Milton | Experiencing the City | Analysis

Milton Booklet No.4

Stage

Package

Analysis

Experiencing the City

Anastasia Izhikova, Rafaela Moyseos, Tea Tvrdeic, Ruizhe Wang Urban Design Studies Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, September - October 2016

First stage of the design process was analysis of the site, split in five different topics. Our 4 people team worked on 'Experiencing the City' package. We all came with varying backgrounds, but with the same goal. The group worked for four weeks consistently, building up the analysis report through series of site inspections, surveying the residents, meetings and discussions. All the tasks for maps production were split evenly throughout the process according to the individual preference of the topic and/or background experience.

Site visits reviled a number of problems in Milton, which were later on mapped and backed by statistics.

Throughout the analysis process we learned how to approach the site not only from the professional's position, but also from the residents view point. This approach established important understanding of the internal value of Milton, even though on the scale of Glasgow it can't be classified as an exciting vibrant area. Thus, it was crucial to find out not only obvious weaknesses, but also strengths of this neighborhood and see it through the eyes of the glaswegian.

Several developed tools and techniques of assessment were used for the evaluation and mapping current situation in Milton in terms qualit Tea acting as our community spokes-person and did a surveys of the residents about the overall feeling and the of area quality. change they want to see here as well as mapping fear/safety zones. Ruizhe work on connections to the neighboring districts and internal connections, moreover accessibility of the services. Rafaella tried to estimate how the place is kept and maintained, if the streets are working as a public space. Anastasia observed the differences between streets, overall legibility and imageability of the study area. On the other hand, in some points we had to work together as a team. We all assess the area regarding to Kevin Lynch method of mental mapping. In addition, we worked together on defining the character areas as well as comparing places part of the analysis where the aim was to place Milton in the scale of Glasgow and compare it to the historical parts of the city and parts that were built simultaneously. In the end, it’s hard to say who did exactly what, we have all contributed and give our best to create a consistent final project.

Tea Tvrdeić, Anastasia Izhikova, Rafaella Moiseos, Ruizhe Wang

Booklet No.4

Introduction The relationship between people and space they occupy and use is quite important. The way we use and maintain the place is a key element to our perception and understanding the place, thus, ultimately, to the mental image it creates. Whether it appears as linear or spread, structured or chaotic, legible or dull, vibrant or bleak, it creates a certain image and a feeling which we translate to day-to-day life. The place has a direct and indirect influence on our lifestyle, sense of pride and belonging, our social positions and general well-being.

Main idea behind this package was to use developed tools and techniques of assessment and map current situation in Milton in terms of area quality - visual quality, safety, internal connectivity and accessibility, maintenance, evaluate and conclude what is valuable and good and what exactly needs an improvement.

Moreover, it is important to understand the study area by comparing the subjective knowledge of the place coming from the inhabitants and your own experience, with the more objective knowledge coming from systematic map measurements.

Authors Tea Tvrdeic

landscape architect; Urban Design, University of Strathclyde

Ruizhe Wang

landscape architect; Urban Design, University of Strathclyde

Rafaella Moiseos

architect; Urban Design, University of Strathclyde

Anastasia Izhikova

architect; Urban Design, University of Strathclyde

Experiencing the City

Contents Introduction

1

Experiencing Place Kevin Lynch

3

Professionals’ perception

4

Residents’ perception

7

Character Area

9

Perceiving and observing

13

Fear map

13

Mainteinance

21

Permeability

25

Legibility and Imageability

29

Comparing Place Connectivity and accessibility

33

Graph and Conclusion

35

Conclusion

37

References

39

2

Booklet No.4

Kevin Lynch

To start our experiencing place part, first of all we prepared 2 mental maps. In this case we call them Kevin Lynch maps in regard to Kevin Lynch method.

To get as much as possible realistic picture of the place we prepare professional and residents’ perception of the place. In term of professional map each member of the group make 1 mental map and in the end we overlay all ours map to get one.

On the other hand, we made a questioner for residents, group their answers and in the end point out 4 most typical decisions of how they imagine our study area.

Kevin Lynch method Kevin Lynch was an American urban planner. His book ‘’The image of the city’’ become popular all over the world. From the field-research, what evidently arises is that each individual image constitutes a connection between urban forms and what is, on a more global extent, the public image.

Each of those images is constructed and relying on the 5 elements already mentioned, which are: paths (the channel of the observer), edges (breaking in continuity with the surrounding area), districts (elements within which we spot a common character), nodes (strategic points), landmarks (external references).

The importance of visual communication in the urban space, which brings together individuals, experience and planners in order for them to communicate on a common thread.

3

Experiencing the City

Mental map: professional’s perception

Student 1

Figure 1: Kevin Lynch –student one

Figure 2: Kevin Lynch –student tow

Figure 3: Kevin Lynch –student three

Figure 4: Kevin Lynch –student four

Milton is a problematic and undeveloped area with no connections places and social spaces. In my opinion, there are some places which can be characterized as landmarks. The first impression is that the bus station area is the central point of Milton and the industrial area looks like to not belong in it. The educational garden, football field, shops, public square, canal and the Glasgow Milton center are some focal points of interest.

Student 3 The image of the Milton area is instantly defined by many boundaries, such as wild vegetation, changes in terrain, buildings, roads etc., six towers with flats and huge green grassy areas, which are not maintained. It is balso perceived bas a cul-de-sack of Ashghill broad bwith no obvious connection to any other surrounding area. Two main vehicular/ pedestrian paths inside can be identified along with few minor others. There are several landmarks in here, such as public garden, churches and shops, which togheter with main paths intersections formnods, but in general area does not show distinctive features. Some parts of it on the North and in the middle can be perceived as unified blocks,but mostly it feels very scattered.

Student 2

In my opinion, the Milton can be divided into 4 parts: 1 industrial area and 3 different levels of residential areas.

The landmarks I think are gym & library, bus station, football field, recreation centre and community centre. The north area is much poorer and dirtier than south area. For example the street in north is quite narrow and the north is noisier than south. In addition, the main roads are cross the area from north to south and west to east.

Student 4 My vision of this place is that whole area is divided and do not work like an ensemble. For me, landmarks of this place are shops and bus station, community garden, Milton canter, football playground and a few smaller like different types of the buildings in the north. There is a huge difference between north and south and for me those are to different districts. In addition, there are few bigger nodes approximately on the same locations as landmarks because area is not developed enough. The top of the hill in the middle of Milton make an impression of the edge. East part of the neighborhood, industrial area, visually is not a real part of the Milton and there is the other edge on my map.

4

Booklet No.4

Professionals’ perception, overlapped map

According to those mental maps, we have created overall map, where the images of Milton overlay and create combined image of the place. It identifies two major nods Liddlesdale square and Scaraway street, and a few minor such as Balmore Industrial district or Milton Club areas, landmarks like six towers or churches. Apart from the Shieldaig and Balmore, which are detached, you can’t clearly identify districts, however, you can perceive some parts of Milton as a unite semi-districts.

The edge is defined by the canal, open countryside, Ashgill road and railway and a change in the terrain on the Liddesdale road. There are also few minor edges inside the area. Liddesdale, Birsay and Ashgill roads as well as Scaraway street are identified as main paths along with Egilsay or Castlebay as a minor ones.

5

Experiencing the City

Figure 5: Kevin Lynch, the professionals’ perception, overlapped map

Fig. X: xxx

6

Booklet No.4

Residents’ perception, overlapped map

This step in mental mapping was challenging one. In order for better understanding the place for our project we mapped residents’ image and feeling about the area and what are the main differences in viewpoints. We pick people from different parts of the Milton and conclude that image of the place strongly depends on the place where they live and which places they use, moreover they do not create the image of the whole place.

Resident 1

Important thing in resident’s mental maps is where they live. The main paths for first respondent are those which he choose every day to his job.

The paths that they do not use every day they do not perceived like something they need in the area. In addition, district for examinee mean the area where he live because he spend there a lot of time and he like to be there. For the boundary of Milton he accept our study area but he strongly disagree that industrial area is part of his neighborhood. For the landmark he marked the area which is important for him and in this case it is area of the ‘main’ square and the shops.

Resident 2

Second examinee mentioned area where he live as one special area too. For him, landmark of the Milton is the Milton center with the gym, library and first aid. Nodes for him are places which people really need so he selected the two areas with shops and bus station as his nodes. He also perceived the paths as the roads which he use to the shop or on the way to his job and he doesn’t like to use other way and roads. Although he motioned different things from the other examinee, on thing is the same, he also think that the industrial area is not part of the Milton, so he put edge between those two areas.

7

Experiencing the City

Scaraway street bus station

Liddesdale square Liddesdale road

Ashgill road

Figure 6: Kevin Lynch, residents’ perception, overlapped map

Resident 3

This is a lady who has a 2 years old baby. She lives opposite the library and beside the bus station. She thinks the landmark in Millton is library and recreation centre Arc which is in the southeast of Milton. She has a car and the road she uses usually is in front of her house. She believes that the boundary of the Milton is except the industrial area because it is not residential area and noisy. The most useful place she thinks is the public football field, it is quiet busy especially in the weekends. And the wide lawn makes local people feel fresh and satisfied. On the other hand, the area she thinks which is on the north of Milton is a mess and noisy. It is beside the bus station and shops, many young people are used to smoking and drinking.

Resident 4

In this map, a teenager parts of the Milton and her valuable places are the open and the Glasgow club Milton

girl was asked to identify the most important places of interest. According to her the most green spaces, the playgrounds, the countryside where she spent the most of her time.

Overall, what we found interesting is that several things repeat such as edge between living and industrial area, Liddesdale square and Scaraway street as a nodes and Liddesdale and Ashgill roads as a paths.

8

Booklet No.4

Character

Image 1: Shieldaig area

Image 2: Castelbay area

Image 3: Castelbay area

Image 4: Liddesdale area

Image 5: Castelbay area

Image 6: Torogay area

Image 7: industrial area (Balmore)

Image 8: industrial area (Balmore)

9

Experiencing the City Planning Framework

CHARACTER AREAS

Figure 7: Character area map

Four main areas are perceived as a completely different part of Milton.

Shieldaig area of semi-detached houses is located on the North-West of Milton and separated from it by natural barriers, such as trees, terraces and the river, which creates quiet atmosphere in there. It is mostly well maintained and has an overall decent quality of paving and facades. Private gardens here are looked after and carry personal touch of their owners, complimenting and decorating the neighborhood. The view to the North of the area is blocked by inconveniently closely located power plant.

Castlebay-Torogay part of Milton is most diverse in terms of typology of the buildings and use of land. It contains six towers, terrace houses, detached houses and 4 storey blocks of flats. Big parts of land in here are neglected or not maintained properly which creates low-safety people unfriendly image of the place. Lack of parking spaces and littering is at a high level. At the same time, some streets are decorated with very nice private gardens.

The south part of Milton, Liddesdale, is distinct from all others mainly because of the change in the terrain, as it is located on the other hillside and descent towards Ashgill road, in addition to the huge parts of empty land, either used as a football fields or just empty lots for re-development. Overall definition of place is mostly absent. There is perceived lack of children’s playgrounds, services or parking spaces for residents in here.

Balmore Industrial Estate is located on the West of Milton; it is a big part of it, yet very detached and overall unfriendly.

It mainly consists of modern industrial storages or small plants, continues fences or huge parking lots, which defy human scale.

The area itself is pedestrian unfriendly and represents a huge barrier for permeability.

Unfortunately, there is little overall diversity to the area and it feels scattered and torn apart by the great number of vacant land.

10

Booklet No.3 No.4

AREA 1 - SHIELDAIG 1. This neighborhood is a new built area and well maintained. It is clean with good-looking and cared gardens. The roads are safe for cycling and with lot of green zones. In addition to this, the whole area is quite, friendly and safe for children’s activities. The area has great views to the canal and countryside.

2. This area is well maintained. Type of building is very similar so it looks like ensemble. Roads are wide and greenery is maintained. Whole area is quiet and safe. The biggest disadvantage of this area is proximity of power plant. Sometimes, you can’t distinguish the boundary between private and public land.

3. This area is a new housing estate. All terraced houses have same structure but different design for yard and exterior elevation. The roads are quite wide and clean, and there are enough places for car parking. Great community management and self-awareness of residents make this area more beautiful and safe. When you walk in this area, you could not hear any noise. There is a river behind the neighborhood, so people have also a good view there.

4. The area of semi-detached houses is located on the North-West of Milton and separated from it by natural barriers, such as trees, terraces and the river, which creates quiet atmosphere in there. It is mostly well maintained and has an overall decent quality of paving and facades. Private gardens here are looked after and carry personal touch of their owners, complimenting and decorating the neighborhood. The view to the North of the area is blocked by inconveniently closely located power plant.

AREA 2 - CASTELBAY - TOROGAY 1. This area is the central point of Milton however has a lot of problems.

It seems unsafe, unfriendly and neglected. The roads are a bit thick without parking spaces, and dirty areas. One of the benefit of this area is that, there are lots of open green spaces and playgrounds for children.

2. This is the most problematic area of Milton where a lot of people feel unsafe and uncomfortable. The bus station is not regulated properly as one of the most important spot in whole settlement. On the other hand this is the area with most of kids playground. There are few neglected buildings and paths. Type of housing are approximately the same but roads are narrow and without parking places.

3. This area has so many problems and complaints. People should pay more attention and improve this area as soon as possible. The litters and puddles can be seen everywhere because there are a few rubbish bins and drains. The cars are parked in narrow and crowded streets, due to there are not enough car parks. Children play in the dangerous road, and teenagers drink and smoke in the public areas. Old buildings are idle for a long time.

4. This part of Milton is most diverse in terms of typology of the buildings and use of land. It contains six towers, terrace houses, detached houses and 4 storey blocks of flats. Big parts of land in here are neglected or not maintained properly which creates low-safety people unfriendly image of the place. Lack of parking spaces and littering is at a high level. At the same time, some streets are decorated with very nice private gardens.

11

Figure 8: Shieldag area diagram

Figure 9: Castlebay area diagram

Experiencing the City Planning Framework

Figure 10: Liddesday area diagram

Figure 11: Balmore area diagram

Booklet No.4

AREA 3 - LIDDESDALE 1. The typology of buildings is different from the others areas.

Buildings are relatively new with cared private gardens. It seems a quiet and safe area. Closed to this area is the Glasgow club of Milton, shops, the educational center, a public square and the football field.

2. Area is quiet. Roads are narrow and there are luck of car parks especially around the football playgrounds. Buildings are almost the same and private gardens are well maintained. Area is safer than the north part of Milton. Although this is quiet nice part, we can notice some appropriate functions like a car wash in front of housing areas.

3. The area is quite big and open. It has large public area which is football field and there are also gym, library, king garden and shops over here. The vehicle street is wide and clean, but connectivity is bad.

Therefore, if people focus on the permeability and connectivity this place will be better.

4. The south part of Milton is distinct from all others mainly because of the change in the terrain, as it is located on the other hillside and descent towards Ashgill road, in addition to the huge parts of empty land, either used as a football fields or just empty lots for re-development.

Overall definition of place is mostly absent. There is perceived lack of children’s playgrounds, services or parking spaces for residents in here.

AREA 4 - BALMORE 1. The industrial area has lots of workshops, some of them are in out of order. It is a noisy area due to the factory and it is not safe place, especially at afternoon and night.

2. Industrial area that most of the population of Milton do not count as a part of their neighborhood. Area is full of warehouses and problem is that some of them are neglected and unsafe. Although there is kindergarten and cafĂŠ nobody goes deep to the industrial area.

3. This area is industrial area which has many workshops. It is noisy because it own and it is beside the vehicle street. Although the area looks no good, residents think it has lots of functions.

4. Balmore Industrial Estate is located on the West of Milton; it is a big part of it, yet very detached and overall unfriendly. It mainly consists of modern industrial storages or small plants, continues fences or huge parking lots, which defy human scale. The area itself is pedestrian unfriendly and represents a huge barrier for permeability.

12

Booklet No.4

Fear Map Objective fear map

Figure 12: Objective fear map

13

Experiencing the Experiencing theCity City Planning Framework

Image 9: Scaraway Street

Image 10: Scaraway Street

Image 11: Scaraway Street (bus station)

Image 12: Torogay area

Image 13: Scaraway area

Image 14: Liddesdale area

Image 15: Westray area

Image 16: Balmore area

Image 17: Balmore area

An overall impression of the degree of safety and personal comfort of the Milton area is not satisfactory. A map indicates the areas where one feels more or less safe walking/being. In this objective map we use several factors to explore the area in regard to safety. Some of those were signs of vandalism on the streets such as broken glass, litter, murals, bottles, cigarettes etc. Except only physical things that we found, we were trying to map where people hanging in the group and how it affect the safety.

From the perspective of visitors and at the same time objective professional view on the safety of the place Milton as a whole is perceived as quiet unsafe neighborhood. If we start to separate area in the smaller parts, not to generalize, northern Milton is more insecure then the south.

Industrial area is the darkest place, insufficient street light, unsafe with no escape routs. Some of neglected whoever use leave the feeling as an empty dangerous place.

14 17

Booklet No.4

Crime is a social phenomenon which evokes fear as a consequence, and this fear of crime affects people not only at their place of residence or work, but also while moving around their homes. Higher fear of crime is associated with less cycling and walking, increased use of private transport, and can act as a barrier to travel.

Considering Milton as a neighborhood settled away from the city centre the occurrence of such places is expected. Objective map or our own opinion about danger and safe zones is not sufficient to solve a problem, that is why we made a questionnaire among residents. Sense of security and insecurity in study area strongly depends on a specific site. Perceived “fear maps� are based on answers gathered by local respondent instead of statistics or official sources.

Residents 1

Figure 13: Fear map-resident 1

15

Figure 14: Fear map-resident 2

Figure 15: Fear map-resident 3

Figure 16: Fear map-resident 4

Experiencing the City

Figure 17: Fear map-residents of the southern of MiltonFigure

Figure 18: Fear map-residents of the northern of Milton

16

Booklet No.4

Perceived fear map

majority considered as the most dangerous and unsafe place in the whole Milton, gathering of the vandal groups and alcoholics

neglected buildins, signs of vandalism, groups of problematic people, make this place unsafe in the opinion of residents

industrial part of the neighborhood, majority don’t accept as a part of Milton but they are not afraid of character of the place

residents complain of insufficiently street light, avoiding using this path in the evening, empty street, sometimes no escape routs

each respondent mark this part as a safe zone of Milton, although some people selected road on the south as a danger through the night

17

Experiencing the City

residence of examinee safe zones danger zones Figure 19: Perceived fear map-overlapped residents perception

18

Booklet No.4

Overlapped fear map

In conclusion, biggest difference between objective and residents map is opinion about industrial area. While we argue that industrial area has bad characteristic in view of safety, majority of residents affirm that industrial area doesn’t make the same feeling for them. In addition, respondents mentioned several streets as potentially danger that we did not noticed. Overall, northern part of Milton is more dangerous than the south for both.

19

Experiencing the City Planning Framework

Figure 20: Overlapped fear map-professionals’ and residents’

20

Booklet No.4

Maintenance This state of maintenance and personalization of an area can be very useful for urban designers and for the future development of Milton. This research about the study area, has in fact demonstrated that high levels of personalization can be both signal of poor acceptance of the place or the differing that the management and guidelines of spaces, including the service of maintenance, friendly environment and safety. Also the possibility to use indoor and outdoor spaces for social activities which grows from their state of maintenance, are factors that can satisfy the need for creativity in the area they live.

As well, factors as maintenance of the house, gardens and neighborhood, the relationships with the neighbors, participation in neighborhood activities and exercises are among the factors most regarded by people about their residential settings demonstrated that the three principal factors touching the view of neighborhood quality were social prestige .

To conclude Milton is an area with lots of social problems. There are not much social places and spaces for people activities. Milton has some good looking areas.

For examples the areas of the edge of that is nearest to the centre of Glasgow. The other areas seem poor care and unfriendly for locals and visitors. The first impression is that people they don’t maintenance the image of their area and they need few movements for regeneration.

21

Image 18: set of images (Liddesdale area)

Image 19: set of images (Liddesdale area)

Experiencing the City Planning Framework

Figure 21: Character areas map

Image 20: set of images (Torogay area)

Image 21: set of images (Castelbay area)

22

Booklet No.4

1. This neighborhood is a new built area and well maintained. It is clean area with good-looking and cared gardens. The roads are safe for cycling and with lot of green zones. The whole are is quite, calm, friendly and safe for children’s activities. The area has great views to the canal and countryside.

2|The industrial area has lots of workshops, some of them are in out of order. It is a noisy area due to the factory and it is not safe place, especially at the afternoon and night.

3|this neighborhood is well maintained. It is a clean with good-looking gardens. The roads are safe for cycling and with some green zones. The whole area is quite and safe for children. The area has view to the football field.

4| this area is well maintained and clean. The rods are quite safe. The whole area is quite, has a lots of activities and it is safe for children. This area is the educational and play area of Milton 5|This area is the center point of Milton however has a lot of maintenance problems. It seems unsafe, unfriendly and uncared. The roads are a bit thick without parking spaces and dirty areas. This point of Milton has lots of open space, playgrounds for children and view to countryside.

6|9|This area is not very friendly. This neighborhoods it seems unsafe and uncared. The houses are old and the gardens are dirty. The road is not safe for people.

7|In this area the buildings are different from the other areas, buildings are relatively new with cared private gardens. It seems a quiet and safe area for people. Closed to this area is the Glasgow club of Milton, shops, the educational center, a square and the football filed 8|This area has a lots of maintenance problems. It’s a poor neighborhood with empty open spaces, however it’s friendly area

23

Image 22: set of images (Castelbay area)

Image 23: set of images (Castelb

bay area)

Experiencing the City

Figure 22: Maintenance area map

Image 24: set of images (Castelbay area)

Image 25: set images (industrial area)

24

Booklet No.4

Permeability

Connectivity Some indicators can describe connectivity of t he p lac e. A net work is def ined a s t he interconnected system of elements: interpreted as the nodes and the connection as the link of the network.

Therefore, we mapped and count the number of the 4 - way inter sec t ions, 3 - way intersections and cul-de-sacs. The number of the streets intersections divided by sum of the number of intersections and the number of cul-de-sacs give us information about internal connectivity.

The higher is the rat io, the greater is the connectivity. In addition, we also did calculations on external links.

In Milton, the ratio of the internal connectivity is 0.8. It means that we need to work on urban blocks dimensions and positions. Moreover, number of cul-de-sacs is high, just over 21, what means that people don’t have many options to choose their way through the neighborhood.

25

Experiencing the City

Figure 23: Permeability map –connectivity

26

Booklet No.4

Accessibility Area A This quite noisy area has the most percentage of area reachable in 4 of sites. Due to the shops and bus station set here, there are the most segments streets. Therefore, the accessibility is great.

Area B This is a residential area to be demolished, the pharmacy and some shops are over here. The Scaraway Street which is the main street in Milton is located in this area. Meanwhile, the pharmacy is the only one in Milton, but this place accessibility is low for the residents.

Area C This area is certainly important in the Milton which is the gym and library. This educational area is the most useful place in most residents’ mind.

However, the ratio of the accessibility is low so it means that people are difficult to get there.

Area D The centre of this area is a square which is surrounded by buildings, shops and church.

Actually, it is not to maintained well by community.

As the one of a few parks in use in Milton, this place has some paths and vehicles streets link to other residential areas. After completion of pedshed analysis, the accessibility in this place is great.

27

C

Experiencing the City

A

B D

C

Figure 24: Permeability map- accessibility

28

Booklet No.4

Legibility and Imageability CRITERIA [SD] Street Definition street front is [defined/not defined] by buildings, trees, fences or other vertical border.

[VFaC] Visual Field And Complexity [plane/layered] street front; no. of reference points; - [qualitative/defective] design of the buildings, materials, details; [T] Transparency -[inhabited/partially deserted/ deserted public or private street no. of houses on the street; no. of buildings with boarded windows; [M] Maintenance -[well/ poorly] maintained: [no litter/ littered] of any sort; [smooth, clean, cared for/bad quality, old] paving, facades; lighting; [A] Accessibility and Diversity - No. of doors per 50 m of length - ‘24 h diversity’; - No. of buildings on the street with different function and social type; -No. of parking spaces per 50 m; -Density - more or less 15 units per acre; -no. of different types of buildings;

Street front analysis is specifying the degree of inconsistency and scatteredness appointing to the amount of place Milton on Glasgow scale among areas that were built at relatively same time, it is positioned at the end of this s some degree to it from pleasant to decent to bleak to uncomfortable which concludes that overall area isn’t that dre

29

Experiencing the City Planning Framework

Street front analysis

Figure 25: Imageability map

f missing street frontage or bleak and uncomfortable areas. If we scale as the lowest ranked area. In the internal scale there is also eadful but it needs a lot of improvement.

30

Booklet No.4

Figure 26: Shieldaig-imageability diagram

Figure 27: Castelbay-imageability diagram

Figur

LEGIBILITY

A designer can guide the mental structuring of a city’s image through form. The degree of clarity (in othe whole. By choreographing the forms of a city, a designer is molding the identity of the place. Given the crite (Shieldaig area, Castlebay, Torogay, Liddesdale, Balmore Industrial Estate) indicates low definition of the wh identity of the place.

Image 26: Shieldaig area

Image 27: Castelbay area

Figure 31: Shieldaig-legibility diagram

31

Image 28: Castelbay area

Image 29: Castelbay area

Figure 32: Castelbay- legibility diagram

Image 30: Torogay area

F

Experiencing the City

re 28: Torogay -imageability diagram

Figure 29: Liddesdale-imageability diagram

Figure 30: Balmore-imageability diagram

er words: legibility) of form manifests as the ability of the user to recognize the parts and synthesize a coherent eria of legibility, the language of design becomes of high importance. The analysis of the five selected sites hole Milton. With the very few internal landmarks, it has almost no character whatsoever proving the need of

Image 31: Torogay area

Figure 33: Torogay -legibility diagram

Image 32: Liddesdale area

Image 33: Liddesdale area

Figure 34: Liddesdale-legibility diagram

Image 34: Balmore area

Image 35: Balmore area

Figure 35: Balmore-legibility diagram

Figure 36: Road sections ( Shieldaig, Castelbay, Torogay, Liddesdale, Balmore)

32

Booklet No.4

Comparing Place 㠀

㜀

㘀

㔀

㐀

㌀

㈀

㄀

SITE 1 GEORGE SQUARE AREA

㄀

SITE 2 CENTRAL STATION AREA

㈀

㌀

㐀

㔀

㘀

㜀

㠀

number of blocks |40 average total block area |12580,34201 average total block lenght |180413.4497 block density ( total block area/ unit area(640000) =0.786

number of intersexction |55 within 400m |10 number of cul-de-sacs |9 number of vehicular|105 link to node ratio | vehicular/ intersections ( 105/52= 2.01)

number of blocks |36 average total block area |7028,8572 average total block lenght | 340,806017 block density ( total block area/ unit area(640000) =0.384

number of intersexction |55 within 400m |12 number of cul-de-sacs |5

㠀

㜀

㘀

㔀

㐀

㌀

㈀

㄀

SITE 3 Knightswood Secondary School Area

SITE 4 MILTON AREA 33

㄀

㈀

㌀

㐀

㔀

㘀

㜀

number of blocks |40 average total block area |11077sqm average total block lenght |0.45km block density ( total block area/ area(640000) =0.692

number of blocks |18 average total block area |30,234 sqm average total block lenght |0.86 km block density ( total block area/ area(640000) = 0.85

㠀

unit

unit

number of intersexction |50 within 400m |9 number of cul-de-sacs |15

number of intersexction |30 number of cul-de-sacs |10 number of vehicular|59 link to node ratio | vehicular/ intersections ( 59/30= 1.96)

Experiencing the City

strong grid pattern | 6 weak grid pattern |5 external connectivity-intersection |84.47m

street density (total number of linear extension/unit area)=7135.0006/640000 x 1000 =11.14km Stree network permebility (All possible vehicular movments at intersections-appr) =223

points

% of area reachable within 400 : 70 %

㠀

㠀

㠀

㜀

㜀

㜀

㘀

㘀

㘀

㔀

㔀

㔀

㐀

㐀

㐀

㌀

㌀

㌀

㈀

㈀

㈀

㄀

㄀

㄀

㄀

㈀

㌀

㐀

㔀

㘀

strong grid pattern |21 weak grid pattern |5 external connectivity-intersection |366,25m

strong grid pattern | 1 weak grid pattern |2 external connectivity-intersection |452.4m

strong grid pattern | 0 weak grid pattern |0 external connectivity 139.1m

㜀

㠀

㄀

㈀

㌀

㐀

㔀

㘀

㜀

㠀

㄀

㈀

㌀

㐀

㔀

㘀

㜀

% of area reachable within 400m : 90 %

points

street density (total number of linear extension/ unit area)= 7. 585 km Stree network permebility (All possible movments at intersections-appr) vehicular= 311 / pedestrian= 757

% of area reachable within 400m : 32.8 %

points

street density (total number of linear extension/ unit area) = 62.5km Stree network permebility (All possible vehicular movments at intersections-appr) =346

street density (total number of linear extension/ unit area)=6761/6400 =1056 Stree network permebility (All possible vehicular movments at intersections-appr) =160

% of area reachable within 200m : 14 % % of area reachable within 400m : 30 %

㠀

34

Booklet No.4 SITE 1 GEORGE SQUARE AREA George Squa re is Gla sgow ’s principa l urban space, and the acknowledged centre of the city’s public life. The Square is in the heart of Glasgow’s City Centre and can be easily accessed from a number of neighboring streets. This area characterized by the famous Victorian architecture of i t s m a ny s t re et s, s q ua re s a n d h i s to r i c a l monuments, telling a fascinating and influential past George Square and the surrounding buildings have a strong historical link with the development of science and technology in Glasgow. The area which examined is around the George square. The main element for accessibility and environment is the street network.

SITE 2 CENTRAL STATION AREA Area around Central station is in The City Centre of Glasgow. Station is the major mainline rail terminus in Glasgow and over 38 million people use it annually. Station and surrounding blocks have a long history (19 century). South of the area touching the river Clyde and include Glasgow waterfront with new business centres.

35

SITE 3 Knightswood Secondary School Area Knightswood Secondary School is a center landmark of this area. It is located in Knightswood in the west-end of Glasgow. It was not built until the 1950s, being opened on 10 October 1958 by John Maclay, Secretary of State for Scotland. It is now protected as a category B listed building.

Knightswood is surrounded by residential buildings and some public parks which is a strong connection between residents and education. The area which examined is around the Knightswood Secondary School.

SITE 4 MILTON AREA Milton is a district situated about 2.5 miles north of Glasgow City Centre. The construction of Milton started in the late 1940s as a part of a genera l p os t wa r c ons t r uc t ion pro gra mme

by Glasgow Corporation to deal with housing shortages and slum clearance. The district is bordered to the south and east by Ashgill Road. It is also bordered by Liddesdale Road, which had previously connected Colston to Balmore Road.

The initial scheme was completed in 1952. More housing was added in later years, including highrise flats in Castlebay Drive in the late 1960s.

Chart 1: no. blocks

Chart 2: av. blocks area, ha

Chart 3: av. Block length ,km

Chart 7: block density

Chart 8: no.of intersections

Chart 9:no.of cul-de-sacs

Experiencing the City Conclusion This part of analysis, comparing places, are made considering 4 places, same size, in Glasgow. Firstly, we choose 3 places regarding to historical evolution of the city and Milton as our study area. We were observing similarities and differences between George square and Central station (the pre-modern city), Knightswood Secondary School area (the modern city) and Milton in regard to connectivity and accessibility. If you go through our maps you will notice that we divided our set of maps and analysis in different indicators.

All in all, the things through the history changing negatively in case of connectivity and accessibility. We can drop off in the number of the blocks, as well as in intersections. That means that newer places as Milton is here, are offering less chance to people to choose their way of motion. In addition, we can say that grid pattern, whether it is strong or week, in urban forms is constantly weakens and disappearing. Important thing we notice is street network permeability, all possible movements at intersections that decreasing in vehicular and pedestrian motion. The last, and very important, indicator is PedShed analysis that visually presenting percentage of area reachable within certain area. Reachable area within 400 meters is only 14% comparing to the city centre where is approximately 80%. Milton definitely need improvements in all those indicators and changes in urban form.

Chart 4:av.block, length, km

Chart 5: external connectivity

Chart 6: strong grid pattern

Chart 10: weak grid pattern

Chart 11: street density

Chart 12:% reachable area within 400 m

36

Booklet No.4

Conclusion To conclude, we analyzed the data collected from the residents of Milton and prepared mental, character area, maintenance and street analysis maps and assessment. We have been able to find and categorized contain areas within our site boundary which show potentials for the future regeneration and development. We also made a comparative analysis from three different historical construction periods as follows: a. Historical area b. pre-modern city c. modern city d. Milton. The research was done on: A. the areas that perceived as unsafe and could be directly related to how badly they are maintained and user unfriendly. B. specific landmarks and nodes that would identify and characterize an individual district (Kevin lynch maps) C. Local boundaries, that act as physical barriers between communities and neighbourhoods. Finally, 'experiencing the city' analysis group found out that there is a community within each of the character areas of Milton, each with its own identity and characteristics; a separation between each areas is on of a major problem for the future regeneration within this community.

37

Experiencing the City

Bibliography Inquiry into Housing in Glasgow, & Glasgow (Scotland). Housing Department. (1986). Inquiry into housing in Glasgow. Published on behalf of the Inquiry by GDC (Housing).

Kanski, K.J., 1963, Structure of Transportation Networks: Relationships Between Network Geometry and Regional Characteristics, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

ISTP Murdoch University and Western Australia Ministry for Planning, 2001, Sustainable Urban Design. Practical fieldwork project, Text booklet at the Sustainable Design Course, Murdoch University, Perth, WA. Lynch, K. 1960,The Image of the City, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Harrison, DJ. Appleyard, WA. 1980,The role of meaning in the urban image,in Broadbent et al, 1980, Meaning and Behavior in the Built Environment, John Wiley&Sons, Chester, p.163-183.

38

Booklet No.4

Figures references All images produced by the authors, referenced as PBA Figure 1: Kevin Lynch –student one (PBA)

4

Figure 2: Kevin Lynch –student tow (PBA)

4

Figure 3: Kevin Lynch –student three (PBA)

4

Figure 4: Kevin Lynch –student four (PBA)

4

Figure 5: Kevin Lynch, the professionals’ perception, overlapped map (PBA)

6

Figure 6: Kevin Lynch, residents’ perception, overlapped map (PBA)

8

Figure 7: Character area map (PBA)

10

Figure 8: Shieldag area diagram (PBA)

11

Figure 9: Castlebay area diagram (PBA)

12

Figure 10: Liddesday area diagram (PBA)

12

Figure 11: Balmore area diagram (PBA)

13

Figure 12: Objective fear map (PBA)

15

Figure 13: Fear map-resident 1 (PBA)

15

Figure 14: Fear map- resident 2 (PBA)

15

Figure 15: Fear map- resident 3 (PBA)

15

Figure 16: Fear map- resident 4 (PBA)

15

Figure 17: Fear map-residents of the southern of Milton (PBA)

16

Figure 18: Fear map-residents of the northern of Milton (PBA)

16

Figure 19: Perceived fear map-overlapped residents perception (PBA)

18

Figure 20: Overlapped fear map-professionals’ and residents’ (PBA)

20

Figure 21: Character areas map (PBA)

22

Figure 22: Maintenance area map (PBA)

24

Figure 23: Permeability map –connectivity (PBA)

26

39

Experiencing the City

Figure 24: Permeability map- accessibility (PBA)

28

Figure 25: Imageability map (PBA)

30

Figure 26: Shieldaig-imageability diagram (PBA)

31

Figure 27: Castelbay-imageability diagram (PBA)

31

Figure 28: Torogay -imageability diagram (PBA)

32

Figure 29: Liddesdale-imageability diagram (PBA)

32

Figure 30: Balmore-imageability diagram (PBA)

32

Figure 31: Shieldaig-legibility diagram (PBA)

31

Figure 32: Castelbay- legibility diagram (PBA)

31

Figure 33: Torogay -legibility diagram (PBA)

32

Figure 34: Liddesdale-legibility diagram (PBA)

32

Figure 35: Balmore-legibility diagram (PBA)

32

Figure 36: Road sections ( Shieldaig, Castelbay, Torogay, Liddesdale, Balmore) (PBA)

32

40

Booklet No.4

Images references Image 1: Shieldaig area

9

Image 2: Castelbay area

9

Image 3: Castelbay area

9

Image 4: Liddesdale area

9

Image 5: Castelbay area

9

Image 6: Torogay area

9

Image 7: industrial area (Balmore)

9

Image 8: industrial area (Balmore)

9

Image 9: Scaraway Street

14

Image 10: Scaraway Street

14

Image 11: Scaraway Street (bus station)

14

Image 12: Torogay area

14

Image 13: Scaraway area

14

Image 14: Liddesdale area

14

Image 15: Westray area

14

Image 16: Balmore area

14

Image 17: Balmore area

14

Image 18: set of images (Liddesdale area)

21

Image 19: set of images (Liddesdale area)

21

Image 20: set of images (Torogay area)

22

Image 21: set of images (Castelbay area)

22

Image 22: set of images (Castelbay area)

23

Image 23: set of images (Castelbay area)

23

41

Experiencing the City

Image 23: Torogay area

23

Image 24: Liddesdale area

24

Image 25: Liddesdale area

24

Image 26: Balmore area

31

Image 27: Balmore area

31

Image 28: Castelbay area

31

Image 29: Castelbay area

31

Image 30: Torogay area

31

Image 31: Torogay area

32

Image 32: Liddesdale area

32

Image 33: Liddesdale area

32

Image 34: Balmore area

32

Image 35: Balmore area

32

42

Booklet No.4

Charts references Chart 1: no. blocks

35

Chart 2: av. blocks area, ha

35

Chart 3: av. Block length ,km

35

Chart 4:av.block, length, km

36

Chart 5: external connectivity

36

Chart 6: strong grid pattern

36

Chart 7: block density

35

Chart 8: no.of intersections

35

Chart 9:no.of cul-de-sacs

35

Chart 10: weak grid pattern

36

Chart 11: street density

36

Chart 12:% reachable area within 400 m

36

43