Two Row Times, October 29th, 2025 by Two Row Times

Ogwedeni:deo foster parenting a rewarding experience

ours.”

She was a young mother herself.

Lisa Henhawk has been a foster parent in the Six Nations community for decades.

She spoke of her heartwarming and emotional journey as a foster parent at the annual Foster Parents’ Gala held by Ogwadeni:deo earlier this month at The Gathering Place, saying the goal is always to reunify the children with their parents.

Henhawk, who fosters children from the community while having a husband, children of her own, and lots of extended family, said it’s a group effort. They all help.

“I don’t do this by myself. I’m very appreciative of the resources I have in how quickly Six Nations can come together to look after

“I had three children before I was 19. I’m pretty sure I didn’t make my parents too happy back then.”

But they accepted and helped and loved their grandchildren.

Henhawk went back to high school and graduated and then went to college for early childhood education.

“I chose that to help myself be a better mom, be a better parent, be a better community member for our children. So that’s where I’m coming from. It’s not easy supporting transitions, working with families. They don’t always see the picture like you do. I don’t always see the picture like they do. So it’s about coming together and doing what’s best for the child. Not being selfish.”

She added, “Being open minded and communicat-

ing feelings with families is important. It can be very emotional.”

Henhawk often maintains connections with the families of the children she’s fostered after the reunification.

She had a foster child come to her at 10 months old, where the mom came

into the system on her own asking for help.

“He returned home at three years of age. It was one of the hardest things I’ve ever had to do.”

Foster parents go through training and stay focused on the goal - which is to always the children return home to their families.

That mom has kept Henhawk in the boy’s life. He just had his sixth birthday recently and she was invited to see him.

She also spends weekends with him.

Henhawk said the mother appreciates the continued support in raising her son.

Foster parents don’t hear thank you enough, she said, and she’s grateful the mom kept Henhawk’s family a part of the boy’s life, who she said seems to be doing really well.

“He is a sweetheart. It (foster parenting) does work. She is a young mom. It’s not easy at all, the things she has to go through. She has struggles and I’m glad I can support her. I’m always going to be there for her. I’m glad that we can do that. Step outside of the box and let’s make it work for all of the children.”

Henhawk said she’s always prepared to love a child who needs her temporary care.

“Even before they come to me, before they enter the door, I love them with my whole heart. That’s my jobto raise our children in our community.”

One of her biggest worries, she says, is wondering if the children she fostered will remember her.

“Will they take away what I’ve given them? I also know I’ve loved hard and given them everything they needed while they were with me. Every time a child comes to my home, I just think, they are giving me this child, not only to love, but to teach and to nurture and watch them grow and keep them safe.”

Letting them go is the hardest part of the journey, she said, but that’s the goal of being a foster parent.

This

ADVANCE VOTER’S POLL – SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 15th, 2025 at the SIX NATIONS ONEIDA BUSINESS PARK – Suite 111 (50 Generations Drive – corner of Fourth Line and Hwy 6) from 9:00AM-2:00PM for the Election of one (1) Non Community Resident (Off -Reserve) Board of Trustee Member.

GENERAL VOTER’S POLL – SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 22 ND, 2025 at the SIX NATIONS ONEIDA BUSINESS PARK – Suite 111 (50 Generations Drive – corner of Fourth Line and Hwy 6) from 9:00AM-6:00PM for the Election of one (1) Non Community Resident (Off -Reserve) Board of Trustee Member.

If you have any questions call Melanie Bomberry, Trust Coordinator at 905 -765-1236 or email coordinator@sncomtrust.ca

Ogwadeni:deo's offices on 4th Line.

OGWADENI:DEO

History - Six Nations man died of injuries in 1929 Lacrosse Game

Hardy Silversmith, Six Nations, Hit in Stomach

Curated by Jim Windle

This article was originally published in the Brantford Expositor. Printed with permission.

Hardy Silversmith, his home on the reserve at 3 o'clock this morning as the result of injuries allegedly sustained in a Labor Day lacrosse match at the Onondaga Longhouse near Six Nations. Silversmith was a member of the Onondaga team that was playing the Mohawk Stars. The game became rough and finally assumed the proportions of a free-for-all during which Silversmith received a blow to the stomach. An inquest has been ordered for this afternoon at the Silversmith home near Six Nations post office.

No blame in 1930 lacrosse death Six Nations Reserve -- The jurors took a lenient view of the case, as Walter Vernon Martin was freed of any responsibility in connection with the death of Hardy Silversmith when the Supreme Court brought in a verdict of "Not guilty"* yesterday afternoon, after an hour's consideration of their verdict. Mr. Justice McEvoy summed up the case for the jurors at the opening of the afternoon session.

"If Martin caused injuries to Silversmith whereby he died," His Lordship said, "then he would be guilty of the offense of manslaughter. You have been told that Martin did not intentionally thrust his stick in Silversmith's stomach, but no intent

was necessary, for if it had been intentional then he would have to be tried for murder. "You ought to be careful. This player is accused of a serious offense, but lacrosse is a pretty vigorous game where hard knocks are given and taken as part of the play, Bodychecking is not done quietly or in the way of a petting party; the players expect to exercise their muscles and strength in swinging their sticks, If Silversmith was injured while bodychecking Martin, then Martin should not be convicted of manslaughter for the mere reason that he was the man who was in the play with Silversmith. Neither Martin nor Silversmith was guilty of any illegal act in the collision.

The Six Na*ons Farmers Agricultural Day 2025

Friday November 7, 2025 at the Six Na*ons Community Center 9:30am *ll 3:00pm

Agricultural Day Ac*vi*es:

Photo Booth, Greenhouse Produc*on, White/Flint

Corn Display, Grain products grown at Six Na*ons, Art work depic*ng a cultural way of life, the Ceremonial Cycle, Healthy Vegetable Garden Display. Many Children’s Farm Ac*vity Centers, A Food Booth will be available.

Photo Booth, Greenhouse Produc*on, White/Flint Corn Display, Grain products grown at Six Na*ons, Art work depic*ng a cultural way of life, the Ceremonial Cycle, Healthy Vegetable Garden Display. Many Children’s Farm Ac*vity Centers, A Food Booth will be available.

Scratch board and 50/50 *ckets will be for sale.

Informa*on sharing and update on the SNFA Farmers Associa*on Food Market/Resource Center/Green House Project.

Come join us for a fun ﬁlled day!

Ontario First Nations waiting on billions in delayed child welfare funding

Canada’s National Observer

For First Nations in Ontario, a multi-billion dollar child welfare agreement could be a lifeline for their communities, allowing them to run their own child welfare programs and raise their children closer to home and culture. But months after the signing, communities are still waiting for the funding to flow.

out because of opposition from the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society—one of the original complainants in a landmark human rights case that found Canada discriminated against First Nations children. The case kickstarted negotiations for compensation.

do that in an agreement that has a fixed term and no enforcement after that?” she said.

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“The Chiefs in our region have been clear: our children cannot wait,” said Abram Benedict, Ontario regional chief for the Chiefs of Ontario in a press release. “We have a strong mandate from the Ontario Chiefs-in-Assembly to pursue this agreement and any attempts to delay its implementation will be considered unacceptable interference in our communities’ inherent jurisdiction.”

The Ontario deal stalled

Now, the society has challenged the Ontario agreement at the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal and no money will be released until it rules.

Cindy Blackstock, the society’s executive director, said she is not opposed to the deal struck by the Chiefs of Ontario. Her concern is the nine-year funding window creates uncertainty about what happens after that. Additionally, federal funding is approved yearly, enabling Ottawa to reduce or cut support at its discretion. “The discrimination has to stop for multiple generations. So how do you

Blackstock also fears the federal government might leverage the Ontario deal as a national template to impose the Ontario framework across all provinces, despite other First Nations chiefs nationwide having rejected it.

“That really feels like where they’re going,” she said.

The deal with Ontario chiefs was reached after First Nations chiefs across Canada rejected a $47.8 billion national child welfare reform offer from the federal government in October 2024. The national rejection prompted Ottawa to decide it would no longer negotiate a national deal.

However, an $8.5 billion regional agreement to reform First Nations child

may be eligible for

As part of the First Nations Child and Family Services and Jordan’s Principle Settlement, Caregiving Parents and Caregiving Grandparents of Removed Children are now able to submit a Claim for compensation. This includes the biological and adoptive parents, biological and adoptive grandparents and First Nations Stepparents of a First Nations Child who was removed from their home between April 1, 1991, and March 31, 2022, by Child Welfare Authorities.

You do not need to provide child welfare records or share your story to submit a Claim. And you do not have to work through the Claim Process alone. Free support is available.

Across the country, Claims Helpers are available to help at no cost. They are ready to support you in person, by phone or video call – in both English and French, and also in some Indigenous languages.

Most Claims Helpers are Indigenous and are connected to their communities. They are trained in cultural safety and can help you through your Claim at a pace that works for you.

and family services in Ontario alone was struck with the Chiefs of Ontario and Nishnawbe Aski Nation who had supported the original agreement terms.

The historic deal, called the Ontario Final Settlement Agreement, promises to hand control of child welfare to Ontario First Nations along with nine years of funding which was set to begin in April, 2015. The money is to be used for culturally based prevention services, youth support up to age 26, housing to keep families together and regional cost adjustments.

Benedict told Canada’s National Observer the delay continues to trap First Nations children in outdated frameworks that leave communities “unable to respond quickly or effectively.”

Indigenous children in Canada continue to be taken from their families and placed in foster care at much higher rates than non-Indigenous children—a crisis called the “Millennial Scoop,” with more Indigenous kids in care today than during the worst period of the residential school era.

The agreement “paves the way for Ontario” to break from that legacy by delivering child welfare reform designed around the unique cultures, traditions and needs of Indigenous families, Benedict said.

Archie Wabasse, chief of Wunnumin Lake, said the child welfare system in his community is broken. Children are often taken from their families and placed far away because local families are not always approved as foster homes.

The promised funding, he said, would let his community create culturally grounded prevention programs, train local leaders to guide a wellness plan and choose foster carers to keep children close to home. Planned programs will offer early support through parenting and life skills workshops. “It’s almost like restoring the ability and trust to our First Nation to manage our own child welfare program,” Wabasse said.

Blackstock said the government is pressuring for the agreement to be approved by the Tribunal “as is,” and is tying the release of funds for First

Nations children to that approval. This approach she believes compromises Canada’s obligation to end discrimination against First Nations children and uses funding as leverage to gain legal immunity from the tribunal’s oversight.

A hearing schedule is now being set by the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal, with cross-examinations expected early next year.

The government has not stated when the money promised to First Nations children will actually be delivered without further delays or conditions, Blackstock said.

Blackstock added the government is blocking the release of funds for First Nations children in Ontario by including a clause that makes funding conditional on full tribunal approval. She added that the government could begin releasing some of the money immediately if it chose to do so.

“There’s no order required for Canada to provide Ontario Chiefs with additional funding for their children—none. They could do that tomorrow,” she said.

Nya:weh to All 2025 Funders, Sponsors, and Supporters of Language Revitalization

Since the establishment of the Six Nations Language Commission eighteen years ago, the language landscape in our community has transformed in remarkable ways. More of our young people are becoming proficient in multiple Haudenosaunee languages. Speaking our languages is increasingly recognized, encouraged, and embraced across Six Nations. Public awareness continues to grow, especially with the success of the adult immersion programming that started in the 90's for Mohawk, Cayuga, and Onondaga. Graduates from adult immersion programs have steadily increased, along with overall proficiency levels. Language-related employment opportunities are more common, and many employers are beginning to champion the use of our languages in the workplace. Throughout this progress, the steadfast commitment of local funders has remained essential. While there will always be more to be done than current funding frameworks allow-what we have achieved would not have been possible without the support of many organizations and individuals.

A recent local news article highlighted additional and critically needed support from the Six Nations Elected Council. We are deeply thankful for their ongoing contributions. At this time, we also wish to recognize the consistent support of other key funders whose long-term commitments were not referenced in the coverage, but whose support has been foundational to our achievements. Without their continued generosity, we would not be able to offer new programming, sustain language activities, nor realize the successes we celebrate today.

We express our sincere appreciation to the following organizations and partners who have supported the Language Commission in 2025:

We also want to acknowledge the many individuals who contribute personal donations each year. Your gifts directly strengthen our work and inspire and encourage our learners. Continued investment affirms to language learners, families, and the wider community that our languages hold immense value and deserve to thrive, and for this, we offer our wholehearted thanks.

OPINION editor@tworowtimes.com

Mohawk woman helping narcissistic abuse survivors

DONNA DURIC donna@tworowtimes.com

TWO ROW TIMES

When we talk about domestic violence in Western society, we think of bruises, bloody noses and police reports with verifiable physical markers as proof of abuse.

Physical, physical, physical. It gets all the focus when we talk about domestic violence.

Sometimes we don’t even see proof of physical abuse and one day find out a person has been murdered by their partner after years of relentless, behind the scenes abuse that was very well-hidden.

Physical abuse is only a tiny tip of the iceberg in terms of what the spectrum of domestic violence actually entails.

It can mean a partner controls your access to money, doesn’t let you drive or have a car, and isolates you at home so that you are entirely dependent on them for survival.

It can mean your partner monitors your technological and social media access, controlling your access to your phone or computer, having to know all your passwords at all times so they can monitor your online and phone activity.

It can mean they install cameras in the house to surveil you. It can mean they put a GPS tracker on your vehicle to know where you are at all times.

It can mean telling you that you have to be home by a certain time. It can mean they throw things, they break things, they smash cupboards,

they scream at the top of their lungs, they block doorways to prevent you from leaving or goingwithout laying a single hand or finger on you.

So there’s never any evidence. But yet, you’re being terrorized.

It can also be insidiousso insidious you don’t even realize it’s abuse.

It’s invalidating your feelings, emotions and perceptions. It’s being so incredibly clever and manipulative with words that they’re able to twist sentences and scenarios to make you always feel you are in the wrong. You are always apologizing for things you didn’t even know you did were wrong or hurtful.

You are accused of doing things you never did. You start wondering if you’re going crazy because they twisted your perception of reality so much using a method called gaslighting - where, for example, you know for a fact you left the keys on the front hall table but your partner moved them to the kitchen table and then calls you crazy or says you’re developing dementia for not remembering where you put them.

It’s when you confront your abuser and ask them to stop doing something that hurts you and they instead turn around the problem and blame it on you - a tactic called DARVO - Deny, Accuse, Reverse Victim and Offender.

Your entire sense of self, identity and voice is slowly, quietly, sabotaged, stripped away, and eroded over months, years and decades, until you are just a shell of a person who exists as a slave, or a puppet,

and your partner is the puppet master - pulling the strings and controlling every aspect of your life - financially, emotionally, spiritually, socially and mentally.

You are, in essence, a cult member and your partner is the cult leader.

But - not once did they hit you.

That’s what makes narcissistic abuse so wild and hidden and yet incredibly pervasive.

One Mohawk woman is working relentlessly to bring this type of abuse to the public consciousness on Six Nations and beyond.

Her name is Cher Obediah. And she’s a narcissistic abuse survivor.

After spending seven years in a relationship with a covert narcissist, Obediah learned everything she could about this painful and pervasive form of abuse.

She is now offering workshops on Six Nations and beyond to help people recognize this abuse, how to get out, and how to heal from it.

“There’s nothing in our area like so it’s very unique,” said Obediah.

Being in a narcissistically abusive relationship is so lonely, painful and confusing, she said.

There’s nothing in the local area that addresses it.

“People are very frustrated and they just need somewhere to go,” she said.

She’s already held a few workshops around the country.

The workshop spans about two hours, and she is hoping more people catch on to the idea and

book her for sessions, as her desire is to help spread awareness about this pervasive, yet insidious form of abuse, happening every day, in more closed doors than we know about, with people who are silently screaming for help but have no definition of knowing what’s happening to them or how to get out.

“I really want people to understand where does this word (narcissist) come from…what is the history of this?” said Obediah. “People have been dealing with it for centuries but we didn’t have a word for it.”

Narcissism refers to a rigid personality pattern and way of interacting with others marked by entitlement, lack of empathy, desire for excessive admiration or praise, a need for control, and overall, an abrasive, antagonistic personality style that doesn’t get along well with others.

It can play out in intimate partner settings, family settings, schools, workplaces, and institutional settings, such as healthcare, government and legal systems, to name a few.

“Romantic, family, workplace, they’re everywhere,” says Obediah. “Children are dealing with narcissistic parents; it’s everywhere you look.”

Narcissism has become an overused word, Obediah admits, which is why she wants to host more workshops to clarify its meaning.

“I want people to understand what it is versus what society thinks.”

She wants to help people understand how to identify the red flags of

narcissism, the different types of narcissism, and how to protect oneself from individuals on the narcissism spectrum.

Her knowledge comes from years of research and lived experience.

Covert narcissism is especially insidious, Obediah warns, because it can be masked so well by people who are pillars of the community - appearing kind, giving, warm, healed, etc. - while psychologically terrorizing an intimate partner behind closed doors.

Partners of these people feel so stuck and addicted to their abuser that they can’t just leave because by the time they recognize the abuse, they’re madly in love with the illusion of who the person pretended to be at the beginning and they keep hoping for that lovely person - that illusion - to come back.

Obediah says by the time the mask slips and the subtle abuse begins, you’re already trauma bonded to that person and it feels impossible to leave.

Trauma bonding is like an addiction, she says.

Brain chemicals are altered in a narcissistically abusive relationship, with the victim living for the highs of dopamine (a pleasure chemical) and oxytocin (a bonding chemical) after the abuser makes up with the victim or soothes them after first delivering a dose of abuse.

“Narcissistic abuse rewires your brain,” says Obediah.

The abuser sets you on fire, but also rescues you by putting the fire out and nursing you through the burn wounds afterwards, creating an incredibly

addictive dependence on the abuser.

“The workshop helps people understand why they’re drawn to narcissistic relationships,” says Obediah.

It helps people learn about themselves and become narcissist-proof in the future.

“Learn about yourself,” says Obediah. “You have to know and understand yourself.”

She says schools should start teaching young people about narcissism a lot more because it’s a survival skill.

“You have to learn to watch people. School taught us how to read books but not how to read people. That is a survival skill that we’re not being taught.”

Obediah is filling a void on Six Nations with her revolutionary narcissistic abuse workshops.

“People are feeling stuck. It’s so pervasive. It actually takes lives. They’re (narcissists) taking lives. They’re manipulating minds and stealing lives. That’s a crime for which no punishment exists. It’s not recognized in the courts and our court system is the holy grail of what we live on.”

Anyone wishing to learn more and book Obediah for a workshop can reach her at her website at www. cherobediah.com.

“My mandate is to eradicate emotional mismanagement. It’s at the root and foundation of what’s going wrong with society.” Her workshop also helps participants heal themselves from narcissistic abuse and get the tools to heal from that abuse.

Simcoe community grapples with shocking homicide investigation

SIMCOE – The town of Simcoe is reeling after the death of Robert Sykes, a former Boston Pizza team member, whose passing is now being investigated as a homicide. The news has spread quickly through the community, leaving many in shock and mourning the loss of a familiar face.

The investigation began following the discovery of human remains in a rural area outside of Simcoe. While official identification was pending, the ongoing police activity raised concerns among residents. Authorities have now confirmed that the remains are those of Sykes, and the case has

officially been classified as a homicide. The cause of death has not yet been released, and police are urging anyone with information to come forward as they piece together the circumstances surrounding this tragic event. This latest incident has stirred up difficult memories for the town, which is still dealing with the unresolved murder investigation from last year. The previous case, which remains open, has added to the community's sense of unease and grief. Residents are expressing a mix of sorrow and anxiety as they await further updates from the police.

Local community leaders are encouraging residents to support one another and cooperate with law enforcement as the investigation continues.

History: A puzzling case in the Expositor

September 9, 1902

Curated by Jim Windle

Note: The derogatory term Indian although innapropriate today was used in this 1902 Expositor article and is preserved for historical accuracy.

Puzzling Affair Is Now Before the Exchequer Court at Ottawa Ottawa, Sept. 9.-(Special.)-The case of the Mississauga Indians v. the King, came up at the exchequer court this morning, being a claim for the sum of $68.672. At the invitation of the Six Nation Indians the Mississauga left their reserve at Port Credit and were presented by the Six Nations with the Oneida and Tyendyendaga reserves. The sum of $16,000 was realized by the sale of the Port Credit land, and this sum, it is stated was expended for

Are you a proactive, community-minded problem solver with a heart for Indigenous prosperity? Two Rivers Community Development Centre is seeking an Indigenous Business Support Officer to help Indigenous entrepreneurs in First Nations communities and urban centres like the GTA access funding, grow their businesses, and build sustainable success.

The Organization

The Two Rivers Community Development Centre (Two Rivers) is an Aboriginal Financial Institution that supports Indigenous entrepreneurs in South/Central Ontario. Our vision is to build Aboriginal prosperity by providing financial support and business advisory services to Indigenous owned and controlled businesses in our service area.

Primary Contribution

Working with the Senior Loans Manager and CEO, the Indigenous Business Support Officer guides entrepreneurs through every stage of their business journey—from early planning and loan applications to post-funding follow-up and community outreach.

Responsibilities

 Client Relationship Stewardship

 Build trust and rapport through clear, culturally sensitive communication.

 Understand each entrepreneur’s goals, capacity, and challenges to provide tailored support.

 Deliver a positive first impression and maintain consistent, proactive follow-up.

 Information Gathering & Recommendations (Pre-Lending Support ~30%)

 Guide entrepreneurs in researching markets, assessing opportunities, and developing business plans.

 Educate clients on loan and grant options and assist with loan application preparation.

 Connect entrepreneurs with culturally aware advisors and financial service providers.

 Process Integrity & Operational Support (Post-Lending Support ~60%)

 Monitor client progress and identify early risks in financial or operational performance.

 Diagnose issues in budgeting, systems, or operations and recommend practical solutions.

 Support clie`nts in accessing specialized consultants and funding for additional expertise.

 Collaborate with the Senior Loans Manager to track and report client performance metrics.

 Community Engagement & Knowledge Sharing (Outreach ~10%)

 Execute outreach plans to engage entrepreneurs across Indigenous communities and urban centres.

 Attend events and workshops to promote programs and build community awareness.

 Share success stories and insights that inspire new and existing clients.

Reporting Structure, Work Setting, And Compensation

Reports to: Senior Loans Manager

Collaborates with: Chief Executive Officer and Loans Committee

Direct Reports: None

Environment: Hybrid—combining office-based work, remote support, and travel to First Nations communities and urban centres. Hours: Full-time, Monday to Friday, with occasional evenings or weekends for community events.

Travel: Approximately 10–15% within Ontario, including occasional overnight stays.

Compensation: Competitive salary commensurate with experience ($50,000–$65,000 range anticipated), plus benefits including health, dental, travel reimbursement, and professional development opportunities.

the benefit of the tribe by the Indian guardian, but afterwards Dr. P. E. Jones, acting for the Indians, claimed that the money had never been received or expended for them. The officials gave evidence for the receipt and expenditure of $16,000, but in the meantime, owing to a clerical error at the department, interest on $68,672, the whole amount claimed, with interest, had been regularly paid to the Indians and this itself proved to be irregular, no such 'appropriation having been voted by parliament. The irregularity was discovered by Hon. G. E. Foster, the payment, was discontinued and the $29,160 charged to the tribe. Then the tribe presented a petition of right and the present case was brought.

Qualifications

Experience: 3–5 years in business advising, financial analysis, or community economic development is preferred. Experience supporting Indigenous entrepreneurs, small businesses, or start-ups is highly valued.

Financial Knowledge: Strong understanding of business planning, budgeting, and lending processes, with the ability to interpret financial statements and identify opportunities for improvement.

Education: A degree or diploma in Business Administration, Finance, Economic Development, or a related field is preferred. Equivalent experience will also be considered.

Indigenous Economic Development: Familiarity with Indigenous business development, entrepreneurship, and community economic initiatives is an asset. Preference will be given to individuals with lived experience or membership in Indigenous communities.

Cultural Competency: Knowledge of Indigenous histories, cultures, and contemporary business challenges is important. The ability to engage with empathy and build culturally grounded relationships is essential.

Advisory & Communication Skills: Excellent interpersonal and presentation skills, with the ability to explain financial concepts clearly and build trust with diverse clients and partners.

Government & Funding Programs: Awareness of Indigenous-focused funding programs, grants, and contribution agreements that support business development is an asset.

EDI Statement

Two Rivers Community Development Centre is an equal opportunity employer. We are committed to building an inclusive, culturally aware workplace and welcome applications from all qualified individuals. Indigenous candidates and those with lived experience in Indigenous communities or business development are strongly encouraged to apply.

To Apply

Please submit your resume and a cover letter by [deadline] to: jordansmith@tworivers.ca with cc to davevince@tworivers.ca

History: 1922 the Six Nations Hoyane were encouraged by Deskaheh

Curated by Jim Windle

The following article ran in the December 1922 Expositor. The derogatory word "Indian" is used for historical accuracy.

Deskaheh quotes lansing as warning Canada to be careful over Six Nations treatment

Former U. S. Secretary

of State Says Claims of British on Behalf of Six Nations Would be Invalid If the Indians Were Subjects and Not Allies of the British Crown Deskaheh

and Hill in High Spirits Over Mission HAGERSVILLE. Ont..

Chief Levi General (Deskaheh) and David Hill were in very high spirits when seen last night by The Expositor on their return from New York and Washington.

Chief Deskaheh said, "I am confident that the League of Nations will be able to secure justice for the Six Nations. While in Washington I saw former Secretary of State Lansing. When I told him that we were being treated as subjects and not as Allies of the British crown he said: “They had better be careful what they are doing: the British Government at the present time has claim against the United States in respect to the Six Nations. This claim would be invalid if you are subjects and not allies of the crown.' While in New York I saw a number of leading citizens: they were

Notice of Public Information Centre No. 2

Paris Road/Golf Road and Trunk Watermain Environmental Assessment Studies

Project Information

The City of Brantford retained BT Engineering Inc. to plan for improvements to Paris Road and Golf Road and the extension of the trunk watermain in the vicinity of Highway 403, Canadian National Railway and surrounding area. The roadway project will be carried out as a Schedule C study under the Municipal Class Environmental Assessment (MCEA) February 2024 and the trunk watermain project as a Schedule B study. The road and watermain EAs are being undertaken concurrently due to the proximity of the projects.

The Process

The Study will follow the MCEA process by establishing the need and justification for the project, considering all reasonable alternatives with acceptable effects on the natural, social and cultural environments, and proactively consulting with the public, stakeholders and Indigenous Peoples.

Public Involvement

An in-person Public Information Centre (PIC) is being held as follows:

November 6, 2025 • 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Presentation at 6:00 p.m.

Walter Gretzky Municipal Golf Course and Learning Centre 320 Balmoral Drive, Brantford, ON N3R 7S2

amazed at the treatment which we had received and promised their fullest assistance.

All that we want is an accounting of our moneys and complete freedom on our own lands. The newspapers have treated me fairly." Chief General continued. "I will lay a full account of my most successful mission before the Six Nations Council to-morrow at Ohsweken.”

David S. Hill was even more enthusiastic over the results of his trip. He said, the Netherlands Government promised to bring our demands to the attention of the Imperial Government.

The officials at the Dutch Embassy gave us a most cordial and sympathetic reception. At the present time the Imperial and Canadian Governments are just passing the buck between each other. At his visit to the Six Nations in August, the Hon.

Charles Stewart promised the Six Nations to appoint their own officials at Brantford.

In November he said would I like to carry out my promises but cannot on account of that Civil Service Commission. The Six Nations want the guaranty and support of the Canadian Government over them which was established in 1834, by an order-in-council abolished."

With the sweep of his hand Chief Hill pointed to the lands along the Grand south of Caledonia.

“We have never been paid for these and we demand a settlement. We demand also, a repayment of the Indian money, $184.000 invested and lost in the Grand River Navigation Company. The Hon. Chas. Stewart has failed to keep his promises, We want justice, and that is all."

Public consultation is vital to this Study and the City wants to ensure that anyone with interest in the project has the opportunity to provide input. The public is encouraged to visit Brantford.ca/ParisGolfRoadEA to learn more about the project.

For more information or if you wish to be placed on the Study’s mailing or emailing contact list, email ParisGolfRoadEA@brantford.ca or contact one of the following:

James Clarke, C.E.T., PMP, Senior Project Manager City of Brantford 519-759-4150 Ext. 5198 ParisGolfRoadEA@brantford.ca

Joe Linseman, P.Eng., Trunk Watermain EA Lead Robinson Consultants Inc. 905-304-0080 Ext. 236

Steve Taylor, P.Eng., Consultant Project Manager BT Engineering Inc. 519-672-2222

Take time November 11th to pause and think of the freedoms we enjoy today because of the sacrifices made by all National and Aboriginal Veterans, The Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Allied Veterans, Serving, Retired, those who completed Basic Training and Honourably Released from The Canadian Armed Forces, and their families.

The Royal Canadian Legion, Ontario Provincial Command proudly supports all the above.

Do you know someone, in any of those categories, in need or who may qualify for Benefits?

Please contact us

Phone: 1-888-207-0939 or 1-905-841-7999

Email: rclontariocommand@on.legion.ca

Website: www.on.legion.ca

Ontario Command

Mandamus and the Crime of Neglect

An Overview of Legal Duty, Standing, and Enforcement Under the Haldimand Proclamation

By Benjamin Doolittle UE

Mandamus is a constitutional legal instrument used to compel a public authority to perform a clear and non-discretionary duty that it has neglected or refused to carry out.

It functions under the principle that where a duty exists, performance of that duty is not optional.

Mandamus arises when three legal conditions are present:

1. A specific public duty exists in law.

2. The duty is owed to a defined group or person.

3. No other adequate remedy is available.

When issued, Mandamus does not create new rights — it enforces existing ones that have been ignored or obstructed.

The Legal Foundation:

The Haldimand Proclamation

The Haldimand Proclamation, dated October 25, 1784, confirmed the grant of land along the Grand River “for the use of the Mohawk Nation and such others of the Six Nations who joined them” and specified that it was to be held “for their use and enjoyment forever.”

This language establishes a possessory interest in perpetuity.

It was not a treaty, nor a revocable license. It was a Crown act of confirmation and conveyance.

No subsequent statute, treaty, or surrender has lawfully extinguished the rights confirmed by this Proclamation.

Therefore, the legal duty to uphold and protect those rights remains active and binding on the Crown.

Nature of the Duty

The obligation created by the Proclamation is constitutional and fiduciary in nature.

The Crown must:

● Refrain from alienating or licensing the lands without lawful consent;

● Maintain the exclusive right of use and enjoyment as originally confirmed;

● Ensure that lawful beneficiaries are not displaced or deprived of that enjoyment.

Neglect of this duty, especially after notice, can constitute a breach of fiduciary duty and, under certain conditions, criminal negligence as defined by section 219 of the Criminal Code.

Standing and Hereditary Rights

The key question in enforcing this duty is who holds standing — that is, who has the recognized legal capacity to compel the Crown to perform.

Standing under the Haldimand Proclamation is hereditary, not administrative.

It arises from lineage to the three Mohawk villages named in the Haldimand Pledge of 1779, upon which the 1784 Proclamation was founded.

Those villages — the Mohawk communities who were displaced by war — formed the nucleus of the Haldimand grant.

Their descendants, and only their descendants, carry the lawful and inheritable right to assert standing in relation to the Proclamation.

This is a Crown-recognized mechanism, not an Indigenous political invention.

The Crown, in confirming hereditary rights, established that those rights pass through bloodline and not through membership in later-created administrative bodies.

Because the 1784 document named no natural person, the rights it confirmed must be connected through genealogical proof — tracing descent

back to one of the original Loyalist Mohawk families of the three pledged villages.

Without that traceable link, there is no legal connection to the Haldimand covena

Why Band Councils and Collective Rights Groups Lack Standing

The Six Nations Elected Council and similar administrative entities were created under the Indian Act and are recognized as instruments of the Crown.

Their jurisdiction arises from statute, not from inheritance.

As such, they function as agents of the Crown, not beneficiaries of its promises.

In law, an agent of the Crown cannot simultaneously act as a claimant against the Crown.

This creates an inherent conflict of interest.

Furthermore, collective rights groups operating under the framework of the Indian Act represent a generalized population, not the specific hereditary class that the Haldimand Proclamation addresses.

Their claims therefore lack the necessary legal nexus — the direct, inheritable connection to the Proclamation’s named beneficiaries

Establishing Standing

To establish standing under the Proclamation, an individual must demonstrate:

1. Lineal descent from a Loyalist Mohawk family of the three original villages;

2. Continuity of identification with that lineage;

3. That the right being asserted falls within the “exclusive use and enjoyment” confirmed in 1784.

This process does not require recognition by Band Council or Indian Affairs.

It is a matter of private and hereditary law, recog-

nized under the Crown’s own legal system.

Where such standing is demonstrated, the rightful descendants have authority to seek Mandamus to compel performance of the Crown’s duties under the Proclamation.

Civil Breach and Criminal Negligence

Historically, breaches of the Haldimand Proclamation have been addressed as civil fiduciary matters.

Civil remedies, such as compensation or negotiation, have failed to resolve systemic non-performance.

However, once a fiduciary is made aware of its ongoing breach and continues to disregard its duty, the omission may rise to criminal negligence under section 219(1)(b) of the Criminal Code:

“Every one is criminally negligent who… omits to do anything that it is his duty to do, showing wanton or reckless disregard for the lives or safety of other persons.”

In the context of the Proclamation, this in-

cludes deliberate administrative neglect after formal notice — failure to act where the law clearly commands action.

Application of Mandamus

Where standing is established, Mandamus becomes the proper legal instrument to enforce Crown performance.

It can compel:

● Recognition of lawful heirs and beneficiaries;

● Protection of exclusive use and enjoyment rights;

● Correction of administrative or statutory actions that violate the Proclamation.

Mandamus restores the line of duty between the Crown and those to whom it pledged protection, performance, and honour.

Summary

● The Haldimand Proclamation creates a perpetual possessory right and corresponding Crown duty.

● That duty remains active and enforceable.

● Standing under the Proclamation is hereditary and must be proven through lineage to the three Mohawk villages of the 1779 Pledge.

● Administrative or collective entities under the Indian Act lack standing due to statutory origin and Crown agency conflict.

● Mandamus is the lawful mechanism to compel the Crown to perform its constitutional duties.

● Continued inaction after notice may constitute criminal negligence.

Conclusion

The issue is not one of political identity or collective authority.

It is a question of lawful inheritance, traceable right, and constitutional duty.

Where lineage and duty converge, standing is established.

Once standing is established, the law commands performance — and the Crown must obey.

To honour, remember and give thanks for the First Nations, Métis and Inuit Veterans who have served and sacrificed in mind, body and spirit so all can enjoy peace. Lest we forget.

Montour returns with heavy heart

JIM WINDLE

“I needed time. I still need time,” said Seattle Kraken star defenseman Brandon Montour upon his return to the Kraken line-up following a bereavement leave during which he missed three regular season games to be with his family in Brantford. ”This is going to be a long process, but happy to be back.”

Montour shared with he media that his older brother, Cameron Noble-Montour, passed away Monday due to complications from ALS-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

“Obviously a rough week,” Montour said, through a voice thick with emotion, he said, “I’m very proud, very happy to be his brother. Somebody that I’ve looked up to since obviously day one. A great son, brother, best friend, father. He’s got two baby

girls.”

The family first noticed Cameron’s ailment about three or four years ago when he first noticed twitching in his arm. That slowly began to take over his motor skills until ALS became the destroyer of his motor nerves until his death last week.

“He battled hard,” Mon-

tour said. “It’s going to put everything in perspective with the highs that I’ve had in the last couple years with winning and having babies and creating my own family.”

All and all, Montour believes his brave brother we ready when he went.

“He was smiling. He was ready,” Brandon said.

The team, the fans, and the hockey world rallied around him, offering support during an unimaginably difficult time.

“Being back here in Seattle and seeing my kids and being a part of this again, keep my mind off other things, which will be good,” Montour said. “Miss him. He’s probably smiling and chirping me up there for crying, but love him. Yeah, it was a tough week.”

The entire Kraken organization has been fully cooperative in letting their ace “D” man take as long as he felt he needed before coming back into the fold.

He reassumed his position along the Kraken blueline for Saturday’s game against the Edmonton Oilers in which the Kraken won 3-2.

Brandon Montour brought back to the Kraken his rocket point shot, which will likely have just a little extra sauce on it in memory of his beloved brother.

Heavy hearted Brandon Montour has returned to the Seattle Kraken lineup following the ALS related death of his brother, Cam. KRAKENS

SIX NATIONS COUNCIL

SIX NATIONS AND NEW CREDIT

info@greatsn.com.

ATTN:

send notices to ads@tworowtimes.com

Obituaries For Sale

THOMAS: David Fred October 5, 1946 - October 27, 2025

At Norfolk General Hospital, Simcoe on October 27, 2025 at the age of 79 years. David will be lovingly remembered and sadly missed by his wife Marcia, children David “Sonny” (Shelley) and Tracey; grandchildren Mike, Carley-Rae (Danny), Carey-Leigh (Danny), Rhode (Emily), James, Koby; great grandchildren Kendall, Lyla-Shae, Jackson, Candace, Harley-Quinn, Lahnee-Leigh, and Macqoy. Predeceased by parents Jacob E. Thomas & Doris Keye, son Kyle “Brute”, and granddaughter Kylie.

The family will honour his life with visitation at Styres Funeral Home, 1798 4th Line, Ohsweken on Tuesday from 4-9 pm. Funeral Service will be held at the funeral home on Wednesday October 29, 2025 at 10am. Burial to follow at Onondaga Longhouse. www.rhbanderson.com

Six Nations Benevolent Association

P.O. Box 699, Ohsweken, Ontario NOA 1 MO

Email: sixnationsbenevolent@gmail.com

Life Sustainers - Natural Health Store in Ohsweken Iroquois Plaza

Grab and Go, gluten-free food items on sale until Nov 2, Sproos Collagen Powders for gut health, joint health, and skin 15% off Every Thurs is Senior Savings day, 15% off Nov 15-16th, Clairvoyant Readings with Gloria Brydges, call to schedule Store hours - Wed-Sun 10am-5pm PRESENTS OUR

Date: Sunday, November 16th 2025

Pay dues between 10-12pm

Adults $30 and Children $15 E-transfer payments accepted at: sixnationsbenevolent@gmail com or mail to the above address

Please bring your favourite side dishes!

New Members Always Welcome!

Being held at: 30 Cao Lane, Community Living Hall, Six Nations, Ohsweken, ON

We are in need of a New President!

See down below for more information about the role Quarterly Executive Meeting Dates to be announced, all members welcome to attend!

Hope to see everyone there!

Information about the role of a Six Nations Benevolent Association president:

The president will conduct the meeting according to the rules of the association. He/she shall cause the meeting to be opened by prayer, conduct the meeting in proper order, and attended to the business of the association. He she shall keep order in the meeting. He/she shall have the casting vote if the votes are even on any question. He/she shall close the meeting with a prayer.

Notice Toy Bingo

By Irene Schmidt-Adeney

For over five years, the Piecemakers Quilt Club has met at the Community Living Centre in Ohsweken, bringing together a group of sewists with all levels of skill and experience, but with a common goal – to give back to the community, both locally and nationwide. Dozens of “Quilts for

Survivors” are made and donated each year. They are distributed through the Quilts for Survivors, based in Timmins, or donated to survivors locally. The club has donated handmade fabric items, and last year made over 100 fabric shopping bags for the Six Nations Food Band, and dozens of quilted Christmas stockings

that were distributed at Iroquois Lodge.

Formed in 2019, Piecemakers’ mandate is to welcome new and experienced quilters, provide an opportunity to showcase quilting creations, demonstrate techniques, participate in and host workshops.

Sharing skills, stories, and laughter go hand-in-

hand with the sounds of sewing machines buzzing in the background.

Piecemakers is hosting its annual Christmas Craft and Quilt, Show and Sale at the Six Nations Community Hall, 1738 4th Line, Saturday, November 8th, 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. There is no admission charge.

Survivor Quilts will be on display. Piecemakers members, from left: Doris Henhawk, Dana Martin, Sheila Silver, Judy Taylor. Photo submitted.

Piecemakers Craft Show and Sale will feature Indian Residential School Survivor Quilt display

50th Wedding Anniversary

September 27, 1975 - September 27, 2025

Rick & Sharron Anderson

We would like to thank our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ for blessing us with 50 years of marriage and family.

We would like to thank our children Rickerz (Ricky) and Hallie for the delicious meal at the Best Western, Desmond for the photographer and our grandchildren London and Lincoln for helping out with the games and their beautiful speeches. We thank and love God for each one of you. It sure was a memorable night.

We thank our nephew Bryan (Myna Bird) for doing a great job as our Master of Ceremonies. Pastor Ken Hess for his prayers and kind devotion but also for his guidance and support throughout the years. The special music and singing by Dale, Abby, Char, Martha, Shelly, Claire, Dorothy-Lee and Larry “The Sault’s”, Kenny and Sonya Sault, Lulu, Savannah, James and Katlyn and Bryan (Myna Bird). Thank-you to Leenie, Rachel, Elisabeth, Becca, Wendy, Savannah and Chloe for the beautiful flowers and decor and Leenie for coordinating the games during the celebration. Also, we want to thank Tiffany Thomas of Taylre Media for the photography throughout the night.

To our Family & Friends we thank-you for celebrating and sharing our special 50th Anniversary. We are overflowing with gratitude and praise that you were able to share such an important night.

Love and God Bless

Rick & Sharron Anderson

1 John 4:19

We love him, because he first loved us.

SKYE: SUMMER RAVEN

February 10, 1996 - October 25, 2025

It is with deep sadness we announce the passing of “Gowahá:wi” Summer Raven Skye. She leaves behind her sun, moon and star Hiram, Marih and Noah, whom she loved dearly. Daughter of Kelvin and Sharon Skye. Baby sister to Willy (Erica), Missy, Jill (Troy), Rachel (Dusty), Sarah (Chad), and Sammy (Ken). Auntie to many nieces and nephews, along with 8 great nieces and nephews. Predeceased by grandparents George and Shirley Carpenter, David and Marjorie Skye, and niece Fiona Martin. Resting at her home 2374 6th Line Rd after 5pm on Sunday October 26. Funeral service will be held on Tuesday October 28 at Onondaga Longhouse at 11am. Arrangements by Styres Funeral Home, Ohsweken www.rhbanderson.com

CLUES ACROSS

1. El __, Texas town

5. Rocker’s tool

8. A lot

12. Traveling by ground

14. Spelling competition

15. Two-toed sloth

16. Small perfumed bag

18. “Much __ about nothing”

19. Tough-skinned mollusk

20. Removes from record

21. It warms the planet

22. Leafy green

23. Quality of arriving favorably

26. Living thing

30. “Six of Crows” author Bardugo

31. Got around a rule

32. Resin from burned substance

33. Iraq seaport

34. Religious leaders

39. Fugitives are on it

42. Samson’s influencer

44. Italian city

46. A quality of lacking interest

47. Predatory tropical fishes

49. Nobel physician Isodor

50. Luck

51. Stationary part of a motor or generator

56. Orthopedic professional group (abbr.)

57. One point south of due east

58. It follows 79

59. Paper currency

60. Anger

61. Spanish seaport

62. Sleep in a rough place

63. Famous museum

64. Selfs

CLUES DOWN

1. Bullfighting maneuver

2. From a distance

3. Soul and calypso song

4. Expressions of delight

5. Lower in esteem

6. Inner region of an organ

7. Flowers

8. A bog

9. Remove a fastening

10. Membranes

11. Enormous

13. One who abstains from drink

17. Malayan wild ox

24. Type of student

25. Rejecting all moral principles

26. Sino-Soviet block

27. Egyptian unit of weight

28. Wrong

29. Make a mistake

35. Indicates location

36. Boxing’s “GOAT”

37. Where wrestlers compete

38. Timid

40. Disney town

41. Suggesting the horror of death and decay

42. Male parent

43. Remove for good

44. Simple shoes

45. Flowers

47. Hindi courtesy title for a man

48. Not pleased

49. “Atlas Shrugged” author

52. CIA officer and writer

53. Hoodlum

54. __ Von Bismarck, Iron Chancellor

55. Woolen rugs

SUDOKU

ARIES – Mar 21/Apr 20

Your passion is ignited this week, Aries. A fun hobby might capture your full attention. Don’t be afraid to try something new or put your energy into something you really love.

TAURUS – Apr 21/May 21

This week is a great time to focus on the simple pleasures in life, Taurus. Enjoy a cozy night in or savor a delicious meal. Spending time in nature is another way to pass the time.

GEMINI – May 22/Jun 21

Gemini, you may find yourself drawn to new subjects and interesting people this week. It’s an excellent time for reading a book outside of your typical genre or learning a new skill.

CANCER – Jun 22/Jul 22

Harmony and warmth are abundant in your home right now, Cancer. This is the ideal week to strengthen bonds with family and loved ones. Think about making a homecooked meal.

LEO – Jul 23/Aug 23

Leo, your natural charisma is shining, making this the ideal week to express yourself or take on a leadership role. Your enthusiasm may lead others to be on your team.

VIRGO – Aug 24/Sept 22

Virgo, this is a week to tackle any organizational ideas that you have had on your mind. Even if you handle small projects around the house or elsewhere, you’ll create calm and exercise control.

LIBRA – Sept 23/Oct 23

Your diplomatic and charming nature will help you navigate social situations with ease this week, Libra. In fact, new relationships could be the highlight of your week.

SCORPIO – Oct 24/Nov 22

An opportunity for insightful self-reflection and personal growth comes your way, Scorpio. Get ready to let go of old habits and embrace a new, more confident version of yourself.

SAGITTARIUS – Nov 23/Dec 21

Sagittarius, adventure is calling your name this week and you will feel a strong urge to explore. Perhaps planning a trip or trying a new activity can fill the urge?

CAPRICORN – Dec 22/Jan 20

Capricorn, this week a professional goal you have been working on will finally reach a breakthrough. Stay focused and disciplined, and you will find yourself achieving a great deal.

AQUARIUS – Jan 21/Feb 18

A new idea that you share this week could gain traction and lead to an exciting collaboration, Aquarius. Your forward-thinking outlook is a valuable gift that others will appreciate.

PISCES – Feb 19/Mar 20

Pisces, your intuition is at an all-time high. Trust your gut, especially when it comes to creative or personal decisions. Nothing is out of reach for you right now.