 along entire line -Remediation of 1,100 acres of brownfields and natural features

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CASE STUDY- William G. Milliken State Park Wetland

CASE STUDY- William G. Milliken State Park Wetland

Project Description:

Connection to Port St. Joe:

Location: Detroit, Michigan Size: 6.1 acres Designer: SmithGroupJJR Date: 2010 Concept: re-engaging the community with the river and natural environment.

They imported soil to cover existing contaminated soil, but the soil had invasive plants residue.

The wetland required repeated removal to make native plants become securely established.

-The site had 4 acres brownfield, with contaminated soils extending 4 inches deep.

-The wetland needs to be large enough to filter runoff during storms while receiving enough water to keep the wetland charged during dry periods.

Cleaning Water -Build a wetland for filtering runoff water and educational purposes.

Native Habitat -Port St. Joe has a large population of full-time birds and also is a parttime home for many migratory birds -Restoring brownfield sites surrounding the park

Design Considerations: 1.Filters an anticipated 100% of surface runoff from 12.5 acres of developed properties adjacent to the park.

2.Removes sediment and pollutants from surface runoff.

3.Creates native habitat for 62 confirmed species of migratory and resident birds.

4.Sequesters 3 tons of carbon per year 5.Provides a space for outdoor recreation 6.Fosters educational opportunities 7.Enhances non-motorized circulation and provides linkages to other trail networks in the city 22

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Concept Statement

Conceptual Planning Sea oats are the backbone of the barrier islands and dunes that protect Port. St. Joe and the entire coastline of Florida. Their rhizomatous root networks are resilient through the toughest of storms by forming a symbiotic relationship with the sand. This resilience complimented by their elegance and ductility make Uniola paniculata a precedent for natural form as well as functionality.

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Form: The shape of the sea oat was used as a foundation in the planning process. The components of the plant divide space into differing hierarchies. The widening of the canal in site D creates the resilient root system. The plaza space in the southern portion of the site acts as the sand that connects the community, with ‘leaves’ rising and branching out into the site. Small courtyard and gathering spaces in the site resemble seeds trickling down. Sites A&B encompass the inflorescence of the sea oat. This dynamic space will stimulate new connections and interactions within the community.

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Conceptual Planning This map shows the basic programming elements of the Uniola Greenline. This step lays out the approximate sizes of the spaces and components of the master plan.

The golden color represents paving and gathering space, blue showing proposed waterways, dark green representing exisitng canopy and olive green designating areas for various program elements and activities.

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Master Plan The master plan shows the final geometries and sizes of the Greenline’s elements.

The original inspiration and form of the sea oat is still apparent, but is not distraction to the overall functionality of the design. Existing roadways along with proposed paths into the site are also expressed. Providing diverse and unique experiences while moving thought the site was fundamental to the ideas of the design, encouraging the integration of neighborhoods into a whole community.

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Site Design - Site A

Site Design - Site A Conceptual Form:

Design Elements:

Site A represents the inflorescence of the sea oat. This park contains the seeds that will sprout the connections within the Port St. Joe community.

The existing loop within the site was preserved, with radial paths added to aid in the circulation between the extents of the site. An area of density forming a connection between the existing buildings is also proposed in this concept.

Discover -Dense native planting will offer a haven for wildlife -Raingardens, cisterns and swales provide an alternative to traditional stormwater treatment Unite -Greenstreet connects site A with the rest of the Greenline and south St. Joe -Amphitheater to host community events -Seatwall through site for personal interactions and gathering Nurture -Quiet areas stimulate personal healing and expression -Playground and recreation fields offer destinations for children to grow and play within their community -Trail system promotes a healthy and active lifestyle Educate -The history walk allows the visitor to explore Port St. Joe’s unique past -Learning center and children’s courtyard are a destination for afterschool activities.

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Site Design - Site A

Site Design - Site A Children’s Courtyard This dynamic and unique space will become a destination for Port St. Joe families. The wave bench and diverse plantings make this a great area for children and adults to explore and learn. The planted shade structure also provides extra relief on hot summer days.

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Process sketches: The image below provides an initial conceptual idea for the Children’s Courtyard, with vine covered shade structure and seat walls.

The sketch on the right explores the different configurations of the greenstreet. This quick diagrammatic process was key to examining the most functional layout for this space.

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Site Design - Site A

Site Design - Site A Greenstreet This is a sectional perspective of the bioswale and path that connects sites A&B. The swale and permeable pavement adds to the stormwater treatment capabilities of the site.

Vehicular access to houses on both sides of the street was maintained to minimize the impact of the project on these residents.

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Unification Center This elevation shows the seed pod inspired amphitheater that overlooks the mounded seating lawn. This also shows the relationship between the memorial walk and the seatwall which runs along its length. The existing canopy also provides a natural backdrop that blankets this serene section of the site.

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Site Design- Site B

Site Design- Site B Wetland & Forest Educational - Have information board about the natural environment in Florida and Port St. Joe in educational area - Explore more details while walking on the boardwalk in the wetland and forest area.

Wetland & Railroad Memorial Section Boardwalk and viewing platform can make people get closer to the plants, and can also limit people stepping on the wetland.

Visitor can access to the railroad to interact with the railroads and the artworks.

There is a bike trail between the wetland and the memorial area.

Memorial - Keep the view of lighthouse in lighthouse plaza - Make the existing railroad become a railroad memorial - Place railroad style artworks Social - Have a community garden between north PSJ and south PSJ - Build a community center that functions as a hurricane shelter - Have a farmers market close to the community garden and the community center Traffic - Keep the road with high traffic flow - Make the road with low traffic flow curved to slow down the cars

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Site Design- Site B Community Garden Using many planters can make the community garden easier to maintain.

Trees provide shade to seating area for gathering and resting space.

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Site Design- Site B Educational Area People can learn about the local natural environment before they enter the forest and wetland area to stimulate interest.

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Site Design- Site D

Site Design- Site D Schematic Design:

Primary Thinking about the design

Meander The River Bank - Slow down the water velocity - Enhance the capability of water volume - Create fun for walking and viewing - As rainfall and ocean tides change, create a seasonal landscape

Port St. Joe is like a sea oat swaying in the wind in its history. Although disaster and depression followed, it still stood there steadily.

The site runs through the core area of Port St. Joe, which means that it must play the role of a link and also serve as the heart of the city.

Bring vitality to the entire town and ambition to live in PSJ.

Rise Up Islands - Make plants and storm water have a larger contact area. Thereby, pollution can be handled more efficiently - Provide over-river boardwalk. An interesting experience would happen in the center of the water surface.

-Slow down water velocity

-It is a link between the city’s north and south community. The design of the venue will bring more convenient traffic here. Not only car traffic, people can also leisurely walk along the venue after tea and dinner. This will greatly improve the connection of the community and the sense of belonging of the residents.

Trail Shaped Like Sea Oats’ Root - Complete design concept - Lead flow to Site A&B&C

-Safety is a very important topic for a site often threatened by hurricanes. Taking advantage of the good terrain and vegetation, the idea of creating a construction working as both shelter and recreation center for everyone at site B soon came to my mind.

-The swale along the site is also a part that cannot be ignored. How to manage and use stormwater is a big problem for Site C and D. In order to provide Port St. Joe with greater vitality, I want to build a trail in the core area of the city. This will provide an excellent resting space for the surrounding large residential areas.

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Court Yard - Transitional bond shattered among the site.

- Provide space for residences to enhance community relations Lack of public parking is a problem. Refer to the parking design of Bell Street in Seattle.

Pavement to create a design is used to create more random parking space.

According to rain garden theory, specific plants would be used to solve water pollution. In this way , water quality and environment would be dramatically improved.

Natural shaped river will give people more intimacy. The time spent in the venue is like a stroll in a natural wetland, which is undoubtedly a pleasant experience. The venue will be more closely connected with the community.

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Site Design- Site D CROSS SITE SECTION

The residents on both sides of the river bank were separated by the river. Over-river boardwalk will solve this problem. Crossing the river to participate in activities on the opposite bank will be a happy experience. Sea oats trial answered people’s desire for leisure space. This place will be a good place for activities like running, chatting, and enjoying the afternoon.

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Site Design- Site D CROSS PLAZA SECTION

A vacant land in the northwest corner of the site offers the possibility of a centralized open space. The road next to it is wide, thus can freely add street parking.

A dapper Cafe plaza is implemented.

Shaded under tree space, convenient street parking, nice cafe and beautiful pavement. There is no doubt that this will be an attractive place.

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Site Design- Site D AERIAL PERSPECTIVE

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Project Synthesis Drawing inspiration from one of the most important flora in coastal Florida, this project highlights the diverse history and community of Port St. Joe. The Uniola Greenline will become a destination for the region, stimulating the local economy while improving the physical and mental health of PSJ’s residents and visitors.

While Port St. Joe has had some rough times in the past, the implementation of this firmly connected park system will give the community resilience and unity through the most taxing of times. While the weather may change, its roots will stay firmly connected, swaying but not breaking in the changing wind, and spreading its seeds to build future connections that will last generations.

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EXISTING ANALYSIS

PROPOSED ANALYSIS STORMWATER RETENTION

STORMWATER RETENTION

SOCIAL BOND

SOCIAL BOND

TRAIL SYSTEM PAVING

TRAIL SYSTEM PAVING

CANOPY

CANOPY

BASE MAP

MASTER PLAN

STORMWATER CAPACITY avg. depth volume(acre-feet)

1’ 1.5’

WETLAND CANAL

5.79 5.77

PROPOSED TOTAL

11.56

STORMWATER CAPACITY avg. depth volume(acre-feet)

1’ 1.5’ 1’ 1’ 2.5’

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WETLAND CANAL RAIN GARDENS BIOSWALE CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

5.10 3.25 0.31 0.28 8.46

PROPOSED TOTAL

17.40

% CHANGE

50.5% 45

Resources https://www.american-rails.com/apalachicola.html https://www.archdaily.com/445661/red-ribbon-park-turenscape http://www.depotpark.org/

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90% of trail users surveyed said that the trail provides them with an active lifestyle benefit. https://www.experiencegr.com/listings/indian-burial-mounds/10424/ ● 70% said that they exercise more since the opening of the https://www.floridastateparks.org/parks-and-trails/constitution-convention-museum-state-park Eastside Trail. ● 94% said it creates a better sense of community http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/st-joe-paper-company-history/ ● More accessibility to adjacent parks https://www.fws.gov/southeast/pdf/manual/dune-restoration-and-enhancement-for-the-florida-panhandle.pdf ● Educational programs, volunteer projects, concerts races and https://www.google.com/earth/ bike tours are held along the trail to stimulate public involvement https://dustinkryan.photoshelter.com/image/I0000cwl_H2zkppE

https://www.gooood.cn/river-restoration-singapore.htm https://www.landscapeperformance.org/case-study-briefs/atlanta-beltline-eastside-trail https://www.landscapeperformance.org/case-study-briefs/brooklyn-bridge-park https://www.landscapeperformance.org/case-study-briefs/milliken-state-park-lowland-park https://mylandrestorationproject.wordpress.com/2014/09/19/propagating-native-plants-inland-sea-oats/ https://nacto.org/case-study/bell-street-park-seattle/z http://www.saltairmarket.com/ 46