Design Realisation Report - TomPhillips - MArch

INSIDE

SITE CONTEXT + PROJECT DELIVERY:

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION:

BUILDING PERFORMANCE:

Systematic diagrams, drawings and models

From strategy to detail, we take

A tour on the functioning performances

will guide you through the process taken to

you through the scheme and

of the proposal and the relative strategies.

derive form and function.

give a broad overview.

THE APRIL 2030

HY-RAD

TOWER

THE 3RD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION We must not prolong the necessary shift towards the Third Industrial Revolution, which in turn seems a convincing route for revival.

THE NEW ERA OF CLEAN POWER Discover the vision of a Hydrogen Economy through the realization of the intial phase of London’s new island formations and VITAL hydrogen research facility.

A NEW TYPE OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IS REQUIRED Observe the necessary shifts in architectural thinking as the masterplan and specific building seeks to push the economy and it’s mindset into the necessary future.

PAST, PRESENT + FUTURE DESIGN Observe the changes made through the past and how Greenwich Peninsula has acted as the perfect template for the radical movement in architecture, energy and lifestyle.

Relentless

transformation has long been the background to our being

However

the very principles of change have been renewed

THOMAS . J . PHILLIPS DESIGN REALISATION REPORT THE UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH ID: 000616486-2

FORE-WORD Relentless

transformation has long been the background to our being, however at present, the very principles of change have been renewed.

We are no longer subject to the progressive momentum of society, but instead are found to be within the convulsion of an extensive systematic demise. Met with numerous pressures for change, this suggests a necessity for significant restructuring, a time to consider and apply radical alterations throughout all aspects of society, including architecture with the environmental design that encompasses it.

Environmental cataclysm can be said to have been our explicit, initial warning. A warning that distresses the structures of our planet through forms of pollution, poverty and the depletion of biodiversity across the globe. Many proclaim such changes are unaffordable and implausible, however such statements and negative suggestions imply a lack of understanding for the global predicament we face. We must not prolong the necessary shift towards the ‘Third Industrial Revolution’, which in turn seems a convincing route for an economic revival.

A complete restructure of existing energy production and distribution systems is essential in a liberating surge towards a sustainable, symbiotic world.

This will be achieved through iconic transformations in capitals, with london being the first. The research facility must stand high and proud as a landmark of a new era and be incorporated within an energy park detached from the mainland. Public access and exhibition aspects are fundamental in order to educate.

We

should envisage and strive for an economy powered by an energy that is freely available,

Hydrogen. Technological,

economic and social obstacles

that prevent the realization of the extraction and integration of this energy source in society are being reduced as time progresses, proving the transformation is imminent.

This element, and therefore this project, will necessarily change the very structure of political, social and architectural frameworks. We are surrounded by an abundance of Hydrogen, a renewable, unlimited and exciting energy source embedded within our natural environment and the new era of clean power will gain the ability for vast redistribution within a Hydrogen Economy, where the present day centralised systems of a hierarchical flow of energy, controlled by international oil and gas corporations, will become archaic and void.

This

iconic proposal is to be the instigator of the change and to last as the museum of the change thereafter.

Style,

materiality and infrastructural

impact are of the upmost quality, appearance and technological advancement, pushing the proposal into the new age of energy and lifestyle.

EDITOR: TOM PHILLIPS

CONTENTS 01

BUILDING CONTEXT SITE PLAN 2015 SITE HISTORY SITE PHOTOS HYDROGEN INCENTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS SITE USAGE LONDON FLOOD UTILISATION FLOOD CONTROL : SITE INTEGRATION SITE DEVELOPMENT : KNIGHT DRAGON SITE DEVELOPMENT : DESIGN STAGE URBAN PROPOSAL : PROGRAMME PLAN THE VISION SITE OVERLAY & INTEGRATION PHASE 01 APPLICATION SITE AERIAL PERSPECTIVE THE HYRAD TOWER

02

06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 20 22

BUILDING DELIVERY THE CLIENT THE BRIEF PROGRAMME SPECIFICS PROCUREMENT INTERNAL FUNDING TEAM STRUCTURE COMPETITION PLANNING RISK MANAGEMENT HEALTH & SAFETY RIBA STAGES PLAN OF WORKS

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

03

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

LANDSCAPE STRATEGY STRUCTURAL STRATEGY PRIMARY STRUCTURE PRIMARY STRUCTURE : CORE RELATIONSHIP TRUSS SYSTEMS STEEL STAIR CONSTRUCTION FLOOR BUILD UP STRATEGTY FACADE STRATEGY SLAB TO FACADE DETAILING GRAVITY WELL STRUCTURE MATERIALITY : EXTERNAL MATERIALITY : INTERNAL MATERIAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

05

APPENDICES

APPENDIX APPENDIX APPENDIX APPENDIX APPENDIX APPENDIX

01: WEST ELEVATION 02-08: PLANS 09: LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION 10: PEDESTRIAN STUDIES 11: PRIMARY STRUCTURE PRECEDENTS 12-13: BUILDING PRECEDENTS

72 73-79 80 81 82 83-84

04

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

OVERALL PERFORMANCE STRATEGY PROGRAMME & PARTICIPATION CIRCULATION VENTILATION ENERGY: PRODUCTION/STORAGE/USAGE ENERGY: CONSUMPTION GRADING WATER UTILIZATION SOLAR ANALYSIS DAYLIGHT STRATEGY DAYLIGHT STRATEGY VISUALISATION ACOUSTIC STRATEGY: OVERALL STRATEGY ACOUSTIC STRATEGY: SPECIFICS SERVICE STRATEGY: OVERALL STRATEGY SERVICE STRATEGY: DESCRIPTIVE AXONOMETRIC SERVICE STRATEGY: PUBLIC LEVEL SERVICE STRATEGY: PRIVATE LEVEL FIRE STRATEGY: OVERALL STRATEGY FIRE STRATEGY: PUBLIC LEVEL

52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

“...WE MUST NOT PROLONG THE NECESSARY SHIFT TOWARDS THE THIRD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION...”

EDITOR: TOM PHILLIPS

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01 BUILDING CONTEXT

SITE PLAN 2015

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1:500,000

1:200,000

1:50,000

1:10,000 Greenwich Peninsula has become an increasingly popular place to live and socialise for commuters, familes and businesses. It is one of the UK’s largest areas of public land with planning consent, working in partnership with the mayor of london and the council. The area is constantly under vast regeneration schemes and therefore its permanent existence is always questionable.

The Site

is a unique combustion of forms.

The O2 Arena

is sat amongst one of the nations top art colleges, the gateway pavillion, intricate gardens, mutliple housing schemes

including the knight dragon large remodel of the peninsula, and large works of art to name just a few of the programmes. communities are split and an obvious redevelopment is imminent. remodelling of the site and in turn programmes in-situ, this is

There is an obvious divide in the housing of the site, There are issues with the Knight dragon development, a development that has been used as the base plan for the vast explained further on in the document.

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BUILDING CONTEXT 01

SITE HISTORY

Throughout history, Greenwich Peninsula has changed countless times in terms of programme, usage, habitability and transportation. It is certainly one of the most developed and redeveloped, man made land masses in London. Constant redevelopment implies that it has not just been improved but has failed significantly in history to stand the test of time and is yet to create a lasting form/ image.

The Peninsula

1. Pre-1500 - Marshland.

2. Mid 1600’s - The

peninsula was drained by

allowing it to be used as pasture land.

Dutch

engineers,

3. Mid 1700’s - Blackwall Point (the northern tip of the peninsula opposite Blackwall) gained notoriety as a location where pirates’ corpses were hung in cages as a deterrent to other would-be pirates.

is a clean slate in need of transformation to push it forward both architecturally

and economically. It will be an example of what should be, a lasting, sculpted, urban model that

exploits the nature of the ‘clean slate’ with regards to the short and long term futures opposed to the apparent development of the ‘present to near future’.

4. 1857 - In 1857 a plan was presented to Parliament for a huge dock occupying much of the peninsula, it was rejected.

5. At

the southern end of the peninsula

Enderby’s Wharf

was

occupied by a succession of famous submarine cable companies.

1.

3.

6.

6. Early

Henry Blakeley’s Ordnance Works

industries included

making heavy guns, with other sites making chemicals, submarine cables, iron boats, iron and steel.

7. 1860 - Henry Bessemer London shipbuilding industry,

built a steel works to supply the

but this closed as a result of a fall

in demand due to the financial crisis of

1866.

8. Later came oil mills, shipbuilding, boiler making, manufacture of Portland cement and linoleum, and the South Metropolitan Gas companies huge East Greenwich Gas Works.

9,10+11.

4+5.

9. The

peninsula was steadily industrialised from the early

century onwards.

10. Early in the 20th century came Metals and works making asbestos feed.

11. For

over

100

bronze manufacturers and

‘Molassine Meal’

19th

Delta

animal

years the peninsula was dominated by the

gasworks which primarily produced town gas, also known as coal

7.

gas.

6.

12. 1917 - The site had its own extensive railway system connected to the main railway line near Charlton, and a large jetty used to unload coal and load coke.

13. Blackwall Tunnel opened in 1897, and had no railway or London Underground service until 1999.

2.

8.

14. Late 1900’s - Closure

3.

15.

9.

of the gasworks, power station

and other industries in the late

Greenwich Peninsula contaminated.

20.

12.

14.

19. Up

16.

to

phases of

Jubilee

line

opened.

Greenwich Millennium Village

2012 - Further Residential

to

transport

century left much of the

tube station on the

16. 2000 - The Millennium Dome

18. Up

20th

a barren wasteland, much of it heavily

15. 1999 - North Greenwich opened.

17. 2002 - Two

passenger

2015-Further Residential

development development

+

cable car

20. Currently - The completion of the HYRAD tower that works

in tangent with the rest of the peninsula that has now completed the scheduled development with new homes at

13.

19.

‘Future - A

lasting, remodelling of the peninsula. an

example of what should be implimented worldwide as a future, symbiotic and utopian urban model combining residential, energy production, agriculture and leisure’

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14.

Peninsula Riverside.

have headed the majority of the transformation.

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Knight Dragon

01 BUILDING CONTEXT

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SITE PHOTOS 2015

The

nature of the

Peninsula, upon design commencement, was dispersed with The chosen images show the diversity of the areas

another and even the site.

Ecology Park.

With

access by

Cable

a vast open space occupying numerous programmes varying in their relationship to one spanning from the monstrous

O2 Arena

to the housing at the south of the site and the

car and vast road networks in place it seemed transport was efficient from a distance but the infrastructure was in need of improvements

as congestion combined with the lack of routes to the west and east of the peninsula were not satisfied.

This

scheme, as a narrative and practical building with

infrastructural improvements, not only addresses the main infrastructural issues but also gives a lasting connection with the rest of london through site, programme, transport and compatibility in a forward moving economy.

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BUILDING CONTEXT 01

HYDROGEN INCENTIVE

The

Hydrogen, a vastly renewable, abundant, and clean energy source is a clear and key part of Hydrogen extraction, storage and utilization will inevitably become vastly cheaper through the coming years and ultimately the renewable energy will become a free, or nearly free resource. The necessary infrastructure to support the proposed, intelligent systems, will be expensive and therefore a serious and inventive approach must be applied at the dawn of the hydrogen age. The frameworks designed and conceived must be a reflection of the character of the new times, a clean, innovative and bold attitude. new era of energy transformation is upon us and

the innevitable third industial revolution.

There are many exciting ways to use hydrogen and utilize its extraction methods, transferal and imminent use of electrolysis or a similar form of energy creation. All of these are shown in more detail further into the publication. A key discussion has presented itself with regards to the safety of such an element and its use within standing infrastructures, this can be addressed through numerous points such as the advantages over fossil fuels and gasses due to the way hydrogen can disipate into the atmosphere and simply combine with oxygen to form water. Other key aspects to note are that the storage and pressurising of such tanks are becoming much safer than the common storage of fuel at petrol stations and the entire concept is to simply reach a maximum storage effiiciency to eliminate as many risks as possible.

Hydrogen is

the most abundant element in the universe and on earth never exists as a single element. It is most commonly bonded in water with oxygen

and this does not only aid the near endless source of the core element but also lends itself to the only biproduct of the extraction being water.

A

fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen, ironically the two elements combined in its most common state h2o, to produce elecricity, heat and water.

Fuel

cells are essentially a form of battery which can essentially feed into all aspects of powered technology ranging from cars to factories and

even houses.

Difficulties

lie with the investments and costs in the research and development sectors with known importance lying on the efficiency of

hydrogen extraction and storage that could innevitably produce self sustaining plants that run on hydrogen produced energy to produce more energy than it takes to create.

Most hydrogen production at present is under-taken by the process of steam reforming natural gas. This is highly expensive and not totally sustainable or clean, natural gas. Fossil fuels are depleting as we are aware but the incentive should be more in line with finding a totally renewable, clean and efficient energy source that can feed into all infrastructures ranging from transport to housing and factories, this is Hydrogen.

Hydrogen Tower,

not only researches and develops the necessary transformations of energy pruduction and

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iconic, landmark building, the

utilization, but signifies the beacon for the future.

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This

01 BUILDING CONTEXT

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Here is a diagramatic study of the usage of the site, pre knight-dragon development. It simply explores the functions of Greenwich Peninsula and the dispersed nature of the site when the project was concieved, allowing an insight into the initial design and intent of the masterplan and phase 01 programme and development.

[A]

The O2 Arena

is the core of the site with its entertainment attractions but had resulted in the middle of

the peninsula being car parks and other items to act as a sound barrier between east and west. it is clear

to see the bands, as it could be called, of industrial/unused spaces on the west through to carparks in the centre and then green areas and housing on the east side, both current and in development.

All aspects

of the site were contradictory to their function and many arguments have been formed against such things

as the gentrification and ‘social cleansing’ of the new developments that allowed the uneven distribution to continue.

[B]

[C]

[A]

[B]

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[C]

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1:10,000

BUILDING CONTEXT 01

SITE USAGE This study of the 2015 site usage explores the functionailty of the programmes and their siting with regards to each other and infrastructure such as transport and water services whilst providng a further insight into the initial site chosen for the beacon of the phase

As

01

scheme, the hydrogen research and development tower.

can be seen, the bands of usage still remained visible from the previous diagram

with usage separated and the west side of the peninsula as a key area of industrial heritage, but also a vital area for redevelopment.

The kinght dragon development and With this

other development projects had begun construction in the hatched areas.

in place it was essentially a scheme outlined to work with the future developments of

the site and to use the unused western areas to generate the necessary introduction of the urban masterplan that follows.

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01 BUILDING CONTEXT

LONDON FLOOD UTILIZATION

THE MOVEMENT BEHIND LONDON’S PROGRESSION TOWARDS

A NEW ERA

With

all the predictions and pressing climatic changes soon to approach the capital it provided a blank

canvas with the site as a source of core experimental value.

The

site is central to the flood plains,

proving to be a connector to all of london and a location to contain the beginining of a new methodolgy behind architecture as we know it.

A

system of complex high rise buildings will stand within the new landscape, re-designing the landscape

and providing an energy park with public and private usage.

With technologies integrated through the most economical, social and aesthetic means possible, greenwich peninsula will become the research and physical progression behind londons movement towards a new

era, working alongside nature and using nature to its fullest whilst renewing all resources used and fundamentally instigating the movement to a hydrogen economy.

There is a heterogeonous problem in terms of designing the physical elements and establishing the shape in order to build high rise buildings. It is imperative to have the archtecture that gives inspiration to users, a utopia, an aesthetic pleasing to all, environmental infrastructure, time and technological competency in order to form an ideal space. The 2100 new energy park and multiple programmed new landscape will provide the links depleted by the flooding and improve on all, creating a systematic approach to ideal standards of living, transport, virtual and reality. It is key to note the progression towards this movement and the initial phase that has been implimented, the research tower on the west side of the existing peninsula.

London Plan showing levels regarding flood plains and threats. Land to be reclaimed by the water by 2100 is of a similar form with barriers becoming obsolete and vast areas of London being under extreme risk of catastrophic flooding resulting in sectors being destroyed and washed away over time. Regeneration will be necessary, however prominent visions of a utopia are developing through the symbitotic living hypothesis. To work with nature rather than opposing it. greenwich peninsula

existing barriers flood defences tidal flood plain

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fluvial flood plain

Above

is a diagram presenting an overview of some key locations showing the extent of the predicted flood path.

barriers to be inadequate. serves as a prominent

The fundamental argument is the necessity to provide protection or adaption to ‘central’ zone within the flood plain and general course of the ‘possible devastation’.

This

flood plain indicated the current flood protection and surge

conform to natures path.

The

chosen site of the

Greenwich Peninsula

The programme will include the relationship of the water and the integration of such a large scale change into society rather than opposing. Facts and figures about the levels the sea will rise for 2100 vary, however one thing is certain that we are not prepared for such an event however far away and future thinking must be radical whilst 100% ecnomical and using the earth’s resource in a non-hazardous method to produce integrated farming, agriculture as a whole, sustainable energy and renewable and indispensable energy sources.

London is one of tens of large cities across the globe that will be forced to adapt or be depleted.

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BUILDING CONTEXT 01

FLOOD CONTROL : SITE INTEGRATION As

is central to the entire 2100 prediction. This The new waves of technology, use of the hydro powered energy sources, sustainable living, integration of new wildlife, new transport layouts and new housing ideas will fall within a utopia at the heart of the new face of London. this close up

Diagram

of the

Central

point of the flood plain and thus the

Thames

shows, the specific site

Greenwich Peninsula

makes the site a prime target for experimental and forward thinking architecture to provide insight into how the future should unfold.

greenwich peninsula

The diagram on the left shows the extent to which the rise of the given sea level will affect transport, eliminating several routes between the North and South of London, thus implying new bridges, underwater passages and elevated routes to be created, expanding the various methods of transport across the capital.

The

proposed landscape of

2100

provides the neccessary increase and replenishment of transport and other

infrastructure systems to eliminate any divide between the north and the south of london.

canary wharf

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greenwich peninsula

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emirates royal docks

01 BUILDING CONTEXT

SITE DEVELOPMENT : KNIGHT DRAGON Presented here are a series of diagrams and images showing the development of Greenwich peninsula

by Knight Dragon. The development includes major new residential, leisure and business districts with approximately 10,000 homes at an estimated gross development value of ÂŁ5 Billion.

C

The

southern quarter of the site had recently started construction when the proposal entry was

developed, along with the north west by the

02 Arena. Numerous

arguments had been made about the

lack of fundamental programmes and the apparent dispersion of housing by cost but most importantly the proposed new

The

2100

landscape is to eradicate this instance of the peninsula and give a lasting form.

development was seen as the base form for the phase

01

design and integration. It looks at the near

future whilt preparing for the long term future and site re modelling.

B

D

E

F

A

G

PROPOSED PHASE 01 LOCATION

A. The

official

Knight Dragon

development plan showing the

dense housing schemes and scattered attactions.

B. A

diagram showing the progression of the planning/

completion starting at the south of the site. as the buildings are rising the other planned areas for development are being demolished and started.

C. Example

-

west elevation.

D. Peninsula Riverside Visualisation.

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visualisation

E. Visualisation

showing landscaped areas.

F. North West of site showing proposed phase 01 scheme.

G. Overall Visual

NTS

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adjacent buildings to the

showing the highly dense

proposed

development to be treated as the base to work from, with

01 scheme and integration of the overall 0f 2100.

regards to the phase urban masterplan

BUILDING CONTEXT 01

SITE DEVELOPMENT : DESIGN STAGE This diagram shows the developments that were being constructed at the time of design on the Peninsula (yellow) and the now current, developments for the peninsula (Blue).

These

large developments are predominently headed by

There

are many isues with the development that has had both good and bad press such

10,000

a large asian

homes.

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as the elimination of car parks and the addition of

Knight Dragon,

1:10,000

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corporate development and investment company.

01 BUILDING CONTEXT

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URBAN PROPOSAL : PROGRAMME PLAN

The

programme diagram of the symbiotic, utopian

2100

landscape exploits the angular, faceted, stealth like nature of the full masterplan of the peninsula area.

The

masterplan

allows flooding in a controlled manner to integrate water and island forms as one. the high tech formation of panels consists of numerous programmed panels that harness, utlize and give back energy.

Transportation,

river access, agricultural engeneering, energy resources and research, sustainable maintenance and the implimentation strategies to

adapt the exisitng and work with london and nature, leading the city into the new era. scheme.

The

The diagram plan explores the many layers to the urban proposal landscape and the overall

functioning spaces and multi disciplined areas are combined with macro and micro schemes and systems to seamlessly create a complete formation of architectural

language and programme.

The

proposal sits on the west of the landscape and will be the first stage of the transfer from present peninsula to future islands.

control and predominently research of hydrogen energy creation, storage and implimentation.

The

The

outlined program is the management,

building, and in turn the landscape, pushes the idea of a hydrogen economy,

creating a unique icon of the london skyline, an attraction that allows the public to see the research, produce energy themselves, and see exhibits and discussions on the current progressions and those to be made.

As Highlighted, there are numerous aspects to the scheme of varying scales such as innovative energy production in algae and Co2 harvesting Floatation devices are seen to scatter across the thames rejuvinating wildlife, collecting pollution and harvesting energy. The infrastructure across transport, access, economical and sustainable disciplines.

through to hydrogen storage in the landscape. scheme provides a much improved

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BUILDING CONTEXT 01

THE VISION

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URBAN PROPOSAL: VISUALISATION [PLAN]

01 BUILDING CONTEXT

SITE OVERLAY & INTEGRATION A study was completed to show the entirety of the proposed masterplan of 2100 with regards to the 2015 ‘then present’ peninsula. It sought to provide key outlined ideas in the nature of the breaking

away from the mainland and implimented inlets and water filled areas that are to fluctuate and morph with tidal changes and the implicated rises of water levels through the thames.

As

can be seen there are vast improvements to road networks through a twisted series of

interconnecting, multi level roads that are elevated above the landscape providing great access to

the north, south, east and west of the peninsula as well as circulatory access to the key buiilding planned areas.

Phase o1, the hydrogen research and development zoning has been positioned to allow

its current incorporation with the night dragon schemes but to also enlarge the width of the river

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on the western side and thus allow a large pier and bay proposal to be implimented.

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BUILDING CONTEXT 01

PHASE 01 APPLICATION A further study was carried out to provide information on the standing of phase one directly with the knight dragon developments, its incorporation of new transport infrastructure, and the introduction of water. This diagram also explores the

necessary surrounding spaces to gain insight into the multiple cross programmed areas and interaction of each with the proposed phase

Primary

and secondary routes have been outlined providing information on how the

main routes have initially connected with phase systems.

01.

The

01

to extend the

2015

transport

cleverly designed systematic design of the transport layout allows

for phasing models to be plugged in and eliminate extended closure or disruption to

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existing infrastructure framework including the blackwall tunnel approach.

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01 BUILDING CONTEXT

SITE AERIAL PERSPECTIVE PHASE 01

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BUILDING CONTEXT 01

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PHASE 01 VISION

01 BUILDING CONTEXT

THE HY-RAD TOWER The

architectural language and form of the

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tower excited and entices whilst providing the beacon of the initial phase of the total peninsula regeneration.

It

is the iconic, symbiotic movement towards london’s

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hydrogen economy.

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Building Delivery

02

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02 BUILDING DELIVERY

“...A COMPLETE RESTRUCTURE OF EXISTING ENERGY IS ESSENTIAL IN A LIBERATING SURGE TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE, SYMBIOTIC WORLD...”

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EDITOR: TOM PHILLIPS

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BUILDING DELIVERY 02

THE CLIENT THE CLIENT The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation The

largest private foundation in the world,

BMGF, seeks to address global concerns and apply business techniques to giving, through its philanthropisism and the underlying motive that ‘philanthropy has no limits’. Known for specialising in healthcare related services and products, they have become widely known as one of the largest, transparently operated foundations in the world. With the trusted associates and increasingly powerful strive for new development and progression, BMGF are in a position that allows great investment and to be the forefront in many movements of change. The company is reinstating its image, revitalising its position within global necessities and therefore breaking ground into the imperitive energy

21st century. The foundation is now heading the first Hydrogen economy Hydrogen research facility and energy park in the former Greenwich peninsula that will host a complete energy park, situated on a new drive of the

research and public facility, the

island formation showcasing the future of technology and heading the first phase to the conversion of

London’s

energy sources.

REPRESENTATIVE Mr Warren Edward Buffett Warren Buffett, a founding trustee of BMGF, is heading the project for the companies investment perspective. A competition was launched for the specific design of the landscape and phase 01 research facility tower to be incorporated into the knight dragon development and was scheduled for completion by 2030. A broad range of

consultants and design specific teams have been employed to tackle the technological aspects, safety and management, research and environmental impact amongst other aspects and all relay information through

The Bill

and

Melinda Foundation.

SPECIFIC FUNDING SECTOR GLOBAL SPECIAL INITIATIVES: large sector of the

BMGF

is the response aspect to catastrophes.

This

is recently adopting energy incentives and pushing the global development

Hydrogen Economy.

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programmes across the world, starting with the major hydrogen research facility to drive the transformation for a

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A

02 BUILDING DELIVERY

THE BRIEF

BRIEF : THE HY-RAD TOWER Relentless

transformation has long been the background to our being, however at present, the very principles of change have been renewed.

We are no longer subject to the progressive momentum of society, but instead are found to be within the convulsion of an extensive systematic demise. Met with numerous pressures for change, this suggests a necessity for significant change, a time to consider and apply radical changes throughout all aspects of society, including architecture with the environmental design that encompasses it.

Environmental cataclysm can be said to have been our explicit, initial warning. A warning that distresses the structures of our planet through forms of pollution, poverty and the depletion of biodiversity across the globe. Many proclaim such changes are unaffordable and implausible, however such statements and negative suggestions imply a lack of understanding for the global predicament we face. We must not prolong the necessary shift towards the ‘Third Industrial Revolution’, which in turn seems a convincing route for an economic revival.

A complete restructure of existing energy production and distribution systems is essential in a liberating surge towards a sustainable, symbiotic world.

This will be achieved through iconic transformations in capitals, with london being the first. The research facility must stand high and proud as a landmark of a new era and be incorporated within an energy park detached from the mainland. Public access and exhibition aspects are fundamental in order to educate.

We

should envisage and strive for an economy powered by an energy that is freely available,

Hydrogen. Technological,

economic and social obstacles

that prevent the realization of the extraction and integration of this energy source in society are being reduced as time progresses, proving the transformation is imminent.

This element, and therefore this project, will necessarily change the very structure of political, social and architectural frameworks. We are surrounded by an abundance of Hydrogen, a renewable, unlimited and exciting energy source embedded within our natural environment and the new era of clean power will gain the ability for vast redistribution within a Hydrogen Economy, where the present day centralised systems of a hierarchical flow of energy, controlled by international oil and gas corporations, will become archaic and void.

This

iconic proposal is to be the instigator of the change and to last as the museum of the change thereafter.

Style,

materiality and infrastructural

impact must be of the upmost quality, appearance and technological advancement, pushing the proposal into the new age of energy and lifestyle.

PROGRAMME SPECIFICS : The

innovative and ‘jaw dropping’ new icon of london holds a number of intricate and vital programs to

provide the necessary research and progression within the hydrogen fuel development areas. It can be

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seen here through the numerous spaces and the itelligently designed layouts that allow public access to several levels whilst providing specific public amenities and beautiful spaces throughout.

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BUILDING DELIVERY 02

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PROGRAMME SPECIFICS

02 BUILDING DELIVERY

FINANCIAL INPUTS

PROCUREMENT

PROCUREMENT STRATEGY : Procurement

is the process of services and goods being purchased, there are many ways in which the

design and construction of a building can be procured. It is vital to the success of the project to follow a strategy that perfectly suits the long term objectives of the proposal and in turn, the business plan outlined by the client.

The primary source of funding is provided by the client, TheBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which places large capital investment across the entire scheme. However due to the scale of the propoal and phase 01 masterplan, plus the multiple specific programmes, an accumulation of investment programmes have been put in place through such means as a ‘private finance initiative’ and a ‘private developer scheme’.

‘Private Finance Initiatives’ are a form of ‘Public Private Partnership’, a preferred procurement route by a ‘governmental construction strategy’. It is key to note how a traditional procurement method should not be

used on a project with this scale as it would separate design and contruction which as discussed before need to work simultaneously to accommodate all programme necessities. with a capital cost of

A

£20

million or more.

PFI

schemes are generally accompanied

key principle of the procurement strategy is to make decisions on the basis of value for money over life,

not simply capital total cost.

Such

a scheme as a

PFI

entails a long term relationship, initiated pre-design,

with a great importance on the client outlining all requirements in detail. meetings that occured with all the involved program consultants.

‘Output-Based Specification’, a document that was very important in the successful development of all areas of the scheme.

place and called for an operation and

This of course comprised of many Quality assurance strategies were put in

It is important to note the completion year estimates

and lifespan of the project are key to address and in this case the present

2030

constructed

Tower

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and landscape will infact become a public museum

of the hydrogen conversion as the full masterplan takes shape, aimed at the year

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2100 for completion.

BUILDING DELIVERY 02

INTERNAL FUNDING

The

Private Finance Initiative. There are multiple, separate agreements within the ‘Integrated Supply Team’ for Funding, Design, Construction and Facilites Management. Within these sectors there are numerous sub contracts with separate agreements held with the client and SPV, a special purpose vehicle. The design and construction contract, between the contractor and special purpose vehicle was adopted, commonly used in a traditional engineering, construction and procurement contract. This entails a fixed price with a practical completion date and usually an outlined defects period.

As

contractual arrangement consists of multiple, complex schemes, especially with the enforcement of a

indicated on the previous page there are a network of investment inputs due to the

programmes, scale of the project and standing within its location and purpose. Inputs were achieved through the common understanding of the projects progressive nature, allowing regeneration schemes and infrastructure improvements.

Such aspects of the project as the research and development facilities were contracted to organisations upon which interior design and specification will be outlined with regulations having been addressed through design and development, pre-construction.

With

regards

to fit outs, these were and would usually be on a leasehold basis, again with separate companies making necessary arrangements for sponsored input and equipment organisation.

The

leases for each laboratory run on an assigned consentual basis due to the fact that

laboratories will consistently need updating, due to technological advancements and conclusive research, and research incentives may change with time.

This diagram Expressed as

indicates

the

level

of

internal

funding

per

space.

a bar chart type system, the colours indicate the initial

funding through servicing, employment, equipment and aspects such as sponsorship.

The

Red

implies the level of client funding, from bmgf.

funding from the client also includes external funding from the

government but be aware these coloured sectors do not indicate the

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involvment with any building construction, simply fit-outs and machinery.

01 BUILDING CONTEXT

TEAM STRUCTURE

In

a typical design team structure the client and architect’s relationship is more prominent with the employed architects as head of design and then

employers of services, structure and sub consultants required for the completion of the proposal, with all referring to the architects.

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when a project manager is assigned for example within a devlopment that is new to the client or indeed a complicated one.

The

This can alter

structure shown here indicates the sheer scale of the project with the numeorous consultants, contractors and engineers involved, each with

roles overlapping and responding directly to other roles and needs.

The diagram explores the relationships between the contractors and the levels of overall input (colour coded). For example through the feasibility aspect there will be several strands including numerous environmental impact asessments, brief outlining and appraisals, programme considerations, and procurement + cost calculations and options. The architects role upon the initial competition winning entry will be to relay information back and forth to the relevant research development teams who will specifiy the requirments of each space.

BMGF

The

elaborated series of steps can be found in the annotative

RIBA

stages diagram further on in this document.

will be the primary source of funding with aid from governmental input, research development charities and trusts. Individual research pro-

grammes will be investing in their own spaces as per fit out arrangements, with the input of larger companies to ‘brand’ areas of the building for sponsored energy investment.

However

the

of allocated costs/contract division.

Bill

and

Melinda Gates Foundation

is the primary source of all funding and therefore creates an easier system

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BUILDING DELIVERY 02

COMPETITION Presented

below is the initial competition brief issued to all entry applicants between mid

2013

and mid

2014. The

breif and competition was

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accompanied by a detail series of documents outlining spacial requirements, in depth programme analysis and environmental aims etc.

02 BUILDING DELIVERY

PLANNING

Due to the scale of the project, numerous planning consultants were involved with meetings pre-feasibility through to construction. Planning permission for a project of this size draws itself towards a public enquiry, most likely regional and commenced in 2014. All areas of the design, programme, implimentation, environmental impact, infrastructural amendments and implimentation, integration of current developments, through to the specific design of the tower and landscape were all addressed through planning. However with the intent and programme of the scheme the planning permission was considered broad, to allow the specific programmes to function at the highest efficiency levels with sustainability and clean construction/utilization at the forefront of the designs.

An

environmental impact assessment was necessary for the planning approval of the programs with regards to design, construction and impact, both

locally and regionally.

This took a considerable amount of time and was constantly amended and updated with the continuous addition of aspects through specific programme factors and inputs as the project developed. The whole scheme works at a controlled pace, across nearly all the contractors, design team, planning bodies and other parties to achieve a consistent approach to all areas. As is commonly used, the client undertook an environmental impact assessment prior to the integrated supply teams being contracted to aid speed of the initial designs and strategies.

The

integrated supply teams had to consider the necessity for an outlined planning application or a detailed planning application. It is possible in this

case an outlined planning application would be made initially with a continous detailed planning application.

Such

information was submitted initially

as ownership certificates, application site details, notices, land declaration, fees, location plans identifying key information, site plan with boundary information and a ‘design and access statement’ describing in detail the principles behind the design and programme incentives.

Upon

agreement and planning approval the contracts for development were released and the appropriate documentation for tenderers and potential

contractors was required.

Planning authorities granted permission with restrctions regarding aspects of the site such as transportation interference and other potential issues. Specific planning obligations under section 106 were appliied in order to mitigate and compensate impacts on current and newly developed areas. This stemmed discussions about the integration of Knight Dragon upon Phase 01 of the Hydrogen Research Facility.

Key

attributing factors were considered in the planning application stemming from the primary programme incentive of clean, renewable energy and

therefore the positive impacts on the environment, economy and global strive for energy transformation.

Other

fundamental positives range from

infrastructural improvements, connecting the peninsular to the north, south, east and west with added tourism and more, however negatives were of course considered and addressed such as the integration of the water front and the demolition of the wharf, removal of land, and the issues these bring.

O2

Further

problems were discussed regarding the urban proposal for

2100

due to the removal of all current developments on the site plus the

and this will proceed with further planning and environmental meetings in preperation for phase

01

completion.

HY-RAD PUBLIC ENQUIRY : The

following list outlines the days completed of public enquiry within

Day 1 - 13th June

- The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Opening Remarks pm - Architectural Design Opening statements am

Day 2 - 14th June

Day 9 - 15th July am pm

am pm

Day 3 - 15th June

- planning - all aspects - global impact/regional development - Landscape integration with Knight Dragon - Knight Drgaon phasing strategy

Day 11 - 19th July

- viability conference pm - energy incentive open discussion am

am pm

Day 4 - 18th June

- Architecture/significance - Architecture/significance

Day 12 - 29th July

- research programs discussion pm - Architectural Design implimentation am

am pm

Day 5 - 24th June

- Sustainability/viability - Sustainability/viability

Day 13 - 2nd August

- environmental standing pm - Architectural response to future environment am

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with external program seminars:

Day 10 - 16th July

- BMGF investment discussion pm - Architectural context discussion am

am pm

Day 6 - 29th June

- Transportation infrastructure - Environmental/economic impact

Day 14 - 9th August

- london authorities input discussion pm - heritage conference am

am pm

Day 7 - 1st July

- Marketing/scheme implimentation - public facilities

Day 15 - 22nd August

- BMGF strategy conference pm - Architectural Design considerations am

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am pm

Day 8 - 8th July

- Heath/safety - construction

Day 16 - 23rd August

- planning - all aspects pm - planning - all aspects am

am pm

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- third party objectors, obligations and conditions - accompanied site visit [not open to public]

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BUILDING DELIVERY 02

RISK MANAGEMENT

DESIGN RISK MANAGEMENT : Regulations and good practise require all design processes, inclusive of contractor work in this project, to have all risks identified and removed, with residual risks isolated and reduced too. This is a fundamental part of the design process and thus with regard to this project an integral part of the contractors’ input and relationship with the design teams across the board.

Risks

throughout the design process were communicated thoroughly and addressed as soon as they arose.

Such

design risk factors as a lack of

communication between the numerous organisations, consultants and contractors was of high importance and resolved before work began through the systematic process of drawing structures, information flow and regular

CDM’s between all project contributors. On a project this large it is required

to have such teams as health and safety departments and explosion engineers which all played a role from the beginning.

Temporary

works had to be addressed and not simply preparation for construction as the coordination of management and work forces was vital to

the success of this project. contractors to consider

Tender documentation was required to include information outlined as a result of the design risk management in order for upon starting tasks and calculating costs. Key risk involved the initial schemes for transportation of goods and materials,

health and safety, timetable management for specific contractors to be on site etc and these were all planned in advance to reduce any residual factors too.

CONSTRUCTION RISK MANAGEMENT : The

risks included in construction are predominently tackled in previous design risk management, coordination and resolution with regards to the

preparation of an on site construction and tender documentation.

Certain

aspects that required in depth preparation were land removal and the

integration of water on to the existing peninsula, working at great heights and setting up the necessary supports, material sourcing as it can take longer than expected and must be deliverred on time by boat or road, the integration of

Knight Dragon with regards to not just the buildability but Further aspects include the transportation adjustments, hydrogen machinery, pier constuction obstructing river paths temporarily, noise polution

working alongside residential areas thus providing limitations on working hours etc. storage and facilitating hazardous gasses and materials combined with and dust/waste removal etc.

Other

general project construction risks ranged from changes in the work, subsurface geological and geotchnical conditions, drawing deliverables

and corrections etc, availability of workers, weather, site access, quantities of work, equipment commissioning costs of tests and samples to damages

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of both property and persons and defective design.

02 BUILDING DELIVERY

HEALTH & SAFETY

RESPONSIBILITIES OF DESIGN TEAM: The

proposal outlined numerous difficult tasks through feasibility, construction and delivery assessment.

Due

to the programme types, construction

methods and high number of different contractors involved on such a project, the health and safety aspects were assessed further than the average project.

Core

designer roles included the elimination of hazards and to reduce any risks possible throughout the design process, provide information

on both resolved and existing risks, coordinate duties with the client and assess the contractor teams set up plus provide documented health and safety reports for the collective.

Typically the following list of construction health and safety risks were adressed intitially by the design team along side contractors, however due to the nature of the project and the quality and performance required, all aspects were set up and instigated by specific teams working directly with the architects to fullfill requirements from an early stage. The teams of contractors were chosen as the best in their proffession and the list of basic health and safety risks addressed included: -The construction work [numerous different methods and expertise were required for each aspect, run by -The ability to be affected by the construction work -Specific material risks -Working in close proximity to hazardous materials -Working alongside large and heavy machinery -Working with new machinery and new construction methods [specific training and testing was required] -Structural integrity of supports for workers, constantly evolving as project is built upwards -Technical risks with services -The contracting parties working alongside eachother [specific regimes not to intefere with others]

different contractors]

RESPONSIBILITIES OF PRINCIPLE CONTRACTORS: Key areas regarding possible health and safety issues were addressed by the principle contractors alongside the client. The roles do not only provide the workers with information in order to carry out the job precisely and accurately but also to avoid any problems including ‘unseen’ health and safety problems, these strategies and tasks included:

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-Planning and managing the construction phasing -Preparing and developing written plans and site rules for various contractors and regimes -Providing contractors with necessary drawings and schedules -Coordinating necessary welfare facilities -Addressing and checking the competence of all appointed contractors and workforce -Site inductions and training of all personell on site -Working at heights - training of workforce -Operating machinery - regular inspection for safety of use and technicalities -Abiding to planning regulations regarding working hours, noise, tranportation and environmental

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issues.

BUILDING DELIVERY 02

RIBA STAGE PLAN OF WORKS

The

following document was outlined at the initial stages to predict the various elements of the projects design and construction through the

guidelines.

RIBA

Each aspect was thoroughly analysed, set out and discussed with the numerous contractors, sub contractors and client in order to achieve

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an effient program of works document that followed.

“...HY-RAD WILL SUPPORT THE NECESSARY CHANGE TO POLITICAL, SOCIAL, AND ARCHITECTURAL FRAMEWORKS...”

EDITOR: TOM PHILLIPS

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03 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

LANDSCAPE STRATEGY

The 2100 Urban Proposal incorporates a vast and iconic landscape, terraformed and facetted across a new system of architecture, cross programmed with energy

park incorporations and enticing and exciting showcases of how environmental and architectural systems will work as one in the future.

The presented building at Hydrogen Research and development tower in 2030 is the intial phase as described previously. It is essential to understand the overview this grand unveiling of the

of the landscapes outlining factors and to note that the first built phase is simply

the initial instigator for the total regeneration project, acting as the building block to the

This

2100

masterplan.

diagram explores the multiple constructed layers of the urban proposal

landscape and overall scheme.

The

functioning spaces and programmable areas

combined with macro and micro schematics create an incredible, complete form.

Implimented

energy production and harvesting techniques are present through

nearly all aspects of the site

a new formation of architectural design combined

with innovative technology and methods to push london into the necessary, correct, sustainable future.

The

program of the constructed tower has been discussed prior to this and it is

key to understand its ‘plug-in’ fashion and the way in which it will combine with numerous buildings and landscape areas to be the heart of the movement for clean energy.

The programmes of the site range from hydro electric power generation,

dwellings and more but it is the construction of this that excited engineers from across the world who are currently showcasing their designs to the client.

The

phase

01

landscape is the first part of the full proposal, leaving fragments

and strands to be built upon. It forms a new language in the midst of the peninsula and evokes the sense of imminent change.

The

layers of primary and secondary

structure harness multi programmed panels that fluctuate with the tide and

act to provide energy resource and a platform for such things as photovoltaic

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research.

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 03

STRUCTURAL STRATEGY

The

structural strategy for the tower consisted of a direct approach to allow full spanning floor plates whilst mimicking an industrial nature at the front of the building and

encompassing the entire rear of the facade with a highly finished, structural facade.

The way in which the building is designed means that the irregular construction method of This was necessary to achieve the most efficient structural integrity throughout the construction process. system that is completed, whilst using basic techniques to ensure a safe, robust and yet innovative structural

building all aspects up at the same time bar the initial core was adopted.

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of the shown elements form together to create one structural

strategy.

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All

03 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

A

strategically appointed steel frame structure was implimented for the core

and floor spans.

The

steel structure system allows for a cost effective,

robust, strong and design flexible application that fully meets the requirements of the spanning strategy.

The

facade, cores and separate external system

frames encompass the beam system and further enhance its structural integrity.

The environmentally friendly, fire resistant and riigorously tested system uses a series of intelligent multi-steel frame systems such as Long span beams, composite beams, cellular beams and stub girders but predominently uses two techniques of floor span, the I-beam system shown above and truss system for larger spans as indicated further into this section.

WHY STEEL? -

TYPICAL FLOOR STRUCTURE: Typical Floor

span exploring the relationship with cores to enhance

structural stability

TYPICAL I-BEAM STUB JOINT: Using I Beams not only permitted the strength and permanence required but also allowed for structural updates to not interfere with the

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larger scheme through the various stages.

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STRONG NON-COMBUSTIBLE NO CHEMICALS ECONOMICAL VERSATILE ELECTRICALLY SAFE SAFE LONG LIFE SPEED OF CONSTRUCTION MAINTENANCE

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 03

PRIMARY STRUCTURE : CORE RELATIONSHIP

The towers sheer size requires a developed strategic and implimented structural design. The positioning of the cores, the sizes, relationship to slab, joints,

facade integration and more have been thoroughly addressed through schematic testing and overcompensation.

As

seen here, the floors connection with the

primary core is strong and robust whilst also connecting to the cargo core and thus improving structural stability.

The adopted systems

have high strength to weight ratios implying its important

role in high rise buildings and specifically a building of this nature with requirements of such large spanning floors with no columns.

Ductility

is key for the services within, allowing large plastic deformation

before any forseen failure proving a reserve strength required in case of a fire.

With

well defined stress levels, elasticity and predictable material

properties, steel is a crucial structural material for this building whilst also mimicking the steel works and industrial heritage of the previous stages of the greenwich peninsula history.

The

two sections shown below indicate the cores relationship to the slab,

the various levels require different spans and therefore different structural support with

1.5metres. It

I-Beam

heights ranging from a mere

450mm

to trusses at over

is key to note the way in which the strutctural strategy was

developed at an early stage and has allowed for a consistent, efficient and design friendly structure at every stage.

WEST SECTION: This

diagram shows the preliminary testing model outcomes of the steel frame

analysis.

HIghlighted

areas indicate weakness points such as the green shaded

aspects and pressure points, and therefore larger support is required.

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SOUTH SECTION:

03 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

TRUSS SYSTEMS

Presented here is the secondary system for the floor span strategy. A composite steel truss system has been put in place where further stability

is

required

for

longer

spanning

(typically on machinery levels due to weight and scale). The sizes of these trusses range from 1000m to 1800mm in height to provide the necessary strength. The cost of distances

fabrication for these systems is greater than the simple beam system, as is the cost of fire

proofing, a necessary and vital part of the construction process thgouhout the building.

The

above details explore the build up of the

system with a metal deck being implimented and layer of insulation, rigid supports and the

concrete slab on top before floor finishes and further insulation are applied.

A

secondary

truss is shown with a curved cube profile which is used in the longer of the mezzanine

cantilever levels, joining to the sides of the

facade creating an open structure area that is intentionally visible to visitors and pushing the industrial heritage further into the building.

TYPICAL LARGE SPANNING STEEL TRUSS SYSTEM This

typical large spanning steel truss system is used on

the larger floor spans and levels with heavy machinery and equipment, sizes range from

1000mm

to

1500mm

heights.

SECONDARY TRUSS SYSTEM

This

secondary truss system is used in mezzanine, cantilevering levels and offers a

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diverse approach to the typical slab system above with thinner, lightweight but strong beams and interchangable parts combined with tought cable systems.

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 03

STEEL STAIR CONSTRUCTION

The core consists of three stair shafts constructed from steel and prefabricated in clip-on elements to reduce construction time and allowed for these aspects to be efficiently built through the unusual and expensive construction method of building up at the same time for every construction area.

The steel frame system works in parallel to the primary cores and spanning systems whilst providing a clean and robust

finish ready for stair and landing build ups to be applied in systematic stages of construction.

The nature of the programmes within the building exaggerated the necessity of safety regulations to be applied with regards to all aspects.

From

hazard trims on stairs to intricate

and industrial water sprinkler systems to complete zoned areas, able to control all service in and out including air,

the strategies use simple but perfectly executed decisions on

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structural approaches and the application within each area.

03 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

FLOOR BUILD UP STRATEGY

TYPICAL I-BEAM FLOOR BUILD UP:

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TYPICAL FLOOR BUILD UP:

The

floor build up dimensions and contents depend on the programme, acoustic treatment needed, insulation required and different span requirements.

The shown level is a simple 925mm build up minus services below. The smaller spanning floor uses simple steel support panels to cover the spanning cross beam structure and includes barrier with vapour control and non specific requirements for floor finishes.

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build up comprising of a a medium insulation

Other levels consist of much deeper build ups that have been organised with numerous consultants and engineers ranging from fit out equipment specialists and research laboratory companies to environmental engineers, explosion technicians and health and safety consultants.

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 03

FACADE STRATEGY

As

seen in this elevation diagram the facade leers over the exposed steel frame cores and other structural elements.

constructed into larger panels on site before being attached at various stages of the plan of works.

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The

construction was made off-site, prefabricated and then

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The facade strategy couples with what has been said previously about the manner in which the construction is carried out. The facade holds up the steel frame support and consists of a similar build up. The facade is made of steel beams and channels holding a double skin facade to enable mechanical and natural ventilation to be utilized where possible. Areas of key importance are the joins to the floors which differ in joints and methods throughout.

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ELEVATION INTEGRATION STRATEGY:

03 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

SLAB TO FACADE DETAILING

The

details shown express the concept behind the robust facade to floor intersection

throughout the facade.

With

a floor build up at this large spanning level of

1925mm

and

the levels of insulation, fire protection, acoustic treatment and with minimal services shown due to the nature of every level requiring different supplies, it is clear to see the required

and intelligent detailing that was needed throughout the buildings design and construction strategies down to specific joint techniques and implimentation.

Floor

finishes differ from

level to level and so does the beam construction height and depth with added levels of insulation on the service voids below. some consisting of a mere

125mm

Concrete

slab thicknesses differ between levels with

depth, ranging to a

300

mm thickness at some levels.

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FURTHER VIEWS OF THE TYPICAL DETAIL

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 03

GRAVITY WELL STRUCTURE

At

3 storey structural, steel and glass This feature of the building allows inmpressive amounts of light into the spacious

the upper public sections of the building there is a

gravity well.

areas and provides a systemized water collection system that ensures the upper levels receive in house treated and distributed water collected through the structure.

As

can be seen the

gravity well consists of numerous protective finishes, a double skin approach to the structure with the triple glazing panels facetted into the smaller steel structure.

Hatches

open at

various points to allow ease of access in the form for maintenance and cleaning with support

750mm.

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railings positioned at every

03 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALITY : EXTERNAL

The

material strategy is simple, high quality with brilliant durability.

The

external facade and

exposed steel must be treated so as to minimilize maintenance and ensure a finish that appears new for the decades to come.

The

exposed front of the facade as stated before is to mimick

the industrial heritage of the site so the material choice was exposed steel, highly treated and finished to reflect ambient light.

Other

materials include membrane facades in the intermediate

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barrier between external and internal at the core boundary.

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 03

MATERIALITY : INTERNAL

The

internal material choices are those that read of the past and the

future in one. laboratories and exhibition spaces are highly finished with the brushed

metals, polished and laquered surfaces and everywhere has

bespoke walls, mouldings and more.

Each

research facility has been fitted

with the best machinery in the world and therefore requires a similar stance

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on the internals surrounding them.

03 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

MATERIAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY The

completed

Phase 01

hydrogen research and development tower utilized its material removal and

sourcing through environmentally friendly and efficiently managed systems.

The land was brought back,

the wharf was in turn removed to reduce the peninsula boundary to create the new waterfront thereby creating the urban proposal. and indeed congestion.

The

land was removed by both boat and trucks to reduce the emissions

The diagram shows the site as it is presently, alongside the knight dragon scheme with primary routes for both infrastructure transport links and material delivery/storage within the peninsula. The allocated locations were leased for the specific use of setting up prefabrication points, material storage, site offices and on the western side the now incorporated marketing suite and vistor centre.

Management

and distribution points were vital to the success of the project with numerous teams

working alongside each other on cross-over aspects over multiple time frames.

Having

increased the

rivers width initially, the new wharf line was used to transport materials, components and machinery

to the site which allowed little delays and minor adjustments to the early stages of the projects

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interference of existing transport links.

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Building Performance

04

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

04 BUILDING PERFORMANCE

OVERALL PERFORMANCE STRATEGY

The

overall performance strategy describes an overview of the many

clear and intelligent decisions and applications made to ensure the most

efficient building possible. It was key to incorporate the utilization of natural resources and use the building to its own design advantages from the beginning.

From

daylight to ventilation and acoustics to fire

protection, all aspects have been exquisitely designed to the highest

standard to ensure the building not only performs as an icon, but looks

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like one too.

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE 04

PROGRAMME & PARTICIPATION

Multiple

research and development teams were involved from the beginning to provide a full understanding of requirements and the diagram shown exploits a simple, split function

process strategy designed at the initial stages of the development of the building.

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The specific programmes of the building incorporate energy production and research whilst providing a public aspect that enables the use of techonolgy, exhibition of technological advancements and prospects, energy creation, and is even set up for energy sales for the proposed 2050 hydrogen economy of london. The tower includes an exhibition exploring the processes behind the research of the energy and indeed the processes crossed with future ideas.

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RESEARCH & PUBLIC INTEGRATION

04 BUILDING PERFORMANCE

CIRCULATION

The cross programmed building uses the circulation of the public and employees to allow glimpses through specific areas and outlined zones for public only or indeed workers only.

A key motive from the start was to promote the technology through the exploitation of findings, research and foreseen development. Such levels are zoned for the public as the lecture hall and the gallery exhibition spaces. Other areas such as the hydrogen storage facility require trained professionals only and due to health and safety regulations see the levels as a restricted area.

Access

to the building can be made in two ways, river access and elevated transport links.

The

river entrance grants access to a confined and secure area of the landscapes

hydrogen storage levels, providing visitors with an insight into the underground procedures in a safe and monitored environment.

The

elevated access provides a direct link to the

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landscapes upper region and a footpath to the reception entrance within the form expressing large spaces and voids that are to enhance the stature of the uilding upon entering.

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE 04

VENTILATION

The

ventilation strategy is to maximize efficiency throughout each programmed area whilst providing a suitable and efficiently eco-friendly overall strategy that utilizes natural

and mechanical ventilation. people and tasks. or monitored and

Each level has its own programmed function and thus provokes different ventilation strategies dependent on the outlined requirements of machinery, Specific areas such as the hydrogen research and development laboratories have complete, controlled and sealed zones. This allows ventilation to be turned off adapted directly to the needs of the space whether it be for a function or in the case of an emergency or fire.

As seen below a series of naturally ventilated areas are applied to ensure through simple, cost effective and eco friendly methods that spaces use necessary clean and controlled air flows. The position of spaces is based around numerous aspects with ventilation at the forefront, allowing public spaces at the top of the building to utilze natural heating from the sun and cooling from the front of the buiilding, using mechanical and natural vents on the thermal barrier lining the cores. Wind induced ventilation is utilized where possible as shown below with every level able to open controlled vents on the east of the building and use the wind paths of the peninsula, whilst accomodating mechanically pumped means to moderate such changes and aid the sealed off zones for efficiency. The ventilation strategy is similar to the overall performance strategy in that it strives for sustainability and to be as efficient and ecofriendly as possible, using natural resources coupled with innovative technolgies.

The

tower stands tall and proud on the open peninsula, using its iconic stance

to its own benefit, providing as many impressive and innovative methods for a consistent and efficient approach to not just ventilation but all other aspects.

The

ventilation strategy shows the incorporation of natural sunlight and natural

air flows.

Numerous

effective technologies have been put in place such as heat

recovery systems and natural water collection that all aid in the heating and cooling of all areas.

Stacked ventilation, wind induced ventilation and many mechanical ventilation systems

have been installed to allow a fully controllable building through intelligent

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technology that treats spaces as individual zones, but also the entire bilding.

04 BUILDING PERFORMANCE

ENERGY : PRODUCTION / STORAGE / USAGE

The purpose of the HY-RAD Tower is to research and develop hydrogen energy production and storage with public access as a key aspect. The building’s entire range of programmes and strategies, whether it be the hydrogen research itself or the electrical layout, were required to be of a similar nature to the goals and ambitions of the form. The many areas of the building dictate different needs, services, programmes and access making it difficult to apply simple universal strategies as a whole, this has stemmed to the development and incorporation of large scale, efficient and eco friendly schemes aimed to provide the required levels of intricacy across all strategies whilst creating a building that is as efficient as possible in all areas. Energy is the iconic forward thinking aspect of the project and of course brings with it numerous issues, but also many brilliant benifits.

Hydrogen

is to be developed in its capability and use within an economy whilst the building uses

advanced variations of existing energy consumptoion methods.

The

many layers of strategic

advancements work across each other with high importance on the use of innovative technologies, cross programmed with natural schemes such as aspects of lighting, ventilation and heating.

Closed

off areas, zoned and sealed, allow for energy to be maintained and efficiently used

throughout the building, allowing specific services to be shut off when workers are not present or functions are not being run, but also in the event of an accident or fire. usage and processes within areas, the building is unlikely to be one of

Due to the industrial Net-Zero-Energy, when

a building provides as much energy as it uses, however it will be close due to the photovoltaic landscape and array of other innovative technologies being advanced and utilized such as the

algae baths and floatation devices creating gasses that are easily used in electricity production in-house.

Double

skin facades, a glass gravity well, creative and innovative material choices and more,

allow the building’s sustainability to be realised when combined with ventilation, services and usage.

A

diagram on the following page explains the energy consumption grade given in the

projects design and construction phases, proving more or less fundamental services and space

protections are required to gain energy, save energy and provide energy to these spaces and therefore the entire building.

Energy

in the form of unused hydrogen will be stored in the landscape, manmade, below and

surrounding the form, the first phase of the peninsula regeneration to an iconic terraformed energy park.

The

diagram below shows the levels of production paths involved with hydrogen

and the interconnection between all.

The focus on the buildings energy driven incentives are to

develop key processes and production methods combined with extraction methods to push london

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into the ever needed hydrogen economy and third industrial revolution.

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ENERGY : PRODUCTION / STORAGE / USAGE

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ENERGY CONSUMPTION GRADING

04 BUILDING PERFORMANCE

WATER UTILIZATION

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GRAVITY WELL COLLECTION SYSTEM

The

steel and glass gravity well structure not only acts as a natural light source to the

3

storey exhibition spaces but also a water collection device that funnels water to a

filtration and distribution level to allow a push towards a symbiotic, efficient and natural resource utilizing building. to aid the efficiency in any way possible. creating a breath taking space for

Bringing water down public engagament.

Many schemes such as this have been instigated and implimented

the building uses less energy than pumping it up and the gravity well cone then exagerates the narrative as well as

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE 04

SOLAR ANALYSIS

SUMMARY

From to

the initial design stages through

the

installation

of

equipment

in

the final fit out and testing periods post-construction,

the

inclusion

of

passive solar design features, spatial arrangement,

curtain

walling,

building

and programme orientation have been a

large contributing factor to the design and construction processes.

With energy

efficiency as a prominent goal the building has been designed in a way that enables

specific programmes to utilizes natural

sunlight and warmth whilst also blocking it from other areas through permanent or mechanically controlled systems.

The comfort of the building for the public and workers has been a key attribute maintain.

to

Using

the

performance

strategies discussed, combined with the

solar positioning and utilization of all natural

resources,

the

hy-rad

tower

sets an example for the future on a symbiotic relationship and efficienct form.

Further

daylight

strategies

enhance

these factors and are presented on the following pages.

Specific

external

programmes

utilize

these aspects of orientation to their advantage such as the suspended algae

baths on the west of the tower allowing a

prolongued

during the day.

The

period

of

direct

light

bottom three images show the use of

shading on the north side allowing the

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most important machinery and services to

04 BUILDING PERFORMANCE

DAYLIGHT STRATEGY

OVERALL STRATEGY Throughout

the building, daylight has been used to efficiently deliver light to public spaces and areas of research.

possible can be reached throughout. inspiiring, naturally lit space.

Areas

Specific

Through

mechanical and natural lighting a maximum efficiency

such as the grand exhibition space on the upper levels include a large glass and steel gravity well, incorporating natural light into the

programmes require daylight for testing purposes and therefore have been orientated and positioned with this in mind.

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The algae baths on the west face, petrude over the landscape and contain natural light reacting algae baths that positioned where they are, utilize the natural sun path whilst keeping in sync with the overall nature of the design. As this diagram shows, there are minimal spaces with complete natural light removal such as the research and development areas of the algae due to this programme requiring complete control over the testing externally. Other zones predominently use a combination of natural and mechanical lighting through automated blinds and large curtain wall sections. Double skin facades allow further control over the heat utilized from the daylight and all levels have individual zoned controls, automatically working to maintain the maximum efficiency possible.

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE 04

DAYLIGHT STRATEGY

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PRELIMINARY VISUALISATION

04 BUILDING PERFORMANCE

ACOUSTIC STRATEGY OVERALL STRATEGY The

projects acoustic strategy revolves around the programmes, functions, equipment and method of travel through the building.

High

importance

has been placed on the intra-space noise control, the method in which sound is prevented from travelling out of the building and therefore effecting local inhabitants of the peninsula.

Mechanical equipment noise, interior space acoustics, inter space noise control, the building skin envelope, the transmission of sound, material es, regulations and more have played large roles in the consistent approach to achieving an efficient and as quiet proposal as possible.

The

diagram below indicates an overview of the zoning and necessary noise barriers that had to be addressed to harness the outlined initiatives.

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further developed diagram exploring the internal spaces more thoroughly is shown on the following page.

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choic-

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A

BUILDING PERFORMANCE 04

ACOUSTIC STRATEGY SPECIFICS Due

to the scale and multiple programmes of the building, numerous acoustic engineers have aided the design and placement of specific programs

and functional spaces.

The

hierachical scheme adopts these theories where the heavily treated areas are based centrally with medium, intermediate

acoustically treated spaces buffering each zone between the large, open public space.

Such

concepts have been intricately designed and tested to

provide the building skin envelope with a robustly treated build up preventing noise travelling out and up the building through the facade.

Machinery

and bespoke programme specifications have been considered thoroughly to allow a space to be as quiet as possible for both public and the

works to carry out their development and research. Interior space acoustics are vital in a project like this with multiple areas of exposure and loud programme necessities.

All things have been treated as efficiently as possible using the most innovative and eco friendly materials and methods. As seen Core sound travel, facade leakage and vibrations have been the users a pleasant and controlled environment to be within.

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addressed to enable

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below the areas of high acoustic concern are outlined and addressed as a high proprity.

04 BUILDING PERFORMANCE

SERVICE STRATEGY

OVERALL STRATEGY The overall service strategy with regards to MEP and the like, is for a building that promotes efficiency and sustainability. The buildings power usage is very high but it does so in a way that is utilizing renewable sources and cleanly doing so. Being the forefront of the environmental changes required in our societies, the building is adapted to maximize efficiency through various means stemming from the utilization of natural and mechanical ventilation and heating, water collection from the roof and a series of photovoltaic panels covering major sections of the south facing facades.

As

the technology and real time use of hydrogen increases, the developed research will stem through to the practicalities of the building, enabling

the form to use hydrogen power to fuel the necessities. including the already confirmed algae utilization and

A

full

was

building

created

as

MEP a

This was the initial service scheme and provides sustainability through various energy sources extraction in order to convert into electricity.

model

schematic

approach to allow the individual programmes to adapt the routes

and function of specific services due to the nature of each space being a

‘fit-out’. This

was all

completed in the design stage

whilst working closely with the many consultants and engineers.

The

key service strategy is to

provide the utmost efficiency whilst

delivering

everything

required for the programmes

to work at maximum efficiency and safety.

Each level prepares

the services for the next with most services travelling up the

external walls of the core to

add to the already industrial approach of the west facing

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elements.

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE 04

SERVICE STRATEGY

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DESCRIPTIVE AXONOMETRIC

04 BUILDING PERFORMANCE

SERVICE STRATEGY

PUBLIC LEVEL SERVICE SCHEMATIC It

is important to show a typical schematic service plan for a public area.

Whilst

it may seem complicated and somewhat similar to the private area shown on the following page, it

is very different in many ways. It is essential to point out this is a multi programmed space with both public and private access and use. purely public spaces but it is worth exploring the ideas behind the cross programme and user friendly zones. level.

The

Here,

The

A simple service plan could be shown for the

level shown below is a public integration and hydrogen incentive

people can see how the hydrogen can be stored in small canisters and distributed to the public sectors through breif discussions and q+a’s.

nature of this service plan is for adaptation from the in house company to meet their specific requirements, however with three levels, main, mezzanine and upper mezzanine, it

is important to explain that the services are suspended and running at multiple levels as to not cross specific boundaries and height restrictions. on the left and are far from the core as to allow a distance of void in case of a fire or emergency. and this is not a completely zoned off area as with some of the other levels.

Acoustics

Services

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The

gas methods are positioned

services such as water, power and hydrogen are controlled externally

run up the core and feed through the ceiling and the level below as the strategy dictates

are of great importance within this space as the lecture hall is positioned directly above.

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to prepare the level above using the level below.

All

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE 04

SERVICE STRATEGY

PRIVATE LEVEL SERVICE SCHEMATIC It is important to show a typical schematic service plan for a worker only area. The level shown below is a hydrogen storage level requiring tanks at high pressure to be maintained, monitored and used through complicated and intelligent systems put in place to deliver the most efficient way of storage. Due to the gaseous nature of hydrogen amongst the high tech services needed to maintain and deliver the prgram functions, an intricate level of pipes and ducts are required with close off valves allowing the level to be completely contained when required. the storage facilities are positioned at the back of the building to be as far from the central core and public access areas as possible. whilst some services may appear similar to those of a public level, it is key to note the type of materials travelling through such points.

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As well as water, electricity and waste, hydrogen, oxygen and filtered air are fully controlled in this zoned level. Separate ventilation systems are in place to adapt to the specific needs of the lab/development facility when required 24 hours a day. all services are travelling at multiple levels as to reduce risk and increase efficiency. numerous stoppage points are considered and this is a schemtaic overview in place for alteration by the specific laboratory company to adapt to their required specifications.

04 BUILDING PERFORMANCE

FIRE STRATEGY

OVERALL STRATEGY The building has adapted and adopted numerous ‘typical’ fire strategies due to the nature of the programmes crossed with the public aspects. The building provides a 4 way core with two primary stair wells and a lift core with the addition of a servicing stair core on the rear. This trategy of construc-

tion allows a simple and effective fire strategy that uses the buildings internal spanning style of floor plates to enhance the direct routes to an exit for public and worker safety.

An

array of intelligent, state of the art advanced communication systems are in place that work on two levels, across

the entire building but also through the individual levels providing the necessary protections per programme and level. the two highest types of fire protection required per level. predominently and these areas include public interaction.

The

importance of fire protection is required due to the hazardous materials being research,

These areas are worker

only areas and provide the other levels with the necessary materials post testing. levels have higher fire ratings and a

Such complete,

zoned off and controlled ventilation system

allowing the areas to be sealed in the event of a fire.

The

systems in place over these levels

are hghly intuitive and incorporate the thermal barrier, indicated in blue as to provide the

same protection and stop possible fires from spreading.

Specific

design guides have been used such as

approved ‘document

B’ and NFPA 101, however

these are restrictive thus extending the fire safety engineering aspects of the project.

Areas such as smoke extraction and supression methods

are

legislation.

necessary

Safety

to

overcome

the

and efficiency are the key

motives behind the strategies implimented that work in harmony throughout the building.

Numerous through

departments

engineers,

and

consultants

environmental

and

fire

specialists have been used to ascertain the most

efficient

strategies

with

the

highest

quality prevention techniques and systems in place.

A

typical fire strategy plan is shown

on the following page allowing an insight into how the evacuation schematic works along side

the positioning of hazardous materials whilst

allowing both public and workers to be within the space safely.

A

list of implimented fire engineering

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schemes are as follows:

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is a dagram exploring

orange indicates a medium priority where some flammable substances are used but not

The red zoned areas indicate where the highest developed and stored.

Below

-Fire suppression systems -Radiation analysis -Structural fire engineering -Evacuation modelling -Smoke modelling -Explosion prevention -Sprinkler systems -Fire alarm systems -Pressurisation system design -Overall macro/micro strategies

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE 04

FIRE STRATEGY

PUBLIC LEVEL SERVICE SCHEMATIC Throughout

the 130m tall tower there are numerous aspects that involve and entice the public, such areas even accomodate the general public to create their own energy. This level accomodates this function whilst providing the pedestrians with an open observation behind the processes and incentives.

Due

to the programme being used by both workers and public personnel the fire strategy dictates the necessary safety requirements first outlined in the early design stages. There of course must be good escape routes with multiple core access and the positioning of the equipment and services is of high importance to accomodate such intentions.

All

the materials of the building are chosen and constructed to last the maximum fire rating possible for the programmes within. The facade build up with the steel structural design and servicing layouts allow all levels to be zoned off to contain any fires or explosions in the event of an accident.

Once all people are securely evacuated

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the levels fire strategy mechanisms will take over and impliment a total room/ level shut down. This will close all air supplies entering or exiting as to contain a fire and in this case the sprinkler systems would be intiated automatically with fire prevention schemes occuring throughout the building. Services have been overlayed on this typical fire plan to aid the understanding of the layout designs.

04 BUILDING PERFORMANCE

“...OBSTACLES ARE BEING REDUCED AS TIME PROGRESSES, PROVING THE TRANSITION IS IMMINENT...”

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EDITOR: TOM PHILLIPS

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Appendices

05

APPENDICES

05 APPENDICES

APPENDIX - 01

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WEST ELEVATION

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APPENDIX - 02

APPENDICES 05

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PLANS

05 APPENDICES

APPENDIX - 03

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PLANS

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APPENDIX - 04

APPENDICES 05

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PLANS

05 APPENDICES

APPENDIX - 05

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PLANS

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APPENDIX - 06

APPENDICES 05

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PLANS

05 APPENDICES

APPENDIX - 07

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PLANS

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APPENDIX - 08

APPENDICES 05

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PLANS

05 APPENDICES

APPENDIX - 09

LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION

The triangulated, forward thinking and innovative landscape consist of panels that are programmed individually to research energy, create energy and store energy. As seen in this study there are a number of Photovoltaic cell panels, a method in which solar energy can be transferred into direct electricity current. These will store the energy within them and distribute it across the energy parks required locations.

Within

the landscape, at designated areas, are hydrogen storage facilites in which tanks are stored safely and distributed to necessary locations.

landscape panels will become testing ground for innovative means of research and development, building the landscape of the

LAYERED PERSPECTIVE

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PLAN DETAIL

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2100

As

technology progresses,

urban proposal energy park.

APPENDIX - 10

APPENDICES 05

PEDESTRIAN SITE STUDIES 2015 diagramatic study was completed to show the footfall, speed, direction and viewpoints by constructing

The 3dimensional

2dimensional

drawings as seen here in triangulated forms.

conversion was constructed through the diagrams to give an idea of the spaces created that later feed into the project.

the diversity of the site and almost prove the confusion of routes and jumbled programmes. intersections varying across programmes.

the information shows pedestrians travelling across a small area, over a short period of time

DIAGRAMS A-D WERE FORMED BETWEEN 1:30PM AND 2:00PM. W/D DIAGRAMS E-H WERE FORMED BETWEEN 6:00PM AND 7:00PM. W/D DIAGRAMS I-L WERE FORMED BETWEEN 7:30PM AND 8:00PM. W/D

diagrams purposes are to indicate

[120

seconds].

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

[E]

[F]

[G]

[H]

[I]

[J]

[K]

[L]

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DIAGRAMATIC STUDIES

The

the locations were chosen based on key focal points of the site, key routes and

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A

05 APPENDICES

APPENDIX - 11

PRIMARY STRUCTURE PRECEDENTS the leadenhall building

OVERALL STRATEGY

the empire state building the leadenhall building

the leadenhall building

lovells wharf

8 gas works

-

greenwich peninsula 1920

gas works

-

greenwich peninsula

chifley

pompidou

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pompidou

The primary structure consists of a predominent steel frame system, echoing the sites history whilst juxtaposed against highly finished, high quality materials and technology. The precedents chosen add emphasis to the structural intentions and overall style of the west [front] of the proposal. The Leadenhall Building by Rogers shows great external and internal Steel work, exposed, adding rigidity to the already solid looking form. The style of the structures use, combined with the structural ambition, is similar to the H2 research centre and sets the pace for the lasting iteration of the industrialised site, the Greenwich Peninsula.

The relatively simple structure of the Empire State building is shown to exaggerate the use of the steel frame system and the appearance of the ‘finished product’ opposed to a pre-concrete form. The contrast between old and new is of great importance but to depict both styles as high tech and innovative, hence adapting typical methods to create a form where the articulated parametric landscape forms around the industrial structure at the front allowing stability for the spanning floor plates.

Rogers’ Pompidou Centre further exagerates the metalic, exoskeletal idea with the renowned move of exposed services. The services are exposed/enclosed in the proposal allowing specific elements to be naturally cooled/heated. 8 Chifley, Sydney, is a competition winning entry from Rogers again. This gives added emphasis to the stability of the appearance with solid grounding and large, heavy structural features implying permanence.

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APPENDIX - 12

APPENDICES 05

BUILDING PRECEDENTS

Lloyds, London - Richard Rogers

CONCEPT

Gesterbine Skyscraper, Poland - Mode Lina

Oasis Tower, Zabeel Park UAE - Rahul Surin

CONCEPT

CONCEPT

The

above images are of buildings from which the initial design team were influenced.

in the development of the form. from the start.

Other

forms such as the

Such

conceptual forms as the

Llyods Building

and

HSBC

Gesterine

HSBC Headquarters, Shanghai - Foster & Partners

Whether the influence is programme or form, fluid or angular, these buildings all play a part Penang global city centre allow a glimpse into the high tech, sophisticated intentions

skyscraper and the

headquarters show the obvious strive for exposed services and steel structural frames.

These

buildings show the initial

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Penang Global City Centre, Malaysia - Asymptote

past meets the future, with the present contained within.

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intentions and early design development of the western side in the aspect of mimicking the industrial past of the site and transforming it into a section of the building where the

05 APPENDICES

APPENDIX - 13

BUILDING PRECEDENTS

The below precedents lend themselves to the landscape integration and program specific aspects. From conceptual projects such as the Geodesics Skyscrape to the currently built Dubai Vertical Village, these projects aided the production of landscape alternatives whilst accomodating programmes.

The Darwin Centre was used for internal benefit solutions ranging from laboratory and research set up within legal acknowledgement, whilst the conceptual Suspended City in rio allowed the early development of fluorescent algae tubes to run as veins along the building and light up the iconic HY-RAD tower of london.

Dubai Vertical Village, Dubai - Graft

Geodesics Skyscraper, Armenia - Vahan Misakyan

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CONCEPT

Darwin Centre, London - C F Moller Architects

Suspended City, Rio De Janeiro - Calihan & Johnson CONCEPT

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REFERENCES

REFERENCE IMAGES ANY PAGES LISTED CAN BE ASSUMED TO BE THE AUTHORS OWN CONTENT.

01 - BUILDING CONTEXT Knight Dragon development images: A. http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?p=120668620 B. http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=632984&page=27 C. http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k76337&pageid=icb.page406289&pageContentId=icb.pagecontent859078&view=view.do&viewParam_directory=/ Greenwich%20Peninsula D. http://i.imgur.com/xL4roHP.jpg E. http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k76337&pageid=icb.page406289&pageContentId=icb.pagecontent859078&view=view.do&viewParam_directory=/ Greenwich%20Peninsula F. http://i.imgur.com/iYe7n94.jpg G. http://www.standard.co.uk/incoming/article9227601.ece/alternates/w620/38DUBAITHAMES014A.jpg Hydrogen introduction: http://conserve-energy-future.com/Images/HydrogenEnergyAdvantages.jpg http://www.researchandinnovation.ie/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/hydrogen.jpg https://www.highpowermedia.com/blog/3720/hydrogen http://www.ecofriend.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/wind_power_storage_as_hydrogen_may_help_renewable_energy_xxb4s.jpg

02 - BUILDING DELIVERY Client and brief: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation#mediaviewer/File:Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_visitor_center.JPG http://blogs-images.forbes.com/mfonobongnsehe/files/2012/07/Bill-and-Melinda-Gates-Foundation1.png http://www.grain.org/media/BAhbBlsHOgZmSSI8MjAxNC8xMS8wMi8xNF8wNl8xMF83NDRfR3JhcGhfMV9hZ19ncmFudHNfYnlfcmVnaW9uLmpwZwY6BkVU http://npc.mlanet.org/mla12/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Gates_sign.jpg http://cdnbakmi.kaltura.com/p/1679921/sp/167992100/thumbnail/entry_id/0_ck5pnyti/version/100002/acv/182/height/480 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Bill_og_Melinda_Gates_2009-06-03_(bilde_01).JPG http://img.timeinc.net/time/photoessays/2010/gates_foundation/gates_foundation_01.jpg http :// www . google . co . uk / imgres ? imgurl = http :// www . gatesfoundation . org /~/ media /GFO/H ome /C arousel /POLIO_O ral V accine N igeria _1000 x 380_ revised . j p g %253F h %253D380%2526 l a %253D e n %2526 w %253D1000& i m g r e f u r l = h t t p :// www . g a t e s f o u n d a t i o n . o r g /& h =380& w =1000& t b n i d =N3F m M q j WMR_ JiM:&zoom=1&docid=CAv9WRZ11sw06M&ei=l9v9VKyDNInwUq7ag7AP&tbm=isch&ved=0CDMQMygTMBM http://washingtoncommittee.com/files/P1010392.jpeg http://m.interiordesign.net/media/easy_thumbnails/photos/thumbs_33360-entryway-gates-foundation-olson-kundig-architects-0314.jpg.600x0_q100.jpg Health and safety: http://www.ianpoulterarchitecture.co.uk/images/health_and_safety1.jpg http://www.th-training.co.uk/images/header1.jpg http://www.bartlettsigns.co.uk/Storage/Pics/239/1-1.jpg http://www.rospa.com/occupationalsafety/images/construction.jpg http://www.constructionweekonline.com/pictures/scaffold.gif http://www.battyfrance.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/cdm-coorindator.jpg http://www.constructionsupport.co.uk/guide/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/site-manager-health-and-safety2.jpg

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Building and structure precedents: Stackable Solar Skyscraper – Mexico City: http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2010/09/27/solar-powered-towers-13-super-sunny-skyscrapers/ Lloyds building – my own photo (London) Oasis tower for Zabeel Park by Rahul Surin: http://fancycribs.com/22115-15-amazing-skyscrapers-based-on-sustainable-design.html Gesterbine skyscraper by firm mode lina architektura and consulting (Poland) http://fancycribs.com/22115-15-amazing-skyscrapers-based-on-sustainable-design.html Suspended city by coolie calihan and Charles Johnson (rio de janeiro) http://fancycribs.com/22115-15-amazing-skyscrapers-based-on-sustainable-design.html Structural Geodesics skyscraper – Armenia, by vahan misakyan http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2010/09/27/solar-powered-towers-13-super-sunny-skyscrapers/ Dubai vertical village, dubai, by graft ltd http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2010/09/27/solar-powered-towers-13-super-sunny-skyscrapers/ Penang global city centre, Malaysia – asymptote design. http://jangofunnypics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/stunning-and-amazing-buildings-of-world.html Darwin centre, London, c f moller architects http://nhm.ac.uk/visit-us/history-architecture/architecture-darwin-centre/index.html hsbc headquarters shanghai – fosters and partners http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC_Building_(Hong_Kong)

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05 - APPENDICES

05 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PRESENTED HERE IS A LIST OF SOURCES INDIRECTLY USED THROUGH THE PRODUCTION OF THIS DOCUMENT.

http://greenwichpeninsulawildlifeheritage.co.uk/greenwich-history-maps/

http://www.ideal-homes.org.uk/greenwich/assets/galleries/greenwich-peninsula/telegraph-cable-1857 http://www.designcurial.com/news/inclined-to-agree-4463095 http://tomwiscombe.com/project_30.html

http://fc01.deviantart.net/fs71/f/2013/190/d/7/d713e0c76bdc00818fb27c888b02a21f-d685iw2.jpg http://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/info/200064/local_history_and_heritage/148/greenwich_peninsula http://www.evermotion.org/modelshop/show_product/archmodels-vol-71/3079/0/0/0 http://www.evermotion.org/modelshop/show_product/archmodels-vol-71/3079/0/0/0 http://www.wbdg.org/resources/env_seismicsafety.php?r=envelope http://architecture.yale.edu/people/cristian-alexandru-oncescu

http://www.turbosquid.com/3d-models/derelict-floor-building-games-3d-model/467659

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Building_design_using_steel_%E2%80%93_a_summary_for_architects http://www.steelconstruction.info/Modelling_and_analysis http://www.nyacad.com/SolidStructuralNewFeatures.htm

http://www.3d-cad-steelwork.com/tekla_model_screenshots_3.htm

http://blog.gjames.com/2013/02/14/uts-broadway-visual-mockup-prototype-testing/

http://www.justinteriorideas.com/new-museum39s-kinetic-muscle-mass-like-facade-react-to-seasonal-weather-patterns-evolo.html http://www.pct.ae/composites_projects.php?project=18

http://inhabitat.com/european-investment-bank-wins-international-green-architecture-award/

http://www.detail-online.com/daily/living-on-faith-faceted-tower-mexico-city-by-rojkind-arquitectos-8394/ http://www.firstclassbp.com/Web_FirstClassbp/Products/building_materials/grg/grg.htm http://www.pct.ae/composites_projects.php?project=27 http://www.ignant.de/2013/07/12/palaeon/

http://architecture.yale.edu/gallery/2024-boston-olympic-village-2

http://www.architecture.com/files/ribaprofessionalservices/practice/ribaplanofwork2013overview.pdf

http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/the-new-riba-plan-of-work-what-you-need-to-know/8639347.article http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/pictures/636xAny/3/9/4/1312394_PoW-Graphic.jpg http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Risk_in_building_design_and_construction

http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Health_and_safety_for_building_design_and_construction http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Procurement_route http://www.ac-ca.org/en/project09

http://www.deathbyarchitecture.com/viewCompetition.html?id=3042

http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100503135839/http://www.ogc.gov.uk/documents/CP0066AEGuide6.pdf http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Private_developer_scheme

http://www.renewableenergymagazine.com/article/a-first-as-hydrogenhybrid-power-station-commissioned

http://www.dailykos.com/story/2011/04/24/969724/-Recent-DOE-Break-Through-with-Hydrogen-Fuel-Cells-should-make-them-Affordable# http://www.fuelcelltoday.com/analysis/analyst-views/2011/11-09-14-hydrogen-in-centralised-power-generation http://www.windupbattery.com/wind/hydrogen-hybrid-prenzlau.htm

http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/consumer/hydrogen/basics/production.htm

http://openbuildings.com/buildings/skyscraper-in-singapore-profile-41150

http://www.breathingbuildings.com/news/natural-ventilation-news/naturally-ventilated-skyscraper-claims-global-award http://www.bdcnetwork.com/mastering-natural-ventilation-5-crucial-lessons-design-experts

http://archugotecture.weebly.com/perspectives/setting-an-example-to-follow-one-bligh-street http://www.sunearthtools.com/dp/tools/pos_sun.php

http://suncalc.net/#/51.4973,0.0004,19/2015.03.19/09:50 http://www.wbdg.org/references/cs_fcsb1202.php http://inhabitat.com/building-information-modeling/

http://www.skysaverusa.com/evacuate-high-rise-fire/

http://www.ifcgroup.com/fire-engineering/fire-suppression-systems.html http://www.herskhazeen.com/manhattan-broken-case http://www.vkjain.org/service4.php

http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2012/09/15/ahmedabad-hotel-in-gujarat-india-by-studio-symbiosis/ http://du.gensler.com/vol4/pnc/#/energy-responder

http://www.rpginc.com/docs%5CTechnology%5CPresentations%5CInnovative%20Integration%20of%20Acoustics%20Into%20Modern%20Architecture.pdf http://sensingarchitecture.com/649/7-design-tips-for-best-architectural-acoustics/

http://sensingarchitecture.com/1403/architectural-acoustics-a-simulation-tool-video/

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http://www.lwf.co.uk/documents/Arc%2024.pdf

http://www.lwf.co.uk/bulletin/arc24-fire-strategy-in-buildings-what-is-its-purpose/

http://www.wealddown.co.uk/explore/buildings/further-reading/gridshells-construction-process/ http://www.aaron-grey.com/category/portfolio

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...THE ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF TODAY SEEMS DISCOURAGED AT THE PROSPECT OF SIGNIFICANT AND INVENTIVE CHANGE. IT IS THE ROLE OF AN ARCHITECT TO INSTIGATE RADICAL IDEAS UPON SOCIAL FRAMEWORKS, OF WHICH THE FUTURE IS A PROGRESSION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY. HYDROGEN WILL POWER THE NEW INFRASTRUCTURES SET TO ENSURE SELF-SUFFICIENT SOCIETIES AND CONSEQUENTLY ARCHITECTURE. PERHAPS, AS HUMANITY, IT IS OUR RELENTLESS HABIT OF EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION OPPOSED TO THE EMISSIONS OF FOSSIL FUELS THAT HAVE LED US TO THIS POINT, HOWEVER DRASTIC, CHANGE IS PENDING, REGARDLESS OF THE CAUSE...

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