Milton | History and Stories | Analysis

Milton Booklet No.2

Stage

Package

Analysis

History and Stories

Prepared by Khalid Ali, Yasir Elawad, Jordan Howard, Ingrid-Andreea Kovacs Urban Design Studies Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, September - October 2016

Booklet No.3

Introduction

This booklet focuses on the historical background of Milton and it’s evolution throughout time. The aim is to give a better understanding of the factors that influenced the development of Milton, and how this has progressed throughout time to get to where it is today.

Firstly, the analysis looks at what triggered the emergence of places like Milton. A timeline that follows the step by step evolution of the development is drawn to illustrate each phase of its construction from the late 1860s to present day.

Secondly, The analysis looks at diffrent aspects of Milton such as industry, mining, education, community, transport etc. By observing its evolution, conclusions can be drawn as to what were the factors that made Milton a thriving community and what have been aspects that have led Milton to where it stands today socially an economically.

Finally, we look at a series of stories gathered from newsclippings to get a glimpse of what Milton used to be like. Conclusions can be drawn as to what the factors were that made Milton thriving.

Authors Khalid Ali

Architectural Studies, University of Strathclyde

Ingrid Andreea Kovacs Architectural Studies with International Studies, University of Strathclyde Jordan Howard

Politics and Geography, University of Strathclyde

Yasir Elawad

Architecture, University of Liverpool

History and Stories

Contents Introduction

Methodology

4

Historical Background Glasgow Industrial Rise and Decline An Overcrowded City

6

Rent Strike

8

The Need for Change

9

7

The Beginning of “The Milton”

10-11

Milton Historic Timeline

12-13

Evolution of Milton

14-21

Milton’s Separation

22-31

Forth and Clyde Canal

32-33

Forth and Clyde Canal Timeline

34-35

Industrial Background

36-37

Mining History

38-39

Education

40-43

Transport

44-45

Milton Community Centre

46-49

Stories from Milton Forth and Clyde Canal

50-51

Tower Blocks

52-53

Dancing Performances at the Community Centre

54-55

The Glen Douglas Pub

56-57

Love Milton and the Community Garden

58-59

Forgotten Milton What Milton wants

60-61

Conclusion 62 List of Figures

63

References

64

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Booklet No.2

Methodology

The research undertaken within this booklet was supported by historical maps, old/new articles, literature and informal interviews.

Together, these manage to show how “The Milton� scheme has changed over time and how this has affected other aspects within the socio-economic life of Milton.

1.Historical Maps As a starting point for our research we gathered historical maps from 1860s up until the present day. This allowed us to map out the development of the land on which Milton was built on in the 1940s. By doing so, we were able to identify patterns / buildings that have had a strong landscape impact and some that have been wiped out over time.

2.Articles | Literature As Milton is a fairly new development, very little information was available in the literature. However, through the collection of old and new news clips we were able to get a feeling for what the life of the people in Milton has been like. There is no doubt that there has been a deterioration of the quality of life due to the lack of financial investment in Milton which has further led to a rise in criminal activity.

3.Informal Interview To further dive into what the real Milton is, we have spoken with people from the community to find out what their view on the situation of Milton is.

This way we managed to find out what their aspirations are as a community, what they think are the best features and what needs to improve in the future in Milton.

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History and Stories

Figure 1: Location of Milton in relation to Glasgow

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Glasgow’s Industrial Rise and Decline

To understand Milton in the present day it is necessary to understand the way that Glasgow has grown as a city to this day - Its history is punctuated by some of the most extreme economic and social peaks and troughs this country has known. Glasgow was for a very long time a world class city as its mercantile capitalist routes catapulted the city onto a level that -within the UK- was only surpassed by London (MacKenzie, 1999).

Glasgow made tremendous wealth through industries including tobacco, spices, sugar, cotton and textiles to name a few (Travel Scotland,2015).

Furthermore, the city’s situation on the River Clyde was the catalyst for another characteristic synonymous with Glasgow’s wealth - shipbuilding and steel production. These industries were two of the primary causes of Glasgow’s perpetual population rise throughout the 19th and into the 20th centuries as people were drawn to the city in their thousands to seek their own personal success with employment in the industry - this is one of the main contributing factors to Glasgow becoming one of Europe’s first cities to pass 1million inhabitants - between the 1911 census and the following 1921 census the population jumped from 784,000 to 1034,000 (U.K. Census, 2001) a 31.9% rise. At the turn of the 20th century Glasgow had cemented its status as the “second city of the empire” being the predominant shipbuilder and outputting a quarter of the worlds locomotives at that time (W.H. Fraser, n.d.).

However, for the great heights that Glasgow reached there are tremendous lows to match - and as the end of the second World War II came the demand for ships declined drastically, competition in steel production across the world was to intensify and prolong the struggle and so the bustling port on the Clyde rapidly died (Moss, n.d.) - for the next few decades the city was to suffer some of the most ferocious deindustrialisation in history as well as the influx of social end economic problems that come with it. The powerhouses that had catapulted Glasgow on to a level that its sister cities in the U.K. could only dream of slowly faded away some of them dragging out well past halfway through the 20th century including Springburn’s all important Neilson & Co - the largest locomotive manufacturer in Europe which eventually coughed to a halt in 1962 (Anderson and Langston, 2014).

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History and Stories

An Overcrowded City

During Glasgows industrial halcyon days the inner-city became congested with overcrowding in the traditional tenement built flats - most of which were limited to 1 or 2 bedrooms for a family (often of 3 or 4 generations) (Aitken, 2016). With the industrialisation too came pollution and contamination from coal- powered foundries and factories that painted inner-city Glasgow (particularly the east) black with soot and created a smog that was infamous across the UK (Thorsheim, 2006). Moreover, Glasgow’s precious waterways that gave life to the people and land ran dark and murky with industrial waste from rapid and largely unregulated industrialisation and the increased waste from overcrowding (Goodman and Chant, 1999). Then add to this situation an epidemic of unemployment and severe economic decline and quickly Glasgow’s living conditions became some of the worst in Europe (Burrowes, 2011) and thus we have the pressure for the beginning of Glasgow’s renewal and expansion - a scheme which was to give birth to developments like Milton.

Figure 2: Slums in Glasgow

Figure 3: Slums in Glasgow

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The Rent Strike

The First World War drove thousands of people to live in Glasgow and work in the munition industry. Accommodation became scarce as more and more people were arriving daily in Glasgow. This led to the accommodation quickly drying up and the rents increase by 14-23 % during a time when there was a drastic increase in the cost of living. Pensioners, wives and mothers of the soldiers that were away on the frontline, risked eviction by the house factors who managed property for Glasgow landlords.

In 1915, a strike was organised, where people took to the streets their discontent and refused to pay increases imposed since the beginning of the war. A resistance was coordinate to stop the officers from evicting families who refused or were unable to pay the increased rent.

The people shown in Figure 4 have gathered in front of a tenement where someone was being threatened with eviction. They formed a human shield in the close of the tenement to stop the officers summoned by the Sheriff to carry out the eviciton (ABACUS, 2004).

Figure 4: Protesters taking the streets of Glasgow

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History and Stories

The Need for Change

Despite Milton being an isolated settlement in its design - largely disconnected from the surrounding suburbs - it is not a settlement that can be understood in isolation and its story is very much interlinked with that of Glasgow as a whole. The story of Milton becoming what we know it as today begins with the aforementioned overcrowding at the turn of the 20th century. In 1912 Glasgow was the UK’s second most populous city but fell far from that rank in terms of area - with cities like Leeds and Liverpool and Edinburgh being physically more expansive - cities which in a present day comparison are considerably smaller than Glasgow (Goodman and Chant, 1999). Put simply Glasgow was congested; the most congested outside of London with its neighbour city Edinburgh averaging 32 persons-per-hectare Glasgow eclipsed this with a startling average of 133 (I, Maver, 2004) at the turn of the 20th century.

The year of 1935 saw the passing of the Housing Act (Scotland) which set standards for housing seeking to address Glasgow’s overcrowding and comparably poor living standards (Hansard, 1935). A survey in the same year concluded that 29% of the cities homes were overcrowded - an incredible contrast to the average for England of 3.8%. Then Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald launched an ‘attack (on) the evil of overcrowding’ (Conservative Party Manifesto,1935). The answer was first the expanding of the cities boundaries to deliver the tens-of-thousands of homes that were needed. Expansions were pushed in every direction - Drumchapel - originally a small suburb - was swallowed up by the city with a huge estate to the west. Out east; Easterhouse - another massive housing plan - helped ease the struggle, and to the south Castlemilk was built. Inner-city problem areas were slowly demolished and the residents were relocated away from the city centre and into these new schemes.

The landscape of central Glasgow changed drastically between the 1940s and the 1950s as rows of traditional tenement flats that had descended into poverty and squalor were demolished in places like Townhead, Cowcaddens, Govan, Gorbals and Bridgeton. Glasgow’s traditional tenement flats, the type that had seen the city through its industrial rise had become rotten - infected with damp and stained by years of industrial smoke - and were far from fit for purpose. Many examples of these tenement flats still exist in Glasgow today but are a far cry from landscape of late 19th century Glasgow. Today it is primarily larger examples that remain - typically they are more dispersed with green space and were mostly built with individual indoor bathrooms not outdoor shared wash houses like those that were demolished. Glasgow was crying out for a new format for living - an updated city plan that suited the needs of modern life in Britain; open space, road access, car parking and importantly more houses instead of flats.

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The Beginnings of “The Milton”

Milton was born at the end of the 1940s as a post-war scheme conducted by Glasgow Corportation as a way of alleviating Glasgow of overcrowding and clear the city of slums . The location on which Milton was built was previously an empty land with just a few farms scattered around. A few private residences (cottages) exited on Liddesdale Road and Birsay Road (see Figure. 5) but that was all. Prior to the construction of Milton, the area used to be heavily mined.

Figure 5: Aerial view of newly developed Milton

“ First Advert published for Milton Variety is the spice of Milton – Glasgow’s most northerly scheme – which started in August 1947, and finished in December 1954. It has 2934 houses, 1900 of them non-traditional style of two or three stories.

There are also semi-detached and terraced cottages of three, four, and five apartments. Liddesdale Road runs from the centre foreground to the top right of this view. The new chuch in Egilsay Crescent is slightly to the left with Skerry Street shops in the extreme left.

Milton has two full primary schools and a large secondary school, St. Augustine’s School with its extensive playing fields, is shown on the right. “

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History and Stories

Figure 6: 1860’s Map showing the location of the future “Milton” with it current boundary

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Milton Historic Timeline

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Figure 7: Milton TImeline

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Evolution of Milton

Figure 8: Map of Milton - 1860’s NTS

Ironwork Pit

1775 - First stages of the Clyde canal appear west of the area that will eventually become Milton.

1836 - Milton Parish established, before 1800 the area was generally known as High Possil.

1842 - The Glasgow - Edinburgh railway line cuts past Milton to the east through Bishopbriggs.

1860 - Ironstone pits appeared around Haywood Street and was used at the Saracen Foundry.

1873 - “Wee Possil” school built at Hodge Court.

1890 - Quarries around Milton became disused and the associated railways disconnected.

1893 - St Agnes Church was built.

1800

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1850

1900

History and Stories

Figure 9: Map of Milton - 1910’s NTS

1950

Existing

2000

New developemnts

2016

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Figure 10: Map of Milton - 1930’s NTS

Existing

1934 - “Wee Possil” school was demolished and Possil Secondary School was built.

1938 - The first houses appear on Colton and Ashgill Road.

1947 - House building in Milton began - slum clearances and tackling the post-war housing crisis. 200 Blackburn homes were built - 120 terraced houses and 80 semi-detached cottages. Blackburn were aircraft manufacturers but turned to making steel-framed houses after the war. There was also 628 traditional 4-storey tenement flats. February 1950 Glasgow Herald prints that building 126 homes was going to cost £190,000. Initial plans for Milton included a cinema which changed to a library and plans for a community centre were scrapped.

1947 - Access wall at Westray Circus shops was built.

1948 - Water tower built at Everard Quadrant.

1800

16

1850

1900

New developemnts

History and Stories

Figure 11: Map of Milton - 1950’s NTS

Existing

New developemnts

1951 - Colston Milton Church opened.

1952 - St Andrews Methodist Church opened.

1952 - First phase of new terrace homes completed including 258 ‘desira ble’ Taylor Whimpey homes.

1953 - St Augustine’s and Chirnsyde Primary schools opened.

1954 - Milton Library opened at 163 Ronaldsay Street and in 1975 the issuing system was computerised.

1954 - St Augustine’s Secondary School opened.

1956 - St Augustine’s Chapel opened.

1956 - St Ambrose Primary School opened.

1950

2000

2016

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Figure 12: Map of Milton - 1960’s NTS

Existing

1963 - The Clyde Canal which draws the western boundary of Milton closes.

1964 - Possil Station closes.

1965 - Small estate Hillswick Crescent is built - sometimes referred to locally as “dolls houses”.

1965 - Balmore Industrial Estate opened providing 50% of the employment for the area.

1966 - The Scaraway Street towers were approved.

1967 - Saracen Foundry demolished which was to become an industrial estate 1968 - Water tower demolished.

1969 - Possil Secondary/Hodge Court was demolished.

1800

18

1850

1900

New developemnts

History and Stories

Figure 13: Map of Milton - 1980’s NTS

Existing

New developemnts

1970 - Strathclyde Regional Council Water Department headquarters were opened at 419 Balmore Road. Now the facility is the headquarters for the west of Scotland. Before this the site was Parkhouse Farm.

1970 - St Ambrose Primary School moves from Ashgill Road to Mingulay Place.

1972 - All 6 towers now completed.

1974 - Milton Community Centre opened - it was on Liddesdale Road and had 2 halls, dressing rooms, kitchen, hobbies workroom and a photographic workroom. It was badly damaged by fire in 1978 and did not reopen until 1979.

1976 - Milton was designated an area of priority for the council as much of the housing was suffering from damp and needed general maintenance and upgrading - Residents Association established a community council to tackle the crime and general decline of the area.

1979 - Kingarth House a home for the elderly opened on the Balmmore Road junction with Kilfinnan Street.

1982 - Nearby Lambhill Ironworks closes - it was a big employer in Milton.

1950

2000

2016

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Existing

Figure 14: Map of Milton - 1990’s NTS

1991 - Community hosted a mini Highland Games.

1995 - Balmore Industrial Estate received a ÂŁ1m facelift.

1996 - Scalpay Place flats demolished, some of the 628 traditional 4-storey tenement flats that were built in the Milton development and have proved to be the least popular.

1997 - Flats to the right of shops in Liddesdale Square demolished.

1850 1800 20

1900

New developemnts

History and Stories

Figure 15: Map of Milton - Present Day NTS

2004 - Possil Secondary/Hodge Court was demolished despite being listed 1930s architecture.

2006 - The last of the ‘original’ Scaraway Street flats were demolished.

2009 - St Ambrose and St Augustine primary schools merged and became St Monica’s - this building includes a local authority gym, library and recreational studios.

2010 - St Augustines School demolished.

2012 - Old Milton Library building which had fallen into disrepair approved for demolition.

2015 - Milton Community Centre demolished.

1950

2000

2016

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Milton’s Separation

Milton is a divided community and residents point out the clear physical as well as social divide between the “front” and the “back” of the settlement. Liddesdale Road marks this separation physically but it permeates deeper into the fabric of the society here; the majority of the 7,000 population live at the back of Milton in the north - this is where all 6 multi-storey “tower block” flats can be found, as well as almost all of the rest of Milton’s flat blocks - many of which are waiting derelict to be demolished. This division is hugely problematic for many as the majority of Milton’s services are located at the front; two of the 3 schools, the ARC (Ashgill Recreation Centre), most of the areas churches, the library, gym, dental practice as well as the only restaurant/cafe. The difficulty of access to these facilities is exacerbated for the elderly and disabled almost non-existent bus routes, no trains and a large hill.

1860

In 1860 the site on which the future Milton will be developed was an empy plot of land. Back then the street we now know as Liddesdale Road was called High Possil as it was a main street that was extending from Possil. A green corridor was running perpendicularly on High Possil.

This possibly had the intention to deliniate a change in topography as the western part of the Milton is known to be on a steep slope. However, later on this will play a more important role when it comes to the division of Milton.

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History and Stories

Figure 16: 1860 map showing the empty site of future Milton

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1930 In 1930, the land has not seen any major changes. However, High Possil Road ( today known as Liddesdale Road ) has remained a strong feature of the land. Moreover, signs of urban development can be noted along Liddesdale Road. These are presumed to have been private houses. At this stage, High Possil was still directly linked to Bishopbriggs.

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History and Stories

Figure 17: 1930 map showing few developments along Liddesdale Road

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1950

By the end of 1952, the first phase of the construction of Milton was finalised. The developments seen in Fig 18 were constructed within 10 years of eachother. However, a major change compared to the aforementioned maps is that Liddesdale Road was broken by the construction of Liddesdale Square. This was a strategy that intended to direct the traffic around Milton, thus avoiding heavy flow traffic within the development.

However, over the years, this has resulted in a decrease in the street quality of Liddesdale road. Instead of flourishing as the main arterial route, this became a major separator between the north and the south of Milton.

Furthermore, the construction of Liddesdale Square has put a “barrier� between Milton and Bishopbriggs.

The landscaping corridor along the west of Castlebay Street was maintained after the development of the housing. However, this along with the problematic topography acted as a barrier between the residential area and the Forth and Clyde Canal.

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History and Stories

Figure 18: 1950 map showing few developments along Liddesdale Road

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1960

Later on more housing was added to the initial phase of the development. In the 1960s the most notable addition to Milton was the “doll-houses�. These were developed in the north-west part of Milton, some of the housing faces the canal. Although, arguably well designed, these became rather isolated from the rest of the community due to the landscape corridor running along Castlebay Street.

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History and Stories

Doll-Houses Figure 19: 1960 Map showing the developed “doll houses�

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1980

By the 1980s the Industrial Estate was developed in the western part of Milton. This came as the final drop that has clearly divided Milton into differet entities. Therefore the major separator has remained Liddesdale Road that split Milton into noth and south. The landscaping corridor on the West separates the residential area from the industrial estate and the canal, while the “doll houses� in the north west are still isolated from the rest of the community. It is interesting to point out at this stage that Liddesdale Road and the green corridor have been preserved over decades and are still present today. In the future consideration should be given to these two features and potentially redevelop these in such way as they become more integrated into the built form.

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History and Stories

South Area

North Area

Industrial Area

Doll-Houses

Figure 20: 1980 map showing division in Milton

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Forth and Clyde Canal

On March 8th 1768, the first act of parliament that involved the canal received the royal assent and was called “An Act for making and maintaining a navigable Canal from the Firth or River of Forth, at or near the mouth of the River Carron, in the county of Stirling, to the Firth or River of Clyde, at or near a place called Dalmuir Burnfoot, in the county of Dumbarton; and also a collateral Cut from the same to the city of Glasgow; and for making a navigable Cut or Canal of Communication from the Port or Harbour of Borrowstounness, to join the said Canal at or near the place where it will fall into the Firth of Forth” (Priestley, 1969)

The company was incorporated as “The Company of Proprietors of the Forth and Clyde Navigation” and was authorised to issue 1,500 shares of £100 each to raise the required capital.

Although work on the canal started only after the act was passed by the parliament, there were discussion about connecting the western and eastern seas long before. However, at the time the early estimate of the project was calculated to be £500,000 and due to various circumstances but mostly due to the unfeasible project and the inability to raise such a sum the project was abandoned until 1723. (Priestley, 1969)

Under the direction of John, Smeaton, a civil engineer, the work progressed so quickly that in almost three years, half of the canal was finished. Later on, due to some disagreements between Mr. Smeaton and the proprietors, he refused to be associated with this work and he ceesed any contribution to the canal. This led to appointing contractors to continue the work but soon this proved to be a failure and the project fell into the hands of the direction of its original projector, who have managed to progress the work within sic miles of its proposed junction with the Clyde.

The work abruptly stoped in the North of Glasgow in 1775 due to lack of funds and remaind in this state for several years (Priestley, 1969). However, in 1777 city merchants manage to raise money and have a branch of the canal built into the city. In 1785, Government Money forfeited from the Jacobite Estates is available and the canal work can progress. Finally, just 5 years later in 1790, Forth and Clyde Canal is completed.

The canal is 56 km long and is linking Bowling on the Clyde estuary with Grangemouth on the Forth. Prior to the introduction of the railways, the Forth and Clyde Canal was one of Scotland’s busiest canals, being used by collieries and ironworks.

In the first phase, between 1789 and 1803, the canal was used for steamboat trials (Charlotte Dundas, Comet, Vulcat, etc.). The world’s second most successful steamboat, Charlotte Dundas, that demonstrated the advantages of steam power for ships was tested on the Forth and Clyde Canal in 1803. In 1948 it was taken over by the British Transport Commission; and in 1962 it was abandoned and then passed to the British Waterways Board (Education Scotland, 2016)

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History and Stories

Figure 21: Forth and Clyde Canal running from Bowling to Grangemouth

Figure 22: The branch within Glasgowfrom Maryhill to Port Dundas showing Ruchill Church (left) Figure 23: Forth and Clyde Canal bank (right)

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Forth and Clyde Canal Historical Timeline

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History and Stories

Figure 24: Timeline of development of Clyde

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Industrial Background Saracen Foundry

Industrial centres all around Glasgow became famous for their products and innovations, and Saracen Foundry was one of them. It became the primary producer of ornate ironwork detailings that were fashionable at the turn of the 20th century: bandstands, water fountains, street lamps, railings and bridges. Their work spread across not just the UK but the Empire having contributed to railways, theatres and libraries in Australia and South America. But it is not these international exports that are best remembered, it is the variety of their creations that litter Glasgow having created many well-known features like the Kibble Palace in the Botanic Gardens, the Saracen Fountain in Alexandra Park as well as the lighting in George Square and the Mitchel Library.

The foundry was a huge employer not just in Milton but across the north of the city, but after the war it began to struggle as demand shrunk and fashions changed. The foundry was temporarily kept alive by a contract to build the famous red K6 telephone boxes but by the mid 60s the change in the industrial landscape was unavoidable and the site closed. The timing could not have been worse for the recent influx of thousands of new residents to Milton whose dreams of prosperity and independence suffered with the foundry’s demise (Mitchell, 2009)

Lambhill Ironworks

The Lambhill Ironworks is another example of a hugely important producer that brought long periods of growth and employment with its various guises. The site was established as Lambhill Ironworks Ltd in 1931 but the site on the canal had had several industrial uses prior to this. In the 1950s, just as Milton has sprung to life the firm started specialising in theatre and cinema construction. In 1961 it was reincarnated as Lambhill Engineering Ltd – a company responsible for several landmarks in the city as they built steel girders for construction. Unfortunately, though, one of their last commissions was for the Renfrew Street Savoy Centre bridge and then in 1972 the works shut down.

It is just one more example of the sort of heavy industry employers that were closing due to changing market demands and international competition that was affecting the whole nation. This decline was magnified for areas like Milton though, as it was not just hit by economic decline but by widespread unemployment because of the reliance on such sites.

Importantly though, the legacy of what these places did not just for Glasgow but the world lives on today, and although Milton was only in existence for a brief part of it, it was built right on the doorstep of some of the most influential industries of the British Empire.

Walter Neilson and James Mitchell The company was opened in 1836 by Walter Neilson and James Mitchell to manufacture marine and stationary engines. In 1843 the company started building locomotives for local railways. As the company grew bigger it was extended to Springburn in 1861 and functioned there until the 1960s when it shut down. At the time the company provided jobs for people living in Possil, Milton, Lambhill (Nicolson and O’Neill, 1987).

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History and Stories

Figure 25: Saracen Foundry

Figure 26: Lambhill Ironworks

Figure 27: Walter Neilson and James Mitchell

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Mining History Before the 20th century, the site that today is known as Milton was heavily mined. Information on this matter is very vague. When speaking to the Love Milton ambassador, it was said that even the locals know very little about the history of mining in the area. Presumably, over the 10 years that Milton was erected, all evidence of the existence of mining was wiped away. Vast areas around Milton have been documented as being mined, with mine shafts entrances changed over time, hence it is expected that the entire site is riddled with tunnels.

The map shown in Figure 28 was compiled using five different sources of information. The first step was looking at historical maps dating back to 1860s and 1930, secondly the Milton Housing and Regeneration Project and finally two site investigation reports from GHA. While there are a lot of similarities between the information gathered, there are visibly some discrepancies between the location of mine shafts and quarries. This further emphasise that there is very little precise data regarding the real ground conditions of the site. As these maps show, it can be considered that the entire site might have problematic ground conditions. However, some of the mineshafts have been populated with buildings, therefore although problematic, the site is not imposible to build upon.

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History and Stories

Mineshafts (1860)

Mineshafts (1930)

Mineshafts (GHA) Mined / Unstable

Mineshafts (MSHRP) Possibly mined

Figure 28: Location of historical open quarries and mine shafts in Milton

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Education Primary Schools

Today, Milton has two primary schools: St. Monica’s Primary School and Miltonbank Primary. Over the years 3 schools have been demolished: Rosevale School, Glasgow School for the Deaf (closed in 1999) and Ambrose Primary School (closed in 2010). Some children also attend Chirnsyde Primary School which is located in the southern part of the boundary of Milton. Milton lacks secondary schools, as all have been demolished over the years. There were three secondary schools in Milton: St. Augustines’s Secondary School (closed in 2010), Milton Secondary School (demolished in 2016) and St. Joan of Arc Special School (demolished in 2010).

The desire of the students to learn is obvious since the three primary schools perform well and HMIE reports reflect their strong efforts at encouraging pupils educational, personal and social growth and their interaction with the wider community.

Figure 29: St. Monica’s Milton Primary

Figure 30: MIltonbank Primary School

Figure 31: Rosevale School

Figure 32: Glasgow School for the Deaf

Figure 33: Ambrose Primary School

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History and Stories

Existing Schools

Closed / Demolished Schools

Figure 34: Map showing location of primary existing primary schools and demolished schools

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SecondarySchools

Three secondary schools used to exist in Milton: St. Augustine’s Secondary, Milton School and St. Joan of Arc Secondary School. However, all have been demolished (St. Augustine’s Secondary and St. Joan of Arc Special School) or closed (Milton School) in a relatively short period of time. This has left the children in Milton without a secondary school and forced them to commute daily to neighbouring schools outside Milton.

Accessing the satellite schools is a real struggle for children. The majority rely on a bus to get to schools but the scheduling for the service is such that if a pupil misses their first bus -which is often, as they can have as little as 5 minutes to catch it- they must take 2 other busses to get home. Their only other options are relying on arelative with a car or walking - but as seen the connections are poor - badly lit and surfaced and often complicates the route back home as a result of physical barriers such as the canal and railway lines.

Figure 35: St. Augustine’s Secondary (demolished 2010)

Figure 36: Milton School (closed 2016)

Figure 37: St. Joan of Arc Special School (demolished 2010)

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History and Stories

Existing Schools

Closed / Demolished Schools

Figure 38: Map showing location of demolished secondary schools

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Transport

Possil Railway Station

The station was opened in 1897 as part of the Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway line connecting the area with the city centre and out to Rutherglen in the south east. It was both a passenger and freight port as the area was brimming with heavy industry but closed as part of the Breeching Axe – a strict review of British railways - in 1964 and thus served Milton for a brief time only (Butt, 1995). In the 1980s the building was used as a bookmakers which ran up until 2006 and it has since been empty. The building is now a C listed building (Historic Environment Scotland, 2016) but has been left neglected and no station has replaced it, reinforcing Milton’s isolation.

Today, Ashfield Station is the nearest railway line and connects to Glasgow Queen Street and Edinburgh Waverley but it is 1.3 miles from the farthest point of Milton or 24 minutes walk according to Google Maps.

With 47.7% (Understanding Glasgow Neighbourhood Workbook) of residents walking, cycling or taking public transport to work it seems that their transport provision is insufficient.

Figure 39: Possil Railway Station

Figure 40: Location of Possil Railway Station

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History and Stories

Figure 41: Possil Railway Station as seen from Balmore Road

Figure 42: View from the platform of the Possil station (1960)

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Milton Community Centre

A community centre was built in the 1970s on Liddesdale Road.

It was of ficially opened on 24th of April 1974 and was ready to receive its first guest on the 25th of Aprli. At the time, the community centre was seen as a major step towards the development of the area. The community centre offered activities such as: guitar, drama, woodwork, Dressmaking, Country Dancing, Flower Arranging etc. Back in the 1950s there were discussions about building a community centre for Mitlon on the place where Milton School stands in Liddesdale Terrace, but for unknown reasons, the project was never put in place. Unfortunately, the community centre was demolished in 2015, leaving the community without a leisure activity space.

Figure 43: View of the community centre before its demolishion

Excerpt from local newspaper regarding the opening of Milton Community Center “Milton’s community centre was officially opened on Wednesday the 14th April 1974. Those who attended the opening may be interested to know who was there and what it was all about.

The programme was begun with widespread singing of Psalm 23 during which the coarse voice of the assembly attempted unsuccessfully to drown the pristine tones of the choir. Rev. John Jolly then led in prayer after which the Chairman, Councillor David Hodge made his remarks.

These remarks constituted a speech in which we were assured that the Community Centre now gave Milton all the ingredients to be an ideal Community. Introduced by Councillor Hodge, Bailie McGrath performed the formal opening. No ribbons were cut or Champagne bottles smashed but Bailie McGrath, with tact, skill and feeling, delivered a speech in which he honoured the memory of the late Councillor William McCredie, to whom he accredited thanks for his own present position.” (Source: Milton Library Archive)” (Source: Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives)

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History and Stories

Milton Community Centre

Figure 44: 1990 historical Map showing location of Community Centre

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Booklet No.2

As it can be seen from Figure. 43, the former community Centre provided a classroom, workshop, two large rooms, a main hall with a stage, a secondary hall, stage workshop etc. This comes to prove that the community centre offered the community a vide range of activities that served the entire community, no matter their age.

Figure 45: Community centre floor plan

Demolished site of the community centre

Figure 46: Current location of the former Milton Community Centre

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History and Stories

Future of the Community Centre After the demolishion of the community centre in 2015, the community was left without a place of gathering. However, with the help of Love Milton, a local organziation that aims to improve the area, a training and office building is planned to be constructed in the near future on Skerray Street. This will have the purpose of providing people with training and skills that will help then become active participants in the construction of a new community centre.

Figure 47: : Proposed community centre on Skerray Street

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Booklet No.2

Stories of Milton Forth and Clyde Canal Excerpt from local newspaper regarding the lack of maintainance of the canal.

“Local M.P. Jim Craigen, is concerned about the future of the now derelict Forth and Clyde Canal, running near the back of the Milton Scheme. He wants to see the present eyesore developed to form a water playground for the benefit of the local people. Jim Craigen has written to Mr. Denis Howell M.P. Minister of Sport, on the matter and we reprint the text of the letter. “A large section of the Forth and Clyde Canal runs through the Mryhill Constituency.

It closed to traffic in 1962 and since 1968 the British Waterways Board has been responsible for its maintainance in the most economical way possible.

The present state of the Maryhill locks and the banks of the Canal hardly improve the environment. In its original plans for the Maryhill Motorway, Glasgow Corporation intended to infill or pipe part of the bed of the Canal for motorway construction. Following the Gillespie Report in November 1971 it was recommended that sections of the Canal could be used for amenity and recreational purposes. At the end of May, a second Gillespie Report was produced. However, there has also been much interest in opening up the Canal again for navigation purposes. All in all a great deal of uncertainty surrounds the future of the Forth and Clyde Canal, which makes any effective planning of the Maryhill Locks and Kelvin Aqueduct for leisure and recreational purposes very difficult.

“I should like to know what is the view of the British Waterways Board, which I believe in the controlling Authority for the Forth and Clyde Canal and whether your department or the Scottish Office is in a position to announce whether the Canal will be re-opened for navigation purposes and if so what measures will be encour aged by the Government to develop its use as an amenity and recreational attraction.“ The canal has been a topic of lively conversation in the area for years particularly since it has been closed for navigation. IN the other parts of the country great use has been made of disused inland waterway as a base for leisure centres and sporting activities associated with boating.”

(Source: Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives)

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History and Stories

Figure 48: Forth and Clyde Canal shown in relation to Milton

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Booklet No.2

Tower Blocks Excerpt from local newspaper regarding issues with the tower blocks “The multi storey flats-six years on and what has been happening? The first homes were let in 1970 and from then till now – a story tale of water penetration. “Water penetration” this clinical phrase cannot sum up the misery life in the flats has brought to many families. It means ruined curtains and carpets, damaged furniture, paper falling from the walls, more importantly it can mean chronic bronchial troubles among the very young and the elderly. Often when it rains, water literally runs down the walls. Fungus is commonplace, as is the hevy, dank smell of dampness.

The storms in mid-January brought the problem to the fore again. I visited the flats to find that sixty tenants from 69 Castelebay Drive, thirty eight from No.123 and thirty six tenants from No. 27 were reporting water penetration in their homes. The situation at Scaraway was similar. Some tenants were reporting penetration for the first time while other tenants whose homes had already been treated were affected. I contracted some of the tenants and with their help organised a meeting between representatives of the tenants and officials from Expandite, the department of Architecture and the Housing Management Department.

Suffice to say that the meeting was not entirely satisfied with the answer given to its questions. I then took the whole matter before the Housing Management Committee of Glasgow District Council. In the short term the committee agreed to authorize the temporary decanting of the worst affected families. One hundred tenants have signed the a petition to the effect that if nothing concrete happens soon they are prepared to with-hold part to their rent, appropriate to the degree of water penetration their homes are experiencing. Several tenants are already doing this.“ (Source: Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives)

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History and Stories

Figure 49: Location of high rises

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Booklet No.2

Dacing Performances at Milton Community Centre Excerpt from local newspaper regarding dance shows of Milton Community Centre “Every Friday evening and Saturday afternoon for the past nine months or so, has seen a novel and popular activity for Milton children of between 3 and 16 years old.

Organised by local girl Carol Docherty, a children’s dancing class is held on these days in St. Andrew’s Milton Methodist Church. Carol, a fully qualified dancing instructress, offers the kiddies an opportunity to learn a wide variety of dancing styles, ranging from the most up to date routines as seen on T.V. to tap, ballet and highland dancing.

Carol and her troupe are presently working hard at rehearsals of a routine which will be presented at the first Annual Display of the class to be held this month.

The Display will take place on the 6th and 7th June at 7.30 p.m. in St. Andrew’s Milton Methodist Church. Tickets may be had at the door. Even to a casual observer it is clear that this young troupe absolutely oozes talent, and many of the mums have had great entertainment as they wait for their children. Come along on the 6th and 7th and see for yourself. “ Excerpt from local newspaper regarding dance shows held at Milton Community Centre “As a warm up to the Milton Fayre activities, the Display given by the Carol Docherry School of Dancing in St. Andrew’s Milton Methodist Church, went off in great style.

Although most of Carol’s young class were making their dancing debut, the whole company performed faultlessly. The display was held on the evenings of Thursday 6th and Friday 7th June and on each occasion the Troupe played for a packed house. Standing room only was the order of the day for those who did not arrive well before the start of the show.

On each evening the Troupe performed 24 dance routines, every one received rapturously. Although it is perhaps unfair to single out individual successes certainly little Michelle Ayers stole the show with her “Rupert the Bear” routine. While the audience saw to great effect how Carol’s hard work during the year has paid off, behind the scenes the mums had got together to make all the costumes, and backstage there were young friends to assist with the make-up and the smooth running of the show. At the end the last night, Carol was deservedly presented with bouquets of flowers by the Rev. Riv. Holland, whose vote of thanks echoed the feelings of everyone in the hall.”

(Source: Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives)

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History and Stories

Figure 50: Photograph of dance show

Figure 51: Photograph of dance show

Figure 52: Photograph of Carol Docherty being presented with flowers

Figure 53: Photography of dance show

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Booklet No.2

The Glen Douglas Pub

Excerpt from local newspaper regarding the refurbishment that was undertaken at Glen Douglas Pub. “You may have noticed the sweeping changes and improvements that have been going on recently in the Glen Douglas, Balmore Road. This is part of the new policy instigated by Mr. William White, the manager. He is anxious to encourage residents in the Milton area to visit the ‘Glen’ and use the facilities available. The newly renovated lounge finished at the end of July offers lunches of a very high standard. There is also a bar snacks menu served in the Public Bar. A dance band is featured in the lounge every evening Monday to Thursday.

The manager offers an excellent catering service of parties up to 40 persons, ideal for enjoyable wedding groups or the more sombre funeral tea. A Christmas lunch service is also planned and bookings for the 23rd to 25th December are now being taken.”

(Source: Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives)”

Figure 54: Location of former “Glen Douglas” pub

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History and Stories

50 years Ban

Figure 55: Sketch of Glen Douglas pub

Seamus Gormley, Glen Douglas manager was baned from diviring for 50 years after in March 1978 his Irish luck ran out when he was fined £120 and banned for 50 years. He claimed he had 4 vodkas and that while riving a little girl was being pulled out onto the road by her dog on a lead. The little girl was not hurt, however, in his attempts to avoid hitting the little girl, he crashed into a van. When asked about what happened he claimed that the breathalysertester showed a figure of 129, which he sais was only one vodka above the limit which is 80.

However, this incident affected his business as For Tennent Caledonian Breweries, owners of the “Glen Douglas” have applied to the Licensing Board for a permanent transfer of the pub licence to Seamus.The police objected saying that Seamus is not not a fit and proper person to be the licensee, because of his driving record (Old Glasgow Pub).

Robery at The Glen

In 1956, The Glen Douglas Pub on Balmore Road was broken into by thieves. The raiders took away the safe.

Poliecemen believed that the thieves have entered the pub by the back entrance. Upon inspection, the detectives have established that a wire fence that was enclosing the premise was cut at the rear. The thieves are believed to have entered the Hillend Gardens grounds which are at the back of the pub. Licensee Mr William L McMechan stated after the theft that it was not known how much money had been taken (Old Glasgow Pubs, 2016).

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Booklet No.2

Love MIlton and the Community Garden

Love Milton is a charity that has been present in Milton since 2008 and its main goal is to make Milton a better place.Love Milton and the Prince’s trust teamed up to form the community garden. This is providing people with the opportunity to learn skills in gardening, carpentry and cooking. Furthermore they encourage healthy eating.

Recently, Co-op filmed an advertising campaign with the community garden. Love Milton is currently doing a green roof scheme in a joint partnership with the Scottish Ecological Design Association (SEDA).

They train residents with the help of builders, gardeners and architects.

The community has taken much of its own challenges on itself as most feel the area is forgotten and overshadowed when it comes to assistance by more media-prevalent examples of depravation in the north like Possil and Maryhill. Groups love Love Milton seem to pick up the slack where the residents feel local authorities are failing and the group has the goal of simply making Milton a better place to live but feel they are under resourced and insufficiently funded for the challenges they face. The Love Milton mission statement is:

“Love Milton is a project developing new ways to empower our local community to deliver physical and social improvements in a sustainable manner with a lasting legacy of training, expertise and employability”

Beyond the actions of Love Milton there is a community garden that seeks to challenge supermarkets on quality and price of produce and uses local’s skills to do so. The project includes food growing, composting, recycling, landscaping, joinery, building and regular barbecues and community lunches. The site seeks to accommodate old and young in the Milton community and includes a memorial garden to remember loved ones.

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History and Stories

Figure 56: Milton Community Garden advert

Figure 57: Milton Community Garden

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Booklet No.2

Forgotten Milton

Something of a bone of contention in Milton is the way the area is represented in the media - or indeed lack of representation thereof. The settlement is somewhat hidden in the north Glasgow landscape - perhaps a product of its isolated design and relatively short history as a residential area. When it comes to service provision it is no secret that Miltoners feel they are under-resourced and underrepresented but some feel this is exacerbated by Milton being overshadowed by its neighbours as well as the various other deprived areas in the city when it comes to media attention.

It is because of this that some feel they are far less likely to be considered when it comes to resources allocation, development projects and funding.

This could be because other areas are larger, longer established and have more impact of surrounding areas as they are typically more interconnected with other parts of the city. Marina the LoveMilton ambassador said that this often leads to local authorities to focus on these other areas because they will be seen to be tackling the more public cases of need in the city. This is something which has been reflected in the results of the Milton Talks survey; of the things people would ‘like to see changed’ the most common was categorised as ‘local amenities’ closely followed by ‘opportunities’. The publication quotes some residents directly and among these is one saying they want ‘more investment. No money goes to Milton - it all goes to Maryhill, Possil and Sprungburn’.

What Milton Wants

An earlier residents survey prior to Milton Talks, also by LoveMilton has revealed what the locals want and the results are clear. The committee made up of about 95% Milton residents shows overwhelmingly that most of the youth in Milton want a swimming pool as currently the closest facilities are Maryhill (up to 3.5 miles) and Springburn (up to 2.5 miles). Beyond this the primary desire for the community as whole is a community space - young and old are feeling the void of their community hub demolished in 2015 ( it had been out of use for much longer.) The ARC (Ashgill Recreation Centre) is praised for its efforts with the community but this is largely sports based.

Furthermore there is a demand for more houses. At first this seems something of an anomaly - why would an area already struggling for resources want to increase its population? But the answer is simple, and it links to a previous point about Milton’s sense of community and its heritage; demolition of undesirable tenement tower blocks has displaced people, many of whom feel a strong connection with Milton as it is their home, all they have known, where their families still reside and somewhere where they had very much taken ownership of. These residents have been scattered to all corners of the city where available housing stock is, but many want to return to the Milton and be back in their community with their families.

Another desire of Miltoner’s is one that stems from some of the problematic social struggles in the area. The area lacks sufficient health infrastructures with little support for addiction - no clinics, poor access to healthcare farther afield and seemingly no specifically tailored social work to the settlements needs. Substance abuse and addiction also exacerbate the lack of facilities for Milton’s youth as children of parents with addiction are left with little stimulation - particularly during school holidays.

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Figure 58: Posters from Love Milton Centre

Figure 59: Posters from Love Milton Centre

Figure 60: Posters from Love Milton Centre

Figure 61: Posters from Love Milton Centre

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Conclusions

To conclude, the most important thing that came through this research is the fact that Milton was formed as a result of Glasgow’s postwar overcrowding and slum clearance interventions. Therefore developments like Milton were conceived to move people out to the suburbs.

Although the development was meant to be a desirable destination for the people of Glasgow, the ones that have moved out to Milton have been dissappointed time and time again with the lack of jobs and services.

Therefore, Milton’s development has gotten to a point of stagnation.

Also, a Love Milton ambassador has described Milton as a transition place rather than a destionation. As Milton lies between more developed districts - Bishopbrigs, Possil and Springburn - it is easy to see how Milton became an isolated community that struggles to develop and attract people. Moreover the infrastructure of Milton is also an impediment when it comes to establishing better links between neighbouring communities.

The community in Milton complains mostly about the lack of jobs, which has driven many to either seek jobs outside their community or fall into destructive habits such as alcohol or drug absue or crime. Milton also lacks healthcare facilities , something that is so crucial in a place where alcohol and drug addition is on the rise. In order to get access to clinics, people of Milton have to travel to neighbouring districts.

Although Milton has 3 primary schools it has no secondary schools, therefore children have to travel by bus to High Park Secondary School or to Springburn Academy. Moreover the bus scheduling is such that it is very easy for pupils to miss their bus, therefore being forced to rely on a relative with a car or walking.

The problems of Milton are intensified by the land division that Liddesdale Road creates, separating the area into north and south.

Although this is a physical separator, it permeates deeper into the fabric of the society. Most of the 7000 population live in the north part of Milton - where the 6 multi-storey “tower blocks” as well as most of the flat blocks are located. The division is problematic from a social point of view as most of Milton’s services are in the south area of Milton-two of the 3 schools, the ARC (Ashgill Recreation Centre), most of the areas churches, the library, gym, dental practice as well as the only restaurant/cafe.

The difficulty of access to these facilities is exacerbated for the elderly and disabled almost non-existent bus routes, no trains and a large hill.

The interventions that will be made in Milton should aim to open up Liddlesdale road and provide a “High Street” where the main facilities can be located, so that it would be accessible for people living on either side of this. As Liddlesdale Road has so far acted as a separator, a strategy should be put in place to create a better connection between the north and south.

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List of Figures Figure 1: Location of Milton in relation to Glasgow, Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives, Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . 5 Figure 2: Slums in Glasgow, Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schoolradio/subjects/history/britainsince1930s/society/slum_conditions_3 (Accessed on 25.10.2016) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Figure 3: Slums in Glasgow, Available: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3271583/A-bleak-portrait-Dickensian-povertyGlasgow-s-slums-1970s-Photos-families-living-one-room-without-running-water-electricity-rats-rubble-50-yearsago.html (Accessed on 25.10.2016). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Figure 4: Protesters taking the streets of Glasgow, Available: https://rs21.org.uk/2015/06/12/1915-glasgow-rent-strike-howworkers-fought-and-won-over-housing/ (Accessed on 15.10.2016). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Figure 5: Aerial view of newly developed Milton, Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Figure 6: 1860’s Map showing the location of the future “Milton” with it current boundary, Map showing the location of the future “Milton” with its current boundary, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Figure 7: Milton TImeline, Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Figure 8: Map of Milton - 1860’s NTS, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author . . . . . . . . 14 Figure 9: Map of Milton - 1910’s NTS, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author . . . . . . . . 15 Figure 10: Map of Milton - 1930’s NTS, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author . . . . . . . 16 Figure 11: Map of Milton - 1950’s NTS, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author. . . . . . . . 17 Figure 12: Map of Milton - 1960’s NTS, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author . . . . . . . 18 Figure 13: Map of Milton - 1980’s NTS, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author . . . . . . . 19 Figure 14: Map of Milton - 1990’s NTS, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author . . . . . . . 20 Figure 15: Map of Milton - Present Day NTA, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author. . . 21 Figure 16: 1860 map showing the empty site of future Milton, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited

by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Figure 17: 1930 map showing few developments along Liddesdale Road, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Figure 18: 1950 map showing few developments along Liddesdale Road, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Figure 19: 1960 Map showing the developed “doll houses”, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited

by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Figure 20: 1980 map showing division in Milton, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author.31 Figure 21: The branch within Glasgowfrom Maryhill to Port Dundas showing Ruchill Church (left),Available: https://upload. wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Ruchill_Church_at_canal.jpg/1280px-Ruchill_Church_at_canal. jpg, (Accessed on 14.10.2016). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Figure 22: Forth and Clyde Canal bank (right), Available: http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/scotlandshistory/makingindustrialurban/forthclydecanal/index.asp (Accessed on 04.10.2016) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Figure 23: Forth and Clyde Canal running from Bowling to Grangemouth, Available: http://oldglasgow.tumblr.com/ post/54265278440/the-penal-colony-of-the-north-the-forth-clyde (Accessed on 24.10.2016). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Figure 24: Timeline of development of Clyde, Available: https://www.scottishcanals.co.uk/heritage/forth-clyde-canal/ (Accessed on 7.10.2016) Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Figure 25: Walter Neilson and James Mitchell, Available: http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/south-eastern-railway-4-4-0-locomotive-no-442-class-b-built-news-photo/102728873#south-eastern-railway-440-locomotive-no442-class-b-built-by-neilson-picture-id102728873 (Accessed on 11.10.2016). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Figure 26: Saracen Foundry, Available: http://glasgowpunter.blogspot.co.uk/2016/02/ruchill-lambhill-possil%20park-cadder. html (Accessed on 10.10.2016) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Figure 27: Lambhill Ironworks, Available: http://www.theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSE00679 (Accessed on 11.10.2016). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Figure 28: Location of historical open quarries in Milton, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Figure 29: St. Monica’s Milton Primary, Google Maps, Aerial View.Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Figure 30: Rosevale School, Available: http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/62174 (Accessed on 01.12.2016). . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Figure 31: Ambrose Primary School, Google Maps Aerial View. Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Figure 32: Miltonbank Primary School, Google Maps Aerial View. Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Figure 33: Glasgow School for the Deaf, Google Maps, Aerial View. Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Figure 34: Map showing location of primary existing primary schools and demolished schools, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

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Figure 35: St. Augustine’s Secondary (demolished 2010), Available: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2e/d3/ ce/2ed3cea45e2d9e24d1fa00fb4d6e4d27.jpg (Accessed on 15.11.2016). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Figure 36: Milton School (closed 2016), Google Street View, Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Figure 37: St. Joan of Arc Special School (demolished 2010), Google Maps Aerial View. Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Figure 38: Map showing location of demolished secondary schools, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam.

Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Figure 39: Location of Possil Railway Station, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author. . 44 Figure 40: Possil Railway Station Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PossilStn1.JPG/1280px-PossilStn1.JPG (Accessed on 25.11.2016). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Figure 41: Possil Railway Station as seen from Balmore Road, Available: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/43/08/0e/43080e500701a5ac95c7932899d10f76.jpg (Accessed on 4.11.2016) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Figure 42: View from the platform of the Possil station (1960), Available: source: https://www.railscot.co.uk/imageenlarge/imagecomplete.php?id=53837 (Accessed on 17.11.2016). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Figure 43: View of the community centre before its demolishion,Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Figure 44: 1990 historical Map showing location of Community Centre, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Figure 45: Current location of the former Milton Community Centre, Google Maps Aerial View, Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . 48 Figure 46: Community centre floor plan, Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Figure 47: Proposed community centre on Skerray Street, Photograph taken by Author at Love Milton Centre. . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Figure 48: Forth and Clyde Canal shown in relation to Milton, Available: http://www.jamescanalpages.org.uk/forthclyde.php (Accessed on 10.10.2016). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Figure 49: Location of high rises, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Figure 50: Photograph of dance show, Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Figure 51: Photograph of dance show, Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Figure 52: Photograph of Carol Docherty being presented with flowers, Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives. . . . . . . . 55 Figure 53: Photography of dance show, Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Figure 54: Location of former “Glen Douglas” pub, Maps downloaded from Edina Digimaps Historical Roam. Edited by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Figure 55: Sketch of Glen Douglas pub Milton Library & Learning Centre Archives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Figure 56: Milton Community Garden advert, photograph taken by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Figure 57: Milton Community Garden, photograph taken by Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Figure 58: Posters from Love Milton Centre, photograph taken by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Figure 59: Posters from Love Milton Centre, photograph taken by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Figure 60: Posters from Love Milton Centre, photograph taken by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Figure 61: Posters from Love Milton Centre, photograph taken by Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

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History and Stories

References

ABACUS, S., 2004. TheGlasgowStory: Rent strike. [online] Theglasgowstory.com. Available at: <http://www.theglasgowstory. com/image/?inum=TGSE00908> [Accessed 4 Dec. 2016].

Aitken, I., 2016. Intermediate Geography Human Environments: Urban Change. 1st ed. [ebook] Glasgow: Iain Aitken, pp.1113. Available at: <http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/images/GeogHumanEnviroIntV2_tcm4-372369.pdf> [Accessed 7 Nov. 2016].

Anderson, D. and Langston, K., 2014. Scottish railways. 1st ed. Wharncliffe, 2014.

Burrowes, J., 2011. Irish: The Remarkable Saga of a Nation and a City. 1st ed. Edinburgh: Random House, 2011.

Butt, R., 1995. The directory of railway stations. 1st ed. Sparkford: Stephens.

Education Scotland, 2016. Forth and Clyde Canal - Making of industrial and urban Scotland - Scotland’s History. [online] Educationscotland.gov.uk. Available at: <http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/scotlandshistory/makingindustrialurban/forthclydecanal/index.asp> [Accessed 4 Dec. 2016].

Goodman, D. and Chant, C., 1999. European cities & technology. 1st ed. London: Routledge in association with the Open University, p.67.

Hansard, 1935. HOUSING (SCOTLAND) BILL. (Hansard, 10 July 1935). [online] hansard.millbanksystems.com. Available at: <http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1935/jul/10/housing-scotland-bill-1> [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016].

Historic Environment Scotland, 2016. 479 Balmore Road, Former Possil Railway Station. [online] Portal.historicenvironment. scot. Available at: <http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB33744> [Accessed 4 Dec. 2016].

MacDonald, R (1935) 1935 Conservative Party Manifesto – conservativemanifesto.com (online) Available at http://www.conservativemanifesto.com/1935/1935-conservative-manifesto.shtml (Accessed 29/10/2016) MacKenzie, J., 1999. “The second city of the Empire”. 1st ed.

Maver, I., 2016. TheGlasgowStory: 1914 to 1950s. [online] Theglasgowstory.com. Available at: <http://www.theglasgowstory. com/story/?id=TGSE0> [Accessed 4 Dec. 2016].

Mitchell, D., 2009. Macfarlane’s castings. 1st ed. Edinburgh: Historic Scotland, Technical Conservation Group.

Moss, M., n.d. TheGlasgowStory: 1914 to 1950s: Industry and Technology. [online] Theglasgowstory.com. Available at: <http://www.theglasgowstory.com/story/?id=TGSEE> [Accessed 4 Dec. 2016].

Nicolson, M. and O’Neill, M., 1987. Glasgow : locomotive builder to the world. 1st ed. Edinburgh [etc.]: Polygon Book [etc.].

Old Glasgow Pubs, 2016. Glen Douglas. [online] Oldglasgowpubs.co.uk. Available at: <http://www.oldglasgowpubs.co.uk/ glendouglas.html> [Accessed 4 Dec. 2016].

Priestley, J., 1969. Priestley’s navigable rivers and canals. 1st ed. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.

Thorsheim, P., 2006. Inventing pollution. 1st ed. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, pp.4-5.

Travel Scotland, 2015. Scottish History. [online] Scotland.org.uk. Available at: <http://www.scotland.org.uk/history/rise-glasgow> [Accessed 4 Dec. 2016].

U.K. Census, 2001. 2001 Census and earlier- Office for National Statistics. [online] Ons.gov.uk. Available at: <https://www. ons.gov.uk/census/2001censusandearlier> [Accessed 4 Dec. 2016].

W, Hamish Fraser (no date) Second City of the Empire: 1830s to 1914 (theglasgowstory.com) Available at: http://www. strath.ac.uk/media/ps/isd/libraryinformationresources/Creating_references_for_business_2015__vers_4.pdf (Accessed: 28/10/2016)

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Booklet No.2

J, Cunnison, J.B.S. Gilfillan (1958) The City of Glasgow: The Third Statistical Account of Scotland. London: Collins Anon, (2016) North British Locomotive Company Collection (PDF) Available at: (Accessed 02/11/2016)

I, Maver (no date) No Mean City: 1914 to 1950s - theglasgowstory.com (online) Available at http://www.theglasgowstory.com/ story/?id=TGSE0 (Accessed 04/11/2016) MacDonald, R (1935) 1935 Conservative Party Manifesto – conservativemanifesto.com (online) Available at http://www.conservativemanifesto.com/1935/1935-conservative-manifesto.shtml (Accessed 29/10/2016) Love Milton (no date) Making Milton the Best Place to Live … Ever. Glasgow: LoveMilton Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (2012) Local Authority Summary – SIMD 2012 – Glasgow City. Gov.Scot (PDF) Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0041/00410731.pdf (Accessed 11.11.2016) Understanding Glasgow (no date) Understanding Glasgow: The Glasgow Indicators Project - Lambhill and Milton. Understandingglasgow.com (PDF) Available at: http://www.understandingglasgow.com/assets/0002/1262/Lambhill_and_Milton. pdf (Accessed 09.11.2016)

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