Fig. 3 Club of New Social Type model and plan Variant A
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Fig. 4 Club of New Social Type plan and elevation Variant B
Leonidov’s Club of a New Social Type had a “number of separate but interconnected buildings, some of which were reserved for specialized purposes, while the rest were intended for unrestricted use” (Khan-Magomedov, Selim, 1987:457). “Leonidov treated a club complex as a kind of social cultural center, with a winter garden, a generalpurpose hall for lectures, cinema, demonstrations, meetings, use as a planetarium etc.; a laboratory; an open ground for glider competitions, motor racing, war games, tourism etc.; a sports hall; a playroom with playpens and a pool; and a park. In architectural terms, the ‘Club of a New Social Type’ represented a broadly conceived and loosely organized park-like composition with, as its centerpiece the great hall roofed by a parabolic vault-like covering“(KhanMagomedov, Selim, 1987:457).
Leonidov organized the club “as a vast park” (Kopp, 1985:112), which can contain different cultural and educational facilities, despite the established architecture of that time and making his design to emerge amongst the others. His park-like approach is to be observed by regarding not only its geometrical spatial organization but also its extensive program of club. In addition to the usual programmatic elements for club, he proposed a new spectrum of facilities, an open area for mass activities, as well as open-air screens (Gozak, Leonidov, 1988:60). By injecting these mass exhilarating activities and the new technology to the "Club of New Social Type", he responded to the necessity for developing intellectual needs of workers, and transforming complexity of urban life. In his Palace of Culture for the Proletarskii district of Moscow competition project in 1930,
Leonidov continued his “park-like organization”, emphasizing on the green and open areas for employing collective activities, which was more detailed with more specific and expansive program. “He used a large site on which he proposed to create a cultural complex forming an oasis of greenery amid throbbing modern urban life, and shielded from its hubbub, where one might find spiritual relaxation after a day work” (KhanMagomedov, Selim, 1987:458). Four specific programmatic sectors, divided by grid system to accommodate different activities were introduced. The first sector was designed for scientific and historical researches, the second one for mass activities, the third one for a field for demonstrations, and the last one for physical cultural activities. Despite the proposal of different shaped buildings in the sectors such as pyramid shaped gymnasium or the hemispherical glass domed
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