The Coach of Conscious Choice A Center of Communications Law News of The School Classnotes
ON THE COVER The faces reveal poverty, neglect, anxiety.Although these photographs were token several decodes ago as part of a project for the Form Security Administration, the people themselves oretimeless. Their problems arefamiliarto every lawyer who works in the public interest.
UCLA LAW is published for The School of Law by The Offi.ce of Public Affairs at UCLA for alumni,friends.andothermembersofTheUCLASchoolofLawcommunity.Issuedthreetimesa year.Offi.cesat405 HilgardAvenue,LosAngeles90024. "Postmaster: pleasereturn3579toSchool of Law, 405 Hilgard, Los Angeles 90024."
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LawyersinthePublicInterest
by Tom Bourne
he concerns of public interest law and legal services for the poor reverberate daily across the fabric of American society: What is the public's right to common land versus the private rights of developers? Are there remedies in the law for employees who are victimized by their employers? How can the penal system be made more humane?
UCLA School of Law graduates, advocating the public'sinterest in law offices throughoutthe nation, concentrate their efforts on these and a host of other issues. Sometimes they file lawsuits which result in "headline cases." Most often, however, they are absorbed in the demanding task of providing day-in, day-out service for people who would otherwise have no legal representation, or for issues that are underrepresented.
For Frederic P. Sutherland '64, executive director of the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund in San Francisco, among the most under-represented classes are earth, trees, air, water and grasses; in a word, the environment.
After graduation, Sutherland became a municipal bonds lawyer at O'Melveny andMyers,and thoughhe found the work interesting and challenging, "it was not ultimately satisfying to me. When the phrase 'public interest law' came into being in the late '60s, I saw it'as something terribly attractive."
So attractive was it, in fact, that Sutherland and
three other attorneys from O'Melveny and Myers started their own public interest law firm, the Center for Law in the Public Interest,now widely regarded as one of the premier suchfirms in the land. Of course,in the beginning the center was only an idea: Sutherland and the others raised money, founded a corporation (on which Murray Schwartz was one of the original board members), and then brought some cases.
The first really big case Sutherland became involved in at the center was to represent the city of Hawthorne, the Sierra Club, the NAACP and citizens' groups in challenging the proposed Century Freeway. When the suit was settled after eight years, a number of things had been won for people and for the environment, namely: a smaller freeway, replacement housing for thousands of area residents, and moreover, a commitment to build rapid transit facilities in the median right-of-way.
Sutherland cites the results of this lawsuit as a way to dispel the idea that there are competing groups, such as the environment versus the needs of the poor for jobs and housing,in public interestlaw. "Quite the contrary is true," he says. "There were affirmative action provisions written into the settlement that will provide employment to blacks and other minorities who live in the freeway's path."
TornBournefrequentlywritesonurbanaffairs,politics,and consumerissuesin California Journaland othermagazines.
FredericP. Sutherland'64
Since Sutherland frequently represented the Sierra Club while at the center, the transition to the club's Legal Defense Fund in 1977 was not difficult. The club was already in the midst of a decade-long battle to save Admiralty Island, a 100-mile long, virtually untouched island ecosystem in Alaska, full of virgin timber, bald eagles, grizzlies, salmon and humpbacked whales.
Pursuant to an Act of Congress, the U.S. Forestry Service had proposed to enter into a 50-year contract with a timber company that would have resulted in the clear-cutting and devastation of the island. "Over the years we've been successful in stopping the awarding of that contract," says Sutherland. Admiralty Island has now been declared a national monument by President Carter.
Sutherland remembers his years at the UCLA School of Law as his "most exciting educational experience. Right from the first year I started thinking about the legal profession and its responsibilities to do more than just service a client. Discussions initi-
ated in Professor MurraySchwartz' criminal law class got me thinking about the rights of poor people to counsel, and the rights of the public generally in civil proceedings and in broader issues."
Robert Berke '73 found the law school to be "an extremely innovative place where any student who could interest a professor in an idea that had some legal merit was permitted to develop the idea, and arrange a field experience." Berke himself was the first director of the UCLACorrections Program,which placed law studentsinside the walls of prisons. Of his law professors, Berke says that Monroe Price was particularly instrumental in getting him thinking about "what good law could do."
From UCLA Berke went to the public defender's office, where he handled all the complaints pertaining to the infamous "shredding ca.se," representing in all about 150 clients, victims of alleged police brutality. In 1974, the Supreme Court decided that defense attorneys in a criminal case were entitled to information pertaining to the past disciplinary complaint
RobertBerke '73
records of police officers. Subsequently, high-ranking officials of the LAPD and the city attorney's office began to discuss ways of destroying the discoverable material.
When Berke found out about it, he launched an investigation, and was defense counsel in Municipal Court, where he showed that the bad faith was so extensive all the cases had to be dismissed. In related work, Berke attacked the appearance of conflict of interest when the City Attorney's office "neutrally" prosecutes cases of police-citizen altercations. In part as a result of this work, "the City Attorney's office no longer prosecutes cases involving police officers," says Berke
After six and a half years with the public defender, Berke joined the Center for Law in the Public Interest in May of 1980. Since then he has worked on, among other things, class action litigation over the involuntary confinement of persons who have tuberculosis. Some of these persons have been kept in county jail for six months or more in near-solitary confinement,
"treated as prisoners, all without a trial, all without a court order," says Berke, even though they have committed no crime.
Berke voices frustration over the fact there are not enough attorneys or resources to go around in public interest law. As he explains, "There are so many cases that need attention. Literally hundreds of cases need to be brought before the public which would result in public savings and in humane treatment of individuals."
Matching up private law firms and attorneys who want to do pro bono publico with clients who need them is the task of Carol Kuntz Lysaght '74, associate director of Public Counsel, a public interest law firm in Los Angeles funded by the L.A. County Bar and by the Beverly Hills Bar Association. Public Counsel was founded in order to try to encourage private lawyers to do pro bona work in a variety of areas; hopefully, the ones they're interested in. Many of the private lawyers are UCLA graduates who practice in major firms or for themselves.
CarolKuntzLysaght'74
"Our assumption," says Lysaght, "was that if we offered lawyers a carefully-structured program to make use oftheirtalents,they would jump in and do substantial amounts of pro bona work. And in fact that's exactlywhat's happened."
WorkingintandemwiththeLegalAidFoundation of Los Angeles, Public Counsel takes cases such as landlord-tenant disputes, uninsured motorist, and especially the lien sale contract and equity fraud casesthathavebeensomuchinthenewsoverthelast yearorso.Well-screenedclientscomeintomeetwith thelawyers,whoholdlegalclinicsonenightperweek.
"Lawyers enjoy working with individual clients -something which may not ordinarily be a part of their practice," Lysaght comments. "It's exciting for them to run a case on their own and get trial experience. Some, in fact, say it's the most exciting work they've ever done, especially the many who have saved their clients' homes from foreclosure."
The function of Public Counsel, then, is to make "rational use of the lawyer's time, and to serve the
heartfelt needs of the community," she adds. Once a lawyer takes on a case, Lysaght does the important back-upwork ofanswering questions,giving advice, and in general helping to keep the case rolling forward.
The response from attorneys, says Lysaght, has beenenormous: "We'vehadatleast 450lawyerstake on two cases apiece." Further, she estimates that future prospects are very good, because the group of lawyerssheworkswith isstill expanding, "thereisa huge residue of interest," and recruitment goes on constantly
Upstairs from Carol Kuntz Lysaght, at the Western Center on Law and Poverty, is Patricia Tenoso '72. Tenoso entered the UCLA School of Law already committed to the general area of public interest law, andcreditsthe administrativelaw advocacy and trial advoEacyclinicalprogramsfor "informing me about what legal services was doing."
Having been at the Western Center since 1975, her mostprominentcase-onewhichhitthefrontpageof
Patricia Tenoso '72
the Los Angeles Herald Examiner during the spring of this year-was Underwood v. HUD, in which she helped to negotiate the largest settlement in history on behalf of poor people.
Following the Arab oil embargo, the U.S. Congress enacted a subsidy program which required HUD to use a particular fund of money to pay for increases in taxes and utilities in HUD-subsidized and regulated section 236 housing. HUD did notcomply; meantime, rents went up unlawfully. When lawsuits were filed, HUD would only make payments where there was an outstandingcourtorderaffecting an individual housing project or tenant-yet about 4000 such projects existed across the country.
"We filed the Underwood suit," says Tenoso, "on behalf of every tenant in a section 236 project who wasn't already represented in a class action lawsuit that had been filed or gone to judgment. This made HUD sit down at the bargaining table, because we were representing half a million people."
In the settlement negotiations, HUD required that a
coherent method be set up to avert the "administrative nightmare" of making small refunds to persons scattered all over the United States. The accounting furn of Price-Waterhouse came up with the most complete and thorough program. HUD was convinced, and consequently will begin to distribute the refunds (amounting to a total of between $45 and $50 million) this fall.
Says Tenoso of Underwood and other clients she's represented, "Their problems are external to them. Someone is either taking advantage of them for economic profit or not doing what the law requires."
Tenoso-who says she enjoys "beating City Hall"-has a very personal involvement in her work. "The thing I have enjoyed about legal services is the freedom to pursue cases thatare of importance to me," she continues. "It makes adifference to me that I think I'm on the right side of the issue. I care about the result.I'd rather work on things I enjoy doing ,than be paid more and have to handle cases thatI'm not interested in."
StevenBelasco '75
Working for California Rural Legal Assistance in the farming community of Santa Maria is Steven Belasco '75. "For the overwhelming number of people wesee,"hesays,"themainproblemistheydon'thave enough money. They buy a car, can't keep up the payments, and then take the car back to the dealer, thinkingthat'stheendofit.They'rethensurprisedto fmd they're being sued for an additional amount of money."
Belasco,too,worksoncasesthathavebroadimpact on the community of Santa Maria itself. Such a case concernedtheCommunityDevelopmentBlockGrant funds, given to the city by the federal government each year to address problems that primarily affect low and moderate-income groups.
However,withmostofthatmoneythecity choseto tear down the east side of downtown and erect a shopping mall; it hada similarplan for refurbishing the west side when Belasco arrived in 1976. Belasco and the CRLA provided assistance to El Pueblo Unido,a Mexican-Americanumbrellagroup,onhow
tolobby the city fathers.
"They made the city fathers aware," he says,"that there was a tremendouslylarge group of people who needed housing assistance,and that the federal program was designed to deal with housing problems."
Theresult: eversince then,50 percentofthe funds have been channeled into housing. Belasco performed a similar function by reminding a local hospital-after seeing clients who were being sued byacollectionagencybecausetheycouldn'tpaytheir hospital bills-that they should have qualified for freecareunder thefederal Hill-Burton funds.
Atthetime,thehospitalwasusingonly$27,000out ofatotal annual grantof $104,000. Thatsituationhas now been reversed; the entire amount of the grant is used every year.
Suchstruggles,saysBelasco,shouldnotbe seenin termsof "winning" a victory.As he explains, "What you do is to join the battle. You do it on behalf of a group that you perceive to be a client constituency. They could put $1 million into housing in this area
IKeith Wyatt '7
and there wo uld still ?f shortage."
Belasco speaks of the Jpecial aspects of doing the kind of work h e does i small community. "If you want to be effec ti ve as a c m4nity attorney," he says , "you have t o c ommit yo u e lf t o b e ing here for quite a while. Yo u h ave to ge t \ o · he p oint where the people don't t hi nk y ou ' r e just ~o e aazy radical drifting in from L.A. to c aus e troub l ." !11
For Keith Wyatt '77, t o om~ to work at the Greater Watts Jus t ice Ce nte r wa i, be c ome actively engaged in fighting "an oppre ss i e s ituation I wanted to do .. something a b o ut ," for t h m a jority of cases he has handle d since have dea l wi th the matter of police bruta lity 1 '
"T h e b i gge st difficulty you c onfront in this job," says Wyatt , " is that y our lient is always the underdog. O ften th e only a v a i abl ~'. e vidence comes from police officer t es timony. J ri e s!are inclined to believe that 'a po li ce offi cer wou n'f:lie .' Your client is in a disadvantage d po s ition fr m tlh ~start."
Neve r t h e l ess , Wyatt wa succ essful in a recent case
of alleged brutality As he relates , four deputy sheriffs went to the house of his client. Violence ensued, and Wyatt's client and his brother got beaten so severely that they had to be hospitalized in the jail ward of County USC Hospital.
Wyatt's client was charged with battery on a police officer-a typical charge, according to Wyatt. As he says , "The client ends up doing all he can to keep from getting a conviction as a result of this thing. And if he's not convicted, he's happy." In this case, there were numerous witnesses in his client's behalf, which resulted in an a cquitta l.
A civil lawsuit is generally unavailable to such clients because it's difficult to locate an attorney who's willing to take the case on a contingency fee basis. " It's a very sad thing," says Wyatt, "to do all this work in a situation where your client's rights have cl e arly been infringed upon , and yet this is all the person is l e ft with."
While Wyatt attended the UCLA School of Law, he found the clinical programs to be "extremely help-
-
TobyRothschild '69
ful," becausetheyprovidedthemostpracticaltypeof insightintowhatthepracticeoflawisallabout.Inhis clinical experience, he represented people trying to maintaincustodyoftheirchildren. "Youlearntoconfrontdefeat," he says, "whichmakes you grow as an attorney. You learn to let yourclientsknow that they may have to compromise, in order to keep the thing theyholdsodearin at least some form."
At the time that Toby Rothschild '69 went to the UCLA School of Law, its clinicalprograms were still in arelativestage of infancy. However, he refers to a consumercreditseminar he took from Dean William D.Warrenasacriticalfactorthatinspiredhimtomove in the direction of consumerlaw.
Since the early 1970s, Rothschild has been at the Legal Aid Foundation of Long Beach; for the last sevenyears,asitsexecutivedirector.Ironically,itwas oneofhis firstcasesthere, Winters v. Security Bank, which eventually had a great deal of impact upon consumer law in the state of California
Rothschild's client, having dutifully made the last
payment on his automobile, asked the bank for the pinkslip.Thebank declined tohanditover, citing an outstanding $82 in insurance it had purchased for him on his behalf. Rothschild filed suit against the bank to force it to turn over the pink slip.
It was a classic case for Rothschild because, as he explains, "We were able to spend over 200 hours of attorneytimeonan$82case,simplybecausewefeltit mightsolvealotofotherpeople'sproblemsaswell."
A trial court agreed that, although his client did owe the $82, the bank couldn't hold the pink slip as securityforthecar. Asaresultofa pieceoflegislation that Rothschild personally worked on, banks must now give prior notice that the insurance is being purchased, spelloutseveraloptionsofhowitmaybe paid off, and advise consumers that they may obtain the insurance independently.
"Legal services is an exciting place to be," says Rothschild. "When I get involved in a case, I wantto beabletotakeitallthewayifI have to.Theeconomic limitations of a private practice generally prohibit
For Yolanda Gomez '79, a staff attorney at the San Fernando Valley Neighborhood Legal Services, this field was a natural for her: she had been doing this kind of work all her life. She comes from a unionoriented family in Porterville, got experience in her teens as a community worker, and later taught high school for three years before deciding to go to law scho ol. While at the UCLA School of ,Law she worked for two and a half years at El Centro Legal de Santa Monica, which is, in her est imation, "a great place to learn about legal services. You learn how to interview
Yolanda Gomez '79 that kind of involvement." Rothschild has noticed a change in people coming out of law school over the last ten years. "In the late '60s," he says, "law students wanted to change the world. When they found out they couldn't, they often got discouraged. Now their attitude is less to change the world, and more to see that there is more justice and fairness in the system. That is a very healthy thing."
people. Under the guidance of attorneys, you learn how to research the information you need, and how to draft pleadings." Gomez sees a great need for community education in the area of preventative law. "Once something happens to our clients," she explains, "we are often powerless to do anything about it. People don't understand the meaning of legal forms. If the law says that ignorance is no excuse, then efforts have to be made to make sure there is no ignorance of the law." At San Fernanqo Valley Neighborhood Legal Services, the atmosphere is hectic. "You come in on a Saturday or a Sunday ," she says, "and we've got a full staff. Clients know we're here late and that we work on weekends. They come looking for us at all hours." Despite the amount of time Gomez puts into her job, she finds the nature of the work rewarding, stimulating, and highly satisfying. Those who choose to go into legal services will, she believes, "love it. And they'll want to spend a lot of hours. Once you come here, the work just gets in your blood. " D
he lawyer's role is to help clients. In doingso, alawyershouldproceedby making conscious choices rather than by relying on intuition," says UCLA's Professor DavidA. Binder.
On this principle, Binder has constructed a theoretical frameworkfor legal interviewingandcounseling. "Tobuildthismodel, Iputmyself in the shoes of the client and thenasked, 'If I were a client, what would a lawyer have to do in order to satisfy me as a client?'" says Binder.
The answer to that question can be found in Binder's book, Legal Interviewing and Counseling:A Client-Centered Approach. The book grew out of Binder's work in clinical education at the UCLA School of Law but the instruction he developed has proven useful even for attorneys with decades of experience. UCLA psychologist Susan C. Price, coauthor of the text, contributed the book's psychologicalinsights.
Thus, the client is central to Binder's model. Says he: "Traditional legal education largely ignores the client'sneeds. Whentheclientismentionedatall, the discussionusuallyfocusessolely onwinning a lawsuit. However, victory in a lawsuit often cannot give the clientwhatisneededinthewayofrelief. A satisfactory solution, in the ideal sense, must deal with clients'economic, social, andpsychologicalconcerns as well."
This means that the lawyer must inevitably deal with emotions. "If you disregard people's feelings, youwill not beabletoobtaintheinformationneeded to work out solutions to their problems efficiently," says Binder.
Thus, good interviewing and counseling require a searchforrationalsolutionstofullyhumanproblems.
Binderundertook his searchas aresultof his own dissatisfaction with lawyering. He left private practice because he wanted to do work that he felt was socially useful. He took a position at the Western CenteronLawandPoverty. TheUCLA SchoolofLaw, just beginning aclinical program, had establishedan officeatthecenter."Iwastobethepersonresponsible forteachinglawyering skills to law students, but nobodyknew what that meant," says Binder.
Soonafterward, hewasofferedafacultypositionat UCLA. "I wasn't interested in teaching," he says. "I wasinterestedinlawyering. IhadnoideathatImight playaroleinhelping lessfortunatepersonsbybeing ateacher."
Thefulldegreetowhichhehasfulfilledhisrolesas teacherandhelperofotherswasrecognizedthisyear when Professor Binder received the School of Law's William A. RutterAward for Excellencein Teaching.
DavidA.Binder: TheCoach OfConscious Choice
by Wayne Sage
The Rutter Award noted Professor Binder's work in developing the School's clinical program. Dean William D. Warren, atthepresentation, characterized Professor Binder as "one of America's most distinguishedclinical law teachers," adding that Binderis considered a pioneer in developing clinical legal education.
Students in the clinical program generally work with people who can't afford a lawyer or with middle-income clients who would otherwise obtain "a lawyer who couldn't do justice to the case and survive economically," as Binder puts it.
Wayne Sagehasbeenaregularcontributortothesecolumns.
The work is not only socially useful, but personally fulfilling as well. Lawyers who have been practicing for as long as 20 years have enrolled in a course in legal counseling which Binder helped to design for the American Bar Association. Almost without exception, they leave the class changing the ways they deal with clients.
One of the most important techniques a lawyer can learn to use in interviewing and counseling is active listening. As the client relates his problems, the lawyer makes a conscious effort to identify the client's feelings and reflect them to him in non-judgmental, empathetic statements.
For example, a client charged with stealing mer-
chandise from a department store might be so concerned with the case's effect on his employment potential that he cannot concentrate on the lawyer's questions about what happened. A lawyer, sensing the client's concern, might say, "You must be worried about how all of this is going to effect your future employment."
The purpose of active listening is to let the client know that you understand what his situation really is. Experience has shown that it also encourages the client to open up and continue. Furthermore, it helps the lawyer to gain a broad view of the situation and an idea of the part he or she can play in a resolution of the client's total dilemma.
Once a litigation interview is underway, a useful techniqueis thechronologicaloverview The attorney askstheclienttostartwherehefeelsthetroublebegan and to relate the events as they occurred. The lawyer encourages theclient along the waywithopen-ended questions such as, "What happened next?"
There are numerous advantages to having clients tell their stories in this way. It is an aid to recall and frequently brings out facts the lawyer would never have thought to ask about. The client was present at the scene; the lawyer was not. Rarely, therefore, can the lawyer reconstruct the whole story by asking did this, that, and the next thing occur.
Thelawyer must rely on the client asthe percipient witness to describe what occurred, and can ease the client's burden by encouraging him to tell his story in the order that the events took place. A probe for detail, which is likely to interrupt the client's train of thought, can be saved until the overview has been completed.
After the chronological overview, the lawyer can focus the client's mind on specific segments oftimeto gain the necessary detail. From the legal perspective, substantive rights of the parties are dependent on what happened at certain critical points on the temporal horizon.
In probing for detail, a technique called the "TFunnel" is useful. The lawyer asks open-ended questions until the client's recall is exhausted. In the case of acar salesman who mademisrepresentationsto the client,forexample,one might say, 'Tellmeeverything he said about the car' and continue with questions such as, 'Then what did he say?'. The attorney then uses narrow questions to gather specific details which the client may have forgottento relate. Example: "Did he say anything about the engine?"
The T-Funnel was originally developed as a device to help students stay on the subject as they practiced interviewing.It alsohelpstostimulatememoryandto achieve thoroughness in questioning.
Along the way, every lawyer at sometime must deal with a client's reluctance to talk. The solution is
usually to help the client realize that it is in his or her interest to be candid even about sensitive matters. Various factors may account for a client's deliberate choice to lie. For instance, the facts of some traumatic event, such as a death or a rape, may simply be too difficult to face. Or the truth may present an "ego threat;" someone who was taken by a con artist, for example, may notwantto admithis or her stupidity in falling for the scam. Sometimes the client may perceive the truth to be a "case threat." A person under such a misconception may try to hide facts which he or she believes would jeopardize his or her position. Furthermore, the client may fearthathis or herlawyer will lose faith in the case if the truth comes out. Whatever the source of the reluctance, motivation to overcome it must be provided by the lawyer Devices to deal with conscious fabrication run from outright confrontation to gentle coaxing. "Initially, the more direct you are, the more likely you are to disrupt the relationship. We offer a list of techniques organized on a continuum from the least confrontive to the most confrontive, but we have no prescription for when one strategy or the other is best. This is one area where only judgment and experience will serve as a guide."
There are casesinwhichitis appropriate to attempt to extract the truth against the client's will. Child abuse cases, whichstudents in UCLA clinical courses frequently encounter, sometimes present these instances. In one recent case, a father insisted that his son had been badly burned as the result ofan accidental fall into a tub of scalding water. Consultation with experts confirmed the clinical student's suspicion that the burns could not have been inflicted in this manner. "Such a client must be made to understand that if he continues to tell this story, he has little chance of ever regaining custody of his child," says Binder.
Both lawyers and educators have long assumed interviewing and counseling skills can be learned only through experience. Binder has pioneered in instruction thatoffers students a conceptual model as
wellasskillstraining.Classroomdiscussionprovides a theoretical understanding of the interaction between lawyer and client. Videotapes arethenused to present models of both good and bad examples of interviewing and counseling. Studentsthenpractice the techniques and receive feedback to help them improve their performances.
The most important part of such a course, Binder feels, is training in the counseling aspect of the lawyer's role. Says Binder: "We try to train people to go through the process of examining the consequences, both positive and negative, legal and nonlegal, of the alternatives available to the client. The lawyer'sroleisnotsimplytotellpeoplewhattodo."
Buttheroleofthelawyerdoesnotendwithsimply mapping out the choices and the consequences, Binder insists. "Therearedefinitelytimes when it is appropriate for a lawyer to go further and advise a client whether or not to follow a given alternative. Butwe don't yethavea goodconceptuallineto draw to determine when an attorney should do this and when the lawyer should leave the final decision to the client."
Lawyersstumblefrequentlyatthistheoreticalline, often giving advicewhen they shouldn't and not givingitwhentheyshould. "Aclientwilltypicallygoto a lawyer with a settlement offer and askif he can get more or less by going to court. In most cases, an experienced lawyerhas some ideawhethertheclient willprevailornot,andthat'swhattheclientispaying to hear. Yet many lawyers are saying 'Ican't tell you' because they don't want to take responsibility for an adverse outcome. On the other hand, you have lawyers telling clients how to divide property in a divorce settlement where they have no idea of the personalvalueofthedifferentitemstotheirclients."
Binder hopes toclarify this area as hecontinues to
"My hope is that we will end up with a lawyer who has a more integrated and well-rounded legal education and hence is better able to serve clients."
refme and extend his ideas. He intends to revise the interviewing and counseling text to show how the principles he has developed can be applied in nonlitigation contexts such as business and estate planning.
In addition, he wants to write another book about lawyering. "In my judgment, there are two major things missing from legal education. The first is an analysisof the client andthe lawyer roles in relation to solving the client's problem. That's what Legal Interviewing and Counseling is about.
"Theotherthingmissingfromlegaleducationisan analysisoffactualdispute.Intraditionallegaleducation,wetellstudentsthefactsandaskthemtomanipulate the legal doctrine. As every lawyer knows, at leastinlitigation,70percentofthetimeisdevotednot todisputedquestionsoflawbuttodisputedquestions offact.Iwanttowriteabookthatintegratestheclient into the legal education process and talks about the resolution of disputed questions of fact and how lawyerscangoaboutsolvingthoseconflicts.Myhope is that we will end up with a lawyer who has a more integrated and well-rounded legal education and hence is better able to serve clients." D
ACenterofCommunicationsLaw
by Kathleen Neumeyer
t seemed like a natural for the UCLA School of Law.
Complex new legal issues, spawned by incredible technological advances, were creating an atmosphere of considerable flux in the whole area of communications law, and no other major law school was focusing on the problem. Important legal developments and debate dominated virtually every area of the communications industry. Congress was considering rewriting the copyright law and amending major sections of the Comml).nications Act, as well as codifying the right of journalists to protect their sources. The growth of the cable industry was facilitated by a string of FCC regulations which were open to divergent interpretation. There were major changes in the fields of satellite and pay television, subject to complex government regulation, and the film industry was in an uproar over a series of Supreme Court decisions on obscenity.
While the communications bar traditionally had clustered around the Federal Communications Commission in Washington, D.C., the Los Angeles area seemed an obvious secondary center because of the entertainment industry's importance to the fledgling cable and pay television industry.
So it seemed, serendipitously, that there was a need within the legal profession waiting to be filled, and that the UCLA School of Law waseminently qualified and the logical candidate to fill it. That led, in the
autumn of 1972, to the establishment of the Communications Law Program to train law students and, at the same time, to serve as a resource center for the legal profession in this expanding field.
Professor Monroe Price, who was one of the founders of the program, had just returned from a ,stint as deputy director of the Sloan Commission on Cable Communications, and the communications field was fresh in his mind
Price and others on the faculty were interested in "starting a form of legal education that would be more like a grad school,with a master-apprentice approach. We wanted to hire a person to work with students over a period of time, and to train them in one area."
In addition to testing out an alternative form of legal education, Price said it was also hoped that the program would encourage students to broaden their geographical horizons-that by placing students in internship programs in New York and Washington, many of them would make contacts that would lead them to practice outside of the Southern California lotus land that so many UCLA graduates are loathe to leave.
Given that set of goals for a teaching program, "Communications law was a natural," Price says.
Kathleen Neumeyer is a free-lance journalist with interests in communications and law. She is a contributing editor to Los Angeles Magazine and a correspondent for The Economist of London.
"There was substantial interest in communications law, and it seemed tome to be an area where the law schoolcould be ofservice."
"The program has succeeded beyond my wildest expectations," Price says. "It has had a substantial impact on the law school, by legitimatizing various teachingapproachesandmakingthelawschoolmore amenable to experimental ideas, and it has had an impact on students, a number of whose careers have been profoundly affected."
The Communications Law Program is designed to affect not just a small cadre of students who wish to concentrate on that subject, but to touch as many students as possible through a variety of offerings. UnderthedirectionfirstofGeoffreyCowan,nowwith the Center for Law in the Public Interest, and then Tracy Westen, who left to become deputy director of theFederalTradeCommission'sConsumerProtection Bureau, and since 1977 of Professor Charles M. Firestone,theprogrampresentsguestspeakers,seminars, and special symposia which even first year students may attend.
Because UCLA was one of the first law schools to develop a series of courses and teaching materials in the field, the program's syllabus and resources have been used by other schools, and the program has attracted a diverse body of students who come to the UCLA School of Law especially for communications law
Three basic courses are offered. The introductory course, open to second and third year students, has beensopopularthatinsomeyearsstudentshavehad to be turned away. Students from other law schools, graduate students in other disciplines, and even one local television newscaster, have enrolled in the course.
Firestone, who formerly was director of litigation at the Citizens Communications Center, a public interestcommunications lawfirm in Washington, D.C., teachesthesurveycourse. Hefocusesonthedifferent ways the First Amendment is applied to various media. To beginwith, students are askedwhat justifications, if any, there are for the different regulatory treatmentofthebroadcastandprintmedia. Inanalyzingthe issue, the class studies regulatory techniques used by the FCC and other agencies, and considers whether new technologies, such as cable and satellites, affect the underlying assumptions of broadcast regulation.
Duringthesecondsemesterseminar, thefocusison newtechnologies incommunications andthe appropriate legal response. In the spring of 1978, the class undertook the project of actually writing a comprehensive new Communications Act. Armed with the same materials that the Congressional subcommit-
teewas using simultaneously, each student prepared a text for a new Act and a documented memorandumexplainingwhatchangeswereneededandwhy. ThefinishedproductwassubmittedtotheHousesubcommittee, but the class approach was not adopted.
Thespring, 1979, seminarwasdevotedtoanunderstanding of the burgeoning field of communications common carriers.
The third course in the series is Professor Price's advanced seminar on cable television.
During their second or third year, interested students may take part in a semester-away externship program, receiving law school credit for work with public interest communications law firms, federal agencies, FCC commissioners, public broadcast organizations, congressional subcommittees, or the National Association of Broadcasters' general counsel's office.
Theymayalsogetinvolvedinspecializedresearch projects on developing aspects of communications law, oftenresultinginpublishedlawreviewarticles.
For the past three years, the law school has published the Federal Communications Law Journal, which had been edited for the previous 29 years by membersoftheFederalCommunications BarAssociation. Now completely student-edited and managed, thejournalhasbecomemorescholarly, andsinceitis mailed out to all 1200 members of the communications bar, it creates an ideal target audience for students whose work is published.
Research by students and the faculty expertise in communications law have been useful to Congressional committees, eliciting requests for testimony, drawing conference invitations, and focusing attentionontheprogramasasourceofideasandlitigation assistance.
The program also serves the profession through symposia and seminars such as the two-day symposium on "The Foreseeable Future of Television Networks" in February, 1979, whichwas attended by nearly300persons. ParticipantsincludedU.S. Circuit CourtJudgeDavidBazelon, FederalCommunications Commission Chairman Charles Ferris, Public Broadcasting SystemChairman Newton Minow, producer NormanLear,AssistantSecretaryofCommerceHenry Geller, and more than 20 otherexperts.
Thereisalsoaplanafoottosponsoranationalmoot court competition in communications and entertainment law. The competition would take place at UCLA at the same time as the symposium, and some of the participants could serve as judges.
Professor Charles M. Firestone's class in communications law
Firestone is currently engaged in an active fundraisingdrive.TheCommunicationsLawProgramwas initially funded by grants from the John and Mary MarkleFoundationfor1972-1978,andsincethenhas beenjointly subsidized bythe Schoolof Lawandthe University, with additional grants from Norman Lear'sTandem/T.A.T.companies and from the Harris Foundation. Grant proposals now are being considered by various foundations, and an advisory committee has been named to help stimulate more fund-raising. The program is looking for contributions from individuals and corporations as well.
Since its inception,the program has been actively engagedinlitigationprojectswhichusethe research and drafting energies of students under the supervisionoffacultyand,at times,alumni.
Congressman Henry Waxman '64,a member ofthe House Commerce Committee, which oversees communications matters, says that the Communications Law Program, by virtue of its involvement in litigation,hasshapedtheinterpretationoftheCommunica-
tions Act. The program has been involved in dozens of litigation projects, including the FCC v. National Citizens Committee for Broadcasting, which Firestone argued before the Supreme Court in January, 1978.(Oneofhisopponents was former Harvard Law School Dean and Solicitor General Ervin Griswold.)
Firestone says the school has no trouble finding appropriate pro bona cases,but wouldwelcome participation by more alumni "interested in working with bright young students. The alum gets to keep abreast with communications law, and gets to work with students in a one-to-one teaching situation. Sometimes the lawyer gets trained too," he notes.
The litigation program and the innovative externshipprogramarefeaturesmanylawschoolgraduates credit with being pivotal in their decisions to continue with communications or entertainment law.
Peter Lopez '74 says the program "affected my careerverydramaticallybecauseitgavemeaninsight intoanareawithwhichIhadnopreviousexperience, andcausedmetochangemycareerplansandbecome
an entertainment lawyer." Lopez, a partner in Mitchell, Silberberg & Knupp, has been mentioned by the White House as a possible nominee for the FCC.
Graduates have gone towork fortheFCC,forother federal agencies in Washington, and for the large communicationslawfirmsinWashington.Othersare working in firms in the Los Angeles area,often concentrating on entertainment law. Tripp Rothschild '76 is with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in Washington; DurhamMonsma'77isonthelegalstaff oftheTimes-MirrorCorporation;JoaquinCantu'80is working for theFCC; Fern Kaplan '78 is working for Wilmer&Pickeringin Washington; andSusanJacoby '80 is with the Centerfor Law in the PublicInterest.
Atleastonegraduateoftheprogramisstillworking onacaseshegotasaresultofherstudentexperience. AnneRoberts'76wasonafellowshipattheCenterfor Law in the Public Interest when program director TracyWestenaskedifshewouldliketohandleacase involvinga radio station license renewal.
"IgotthecaselessthanaweekafterIwasswornin, was in depositions three months later, and tried the case six months afterI wasadmitted," she recalls."It was unbelievable. It was the kind of experience you just dream about and never get."
"She also has been a tremendous success," Firestone points out.Carryingthe case with her on a pro bona basis through subsequent appeals, she finally got a 7-0 FCC ruling denying the license renewal application of San Diego radio station KIFM on groundsthe stationfailedtokeepitspromisesandto meetthe needs of the community.
Roberts joined Kaplan, Livingston earlier thisyear, and is practicing entertainment law, but says, "I would love to seethe communications law aspect of thefirmexpanded.IthinkthereistoolittlecommunicationslawontheWestCoast.Toomanypeoplefeelit needsto belimitedto Washington, D.C."
Mary S. Ledding '74, now a stafflawyer for MetroGoldwyn-Mayer, says that the grounding she got in communications law has been useful toher in working for a motion picture company.
"I don't use it a lot in my work, but there is an interspersing of issues. I did a lot of work on cable television during my internship at the Rand Corp., and of course that has been helpful in working on licensing to cable and cable discs, and that sort of thing," she says.
Marilyn Holle '74, who is currently employed by theWesternLawCenterfortheHandicapped,saysthe program "wasaverygood,practicalmethodoflearning administrative law, and a better-than-most clinical program."
Mark Neubauer '76 was one of the students attracted by the communications program at its inception.AgraduateoftheMedillSchoolofJournalismat Northwestern University, where he earned both his bachelor's and master's degrees, Neubauer intended to pursue a journalism career after his juris doctor. Although he spent a year as a reporter for the Miami Herald, he is now an associate at Buchalter, Nemer, Fields,Christie & Younger,and has continuedto take part in the communications law program by supervising students working on public interest cases.
Paul R. Salerno Jr. '74 reflects that his experiences in the Communications Law Program "probably had anoverall goodeffect,butnotinthemannerthatwas intended."
Salerno says "I don't do much in communications law, so substantively, I didn't gain much, but the quarter-away in Washington taught me that briefwriting and litigation were what I enjoyed. I'm a litigator now, and I do pro bona work on First Amendment,do-goodertypecases,soitprobablywas useful to me more in terms of methodology than substance."
Salerno also points out that in one respect, the semester-away program may be "bad for the mental health of law students."
"It was an exciting job in Washington: writing briefs and getting involved in the nuts and bolts of litigation,gettingatasteoftherealworld.Goingback to the third year of law school and sitting through Remedies were pure agony," Salerno laughs. D
News
SixEminentScholars
AcceptAppointments
ToUCLALawFaculty
by Neil Miller
Six eminent scholars havejoinedthe Schoolof Lawfaculty thisyear.Accepting appointments as professorsof lawareJames E. Krier, George Priest, and Grace Blumberg. New visiting professorsare Martha Field, Stephen Munzer, and AnnMcConnell.
Dean William D. Warren notedthat the extraordinary quality ofthese new facultyis indicative of the stature of UCLA'sSchool ofLaw.
"Inmy opinion," said Warren, "no law schoolin the nation has had as successful ayearin attracting distinguishedfaculty We're extremely pleasedwith the results of ourfaculty recruitment."
Nationallyknown scholar James E. Krierreturnsto theSchool ofLawafter teaching law atStanford fortwo years. He taught at UCLA from 1969 to 1978.
"I'vemissed UCLA," Krier says. "The quality oftheSchool,thecommunityspirit of students andfaculty makeitfor me the only place tobe."
This year Krier will teach courses in propertyand environmental law.
Krier is currentlycoauthoring abook on property thatgoes to press this fall. He'salso conducting research inthe area ofenvironmental law, workthat includesdescribingnew regulatory methodsused by government, transferable pollution rights, and economic systems of enforcement.
''I'm trying to find outwhy governmenthas suddenlyshown an interest in economic factors related tothe environment,why varioussecurity systems exist, and why differenttypes of systems are needed," says Krier
George Priestand Grace Blumberg both have been on the lawfaculty of theState University of New York at Buffalobefore accepting UCLA appointments.
The relationship between law and economics isthespecialinterest of George Priest, who is on leave from UCLA during the current semester to teachat Yale. "Sometime in the future at UCLA," Priestsays, "I'dliketo offer acoursethatwouldbe team taught by alawprofessorandan economics professor.''
Much of Priest'stime is devoted to a massive study oftrialcourtdecisions andjuryverdicts.Thestudy is supported by the CivilJusticeInstitute of the Rand Corporation. Withthe use of computers, Priestis tabulating data gatheredover a 20-yearperiod.
"I'llexamine roughly half of the 19,000 casesthatwere litigated from 1959 to 1979 inone specifi.c area of jurisdiction," hesays. "I want to fi.nd outwhateffects result from changes in law.I'm looking atthe operation of the jury system, howit differs fromjudges' decisionsor arbitration.I'llbe working onthisprojectforabout the next three orfour years."
Priest wasattractedto UCLA not onlybecause theSchool ofLaw is one of thenation'sbest, but also because of UCLA's strong economics department. "My interest in economics made UCLA especially attractive to me," Priest says. "I like beinghere because the studentsareactive,aggressive,and intelligent,andbecauseof the sophisticated legal practice in LosAngeles."
Grace Blumberg'sexperienceincludesmorethanthestudyandteaching of law.She hasbeenboth asocial workerand a documentaryfi.lmmaker In 1974 she graduatedfrom Harvard LawSchool.
Blumbergis preparingthreearticles forpublication.She believes that the topic of one of her papers,the rights of unmarriedcohabitants, hasbeen totally neglected byAmerican law
"I prefer a status approach," she says. "There should be a fair measure of recovery: thevalueof services rendered by the woman minus the amount of supportprovidedby the man." Improvement of the current laws in this fi.eld is necessary,she feels,because "men and womenwho live togethertoday are simply not making contracts."
"I've also done some consulting for a
fi.lm production company," Blumberg says. "I'm trying to ensure the accuracy, from a legal standpoint, of a scnpt about family custody."
Five years ago, when Blumberg met the UCLA Law Schoolfaculty, she was impressed. That favorable opinion
James E. Krier
Martha Field
GraceBlumberg
Stephen Munzer
hasn't changed. "It'sa good working environment," she says. "People here share my interests. The students are excellent."
Blumberg teaches community property, familylaw,and children and the law.
Martha Field, a member of the Harvardlaw faculty, is a visitingprofessor at UCLA this year. She is teaching a seminarin sex discrimination and a coursein civil rights jurisdiction. Field's general interest is constitutionallaw,an area about which she is
writing a casebook. She considers sovereign immunity "a confusing body of law thatneedssortingout. For instance, I'm trying todetermine when it'sappropriatefor an individual to receive damages from the state.
"Sex discrimination is an issue I've alsodevelopedaninterest in," Field says. 'Tm anxious to see how the SupremeCourtrules on theconstitutionality of thedraft.I thinkthat decision will have aninfluenceon the future of the ERA." Fieldfears that if the draft is ruled constitutional, the ERA will suffer a significant setback.
Field considers the UCLA School of Law an excellentatmosphere in which to teach and write. "The faculty is top-notch," she says. "It's a school I've thought well of for alongtime. And comingfromBoston,I love the sunshine here."
Visiting from the University of MinnesotaSchoolof Law is Stephen Munzer, whose background includes not only a law degree from Yale, but a Ph.D. in philosophy from Oxford.
Munzer'sprimaryinterest is combining philosophical analysis of legal problemswithactuallegalissues. "By looking at philosophical theories relating to property," Munzer says, "I hope to bridge the gapbetween the philosophicalthinkingon property, which tends to be abstract, andthe purely legal aspects of property, which are more concrete."
A paper Munzer is writing deals with retroactive property. In it he would like to show that retroactive propertylegislationis justifiable in some cases (where it is needed in the cause of justice), but that other kinds of retroactive property legislation are less justifiable.
"I've readnumerouspublications by UCLA law faculty members," Munzer says. "Iknowhowexcellenttheyare."
Munzeris teaching a course in property, afallseminarcalled "Topics in Legal Philosophy," and a spring seminar on government takings of private property.
After graduating from Yale Law Schoolin 1978,Ann McConnell taught for a year atboth the University of Miami and Albany University. She comes to UCLA to visit for a year and to teach criminal law, constitutional law, and women and the law.
Like Stephen Munzer, McConnell has a backgroundinphilosophy. 'Tminterested in applying philosophy to the law," she says. "Law is a practical field in which to utilize my knowledge."
GeorgePriest
Ann McConnell
In a paper McConnell is writing she analyzes conservatives' strongest arguments against abortion. The moral and religious arguments against abortion are, according to McConnell, irrelevant. "T he top conservative voices against abortion realize this," McConnell says. "My discussion focuses on their more persuasive claims."
McConnell likes UCLA for several reasons. "People are warm, friendly, socially concerned, and there are more women on the faculty and in the student body here than in probably any other law school of comparable size."
MootCourtFields
SuccessfulTeams InaRecordYear
UCLA fielded one of the most active and successful Moot Court programs in the country last year, entering more tournaments than ever before, and traveling almost 20,000 air miles.
Supported by both student dues and alumni donations, such as the annual David Sabih Award, the Moot Court teams covered more distance than the UCLA football and basketball teams combined.
Students representing the UCLA School of Law competed and won numerous awards in tournament competition around California and in the nation:
National Competition (San Francisco/ New York), Becky Mahoney, Richard Jones, Margaret Dollbaum; Roger J. Traynor Competition (Los Angeles), Richard Lunetta and Jack Russo won the Best Brief award; Robert Wagner National Labor Law Competition (New York). Paul Lax and Kathy Lax. Craven Constitutional Law Competition (Chapel Hill, N.C.), Knox Kimberly had the highest individual brief score and Kimberly and Ann Baskins took second place for the Best Brief; American Bar Association Competition (San Francisco), Norm Aladjem, Richard Brody.
Phillip Jessup International Law Competition (Los Angeles/Washington, D.C.), Jeff Leow, Flory Pinigis, Martin Rothblatt, Jesse Kaplan, Sam Israel, Hoyt
After the rigors oforientation, entering law students allowedthemselves afew momentsfor relaxation during thetraditional cookout at Sunset Canyon Recreation Center.Dean William D. Warrenseemed pleased as ahandshake cemented a newly formedfriendship;
Zia, Wes Kumugai, Istran Benko; Administrative Law Competition (Dayton, Ohio), the team of John Cochrane and Gail Anderson placed second in Orals with Cochrane being named the Outstanding Oral Advocate. Intellectual Property Competition (Los Angeles). Richard Lunetta and Jack Russo were second in Best Brief, Norm Aladjem and William Staley won Best Team and Best Brief awards; Donald Wright Southern California Competition (Los Angeles). Steve Dickinson, Joan McCarthy, and Eric Samuel won the Best Brief award; Western Regional National Trial Advocacy Competition (San Francisco), Eric Schneider, William Warhurst; American Bar Association Client Counseling Competition (Los Angeles), Chris Ryan, Barbara Yonemura.
Steve Rawson, the new Moot Court Chief Justice, says that this year's team will continue to go to as many competitions as funds permit. All second and third-year members of Moot Court are eligible to compete in the tournaments. Robert Barnes, who during the past
year was Chief Justice, stresses that fmancial support is essential to continued strong showings by the Moot Court. Unlike Moot Court teams at some law schools, where competing individuals can attend tournaments only at their own expense, UCLA has been able to provide its Moot Court teams with enough money for travel, hotels, and a per diem.
RegionalMeetings
Washington, D.C., alumni held a meeting and luncheon on June 2. Guest speaker was Professor Murray L. Schwartz.
Tri-county alumni gathered on June 25 at the Pier Point Inn in Ventura to hear Dean William D. Warren, who was guest speaker at their luncheon.
Dean of Admissions Michael Rappaport was engrossed in welcoming new students, who are academically among the strongest ever admitted to the School ofLaw.
TheClassof1983: AShowofStrength
The School of Law has enrolled 379 students in this fall's first-year class, and those who are now beginning their studies give clear evidence of UCLA's strong national reputation.
There were more than 3200 applicants for admission, and the competition for places in the first-year class was keener than ever. "Academically, this is one of the strongest classes we've admitted," said Dean of Admissions Michael Rappaport.
The Class of 1983 is very diverse geographically, with even larger representation than before from all regions of the nation. There are also more minority students in this year's entering class than there were a year ago; more than 20 percent of the class are minority students.
There's a significant rise in the number of older students, too, indicating that experienced people are seeing law as a second career.
For all those reasons, the faculty and administration of the School of Law consider the Class of '83 one which holds exceptional promise for the future, and one which will contribute much to the School and to the legal profession.
GretchenThompson DirectsPlacement
During the 1979-80 academic year, Thompson directed placement for the UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Science. She was a counselor in the UCLA Placement and Career Planning Center for six years, and is an instructor in career counseling courses offered through UCLA Extension. Thompson and her staff in the School of Law Placement Office will direct an on-campus program this year in which some 350 law firms, corporations, and governmental agencies will be interviewing students.
She also plans to develop placement programs focusing on alternative law careers and law-related careers.
Gretchen Thompson has been appointed director of placement for the School of Law, and she brings to the placement office extensive experience in career planning and counseling.
ClassReunions
Class of '55
June 21, 1980, was the date selected by members of the Class of '55 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of their graduation. They gathered at a cocktail buffet at the James E. West Center on the UCLA campus. William Amsbary, Paul Posner, and David Simon were members of the reunion committee.
Class of '60
The Class of '60 will gather at a buffet dinner at the James E. West Center on October 25, 1980. Hugo D. De Castro, Stanley Fimberg, and Stuart Simke are members of the reunion committee planning the event.
Class of '70
Members of the Class of '70 will meet for a buffet brunch at the Lobster House in Marina de! Rey on October 5, 1980. Steve Gilbert, Laura Glickman, James Leonard, Rodney Lilyquist, and Donald Re formed the reunion committee.
Class of '75
The Class of '75 will mark the fifth anniversary of its graduation with a dinner party at the UCLA Faculty Center on October 4, 1980. James Barrall, Sandra Kass, Sharon Ruvalcaba, and David Simon participated in the organization of the reunion.
For further information regarding forthcoming class reunions, please call Bea Cameron at (213) 825-7049.
Classnotes
Warren J. Abbott '58 has joinedthe Metropolitan Water District ofSouthern California as assistant general counsel.
Terry D. Avchen '77 has joinedthe litigation department ofthe law firm of Wyman, Bautzer, Rothman and Kuchel in Los Angeles
Peter A. Barbosa '72 is in private practice in Fair Oaks.After leaving California Rural Legal Assistance, he spent five years working in the state capital. When the California Agricultural Labor Relations Board wascreatedhe was appointed administrative law officer, holding jurisdictional hearings and unfair labor practices hearings. Peterhas beenelectedpresidentof the Fair Oaks Bar Association.
Joe Bryant'64 has joinedthe Bank of California Trust Department as head of the Probate Division for Southern California.Recently initiated into UCLA's Honorary Order of the BlueShield andelectedpresident of the Westside BruinClub, he is a member of Beverly Hills and Wilshire Estate Planning Councils.
Dennis A. Cohen '74 has openedthe Centerfor Enforcement of Family Support in Los Angeles.The lawoffice specializesin collection ofpastdue childand spousal support.
Allan B. Cutrow '71 has become a partnerof the Century City firm of Ladin, Kassan& Kurtz.Thenameofthe firm was changed to Ladin, Kassan, Kurtz & Cutrow. The firm will continue to emphasize the areas of tax law, estate planning,probate, pensions, corporate andbusinesslaw,litigation, construction, domestic relations and real estate.
Daniel L. Dawes'74 has become vice president andassociate general counsel of Lucasfilm Ltd.
Hugo D. De Castro '60, senior partner of De Castro, West & Chodorow, Inc.,
has been appointed as a commissioner of the TaxAdvisory Commission ofthe State Bar ofCalifornia.He was recently installedasChairman-electofthe Western LosAngeles Regional Chamber of Commerce.
N. Paul Devereaux '72 has been appointed director of taxes ofCarnation Company,headquarteredin Los Angeles.
MichaelJohn Di Biase '79 and R. Roy Finkle '73 have become associates of the firm of Manatt, Phelps, Rothenberg & Tunney.
Stephen D. Drushall '66 and Martin J. Brill '72 have become members of the firm of Robinson, Wolas and Diamant.
Ronald A. Feole'69 has been elected vice presidentanddivisioncounsel of Santa Fe Minerals, Inc.,the Dallasbased oil and gas division of Santa Fe
International Corporation.
Martha Goldin '63 has been appointed by Governor Brown tothe Los Angeles Municipal Court.
Maria D. Hummer '76 and Julia D. Rider '75 have become partners of the Century City firm of Manatt, Phelps, Rothenberg & Tunney.
Bruce L. Kaplan '74 hasjoined A-Mark Financial Corporation as Vice President and General Counsel.
Rowan K. Klein '69 authored Chapter 23, "State Imprisonment and Parole," in the 1980 supplement to California Criminal Law Practice published by the Continuing Education ofthe Bar. He was assisted by Dale Davidson '78 and Daniel Mrotek '78.
Alex Kozinski '75 hasjoinedthe Washington f:trm of Covington & Burling where he isprincipally engagedin federal appellate litigation.
MarkP. Leach '78 is practicing general civil law as a solo practitioner in downtown Los Angeles.He will be a delegateto the State Bar Convention in Monterey, representing the Lawyers' Club of Los Angeles.
Lawrence N. Guzin '72 has been appointed Central Operations Division Manager for the Criminal Branch ofthe City Attorney's Office.
Mark A. Levin '70 formed apartnership with Robert H.Gans, M.D.,J.D., specializing in representation of physicians in disciplinary actionsbeforetheState Board of Medical Quality Assurance and in hospital staff disciplinary proceedings.
Richard S. LeVine'65 is now first vice president and general counsel for the Los Angeles real estate firm of Fred Sands Realtors.He was previously engagedas litigation counsel for Coldwell Banker & Company.
J. Patrick Maginnis '75 was recently appointed chairperson of the criminal law section ofthe Century City Bar Association.Hespecializes in criminal andpersonal injury litigation.
Peter Mason '77 has been appointed supervising attorney for the Central
TrialsSection of the City Attorney's Office.
Allen L. Michel '75 has opened law officesin Century City, joined by Philip J.Ganz,Jr., ofcounsel.Allen'spractice will continue to emphasize litigation of professional liability,business, real property and insurancematters.
Gay Lynne Natho '76 has become associated with the law offices of William C.Kuhsin Bakersfield.
Doug Neilsson '73 joined the newSan Jose office of Gibson,Dunn & Crutcher as an associate.Prior toreturningto privatepracticehe served as general counsel ofR.L.Burns Corporation, a NYSE company in the coal and oil and gas business with headquarters in San Diego.
Patricia Nelson '76 and Rowan K. Klein '69 announce theformation of a
partnership, Klein & Nelson, specializing in criminal law and prison law.
Alban I. Niles '63 was appointed to the Los Angeles County CivilService Commission in April, 1980.He was elected president of the Commission in May, 1980.A solo practitioner in Inglewood, he is practicing general civil and criminal law
J. Thomas Oldham '74 has written an article entitled: "RegulatingtheRegulators: Limitations uponState's Ability to Regulate Corporationswith Multi-StateContacts." It appearedin Vol.57 of the Denver Law Journal.
Richard G. Opper '76 and Ann Poppe '76 are married and practicing law in theTerritoryof Guam.Richardis legal counseltothe Departmentof Education and Ann is an associate of the firm of Klemm, Dear & Lawrence,whereshe does primarily commercial work for banks and developers.
Rodney H. Parsons '75 formed a partnership with John P.Lether known as Lether & Parsons in Brea, California.
Jonathan M. Purver '64 has coauthored a textbookentitledHandling Criminal Appeals, publishedin August 1980 by Lawyers Cooperative Publishing Co. He was aguestspeaker on criminal appellate practice for the 1980 annual meeting of the Association of Trial Lawyers of America,held in Montreal. He is aSan Franciscoattorney specializing incriminaland appellate representation, and an adjunct professor of constitutional law atSan Francisco LawSchool.Coauthor on the textbook was Lawrence Taylor '69.
Dale A. Raymond '78 received an LL.M.in taxationfromthe New York UniversitySchool of Law in June, 1979, and has become associated with the Century City firm of Alef &Short, a firm specializing in tax.
HarryM. Reynolds '73hasaccepteda position as Vice President, Business Affairs and General Managerof Whitfield Record Corp.Priortoaccepting this position, he was a member of the Century City law firm of Manning, Reynolds & Roberts, wherehe representedtherecord company.
Richard M. Roberg '68hasbeen nameda deputygeneralcounselfor the A.0. Smith Corporation in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Paul H. Robinson '73 wasrecently promoted to full professorat Rutgers UniversitySchoolofLaw.His recent publications include "A Brief History of DistinctionsinCriminalCulpability,"31 Hastings Law Journal 815 (198), aresearchmonograph, and "AnEmpirical Studyof Federal HabeasCorpus Review of StateCourt Judgments," (U.S.Dept.of Justice1979).Paulhas just finished a book entitled A Systematic Approach to Criminal Law Defenses.
James C. Romo '76 is apartnerin the newly formed firm of Atkinson, Andelson, Ruud & Romo.The firm, with offices in San Bernardino and Huntington Beach, will limitits practiceto private and public sectormanagement labor and employment relations.
Michael S. Rubin '74 hasbecome a principal inthe San Francisco furn of Silver, Rosen, Fischer & Stecher.
Wayne A. Schrader '75has relocated tothe Washington, D.C.,office of Gibson,Dunn &Crutcher.He continuesto specialize in equal employment opportunitylaw andtraditional laborlaw matters.
David I. Schulman '78 has joined the City Attorney of Los Angeles as a deputy cityattorney assigned tothe criminal trials division.He is also an organizerand member ofthe Board of Directors of theSouthernCalifornia Hospice Association, Inc.
Ruben Hawkins Scott '78 has joined the Southeast Legal Aid Center as a staffattorney in the Huntington Park offi.ce.
Nancy Spero-Regos '74 has become a memberof the fl.rm of Macdonald, Halsted & Laybourne.
Marc I. Steinbetg '75 is special counselin the offi.ce of the General Counsel at the Securities and ExchangeCommission and is an adjunct professor at the Georgetown University Law Center. He recently publishedarticles inthe securities regulation area inthe Cornell, Georgetown, George Washington and Notre Dame Law Reviews.
Marcy Tiffany '77has completed clerkship with DistrictJudge Mariana R.Pfaelzer '57 of the Central District of California and is currently clerking for Judge Abner J. Mikva ofthe Districtof Columbia Circuit. She will laterjoin the Washington offi.ce of Hughes, Hubbard & Reed where shewillengage in appellate litigation.
Alan Watts '60, after serving as Anaheim city attorney,hasbecome amemberofthefl.rmof RourkeandWoodruff, specializing in municipal law, public fi.nance,and public utility law.
Steven D. Weiner '74 has become a partnerinthe fl.rm of Solish & Jordan.
Stephen D. Yslas '72 has been appointed by Mayor Tom Bradley to the fi.ve-member Los Angeles Police Commission. Yslas is a divisiongeneral counsel forthe NorthropCorporation inCentury City
Marc Winthrop '74 has becomea partnerin the fl.rm of Rutan & Tucker.He specializes in municipal fi.nance, land use, andplanning and zoning law. He is alsoassistantcity attorneyof LagunaBeach.
