UCLA Law - Spring 1991, Vol. 14, No. 2

Front Cover: Professors Cruz Reynoso and Kenneth Karst place the Juris Doctor hood on Clarel Cyriaque during Commencement ceremony on May 19.

Back Cover: A moment ofhumoras the LL.M. hood is placed on Ann de Roeck by Professor Arthur Rosett and Dean Susan Prager.

Above: U.S. Attorney Lourdes Baird '76 and Dean Prager lead the academic procession at Commencement.

UCLA Law is published at UCLA for alumni, friends, and other members of The UCLA School of L;iw community. Issued three times a year. Offices al 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles 90024. "Postmaster: Send address ch,rnges to Alumni Office. School of Law, 405 Hilgard. Los Angeles 90024."

Charles E. Young/ Chancellor

Susan Westerberg Prager / Dean

Michael T. McManus / Assistant Vice Chancellor, Public Communications

Joan Tyndall / Assistant Dean, Developmentand Alumni Relations

Ted Hulbert / Editor

NaomiMarcus / Editorial Assistant

Valerie Takatani / Art Production

Photography I ASUCLA Photo Service

PublicInterest: TheIdealHasManyFacets

hoever characterizes lawyersas selfish paints with a dangerously broad brush. While lawyers (like other people) do seek their personal interests, sweeping generalizations about anygroupasdiverseaslawyersarehazardousatbest.

Theidealofservicein the publicinterestrunsdeep in the legal profession. It has many facets. Many lawyers quietly render service by their voluntary participation in civic causes, others perform pro bono representation of indigent clients, some serve as public defenders, others workin legal aid or agencies with specific public interest goals.

Six UCLA law alumni profiled here exemplify, in quitedifferentdimensions, theidealofpublicservice. Some of them have integrated pro bono work so essentially within their private practice that they would findit hard tothinkofbeinga lawyer without doing workin the public interest. Othershavemadea real impactonsocietythrough their workin agencies

which are designed to redress wrongs or implement reforms.

While these six alumni represent many aspects of public service, collectively they only touch on the full scope of law in the public interest. Their stories do suggest that the ideal of service is alive and flourishing.

Antonia Hernandez A Clear Vision of Equality

Antonia Hernandez went to law school with her vision clearlyfixedonasinglegoal: topracticepublic interest law on behalf of Hispanics in the United States. Hersuccess toward thatgoal canonlybe seen as phenomenal.

As president and general counsel of MALDEF (the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund), Hernandez leads a public interest effort

to enable Hispanics to participate fully in American society Southern Californians tend to associate MALDEF with redistricting, because of MALDEF's stunninglandmarkvictoryintheLosAngelesCounty redistricting case; a federal appeals court last year found that county officials discriminated against the Latino community when drawingsupervisorial districtlines. Important as it is,redistrictingis only one among MALDEF's many causes.

"We are the Hispanic community's law firm," says Hernandez. From regional offices across the country, MALDEF concentrates its energies on impact cases which have a broad array of themes: political participation,immigrant rights,education,employment and economic empowerment, leadership development, and language rights. While public perceptions of MALDEF's focus may change from time to time, depending on "what'spercolating atthemoment, and what grabs media attention," Hernandez says that "actually the issues don't change. The work con-

tinues. And the overall perception of MALDEFisthat we are working to promote the rights of Hispanic Americans."

MALDEF'srecentredistrictingvictoryinCalifornia is matched by its success on the issue of equitable allocation of funds for education in Texas, where it convinced the Texas Supreme Court that the state's inequitable system of fundingpublic education violated the state constitution. Several other states are also changing the way they finance their educational systems as a result of the Texas case.

With both national and regional offices in downtownLosAngeles,MALDEFhasotherregional offices in SanFrancisco,SanAntonio, Chicago and Washington,D.C.,with satellite offices locatedin Sacramento, Anaheim andElPaso. Nationally, there are 23 lawyers and a total staff of 70. Looking at the numbers, Hernandez observes: "The popular perception is that MALDEF is big,but really we are small."

How does a small public interest organization like

Antonia Hernandez '74

MALDEF achieve big results? In part,by cooperation with other civil rights groups and private law firms providing pro bona services. Although MALDEF by natureislitigious,Hernandezisastaunchadvocateof cooperation as a working approach. She insists there is no obstacle that a desire to work together can't overcome.

Perhaps her style has its roots in her personal J.ife. A native of Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico, Hernandez came to the United States at the age of eight. Her fatherwas a gardenerandlaborer,her mother a homemaker. As the oldest of seven children,growing up in East Los Angeles,she had a hand in the rearingof her siblings. That close-knit style has continued into adulthood.

Hernandez earned a bachelor's degree at UCLA and embarked on a teaching career, when suddenly she realized that it was law where she could make a real difference. "It all happened in early January, and by August I was in law school." She earned her law degree in 1974.

Even as a first-yearlaw student,Hernandez worked in a summer job at MALDEF, and in her second year she experienced the whole gamut of poverty law while workingforthe Community RuralLegal Assistance program in Santa Maria. "I worked on direct intake, and saw a lot of clients that summer."

Every day, MALDEF gets calls from people who needlegalassistance.SinceMALDEF concentrateson impact litigation and not individual clients, it refers manyproblemstotheappropriate directserviceagencies. But the stream of referrals has two directions, since many of the cases MALDEF takes come from grass-roots organizations representing their memberships.

MALDEF'spostureofnetworking with otherpublic interest organizations is also reflective of the style set by Hernandez, who serves in leadership positions for such groups as California Leadership, the Latino Museum, and ComisionFemenil,which encourages Hispanic women to run forpublicoffice. Recognizing her many accomplishments,the UCLAAlumni Association this year honored Hernandez with its prestigious Edward A. Dickson Alumnus of the Year Award.

How does Hernandez rate the legal profession in fulfilling its duty to serve the public? She is quite frank in her response.

"I think theprofession has been very derelict in its obligations to society, in giving meaning to the law and in makingservices available to the public. There is a perception that the poor have access to legal remedies,but most of them don't. The middle class doesn't have that much access either In reality, the

law is forthose who can afford it. There needs tobe a movement to make the law more accessible."

Hernandez observes that many people equate publicinterest law with legalservices. "Publicinterestis notonlylegalservices. It is MALDEF. It is the public defenders,the U.S. attorneys,governmentalagencies, workingin thelegislature. Itis awhole broad array of options available in which you can practice law and serve in the public interest.

"When I speak at law schools, I see a tremendous surge of interest among students in public interest law Are thereavailable positions for these interested students? That is a different issue. The states are cutting back. Governmental agencies are cutting back. Legalservices are being cut back."

It is a pressing concern for Antonia Hernandez that the opportunity in public interest law which was opentoherduringthe1970sshouldnotbe foreclosed in the 1990s.

"Doing public interest law was my only goal and objective. I worked in a legal aid office many years, I worked inCongressascounseltotheSenateJudiciary Committee, and I have worked with MALDEF. I have found my career challenging and, yes, extremely rewarding. I have found my niche in the law."

Kenneth Clayman

Making Sure That Law Works

Kenneth Clayman describes his job as "tough, but fun." His colleagues and adversaries alike acknowledge that Clayman's position as Ventura County Public Defender places him in one of the toughest criminal defense jobs in California.

"In Ventura County,sentences are longer, and particularly at the Municipal Court level the judges are very tough, and more cases go to trial," Clayman explains. The county, he muses, is one which seems to fit the expression, "Arrive on vacation and leave on probation."

"It is a very tough place," Clayman repeats in emphasis ofhis point, "and aninterestingplace, too."

Clayman's 39-lawyer office might be described as the largest defenselaw firm in Venturacounty. Butin perspective,Ventura's ratioofpublicdefenders to district attorneys is the lowest of any county in the state. Andnowherein thestate can therebefound a climate tougher on crime. The district attorney has stated an official policy of making no plea bargains. While

Kenneth Clayman '66

about 95 percent of criminal cases statewide are resolved before trial, in Ventura County the disposition rate is only 88 percent. "A greater percentage of our cases go to trial," notes Clayman.

"Defendingcriminalsis not the most popular thing in Ventura County, and it's a difficult job to begin with-it's kind of like being Scrooge at Christmastime," observes County Supervisor James Dougherty. "Everybody wants to put the bad guys in jail, and (Clayman) is doing his best to make sure their constitutional rights are protected. Not everybody appreciates that."

Claymanobservesthatthe demographicsof Ventura County tend toprovethebeliefthat "crimestemsfrom poverty and misery." Ventura does have a low crime rate-which many officials attribute to vigorous law enforcement and swift, heavy punishment of offenders. WhatClaymansees,however,isa predominantly middle to upper class county with very little poverty. There are a few pocketsof poverty,which are

precisely where most of the county's criminal defendants reside.

For 25 years now, virtually his entire career, Clayman has consciously made it hispreference to defend the accused. Soonafter graduatingfrom lawschoolin 1966, he applied for a job in the Los Angeles district attorney's office-and then spent a sleepless night, struggling with the realization that ·'my heart wason the other side." So it was that he joined the Los Angelespublic defender'soffice. androse through the ranks to become chief of the jurnnile division and then chief of the Central Municipal Court trials division. In 1984, he was chosen among dozens of candidates to become Ventura County Public Defender.

A considerable amount of his time since then has been spent persuading the citizenry that the accused deserve a defense.

"I am always trying to convince people that we are really defending the public when we defend those accused of crime," Clayman said recently. "Our cher-

ised rightsbecomehighlighted in thetrialofaperson accused of crime. That is where they are put to the test, particularly when the person is unpopular or despicable. If thelawsworkinthatcase,then we can rest assured we will always be protected."

Frequently, Clayman speaks to civic groups and writes letters to the local newspapers, again and again making his basic argument that the Sixth Amendment'sguaranteeofarighttocounselisempty unless that right extends equally to the poor.

"Each year, thousands of people pass through the courtrooms of Ventura County's Hall of Justice, accused of committing a crime," Clayman wrote in one newspaper column. More than 90 percent of those charged areconvicted or plead guilty,henoted. But it is equally important,he said,that "our frustration and impatience over crime should also cause us to be vigilant that no person is unfairly convicted or sentenced. Wemustguarantee thatthe rulesprovided for all citizens are applied to the poor-and even to the guilty."

How can you defend someone youknow is guilty? In response to that question (which, he says, he is asked virtually everyday),Clayman is apt to recall a case such as the one involving an indigent Vietnamese motorist whose car struck and kilied a pedestrian. It seemed like an open and closed case of clear negligence.

The client, however, insisted he had not been speeding. He said that, although his car had been maintained in good mechanical condition,when he attempted to apply the brakes they failed. The highwaypatrol had reconstructed the accident and found no mechanical defect. An expert in accident reconstruction,hiredbyClayman'soffice,foundthatin fact there was a defect with the brakes which had gone undetected. When the case was taken to trial, the defendant was acquitted.

"Those cases are wonderfully satisfying," says Clayman, "when youhave a truly innocent person, and when your work to develop the case results in acquittal."

Cases in which public defenders prevent a miscarriage of justice are extremely important, says Clayman,and often these involve emotionally-charged issues such as sexual abuse. "When there is hysteria and people are angry about a certain kind of crime,it is important that we don't inveigle innocent people into a web of guilt that is impenetrable."

Equally important, Clayman says, is the task of making sure that the charge fits the crime. "Suppose, for example, that a person is charged with murder and really he is guilty of manslaughter. Some of the most important work we do is when we ask that a

verdict be returned for the proper crime."

Clayman attributes his personal perseverance as a publicdefenderpartly to his mind-set,influenced by 1960s devotion to the underdog. But he sees in many new associates values and interests similar to his own. "They have little motivation to make a lot of money,becausetheywon't doitin thispractice. They wanttobeabletopracticelaw without economicconsiderations. They derive satisfaction from something they think is important."

One of the great satisfactions of his job, Clayman says, is "hoping to give every person who comes throughthedoorthebestpossiblerepresentation. The hallmarks of the office are preparation, attentiveness to cases, promptness in court appearances, multiple visits with clients,goingtothesceneofthe crime and doing so on a round-the-clock basis."

Clayman sums it up by saying, "This is very noble work."

Lawyers who enter this type of public service law, Clayman adds, do so because they are motivated by their beliefs. "Their dedication to helpless individuals is always inspiring. It results in a most wonderful group of people. That is why I decided to stay."

Margaret Levy The Satisfaction Is Unmistakable

Margaret Levy truly has a wide range of clients. There's an insurance company she has represented before the California SupremeCourt,with billions of dollarsridingontheoutcomeofthatcase. There'salso a young immigrant from Guatemala, for whom she won a lawsuit centered on a broken-down truck which symbolized his dreams of a better life.

In her office at Adams, Duque & Hazeltine, Maggie Levy describes the two cases. Her enthusiasm for the firstobviouslyrunsasdeepasherpassionforthesecond. Both kindsof casesgivevarietyto herpracticeat the firm which she joined just out of law school at UCLA in 1975, and where today she is highly valued as a partner.

Levy coordinatesan extensive program of pro bono work at Adams, Duque-where pro bono participationis "uptotheindividual,andgreatly encouraged." In addition, she is an officer of Public Counsel, the program through which hundreds of lawyers volunteer their services; it has been described as the nation's largest pro bono law firm.

Levy is a business litigator with an emphasis on

NlargaretLevy'75

representing life and health insurers. Her litigation practicehasincludedanti-trust, productliability, and a variety of other areas. One of her most interesting recent cases, she said, involves multiple lawsuits resulting from the insolvency of a large insurance company. Among the issues is "whether the reinsurers can offset amounts that were owed by the insolvent company againstamountsowedby thereinsurer to the insolvent company. That is a very hot issue across the country these days, and there are literally billions of dollars involved in the outcome."

No less important to the client, a young immigrant named Gustavo, was the outcome of his case which Maggie Levy personally took to trial after the matter was referred to her by Public Counsel. She relates the details:

"He came to this country, got his green card, saved his money, and wanted to buy a large truck to haul goods cross country.He traded in his pickup truckas part of the down payment on a used tractor-trailer.

The dealer made representations to him about how greatthe truck was, but on his first cross-country trip the engineblew up, oil sprayed out, and thetruckhad to be towed back to the dealer's lot.

"Although Gustavo had a job hauling goods across country, he now had no truck. The dealer told him, 'No problem, we'll just fix itand we'll add the costof the repairs onto your monthly payments and we'll have it ready in no time.' The dealer kept the truck, but they didn't fix it, they didn·t do anything. Eventually, the finance company affiliated with the dealer repossessed the truck because Gustavo wasn't able to makethe payments, resoldit, and thensuedhim fora deficiency judgement."

Levy filed a cross-complaint against the dealer and the finance company which called attention to the fact that the finance company had backdated documents and had failed to comply with Uniform Commercial Code requirements. She won a motion for summary judgement onthe complaintand then went

to trial on the cross-complaint, resulting in a jury award of approximately$42,000. "Itwasveryrewarding," says Levy, "because the attorney for the dealer and the finance company never offered a dime and kept telling me, 'We've never lost a case.' Then, after the verdict, they appealed and ultimately the case settled for about $30,000. It was a real moral victory. The client was very appreciative, and it enabled him to start fresh."

In another pro bona case at Adams, Duque, one of Levy's partners won a judgement "against a really crooked operator here in Los Angeles who is bilking poorpeopleout oftheirhomes" inafinancingscheme in which he repossesses properties. In one particular case, "We were successful in getting the title cleared and back into the names of our clients.'' Even then, "he stonewalled and transferred his assets into various shell corporations. We had to file another lawsuit, and thiswenton for eight ornineyears. Finally, he coughed up a substantial amount of money in a confidential settlement." Nearly every legal service organization in the city has cases against this same individual,Levy notes.

"We have had so many interesting cases," says Maggie Levy, and as she recalls another one, the satisfaction derived from her work is clear. "A Hispanic couple purchased a waterpurification system which they thought was going to cost a minimal amount of money, but as part of the purchase they had signed a grant deed to theirhome. When the system didn't work and they missed a payment, all of a sudden they found out their house was being repossessed. Basically, we were successful in getting the transaction rescinded and clearing the title on their property The water purification company has requested a trial de nova, and the case is still pending."

Lawyers at her law firm, as those elsewhere, commit time to many other volunteer efforts. The bulk of pro bona time, however, is channeled through Public Counsel. Levy estimates that she personally spends 100-150 hours annually on pro bona cases. "It is a worthwhilewaytospendyourtime," shesaysmatterof-factly

Recently marking its 20th anniversary, Public Counsel last year alone mobilized more than 1,900 lawyers and 800 law students to represent 7,000 clients. Over thepastsixyears,thenumberof volunteer lawyers has tripled. Public Counsel is supported by theBeverly HillsandLos AngelesCountybarassociations, theState Bar's legal services trust fund,and the Legal Aid Foundation of Los Angeles.

"Without PublicCounsel,wewouldn'thavethelink that brings us to the pro bona clients who have been

prescreenedand who in fact are the people who have the greatest need," Levy says.

Levy (who, astreasurer of PublicCounsel, surely is in a position to know) believes that no single approach canmeet theneedsforlegal services. While Public Counsel's resources have multiplied dramatically, demands continue to outpace resources. "The demandforlegalservicesisfaroutpacingthenumber ofvolunteersandthenumberofhourspeopleareable to give," she says. "We need to find new sources of lawyers and new sourcesof funding to try to keep up with the ever-increasing need for legal services."

Alan Parker A New Era for American Indians

Alan R. Parker sees signs of a new era emerging in American Indian policy, one which gives Native Americans the dominant voice in formulating laws that govern their lives.

Parkerstandsonsolidgroundwhenhespeaksasan expert on Indians, government policy, and law. A native of the Rocky Boy reservation in northwestern Montana, he earned his law degree at UCLA in 1972. For the past two decades he has served in key positions related to the shaping of Indian policy.

Parker went to Washington straight out of law school as an attorney in the Solicitor's Office of the Department of Interior, assigned to the division of Indianaffairs. Later, on a Congressional study commission in New Mexico,he researched the tribal processes of developing codes for the administration of justice on reservations-while also teaching a seminar on Indian law at the University of New Mexico.

In 1977, he returned to Washington when Senator Abourzek invited him to becomeChiefCounselofthe Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs. Later, he became president of the American Indian National Bank. In 1987 he rejoined the Senate committee as staff director

Parker was appointed last year to a new leadership role as director of the National Indian PolicyCenter,a position which seems custom-made for the expertise which Parker has developed in two decades.

Initiated by Senator Daniel Inouye with the impetus of tribal leadersthroughout the U.S., the National Indian Policy Center is based on the premise that Native American philosophy, history and tradition must play a stronger role in formulating laws affect-

Alan Parker '72

ing the nation's 1.8-million Indian citizens-laws which typically are made in Washington by officials who often do not understand Indians.

The underpinnings of modern Indian policy actually were put in place during the Nixon administration, says Parker, when in 1973 Nixon sent to Congress a message on Indian policy favoring self-determination for tribes.

But tribal leaders today say that federal officials responsible for developingnational policies and laws need to gain a betterunderstanding of Native Americans. The National IndianPolicy Centeris intended as a "think tank" to achieve that end, among others.

With a million-dollar grant from the Department of Health and Human Services, the center (housed at George Washington University) will act as a public policy institute, an information clearinghouse and a continuing education center For example, government employees might attend continuing education classes on Indian philosophy. And Indian people

might work through the center to develop thoughtful solutions to their own problems before coming to Congress.

This national "think tank" will also examine issues of health and education, drug abuse and alcoholism, and unemployment on reservations.

Parkerisconvincedthatthesolutionsto these problems must come from Indians themselves.

The first stage of development for the National Indian Policy Center, in fact, isto elicitrecommendations from Indian tribes and experts who work with them, organizationswhichrepresent Indianinterests. Parker envisions the second stage as implementation of those recommendations-establishing the center as "an ongoing institution which exists to meet the needs of the Indian people for development of Indian policy and which is aligned with their idea of the relationshipbetween them and government, and their idea of long-range future development of Indian communities."

A group of Indian leaders was invited to serve as theplanning committee for the center-and the committee includes major national Indian organizations.

"The fact that we were able to recruit that kind of involvement is a good indication of the interest among the Indian community forthis project and the potential it holds," says Parker

His own training as a lawyer is invaluable in this work. "I have primarily defined myself as a lawyer, whether working in a public interest job, or a commercial bank,orin Congress. Thismaybe so because the area of Indian affairs is so dominated by federal law. Youcannotconcentrate on education or commercial development or health care and not have a basic underpinning of legal positions in a host of Supreme Court decisions that have led to Indian policy."

When Parker was alaw student at UCLA in the late '60s and early '70s, there were not more than 25 American Indian attorneys in the entire U.S. "Now there are500,and sothisis aphenomenalgrowthrelative to a small segment of the population of the entire nation," Parker says.

"It is relevant to know that I was part of this group ofIndian people who decided that going into law was important. I see myself as part of a generation of people who have had an opportunity to make a contribution to society, to our own community, because of a legal education."

"Theneed ofIndian people 20yearsago wasto protect ourlegal rights," Parker continues. "Wehavesucceeded in doing that to an extent that we can put the need in balance. Now we are seeing a trend of people goinginto otherprofessionsthatarenot as wellrepresented within the Indian community-architects, engineers, specialistsinnaturalresources. Ithink we will develop a balance and a proportion."

Parker also seeshis particular form of legal service work in the context of some cycles within the legal profession. "Theprofessionitselfhas gonethrough an evolution. The emphasis on public interest law was cause and effect from the activism of the 1960s, which was an extraordinaryperiod of change in U.S. society. In the1980syousaw a reflection ofinterestin commerce and business development.

"We are now beginning to see the turning of the wheel again, so to speak, and I believe there will be another cycle of emphasis in public interest law that reflectsthe search going on in society formore meaningful social values. Concerns forenvironmentalprotection are just one prominent example of this. There are also social values emerging which place greater emphasis on government ethics and business ethics, and on the responsiveness of public institutions to the people who are supposed to be served by those

institutions."

Alan Parker thinks the 1990s will be an exciting time for American Indians. One tangible proof is the recent decision by Congress to establish within the Smithsonian Institution a National Museum of the Indian-premised not just on collecting artifacts, but on the future expression of emerging Indian culture.

"We Indian people have seen ourselves in the past in a position where we had to defend what is oursland,political resources, cultural rights-against a society often hostile to our rights. My generation has been preoccupied with this defensive posture.

"We arenow seeingwhatIbelieve willbe an enduring change within society to an acceptanceof cultural diversity and cultural identity. We Indian people are able to look to the future where we are going to be building societiesthat are not focused on a defensive posture, but rather on an expression of cultural viability and social viability."

Robert Sacks

Putting a Value on Good Works

RobertSacks started early in his legal career to place arealvalueonpublicinterestwork asanintegralpart of his professional life. Fortunately,he works in a law firm that values pro bona activity

The 1986UCLA law graduate remembersthat,from thetimewhenhefirstinterviewed with Morrison and Foerster, the firm impressed him as "one of the premier firms in the nation in terms of its top-flight pro bona policy."

Perhaps his firm's reputation of valuing public interest activity by its attorneys is based on the fact that "pro bona cases are treated like other cases that involve paying clients," says Sacks. "The hours that an attorney puts in on a pro bona case are counted just astheywouldbefor apayingclient." On average, attorneys at the firm spend about 130 hours per year on pro bona work. "The firm really puts its money where its mouth is," says Sacks.

"Pro bona is certainly not something that is forced on anyone," he adds. And theamount of timehehimselfspendsonpublicinterest casesvaries throughout the year. "Any case that is very active is going to take up alot ofyourtime-if you're gearing up fortrial,or there's a Jot of discovery going back and forth. A pro bona case is no different from any other case."

His enthusiasm about the genuine value of pro

Robert Sacks '86

bona work, he says, needs to be seen in perspective. "Iam veryhappy with the amountof probona work I have been ableto dohere,but thisisonlyone facet of my practice. The vast majority of my time is spent doing business and commercial law."

Early in his career at Morrison and Foerster, Sacks worked on a fascinating case of fraud against attorneys,accountants, and his client'sformer therapist. Asabroad-rangelitigator,he'sbeenexposedto a considerable gamut of issues. Much of his recent work involvesan employment discrimination case which is the largest class action in the history of Title VII.

The probona work which Sackshastaken on,both through Public Counsel and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, has given him a similar variety of experience.

One recent case which Sacks took throughPublic Counsel might be "the first theft of trade secrets case inpro bona history." The client, whooriginatedarecipe for precooked chicken, washired by a market to

retail the chicken. Sales skyrocketed, but within months the market fired the man on a pretext, then continued to prepare and sell the chicken under his name.

"The client went to Public Counsel to determine whathe coulddotorightthiswrong. Heisveryproud of his chicken," explained Sacks. "And having tasted it, I can say that it is great!" Sacks [and also Michael Schwartz '87) sued and obtained a settlement with which the client was extremely pleased. One of his plansis to open a business cooking chicken.

Sacks has handled a number of cases involving deficiency judgements in car repossessions. "They're veryinteresting cases. Often,theissueisthat adealis negotiated in Spanish but the dealers don't provide a Spanish language translation of the contract, which they must do by law."

Sacksand othersathisfirm [including John Lodise '88) are currently working on a case as co-counsel with the NAACP Legal Defense Fund involving

discrimination against blacks by a large apartment complex. "That case is just fascinating."

All of his firm's pro bono activity, which is maintained at a considerablelevel, also makes Sacks more aware of the vastneeds which existfor legal services. Federal cutbacks, slashed budgets of legal service agencies, a down economy are all in thebackground. "It's hard to simply say, 'Let's get more money into legal services.'

"Public Counsel exists because people in the community are willingtodoprobono work. PublicCounsel can only take so many cases,soitcertainly would be nice if more people would get involved and if many of the larger firms would encourage pro bono work," says Sacks.

"Ithink ofprobono asa duty. Wegetsomuch outof the community; I think we should put something back. It's something lawyers ought to be able to do overthe course of theiryear. I wouldnotwanttoforce anyone to do pro bono work; I believe each person should make that choice. But I do believe it is something every attorney should do."

Angela Campbell A Concern for Communications

Angela J. Campbell'sinterest in communications policyissues predates her career as a lawyer. She wasin the television production businessbefore she was a law student. Now, a decade after graduating from UCLA, she is working in public interest communications law in the nation's capital.

Campbell is Associate Professor at the Institute for Public Representation in Washington, D.C. The institute is both a public interest law firm and a clinical education program based at Georgetown University Law Center. Campbell's public interest work in the broadcast arena is carried out through the Citizens Communications Center (an entity within the institute),which hasa longhistory of advocacyin the area of communications law and policy. One of its attorneysin the1970swasCharles Firestone-and it was from him that Campbell first learned of the program during her student days at UCLA.

"I feel fortunate to have this job," says Campbell. "There are only half a dozen public interest communication jobsin the country-and that might be exaggerating it."

Campbell was well immersed in communications law by the time she had completed her law degree in

1981. She was editor-in-chief of the Federal Communications Law Journal, was involved in mounting a conference on the future of network television, and had completed a summer externship with FCC Commissioner Tyrone Brown. (Her memories from that summer include advising the commissioners on issues in the case which resulted in the FCC's ultimate decision to revoke the television licenses of RKO).

Today, the work of public interest lawyers in communications law has taken on quite a changed complexion. After a decade of deregulation, there often seems to be little accountability required of broadcasters.

"There wassomuchderegulation under the Reagan administration that we don't have much law on our side," says Campbell. "We are trying to make broadcasters more responsive to the community. Broadcasters are not required to do much to keep their licenses. They should give something back to the community."

In the past year alone, the Citizens Communications Center has been encouraged by a number of successes.

It urged the Supreme Court, in an amicus brief, to find constitutional the use of minority preferences in awarding broadcast licenses-and the court ultimately took this position in the case of Metro Broadcasting v. FCC.

Itsucceededin gettingthe FCC toreverseitsearlier decision in the Marco proceeding, which had effectively permitted the auctioning of broadcast licenses to the highest bidder.

It urged the FCC to abandon its proposal to uselotteries to award broadcast licenses; the FCC did so, and instituted a rulemaking proceeding to improve the competitive hearing process.

Finally, in a busy year, the center was active at the FCC and in Congress in the campaign for telephone services accessible to persons with disabilities.

"Everythingwedoislong-range," commentsCampbell. In thelong term, she is confident thatregulation in the broadcast field will be restored in the public interest.

Historically, there has been little public leverage over cable television-but even in this segment of broadcasting, Campbell notes that "we are seeing a shift toward regulation" with the FCC now proposing to subjectmore cablesystemstoregulationthanitdid in the past.

TheChildren'sTelevision Act essentially represents a reimposition of regulations. What was previously accomplished by administrative regulation now has been accomplished through legislation. "Even the

Angela Campbell 'Bl

legislation is not as strong as we would like it to be," notes Campbell.

Inits concern over children'sprogramming, theCitizens Communications Project is working with a Los Angeles group called the National Association for Better Broadcasting, which seeks to remedy the excessive commercialism that pervades many programs aimedat children.

"The children are being exploitedby programs that take advantage of their gullibility," Campbell says. "Children don't know the difference between being entertained andbeingpitched aproduct."The FCC is being asked to adopt regulations which would limit the extent of this kind of exploitation.

Campbell is quick tomention, also,that regulations implementing the Children's Television Act touch on some sensitive First Amendment concerns. "The bill requires that there be more educational and information programming, and one would hope this kind of programming might replace some of the more violent

programs," she says. How this is accomplished must be considered carefully in light of a concern for free speech.

Campbell must husband her resources-her own timeandthat of thelaw students working with herby selecting clients and cases carefully "I want projects which students can work on in a meaningful way, and which will have an impact."

This goal often is realized through the strategy of working as co-counsel with other public interest organizations. Besides the children's programming project, for example, Campbell's office currently is working with the Consumer Federation of America on such issues as cable subscription rates and diversity. When a monopoly controls franchises, rates tend to be too high; when programming is controlled by a single operator,theretends tobealack of diversity in public access.

Diversity is an issue w�ich runs across many of Campbell's cases. "We work with many minority

groups, such asthe NAACP and the League of United Latin American Citizens, on issues predominantly related to minority ownership of broadcasting."

It was on this issue that Campbell experienced what probably was her most satisfying success to date. In Metro Broadcasting v. FCC,she was counsel of record for the Citizens Communications Center in its amicus brief. Working with students and graduate fellows, Campbell edited the brief as it finally was submitted to the Supreme Court. "It was exciting, because it was the first Supreme Court brief I had worked on andthe side we were supporting won the case-affirming FCC policies which promote minority ownership.

"In our brief, we asserted that diversity of viewpoint was a compelling interest and that the FCC's minority enhancement policy was narrowly tailored to achieve that interest. We further argued that the needfordiversity ofviewpointwasacutebecausevirtuallyeveryAmericanspendsa substantialportion of his or her waking hours watching TV or listening to radio. Barriersto minority participation in ownership and control of the electronic media have deprived the public of the special contribution of diversity of

thought and perspective that minority ownership could contribute. The FCC's policy, we argued, was a constitutionally permissible attempt to remove some of those barriers."

Atthe endof June 1990,in a 5-4 decision,theCourt found the FCC policies to be constitutional.

Working with students as she does gives Campbell an opportunity to assess professional commitment to legal service. One of the center's stated goals is "to give studentsa chance to consider how their personal values relate to their professional careers."

Campbell also has an observation to make on the commitmenttopublicservicebylaw studentsin general "Two thingshappen to their interest," she says; "the students cannot find jobs, or they cannot afford to take them,sincethey need to earn money to pay off loans."

She doubtsthatpro bono work within privatefirms is,byitself,an adequatesolutiontotheneedforrepresentation of issues such as those advocated by her center. She believes more public interest centers and upgraded legal services programs are needed. "If you want to have good representation of people, you must have good institutions set up to do that."

StephenMunzer: HeBelies Stereotypes

tephen Munzer belies every stereotype about legal philosophers. Careful as he listens to others, he takes their views seriously Precise and clear, his philosophical writing holds immediate interest; it brings abstract principles to bear on practical problems. With an irrepressible laugh,heseemstofindsourcesofhumoreverywhere.

On first meeting,in point of fact,peoplefrequently are surprised to learn thatProfessor Munzer is a philosopher. Asone who enjoysexercise and playsmany sports, perhaps it's because he seems too athletic to fit the philosopher mold. The real surprise, then, comes when the man ismatched with his prodigious flow of work.

Just last year, Cambridge University Press published Munzer's book, A Theory of Property, as the second volume in its new series on Cambridge StudiesinPhilosophy and Law. Then,inthe space of a few months, Munzer learned that the National Endowment for the Humanities had awarded him a

fellowship for research on another of his main interests, "The Justifiability of Property Rights in Body Parts." He has been engrossed in that work during a sabbatical leave this past semester.

Munzer's readiness to mine new philosophical veins was evidenced last year when he designed a seminar titled "Men, Women and Rationality." Hehas been intrigued with theintersectionof feminism and the treatment of rationality by analytic philosophers. "Perhaps some of the students were just as curious about a malefaculty memberlooking at the literature of feminists," Munzer muses. "I was helped a lot by colleagues who haveinterest in feminism, and Carrie Menkel-Meadow (whose intellectual background is very difficult from mine) virtually co-taught the course."

Professor Menkel-Meadow recalls the seminar as "oneofthemostchallengingintellectualexperiencesI have ever had. Although Steve and I often differ on what we think about gender issues, his skill and his care and his wisdom were absolutely remarkable. He

took student views very seriously, and I found him a marvel as an in-depth seminar teacher."

Munzer plans to continue his interest in the intersection between gender and rationality, which is a likely area for writing. "At UCLA there are so many faculty,both female and male,who havean interestin feminism as an academic and intellectual enterprise; it has encouraged me to think about this seriously," he says, "in a way I might not have done at another institution."

A member of UCLA's law faculty since 1981, Munzer was an associate at Covington & Burling in Washington, D.C., before he began teaching law He studied philosophy at Oxford University as a Rhodes scholar and law at Yale. Munzer taught philosophy at Rutgers University before entering law teaching. He came to UCLA from the law faculty of theUniversity ofMinnesota. AtUCLA,heteachesproperty, topicsin legal philosophy,and seminars in thosetwosubjects.

"Students who sign up for my upper-level courses in legal philosophy are a self-selected bunch, interested in what I am doing," Munzer says with typical candor. "Plainly, these are not bar courses." At the sametime,he isbuoyedbytherealitythat"UCLAhas astrongtradition ofhavingonthefacultypeoplewho are able philosophers in the analytic tradition," and by preserving this tradition "UCLA is stronger than many other law schools."

Munzer relates his admiration ofUCLA in terms of students and his colleagues. "UCLA students are an able and accomplished group, intellectually interested when I teach them property in the first year One of the high points of my years here has been the mutual interaction with students in my upper level courses. We eachlearn somethingfrom theother,each person contributing to the development of the other."

"By and large," he continues, "UCLA students seem more sensible and balanced than most law students at really good law schools in the U.S." How can this be? "It is due in large part, he believes, "to the fact that the faculty doesn't create a hypercompetitive atmosphere atthisschool.Itisdue partly to student temperament. Those two things perhaps play together."

Munzer further gives credit to his students who contributed to the development of his new book, A Theory ofProperty. "Duringthelong period whenI was workingon the property book,I went over much of that volume with students here atUCLA. I was fortunate in having intelligent and able students. I owe a large debt to those studentsfor the help they gave me with that material.

A Theory of Property reexamines the entire philosophical tradition associated with property rights.

Munzer seeks in the book "not a boring compromise among positions" but rather a unified theory which integrates differing philosophical perspectives on property. "It is a unified theory which in my estimation," Munzer says, "has practical applications. The applications do not spring immediately from its three basicprinciples.Thetheory mustbeappliedinstages and in light of empirical evidence."

The book argues for the justification of some rights of private property while showing why unequal distributions of private property are indefensible. It offers a new pluralist theory of justification. In doing so, it integrates analyses of classical theorists with a discussion of contemporary philosophers.

Professor Alan Ryan ofPrinceton said of this work, "Stephen Munzer has achieved something I had thought impossible,an encyclopedic treatmentof the theory of property rights that does justice to almost all theconceptual,legal,political,and social issues at stake."

Said Professor Steven Shiffrin ofCornell: "Munzer moves easily between discussions of thinkers such as Rawls, Marx, and Hegel and concrete discussions of property law-roaming over everything from gifts to zoning; all this with a passion for clarity."

Even an unfavorable reviewer made the observation: "The strands Munzer unravels and weaves back togetherencompassthe greater partof the intellectual tradition associated with the institution of property, and he has something new and often penetrating to say on almostevery score."

In the concluding paragraphs of his work,Munzer says this abouthis approach: "Asalientfeature ofthis bookis itsrefusal to theorize aboutpropertyin a vacuum. A satisfactory examination of property must weave together the theoretical and the concrete, and help to solve real-world problems. A theory of property should not be an intellectual plaything but an instrument for reforming institutions of property."

This disposition is also apparent in Munzer's current work on property rights in body parts, in which the key issue is whether any property rights in body parts are justifiable and in particular whether body parts should be transferable in some kind of market.

While this subject has been prominent in national debate the last decade or more, Munzer notes that there has not been an authoritative and comprehensive treatment of the topic. In his research funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities, he is now working to fill that void. "Though there are lots ofscattered contributionsto thelegal and philosophical literature on this troublesome topic, there is no examination of it that combines philosophical rigor and a deep acquaintance with thelegal,medical,and

economic difficulties that arise in practice, Munzer says.

If body parts are transferable, these issues arise: whether the transfer is voluntary, whether it is informed, whether it is a gift, sale or exchange, whether the timing is while living or upon death.

It may seem to a lay person that intuition can answer such questions, but Munzer observes that "it is risky to rely on unorganized moral intuitions." Rather than run that risk, he has structured his inquiry along three principles for justifying and limiting property rights. One is the principle of desert based on labor. Another is the principle of utility and efficiency The third is a principle of justice and equality.

Using these principles, a preliminary treatment of the issues may run like this: Persons should at least be able voluntarily to donate all body parts at death and some of them during life. Forced transfers while living seem repugnant. But forced transfers at death may become necessary. Transfers by sale should probably be permitted for many body parts, but sometimes such transfers may have to be restricted by the principle of utility and efficiency and the principle of justice and equality.

This provisional conclusion, says Munzer, requires study in view of the existing court cases and literature-and the ultimate result should contribute to public policy discussion of ways to remedy the existing shortage of organs for transplantation.

Grappling with such difficult subjects appears to

be one of Munzer's strengths. His written work and oral comments alike, according to his colleague David Dolinko, reflect "thoughtfulness, care, and accuracy-qualities which are crucial in dealing with philosophically intricate subjects. Steve's writings exemplify the virtues of clarity and precision to which analytic philosophers aspire, rarely with as much success."

Munzer is also known for being "unusually fairminded in dealing with positions that he disagrees with," notes Professor Dolinko, "often making a stronger case for such views than their own proponents have offered."

Peter Arenella has a similar insight: "I am constantly amazed by the analytical clarity and rigor of Steve's writing. As a novice moral philosopher, I am particularly in his debt for the way he has nurtured my own scholarship."

Away from the law school, Steve Munzer is attracted to sports "as a player rather than a spectator." At 47, he still plays tennis and golf, runs, swims, and cycles. "My basketball career is beginning to wind down," he admits, "but I still lift weights a little. I enjoy getting exercise."

His wife, Cynthia Trangsrud, is an attorney in Glendale. With his daughter Christina now out of college, Munzer again has two very young children, Alison and Erik. 'Tm looking forward to watchingthem grow up and change. I hope I will have the endurance to handle them when they are teenagers."

ACommencement Family Album

The scene is one which always evokes a warmth of emotion, aslawgraduatesgatherwith theirfamiliesat the informal reception that precedes the annual School of Law Commencement program. This year's program, the 40th such ceremony in the law school's history, seemed a rare and prized moment for everyone who was there.

Pictured on thesepagesare just a few of the typical family groups clustered on the LawSchool Courtyard on May 19, as 321 graduates of the Class of '91 prepared to receive the Juris Doctor degree. Later in the afternoon, they would hear from class speakers Victor Cannon and Steven Quintanilla, Professors of the Year Kimberle Crenshaw and William Warren, Dean Susan Westerberg Prager, and the Commencementspeaker, U.S. Attorney LourdesBaird, herselfan alumna of the Class of '76.

The day's most meaningful words, however, were the personal messages which came from the graduates' loved ones. The bonds uniting families, the realization that personal hopes were being fulfilled, the words of pride and congratulation were the central focus of this day. The images here make that clear.

Jomes Kmvo/mro and his grandfather, Dr. Fe/ix White, Sr:

Professor Cruz Reynoso ond Richard Verches

OC1vid Simw1tob and his grondfC1ther. Hoiim SimC1ntob

Inez Hope with her mother, aunt and sister

Matt Ras/in and his nephew, Austin Blumstein

Gregg Eyre and his son. Eric

Barbara Choi and her mother. Sandy

Evan Caminker Joins Faculty, AfterTerm

As Clerk to Brennan

Evan Caminker hasjoined the faculty asActingProfessor,and began teaching Civil Procedure during the Spring semester.A 1986 Yale Law School graduate, Caminker was a clerk to Justice William J. Brennan at the U.S. SupremeCourt before coming to UCLA.

Caminker hasfound UCLA law students to be both "energetic" and "eager" during his firstsemester of teaching.

No stranger to UCLA,Caminker received his B.A. in Political Economy and Environmental Studies in 1983, graduating summa cum laude. His distinguished academic career continued at Yale, where he served as senior editor of the Yale Law Journal.

Upon leaving New Haven, Caminker returned to Los Angeles and worked as a clerk for Judge William A. Norris of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit during the 1986 term. One of the better known cases on which Caminker worked was that of Watkins vs. U.S. Army,in which the court held that sexual orientation was a "suspect classification"andinvalidatedarmy rulesrequiringautomaticdischargeof homosexuals. The decision was later affirmed en bane on narrower grounds. During Caminker's tenure, Judge Norris alsodecided U.S. vs. Sokolow, more popularly known as the "Drug Courier Profile Case." Judge Norris ruled in that case that the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure was violated when drug agents searched a person based on suspicion generated solely because the person exhibited traits compiled in a courier profile. That1987 opinion was reversed by theSupremeCourt in its 1988term.

Evan Caminker

From Judge Norris' chambers, Caminker went to the Center for Law in the Public Interest, where he dealt with employment discrimination and qui tam cases. Thelatterenabled employees of defense contractors to sue their employers on behalf of the government. With the U.S. as co-plaintiff, these employees were afforded protection from some of the consequences previously suffered by industry whistle-blowers, as well as a share of the financialrecovery. Caminker's expertise with qui tam cases contributed to the second of his published works in the Yale Law Journal, "The Constitutionality of Qui Tam Actions" (99 Yale Law Journal 341, 1989).

From 1988-1989 Caminker worked at the law offices of Wilmer,Cutler & Pickeringin Washington,D.C., writing briefsfor cases about to be heard at theSupreme Court. Then,Caminker became a clerk to Justice Brennan for the1989 term.

The incredibly intellectually charged

atmosphere-"angst-producing," as Caminker says,with enormouspotential for politically significant consequences -combined with the honor of working with justice Brennan,resultedin Caminker's "dreamjob." In retrospect, Caminker expressesesteemnot only for Brennan'sgreatskills as a jurist,but also for his charm,inspiration and caring (even loving) attitude toward those close to him.

Among the best-known cases decided by the court during Caminker's term there were the "flag-burning case" of U.S. vs. Eichman and Metro Broadcasting vs. FCC,a challenge to the constitutionality of the FCC's affirmativeactionpolicy Both were 5-4 decisions written by Justice Brennan.

After the close of his term at the SupremeCourt,Caminker vacationed by backpacking in theSouthwest and traveling to parts of Asia before settling in at UCLA Law.

Committed to public interest work since his student days,Professor Caminker hopes to generate a similar awareness within his UCLA classes. Outside the classroom,Caminker isnot waiting until summer to indulge in "lotsof beach volleyball."

Menkel-Meadow Given National Award

Professor Carrie Menkel-Meadow of the School ofLaw has received the highest honor awarded by the Center for Public Resourcesin recognition of legal scholarshipon alternative dispute resolution.

ProfessorMenkel-Meadow was given tophonorsin the category of OutstandingProfessional Article during the CPR annual meeting in New York in January,for her article "PursuingSettlementin an Adversary Culture" which appeared in the Florida State Law Review. This is the second time Menkel-Meadow has received the award.

The Center forPublicResourcesis a coalition of general counsel of major corporations,law firms,academics and federal judges committed to the use of alternative dispute resolution asa meansof confronting the explosionin litigation.

Recipients of the UCLA Public Interest Awards are, from left, Professor Christine A. Littleton, students Nana Gyamfi and Richard Verches, and alumnus Harry W. Snyder '63.

Public Interest Awards Honor Four In Law Community

Four members of theSchoolof Law community were honored for their achievements in public interestlaw during the secondannual UCLA SchoolofLaw PublicInterest Awards ceremonyin April.

The awards-given to an alumnus, two students and a professor-are named after four UCLAlaw alumni, whoseowncareersreflectdistinguished public service.

Harry W. Snyder '63, who directs the WestCoastregionalofficeofConsumers Union inSan Francisco, received the Antonia G. Hernandez Award. Snyder represents consumer interests before courts,administrative agencies and state and federal legislatures. Among his achievements,he played a part inthecampaign to forcethe Reagan administration to distribute surplus

cheese to the poor,reached a settlement with theState Bar permitting lawyer advertising, and once helped save Californians $50 million a year by eliminating a state statute that set minimum retail prices for milk.

Accepting the award, Snyder surveyedstudentsseatedbefore him in the lecture hall and commented, "I find myself full of emotion here today. I had some of the worst and some of the best momentsof my life in this very room. This award means a great deal to me."

Richard Verches,in his third year of law at UCLA, received the Nancy J. Mintie award. He was the founding chair of theInternational Human Rights Law Association at UCLA, he helped to draft model legislation against racial discrimination while working at the United NationsinGeneva,and several times each week he serves as a volunteer teacher at twoLos Angeles high schools.

Verches said that receiving the award "culminates my career at UCLA," and in presenting it to him, Nancy Mintie '79 observed, "Idealism is a very real and powerful force."

Nana Gyamfi, a second-year law

student,was recipient of the Joseph HairstonDuffAward.Sheiscommunity service director of the BlackLaw Students' Association at UCLA and she works as a volunteer withCommunity Outreach and Development,a Watts-based organization which includes a homeless project and a legal assistance program.

Gyamfi expressed particular satisfactionthatthe awards ceremony itself symbolized a growth in commitment to publicinterest work.

Professor Christine A. Littleton received the Frederic P. Sutherland Award. A board member of the ACLU ofSouthern California and the Women's LawCenter, Littleton also was counsel for the Coalition for Reproductive Equality in the Workplace; in the latter role, she filed an amicus brief in a case before the U.S. Supreme Court, in which the court upheld aCalifornia law mandating unpaid leave for employees temporarily disabled by pregnancy,childbirth or related medical conditions.

"It's wonderful to be appreciated for the things you value most," said Littleton.

The two student awards were accompanied by cash prizes from the Morrison and Foerster Foundation. Richard Fybel '71, presenting those prizes on behalf of Morrison and Foerster, said: "We applaud the recipients. We agree that you should follow your heart; in the corporate world also, there is time to do good works. We are proud to be associated with these awards."

40th Roscoe Pound Tournament Climaxes MootCourt Year

In a milestone for the school's Moot Court Honors Program, four finalists presented oral arguments in the 40th annual Roscoe Pound Tournament in March. Culminating a year of intramural competition. the four top oral advocates were Jamie Feuerman, Elaine Mandel,Gerald Pauling and Anna Rastor.

The four finalists all will be oral advocates on UCLA's national Moot

Court team next year. Anna Rastor received the Cadwalader Award for best advocate. The best brief writers were Kris Vyas and Stuart Block, who will also be members of the team entering national competition.

Judging the Roscoe Pound competition were Justice Armand Arabian of the California Supreme Court, Judge Harry Pregerson of the 9th U.S Circuit Court of Appeals and Professor Cruz Reynoso of UCLA, former justice of the California Supreme Court.

The competition climaxed a year's work for more than 100 students who briefed and argued cases before members of thebench and bar. Among the issues argued in the hypothetical case were whether the right of a married couple toprocreate and be parents outweighs the right of a nongenetic surrogate mother to have an abortion.

The past year was an exceptional one in the Moot Court program. In addition to enteringother competitions, UCLA students also hosted the statewide Roger J. Traynor Competition and the school's national Moot Court team competed in the national finals in New York City.

Rutter Award Honors Kris Knaplund For Teaching Excellence

Professor Kris Knaplund has been chosen the 1991 recipientof the Rutter Award for Excellencein Teaching at the Schoolof Law.

Attorney William A. Rutter establishedtheannualaward,presented since 1979 at UCLA, to recognize creativity and accomplishments in teaching.

This year's award recognizes Kris Knaplund notonly for her teaching of legal research and writing, said Dean Susan Westerberg Prager at the presentation, but also for her development of UCLA'sacademic supportprograms which arerecognized by educators as a national model. The academic support programs pioneered at UCLA have been implemented by other law schools, which often seek KnapIund's advice.

Kris Knaplund

Students whose comments were quoted at the RutterAward program characterized Knaplund as "one of the strongestlinks in the academic chain," ateacher who is "caring and effective," whopossesses a "rare combination of passionand dispassion."

ProfessorStephenYeazell, in a note to Knaplund which was read at the presentation, wrote: "You do the most difficult teachingin the law schooland do it splendidly. You have treated your students with respect and care, but you have also insisted that they live up to your, and their own, high standards."

Of her own success in teaching, Knaplund said: "Teaching has simply been helping students find the right path, and then lighting the candles along the way. Many students have followed me along the path, and some have led.'"

PILF Funding Makes Fellowships, Summer Projectsa Reality

Two members of the Classof '91 have received postgraduate fellowships from the UCLA Public InterestLaw Foundation (PILF) which will assist them inyear-longpublicservice

projects.

Seth Grob was awarded $8,000 for work he will begin in the fall at the Children's Legal Clinic in Denver. He will represent children in abuse and neglect cases, and hopes to establish a network ofattorneyswhowillrepresent children on a publicinterest basis.

Sharon Allard received a $6,000 awardtoprovidelegalservicestoclients at the Jenesse Center, a domestic violenceshelter in South-Central Los Angeles. When she begins the project in the fall, she will be the first and only attorney on the Jenesse staff.

PILF offers the postgraduate fellowships because of the shortage of entry levelpositions in public interest law. "We see the grants as seed money to help graduates obtain jobs in the public sector," said PILF PresidentLisa Hone. "Pastrecipients havereceived full-timepublicinterestlaw jobsafter the fellowship is over."

In addition, 13 law students were awarded grants from PILF to work on projects this summer.

The 1991 summer grant recipients and the agencies where they will workare: Lisa Appleberry, NAACP Legal DefenseFund; Aide Cabeza, Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund; Marc Dohan, San Fernando Valley Neighborhood Legal Services; Mark Drozdowski, ACLU Free Speech Project; Jeffrey Galvin, International Institute Immigrant Advocacy; Nana Gyamfi, Black Law Tnstilute; Theresa Han, Asian Pacific American Legal Center; Charmaine Huntting, UrbanIndian Food Program; Gabrielle Jackson, Legal Aid Foundation ofLos Angeles; Will McClaren, Gay and Lesbian Community Services HIV Law Project; Lisa Payne, East Palo Alto Community Law Project; Carolina Perez, California RuralLegal Assistance Program; and Laurie Sobel, National Health Law Program.

The PILF grants are funded through direct contributions from students, faculty and alumni of the UCLA School of Law. Many students pledge one day's income from their own summer jobs to support the summer public-interest work of their classmates.

A matching grant was established this year by Stewart Resnick '62 in support of public interest work at the law school. This grant matches the student-raised funds, which effectively doublesthe significance of each individual gift to the PILF campaign.

Holly Paul '91 Has A Different Insight On Her Blindness

Peopleoften express awe as they observe HollyPaul, a '91 graduate of theSchoolofLaw,who has indeed achieved an awesome record of accomplishments.

She was a member of the Moot Court team representing UCLA in the prestigious RogerJ.TraynorCompetition in April,an event hostedby UCLA with participating teams of student advocates from 18 California lawschools. Her distinguished academic standing placed her very close tothe top among 337 law students in the Class of '91. This academic distinction earned her the law school's Karen Dorey Award and the UCLA Alumni Association's Ou!standing Graduate Award.

This fall,she willbegin her legal career in the coveted postilion of law clerkto Judge HarryPregerson of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.

Little wonder that observers marvel at Holly's success in overcoming the loss of her sight. The remarkable fact, however,is that Holly and those who know her well realize that as a person with a disability she functions very much like anyone else in her chosen career.

There are some technological marvels-such as optical scanners and computers with voice synthesiswhich give invaluable aid toblind students who must cover a vast volume of printed material. Beyond those innovations of technology, the secret of HollyPaul's success has been her own hard work.

"Law school is really the hardest thingI have everdone," Holly said, "not so much because the courses and the material were difficult-but because of the time element. There were just too many things to do,andI am not comfortable taking short cuts."

UCLA was an ideal environment, she added. "Everyone at the law school was particularlyaccommodating.Professors, staff, librariansandstudents were eager to help in any way they could.I loved law school.I'm excited about working for Judge Pregerson, and at the sametime l wasreluctanttoleave UCLA becauseI had such a great experience there."

Just a few years out of college at Cal State Northridge, HollyPaul had been a production supervisor for a film company; then, in a period of only a few months, she lost her vision as the result of diabetes.

"I looked at the loss of sight as an opportunity to do somethingnew, something more fulfilling," Holly said. Law,always an interest in the back of her mind, more clearly became the channel through vvhich she could help others and also influence social policy. Always an activist, Holly had been a member of theLos AngelesCounty Democratic Central Committee and she worked on such projects as health planning and urban housing.

Her interests in law school centered on bioethical and health care issues, and it was experience in writing an appellate brief which encouraged her to enter MootCourt competition.In hersecond year of law school,she succeeded all the way to the final round of UCLA's intramural Moot Court competition-earning her a place on the TraynorCompetition team.

Listening to Holly Paul advance her case in oral advocacy,it's easy to forget that she is blind.In the intensity of work,in fact,herclassmatesdid sometimes forget-wandering off and leavingHolly to follow behind. Such incidents, when people forget her disabilitv, seem a tribute to how well Holly ha; overcome her loss of sight.

"Peopleoften come up and tell me how much they admire me. That is

really nice," Holly observed, '·but if they werein my position they would do the same thing. We are not super human beings, and what l havedone is not that impossible or incredible. .

UCLA Alumni Awards Spotlight Legal Profession

The annual UCLA Alumni Awards Ceremonyon June9, in which members of the entire University community were recognized for distinguished achievements, proved also to be a day of major recognition for the law school.

Antonia Hernandez '74 received the Edward A. Dickson Alumnus of the Year Award, UCLA's oldest and highest alumni tribute,and the ceremonytook special note of her success in "changing the American political landscape" and achieving "her dream to see her fellow Hispanics achieve full participation" in national life. (See profile in this issue's lead article.)

Florentino Garza '56 was a recipient of the Professional Achievement Award. and he was cited as "the embodiment of all that a successful attorney should be within this community.'' The award noted his independent and communityorientedpracticeof law in San Bernardino,for which he has received "some of the mostprestigioushonors that the law profession can bestow."

ProfessorMichaelAsimow wasdoubly honored since his Distinguished TeachingAward was also designated as the Award for Distinction in Graduate Training. "His powerful energy and sense of humor can turn even a basic tax course into an exciting educational experience," noted the award citation. "A model teacher in the finest sense, Asimow has earned a lofty place in the annals of law education. Manv of his former students look back, fro'm successful careers, and remember how much richer their law education was because they were Iucky enough to study with Michael Asimow."

HollyPaul '91 was a recipient of the Outstanding GraduateStudent Award, whichnotedthat "againstoverwhelming odds, she has found within herself the strength to fulfill her potential."

(See profile in this section.)

Holly Paul

A FamiliarAndNew Venue

The Annual Dean's Dinner, whichhonors donors and special friends of the school, took placethis year in a location which was both familiar and new, the Law School Courtyard. The courtyard's redwood trees, preserved while the building addition was beingconstructed around them, certainly were familiar to decades of alumni. But everything else on the courtyard, from benches and tables to landscaping, was a fresh surpriseto dinner guests whohadn't visitedthe law building in a while.

As Dean Susan Westerberg Prager notedinher welcoming remarks, this wasthe first alumnieventinthe courtyard, which she described as "the centerpiece" of the building addition. The next challenge for the school and its friends, she said, will be construction

of the Hugh and Hazel Darling Law Library addition Michael Waldolf '67 introduced new members of the Founders, amajor support group whose membership now totals 302.

DanielP. Garcia'74 washonoredas Alumnusofthe Year, and achieving the award at this point in his career, he said, "has been an odyssey for me."

The evening was highlighted by tributes to members of the law faculty who have retired or will retire this year: Professor Benjamin Aaron (who retired in 1986), Professor John A. Bauman, Vice Chancellor Harold W. Horowitz, Professor Edgar A. Jones, Jr., Executive Vice Chancellor Murray L. Schwartz and Professor James D. Sumner, Jr. (who retired in 1989).

During the pre-dinner social hour (above), Robert and Carol Shahin enjoy a moment with Roz and Monte Livingston.

Right: Daniel P. Garcia accepts the Alumnus of the Year award. Opposite page: The lawschool courtyard was scene of thereception and the Dean's Dinner.

Below: Honored atthe dinner were Vice Chancellor Harold W Horowitz, Executive Vice Chancellor Murray L. Schwartz, Professors James D. Sumner, Jr., Edgar A. Jones, Jr., Benjamin Aaron and John A. Bauman.

Classnotes

The 1950s

Marvin Juhas '54 has been elected presidentof The Guardiansofthe Jewish Homesfor the Aging. a supportgroup for the nearly 900 elderlyresidents living on the homes' two campuses in Reseda.

Donald A. Ruston '54, a partner at Lewis, D'Amato, Brisbois & Bisgaard in Costa Mesa, has been reelected secretary of the board oftrusteesof the National Institute for Trial Advocacy

George Franscell '58, civil defense attorney for police officers and their agencies, was one of thepresentersat the Proactive Civil Liability and Image Management seminar in Ontario in January1991.

The 1960s

Sheldon G. Bardach '61, John Sharer '61 and David Waller '61 are partners in Central Park West, a restaurant and wine bar in Brentwood.

Fred Selan '65 has become of counsel to Jeffer, Mangels, Butler & Marmara in the firm's corporate and financial department.

Barry Russell '66, a U.S. Bankruptcy Judge for the Central District ofCalifornia, was installed national president of the 15,000 member Federal Bar Association for the 1991 fiscal year Russell was appointed to the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel for the 9thCircuit in 1988.

Richard M. Brown '67 was appointed president and chief executive officer of theCalifornia Angels Major League BaseballClub.

Barry A. Fisher '68 spent part of November1990 in Romania consulting with government and political party leadersonanew Romanianconstitution. He is featured in a scene of the movie Mobsters, playing in his klezmerband, Ellis Island.

Sally Pasette '69 has been appointed Judge of the KingCounty, Washington, SuperiorCourtbyGovernorBooth Gardner

The 1970s

Scott J. Spolin '70 has formed a new law firm, Spolin, Brynan, Wisnicki & Weiss, in Los Angeles.

Marc P. Bratman '73 has joined the Century City office of Deloitte & Touche. specializing in international taxfor entertainers.

Joshua Dressler '73 received the DonaId Gordon Teaching Excellence Award from the alumni at Wayne State University LawSchool. His second text, Understanding Criminal Procedure, was published in March1991.

Nathalie Hoffman '73 has merged her firm with Gipson. Hoffman & Pancione. She is a principal in the new firm's entertainment group.

Kenneth M. Stern '73 is the managing partnerof Weissburg and Aronson. His specialty is in medicalstaff litigation, licensinglaw, consentissues and rightto-die issues.

Marilyn Yarbrough '73, Dean and Professorof Law at the University of Tennessee, received the annualSALT Teaching Award from theSociety of American Law Teachersat its annual meetingin Washington, D.C.She also

waselectedto the Pulitzer Prize Board, and wasrecipientofthe YWCA's Tribute to Women Award.

Alan Frederick '74 authored chapters forCEB's Civil Procedure Before Tial and California Liability Insurance on interpleader

Barbara A. Hindin '74isnowofcounsel toShaw, Pittman, Potts & Trowbridge in Washington, D.C., specializing in environmental law She was previously assistant general counsel attheChemicalManufacturersAssociation in Washington.

Randolph C. Visser '74, partner in the Los Angeles office of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius since1984, is chair of the firm'sLos Angelesgovernmentregulationsection, emphasizingenvironmental counseling and Iiligation.

Richard P. Yang '74 and his firm, Quan, Cohen, Kurahashi, Hsieh & Scholtz, have relocated from Chinatown to downtown Los Angeles. Henotesthat while missing theChinese cuisine, he isnow closer to the financial and legal heartbeat of Los Angeles.

Doug Close '75 isvice president and general counsel of the Farmers Insurance Group ofCompanies.

Robert A. Green '75 reports that in July 1990 he became president of the Lawyers' Club of Los Angeles County, a local bar association organized in1931 and committed to community service, continuing education and collegiality.

Andrew J. Guilford '75 is the1991 Presidentof the OrangeCountyBar Association. He hasbeen a business trial attorney at Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton since graduation from law school.

David Pettit ·75 has become a principal in the firm of Hedges, Powe &Caldwell.

Marc I. Steinberg '75, on sabbatical at Southern Methodist University where he is Radford Professorof Law, was invited to be a visitingscholar at law schoolsin New Zealand and Australia.

James P. Donohue '76 is a partner in the Seattle and Portland firm of Miller, Nash, Wiener, Hager & Carlsen. His practice in Seattle emphasizes intellectual proper_ty, securities and commercial litigation.

Richard W. Vorpe '76 has become the new director of planned giving for the University of California,Davis. He will head a programthatfocuseson trusts and bequests.

Jenny E. Fisher '76 and Richard Purtich '77 announce the birth of their daughter, Kirstin AlannaPurtich,on August28,1990. She weighed7 pounds,11 ounces and measured20% inches.

Lawrence D. Walker '76 was elected to a two-year term as chairman of the Board of Supervisors ofSan Bernardino County by fellow supervisors in January1991, after having won reelection to a second four-year term with theboard in November1990. He and his wife,Carri,reside in Chinoand celebrated the birth of their first child, Lawrence McClellan Walker, on December16,1990.

Lynne R. Alfasso '78 hasmoved with her family to Olympia, Washington.

Richard Freer '78 has been appointed associate vice president for academic affairs at Emory University, where he continues also to teach in theSchool of Law Professor Freer edits, with James William Moore of Yale,Moore'sFederal Practice (Matthew Bender).

Sara Pfrommer '78 has become a partner ofSheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton, and is continuing her practicein creditor's rightsinthefirm's Los Angelesoffice.

Boyd D. Hudson'78 isa partnerinthe firm of Martin & Hudson,specializing intaxlitigation.

Edmundo J. Moran'78 hasbeen appointedStateBardelegatetothe American Bar AssociationHouseofDelegatesby theStateBarBoardof Governors.

Kneave Riggall'78 recently published twotax articles: "Seniors,Divorceand thePortable Assessment" inFamily Law News & Review (Fall1990) and "Divorce andSection1031: Howto Fix Twoofthe Problems LeftbySection1041,"69 Taxes41

Michael A. Robbins'78 hasbecomea memberof Rosenfeld, Meyer& Susman inBeverly Hillsand willbepartnerin chargeofthefirm'slaborlawpractice.

Gary Owen Caris '79 became managingpartnerofFrandzel& Sharein Los Angeles.

Adam E. Hofberg'79 joined thelegal andgovernmentrelationsdivisionof UnionBank in the Los Angelesofficeas vicepresidentandcounsel.

Alan Zarky '79 haswrittenamonograph, "Defending the Corporation in CriminalProsecutions: A Legaland PracticalGuidetotheResponsibleCorporateOfficerandCollective Knowledge Doctrines."

The 1980s

Dawne A. Casselle '80 has relocated from Los Angeles to Allentown,Pennsylvania, where she has opened law offices. Her firm hasdevelopeda general practice throughout the Lehigh Valley.

Dennis S. Diaz '80 has become a partner with the law firm of Musick, Peeler & Garrett in Los Angeles. He continues to specialize in health care matters.

Peter Espinoza '80 was appointed Commissioner of the Los Angeles County Superior Court in September 1990.

Dennis J. Landin '80 has been promoted to the position of chief deputy after serving four years as the senior trial attorney in the Office of Federal PublicDefender, Central District of California.

Laurie Levenson '80gavebirth December7,1990 to a daughter,Hava Arin Levenson Mire!!. Thebaby is named after Judge James Hunter, III, for whom Laurie clerked after law school graduation. She writes: "We call our little girl 'Havi Hunter.' "

Laurel S. Terry '80, a professor at the DickinsonSchool of Law, has received a Fulbright research grant under the

1991-92 Fulbright Scholar Program. She will conduct a year-long comparative study of Austrian and American legal ethics in Austria during the coming academic year.

Diane Coleman '81 is organizing disability rights activists in the Southeastern states and working primarily with ADAPT (American Disabled for AttendantProgramsToday). Sheisliving in Cumberland Furnace,Tennessee, in a partially renovatedoldrural schoolhouse which is planned as a disability culturalcenterand retreat.

Michael J. Finkle '81 was recently named the trial unit supervisor for the criminal division of the Seattle City Attorney's Office. He and his wife, Judy, live in Redmond, Washington.

Julie S. Mebane '81 and Kenneth J. Stipanov'81 aremembersofShannahan, Smith, Scalone & Stipanov in La Jolla. He is beginning a two-yearterm as cochair of the San Diego County Bar real property section.

Hoyt Zia '81 is ofcounselto Amfac/JMB Hawaii, overseeing Hawaii litigation cases and also working on agricultural, property and Amfac Distribution matters.

Thomas Bliss '82 has left free-lance producingto become vice president of production at Beacon Communications. He supervises the production of theatrical films.

David A. Solitare '82 recently opened his own practice in Century City dedicatedto tax and related fields, estate planning, corporate and transactional law. He ran the Los Angeles Marathon in March.

Dirk W. van de Bunt '82 has been promoted to vice president, business affairs, for the network television division of Paramount Pictures. He is responsible fornegotiations with the networksand agents for the employment of producers, writers, and directors.

Dana E. Miles '83 joined Ashton-Tate in Torrance as deputy general counsel and is responsible for the company's U.S. legal affairs.

Marilyn S. Pecsok '83 is a member of the firm ofSnyder, Polin & Pecsok in Pacific Palisades.

Nora Quinn '83 is now a partner with Miller& WalterinSan LuisObispo.She is the mother of one-year-old Clinton Edward Quinn Ehrlich, who accompanies her to the office, "much to the amusement of partners and clients."

Nancy Baldwin Reimann '83 became a partner of Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton in January and is continuing her practice in banking and finance, tax and estateplanning in the Los Angeles office.

Daniel W. Skubik '83 is an international legal and political risk analyst andlecturerin internationalbusiness relations at Griffith University, Australia. He recently published a book in jurisprudence, At the Intersection of Legality and Morality (Peter Lang, 1990).

Joan A.Wolff'83 has become a partner at Alschuler, Grossman & Pines.She practices in the area of land use and real estate law.

Sally M. Abel '84 has become a partner in the firm of Fenwick & West in Palo Alto and specializes in trademark law.She and her husband, Mogens Lauritzen, recently celebrated the birth of their son, Bjorn.

Daniel E.D. Friesen '84 has become a partner of Davis, Graham & Stubbs in the firm'sDenveroffice.

Danton K. Mak '84 is a partner at Sheldon & Mak. The firm recently finished editing the California Intellectual Property Handbook, which is a desk book of California and federal statutes.Matthew Bender is publishing the1991 edition.

Lawrence S.Markowitz '84 recently married Elizabeth Diane Parker. He is a shareholder of Markowitz & Markowitz in York, Pennsylvania, and specializes inpersonalinjurylitigationand employment and commercial litigation.

ScottD. Radovich '84 has become a partner in the firm of Case & Lynch in Honolulu, where his practiceis concentrated in the real estate department.

James E. Rogan '84 was appointed in November to the Glendale Municipal Court by Governor Deukmejian.He worked six years in the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office trying major felonies.At age33, he becomes one of the youngestjudges in the state.

John R.Wylie '84 recently opened his own law office in Chicago as a solo practitionerwith a general practice.

Mike Ellickson '85 joined the firm of Jaqua & Wheatley of Eugene, Oregon, where he continues to practice general civil litigation.

Felipe D.Hueso '85 has opened his own practicein San Diego specializing in legal advocacy for low income persons, minorities and immigrants.

Colleen Martin '85 for five years worked in the Office of the General Counselfor the Department of Health and Human Services, drug and medical device division, primarily prosecuting prescription drug counterfeiters and purveyors of fraudulent AIDS and cancer therapies.In October, she became associated with Hogan & Hartson in Washington, D.C., where she specializes in health law.

Roger Rosen '85 opened his own law officeinNovember1990inLosAngeles.

Arnold H.Wuhrman '85 is leaving the practice of law to study for ordination as a rabbi at the Hebrew Union CollegeJewish Institute of Religion in Jerusalem in1991-92, after which he will returnto Cincinnati.

Susan Abraham '86 and her husband, Naren Ramanuj, had their second baby girl on September29, 1990, after which she took maternity leave from her parttime position practicing probate law with Valensi, Rose & Magaram in Los Angeles.

Thomas A.Brill '86 isnow with the law offices of Federico Castelan Sayre in Santa Monica.

Nancy C. Kraybill '86 became a principal in the firm of Hedges, Powe & Caldwell in November1990.

Wendy Marshall Hughes'86 is now associated with the firm of Belin & Rawlings in Los Angeles.

Colleen Conway McAndrews '86 formed Simmons & McAndrews in1986, specializing in elections and political law.Located in Santa Monica, the firm represented several of the major proposition committees on the November 1990 ballot as well as numerous candidates and PACs.

Denise Meyer'86 became aSupervising Trial Deputy FederalPublicDefender in Los Angeles.

Laurie J.Taylor '86 has become associated with the firm of Hedges, Powe & Caldwell in Los Angeles.

Tom Hardy '87 has formed the firm of Buchanan & Hardy in Bishop.His practice focuses on criminal defense and an array of civil matters.He is also a parttime Juvenile Court Public Defender for Inyo County.

Bryan Hidalgo '87 has become associate director of business and legal affairs for MCA Records.Previously, he was music legal affairs attorney for Columbia Pictures.

Natasha R. Ray '87 has become associated with Gutierrez& Associatesin San Francisco, practicing in the areas of civil litigation and commercial bankruptcy.

Janet R.Rich '88 has become an associate of Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton, in the firm's Los Angeles office.

ThomasD. Roth '88 is currently practicing environmental litigation with the law firm of Cutler & Stanfield in Washington, D.C.

Ronald O. Sally '88 recently joined the law firm of Crosby, Heafey, Roach & May in Los Angeles.He practicesin the areas ofbusiness litigation, products liability, commercial real estate and the representation of professional athletes and entertainers.

Christopher C. Welch '88 has become associated with Friedman, Sloan & Ross in San Francisco.

Lisa Jacobsen '89 has joined Rosenfeld, Meyer & Susman'slitigation department as an associate.

The 1990s

Adam S.Bram '90 has become an associate of Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton in the firm's Los Angeles office.

RebeccaEdelson '90 has become associated with Alschuler, Grossman & Pines.

SaraE. Feldman '90 has become associatedwith Riddell, William, Bullitt & Walkinshaw in Seattle.

Carol J. Garris '90 and Leslie L. Hecht '90 havebecome associatesof Sheppard, Mullin, Richter& Hamptoninthefirm's Los Angelesoffice.

David Hirshland '90 has become associated with Rosenfeld, Meyer & Susman.

Matthew R. Ross '90 hasbecome an associateof Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton in the firm's San Francisco office.

Stacey Lee Schwartz '90 has become associated with the firm of Querrey & Harrow, Ltd. inChicago, Illinois.

Calendar ofEvents

Saturday, June 29, 1991-Class of '71 Reunion, Riviera Country Club, Pacific Palisades;7:00 p.m.

Saturday, August 10, 1991-UCLA Reception at the AmericanBar Association with Professor Michael Asimow, Westin Peachtree Plaza, Atlanta, GA; 5:00 p.m.-7:00 p.m.

Monday, September 16, 1991-StateBar

Friday and Saturday, October 25 and 26, 1991-40th Anniversary Celebration and DedicationoftheBuildingAddition, School of Law.

For further information, please call Maureen Depolo at (213) 825-2890. IN MEMORIAM

John Judson Crimmins '71

Joseph Leon ,87 Luncheon, The Anaheim Hilton and Towers Hotel.

Saturday, September 21, 1991-Class of '81 Reunion, Faculty Center;7:00 p.m.

Sunday, September 22, 1991-Class of '81 Picnic for family get-together, Sunset Recreation Center.

Saturday, September 28, 1991-Class of '66 Reunion, location TBA.

Barton M. Myerson '70

Vance Gary Prutsman '70

Stephen Scott Rodde '79

David Simon '55

J. Howard Sturman '56

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