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WomenintheLaw
n 1952, the legal profession looked upon women much as did the Navy-bad luck to have on board. In that year, UCLA graduated its first class of lawyers, 10 percent of them women. Of those five women out of a class of 50, two were first and second in the class. In the 25 years since, attitudes have changed dramatically, at least in part due to the outstanding performances of UCLA's women in the law.
Those first women from the law school rarely saw themselves as pioneers of the cause of women's liberation. What they wanted was to be good lawyers. The obstacles they faced were immense.
"WhenI graduated, women were simply anathema to the legal profession," says Geraldine Hemmerling '52, one of the women in that first class. When a high-ranking male friend in her class did not pass the bar, she managed to get the job he had secured but could not keep.
By the 1960s and 1970s, when women's rights came to the fore as a major social issue, Hemmerling was already securely where she had wanted to go as a successful tax lawyer. As for any regrets about having missed the days of women's liberation when the movement might have been most helpful, she says: "I suppose years ago when I went into law I would have been considered a liberated woman, butI'm not sureI �ould fit the current stereotype of a woman professional. I've made compromises. I certainly feel that I could have advanced farther in the early years if I could have devoted all my time to a legal career."
Women who today expect an equal sharing of family responsibilities with the spouse expect more than could be expected two decades ago, she notes. When it came her turn, Hemmerling took her place as a crossing guard for school children along with the other housewives. "I can't see the liberated women coming out of law school today doing that," she says.
But having lived to some extent both the past and futureroles of women,she has also reaped some of the benefits of both worlds. "If I had to say what comes first in my life, it would be my family. But most of my friends do not have careers, and they are desperately tryingto find somethingto fulfillthemselves.IfI were justa housewifeat thispoint with bothchildren gone, I think it would be a very difficult life."
Onewho sawthe issue very clearly, and saw the life she wanted at stake, is Joan Dempsey Klein '55, now the Presiding Justice of Division Three of the California Court of Appeal. "I saw my own mother playing a very minimal role, never having an opportunity to be a fullperson and, I felt.neverbeinggiven the credibility and integrity she deserved as a human being," she says.
After graduation from college, she spent a year travelling around Europe as a professional swimmer and decided the law could give her the life she wanted. Friends, teachers, counselors, boyfriends and her father offered no support. Her mother told her clandestinely that she would help her if she could.
After law school, she avoided the de facto ban on women among law firms by ingratiating herself with the state attorney general's office, where she was of-
/
GeraldineHemmerling '52
fered a job at a starting salary of $240 a month. By force of determination, she attained success, she feels, in spite of the social climate in which her career has taken place. The growth in the women's movement she fmds very satisfying, particularly the gains of women in the law schools. "I consider that most significant because lawyers are on the cutting edge of improvement in a society," she says.
She insists the growing numbersof womenlawyers will sharpen that cutting edge. Says she: "Women are a numerical majority, yet we have all the characteristics of a minority. I don't see how a person who has suffered being the brunt of other people's bad jokes, who has been told 'you can't eat here' or 'you are not competent to handle a job' can help but empathize with others in such situations unless she has a very perverted course of logic. Women can't help but want tohelp others eliminate that kind of cultural pattern."
Personalsacrifices, even beyond those encountered by all working mothers, she feels were unavoidable. "It's one thing to have a mother who is a shopkeeper,
Mariana Pfaelzer '57
another to have a mother who's a lawyer and a judge. Anything in a family that's different from other families, kids get concerned about. But I think raising kids is always a struggle. I would never suggest to a woman not to go through it.
"Women today can go into the law with the full support of family and friends and without the pressures that people like myself had to bear," she says. "And so we see a lot of smiling female faces trodding off to law school and just being part of a lot of people going, and I think that's great," she says, but she is somewhat dismayed by the lack of feminist consciousness behind some of those smiling faces. "It's because they haven't worked in the pits," she says. "That raises your consciousness."
Mariana Pfaelzer '57, one of the most distinguished lawyers in Los Angeles, agrees. "I'm not positive that young women beginning legal careers now totally understand how difficult it was for the ones who went before," she says. "But I'm not sure that it makes any difference whether they door not.They are
Andrea Ordin '65
sosupportive,thatIhadtolearnfrommywomenlaw students who sometimes did encounter prejudice," shesays.
Like most women in the law, she is married to a husband who is also in the law. "I've seen husband andwifeteamstrytospliteverythingdownthe middle. That doesn't work. You both have to be willing to do everything," she says.
Like Klein, and unlike most of the women interviewed for this article, Nelson believes women will have an impact on the law. "I believe the fact that women bearchildren physically gives th':lrndifferent sensibilities and attitudes," she says. "I think the feelingsandsensitivitiesofmenandwomenbalance, and both are necessary to have a balanced society." The proper balance will beachieved as more women take their places in high policy making positions. Certain social problems will be approached differently by women. "I think we are now realizing that the court system is not the answer to many of the
problemswearegivingit.TheGaultcase,whichgave all adult rightsexcept jury trial and bail to juveniles, has not improved the juvenile court system in that kids are not corning out any better than before. This raises the need for alternative ways of handling juvenilesandevenadults.Women,becauseoftherole inwhichthey have been casted bysociety,have been most closely associated with the early training of children and will bring fresh choices and actually change some of our decision making," says Nelson.
Over a decade after Nelson's graduation, when Andrea Ordin '65 left the UCLA law school, her first intervieweraskedherhowshethoughtshewasgoing togetoverbeingawoman.''IsaidIhadnointentionof gettingoverit,"shesays.Thirteenyearslater,nowthe United States Attorney for the Central District of California, she feels that the secret to success is sex· less,largelya matter of being in the right place atthe right time and being smart enough to take advantage of an opportunity when it knocks.
SusanPrager'71
Working for the state attorney general's office, she was assigned the first brief for the juvenile court, she is certain, because she was a woman and women are supposed to be interested in kids. She was in fact interested. In a new area of the law that afforded great visibility, she became well-known as a juvenile court expert. "It was a matter of being in the right place at the right time and using a stereotype to your advantage," she says.
"That's generally what happens for people who are successful. It has nothing to do with being a woman or a man. Those who have been successful can look around and see many other people with the same intelligence and ability to work hard for whom things have not worked out as well."
Yet even as one who has already changed the law herself in such areas as consumer rights and juvenile appeals, Ordin sees little influence of the increasing numbers of women lawyers by virtue of the fact that they are women. "Certain types of issues have indeed
been affected by the additional numbers of women in the profession but those are fairly unique," she says. These are issues such as abortion, rape, and sex discriminationwhich affect women directly. It would be hardto predicthow even a SupremeCourt madeup of women justices would construe the Constitution. Says Ordin: "I don't think there are characteristics that are uniquely women'swhich would lead them to an overall change in the interpretation of the law."
"I don't have a sufficiently optimistic view of humannatureto think that an increase in women will make the profession more moral or more sensitive," agrees Diana Walker '69, the first woman partner with O'Melveny & Myers. "But a variety of people in any setting or a diversity of opinion on any issue is usually advantageous."
Walker, who had never heard of Phyllis Schlafly, considers herself "too much of a philosophical anarchist" to associate herself directly with the women's movement. "Notthat Idon'tsupport some of
DeanDorothyNelson'53
the philosophical goals," she says. "I just don't organize my life that way."
Formerly in social work, now a specialist in corporate securities, Walker remembers an absence of women to show how how one goes about being a lawyer as a female. "I didn't know what male lawyers did either," she says. "But if you come from a cultural environment where you have never seen a lawyer in practice, you may suffer particularly in that you are notsurewhich traits are traditionally masculine traits and which are attorney traits."
"The problems historically associated with race discrimination are not fairly translatable into sex discrimination," she says. "For example, race discrimination is historically associated with economic and educational deprivation. I don't think that's as true of women, who arenota minority tobegin withand who are distributed at all economic levels. A different set of stereotypes deter them."
Thatbeingthe case, could she imagine anallfemale
DianaWalker '69
Supreme Court denying federal funds for abortions for poor women? "If it were an all Catholic women's Supreme Court," she says.
Now doing the recruiting for her furn at the UCLA School of Law, she sees a new breed across the table where she once sat. "WomengraduatesI'm interviewing now seem more self-assured, more comfortablein their roles, less guilt-ridden than many of my contemporaries. And their spouses tend to be more supportive than were spouses 10 years ago."
In the long run, perhaps the best way to influence the law is to influence the way students come to view and understand the law. One field where it's difficult to make sense of the law, perhaps because of an absence of women, is marital property law and family law. "It may wellbe that the field has not received the kind of attention it should havebecausewomen were underrepresented among judges, legislators, and scholars," says Susan Prager '71, a UCLA School of Law alumnus who is one of the four women now on
the faculty of the law school. . ''One of the things that h pens when people workmg with the law don't c:! much about a body of law is that it develops all kinds of rules and approaches that are not related to underlying policies and are not consistent with other rules and approaches," she says.
Today's heightened concern about equal rights for men and women affords an excellent opportunity to shape this area of the law. Prager hopes to play a part in this development. "One of my goals is to help students understand the possibilities for rationalizing the law in property law and family law," says Prager. Yet Prager also suspects that any liberalizing effects on the law by women will probably be shortlived. "The reason I think there will be no long-term effect of sensitivity to minorities is that we will quite quicklyreach the point where women will be roughly 50 percent or even more of the law school population. Once that happens, they will be very unlikely to see themselves as a minority."
Prager also could imagine a Supreme Court of women denying federal funds for abortions or disability benefits for pregnancy. "The fact that_it has been a woman leading the anti-homosexual crusade and a woman leading the anti-ERA movement suggests that it is very dangerous to assume that women would take on a particular viewpoint," she says. By the time Prager went into teaching, there was great pressure to hire women on to faculties. She chose UCLA's law school in part because such pressures were less intense there. Three women were hired on to the UCLA law faculty in the same year. All
three had offers from places stilllooking for their first women. "We recognized that the fact that we were women was a major consideration at schools under great pressure to get at least one woman on to their faculties. We felt this was a place where that was less likely to be a major factor," she says.
Says Carole Goldberg, another tenured woman on the UCLA law faculty: "UCLA has a national reputation for having had so much success with women on the faculty. Harvard was envious," she says after her recent stint teaching in Cambridge.
Goldberg teaches a course in women and the law in which students analyzethe ways thelawhas reflected ideas about women's nature and proper roles in society "This is a very supportive place for women in academic law," she says. "My colleagues have been receptive to injecting women's issues into their courses and have been very encouraging to women going through the tenure process."
If changes in the roles of women in the law are inexorably linked to changes in the roles of women in the family, perhaps more women to help with the legalwork is creating more freedom for men to enjoy their families. Goldberg sees an important drift, already well along in some firms, in an increase in the possibilities for parttime practice for men as well as women. Says Goldberg: "Marriage is relatively easy. The question is having kids in a society which suggests that the women ought to have the major childrearing responsibility. Fathers who lose time with children are frequently just as upset as women frazzled by trying to juggle roles." Perhaps both the law and the family will be improved as a result. D
he Law of Work in America has been hammered out bit by bit as the government fought national emergency strikes, as unions fought employers fortherightsof their members, and as members sometimes fought their own unions for their rights as individuals.
No one-no committee, no council, no conference, no research group-has dug so extensively and so deeply into more different phases of labor law than has Professor Benjamin Aaron of the UCLA School of Law. He is one of the people who has helped to make the practice of labor arbitration work in America. Afternearly ahundredessaysandliterallyathousand arbitration awards, Aaron has come full circle on many ideas and half circle on others, honing theories on the realities of the world of work.
"Experience," Aaron quotes Oscar Wilde, "is the name everyone gives to his own mistakes." If that wouldseem an odd citationfora lawyer, Aaron points out that arbitration is not law but a part of the industrial relations process. "In arbitration, precedent counts for very little, andonelearns a great deal from one's mistakes. The longer one engages in it and the moreexperienceone accumulates,the less sureoneis that certain premises that he accepted as given when he started out are necessarily impregnable."
Some ideas that once seemed unworkable now seem best hopes. "I used to tell my classes year after year that compulsory arbitration was an unworkable system that would ultimately stultify collective bargaining to the point that it couldn't be carried on. Over the years, I've come tothe conclusion in my own mind that compulsory bargaining in some form is probably the best of the methods we now have for deciding new contract disputes in the public sector."
Of course, life itself is an arbitration, a forcing of institutionstoaccommodate the values, interests, and rights of f!.n individual. Aaron grew up in a family of lawyers where law was the perennial topic of the dinner .table. Later, labor-arbitrating friends exerted strong influences. Absorbed in studies at the University of Michigan, he was impressed by a chance meetingwith someoftheauto workers thenengagedinthe sit-down strikes of the 1930s before moving on to Harvard Law School, which he hated.
"Harvard at that time was concerned almost entirely with skills and little with values," says Aaron. "By the time I was through, I knew I didn't want to practice law."
Aaron first went to Washington on a promise of a job with the solicitor's office of the Department of Labor, but on arrival found the quota for his state filled. The job was still his, the personnel officer said,
Benjamin Aaron: TheLaw OfWork
ifhe would simply lie about the stateofhis residence. Aaron refused and spent the next eight months trying to get into labor work. Then came Pearl Harbor and the establishment of the National War Labor Board. Aaron wasthe first person hired, andthe educationhe had wanted in the realities of industrial relations ensued at last.
The National War Labor Board had been set up as the compulsory arbitration board for the whole country and was headed by some of arbitration's most distinguished pioneers. Under the tutelage of exceptional men and exceptional times, Aaron worked 12 hours a day, sometimes around the clock, lost 15 pounds, and was ecstatic with enthusiasm. Though young and inexperienced, he almost immediately was travelling all over the country mediating.
"I'd walk in and people would say, 'You mean they sent you?' "he remembers. But his successes quickly dispelled all doubts.
In Detroit, he set up and ran for 14 months the Detroit ToolandDieCommission,whichwastheonly operation of the board which actually controlled the movementof manpower andputon maximumwages. This position involved Aaron intimately for the first
time with a young tool and die maker named Walter Reuther.
Once back in Washington,he served as chairmanof the National Airframe Panel, which set wages and decided disputes in the aircraft industry. Within four years,before the age of30, he was executive director of the National War Labor Board.
The American worker has always been difficult to organize and keep organized. From communist leaderships selling out their memberships in the interest of establishing a second front for Russia to isolated union leaders in the Deep South striving to make the first steps toward racial equality by desegregating the water fountain, Aaron gained insights into the politics and the potentials of unions. "They were four magnificent years," he says, that provided experiences on which he would continue to draw through his career.
After the war, Aaron settled in California,where he had lived most of his life. The aircraft industry was booming around him, and leaders of industry and labor,towhom hewas well known,encouraged him to set up shop as a full-time arbitrator. He went to see GeorgeTaylor,one of his mentors on the National War
Labor Board, who gave Aaron what he now considers to be the most valuable piece of advice anybody ever gave him.
SaidTaylor,"Don'tbe dependent onarbitration and the pressures to please either side.You were meant to be a teacher and a scholar. Get connected with the university." In his first appointment after the war as umpire for North American Aviation and the UAW, Aaron got word from the union that they didn't feel they were getting their quota of the cases. If there wasn't a quick turn around,Aaron would lose his job, he was warned. In the meantime, Aaron had joined the newly formed Institute of Industrial Relations at UCLA as a research assistant, later to be research associate,eventuallyto bedirector.Aaronignored the union's warning, did what he thought was right, and got fired. "I could see my career was going to be in academic work," says Aaron.
Aaronjoinedthe facultyofthe UCLA School ofLaw in 1960. He continues to be one of the most sought after arbitrators in the field, but considers himself a scholar and a teacher first. "I do arbitration because it informs my work,my teaching and my research,and I like the process," he says. Presidents and secretaries of labor, corporate titans and union bosses seek his advice and his aid as a mediator. All this Aaron considers "just an avocation."
He has realized the value of Taylor's advice about the necessity of positioning oneself in a way that will make possible fairness and effectiveness. "I've been firedsomanytimesIcan'ttellyou.Thefunny partofit is they always come back after awhile My position in any case is if someone wants to call me an s.o.b., let him stand in line and take his turn. The marvelous thing about an academic base is you aren't beholden to anybody."
One of the most significant disputes in which Aaron served as a neutral member of an arbitration board was the railway work rules dispute of 1963. To avoid a nationwide rail strike, Congress enacted for the first and only time a compulsory arbitration law. The case involved alleged fe�therbedding and the railroad's move to reduce the numbers of firemen on train crews. The board majority recommended a formula under which the railroads were allowed to reducethenumbersoffiremenprovided they gavethe men a severance pay, known in the trade as "the golden handshake." The men got a very golden handshake.The decision wouldeffect thevery existence of the railway firemen's union,which would eventually merge with other unions in what was then a burgeoningof mammouth unions and the power those unions are striving to maintain today.
No one understandsbetter than Aaron the foiblesof
the union movement,and yet no one has more faith in its potential.In 1958,he criticized" the preoccupation on the part of the labor leadership with the security of the union as an institution and a lamentable disregard for the rights of individual workers as union members and citizens." Since then, the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 has established a bill of rights for union members.An even greater safeguard of the rights of individual members has been brought about by the elaboration of the court-invented requirement of fair representation. "Unions,not necessarily out of convictions but out of fear of lawsuits, have been forced to pay much more attention to the rights of individual members," says Aaron."Indeed, they frequently take up cases which they believe have no merit and which in fact have none simply because they don't want to leave themselves open to the charge that they have not represented their members fairly."
But has the labor movement become the"great potential liberating force" thatmight"turn increasingly to the task of protecting and expanding the rights of all citizens to free and equal participation in the affairs of our society," as Aaron felt it could be in 1958?
"Many are getting close," he says now. The Civil Rights Act could not have passed without lobbying from the unions,Aaron believes. "Even though some of them have been serious offenders (in cases of discrimination), they adopted in principle the idea and will continue to be a great liberating force in the fields such as civil rights and consumer interest."
The unions' intensely conservative leadership will never elevate the interests of others over those of their own members."Thus," Aaron notes,"one can see such a progressive union leader as Leonard Woodcock going to the White House hand in hand with Henry Ford urging the President to use his influence to ease various restrictions on the making of automobiles, such as requirements for anti-smog devices and safety devices." Nonetheless, unions have the potential to be that"liberating force."
Growth in the union movement is coming to an end.The numbers of American workers under union protection is declining not only proportionately but absolutely as well. This will make even more crucial Aaron's 1969 admonishment that "the U.S. stands alone in its refusal to provide comprehensive legal protection for unorganized workers." "It's a rather chilling thought," says Aaron now,"but the fact is that it's not illegal for the employer to walk in one morning and say all redheaded men are fired." The example,though admittedly ridiculous, illustrates the leeway left to employers to be arbitrary and capricious.
Collective bargaining for public employees, he feels,is inevitable."I think we're now on a trackthatis irreversible,but we have to fmd a way to make collective bargaining really work and at the same time curb strikes by government employees.The only thing I'm sure of is that simply outlawing strikes, as most states do,will not do the trick because government employees are striking in ever increasing numbers despite the fact that the strikes are clearly illegal. We have to provide them with some credible alternative to the strike." Some states have provided compulsory arbitration, but there is strong opposition to the idea of compulsory arbitration in California and many other states.
For the past 10 years,Aaron has been concentrating on comparative labor law research,which he likens to the exploration of outer space in that the study of other worlds gives us a better view of our own. Study of continental European systems,for example,demonstrates the relativity of truths we sometimes consid- , er undeniable, such as the idea that the union which represents the majority of workers must represent all workers in collective bargaining."It's hard to see how collective bargaining could work in the U.S. without such exclusive bargaining, but when we go abroad with ourfactories and technologies and industrial relations people and try to impose our system on an alien culture, we always come to grief," Aaron notes.
The abuses and shortcomings of labor arbitration notwithstanding,"I believe it's probably the single most important social invention our form of collective bargaining has developed," Aaron says with the well-deserved pride of one who has helped to bring that development about. His teaching has influenced a number of persons who now occupy important positions, and his research has enlightened the field. Despite his prodigious string of publications, he longs"to write something that would be remembered for a long,long time.Perhaps I'll have a crack at it yet," he says."But if you have a feeling about your life that you have enjoyed it and have never lost interest in your work, from a purely personal point of view, you've been a success. I can say that." No one knows better the personal value of work.
And he adds,"I regard absolutely the most rewarding experience of my life as being accepted as a member of this faculty and associating with my colleagues.I've taught at a number of other law schools, including Harvard and Stanford,and I wouldn't trade UCLA for any of them. If someone asked me what's your greatest distinction, I'd say being a member of this law faculty." 0
LawyersandHumanists
heir interests span a gamut of topics which one would expect to fmd more readily in a broad-based department of the humanities than in a School of Law: anthropology, philosophy, his
tory, linguistics, sociology.
Clearly, however, these scholars of law and the humanities aren't misplaced as they pursue their widely-ranging areas of research as members of the UCLA law faculty. What their presence and the courses which they teach indicate is that the legitimate scope of today's legal scholarship is becoming evermore broad.Not only doesthe law seemto fmd its way into more aspects of life these days, but also it is the case that the law is examining itself from the perspectives of other disciplines such as anthropology and sociology.
Briefly, here are examples of what some of UCLA's humanistic legal scholars have been doing this past year:
Professor Richard Abel is studying legal systems of developingcountries, analyzing the role of lawyers in America from comparative and historical perspectives, and working on a theory of law in society from the viewpoints of sociology, anthropology, and history.
Professor Barbara Brudno's research has three directions: the extent to which the law provides equal protection for the poor; how philosophers, sociologists, and economists view poverty and what the law can learn from them; and the redistribution aspects of welfare reform.
Professor George P. Fletcher continues to explore the classical, humanistic conception of criminal responsibility.
Professor Herbert Morris, whose joint appointment is in philosophy and law, is writing on the nature of guilt,andcontinueshisstronginterest inquestions of punishment and responsibility.
Dr. William J. Winslade works on a range of problems arising at the intersection of law, medicine and ethics. He has written on the state's "right to die" statute, is concerned about the physician-patient relationship, and issues such as consent to treatment and confidentiality.
We talked at length with four other School of Law scholars about their own work which connects law with the humanities: Professors William M. McGovern, Jr., David Mellinkoff, Richard A. Wasserstrom, and Stephen C. Yeazell.
Beyond the intensity of interest which each of these four demonstrated quite instantly in their varied topics of history, language, and philosophy, it became rather clear how theirpresence adds depth to UCLA's School of Law and to the legal community.
AsProfessor William McGovern started explaining his current writing on the long struggle in the law between freedom of alienation and the dynastic instinct to keep land tied in the family, the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries suddenly seemed close at hand.
Today's concept is that there is a public interest in keepingland alienable, sincethepublic is best served if land can be sold to someone who will put it to the best use. Before the Thirteenth Century, explains McGovern, there existed restraints against alienating
landboth in England andon the Continent. "But then in the Thirteenth Century, England took a different path. It is a complicated story, and I am interested in itsbeginnings whicharen't yet quiteclear.'' In France, andin Louisiana aswell, to this day theresurvivesthe principle of legitime, that a fraction of one's estate belongs to one's heirs and cannot be willed or given away. "One aspect of England's insularity after the Thirteenth Century isitsdifferent way ofdealing with the ability of a parent to disinherit children."
In Professor McGovern's earlier writing on the history of contracts, he analyzed the differences between English and French contract law. The most widelyknown difference, of course, is that of consideration. In Anglo-American law a contract cannot be enforced without consideration, but French law has no such rule. The French civil law does have the principle of lesion, that a grossly unfair contract is invalid. "The irony," notes McGovern in comparing the history of the common law and civil law, "is that modern common law is developingideas which are very similar to the idea of lesion, for example the concept of unconscionability which is written into the uniform commercial code."
Some of Professor McGovern's historical research requires use of unpublished manuscripts in the Public Records Office in London, but a surprisingly large amount of material can be found in the UCLA Law Library. "It has a magnificent historical collection, since its early librarian as an avid collector of legal treatises."
What's the use of researching antiquity?
"That's a good question," McGovern readily answers. "Many superficial statements about lessons from legal history are made by people who don't understand history. Thingswhich peoplesay thathistory teaches us often aren't so at all. It is commonly said that landlord-tenant law is messed up because it goes back to feudal England. An example is the independence of covenants in a lease; if a landlord fails to repair property, thetenantstill must pay rent. It's been said a thousand times that this rule goes back to an
agrarian society where repairs were unimportant t people who were really interested in the land. M 0 research indicates that the only case where this p y was decided in the Middle Ages was by a Lon��� court pursuant to a London custom."
A problem with legal history, says McGovern that usually it is pursued by historians who are ��� familiar with law. "You need a command of Latin and French, a command of the law, and an ability to read medieval handwriting. It's a fascinating field."
Professor David Mellinkoff's own fascinating field law's language, has made him an expert on legal Jin'. guistics. He thinks of himself as a practicing lawyer who became a law professor, and eventually wrote his classic book, The Language of the Law, because he looked for such a book in libraries and couldn't find one.
"To my surprise, there was no single bookthat gave abackgroundofthe history of legal language. And soJ cameto writethisbook, which hasasitsthesis that the language of the law should not be different from the common speech unless there is a reason for it to be," says Professor Mellinkoff.
"If there is a reason, that is sufficient. If there is no good reason, or if the old reasons have changed and the language is simply habitual, and if using that habitual language causes legal problems rather than solving legal problems, and if the language is not the precise language that lawyers believe it to be, thenwe ought to do something about it."
Nowheredoessomuch hingeon languageasinlaw. Muchrides upon a word, ora particularinterpretation of a word. "Legal language," observes Professor Mellinkoff, "is subjected to terrific tugs in many directions.''
There has always been criticism of lawyers for speaking in an incomprehensible tongue, no less today than in Gulliver's Travels or Thomas More's Utopia. "There is now an increasing popular interest in the notion of putting into simpler language many of the things about the law which affect many people.
"I think this can do a considerable good in certain areas," saysMellinkoff. "Butit is not the full solution. Even if we eliminate some of the seemingly esoteric words of the law, and express the same things in ordinar, simple language, then the non-lawyer may feel he understands the words that are written without understanding the legal relationship or legal concept involved, or the volumes of law that may govern him once he has entered into such a relationship.
"Blackstone gave his lectures for a non-legal audience, for all kinds of people who had some stake in what was going on during their day. A fairly high percentage of people at that time who had a direct stake knew something about the law. Today, on the other hand, the percentage of the population which has a direct stake in legal rights has increased tremendously, and yet a much smaller percentage of the population really understand their legal rights. This is the phenomenon we are witnessing today; these people want to be told and want to understand more about what directly affects them."
How people are directly affected by the law is a pervasive concern of Professor Richard Wasserstrom, who teaches in the School of Law and also in the Department of Philosophy. His current interests include children's rights, racism, sexism, and preferential treatment, and the moral problems of lawyers as professionals.
Onthatlasttopic, Wasserstromsays, "Ihavetried to raise two sorts of issues. First, is it defensible (and if so, why?) that lawyers when they represent clients tendto act in a waywhich I think is relatively amoral. Second, in the lawyer-client relationship do lawyers view the client as an object rather than as a person? Those are two areas which I suggest the legal profession needs to worry about more than it has done so far."
ProfessorWasserstrom grants thatthe lawyer-client relationship as it usually is understood can be defended in the adversary context, particularly in criminal law. "But many of the things which lawyers help people to do in achieving their objectives have nothing to do with representing them in court. And I'm not sure I see why lawyers shouldn't ask themselves more often whether the objectives their clients want to accomplish are morally defensible objectives.
"Many people are attracted to the idea of becoming a lawyer by a desire to help bring about what they think is social justice; they would like to make the world better for people. They think they could make the worlda more just place. The puzzle is, by the time they leave law school that has become less important. Something happens in legal education to bring about that change in motivation, and I would like us to
Some broader questions of process are the major interest of Professor Stephen Yeazell, who is studying the relationship between legal intellectual history and the evolution of social structure. A series of articles he currently is writing deals with how forms of litigation are related to forms of society. "Too often legal scholars and lawyers think about procedure in isolation from the society which gives rise to procedure; historically, it is my attempt to tie the two together."
Professor Yeazell admits that students who are totally "practical" in their interests may not always see the point in a historical, theoretical approach to procedure.
"But it is my impression that, after they have been out of school fi.ve years, they tend to say, I wish I had learned more about that. Often a law student is so caught up in mastering the technique of law that he doesn't get the larger picture. People out of law school a while are clearer about the need for historical perspective.
"Frequently what is happening now becomes more explicable by reference to the past," says Professor Yeazell, "not because the past explains it, but because it provides a contrast. What is striking to me about history is its discontinuity, the rather dramatic changes that take place, often in relatively short periods, and the quitedifferent understandings of the same situations which people can have at relatively short intervals of time.
"My pitch for the kinds of research I'm doing wouldn't be that it will make you a more clever lawyer, although I think in the long run understanding anything well is going to make you more effective in thinking about it. Comprehending a process of change which iscontinuousenables you to cope with any particular change as it occurs. We tend to assume that the way things are now is the way they ought to be for a good long time. I've learned that's never been the case, and I have no reason to believe it will be in the future." D
The Graduates
A random sampling oftheClassof 1978 on these pagesgivesa glimpseintotheextraordinary rangeof interests, experience, and talents represented in thisyear's graduates of the UCLA School of Law. There are inall some 300 third-year students graduating in the Class of'78. Those interviewedhere make it plain that their contributions to the profession in the yearsahead will be highly valued.
Jim Asperger, editor-in-chief of The UCLA Law Review, begins a year's appointment this fall as clerk to Justice Stanley Mask of the California Supreme Court.
"It will be a broadening and interesting experience," says Asperger. "Eventually, I'm interested in teaching and the experience also will be very good for that goal." Jim expects to practice law when his clerkship ends.
Though his father, Paul Asperger of Fresno, also is an attorney, Jim says he didn't have fixed concepts of the profession before he entered law school. "If anything, I didn't realize how much law there was, and how diverse the law was. If law school has changed me, I've become more interested in practicing law."
Asperger's regimen as law review editor has kept him at the school seven days a week, usually from 8 a.m. to midnight.
His interests have been broad. Jim wrote a comment in the law review on jurisdiction of the California Energy Resources Commission, has done work on land use planning and environmental law, and the first amendment.
Right now, he's eagerly anticipating September, when he'll start his year with Justice Mask.
John Hawekotte enters law as a professional in two fields. He became interested in tax law as a CPA, and after being accepted by law schools at UCLA and Berkeley, he chose UCLA.
"I was surprised by the overall quality of UCLA's faculty, especially in business-oriented courses. I expected , them to be good, but I was pleasantly surprised at just how good they really are," says John. In his second year, he wrote an article on accruing deductions for tax purposes which was published by The UCLA Law Review, and his law review experience was an obvious advantage in the job interviewing season.
John has joined the firm of Lawler, Felix & Hall in Los Angeles, where he clerked last summer. "I was really impressed with the quality of the persons in the firm. That's why I wanted to go back."
John isn't the only member of his family to acquire a UCLA degree this year. His wife, Deborah, received her degree in sociology in March. They married during his first year of law school.
Karen Magid's first position as a lawyer will be in Washington, D.C., withtheDepartment of Justice,a choicespot which she secured through the Honors Program.
"Iamhopingto docommunications and anti-trust work in the division of special regulatedindustries," says Karen,whosearea of specializationat law school has been communications law. Magid was editor-in-chief of the FederalCommunications Law Journal, published for the first time this year at the UCLA School of Law. During her secondyear,she was an extern for the HouseSubcommittee on Communicationsin Washington, D.C.
The daughter of Eli and Bernice Magidof Forrest Hills, N.Y., Karen's undergraduate work was at the State Universityof New York at Stony Brook.Shechose UCLA for law partly becauseof its sunny Southern California location, and also because of externships and the communications law program.
Thestudy of law was just about what she had thought it would be. Says Karen: "I didn't hate it nearly as much as I expected to."
Anne Thomas will be receiving her Juris Doctor onlythreedays before her daughter's graduation from high school this spring, but that doesn't seem a bit unusual to Anne, since by nowshe'slearned tocopewith a crowded schedule.
As a parent with no partner, Anne has kept busy with the needs of her threechildren,the usualturmoilof courses, and a job in a Beverly Hills lawfirm which has required 25 hours a week of her time this past year.
She'll bea new associate with Best, Best & Krieger in Riverside, afirm which concentrates on public, municipal,and water district law. "My primary interests have been municipal and water law," explains Anne, who wasaplanningcommissioner in Corona,near Riverside, before entering law school.
Anne's undergraduate years at Duke, where she studied political science and philosophy, were in the 1950s. Whatis it like to return to the rigors of law school after.an academic hiatus of nearlytwo decades? "It is exhilarating,afterso many years in the suburban sandbox," says Anne. "I never thoughtI'd havea second round. It was an enormous privilege."
Martin Tachiki decided on law as a profession as the result of theanti-war movementof the 1960s and other efforts toward social justice.
A politicalscience graduate of UCLA and the son of Joe and Miyoko Tachiki of WestLos Angeles,Tachiki enteredthe School of Law with a goal of practicingin legal aid. "I chose UCLA over the other UC law schools because of its externships and clinical programs," he explains.
He has gained more than a year's practical experience while in school, working in two legal aid offices where he did research on cases involving the eligibility of aliens to become peace officers (now on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court), and the due process rights of employees fired from public agencies. Marty's interests in constitutional law also dovetailedwith his work on behalf of the Little Tokyo People's Rights Organization.
His first position as an attorney will be in the Veniceoffice of theLegal AidFoundation of Los Angeles,which will afford himvaluablepractice in civiland poverty law.
Thesepast three years have added a slight layer of cyhicism to his essential idealism, says Tachiki. "The legal profession'sproblems are reflective of society," he observes. "Power seems to flow where the money is." But he still believeslawyers can make concrete achievements, particularly in preventive law suchas educating people about their rights.
TheFaculty
Reginald Alleynereturnedtothe lawfacultyin Januaryafteranabsence oftwoanda halfyears.Forthe fall semesterof1975 hewasVisiting ProfessorofLaw atBoston University, where hetaught publicemployment laborrelations law. Plansforasabbaticalleaveon completingthe 1975 Fall Semester were interrupted when Governor Brown appointed Professor Alleyne to serveas thefirst Chairman ofthe California PublicEmployment Relations Board. Theboardadministers and decides disputesarisingundera state lawregulatinglabor-management relations in publicschoolsand community colleges.
John A. Bauman servesas Chairman ofthe AmericanAssociation of Law Schools Committee onAccreditation. At the March conferenceof Western Law Schools in SanDiego, hewas a panelist on thetopic, "Motivatingthe Law School Facultyin theTwenty-first Century: Is ThereLife in Tenure?" He participated in dedicating anew law buildingat the Universityof MinnesotainApril. DeanBaumanhas completed the manuscript (with Kenneth H. York) forthe thirdedition oftheir Remedies casebook.
Barbara Brudno presenteda paperat the Southwestern Conference on ConstitutionalLaw last fall which sheis presentlyre-writingunder the tentativetitle, "EqualJustice forthe Poor: Griffin's Promise and Maher'sDisavowal" for future law review publication. SheattendedtheAALS Conference of WesternLaw Schools heldin SanDiego as a member of the panel on "The Future of TortLaws," andthis summer she willspend six weeks at Harvard as a participant ina Humanities Law Seminarledby Ronald Dworkin of Oxford University.
George P. Fletcher hasdevotedmost of his time sincereturningfrom Yale, where hetaught duringthe fall 1977 semester, to readinggalleys and proofs of Rethinking Criminal Law which will appear this June. Thebook isover 900pages long. In addition, in late
Januaryhetraveledto Frankfurt t� participate in oneoftheregularmeetmgs of thetask force forreformofthe Code of Criminal Procedure, a group of Germanlawprofessors workingon proceduralreform. In March he deliveredaguestlecturetomedicalstudents,physiciansand lawyersat the Ohio Collegeof Medicinein Toledo. In lateApril heparticipated on a panel of lawyersin San Francisco, which met togetherwith fourvisiting legal officialsfromthe SovietUnion. Headdressedthegrouponproblemsof criminallawin the Soviet Union, particularlyas the system of justice affects Jewsseekingtoleave the country
Carole E. Goldberghas beendevotingconsiderabletime toher work as a memberoftheeditorial board forthe revisionofFelix S. Cohen's 1942 treatise, "Handbook of Federal Indian Law." Shehas been both contributing chaptersand editingthe work of others. Theproject hasbeenfunded by the CarnegieandDonnerFoundations. OutsidetheUniversity she has been writingandspeaking in oppositionto the proposed Federal Criminal Code. Amongherefforts has been an article in theSummer1977issueofthe Judges'Journal, a companion to an articleby Attorney General Griffin Bellinfavorofthe bill.
Wesley J. Liebeler presented to the AnnualAntitrust Sympoa_Paper s1um atLewis & Clark S?hoolofLawin Portland, O_regon, m April, alongwith representatives ofthe FTC andth AntitrustDivision, MaxwellBlecher and otherATexperts. InDecember 1977, at the AALS Convention alo� with Robert Pitofsky, sinceap�ointgd to the FTC, and Louis Schwartz of� Pennsylvania Law School, hecom. e mentedon papers givenbytheHead f theATDivision, John H. Shenefield 0 and the Chairman ofthe FTC, Mich�el Pertschuk. He is now completing a chapter on the antitrust enforcement activities ofthe FTC duringthe period 1971-1978 fora booktobepublished bythe Center forLawandEconomics of the University of Miami. Heis also reviewing Bork, TheAntitrustParadox, fortheCaliforniaLaw Reviewand has written an article, "MarketPower andCompetitive Superiorityin Concentrated Industries," whichwillbe appearing in the next issueofthe UCLA Law Review.
Ralph S. Rice, Connell Professorof Law Emeritus, has recentlypublisheda Third Edition of his "Problemsand· Materials in Federal EstateandGift Taxes" (West Publishing Co., 1978).In preparation (with Professor Solomon of George Washington University) isa Third Edition of his "Problemsand Materials in Federal Income Taxes." During the school year hewasnamed Distinguished Alumnus ofNorthern State College (South Dakota) and receivedthe honorary degree of Doctor of Laws and Lettersfrom theUniversityof South Dakota in May,1978. As usual, he continuestopreparethose exhaustive annual supplements to "California Family Tax Planning" and "Family Tax Planning." He spendshis spare time writing a newbook concerning tax factors inretirementplanning. He continues his serviceonthe Chancellor's Committee on the Clark Library, and acts as consultantto a new campus-wide project in whichthe University will provide counsel f�rthe faculty in some legal mattersrelatmg to retirement.
Steven Shiffrin presented a paperat the Southwestern Conference onConstitutional Law last fall. An article based on that presentation entitled "Defamatory Non-Media Speech , and First Amendment Methodology' will appear in the UCLA Law Review.
News
JoanDempseyKleinIs
AppointedJusticeOf CourtofAppeal
With praise from her colleagues and a kiss from the governor, the Honorable Joan Dempsey Klein '55 took her seat as the Presiding Justice of Division Three of the California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District in Los Angeles on May 19.
Justice Klein's appointment marks yet another movement of a woman into high position within the judiciary of California. She is the first graduate of the UCLA School of Law to serve on the Court of Appeal.
Justice Klein, who comes from a family of lawyers that extends back to the 1880s in California, spearheaded such innovations as the "Bail by Mail" traffic program and the detoxifi.cation center for alcoholics while a presiding judge of the Los Angeles Municipal Court. She won election to the Los Angeles Superior Court in 1974.
Justice Klein is a founder of the California Women Lawyers Association. A representative from that organization noted the high esteem and affection in which she is held throughout California and the nation and termed the preeminence of such women in the California judiciary "a tribute to the administration of our state."
Governor Edmund G. Brown, Jr., administered the oath. "California has the finest judiciary in the country, and with this appointment we have improved it considerably," said Brown. "With this appointment and those I have made before, my expectations are rising that we can speed up the judicial process and make it more humane and sensitive and thoughtful all at the same time."
"I would like to say to the governor that I am proud to be apppointed to a bench of this caliber, and I am delighted to work with the distinguished justices of the third division," said
Joan Dempsey Klein on taking her seat as Presiding Justice. In a recent interview with UCLA Law, she returned the governor's compliments: "There have always been substantial numbers of women qualifi.ed to serve on the bench, but for a lot of reasons we never got appointed. This governor indicated when he took offi.ce that he would try to bring us into the mainstream. It was more than rhetoric. He has done it."
ProfessorGeraldFord IsaUCLAStandout
One of the most sought-after professors at the law school this year was Gerald R. Ford, who attracted crowds of students far greater than the capacity of the largest classrooms when he came to the UCLA School of Law in February for a week of lectures and discussions.
The former President talked about legal control of the political process, relationships between the President and the Congress, foreign affairs, and campaign funding laws. His appearance was sponsored by the American
Enterprise Institute for Public Policy.
In some sense, the event itself-the appearance of a former President in the classrooms of UCLA-seemed to interest students more than the actual content of Ford's remarks. And yet there was a large measure of earnest debate about basic issues both by the students and Ford. He appeared to enjoy the testing of wits equally as much as did' the law students.
Just how much Gerald Ford enjoyed students became evident when, after the allotted hour for one class had ended, he asked the moderator: "Do we really have to stop now? Can't I answer questions for another ten minutes?"
That brought a round of applause from students who had deliberately been testing Ford's limits on some diffi.cult issues of presidential powers and congressional restraints.
The former President proved himself equally with law alumni during a reception given by the Dean's Advocates at the James E. West Alumni Center.
"I can say with conviction that I've enjoyed this opportunity at UCLA, and I'd love to come back," Ford told the UCLA law alumni. "Thank you for your friendship."
To which someone in the audience responded: "What a charming man. Oh, you're just beautiful!"
Paul ShettlerElected LawAlumniPresident
Paul Shettler '61, a partner in the Newport Beach firm of Virtue & Scheck, has been elected President of the UCLA Law Alumni Association succeeding Charles S. Vogel.
Shettler's election took place at the January 24 meeting of the Board of Directors of the Association. At that time he was also elected to fill the vacancy on the board created by the resignation of Geraldine S. Hemmerling. His term as director will end December31, 1978. He previously served as Director of the Association from 1974 through 1976.
Frederick L. Leydorf '58 was also elected a Director at the January meeting to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Warren Abbott. His term likewise will end on December 31, 1978.
SpringistheSeasonOf RegionalMeetings
LawAlumniOffice HasaNewFace
May, June and July are active months for the law school's regional clubs. Dean Warren and members of the faculty are traveling up and down the state to meet with alums in Sacramento (May 17), San Diego (June 2), Ventura (June 14), San Francisco (June 20) and Orange County (July-exact date to be announced).
The regional clubs serve the double purpose of keeping alumni informed regarding the activities of the school and affording an opportunity to meet with classmates and fellow graduates in an informal setting.
Thomas E. Warriner in Sacramento, Bill Ravin in San Diego, Steven Z. Perren in Ventura, Ken Drexler in San Francisco, and John Frazer in Orange County have worked closely with the Alumni Office in planning these gatherings.
As the popularity of the program increases, regional meetings are expected to extend to other areas in California and outside the state.
After five years as coordinator, organizer, and supportive helper for the ULCA Law Alumni Association, Judith Moorhead has resigned her position as executive director of the Association.
Newly appointed to the office is Bea Cameron, who is by no means new to UCLA. Bea was on the staff of the Department of Fine Arts Productions since 1973, and her earlier experience includes seven years as a school teacher in San Francisco and five years in the Indian and Australian diplomatic services.
Bea Cameron can help law alumni to organize parties, reunions, luncheons, and meetings. She'll also be glad to help you trace that classmate you've always wanted to make contact with but somehow missed, and she'll gladly assist alumni with any other matter at the school.
Bea is at the School of Law Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., and can be reached at 825-7049.
Classnotes
Michael I. Adler '76 has joined the Century City law firm of Greenberg & Glusker.
Don Allen '67 announces that his Washington, D.C. law firm, Duncan, Allen & Mitchell, has opened their third office in Africa. The new office is in Nairobi, Kenya. The other offices are in Kinshasa, Zaire and Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
Charles S. Althouse '58 of Upland is serving as Vice President of the San Bernardino County Bar Association.
Beatrice Joy Braun-Stone '76 has joined the Los Angeles law firm of Burke, Williams & Sorensen.
Lee W. Cake '63 of Oakland is serving as editor of the Alameda County Bar Bulletin.
Mario Camara '73 has been appointed by Governor Brown to a term as a member of the Board of Governors of the California Community College system. Thus he joins Thomas M. Jones '65 and Professor Monroe Price of the Law School faculty as board members.
Gertrude D. Chern '66 has written and argued an amicus brief before the California Supreme Court in the landmark spousal support case The Marriage of Morrison. The brief was presented on behalf of the Queen's Bench, the San Francisco Association of Women Lawyers.
Wayne C. Collett '77 has joined the Century City law firm of Manatt, Phelps, Rothenberg, Manley and Tunney
Hugo De Castro '60 of the Westwood firm of De Castro, West and Chodorow, is serving as Vice President of the West Los Angeles Regional Chamber of Commerce and as Editor of the 1ournal Taxation for Lawyers.
Stephen Drummy '65 of Newport Beach has been appointed to the Board
f Directors of the Orange County 0 Bar Associat10n.
Charles English '65 announces that effective May 12, 1978 he w_ill cease being a senior trial deputy m the Los Angeles County Pu�lic Def�nder's Office and will join David Lafadle '66 and Gerald Chaleff in the Santa Monica law firm of Lafaille, Chaleff & English.
Jay Foonberg '63 received the Gold Key award of the Law Student Division and the Award of Merit from the Young Lawyers Section at the annual meeting of the American Bar Association, for his work with law students and young lawyers in educating them in the economics of the delivery of legal services.
Robert Fraser '69 is now a partner in Hahn, Cazier, Hoegh & Leff as the result of the combination of that firm and the firm of Dietsch, Gates, Morris & Merrell. In the new firm he joins Ralph Cassady '61, Richard K. Seltzer '67, Julian Pollok '70, Gordon Louttit '72, Andrew Katz '72, and Donna Middlehurst '75.
Freddie Gardner '77 is the Deputy Director of the Venice-Mar Vista Neighborhood Justice Center. The Center established through a grant from the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration aims at solving through mediation and arbitration disputes that cannot be resolved in courts.
Wilford D. Godbold '66 of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher recently moderated a panel on a practical approach to attorney opinion letters for the Business and Corporations Law Section of the Los Angeles County Bar Association.
Richard A. Haft '72 has formed the firm of Haft & Kratter with offices at 1901 Avenue of the Stars in Century City. Joining the firm as a partner is Deborah Gatzek '72, formerly with the Securities & Exchange Commission. The firm is engaged in a securities, general business and environmental practice.
Robert J. Higa '66, formerly a Los Angeles County Deputy District Attorney, has been appointed to the Los Angeles Municipal Court.
David A. Horowitz '66, a senior trial attorney with the Los Angeles County Public Defender's Office, is serving as president of the Barristers of the Los Angeles County Bar Association. Serving with him as Barrister officers this year are Vice President Donald P. Baker '73 of Latham and Watkins and Secretary-Treasurer Daniel P. Garcia '74 of Munger, Tolles and Rickershauser.
Williard Horwich '58 and Daniel I. Simon '65 are partners in the new Century City law firm of Katz, Simon, Weiss & Horwich. The firm practices in all areas of business and corporate law.
Frederik A. Jacobsen '76 and Robert A. Pallemon '76 have become Assistant United States Attorneys for the Central District of California.
Michael S. Josephson '67 is teaching Evidence and Criminal Law at Loyola Law School in Los Angeles. He is also serving as Chairperson of the Teaching Techniques Committee of the Association of American Law Schools and has been a member of the faculty of the American Academy of Juridical Education. He is the founder and director of both the Josephson Bar Review Center of America, Inc. (BRC) and the Center for Creative Educational Services (CES). CES is involved in all aspects of legal education from the LSAT to advanced legal education.
Sandra Kass, '75 has joined the Los Angeles law firm of Cooper, Wyatt, Tepper and Plant.
Richard Katz '76 is a staff attorney for the General Counsel's office of the
United States Copyright Office in Washington, D.C. He has prepared for submission to Congress a study on performance rights in sound recordings.
George David Kieffer '73 of Manatt, Phelps, Rothenberg, Manley & Tunney, has been elected to a two-year term on the Board of Regents of the University of California to become effective in July, 1978. He will also be serving as statewide Treasurer for the University's Alumni Association during 1978-79 and Vice President for 1979-80.
Robert M. Kunstadt '75 is in New York City with the Foreign Department of Pennie and Edmonds.
Thomas R. Larmore '68 has become a partner in the Los Angeles law firm of Adams, Duque and Hazeltine.
Jeffrey L. Linden '67 is serving as President-elect of the Century City Bar Association.
Lucinda Low '77, former Editor-inChief of the UCLA Law Review, has joined the Washington, D.C., law firm of Covington & Burling.
Alan J. Ludecke '63 is President of the San Diego Trial Lawyers Association.
Gregory R. Marshall '77 is in Reno, Nevada, serving as a law clerk for the Honorable Procter Hug, Jr. of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. Judge Hug is the first Circuit Court Judge appointed by President Carter.
Thomas J. McDermott '58 is Chairman of the Environmental Litigation Committee of the 9th Circuit Judicial Conference.
Ralph L. McKnight, Jr. '77 has joined his father, Ralph L. McKnight '56 in the Bakersfield law firm of Ralph McKnight and Ralph McKnight, Jr.
Sherwin Memel '54 announces that his firm of Memel, Jacobs, Pierno & Gersh now has twenty-six attorneys with their main office in Century City and with a newly opened office in Sacramento.
Gary Q. Michel '75 recently joined the firm of Ervin, Cohen & Jessup in Beverly Hills. In last issue's Classnotes,
UCLA Law mistakenly listed him with a Santa Barbara firm. We regret the error.
Allan Mirman '75 has joined the Beverly Hills law firm of Epport and Delevie.At the firm he joins Victor Epport '53, Harold Delevie '56, Roy Glick.man '72, Gary Kaseff '72 and Bruce Kaplan '74 in an all UCLA Law School contingent.
Wendy Munger '77 is in Portland, Oregon, serving as a law clerk for The Honorable Alfred T. Goodwin, Judge of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.
Ann Parode '71, a vice president and legal counsel for the San Diego Trust & Savings Co., has been elected a director and vice president of the San Diego Bar Association.
Jordan J. Paust '68, Professor of Law at the University of Houston College of Law, has accepted a Fulbright Fellowship to teach International Law at the University of Salzburg, Austria during the 1978-79 academic year.
Rich Purtich '77 has joined Jenny Fisher '76 and Peter Paterno '76 in the Century City law firm of Fisher, Paterno & Purtich.
Thomas J. Reilly '56 has become Secretary and General Counsel of Republic Geothermal, Inc.
Leslie Steven Rothenberg '68 is a Visiting Professor of Law at Boalt Hall for the 1977-78 academic year and is also serving as the consultant on tort liability for the Assembly Committee on Finance, Insurance and Commerce.
The Honorable Frances Rothschild '66, Judge of the Los Angeles Municipal Court, has been appointed by Governor Brown to the Los Angeles Superior Court.
The Honorable Barry Russell '66, a Bankruptcy Judge in the Central District of California, is also serving as President of the local Federal Bar Association.
Fred Selan '65 is the California manag-
Is Your Name Missing? Here's a Remedy
If your name is missing in the Classnotes, here's your chance to remedy the situation. Your classmateswillenjoyseeingyournameinthenextissue of UCLALaw.Pleasetake a moment now toprovideinformation for your Classnote.
-----1..,Jass,
ing partner of the New York law firm of Pryor, Cashman, Sherman & Flynn.
Joseph L. Shalant '66 has formed th mid-Wilshire fir1'.1 of Shalant, Haddix & McJ?o�ough w1�h emphasis in per sonal m1ury, medical malpractice and workers compensation matters
Willie J. Smith '72 has moved to Fresno and formed the firm of Kopsinis Yengoyan & Smith where he will continue to practice labor law.
Kathryne Ann Stoltz '73, an Assistant United States Attorney for the Central District of California, has been appointed an Assistant Chief of the Criminal Division in charge of the recruitment and training of new lawyers.
J. Howard Sturman '56 is serving as President of the Wilshire Bar Association for the year commencing April 1, 1978. In addition, during 1977 he served as President of the California Association of Attorney-Certified Public Accountants.
Michael Sullivan '75 has joined the Century City law firm of Rutter and Ebbert.
Joseph N. Tilem '52 is serving as the Mayor of the City of Beverly Hills.
Margaret Ugarte '77 is associated with the Century City law firm of Hodge & Dalton.
GeraldWelter '65 is a partner in the new Century City law firm of Leeds, Ackerman, Welter & Schubert.
John G. Wigmore '58 has been elected to the American College of Trial Lawyers. John remains a partner in the Los Angeles law firm of Lawler, Felix and Hall.
EdwardA.Woods '72hasbecomeapartner in the Beverly Hills law firm of Ervin, Cohen & Jessup.
Necrology
Ernest E. Wideman '71 of the San Diego Bar on January 10, 1978.
Albert R. Linnick '54 of the Beverly Hills Bar on January 16, 1978.
We're catchingup... but, we've stillgot a longway to go!!
UCLA Law School isnowinthethirdyearofaconcerted drive tobuilditsannualalumnisupportprogramupto arespectable level.Duringthefirstyear(1976)386alumni contributed$57,760andlastyear680alumsgave$96,660. During1977facultyandfriendsoftheLawSchoolgave $5,865sothatover$100,000inannualsupportwas received.ThisyearasofApril1sttheannualsupport campaignisapproximately20%aheadofwhereitwasat thecorrespondingpointinlastyear'scampaign.
