Chapter 5
The Trapeze broke my wrist when was seven. It was easy. The work of a moment.
One second I was running, the next I was lying on the ground nursing a broken wrist. My parents did all the usual things. They took me to hospital and my arm was put in a cast. was warned not to get it wet and all my friends signed it when I went back to school.
After six weeks and a couple of follow-up hospital appointments the cast came off. The doctor told me to be careful with my arm, but to start using it normally again. The trouble was that couldn’t. was used to being careful with it. was afraid of bumping it. I was afraid that I would fall over and that it would break again.
The
Anda is half Dutch and she has lived all over the world. Will she want to stay put when she goes to college?
The College Collection
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting The College Collection
3
Georgina Jonas
Georgina Jonas
College Collection
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Georgina Jonas
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1_Jim Jam_080716.indd 19 15/07/2016 11:15 Text illustrations commissioned, all cover assets stock images.
Chapter 3
DAVID AND GOLIATH
As she exited the school gates, Edie failed to notice the tall man seated on a low wall on the opposite side of the road. Hunched up against the chill, his face – with its large, circular scar – was concealed behind a dark hood. The stranger stubbed out a cigarette as he caught sight of the two girls. At the meeting in Regent’s Park, Zero had been unhappy about the instruction to scare a schoolgirl, and was unimpressed when Goswell shared that he’d watched Edie at the cemetery, keen to see what she was up to: the chief executive was increasingly pig-headed and careless, his curiosity getting the better of him.
Distraction, though, was a problem for Edie. If unoccupied elsewhere, her mind went straight back to the second clue – even when just standing on a street corner –meaning important observations could be missed.
What if Charlie got it wrong?
Edie had played with the words of the new clue over and over in her head in the two days since their discovery. Elation at solving the first clue had soon been replaced with the nervous puzzlement of trying to work out the second. Who was Charlie: somebody Edie knew, a fictional character,
Catch up with Edie’s first adventure in:
‘Are they ready?’ she asked.
The shop owner, a portly man in his mid-thirties sporting a green The Zone of Print T-shirt, failed to reply and instead took the ticket and retreated to the shelves at the back of the store. A few moments later he returned with a small cardboard box, which he opened on the countertop.
‘How did it go?’ Edie enquired excitedly.
‘Very well, I think,’ he replied with a slight grin, retrieving the contents from inside the box. ‘See what you think,’ he continued, placing a single business card in front of Edie.
business then, are we?’
‘Maybe,’ Edie answered with a smile. ‘I’m seeing how it goes.’
‘Just one thing,’ the man asked.
‘What’s that?’
‘Have you secured that email address?’ he wondered, pointing to the back of the card.
‘I have,’ replied Edie, before adding more quietly, ‘I’m also thinking of ediemarblesupersleuth@gmail.com, but it seemed a bit long for the card.’
‘That’s good too.’ He replaced the business card, put the carton in a bag and handed it over. ‘Best of luck with it all.’
Back home, the doorbell rang at precisely eleven o’clock. Dad opened the front door and welcomed in PC Brearley, looking smart in her crisp black uniform.
‘How are you, Mr Franklin … I mean Dr Franklin?’ she asked.
‘Not too bad, thanks,’ he replied. ‘Things have quietened down, thankfully, and we’re able to get on with our lives.’
‘It must’ve been quite a time.’
Edie examined the card closely. ‘It’s great,’ she said after a while. ‘Just how I wanted it.’
‘Does the job,’ the assistant agreed. He paused for a moment then continued: ‘By the way, aren’t you the kid from
‘It has indeed. But you know what … I think we’re all the stronger for it, as a family.’
‘That’s good. And how about Edie? Is she okay – I mean health wise?’
ISBN 9781785835551
Walking back from her mother’s grave, 13-year-old schoolgirl Edie Marble finds a note in a pocket of the sheepskin coat that she hasn’t worn since the day, a year earlier, when she received the awful news of her mother’s death ...
Typesetting style based on Nina Tara’s cover designs >
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The note contains the first of five cryptic clues. in which science and morality clash violently. But it’s only by changing her whole way of thinking and staying one step ahead of the shadowy presence out to stop her that she’ll find path through to the truth. Reaching into her coat pocket beside her mother’s grave, Edie finds note from Mum … Cover design and illustration ninataradesign.com My darling Edie, If you are reading this now, it means something dreadful has happened to me. Why does Edie’s neighbour’s long-lost friend suddenly keep turning up wherever she goes? How can students fail an exam when they know their answers were correct? What led to the vicious attack on an elderly woman on Hampstead Heath? And – most alarming of all should stepfather’s new activist friends? As tensions across the city reach fever pitch, mind to avert a potential catastrophe? Edie Marble’s reputation as a supersleuth spreading far and wide – everyone wants her help to solve mysteries … www.crownhouse.co.uk MAYFAIR SOHO COVENT GARDEN WESTMINSTER HOLBORN MARYLEBONE To OXFORDSHIRE and SWINBROOK KNIGHTSBRIDGE BLOOMSBURY CLERKENWELL ST JAMES’S PARK RIVER THAMES British Museum Dominion eatre University College Hospital King’s College London Marble Arch Madame Tussauds Buckingham Palace Big Ben Piccadilly Circus Oxford Circus Trafalgar Square GREEN PARK REGENT’S PARK HYDE PARK Warren Street Charing Cross National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery Savoy Hotel To CAMDEN, CROUCH END and EDIE’S HOUSE To CAMBRIDGE
Themes: Homelessness Timing: General
19. Big Issue, Sir? A Hand Up and Not a Handout
Three Star Assembly
During the assembly you could use a small Team of Experts with laptop or tablet computers to find additional information about the homeless, TheBig Issue or charities like Shelter.
■ What do you understand by the term handout?
Here are two stories about homeless people. They take place a hundred years apart.
A Big Issue seller is taking one of the largest steps they may ever take because they are starting to rebuild their lives, so every time someone stops to buy the magazine they provide a hand up but not a handout.
Questions to consider:
■ Take a look at the image one more time. Can you describe the woman and her situation in six really powerful words that come together to make a very short story?
■ Which do you think is a better way of supporting homeless people – a hand up or a handout?
■ Can you think of other ways that local authorities might support homeless and vulnerable people?
■ Are there more things that you or I could do to support homeless or vulnerable people?
If you used the Team of Experts model you could now ask them to provide any relevant information about homeless people or the work of the Big Issue
Four Star Assembly
The Big Issue website is updated on a regular basis but it includes a promotional film about how The Big Issue works which could be shared with the children. It also includes up-to-date stories about people who have taken the first steps in transforming their lives. These could also be used to bring a real-life element to the assembly.
Five Star Assembly
Take the assembly to the next level by concluding it with ‘Streets of London’ by Ralph McTell. The song is worth listening to in its own right. It features a number of characters who are lonely and possibly homeless. You could focus on one of the characters in the song, perhaps the one whose memories are fading with the medal ribbons that he wears. Ask the children to consider how he may have earned the medals.
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SCHOOL ASSEMBLY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SCHOOL ASSEMBLY and classroom activities TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SCHOOL ASSEMBLY and classroom activities and classroom activities WILL RYAN Will Ryan has worked schools Rotherham, South Yorkshire for over thirty years Teacher, Head Teacher For young people growing up in the twenty-first century life can seem very complex, with many issues to worry about such as global warming, depleted natural resources and living together harmoniously in rapidly changing communities. The generation of children currently passing through our schools will have to resolve these issues for us. This will be achieved partly through the skills and the intelligence they gather and partly through the development of spiritual intelligence that will enable them to become good citizens and do the right things at the right time – which is the focus of this unique book. It also recognises the pressures school leaders and teachers are under. The materials for each theme are presented in each of these three ways: Three Star Assembly Help! have only ten minutes in which to plan good assembly or classroom activity Four Star Assembly have lots of extra time to plan or collect resources or involve the children Five Star Assembly Dr. Neil Hawkes, International Consultant and Trainer in Values-based Education (VbE) A life-saver for those times when you need an assembly that will really James Bowen, Head Teacher, Mill Rythe Junior School This book gives teachers the chance to use assemblies to bring awe, wonder and spirituality into school Bill Lord, Head Teacher, Long Sutton Community Primary School, former National Strategies Literacy Advisor opportunities for reflection. Sr Jude Groden RSM, Primary R.E. Adviser, Diocese of Brentwood Challenging and thought-provoking subject matter, coupled with relevant thought and reflection. Shane Jarman, Head Teacher, Denaby Main Primary School This book is aimed at key stages two and three, ages 7–14. contains beautiful and thought- provoking colour photographs throughout, which are also included on free accompanying CD. © W R M 01 Al gh e u nd t h u h n uh dcpyn g ma ISBN 978-178135007-2 21st_OnBody.indd Assemblies_070414.indd 96 14/04/2014 09:37 Script Take a look at the image. Can you start to describe the woman in the scene. She is either homeless or vulnerably housed. She wears a high visibility jacket because she is in danger of attack. She is smiling now but before the picture was taken a group of teenagers went by shouting ‘scrounger scrounger!’ She is selling The Big Issue but she wants to rescue her life. The theme today is homeless people or those who are extremely vulnerable. Is it possible to find out more about how many homeless people live in your area, how old these people are and why they had to live on the streets. There are many charities which work to provide support to the people affected by homelessness. Today we are going to explore the difference between offering somebody a hand up and a handout. You could start with these questions: ■ What do you think is meant by offering somebody a ‘hand up’? ■ Can you think of occasions when you have offered somebody a ‘hand up’?
Assemblies_070414.indd 97 14/04/2014 09:37 99
Assemblies_070414.indd 99 4 I remember it like yesterday. It was my first ever interview for a deputy headship and I braced myself for the first question. It certainly wasn’t what I expected: ‘A hymn, a prayer and a telling off – is this an accurate description of a school assembly?’ I can’t remember how I answered but it certainly made me think, and over thirty years later I am still thinking about it. If a school assembly lasts twenty minutes then a child spends 63 hours a year in assembly and that equates to over ten school days of six hours each. This means that during their primary school years a child will spend 443 hours or 70 days in assembly and possibly a further 316 hours or 52 days during the secondary years. This can be either time that is simply lost and forgotten or hours that can be used to make a difference – to create confident individuals and responsible, deep-thinking citizens for the future. Growing up in the twenty-first century can seem very complex and there are many things that seriously worry young people – global warming, depleted natural resources and how we can all live together harmoniously in a rapidly changing world. The generation of children currently passing through our schools will be the ones to resolve these issues for us. This will be achieved partly through the skills and knowledge they gather and partly through the development of an emotional and spiritual intelligence that will enable them to become good citizens who do the right things at the right time. This is what I have aimed to do in this book. The materials are aimed predominantly at school leaders and teachers in Key Stages 2 and 3 (ages 7–14). The photographs and activities suggested can be used to enhance learning in classrooms. Eric Hoffer’s comment speaks of a time of ‘drastic change’, and the twenty-first century has already brought considerable change with certainly more to come. Therefore, the premise behind this book is that more than ever children need to be equipped to think deeply and make appropriate choices about what is right and wrong, good and evil, beautiful and ugly. Many of the assemblies build from ideas in my previous book, Inspirational Teachers Inspirational Learners (2011). In turn, I hope the suggestions equip you to lead inspirational assemblies that pass the three generations test: the children remember them in the short term; they still remember them when they become parents; and finally they are able to tell their grandchildren about them. The book is laid out in two parts: ■ Part I: Our World in the Twenty-First Century aims to help children to become responsible global citizens who will help to change the world for the better. ■ Part II: Creating Responsible Citizens in Our Schools and Communities aims to promote a sense of aspiration and ambition Introduction In a time of drastic change it is the learners who inherit the future. The learned usually find themselves equipped to live in a world that no longer exists. Eric Hoffer Assemblies_070414.indd 5 within learners and also provide ideas for how they can make a positive difference to the school and the locality. The book also recognizes the pressures school leaders and teachers are under. Therefore the materials for each theme are presented in three ways: ■ Three Star Assemblies : These are for those moments when you think: ‘Help, I’ve hardly any time to plan an assembly!’ For these assemblies, you can simply pick up the book and read the story or account and follow the activities planned. ■ Four Star Assemblies : These are for the occasions when you’ve got a bit longer to prepare. They might involve groups of children, music or film footage. Many of the themes and resources provided open up opportunities for Philosophy for Children activities in the classroom. Sometimes these could be highly worthwhile learning activities that may not be incorporated into an assembly. On other occasions the children’s thinking can enhance the assemblies. Sometimes the materials could lead to a follow-up assembly (which means that many of the assemblies develop into two assemblies). ■ Five Star Assemblies : These are for the occasions when you need the ‘Rolls Royce’ model of deep, rich and meaningful assemblies. Perhaps it is because Ofsted are about to arrive. Again there are suggestions for how you can involve the children as described in the section above. On some occasions the Five Star Assembly can become a further follow-up assembly, and so on these occasions each assembly grows into three assemblies! One of the concepts I have become increasingly interested in over recent years is the power of the six word story. Many of the world’s largest and most successful businesses use six word stories as an advertising technique. Here are a couple of examples: ‘Engineered to move the human spirit’ (Mercedes Benz)’ and ‘We’re number two. We try harder’ (Avis Rent a Car). Six words are deemed to be the smallest number of words you can use to write a complete story. Some of the assemblies and activities urge the children to use six really powerful words to describe an image or capture part of the assembly. The six word story can also be a brilliant method of introducing reflection at the end of the assembly. Many of the assemblies are designed to incorporate a Team of Experts model. Often when you view a live factual programme on television you see a research team in the background working away on computers providing up-to-the-minute information. This approach is built into many of the assemblies. All you need to do is create a team of four or five experts who set out to find additional information relating to the assembly whilst it is taking place. This methodology increases pupil Assemblies_070414.indd 5 < CD on-body
<
Full page images to be shown to pupils during assemblies, rotated 90° to maximise printed size.
What makes remarkable students remarkable?
Attributes such as resilience, curiosity and intelligence may come to mind – and we might also add others, such as intuition and tenacity.
But what has helped make them what they are?
Were they born this way, or did their ‘remarkabilities’ emerge during their schooling? Such questions may make teachers feel uneasy, prompting them to reflect on the sometimes limiting scope of what is often labelled as ‘gifted and talented provision’ in their school.
Robert Massey argues, however, that these remarkabilities are there, latent and dormant, in many more students than we might at first acknowledge.
In From Able to Remarkable Robert shares a rich variety of practical, cross-curricular strategies designed to help teachers unearth and nurture these capabilities and signpost a route to the top for every learner.
Suitable for teachers and gifted and talented coordinators in both primary and secondary schools.
Robert has done a superb job of setting out a coherent philosophy and a manifesto for change, marshalling a wide range of supporting evidence and examples, while also offering readers a superb catalogue of practical ideas to bolster their teaching repertoire.
Tom Sherrington, education consultant and author of The Learning Rainforest and Rosenshine’s Principles in Action
A highly accessible and engaging read for teachers – and a road map for creating a climate for opportunity and challenge. Both practical and reflective in equal measure, it takes the very best of what we know and shows how learning is shaped by context, ethos, classroom practice and a relentless focus on the learner.
Sue Riley, CEO, National Association for Able Children in Education (NACE)
A valuable addition to the CPD library of any teacher who wishes their students to achieve their very best in school and beyond.
Torsten Payne, author of Stretch and Challenge for All
Finally, someone is sharing with us the formula to how we can guide, mentor, coach and exemplify expert learning in the classroom.
Nina Jackson, education consultant, Teach Learn Create Ltd, author, mental health adviser and award-winning motivational speaker
With over two decades’ worth of experience as a history teacher, Robert Massey has for the past six years led the Scholars’ Programme at Bristol Grammar School. He has a particular interest in supporting his colleagues in the provision of stretch and challenge opportunities for high-attaining students. He tweets @DoctorMassey and regularly speaks at education conferences.
From Able to Remarkable
10
Even the students able and willing to
Expert teaching requires
Challenge
So that
Students have high expectations of what they can achieve
Explanation
So that
Students acquire new knowledge and skills
Modelling
So that Students know how to apply the knowledge and skills
Students engage in deliberate practice
Questioning
So that Students are made to think hard with breadth, depth and accuracy
Feedback
So that Students think about and further develop their knowledge and skills
Starting Our Learning Journey 62
Scaffolding
Source Allison and Tharby (2015): 7.
Able_090919.indd 62 10/09/2019 08:57
Chapter 10
Towards a Manifesto for Excellence
At the start of this book offered five big ideas regarding provision for more able pupils:
1. All students can and should become expert learners. There is no separate category labelled ‘gifted and talented provision’.
2. Teachers make a difference to the learning of high-attaining pupils: adults teach, students learn, students lead.
3. Teaching to the top (and learning to the top) will make a difference because it will help to unlock the latent potential of every child in our classrooms.
4. The learning journey for all our students is lifelong and is undertaken for its own sake – for the love of learning, not the passing of exams.
5. Our expert learners will become remarkable students.
If these ideas sound optimistic or even idealistic, then have tried to temper this with approaches rooted in experience and some strategies endorsed by research evidence in order to offer directions forward. To do nothing or continue with same old, same old is not an option. As discussed in the Introduction, two critical Ofsted reports in 2013 and 2015 found alarming evidence of sustained pupil underachievement in colleges and schools among pupils who might have been expected to progress from high Key Stage 2 outcomes to high GCSE scores. We stand condemned as a society for not tackling the advantage or excellence gap.
The excellence gap
The formidable Tim Dracup (2016) pointed out some years ago to all those who cared to read his forensic analysis of ‘most able provision’ some of the necessary steps to closing the excellence gap affecting thousands of pupils then and today. These included national evaluation of promising practice in developing new programmes designed to support
243
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting FromAble to Help Your Students Become Expert Learners Help Your Students Become Expert Learners Robert Massey Robert Massey www.crownhouse.co.uk Education Teaching skills and techniques Teaching of gifted students From Able to Remark able
Able_FP.indd 1 10/09/2019 08:47
Where to start? Heaven knows, we teachers beat ourselves up about everything we cannot do and would like to do, and now there are distinguished commentators telling hardpressed, under-resourced schools that there is something else that we are getting very wrong indeed. There are 101 sound, structural reasons why provision for what Ofsted terms our more able students is not what it should be, but it is not the purpose of this book to start blaming schools and teachers for everything that has hitherto gone wrong. Getting the approach right If we are to address meaningfully the challenges of educating our high-attaining students, let’s put the issue, and the students themselves, centre stage. Treating such provision as a fringe benefit for a lucky few is entirely the wrong approach to take. Step 1 We know how to stretch and challenge all our pupils Step 2 Pupils themselves know how to demand excellence of each other Step 3 Pupils lead their own learning journeys to remarkable destinations If we know at step 1 how to stretch and challenge all our students every day, in every lesson or every sequence of lessons, then we go a long way to moving them all, and not just the elite few, from able to remarkable. Better still, if all our students themselves know how to Able_090919.indd 10 10/09/2019 08:57 The Learning Rollercoaster 193 Cornell notes Date: Title: Questions: Summary notes: Research Review and reflect 1 week and then 3 weeks later Cornell notes try to address these shortcomings. There are many examples and tweaks available, and students can easily create their own versions suitable for your learning environment and subject. What they all have in common is: A central section of every page where the routine note-making occurs, but in a more compressed and selective form than might naturally occur to students. This will need to be explicitly modelled and taught to your students. Definitions/ links to other topics/ questions for self or class Model the skill of concise, accurate note-taking for your subject Pupil summary of the main notes: ✓ Review ✓ Cover ✓ Make summary notes here and review ✓ Forget ✓ Review ✓ Cover and so on FromAble to Help Your Students Become Expert Learners Robert Massey Able_090919.indd 1 10/09/2019 08:57 The Expert Learner 176 The myth of the learning curve Learning curve graph Learning efforts no. of attempts) 100 50 0 0 30 60 90 120 Performance We say, ‘It’s a learning curve, all right!’ when we describe a new process or skill we want to master. The phrase is perfectly acceptable in everyday speech, but when used in education does it really help us to understand how best to make more able students into remarkable ones? My contention is that it does not. The learning curve is usually depicted as being neat and regular. Sometimes it is not even a curve but a 45 degree diagonal line. Learning isn’t often like that. As teachers, we know that smooth, controlled advances by an individual pupil, let alone a whole class, are the exception rather than the rule. When we check students’ understanding mid-lesson with simple red, amber or green traffic light cards, or ask for a quick visual thumbs up/thumbs level/ thumbs down, or use mini-whiteboards to demonstrate understanding, we find disparities and difference. The seductive smoothness and predictability of the learning curve resembles the automatic gearbox of a luxury saloon, with effortless engineering facilitating outstanding forward motion. What you and I may be facing in the real world may resemble more stick shift clunkiness, gearbox grinding and the occasional stall.
If the quickest way for a pupil to achieve celebrity in your school is by being the worst behaved, you have a culture problem.
You can buy in the best behaviour tracking software, introduce 24/7 detentions or scream
‘NO EXCUSES’ as often as you want – but ultimately the solution lies with the behaviour of the adults. It is the only behaviour over which we have absolute control.
In When the Adults Change, Everything Changes Paul Dix upends the debate on behaviour management in schools and offers effective strategies that serve to
not miss out on reading this book.
Sue Cowley, teacher and education author
I have learnt much from this book that will shape and amend my future practice and wholeheartedly recommend it to even the most experienced teacher.
Phil Beadle, teacher and Author
Far from being just another book on behaviour, this is a blueprint for how behaviour should be in schools.
Russell J. Ingleby, Head Teacher, Hightown Junior, Infant and Nursery School
Paul Dix gets it. After reading this book, you will too.
Jarlath O’Brien, Head Teacher, Carwarden House Community School Education Teaching Skills
independentthinkingpress.com
WHEN THE EVERYTHING CHANGES CHANGE ADULTS
When_FP_1022.indd 1
Nuggets
■ Always ask the children to remind you of the routine before you ask them to enact it.
■ Ask other adults (teaching assistants, cover supervisors, supply teachers, visiting teachers) to use the routine when they are working with the class.
■ When you ask a recently qualified teacher to observe an experienced teacher, sit alongside them and help to pick apart the teacher routines that are almost hidden to the naked eye.
Even if there has outwardly been an
When The Adults Everything Changes 88
Your
In my first lesson with a new class who were determined to break me I found phrases dropping from my mouth that I hadn’t heard in years: ‘Why am I waiting for you?’ ‘Would you do that at home?’ ‘You are all in detention!’ Rely on your defaults for managing behaviour and you are drawing on all the worst examples of teacher/parent speak that are lodged deep in your vocabulary bank.
In a calm moment it is easy to imagine what you could have said to improve the situation, but angry children rarely allow you thinking time. If we don’t address the
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting As a teacher, leader and teacher trainer, Paul Dix has been working to transform the most difficult behaviour in the most challenging urban schools, referral units and colleges for the last 25 years. In addition to working directly with schools, Paul has advised the Department for Education on the teachers’ standards, given evidence to the Education Select Committee and done extensive work with the Ministry of Justice on behaviour and restraint in youth custody. Paul is a leading campaigner for the #BanTheBooths campaign (www.banthebooths.co.uk) and part of the IntegratEd Reference Group and Ethical Leadership Group. @pauldixtweets Also by Paul Dix After the Adults Change: Achievable Behaviour Nirvana ISBN 978-178135377-6
SEISMIC SHIFTS IN SCHOOL BEHAVIOUR PAUL DIX WHEN THE ADULTS EVERYTHING CHANGES PAUL DIX
end the search for change in children and turn the focus back on the adults. Packed with anecdotal case studies, scripted interventions and tried-and-tested approaches, this book is suitable for teachers and school leaders – in any setting –who are looking to upgrade their approach to school behaviour. This book is a game changer. Your students need you to read When the Adults Change, Everything Changes Jaz Ampaw-Farr, speaker, author and ‘Resilience Ninja’ If you want to create an inclusive school where children’s behaviour is not only managed, but is changed as well, you should
27/10/2022 12:02
improvement in his behaviour he remains a slyly subversive influence. Paul Dix, school report, age 12 When_1022.indd 88 27/10/2022 12:00 89 Chapter 6
Universal Microscripts: Flipping the Script1
behaviour, your language, your ‘weather’.
know what they are going to say first when dealing with poor behaviour,
there is rarely a planned middle or a controlled end.
you get your defaults from?
the chips are down and
with
seemingly impossible class,
Most teachers
but
Where did
When
you are utterly frustrated
a
what do you find yourself saying?
language we use by default then we risk the greatest inconsistency of all: managing poor behaviour with improvised responses. 1 Flipping the script is doing the opposite of what your natural instinct is and transforming a situation. When_1022.indd 89 27/10/2022 12:00
CHANGE ADULTS PAUL DIX Proportionate and Productive Consequences 51 Repair, restore, return to learn Talk, support and reset Triage Self-regulating space Quiet space to study Class Class Class Class Class Key principles ■ Triage is a no-blame environment ■ Students stay for one lesson only ■ Class teachers follow up when necessary ■ Being removed from class is a consequence 1. Triage is a no-blame environment When students arrive at triage there should be no blame and no judgement, regardless of the nature of the incident. This is critical. When you arrive at the police station after arrest, the line is clearly drawn by the custody sergeant: ‘We are not here to judge you. We have had no involvement in your arrest. This is about process.’ I am not suggesting that triage should mimic a custody suite in design or restriction of liberty, but it is an interesting separation of duties. It means After_0721.indd 51 13/07/2021 15:39
AFTER THE
Now in its fourth edition, this classic text is a comprehensive guide to the practice of client-centered hypnotherapy. The Art of Hypnotherapy shows students how all hypnotic techniques revolve around four main therapeutic objectives:
• Suggestion and Imagery
• Discovering the Cause
• Releasing
• Subconscious Relearning.
New features in this edition include sections on anger, impotence, stuttering and tinnitus, and a section on how to help a client establish a safe place and why this is important. Also covered is the use of hypnosis in habit control and motivation and how triggers impact habits; a large section on regression techniques; an introduction to parts therapy; and advanced hypnotherapeutic techniques such as pain management.
Praise for the Third Edition:
“Roy Hunter’s text is a masterful presentation of the fundamentals as well as advanced techniques of clinical hypnotherapy. I highly recommend it for the beginner as well as the experienced hypnotherapist.”
Pamela Winkler, PhD, Past President of St. John’s University, Springfield, LA
“The chapter on regression techniques is so complete that it is a mini training course in the art of safe and competent hypnotic regression. And as if that was not enough, the chapter contains a step-by-step guide to take the reader from the start to the finish of a professional therapy session. Chock-full of the sort of wisdom that can only come from a well-spring of clinical experience, this is an eminently must-read book.”
Terence Watts, Founder, Assocation of Professional Hypnosis and Psychotherapy, UK
The third edition of this book was published with ISBN 978-075754617-4.
Roy Hunter teaches professional hypnosis and advanced techniques for professionals and teaches self hypnosis to groups and clients for personal or professional motivation. He was specially selected to carry on the work of the late Charles Tebbetts. He was awarded a PhD from Alpha University and California University with a major in clinical hypnotherapy.
Other titles by Roy Hunter:
Hypnosis for Inner Conflict Resolution: Introducing Parts Therapy (ISBN 978-190442460-4)
The Art of Hypnosis: Mastering Basic Techniques (ISBN 978-184590439-5)
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting C. Roy Hunter MS, CHt C.
Hunter MS, CHt Hypnotherapy The of Art Fourth Edition Hypnotherapy The of Art Fourth Edition ISBN 978-184590440-1 9 7 8 1 8 4 5 9 0 4 4 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 Crown House Publishing Ltd www.crownhouse.co.uk www.crownhousepublishing.com Psychotherapy Hypnosis
Roy
Mastering Client-Centered Techniques ArtHypnotherapy_FP_0117.indd 1 02/02/2017 09:20
of Art
C. Roy Hunter MS, CHt The
Hypnosis Third Edition
Hunter,
A Clinical Guide Hypnotic Therapy The of Art Regression A modern classic in the use of hypnotic regression work. I wish it would have been available earlier on in my career.” Cal Banyan, MA, DNGH, Creator of 5-PATH® Hypnotherapy and 7th Path Self-Hypnosis ® C. Roy Hunter MS, CHt A Practical Guide to Self-Empowerment ofSelf-Hypnosis thePower Mastering Second Edition
Mastering Basic Techniques
Bruce Eimer, PhD C. Roy
MS, CHt
Samuel Elliott has been the pupil from hell.
He knows what he needed from his teachers in order to turn his life around –and in this book he shares that knowledge with hard-pressed colleagues who just want to do their best for their pupils.
In ASBO Teacher Samuel offers no-nonsense principles hewn from the chalkface of the modern British classroom: ideas and approaches that have worked for the author in the most challenging settings and with the most testing pupils. Covering a range of issues spanning behaviour management, lesson structure, resource preparation and narratives in the classroom, the book is a blueprint for becoming a particular kind of teacher – one who has high expectations, a concern for pupil well-being, and a knack for ushering learners into more effective learning.
Suitable for trainee, newly qualified and recently qualified teachers, as well as more experienced educators.
This is not just an enthralling account of one young teacher navigating his way through the comprehensive system; it is also filled with invaluable advice for others who are attempting to do the same.
Charlie Carroll, author of On the Edge
ASBO Teacher is the educational equivalent of a Bear Grylls survival guide, a cracking read and a must-have book for any classroom teacher.
Sam Strickland, Principal, The Duston School, and author of Education Exposed and Education Exposed 2
For those embarking on a career in the inner-city classroom this book is surely an invaluable resource, an essential guide, and a compendium of ‘everything you need to learn about teaching that the establishment may never teach you’.
Melissa Kite, Contributing Editor, The Spectator Crammed full of brilliant behaviour management strategies that are rooted in research, psychology and Samuel’s own experience. Haili Hughes, teacher, consultant, journalist and author of Mentoring in Schools
ASBO ASBO Teacher
Teacher
An irreverent guide to surviving in challenging classrooms
ASBO Teacher
An irreverent guide to surviving in challenging classrooms
Samuel Elliott
Chapter 2
Wasteman Teacher
Ah, ’tis the story of the wasteman teacher. If you enjoyed burning small insects with a magnifying glass as a youngster, then this is the chapter for you. An inverted how-to manual for how to teach – or how not to teach. Play the audiobook version backwards and hear croaky, guttural messages, such as ‘Discovery learning is the best’ or ‘Give your scholar no verbal lessons’.1 But, there is a lot to learn here, as with the Book of Revelation or Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus where everybody gets baked in a pie and lives happily ever after. The moral? God knows. I hear that mindfulness helps.
Little Alfred
I’m ready for my first term in a school. My application to Chelmsley Wood Academy has been accepted. The job title: graduate learning coach. Their ethos: to provide opportunities to children from a diverse range of challenging backgrounds. Their Ofsted rating was ‘outstanding’ last year, recently demoted to ‘good’.
I’m buggered in terms of transport. didn’t take my driving test when I should have, so now I’ve got to bus and train it to Marston Green, walking the remaining three miles there and back every day. Oh well, should keep me fit.
It’s my first day. I’ve got brogues, tweed trousers from Topman, and my shirt’s so white that its albedo could lower my carbon footprint.
I had my hair done yesterday too. ‘Looking shaaarp, boss,’ the guy at Istanbul said. The Turkish barbers are the best. They don’t have the sham-Edwardian coat hooks or a PlayStation in the waiting bay, but at least they don’t make dead conversations about the top ten boozers in Coventry.
1 Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile, or Education tr. Barbara Foxley, Kindle edn (London & Toronto: J.M. Dent and Sons, 1921), loc. 1111. Available at: https:// oll.libertyfund.org/titles/2256
ASBO Teacher
for
Praise
Filled with truth, ASBO Teacher illuminates the reality of modernday teaching with vivid and visceral clarity. At times shocking and at others downright hilarious, Samuel’s revelations are always insightful and carefully disseminated, taking in both the bigger picture and the finer details of education theory.
This is not just an enthralling account of one young teacher navigating his way through the comprehensive system; it is also filled with invaluable advice for others who are attempting to do the same.
Charlie Carroll, author of On the Edge
ASBO Teacher is the educational equivalent of a Bear Grylls survival guide, with particularly insightful tips on effective classroom management. It offers an informative view that details why pupils often misbehave and provides a fantastic array of practical strategies and approaches that any teacher can pick up and run with. The anecdotes and stories embedded into the book also give the issues at hand true relevance and are easy to relate to.
A cracking read and a must-have book for any classroom teacher. Sam Strickland, Principal, The Duston School, and author of Education Exposed and Education Exposed 2
Samuel Elliott’s ASBO Teacher takes us on a whirlwind tour of the modern British education system that is hair-raising, eye-opening, and hugely entertaining.
For those embarking on a career in the inner-city classroom this book is surely an invaluable resource, an essential guide, and a compendium of ‘everything you need to learn about teaching that the establishment may never teach you’. I hope many new teachers educate and entertain themselves by reading it.
Melissa Kite, Contributing Editor, The Spectator
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting
Samuel Elliott
www.crownhouse.co.uk Education Teaching Skills and Techniques
Samuel Elliott has been a classroom teacher since 2016. Having grown up, lived in and taught in deprived areas, Samuel possesses key insights into misbehaviour that many teachers lack. These experiences informed his approaches in his trainee and NQT years, which, combined with his research into behavioural psychology, have since given rise to a pedagogy that borrows from both traditional and progressive philosophies. asboteacher.com @ASBOTeacher
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Samuel Elliott Foreword by David Didau
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ASBOTeacher190121.indd 25 21/01/2021 09:05 Illustration Les Evans > Building an informed approach to pastoral leadership in schools Wiping Noses Beyond –Stephen Lane www.crownhouse.co.uk counselling of students Sets out the crucial role of pastoral care as part of the function and purpose of schooling – and shares practical insights on how schools can get it right. In Beyond Wiping Noses teacher and Head of Year Stephen Lane presents a case for developing a research-informed approach to the pastoral aspect of teaching. This approach is the result of Stephen’s own explorations of pastoral practice – and in this timely book he offers helpful advice on how to design a knowledge-rich pastoral curriculum that encompasses both knowledge of the self and knowledge of the other. Stephen expertly surveys the field of pastoral provision and leadership and provides practical takeaways around how schools can build an integrated approach to taking care of their pupils. Stephen Lane aka Sputnik Steve, has been a teacher of English in a variety of schools for over two decades. He has been a head of English, and is now Head of Years 7–9. Stephen is also a doctoral researcher at the University of Birmingham. A book that is refreshingly readable and actionable but also evidence-based and rigorous. Professor Samantha Twiselton, Director, Sheffield Institute of Education, and Vice President (external), The Chartered College of Teaching Beyond Wiping Noses needs to not only be read by pastoral leads but by all teachers and school leaders who play a role in helping the children in their care through the trials and tribulations of school life. Mark Enser, Head of Geography and Research Lead, Heathfield Community College, TES columnist and author of Teach Like Nobody’s Watching A thought-provoking and stimulating read. Jarlath O’Brien, author of Better Behaviour: A Guide for Teachers would urge all schools to have a copy of Beyond Wiping Noses in their staffroom. Peter Nelmes, school leader and author of Troubled Hearts, Troubled Minds: Making Sense of the Emotional Dimension of Learning An engaging and thought-provoking journey through the multifarious aspects of pastoral provision. Sarah Mullin, deputy head teacher and author of What They Didn’t Teach Me on My PGCE Suitable for teachers, school leaders and anyone with a pastoral role in any school setting. –Wiping Noses Building an informed approach to pastoral leadership in schools Beyond –Stephen Lane @sputniksteve independentthinkingpress.com DAVID HODGSON & TIM BENTON The BraIn Box is your indispensable guide not only to powering through the stress, hard work and brain-ache of school and college, but also to establishing good learning habits and self-motivation which will be invaluable throughout the next stage of your life, whether at university or in a career. Open The BraIn Box and find out: How an essay is like a sandwich * Why the majority of people will say carrot when asked to name a vegetable, and red when asked to name a colour * How to get over a major case of CBAS (Can’t be Arsed Syndrome)! Packed with doodles, games, quotes, quizzes and activities which you can fill in and keep, and interesting facts and questions to keep the grey matter going, The BraIn Box is your essential guide to learning, revision and motivation. ‘Intelligence is a factor, but mostly it comes down to how well you work. Those who work hard or smart tend to do better.’ Tim Benton is a trainer and educator. He works with young people across the UK, and beyond to India and Kenya, helping them achieve great results, not by fretting about exams, but by finding the ways they learn best, working smart and being all they can be. @TimBenton David Hodgson works with young people on motivation, goal setting, life skills and employability; he goes about it in a way that combines practical common sense with an inspirational message (and, crucially, a sense of humour!). @DavidHitl THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO SUCCESS AT SCHOOL AND COLLEGE &DAVIDHODGSON TIMBENTON LEARNING TIPS AND STRATEGIES REVISING MEMORY MOTIVATION EXAM TECHNIQUE THE ONLY STUDENT STUDY GUIDE YOU’LL NEED BrainBox_FP_1120.indd 1 19/11/2020 08:04
Amazing Assemblies for Primary Schools consists of twenty-five very special teacher-led assemblies for head teachers, deputies, senior leaders or anyone who is required to lead an assembly with young children at short notice. All the assemblies have been tried and tested, all are ideal for presenting to large groups of children in the school hall and between them they cover a large range of subjects. There are science experiments, art demonstrations with unusual materials, word games, puzzles, quizzes, mathematical trickery, even an extraordinary eggshell and a baffling banana!
Although the assemblies are primarily aimed at Key Stage 2 (age 7–11 years), many are also eminently suited to Key Stage 1 (age 5–7 years).
Here are twenty-five ideas, any one of which will guarantee a great experience.
Sir Tim Brighouse, former London Schools Commissioner and Chief Education Officer for Birmingham and Oxfordshire
■ What you’ll need The assemblies use materials that are readily available in school, or that you are likely to have at home.
■ What is this assembly about? Each assembly has a different theme or focus for learning.
■ Preparing the assembly Detailed instructions make preparation easy, although preparation time needed is minimal.
■ Introducing the assembly There are step-bystep instructions making the assemblies easy to deliver.
■ And finally … Each assembly offers follow up ideas for further learning and exploration.
These assemblies are about intriguing, fascinating and involving children. Terence O’Brien, retired teacher
As a busy head teacher, this book is just what I need to capture the imaginations of children of all ages.
Anita Asumadu, Head Teacher, Oliver Goldsmith Primary School
A must-buy for any imaginative, forward looking primary school. John Lord, retired head teacher
Mike Kent has spent his entire career in primary education and was a head teacher for thirty years. He has written for many educational papers and magazines and was a leading columnist on the Times Educational Supplement for fifteen years, being shortlisted twice as newspaper columnist of the year. Mike has co-authored twenty-seven musical plays for primary schools and written three books on education, including a popular autobiography of his headship years. Amazing Assemblies for Primary Schools is Mike’s first resource book for teachers.
Clever Cuts
Surprising Sevens
Whacky Words
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting MIKE KENT Mike Kent 25 SIMPLE-TO-PREPARE EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLIES 25 SIMPLE-TO-PREPARE EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLIES Primary
for Amazing AMAZING ASSEMBLIES FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS Assemblies Packed full of exciting activities to excite and enthral: guaranteed to start the day on a high note. Michael Evans, educational journalist The activities are simple and easy to prepare and I will be using them immediately, just as long as I contact the fire brigade first! Richard Dax, Head Teacher, Comber Grove Primary School www.crownhouse.co.uk Education Teaching Skills and Techniques Educational school assembly resource material
Schools
A school assembly for primary children should be exciting and interesting; a time when children can learn and a time when they can share and contribute to a valuable learning experience.
What you’ll need: ■ Some sheets of A4 plain white paper ■ A good pair of scissors the large ‘kitchen’ type is best ■ A pencil ■ A large sheet of paper, approximately 60 x 60 cm – the paper should be very thin so that it is easy to cut when folded a number of times Preparing the assembly No preparation is needed for this assembly, but it’s a good idea to have a waste paper bin handy to catch the little bits of paper from the cuts you’re going to make. What is this assembly about? You show the children that they don’t need expensive toys to have a lot of fun by creating beautiful paper patterns from a sheet of paper. Assembly 5 Diagram 1 Diagram 2 Diagram 4 Diagram 3 Introducing the assembly Part 1: Tell the children that surprising amount of fun can be had just with a sheet of paper and a pair of scissors. Show them a sheet of A4 and fold it in two lengthwise. Hold it folded edge downwards. Cut triangle somewhere along the fold and ask the children if they can tell you what shape they will see when you open the paper up. They will find this easy and say diamond or a rhombus. Part 2: Take another sheet of A4 and fold it in half and then into quarters. Tell the children you want a square to appear in the middle of the paper but you’re only going to make one cut. Ask them if they can suggest what cut you should make. Try some of the cuts suggested and show the children the results. When the right answer is suggested (Diagram 1), cut the paper and show them the square. Tell the children that interesting patterns can be created by folding and cutting – the more you fold, and the greater the number of shapes cut out, the more interesting the pattern. Fold another sheet of A4 into quarters and make the cuts shown in Diagram 2. Open up the paper to show the simple pattern that has been created. Now say you’re going to try something bit more ambitious. Part 3: Take the large square of paper and fold it diagonally so that you have a large triangle as shown in Diagram 3. Fold along the dotted line indicated so that you create the rightangled triangle shown in Diagram 4. Fold point X to point Y along the dotted line to end up with the triangle shown in Diagram 5. Fold point A over to point B and you will have the shape shown in Diagram 6. Now draw in the shaded shapes shown in Diagram 7. Using your large kitchen scissors, cut out all the shaded bits and also cut off the end of the cone (line X,Y). Ask the children what they expect to see when you open the paper out. They will be surprised when they see the intricate and beautiful pattern you have created. And finally … Ask the children to experiment with paper folding and cutting and to try some different patterns and shapes of their own. They can also experiment by mounting their patterns onto different coloured and textured backgrounds. Perhaps they could bring their results into another assembly and show them to the other children. Following this, you can talk about simple origami patterns and show them some basic techniques. Diagram 5 Diagram 6 Diagram 7
What you’ll need: ■ Twelve dice – it’s a good idea to ake some from wooden or plastic cubes so they can be easily seen ■ Two sheets of A4 paper ■ Six large sheets of white paper about A1 size ■ Six fat felt-tip pens ■ Masking tape ■ Six containers to shake the dice in Preparing the assembly A little preparation is needed for this assembly. Stand the containers on a table at the front, along with the sheets of paper and the pencils. Write the number 14 on a sheet of A4, fold it up and put it in your left pocket. Write the number 21 on another sheet and put it in your right pocket. Draw eleven columns on a sheet of A1 and then write the numbers 2 to 12 at the top of the columns. Do the same with the other five sheets. Fix the sheets of paper at various points around the front of the hall using bits of masking tape. All the children will need to be able to see them. What is this assembly about? Using three dice, you make an amazing prediction – and then show how dice can be used for an interesting maths experiment. Assembly 10 Introducing the assembly Part 1: Explain to the children that people who really enjoy maths can find interesting mathematical ideas all around them, even using something as simple as dice. Say that the assembly you’re going to do is based on the number 7. Now say that you’re going to perform an amazing mind-reading trick, and ask a boy and a girl to come and help you. Tell everyone that you wrote a number on sheet of paper before the assembly and hid it in your pocket, but you won’t reveal what the number is for the moment. Place two dice in a container, hand it to the girl, ask her to shake it and then roll the dice out onto the table. She should look at the two numbers showing on the top faces of the dice, then pick the dice up together and turn them over to reveal the two numbers underneath. She should then add the four numbers together. Ask her what her answer is. She will say 14. Now take out the sheet of paper on which you wrote 14 and show everyone how brilliant your prediction was! Tell the children you’re going to see if you can predict accurately again, but using three dice this time. Put three dice in a container and give it to the boy. Now the procedure is the same as before. The dice are rolled out onto the table and the top face numbers added to the ones underneath. Ask the boy what his answer is … and then take out your paper with 21 written on it. Amazing! Part 2: Ask twelve children to come and help you, and explain that you’re going to show them another interesting experiment with dice. Separate them into groups of two, give each pair two dice and a pen, and send each pair to a place where you’ve fixed a sheet of A1. One person in each group is the ‘roller’ and the other is the ‘recorder’. Each pair works independently. Tell the children you’re going to give them five minutes for this experiment and that they should work as quickly as possible. When you say ‘Go’, a roller should roll his dice on the floor, add together the two numbers showing and give the number to his recorder, who puts a tick in the appropriate column. The more ticks you have on the sheets of paper, the better this will work. Everybody in the hall will watch the ticks building up with interest, and very quickly very similar patterns should emerge on all the sheets – with 7 being the number that appears with the greatest frequency. After five minutes, ask the children to quickly total the ticks in each column and then see if they can explain why this happens. And finally … Once children play around with dice, they will quickly discover that opposite numbers always add up to 7. Number 1 is underneath 6, 2 is underneath 5 and 4 is underneath 3. Using a pair of dice, numbers opposite each other will always add up to 14 (and so on), which is why you were able to ‘predict’ so accurately! In the second part of the session using two dice, there are more ways of making 7 with them than any other number, so this is the number most likely to appear when you roll the dice.
What you’ll need: ■ An easel ■ Some large sheets of paper ■ A bulldog clip ■ A thick felt-tip pen Preparing the assembly Another very easy assembly to prepare. Just fix the sheets of paper to the easel with a big bulldog clip and you’re ready What is this assembly about? Words are fascinating. We use them all the time to communicate, but lots of fun can be had with them too, as this session demonstrates! Assembly 18 Diagram 1 NEVER ODD OR EVEN Diagram 2 TOM WHERE FRED HAD HAD HAD HAD HAD HAD HAD HAD HAD HAD BEEN THE CORRECT ANSWER Diagram 3 Introducing the assembly Talk to the children about words. Explain how important they are for communication, how we use them all the time and how very young children quickly acquire large vocabularies at a startling rate. Tell the children that words can also provide endless fun, and that you’re going to show them some word puzzles and ask them some questions that will really test their thinking powers. Puzzle 1: Ask a child to come and help you. Tell him that, however hard he tries, you’re going to catch him out! Ask if he can spell the word ‘silk’, giving you the letters one at a time. Write the letters on the paper. Now ask him to spell out what a cow drinks. He will spell the letters of the word ‘milk’, and be certain he was right. You point out that a cow makes milk but actually drinks water! Puzzle 2: Ask another child to help. Tell her you’re going to draw a well-known vegetable on your paper and all she has to do is guess what it is. Draw the picture shown in Diagram 1. She will probably be completely mystified, until you explain that the word is ‘potatoes’: a cooking pot containing eight letter O’s! Puzzle 3: Write the sentence ‘Never odd or even’ on the paper, as shown in Diagram 2. Ask the children if they can spot something interesting. There will be all sorts of answers until somebody notices that it’s a palindrome – it says the same thing forwards and backwards. Puzzle 4: Here’s tough one. Write out the sentence in Diagram 3, ‘Tom where Fred had had had had had had had had had had been the correct answer,’ and ask the children if it makes sense. They will say, of course, that it doesn’t. Could it ever make sense, you ask? They’ll say, no, it couldn’t possibly. But you can show that it does! Explain it like this: Tom and Fred were in class, copying down sentence the teacher had given the class. The sentence was, ‘Everybody had had so much jelly, they felt ill.’ Tom didn’t copy it down properly. He wrote ‘Everybody had so much jelly, they felt ill.’ Fred, however, did copy it down properly. And so Tom, where Fred had had ‘had had’, had had ‘had’. ‘Had had’ had been the correct answer. And finally … There are thousands of amusing tricks and puzzles with words, many of them fascinating to children. Once you’ve shown them the palindrome above, for example, they’ll probably want to construct a few themselves. A whole session could be given over to crosswords, their invention and construction. The internet is a very rich source of word puzzles too.
What you’ll need: ■ A short length of broom handle ■ A piece of very stout corrugated card, about 35 cm square ■ A hammer ■ A nail ■ A pair of scissors ■ A strip of white card approximately 8 x 40 cm – paint one side of the card black or glue a piece of black paper onto it ■ A piece of stiff white card, about 10 cm square ■ Red, yellow and black large felt-tip pens ■ A new pencil ■ Two large elastic bands ■ Some sticky tape Preparing the assembly Firstly, you need to make a simple turntable. Draw the largest possible circle on the corrugated card and cut it out. Hammer a nail through its centre and into the end of the broom handle. Don’t hammer it right in – the disc needs to be able to spin. Take the strip of white card and cut slits into it, as shown in Diagram 1. Then draw the ‘stick man’ sequence onto it, as shown, each image being slightly different from the last. Take the small piece of stiff white card and draw a large red blob on one side of it. On the other side, draw a large yellow blob. Finally, punch two holes at the sides of the card, thread the elastic bands through and tie them so they won’t come out. What is this assembly about? If we didn’t have the phenomenon known as ‘persistence of vision’, cinema and television wouldn’t exist. You explain it and demonstrate three different ways of illustrating it. Assembly 22 Introducing the assembly Part 1: Ask the children to stare at a light bulb in the hall for a short time and then shut their eyes. They will still ‘see’ the image. The image ‘persists’ for short time. Take the pencil and hold it up in the air, gripping it about a third of the way along using your right hand finger and thumb. Hold it very loosely. Now waggle it up and down and the pencil will appear to be bending, as if it was made of rubber (you’ll need to practise a little to get the right effect). Our eyes see it in the up position, but before it can register on the brain, it’s moved to the down position, and then up again and so on. Our eyes can’t keep up with the movement. Explain that when we watch a film at the cinema, it is really a series of still images, each slightly different from the last. Because the images change quickly, our eyes can’t keep pace, so the images seem to combine and we think we see a moving picture. Part 2: A similar effect can be demonstrated using the card with the elastic bands. Ask a child to hold the ends of the elastic bands and pull a little to stretch them. Show that there is a different colour on each side of the card. Now ‘wind up’ the card by turning it over and over until it won’t turn any more. Let it go, and because our eyes can’t keep up with what we’re seeing, the colours seem to combine, making the blob appear orange. Part 3: Show the turntable and how it spins on the nail. Curl the stick man strip into a circle, fastening the ends with a piece of sticky tape, and sit the strip on the turntable. Ask a small group of children to come and stand with you. Tell them to look through the slits at the stick man pictures as you spin the turntable. As they watch, the man’s arms will appear to go up and down. Explain that this was a very popular Victorian toy called the zoetrope, and there are still versions of it on sale today. One is shown on page 44. And finally … Obviously, only a small group of children can observe the effect in your homemade zoetrope during this session, but it can always be sent around to the classes afterwards. Many children will probably be encouraged to make their own as it isn’t very difficult. There are also many other persistence of vision experiments to be found in books and on the internet. Diagram 1 Diagram Illustration Les Evans >
Animated Antics
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting OUTSTANDING TEACHING OUTSTANDING TEACHING
ANDY GRIFFITH AND MARK BURNS
ANDY GRIFFITH AND MARK BURNS THE OUTSTANDING TEACHING SERIES Education THIS BOOK IS ALL ABOUT HOW TO BE AN OUTSTANDING TEACHER AND HOW TO TEACH BACKWARDS It is a book about planning and teaching outstanding lessons. Not just once in a while but consistently. We know it’s possible because some teachers manage to achieve outstanding results year after year. These teachers are successful because they do something which we call teaching backwards. Teachers don’t have much spare time on their hands so this book is clear, concise, and practical. It’s packed with hints, tips and success stories and punctuated with reflective questions that invite teachers to slow down and do some thinking about how they currently teach, creating fantastic learning opportunities for both teacher and learner. This is the follow-up to the best-selling Outstanding Teaching: Engaging Learners It is based on the analysis of thousands of hours of primary and secondary lessons, part of Osiris Educational’s Outstanding Teaching Intervention (OTI) programme. Vintage Griffith and Burns: an impressive melding of anecdote and outstanding classroom practice, which provides countless strategies for ensuring that busy teachers see learning through their pupils’ eyes. Simultaneously compellingly readable and rigorously research-informed, this book is the unlikely but deeply attractive love-child of Wilbur Smith and Hilary Mantel.” Barry J Hymer, Professor of Psychology in Education, University of Cumbria The accessible, real-life nature of Teaching Backwards will undoubtedly encourage many practitioners to experiment with its techniques and produce better crafted and more stimulating lessons.” Graham Aldridge, Head Teacher, Range High School All teachers want to improve their practice and this book is essential reading. It is Practical! Practical! Practical! And packed with ideas you can immediately implement in the classroom alongside little pearls of wisdom in the form of memorable stories. Based in evidence, Teaching Backwards will make a difference to school leaders and teachers alike. A must read.” Carel Buxton, Executive Head Teacher, Redbridge Primary School and Snaresbrook Primary School Andy Griffith is the creator of the Outstanding Teaching Intervention (OTI) and is a director of MALIT Ltd. He has helped teachers and whole schools, both primary and secondary, move up to Ofsted’s Outstanding grade by offering practical advice and getting teachers to try new ways of working with their students. Andy has won a national training award and has written and consulted for a number of organisations including Comic Relief. @oteaching www.malit.org.uk Mark Burns is a leading trainer with Osiris Educational, a director of MALIT Ltd and has a wealth of experience from his twelve years of teaching. He contributed significantly to the development of the Outstanding Teaching Intervention (OTI) and his work with both individual teachers and schools has helped them move up Ofsted levels. This work has been recognised by Ofsted as well as being shortlisted for the TES Awards. @oteaching www.malit.org.uk THE OUTSTANDING TEACHING SERIES Backwards_FP_0815.indd 1 05/08/2015 10:42 WHY WE USE LEVELS The levels we use in this book provide clarity for busy teachers. We’ve lost count of the times that teachers have told us how helpful they find clear, well-defined success criteria, both for themselves and for their learners. These levels enable teachers to better assess their current stage of expertise and practice, helping them to understand what they need to do to get to the next level. Only when teachers realise the gap between where they currently are and where they need to be can they implement the strategies required to close those gaps. Our own experience over the last 10 years of working with thousands of teachers is that using levels really helps them to rapidly improve the quality and expertise of their teaching. The same is true for learners. As they understand their current level of expertise in terms of the knowledge, attitudes, skills, and habits required, they begin to see what they must do to ‘level up’. Once they are aware of the gaps in their learning, supported by their teacher, they can begin to work with strategies that will enable them to close those gaps. Feedback from countless teachers we’ve worked with on our Outstanding Teaching Interventions (OTI) programmes tells us this process works. The levels we use are: Level 1a = Outstanding Secure Level 1b = Outstanding Unsecure Level 2a = Good Secure Level 2b = Good Unsecure The level descriptors and term ‘levelling up’ originated in the Osiris Outstanding Teaching Intervention booklet, visit www.osiriseducational.co.uk. Backwards_0815.indd 6 05/08/2015 11:11 LEVEL 1A All learners have clarity on their current position and the quality of KASH they need to develop further in order to achieve their goal. Teachers and learners are highly skilled in giving and receiving feedback on how to improve. All learners routinely reflect and act on feedback. Teachers use feedback to adapt learning within lessons and in planning for future lessons. Both teacher and learners demonstrate excellent questioning of themselves and others. Collaboration adds greatly to learning and to learners’ ability to overcome challenges. The teacher and learners demonstrate high expectations in relation to quality of work and progress. LEVEL 1B Feedback is used to ensure that planning, both within and between lessons, accurately meets the needs of all learners. High levels of challenge predominate due to skilful questioning from both learners and teachers. All learners have clarity on their own gaps and are motivated to close them. As a consequence learners make rapid progress. The teacher uses effective strategies to develop the KASH of learners. Well-developed routines ensure learners have time to read and act on the high quality feedback given. Peer and self-assessment are developing. Learners can now identify specific ways in which to improve, and targetsetting is becoming owned by them. The teacher and nearly all learners have high expectations of progress and quality. LEVEL 2A Feedback from and about learners enables the teacher to adapt learning, both within and between lessons. This ensures that learning is challenging for all. Support is given for learners who are struggling to progress or who require higher levels of challenge. A feature of the level of challenge is the quality of teacher and learner questions. Effective written and verbal feedback from the teacher ensures all learners are clear on their next steps to improvement. The teacher is training learners to identify these steps themselves. The teacher demonstrates high expectations of learners in terms of progress and quality of work, and this is beginning to be adopted by the class. Learners make good progress. LEVEL 2B The teacher plans and provides learning using evidence from some aspects of the available assessment data and other feedback. Within the lesson, the teacher reshapes tasks based on feedback in order to improve learning. Most learners understand how well they are doing and the next steps they need to take in order to make progress using the teacher’s feedback. Teacher questioning helps to both extend learners and get feedback on their progress. The teacher is working to develop the KASH of learners so they can work at higher levels. The teacher has high expectations for the class. Backwards_0815.indd 05/08/2015 11:11 Number of customers 7.00 0 10 30 60 70 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 Time In this example, a day in the supermarket, learners were asked to interpret the information in the bar chart and place the cards where they believed each of the events would most likely have taken place. 1 Anita, a shop assistant, arrives to help open the store. 2 The shop manager asks, ‘Do you want to go and have your lunch? It’s quite quiet now.’ 3 The queues at the tills are getting longer. 4 There are no loaves left on the shelves. 5 Mary is in a panic as her 3-year-old daughter has wandered off somewhere in the busy store. All the shelves are full of food. 7 A delivery driver struggles to get past all of the parked cars in the car park. 8 Leon starts work to refill the shelves for the next day 9 Anna drops into the shop on her way to work to buy a sandwich. 10 There are plenty of spaces in the car park. 11 ‘Mum, Mum, can we get some sweets?’ say the children on their way home from school. Backwards_0815.indd 198 05/08/2015 11:12 LEARNING ATTITUDES AND SKILLS Flow Anxiety Low High High CHALLENGE Boredom Apathy As we can see in the graph above, different combinations of challenge and skill produce a variety of responses. When challenge is low, learning states ranging from boredom to apathy can occur. When skills use is low, learning states can range from apathy to anxiety. Csikszentmihalyi’s studies of schools in the United States indicated that students were in a state of apathy for 28% of the time during their lessons. From our own experience of schools, typical activities that produced boredom and apathy in us included traditional dictation, irrelevant worksheets, too much teacher talk, head teacher assemblies and dull comprehension exercises. Getting into state of flow was much rarer experience for us. We mostly experienced flow when away from school. Engaging 0419.indd 11 17/04/2019 13:11 169 Appendix 1: Tuckman’s Group Development Model In 1965, Dr Bruce Tuckman created a group development model known as Forming–Storming–Norming–Performing. His model charts the different stages teams must go through in order to become effective. Many things must happen as a team matures. Better relationships will become established within the group and the leader’s role will change too. In particular, the leader will shift from directive style to a coaching role, finally becoming more of participating colleague. By this time, the leader’s role is mainly to encourage direction and vision and to delegate tasks and duties. The group will be pretty well leading themselves. Tuckman’s model was developed primarily with business and professional organisations in mind but has clear relevance for learning environments. The model shows how step by step we can influence individuals to move from a situation where they are far from working at their best, to becoming an effective and collaborative group where all are making rapid individual and collective progress. Forming Storming Norming Performing Engaging 0419.indd 169 IN A NUTSHELL Poor student motivation is a real issue for teachers. Extrinsic motivation is often necessary to contain a class and build norms that will help them to become motivated learners. To go beyond the contain stage so that learners can become entertained and enlightened students need to become intrinsically motivated. Learning which fosters combinations of relevance, fun, curiosity, challenge, rapport, imagination, choice and competence can transform pupil engagement and get them into flow. FOR MORE INFORMATION … Howard Gardner, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences (New York: Basic Books, 1983). Ged Lombard, Motivational Triggers: Motivating the Disaffected (Trowbridge: Lifetime Careers, 2003). Carl Rogers, On Becoming A Person: A Therapist’s View of Psychotherapy (London: Constable and Co., 1961). Find great resources on motivating the most disengaged students at: www.independentpsychologyservice.co.uk. We admire the wisdom of Professor Howard Williamson who has led excellent longitudinal studies into the link between social deprivation and motivation. This site also gives information about excellent youth projects around the UK: www.youthstudies.eu. Engaging 0419.indd 90 17/04/2019 13:12 Engaging 0419.indd 91 17/04/2019 13:12 ICONS USED THROUGHOUT THE BOOK CATER: Throughout this book, we will be asking you to reflect on how you plan for and teach different learners with different learning needs. The CATER (community, assistance, tasks, extension, and resources) framework supports you to differentiate across a number of factors that aid in the development of all the learners in the class. Like Aunt Ethel’s meal, we’ll ask you to consider how you are CATERing for their different needs. We use this acronym to encourage you to think about how better to meet your learners’ differing requirements. ■ Community The essence of a strong community is togetherness. It’s a place where people support each other when they need help. A strong classroom is no different. We ask how you are building a community where learners are collaborating and supporting each other in order to overcome challenges. For example, one teacher we know has instilled in his class the importance of being as one using the mantra, ‘we leave no one behind’. ■ Assistance How will teachers and other adults, such as teaching assistants, vary their approach to support the needs of different groups of learners? For example, a teacher who asked his teaching assistant to provide detailed feedback to a group of learners who were all struggling with the same maths problem. ■ Tasks Teachers need to ensure that the tasks they set provide their learners with appropriate levels of challenge. If learning lacks challenge then learners make little progress, and the same will be true if the challenge level is too high. Given that learners are likely to have different starting points, this could mean that some learners are working on different tasks. ■ Extension (stretch). Extension refers to the raft of strategies a teacher might use to stretch learners further after they have completed a classroom challenge. Creating opportunities for learners to go beyond their current level will extend them even more. For example, a primary teacher who created a Mission Impossible corner’ When learners finish their classwork early, they go here to find tasks that will stretch them to another level. The learners see this as a challenge to rise to. In a secondary class, a teacher might invite her GCSE learners to work at an AS level task. ■ Resources (support). Some learners will need additional tools or resources to help them to overcome the challenge they are currently working on. Without these additional resources the level of difficulty will simply be too high for them. For example, a teacher who produced a literacy mat (or writing frame) to help his learners. Reflection points: Here we suggest you reflect on your current practice and think about how you might challenge or change it. When you see this icon, take a little time to ask yourself whether these suggestions could improve or enhance your performance as a teacher. Eureka moments: Here we offer inspirational ideas and case studies from other teachers’ experiences. These practitioners have achieved eureka moments by trying out new ideas. Why not consider trying them too? Level up: Here we suggest ways to ‘level up’ your teaching. When you see this icon, consider how you might use the idea to level up the teaching and the learning in your classroom. 144 OUTSTANDING TEACHING ENGAGING LEARNERS using it all year?’ We prefer consensus rather than democracy because everyone in the class needs to buy into the rules. Give every student a copy of the final agreement and ask them to sign it. Explain that a signature on a contract is legally binding. It’s also a good idea to have a copy of the agreement on the classroom wall. Invite students with good art skills to make this. Then stress again that these are their rules and invite them to police it wherever possible for themselves. These ground rules can become very powerful in encouraging your students to be the best they can be and create powerful and workable social norms that encourage good learning habits. USING TEAMWORK RUBRICS Just as the phrase ‘try harder’ means different things to different students, so does the word ‘teamwork’. This is where teamwork rubrics can help. Using such a document for all their teamwork activities enables students to have a better idea of their current level of teamwork skills and what they can do to improve. Teamwork rubrics can be broken down into five areas and four levels. What follows is a brief overview. The full teamwork rubric can be found in Appendix 2. The five areas are: 1 Focusing on the task. 2 Problem-solving. 3 Research and information sharing. 4 Listening, questioning and discussing. 5 Organisation and work habits. Each area can be developed separately or in combination with other areas. For example, when developing the skills of your students in the area of organisation and work habits this part of the rubric can help them rate their competence and set targets for improvement. The four levels are: Level 1 (highest) You play a key part in team planning and you meet every personal target that the team has set you. You meet all deadlines, your attendance is perfect and you always show a positive attitude about the task and working with others. You are completely reliable. IS THIS THE SAME CLASS AS LAST TERM? 145 Level 2 You play a part in team planning and you meet most personal targets that the team has set you. You meet most deadlines, your attendance is high and you always show a positive attitude about the task and working with others. You are mostly reliable. Level 3 You play a small part in team planning and you meet some of your personal targets that the team has set you. You meet most deadlines, your attendance is good and you mostly show a positive attitude about the task and working with others. Level 4 You play no part in team planning but you do meet some of your personal targets that the team has set you. You are not always reliable. After the students assess their current level of teamwork they can set themselves targets for improvement. This can also be done by classmates and/or by their teacher. THE EVALUATION WHEEL The evaluation wheel is a simple but effective way of getting students to assess their own contribution as well as the contribution of others in their group. Communicating ideas Taking action Feeling comfortable Having fun Decision-making Working with others Note You can download the evaluation wheel template at http://osiriseducational.co.uk/outstandingteaching/resources. To assess self or others, students should colour in each segment in the inner circle proportionately to show how successfully the indicator was met. Colouring a tip of the wedge represents it being hardly met; colouring the whole wedge represents it being completely OUTSTANDING TEACHING A ND y Gr I ff ITH AND M A rk B U r T HE O UTSTANDING T EACHING S E r IES
Foreword by Professor John Hattie
Based on the authors’ company branding using a mixture of stock, bespoke vector and some commissioned images.
An artful and articulate guide that links together the golden threads which run through Shakespeare’s work and highlights how teachers can best explore these with students.
The more you explore the plays of Shakespeare, the more you realise how they are an interrelated network of ideas and themes – linked to his context, his audience and his understanding of the world. In this book, Zoe Enser aims to equip busy teachers with the core knowledge that will enable them to make links between the themes, characters, language and allusions in Shakespeare’s oeuvre.
Each chapter includes tips on how to bring his plays to life in the classroom, and features case studies from practising teachers in a range of contexts to illustrate how they can ensure that their students develop an appreciation of his work – moving beyond the requirements of exams and empowering them to engage in the discussion around his influence and enduring appeal. Suitable for teachers of English in all phases.
Bringing Forth the Bard is erudite yet accessible, comprehensive yet pacey, and brimming with clever theory yet eminently practical.
Mark Roberts, teacher of English, Carrickfergus Grammar School, and author of You Can’t Revise for GCSE English! Bloom argues Shakespeare shapes the way we think about the world; this book shapes the way I think about Shakespeare. It is a triumph.
Amy Staniforth, Assistant Principal, Iceni Academy, and co-author of Ready to Teach: Macbeth
Whether you are teaching Shakespeare for the first time or searching for renewed inspiration, Bringing Forth the Bard will prove to be an insightful and invigorating read. Christopher Such, author of The Art and Science of Teaching Primary Reading
A tour de force: an essential guide to help ensure that our students receive the best teaching when it comes to approaching Shakespeare.
Stuart Pryke, co-author of Ready to Teach: Macbeth
Bringing Forth the Bard convinces us that Shakespeare is still relevant to young people in today’s classrooms, and that study of his works can be part of the all-important inclusivity agenda.
Chris Green, Trustee and Director, British Shakespeare Association, and Chair of the BSA Education committee
Zoe Enser was a classroom teacher for 20 years, during which time she was also a head of English and a senior leader with a responsibility for staff development and school improvement. She is now the lead specialist English adviser for Kent working with The Education People and is an evidence lead in education (ELE). Zoe also writes for TES and is the co-author of Fiorella & Mayer’s Generative Learning in Action and The CPD Curriculum
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Chapter 1
Bringing Forth His World Context, Influences and Inspirations
A plague upon you, murderers, traitors all! (Lear, V, iii, 272)
Why teach it?
The world Shakespeare presents to us can often feel quite remote from our modern perspective, located at a time when things seem alien to our own everyday lives and experiences. Whilst this means immersing ourselves in his stories can provide something of a welcome relief – an escape from reality, as with all fiction – for many of our students this can be a significant barrier. To them the noughties can feel like more lifetimes ago than they can begin to imagine, and the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods may as well be on the moon. This, further compounded by the seemingly impenetrable language, can lead to a perfect storm of confusion.
There are also many misconceptions about his world that have been embedded by popular media, our merging and shifting understanding in the historical or literary world, or even by partially understood snippets of history that have pervaded our society. A quick google brings up questions such as, ‘Did Shakespeare know Queen Victoria?’, ‘Did all men wear tights in Shakespeare’s time?’ and ‘Did they all speak like this?’ Students have even had the audacity to wonder if I had met him! All students will have heard of him, but his world, his writing and his importance are wrapped up within cultural understanding of what these were as opposed to the historical or literary truth insofar as we can understand it. This makes it all the more important that we devote some time to exploring context with our students. This will also enrich their
Bringing Forth the
A Guide to Teaching Shakespeare in the English Classroom
Foreword by Professor Emma Smith
Bringing Forth the
Bard
A Guide to Teaching Shakespeare in the English Classroom
Zoe Enser
Bringing Forth His Language
Bringing Forth the Bard
the play and Duncan having ‘so much blood’ (Macb. V, i, 43) in him, are all key moments in the play. Duncan, being of royal blood, sees his ‘silver skin lac’d with his golden blood’ (Macb, II, iii, 119). When we first hear of Macbeth on the battlefield, the account is that of a blood-soaked scene, where Macbeth’s sword is ‘smok’d with bloody execution’ (Macb. I, ii, 18) and Macbeth ultimately knows ‘blood will have blood’ (Macb., III, iv, 122). Lady Macbeth calls on the spirits to ‘make thick my blood’ (Macb. I, v, 44) to give her the courage and cruelty to commit her sin against Duncan and even the potion the witches concoct include blood as two main ingredients; that of the sow and the baboon (Macb. IV, i, 4–45).
Each of these moments can be explored alone, but by considering how blood has become a symbol or motif in the play, we can begin to see more elements of conscious crafting. Shakespeare wanted his audience and his reader to be constantly reminded of the violence, the passion, the murder and the loss of a bloodline throughout the play, once again returning us to anxieties around royal lineage, very much at the fore having reached the end of one royal line with Elizabeth’s demise. Each moment is of course closely linked to key contextual points, and we consider the implications for his audience as well as our modern readings of this.
English teacher Matthew Lynch also spends time tracing motifs through language, as outlined in his case study here:
When I introduce the idea of motif in literature, I use a sewing analogy with an illustration, like so:
I explain to students that the author wields the needle and the various threads are themes or big ideas the author weaves into the fabric of their text, whereas a motif is the visible stitching of a thread that keeps surfacing; a recurrent symbol or use of imagery which serves to contribute to a text’s overarching theme.
For me, the appeal of teaching motifs is two-fold: primarily they are, by definition, a distinctive recurring idea, symbol, concept or structural feature, meaning the pattern is one which younger readers of Shakespeare can quite easily identify. Secondly, because they can be
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This book celebrates the superhero of the classroom: the
teacher
would defy any teacher or would-be teacher not to be uplifted by this important book.
Sir Anthony Seldon
Simultaneously an insightful handbook and an inspirational guide for all teachers.
Dr James McGrath, Senior Lecturer in Literature and Creative Writing, Leeds Beckett University
A useful resource for teachers in their early career and for the mentors who support them.
Full of enthusiasm, fun and practical ideas.
Julie McBrearty, Principal, Welland Park Academy
Paul Matthias, National Director, Hays Education
This book leaves you inspired to be a better teacher. Pippa Procter, Primary Course Director, Durham SCITT
Shines a light on real teachers, their tireless and motivational work, and how they make a difference every day to so many.
Tim Sutcliffe, Chief Executive Officer, Symphony Learning Trust
through their business Decisive Element, they have delighted audiences with their presentations based on the six successful books they have co-authored. www.decisive-element.co.uk @PositiveWeather
more readily identified, they are traceable – thus helping students to navigate a complex text, enabling them to better understand the play’s central concerns or big ideas. Two fascinating motifs in Macbeth are the motif of birds and the motif of hands, both of which I have recorded presentations on as part of Litdrive’s free online CPD (continuing professional development) programme.8 So, how might we track a motif across a literature text? I have previously used a simple table with success, like the ones below:
Tracking the bird motif in Shakespeare’s Macbeth Act/Scene
Tracking the hands motif in Shakespeare’s Macbeth
8 Matthew Lynch, ‘Macbeth: The Motif of Birds’, Litdrive (7 November 2020). Available at: https://litdrive.org.uk/remotecpd/m-lynch-macbeth-motif-of-birds.
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Mrs Oakland
As teachers, we never know what impact we have on our pupils. Bethany remembers the difficulties she was having in her first year at the school with playing a particular piece for a short show she was in about the Egyptians. She was really worried that she was going to mess it up, but Sally took her to one side and went through it with her slowly until she had got it. Sally never gave up on her, even when she was wobbling. Going from strength to strength from that moment on, Bethany played the flute in every subsequent school show. On one of the end-of-year trips to Alton Towers, Sally joined a group of students, all of whom had been heavily involved in the music department, on the Congo River Rapids. Inevitably of course they all got soaked. Bethany bought the obligatory photograph and still has it in a keyring which she keeps on her desk all these years later. That’s some impact! Bethany still keeps in touch with Sally and actually returned to the school to play in the band during the summer show. She sat next to Sally, who was playing the violin. Bethany regards it as one of the greatest privileges of her life to play alongside someone who was such an inspiration to her. She would like to say a huge thank you to Sally for helping her to become the person she is today by supporting her academically and pastorally throughout her time at the school. She knows that she wouldn’t be where she is today without Sally Oakland.
Bethany, present day Bethany during early high school days
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Celebrating Teachers Sally, still performing
The difference?
Chris is a modest sort of fellow and in his time taught somewhere in the region of 30,000 lessons. Now, being the sort of chap that he is, he wouldn’t lay claim to them all being absolute classics, but he would be disappointed if the overall tally of pretty decent lessons wasn’t a healthy one. It is a source of never-ending wonderment to him that whenever he meets up with former students and they reminisce about the old times, when asked what they remember in particular, they wax lyrical about the trips to Paris which he organised, they bristle with pride at the mere mention of the school productions which he led or the nail-biting finishes to cricket matches for which he trained them. Not a mention of one of those fabrications of fantasy formed out of the elixir of excellence which were his lessons! Not one!
For many, many young people it is those extracurricular experiences of trips, clubs, shows or sporting fixtures which stay in the mind long after the poetry of their lessons has evaporated into the mists of memory. We had an interesting experience doing some training for a school in France. One of the differences we found between what happens here and what happens there was that there was much more of a focus there on just the academic diet, to the exclusion – we felt – of all the extracurricular activities which oil the wheels of schools in the UK
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Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting
Guide to Teaching Shakespeare
Classroom Zoe
Zoe Enser
A
in the English
Enser
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Bringing Forth the Bard www.crownhouse.co.uk Education Teaching Skills and Techniques English Language and Literacy Secondary
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Character(s)
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Type of bird Quotation
associated with this bird
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Act/Scene Reference to hand Quotation Character or moment associated with hands Significance of the
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hands as
Making a Difference Gary Toward and Chris Henley Gary Toward and Chris Henley Teachers Celebrating Making a Difference Teachers Celebrating www.crownhouse.co.uk Education Teaching Skills and Techniques Gary Toward and Chris Henley believe that teaching is the best and most important profession. Now, you might argue that it would be medicine that should take that accolade – as medics save lives and mend people. But teachers create lives and ‘make’ people. They, in fact, create medics! Teachers make a difference, and often that difference is life-changing. In this book, Gary and Chris look at some of the many cases where such a difference has been made and examine exactly what it was about the teacher that made such an impact on the life of the young person – and they also highlight the key approaches that teachers might want to try out in their own classroom, with their own pupils. The authors link the real-life case study stories to what educational research and cognitive science tell us, and point the way for all teachers to adopt, adapt and develop these effective strategies and approaches in their own practice. An uplifting and insightful read for all teachers and educators Gary Toward and Chris Henley have over 70 years’ collective experience in leading and teaching in schools, and have been colleagues for over 30 years. In the last five years,
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Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting Julie Warburton Teaching with flowers Education www.independentthinkingpress.com Teaching with flowers Mick Waters introduces Julie Warburton and For a blooming curriculum For a blooming curriculum ICT Maths English Science Art History Music Geography Have you ever tried teaching with flowers in your classroom? If the answer is no, you have been missing out on an exciting and hands-on approach to the curriculum which captures children’s imaginations and builds important skills and subject knowledge. The challenge for teachers is to find imaginative ways to bring alive the subject matter prescribed in programmes of study. Julie Warburton has provided everything you need to get started; discover for yourself the transformative effects of teaching with flowers in this imaginative, thoughtful and beautiful book. Julie Warburton taught in an inner-city school, before moving on to school management. Through her work with the Black Country Challenge she has addressed the wider educational agenda as a teaching and learning consultant, working with a range of primary and secondary schools on transition and literacy. This book is the cross-pollination of her two passions: education and flowers. bloomingcurriculum.com As an enthusiastic botanist, I really hope that Teaching with flowers will help to raise the profile of the environmental, scientific and cultural value of plants; sowing the seeds of interest in the plant kingdom at an early age is a vital first step. Dr Phil Gates, botanist and naturalist, @seymourdaily Stunningly illustrated, this book combines the intricate discipline of floristry with the wonder and opportunity of the classroom. The multi-sensory world of flowers is used as a living textbook to inspire and motivate children right across the curriculum. Juno Hollyhock, Executive Director, Learning through Landscapes This gloriously illustrated and clearly written book will do much to feed the souls of those many teachers who, after decades of almost exclusive emphasis on the functional and the measurable, yearn for fresh perspectives. Dr Bill Gent, Associate Editor, REToday magazine, Associate Fellow, Warwick Religions and Education Research Unit Teaching with flowers is a new addition to the ‘Mick Waters introduces’ series. Mick is perhaps best known as former Director of Curriculum at QCA (Qualifications and Curriculum Authority) and in this series of books he introduces a selection of the very best in practical resources for the curriculum. Blooming_FP.indd 10/10/2014 14:21 Chapter 3 Care and conditioning for cut flowers Fill your buckets with about 20 cm of water and add flower food if appropriate. Using your stem stripper or hands (this is my preference as gives you more control and causes less damage to the stem – thorny roses are my only exception), remove any leaves that would sit below the water line so that Cut the ends of each stem at 45 degree angle (make sure you cut between the nodes on carnations as they will not be able to take up water if cut on the node). This widens the surface area of the stem and allows the flower to draw up more water. Place the flowers immediately into the water, taking care not to overcrowd them. Keep the buckets in cool, dark location until you are ready to you do this the day before you begin arranging as it will give the flowers plenty of time to hydrate. These are the general care and conditioning requirements of flowers, but some are fussier than others. If in doubt, consult florist, website or book Flowers: A Practical Guide to their by Su Whale You will need: 1–4 good size buckets (depending on the number Floristry scissors Secateurs for tough, woody Stem stripper (optional) 38 Teaching with flowers Vocabulary Along with the key vocabulary provided in each ‘Let’s learn about …’ session, the arrangements themselves also offer opportunities for developing children’s vocabulary. Listed below are few pointers and key words you could include: ✿ Teach and use the Latin names of flowers which, in turn, will ultimately lead the children to a greater understanding of classification. The names can appear tricky, but children pick them up with no problem and actually enjoy using the correct terminology. ✿ Use botanical terms for flowers as you handle them (e.g. stem, petal, tepal, sepal, stamen, carpel, calyx, corolla) and discuss the causes and effects of, for example, transpiration and phototropism. Talk maths as you cut and place stems at angles, consider the surface area of cut stems, measure and estimate, think in proportions (generally thirds) and fractions, and achieve the correct balance by considering height, length, weight and placement of flowers in a design. Evaluate the design with vocabulary such as form, line, texture, colour, harmony, contrast, perspective, gradation, assembly and structure. Linking the flower arrangements and ‘Let’s learn about …’ sessions Although each arrangement has been designed specifically to fit with one ‘Let’s learn about …’ activity, many of the arrangements can arrangement appearing in pink and related arrangements in green. At the end of each set of arrangement instructions, I have included some ideas and questions you could use with children to link the arrangements with the ‘Let’s learn about …’ sessions, but feel free to find your own links too! 39 Working with the blooming curriculum Flower Arrangements Nature’s Colour Wheel p. 44 Cottage Garden p. 48 Striking Strelitzia p. 52 Sunflowers 56 Six Yellow Flowers 60 Herbal Tussie-Mussie 64 Mask Your Feelings 70 Peace Wreath 74 Test Tubes p. 80 Woodland Wall Hanging 86 Fantasy Island 92 Fabulous Flower Badge 98 Let’s Learn About … The Colour Wheel p. 106 ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` p. 125 ` Holocaust Symbolism p. 131 ` Killers and Cures ` ` p. 144 ` Staying Alive p. 149 ` The Birds and the Bees p. 155 ` ` A Career in Floristry p. 165 ` Teaching with flowers ✿ Wrap wool and/or decorative wire around the cardboard to decorate and bind the two pieces together. Go backwards and forwards a couple of times and lengthways too if you wish. Knot the wool when you have finished and glue few buttons down both sides of the short edges of the cardboard to hide your staples. ✿ Bend the cardboard into your desired shape, which should be stable when standing up, and briefly put to one side as you prepare your test tubes. Decorate the test tubes with wool. Leaving little extra length to knot at the end, wrap the wool around and down the tube and then back up again. Knot the ends and cut off any excess. Do this for each test tube. You could use one colour wool or mix of colours if you like. The flower arrangements ✿ Next, make the wire test tube holders. Take length of paper covered wire and, placing the top of test tube in the middle of the wire, twist the wire once or twice and bend the rest down the length of the test tube to create a spine. Cut off any wire that hangs below the test tube. Push the wire spine into the top of your frame in the gap between the two pieces of cardboard. Place the test tubes in groups and at slightly varying heights to add interest to your design. ✿ Fill the test tubes with water and insert your flowers and grass. You can put more than one flower in test tube. For final bit of flair, insert your Midelino sticks into the test tubes to create another point of interest. The Colour Wheel Aprons at the ready as the children explore the world of colour and colour schemes! Main subjects covered Art and design Resources you might need Jars of water Red, yellow, blue, white and black paints Slim-tipped paintbrushes Colour wheel templates (or compasses, protractors and Painting paper Some useful words you might like to use Colour harmony Complementary colours Monochromatic Near complementary Polychromatic Secondary colours Segments Tertiary colours Tetradic Triadic Value protractor Angles Blooming_180714.indd 106 RE RED-ORANGE ORA GE WOLEY L L WEGNARO LLEY -W EER G EE EULNEERGUL LLET VOLET R D- IO T Blooming_180714.indd 107 KILLER CURE Monkshood Lavender Nasty rash Swellings Soothes insect bites, burns, cuts Burning tongue Being sick Paralysis Aids sleep and relaxation The following table provides a few ideas for plants you could use. You could also give the flower names to the children and Deadly nightshade Elderflower Geranium Foxglove Lavender The children must place the cards on the sugar paper under the correct headings and match the appropriate picture with the information. Now play the ‘being an apothecary’ game in which the children get to cure or diagnose symptoms by choosing the correct flower. Not only does this game reinforce the learning in point number 5, but it is also an opportunity for the children to learn about different parts of the body. For the ‘curing’ section of the game, patient might walk into the surgery with, say, a kidney problem. From a multiple choice selection, the ‘apothecary’ has to decide which of dandelion, geranium or henbane will cure the patient. Include killer flower among the choices (in this case henbane) to make it really critical for the apothecary to choose the correct flower. Keep tally for how many were killed and cured! The ‘diagnosing symptoms’ section of the game runs along similar principles, only this time the apothecary has to try and identify what caused the symptoms from multiple choice selection of flowers. For example, patient walks into the surgery with dilated pupils and blurry vision. Have they eaten lavender, deadly nightshade or lily of the valley? Again, keep a tally of how many the children diagnose correctly. Variations: Points number 8 and 9 could be whole-class activity using PowerPoint slides or could be turned into a 10 The children are now in position to make their own medicinal tussie-mussie with the knowledge that it will cure and not kill! Some things you might like to discuss ✿ What flowers are used in medicine today? What has this session taught you about the nature of flowers? ✿ How has your attitude to flowers and herbs been changed by this session? ✿ What surprised you most about the killer flowers? What flowers would you like to know more about? Learning to go Encourage the children to grow their own cures by cultivating medicinal herb garden. Suggest they have cup of Extra English: own age. They could include drawings and photos, the common and Latin names of plants, as well as showing how they kill and cure. to their own country if they wish, or they could just focus on killers they are feeling particularly gory! A fraction of maths: Using the results from their tally chart in point numbers and 9, get the children to create bar graph. was their success/failure ratio? Get them to determine how successful they were as an apothecary. They could also create and worst at what were the percentages? 16 Teaching with flowers beliefs, ceremony, performing, appreciating different traditions, improvising, composing Dance, developing traditions, choreography dance Geography Spanish numbers, shapes English Reading non-fiction texts folktale narrative and celebrations around the world How plant and conditions, including what this Time p. 149 and charities that work peace. Science: plants grow, transpiration, tropisms, science Maths Writing equations delivering speech prefixes and suffixes Historical sources, significant point in history, challenges wider world Geography Locational knowledge, maps, population Understanding and presenting reasoning, comparing, looking rounding numbers English Delivering persuasive speech, making writing making inferences, predicting and comprehending, discussing fiction, setting, plot and character Let’s learn about … Teaching with flowers and the national curriculum English: Studying and using alliteration, rhymes, fields, adjectives) impact the reader, retrieving, recording information, writing for purpose, instruct for magazine PSHE: Exploring sources, capability design: Looking groupings ICT: Web design Maths: Working out costings using addition, subtraction, percentages and fractions Habitats, adaptation, classification, eco-systems Geography: understanding and of using records, sketches, drawing maps Maths Floral data English fiction, floral logbook and plant and floristry Botany flower, reproduction Shapes, particularly and obtuse angles, working circumference and English play, The Birds and the Bees p. 155 The botany of flower and reproduces Where the Wild Things Are p. 161 Habitats around the world and Let’s learn about … 30 Teaching with flowers Craspedia Daffodil ` Eremurus ` Mimosa ` Sunflower Tulip Asclepia ` ` ` ` Celosia ` ` Eremurus ` Physalis Ranunculus Tulip 31 Making changes: flower colour and seasonality Anemone ` Celosia ` ` ` Hypericum ` ` ` ` Peony Ranunculus ` ` Tulip ` Alpinia Amaryllis ` Consolida ` ` Hyacinth ` ` Stock Tulip Teaching with flowers You will need: Flowers and foliage stems of standard chrysanthemum ‘Shamrock’ (the lime-green colour is important in this vibrant colours in the design) stems of craspedia stems of orange gerbera Equipment and sundries strips of cardboard approximately 180-gauge wires no more than 55 cm in length pieces of brightly coloured organza or fabric Stapler Wool lengths of paper-covered wire test tubes (plastic are cheaper than glass) Test Tubes Experiment with bright colours in this souped-up, sci-fi, pop art arrangement, proving there is more than one way to keep flowers alive (inspired by Jessica and Victoria Richards design). The flower arrangements ✿ To make your frame, lay out both strips of cardboard and place two of the 180-gauge wires on top of each piece so they look like train lines. Cover the gauge wires with double-sided sticky tape. Remove the backing and wrap your chosen piece of material around each strip of cardboard. Don’t worry about any flaps of material – you will bind these in with the decorative wire and wool later on. ✿ Staple your two pieces of cardboard together at the ends only, with the best sides facing outwards. Blooming_180714.indd 104 Chapter Let’s learn about … The Colour Wheel 106 In the Pink or Got the Blues? 117 Change and Transition 121 Flowers in Art p 125 Holocaust Symbolism p 131 Killers and Cures p 136 Let’s Celebrate p 140 p Staying Alive p p Where the Wild Things Are p A Career in Floristry p Blooming_180714.indd 105 The colour harmony cards Mono, meaning one, is the use of hues, tints, colour wheel only--Colour harmony Analogous Definition This harmony is made up of three or four colours next to one another on the colour cannot have more than one primary colour in an analogous scheme Colour wheel Complementary Two colours that sit directly opposite one Colour harmony Split complementary Definition three colour combination. This harmony made up of one colour on the colour wheel complementary colour. There will always be at least one tertiary in this combination Colour wheel
Photography by Jane Hewitt >
MANY PARENTS FEEL AS IF THEY ARE COMPETING WITH SCREENS FOR THEIR CHILDREN’S ATTENTION.
They
yearn for tech-free time in which to reconnect, but don’t know how to shift the balance.
In The Board Game Family, teacher and educationalist Ellie Dix aims to help fellow parents by inviting them and their families into the unplugged and irresistible world of board games. The benefits of board gaming are far-reaching: playing games develops interpersonal skills, boosts confidence, improves memory formation and cognitive ability, and refines problem-solving and decision-making skills. With these rewards in mind, Ellie shares a wealth of top tips and stealthy strategies that parents can draw upon to unleash the potential of those dusty game boxes at the back of the cupboard and become teachers of outstanding gamesmanship –equipped to navigate the unfolding drama of competition, thwart the common causes of arguments and bind together a happier, more socially cohesive family unit.
Ideal for all parents of 8–18-year-olds who want to breathe new life into their family time.
The Board Game Family will help you make board gaming, whether it be in the form of quick 20-minute fillers or full-on gaming marathons, a natural and easy part of your family life.
Sue Atkins, parenting expert on ITV’s This Morning and author of Parenting Made Easy: How to Raise Happy Children
If all you get from your kids is a grunt before they disappear to their rooms, this book is full of ideas to get you all talking, laughing and playing together again.
YOUR CHILDREN FROM THE SCREEN
Anita Cleare, parenting coach and author of the Thinking Parenting blog ELLIE
A teacher and educationalist, and former co-owner and director of Pivotal Education, Ellie Dix has been obsessed with board games from an early age. Ellie firmly believes that board games have positively influenced her ability to solve problems, manage failure and experiment with multiple paths to success – and she now puts her teaching skills, understanding of behaviour and experience with gamification to use by helping parents to introduce board games to family life.
www.thedarkimp.com
CHAPTER 1
DISRUPT YOUR THINKING
Home truths to get to grips with.
The amount of information and advice that is thrown at us when we become parents is enormous. It can often seem like any decision we make is the wrong one. There is always someone ready to criticise or contradict, usually armed with a barrage of stories to back up their point of view. Doubt and guilt go hand in hand with parenting. As children grow, the challenges change. Dealing with teens and pre-teens can feel like we are navigating our way through a minefield, blind.
But, as a parent, you know your children better than anyone else and you are the person who is the most qualified to bring them up. Gather information, listen to advice, but make your own decisions about what will work with your family in your home. Be confident with your choices, even if those around you are making different ones.
To help you make parenting choices that will enable you to reclaim family time and play more together, here are my home truths. Grasp these and you’ll pull your family closer rather than drifting apart as your children mature.
HOME TRUTH 1: THE WAY YOU USED TO PARENT
WON’T WORK NOW
Parenting needs to grow as our children do. Children have a way of going through rapid bursts of development, particularly when they hit puberty, and these changes can sneak up on parents and catch us unawares. It is really hard to let go of how we used to parent, especially if we’ve been successful in the past. Therefore, it is important to be as reflective and self-aware as possible.
15
concerned about what the future might hold, and demonstrate how – with the right support and positive parenting skills – their children can grow up to surprise and delight them.
It is really important that we provide young people with the support they need to succeed, and to understand dyslexia as a different and brilliant way of thinking. Alternative thinking can spur creativity and innovation and has the power to change the world. This book shows how with the right support, young people can maximise their potential.
Sir Richard Branson, business magnate, investor, philanthropist and founder of the Virgin Group Most parents worry about how to bring up their children, especially if they worry that their child is in any way different. This book offers both comfort and insight to those in this position. It will really help parents, teachers and others relate to and better support those children who are different. A definite book to read!
Sir Anthony Seldon, Vice-Chancellor, University of Buckingham
www.crownhouse.co.uk
Parenting
Cover photographs © Jane Hewitt, 2018. Audiobook now available from Audible and iBooks
My Child_FP_0819.indd 1
www.crownhouse.co.uk
Parenting Hobbies, quizzes and games Board games
DELIBERATE STEALTH
By playing solo puzzles and games in prominent positions around the house, you’ve begun to use deliberate stealth tactics to influence the behaviour of your family. You’re now going to turn this up a notch.
The natural next step is to tackle a two-player game. Select the person in the household who you think is most likely to be receptive. This may be your partner or one of the children. If nobody fits the bill, rope in a friend, a neighbour, or a member of your extended family. Your aim is twofold: firstly, you need to convey the message that games are appealing and really fun, and secondly, you need to normalise the activity within the home. Many games have two-player variants, but some have been specifically designed for two.
If you like trick-taking card games, for example, have a look at Claim The Fox in the Forest for intriguing new twists on the mechanism and beautiful artwork to go along with it. In Claim, the suits are factions of goblins, dwarves, knights, doppelgängers and the undead, all with differing abilities that affect whoever wins the trick. The cards you win in the first round become your hand for the second. In The Fox in the Forest, odd cards trigger special actions and you’re trying to take the most tricks, but if you take too many you end up scoring nothing. The advantage of having some good two-player games in the house is pretty obvious: you only need one other person to play with. In busy households, shared moments between two family members can be rare. Playing a two-player game can enable you to have short bursts of time with individuals, in which your focus is solely on them.
Try Hive for an easy to learn but satisfyingly thought-provoking game for two. The chunky tiles, which represent different insects, look good on the table and feel good in your hand. Your aim is to protect your own queen bee while attempting to capture your opponent’s by surrounding it on all sides to prevent escape. With all the options on the table and nothing hidden from view, the rest of the family can watch, advise and learn how to play, asking questions openly and taking part in tactical discussion. Hive is small enough to sit among the plates and bowls on your kitchen table and robust enough to be played while you eat. Unlike games containing cardboard components, you can’t do any damage to the Hive tiles. If they get coated in bolognese sauce, just rinse them. You could play one side of the table versus the other; each team making joint decisions about how to move. It doesn’t matter if you have uneven teams. During dinner you have a captive audience, so stealthily hook them in while they eat. You could run an experiment.
Time how long everyone stays at the table for dinner on a normal day, then time how long they stay when they are playing a game over dinner.
36
Bad winner Good winner
Provides lengthy explanations of the successful strategy and tactics, possibly demonstrated by a full-blown reconstruction, with accompanying PowerPoint presentation.
Immediately adopts the mantle of the expert to perform attacks on other people’s game play from a position of assumed authority, followed by step-by-step instructions of how they should have played.
Aims pointing, jeering and general derision at the losing players. Makes sweeping comments about being a board game god and how the minions should bow and grovel.
APPENDIX
Acknowledges the part that luck played in the victory and in others’ less successful outcomes.
Shows interest in other people’s strategies and begins positive discussions about individual tactics. Steers the conversation away from their own game play.
Shows humility.
Refuses to pack up the game, claiming that their victory provides immunity from this dull task. Offers to pack the game away so that others can leave the table.
Bad loser Good loser Bursts into a highly dramatic and very tearful tantrum, resulting in tear-stained playing cards and a snot-streaked board.
Makes a comment about being really disappointed and having hoped to be more successful.
Players Run time Themes Mechanics
221b Baker Street
2–6 90 minutes Murder mystery Deduction Roll and move In Victorian London the scene is set and there is a mystery to be solved. In this Sherlock Holmes detective game, there are 75
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1 Us, and Our Blue-Eyed
Boy
(The Calm Before the Storm)
The greatest gift a couple can give their baby is a loving relationship, because that relationship nourishes Baby’s development. John M. Gottman and Julie Schwartz Gottman, And Baby Makes Three
I come from a loving, caring family that does not judge. The values of giving and putting others first were instilled in me from an early age by both my parents. My memories of being a tween are of helping my mother run the shop at the local mental health hospital on the outskirts of Edinburgh. I loved playing shopkeeper, taking money and selling over the counter, although I realise now that the experiences I had there were more profound than I appreciated at the time. At this young age, I was interacting with adults with severe mental health disorders, and it was an important introduction for me to people with differences. Now in her late seventies, my mother still devotes herself to serving others: helping at the local hospice four days a week, which she says feels like a full-time job, and preparing teas at her local cricket club. My father is a born optimist, a sensitive and kindly man who inspires people around him. He has never been afraid to show emotion and is always one of the first to well up when he talks about how proud he is of his grandchildren. He connects well with people and always treats others with respect and kindness, making time to talk to everyone, from the cor-
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting
ELLIE
ELLIE DIX
DIX RECLAIM YOUR CHILDREN FROM THE SCREEN
DIX RECLAIM
intriguing cases in total. Use your powers of deduction as you travel around the city, collecting clues. Return to Baker Street once you have the correct solution. Careful though, some clues will be cryptic rather than factual, while others may be downright misleading! Obstructing and outwitting opponents as you race to solve the mystery is the aim of the game. 7 Wonders 3–7 30 minutes Ancient civilisation City building Card drafting Hand management Set collection Simultaneous action selection Played using cards on individual, double-sided boards, the aim is to gather resources, construct buildings, power up your military and develop trade routes as you rule one of the seven great cities of the ancient world. The game is played over three ages in time, using a different deck for each age. It uses the card-drafting mechanism, in which players select one card to play from their hand each turn, then pass the remainder on. Players reveal their chosen cards simultaneously, meaning you can’t predict what is going to happen.
Imp icons created
the colour added in Photoshop < < Elaine Halligan with contributions from Melissa Hood Foreword by Dr Laura Markham author of Peaceful Parent, Happy Kids and Peaceful Parent, Happy Siblings My Dif
lessons
from
family’s struggle to unlock their son’s
Elaine Halligan My Child’s f Dif erent f Society favours children, and adults, who conform. The notion that our children may be shunned for being ‘different’ breaks our hearts, but there is plenty we can do to help such children develop into thriving, resilient adults. In My Child’s Different Elaine Halligan shares the true story of her son Sam, who by the age of seven had been excluded from three schools and was later labelled with a whole host of conditions – ranging from autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) to pathological demand avoidance (PDA), before finally being diagnosed with dyslexia. He had become ‘the Alphabet Kid’. His family never gave up on him, however ... Drawing lessons from Sam’s transformational journey from difficult child to budding entrepreneur, Elaine has teamed up with parenting expert Melissa Hood to explore the enabling role parents can play in unlocking the potential of children who are seen as ‘different’ or ‘difficult’. Together they offer encouragement to parents who may be
Dark
by modifying the author’s company logo Cover photo without
erent Child’s The
learned
one
potential
27/08/2019 11:57
Botheredness on the door frame to trophies won by a girl who has never lived, the children have participated in a world born from a collected imagination. I suggest to the teacher that one piece of writing the class might do is a social worker’s report about Jimmy and his situation. Another could be Jimmy’s letter to Jenny.23 And maybe the surveyor’s report outlining the impact of coastal erosion on Jimmy’s cliff. We also talk about the need for knowledge and that the children must be taught about coastal erosion to navigate the narrative. I emphasise that the stories are not there to replace the formal teaching of a subject but, rather, be offered as a context to explore the topic or theme. This is where teachers are being invited to participate in a true creative act: the connecting of the seemingly unconnected – old people and coastal erosion; the history of a place with the geography of a place. We also talk about the fact that much of the session in class appeared to be a sort of ‘living comprehension’ where children were invited to infer, to reach up high to complex vocabulary that I modelled when I was using teacher-in-role as Jimmy – words like ‘bathed’ and ‘illuminated’. The observing teachers also recognised the spaces where the children were given time to respond, reflect and ponder.
168
or ‘woke’ and then moan that he wasn’t allowed to go to university. Uncover them, your three words, and use them to arm yourself against the uninformed, the ignorant and the powerful. Fight on the bridge of educational misinformation for these words. They’re yours. They’re what make you bothered.
A number of potential sources have been suggested for this proverb; see O’Toole (2014).
2 This is a real person in real life and everything. If he were in a movie he’d be played by Steven
in all of this? Well, the topic written in the plans is ‘Kenya’ and I think it’s fair to say that we are doing ‘Kenya’. We are doing more though, are we not? So much more. How this stuff can be mapped out and structured will be explored later but let me just return to that little human who had the courage to blurt out an interruption to my monologue. He could not keep it in, bless him. He’d been moved from empathy to compassion, and in that moving he’d upgraded his levels of engagement with me, the classroom, the story, to one of being bothered – one of being invested.
ATTENTION
Appropriate strategies
INTEREST
Bothererness_010223.indd 137
ENGAGEMENT
INVESTMENT
Dependence Independence
BOTHEREDNESS
OBSESSION (adapted from Heathcote, 2011 ) 17 Dorothy Heathcote went through this ‘circle of engagement’ with me in person when I was a young teacher. Instead of botheredness she used the word As she spoke, wrote it down.
I later added the idea of dependence and independence when reflecting on how children react to the contextual learning work.
Extensive use of modified stock vectors alongside original figures, film memorabilia images and the author’s own drawings.
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting BOTHEREDNESS® HYWEL ROBERTS STORIES – STANCE – PEDAGOGY At the heart of great teaching, you will always find a made-up word –BOTHEREDNESS® It’s the care teachers have for their children. It’s the passion they bring to their lessons. It’s their understanding of their children and their communities. It’s the warmth, imagination and creativity embedded in their curriculum. It’s the inspirational yet down-to-earth approach to teaching and learning that Hywel Roberts shares with teachers around the world. It’s what this funny, engaging and unique book is full of. It’s botheredness. If you are looking for an education book that will inspire, not dictate; that will entertain, challenge and fire up your imagination in equal measure; that has more than its fair share of film facts as well as tips and tricks for your classroom practice; then this is the book for you. In Botheredness you will find: ■ Clear strategies around imaginative and effective planning. ■ Genuine examples of powerful classroom work – from primary, special and secondary settings – that are research-informed and realistic. ■ Opportunities to think beyond a path laid out by scripted lessons, downloadable schemes and quick-fix fads. ■ A rallying cry to reclaim the professional warmth, imagination and care that are the hallmarks of the very best teaching. This is an education book like no other, written by a travelling teacher, storyteller and film buff who’s on a mission to put botheredness into classrooms everywhere. Hywel Roberts has taught in secondary, primary and special settings for almost thirty years. He contributes to university education programmes and writes regularly as ‘The Travelling Teacher’. A true Northerner, Hywel deals in botheredness, creative practice, curriculum development and imagineering. He was recently described as ‘a world leader in enthusiasm’ and his first book, Oops! Helping children learn accidentally, is a favourite among teachers. Hywel is an Independent Thinking Associate. @HYWEL_ROBERTS independentthinkingpress.com Education Teaching skills Every page fizzes with the same energy and inspiration I got from Hywel as a pupil twenty-five years ago. Top stuff. Dan Johnson, BBC Reporter Written with heart and wit – it is also an utter joy to read! Absolutely brilliant! Lisa Stephenson, Senior Lecturer, Leeds Beckett University, Director, The Story Makers Company You won’t want to put this down, and you will find yourself being more bothered about teaching than you ever thought possible. David Whitaker, Director of Learning, Wellspring Academy Trust, former Executive Principal, author This is not a book about individual ‘whistles-and-bells’ lessons; this is a book about a whole school strategy that gets children invested in their learning and the curriculum. Hannah Carvell, Head Teacher, Queens Church of England Academy As you read this book, you will be reminded of the power of good teaching. Mick Waters, educationalist and author Botheredness_FP.indd 1 25/01/2023 13:36 This book is dedicated to Maria and Tom Roberts, my loves. And to my mum, Dorothy Anne, for whom every day is still an adventure. And my late dad, who took me to see Jaws when I was 5 and my life changed forever. The past always seems better when you look back on it than it did at the time. And the present never looks as good as it will in the future. Jaws Peter Benchley (1974, 109) Bothererness_010223.indd 7 02/02/2023 11:49 It’s got crescendosgreatand plenty of drama.
(You can stop all this now, Hywel. Thanks – Ed.) A SLOW FADE UP: CARPE DIEM CUE MUSIC: Hans Zimmer’s Interstellar should do it. CAPTION: A reverie A CAPTION ABOUT THE CAPTION: Reverie: to be pleasantly lost in one’s thoughts – a daydream; an instrumental piece suggesting a dreamy or musing state The year blazes across the screen like it’s Lethal Weapon 2 or something: 1989 Bothererness_010223.indd 1 02/02/2023 11:49 137 Bridge of botheredness The key question for me, Miriam and you is, probably, where is the curriculum
1989
We
Turns out we can. Activated compassion, the negotiation of dilemmas and young Joshua telling Jimmy that it’ll all be okay are firmly rooted in one idea – connectedness. And to be connected is to be bothered. It is rehearsal of life. 23 Thanks again, Aaron. Bothererness_010223.indd 168 02/02/2023 11:49 CHAPTER
TRANSCENDING THE ORDINARY: WHY HAS THIS BEEN ALLOWED TO HAPPEN? Bothererness_010223.indd 169 02/02/2023 11:49 1 ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. 2 ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. 3 ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. Bothererness_010223.indd 12 13 If you stand for nothing, you’ll fall for anything. Anonymous proverb1 Okay. Three words that sum up education for you. Go! In order to unpick any approach to education – dry, normal, greasy, traditional, progressive, Jedi, old skool – one must settle on some unshakeables, some non-negotiables. Some values we can hang on to. These are the agreements we have with ourselves in our own heads –principles that inform our own practice. When crazy Uncle Pete, who likes Stella Artois and can’t hold down a relationship, corners you again at the family event – the wedding, the funeral – and challenges you again on the ins and outs, ups and downs of state education, these are the words you may stutter back at him as he suggests being hit across the arse by a sweaty 50-something male as it never did him any harm. He’s an expert. Because he went to school. Uncle Pete’s argument is solid in his head and your words back to him might sound like jazz-hands fluff, but don’t worry about it. He’ll call you a ‘snowflake’
This enabled them to empathise cognitively with what the story was offering them whilst also letting them find their own resonance within the narrative – they talked of their own grandparents, for example; their world and Jimmy’s world overlapping and making sense.
can’t use stories for coastal erosion?
8
Berkoff. He’s a baddie. Bothererness_010223.indd 13 Sentimentalists low expectations and high relationships are genuinely kind and interested in their pupils; they may even have sympathy for them and will go the extra mile for them. Unfortunately, the sentimentalist drops the ball with low expectations: Forget it. There’s more to life than homework. Have This the sweet spot. Transformative teachers with high expectations and high relationships who can combine high levels of personal warmth with supportive demandingness. Or botheredness. As say, I’ve been all four these over the years. Where do you see yourself? Bill and Ted are working on their history report: Okay, Ted, George Washington. One: the head? It’s like, just like Let’s stop going around in circles. Voluntary trumpetThere nothing wrong with being an effective teacher. Of course there It’s social, academic and human endeavour. Put like this: Social Academic Collegiality Family Community Understanding Application Creativity Communication Three strands. Three pillars. The social, academic and human considerations around teaching could be expanded on further than I’ve done here. You hopefully get the drift, though. When look this framework I’ve concocted for you, see an attempt entice the most naive of teachers alongside the most worn down, into space where great things can happen. This place, good people, is the middle gr The middle ground between teacher and class has become no man’s land for some: The middle groundThe Here’s little story about this so-called middle ground When was 14-year-old clumsy, crash-helmet-haircut-adorned Specials fan back in the 1980s, had penchant for lurid horror fiction. By lurid, mean the covers of these pulp gore-rippers caught my eye and was fascinated by them. devoured novels by Guy N. Smith, James Herbert and Stephen King. King was particular favourite. He still is. When was 14, all wanted to do was watch horror movies, but often they were difficult track down. The films wanted to see didn’t always get cinema release and they did, there was no way was going get see them. had the face small child. The alternative was to get stuck into some VHS tapes themselves dandy vehicle for shocking art I arrogantly recommend some films you really should watch love lists. Especially film lists. I’ve decided to make 2009 the cut-off date for this list that’s the year left full-time teaching. That the only logic at play here and isn’t that logical to be honest. just seems like good idea. lot of the films on this list are from my childhood, teenage years, early adulthood and then my adventure as grown-up. find lists cathartic. Why not make your own? It could be list of movies. Or maybe list songs. Or international football teams. Or list of favourite places you’ve visited. What list are you bothered about making, that maybe you could pass on to someone else? Remember making mix tapes when you were kid? Analogue
IF YOU WANT TO KNOW THE SECRETS OF BEING A BRILLIANT TEACHER, READ ON ...
Have you ever had a class who are angels for your colleagues but little devils as soon as they cross the threshold of your classroom? Or realised too late that your best-laid lesson plans were doomed from the start? Or had your energy and enthusiasm sapped by a mood-hoovering staffroom Grinch? Or felt the pressure of an impending Ofsted inspection? There are many real world challenges facing teachers but Andy, Gary and Chris have plenty of real world solutions to share, which are as entertaining as they are achievable.
A BRILLIANT BOOK FOR TEACHERS
‘Here’s a book for every school’s staff library and maybe one that should be given to every new member of staff. It helps with positive attitudes, energy and ideas. The authors are brim full of all three and have an amazing capacity to make their enthusiasm infectious. Moreover it’s a book to be dipped into by any teachers who find themselves flagging.’
Sir Tim Brighouse, formerly Commissioner for London Schools ‘Half an hour in the company of Andy Cope in person or in writing is better than a week in Mustique.’
Sir Anthony Seldon, Master, Wellington College
www.crownhouse.co.uk
Education
THE ART OF BEING A
BRILLIANT TEACHER
WE CAN MAKE YOU BRILLIANT!
Our deadly simple, non-academic approach comes in the form of keynotes, half and full-day workshops, fully accredited programmes and one-to-one coaching. All are thought provoking, habit-challenging and great fun!
WHO WE WORK WITH...
We work with businesses, schools and communities and our programmes are grounded in cutting edge research in areas of positive psychology, flourishing, happiness, energy, leadership and emotional intelligence.
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We've got a growing band of brilliant trainers and coaches who will add sparkle to your business or school. They all know their stuff, have bags of positivity and energy, and an ability to bring the training to life.
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Andy Cope is the author of the famous Spy Dog books, a trainer and a keynote speaker. He is an expert in positive psychology and happiness, which led him to develop The Art of Being Brilliant This is delivered in various forms as workshops for businesses, conferences, teachers and teenagers. It has also informed the thinking behind his brilliant books. www.artofbrilliance.co.uk Gary Toward is a trainer and keynote speaker who has previously taught in 7 schools countrywide. He was head teacher of 3 schools in Leicestershire, during which time he co-led a Pupil
ALSO AVAILABLE isbn: 978-184590940-6
THE ART OF BEING A THE BRILLIANT MIDDLE LEADER
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting BRILLIANT TEACHER THE ART OF BEING A GARY TOWARD, CHRIS HENLEY AND ANDY COPE
Andy Cope Chris Henley Gary Toward WWW.ARTOFBRILLIANCE.CO.UK
BrilliantTeacher_FP_0521.indd 1 05/05/2021 11:23
GARY TOWARD, CHRIS HENLEY AND ANDY COPE
Referral Unit out of special measures. Gary has a passion for teaching and, although originally a design technologist, he has taught most subjects and has, more recently, been a teaching head. www.decisive-element.co.uk Chris Henley is a trainer and keynote speaker who has been teaching for over thirty years in three different secondary schools. Chris is an inspirational teacher who moved on from leading an outstanding languages department to become a senior leader. As assistant head in charge of teaching and learning he has played a major role in two successful Ofsted inspections. www.decisive-element.co.uk BrilliantTeacher_FP_0521.indd 2 05/05/2021 11:25 BRILLIANT
THE ART OF BEING A GARY TOWARD AND CHRIS HENLEY EDITED BY ANDY COPE BRILLIANT CLASSROOM ASSISTANT GARY TOWARD, CHRIS HENLEY AND ANDY COPE
NQT
GARY TOWARD, CHRIS HENLEY AND ANDY COPE
ART OF BEING A GARY TOWARD, CHRIS HENLEY AND ANDY COPE BriliantTeacher_120215.indd 1 16/02/2015 14:46 5 Chapter 1 SPAGHETTI JUNCTION Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid. Albert Einstein We desperately want you to read this book; not to make us fabulously wealthy,1 but to help you become an even better educator. But why should you read it? This introductory chapter sets out our very simple philosophy, our aims and why we have chosen the writing style that we have. We describe the book’s unique selling points and remind you that we are very much grounded on planet realism. Somewhat counter-intuitively we will be encouraging you to think inside the box. We acknowledge that you may not like our 1 If we accidentally become rich beyond our wildest dreams then so be it. BriliantTeacher_120215.indd 5 16/02/2015 14:46 Illustration Amy
BRILLIANT TEACHER THE
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Coping can be as easy as learning the ABCS
In The ABCs of Coping with Anxiety, James Cowart offers a concise collection of tried-and-tested strategies from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and makes them accessible to people who are learning to cope with their anxiety on a dayto-day basis.
These user-friendly techniques focus on developing key coping skills designed to reduce fear and anxiety, and are complemented by a program of practical exercises that can be personalized to meet each individual’s unique needs.
Informed by his extensive clinical experience and therapeutic knowledge, and with real-life case studies to guide the reader, James’s ABCS approach is as transformative as it is simple:
A is for accepting the thoughts and feelings you can and can’t control
B is for breathing slowly and naturally to relieve and relax muscle tension
C is for countering any unrealistic or catastrophic thoughts with truth and logic
S is for staying with it so you can face your fears and anxieties until they are reduced
You will learn how to become more resilient and stop the cycle of anxiety from perpetuating.
Dr. Tom Barber, founder, Contemporary College of Therapeutic Studies, educator, psychotherapist, coach and bestselling author Succinct, comprehensive and straightforward to read.
Peter Mabbutt, Vice Principal, London College of Clinical Hypnosis, Vice President, British Society of Clinical Hypnosis
James has simplified the complex treatment for anxiety and made it accessible to all, providing a good foundation for understanding what anxiety really is and what works in overcoming it. Dr. Hazel Harrison, clinical psychologist
The ABCS of Coping with Anxiety is a concise, clear, specific and practical user-friendly guide for sufferers of anxiety issues.
Galen Alessi, PhD, Professor
James Cowart is a licensed psychologist with a special interest in providing CBT to people suffering with anxiety disorders. He has a PhD in Applied Behavior Analysis and is a member of the American Psychological Association. He specializes in problem-solving formats in family and couples therapy, as well as cognitive behavioral and interpersonal approaches to treating depression and anxiety. www.counselingpcc.com/cowart/
James Cowart, PhD
James Cowart, PhD
■ Boosting your self-worth – what you’ve been taught about yourself shapes what you think about yourself … but a lot of it is fake news!
■ Overcoming anxiety in all its different forms, why we have it and why we just don’t need it most of the time.
■ Dealing with simple phobias even when they seem far from simple, and getting rid of them for good.
■ Enhancing performance – harnessing the resources you thought you had but weren’t sure how to find.
Suitable for anyone wanting to rewire their psychological responses to life’s challenges.
If you want new ideas, get this book! Roy Hunter, author and hypnosis instructor
BWRT is brilliant. All that awaits is your best life. Kevin Hogan, author of The Psychology of Persuasion and The Science of Influence
With BWRT, Terence Watts has developed a method that can lead to significant brain change and well-being.
Åsa Hammar, Professor and Specialist in Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen Provides a brilliantly simple way to conceptualise the complex array of neural subsystems responsible for many of our problematic reactions, decisions and actions.
Ronald A. Havens, PhD, Professor Emeritus in Psychology, University of Illinois Springfield
Imagine suddenly discovering that there’s a user manual for your life – this is it! Sumedha Bhise, psychotherapist
The book truly contains the possibility to change your life in deep and profound ways. Dr Tony Fitzgerald, PhD, founder of Predicting Better
Terence Watts is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, and the only psychology related therapist to have been awarded the MCGI (Member of the City & Guilds Institute). Founder of the Essex Institute of Clinical Hypnosis, The Terence Watts BWRT Institute and The British BrainWorking Research Society, he is an international lecturer and trainer and runs popular online training seminars.
Using CBT to manage stress and anxiety
of Coping with Anxiety
Using CBT to manage stress and anxiety
C is for Countering
“It is important to learn how to think clearly … Name the situation as it is; don’t filter it through your judgments.”
Countering means responding to and replacing unrealistic and unhealthy thoughts with new thoughts that are based on evidence and logic. The old, automatic thoughts are usually based on jumps to conclusions with little basis in evidence or logic. Although it is not possible to control every single thought that passes through our brains, it is possible to learn to question and then counter unrealistic, unhealthy thoughts and that can be extremely important in the recovery process. Most unhealthy, unrealistic thoughts seem to be first learned in childhood, adolescence or certainly by young adulthood. It is particularly important to realize that not every thought or belief you learned during these formative times is true or helpful.
www.crownhouse.co.uk
Self-Help & Personal Development Popular Psychology
Introduction
What It Is and How It Works
First, a disclaimer: BrainWorking Recursive Therapy (BWRT) was only taught for the first time in 2013 so is still, in therapy terms, very new. But from the beginning it has astounded all who have studied the training and as a result it has been eagerly adopted by thousands of clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, counsellors and other therapists worldwide, including professors of psychology. They are using it on an everyday basis, often in preference to any other therapy, to relieve suffering and, in many cases, save lives. It is also in use by some police and military because of its ability to rapidly resolve post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).1
BWRT is a new process; it was initially met with scepticism, with therapists insisting there could be nothing in it that had not been taught before and that it could not possibly be as effective as was being claimed. It was first taught to a small group of professional therapists in October 2013, all of whom instantly recognised that it was something genuinely new and different and not just a rehash of one of the dozens – hundreds, probably – of other available therapies. They were impressed by the fact that BWRT is based strongly in science and evolutionary biology – and not only does it work, but, unlike the majority of other therapies, we also know exactly why it works. After that early beginning, the word spread quickly and now (in 2022) it is in worldwide use.
1 See https://www.bwrt.org/ and https://bwrtsa.co.za/. BWRT_090222.indd 1 09/02/2022 09:09
1
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting 25 Sure-fire WayS with ConfidenCe to Speak and preSent 25 Sure-fire WayS to Speak and preSent with ConfidenCe Judy apps Judy a pps and and Butterflies Butterflies Sweaty palms Sweaty p alms ISBN 978-184590736-5 9 7 8 1 8 4 5 9 0 7 3 6 5 Crown House Publishing Limited www.crownhouse.co.uk www.crownhousepublishing.com Language Public speaking guides Judy Apps has spent many years unravelling the secrets of how great leaders inspire others, and now runs open creative programmes and coaches leaders in major corporations in voice and communication. A well structured and practical guide to presenting with confidence. Karen Moxom, Managing Director of the Association for NLP If you’ve ever faced the fear of public speaking, this brilliant book is essential reading! Judy Apps provides super strategies for becoming a confident communicator. Her easy-to-learn and thorough approach tackles every aspect of speaking with great examples, stories and exercises. Arielle Essex, author of Compassionate Coaching No matter how bad things may seem this invaluable book will give you all the tools you need to become a confident and engaging speaker. Carol Newland, NLP Coach and Trainer Judy gives you a practical, and more importantly, an easy to understand toolkit that will get you up and confident in front of a group in a much quicker time than you ever thought possible Paul Matthews, Managing Director, People Alchemy Ltd I love the elegance, accessibility and clarity of this book and shall certainly be recommending it to clients and colleagues alike. Kate Burton, coach and author of Live Life, Love Work and For Dummies guides to NLP, coaching and confidence Voice of Influence How to get people to love to listen to you Judy Apps isbn: 978-184590288-9 Do you carry a lucky talisman in your pocket to give yourself courage before a big event because you suffer intolerably from performance nerves? Following the exercises in this book will enable you to perform with passion and the determination to wow your audience. How many times have you picked up a self help book and thought, ‘It’s all very well but it won’t work for me’? This time the book meets you where you are and helps you to succeed by approaching the problem on many different levels. Butterflies_FP.indd 24/02/2012 07:28
® BWRT ® Reboot your life with BrainWorking Recursive Therapy Reboot your life with BrainWorking Recursive Therapy
Terence Watts An engaging self-help guide to using BrainWorking Recursive Therapy: a psychological approach designed to tackle stress, anxiety, phobias
a
customised specifically to the way your brain and
work,
is scripted in such a way as to enable you to overwrite any problem you’re experiencing with new thinking. In this book, Terence Watts provides step-by-step guides to help you tackle a range of different challenges – including, but not limited to, the following:
BWRT
Terence Watts
and many other of life’s challenges. BWRT is
completely personalised therapy that is
mind
and
life.
Getting the very best out of any major changes you’re going to make in your
BWRT_FP.indd 1 10/02/2022 09:22
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Anxiety ABC s The
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www.crownhouse.co.uk
Emeritus, Clinical Psychology Doctoral Program and Clinic, Western Michigan University Suitable for those living with anxiety and for the therapists and professionals who work with them ABCs_FP_0120.indd 1 10/01/2020 10:31 33 Chapter 3
Epictetus, The
Art of Living
ABCs_270617.indd 33 03/07/2017 12:57 Graham Cha erley Graham Cha erley Changing Changing Perceptions Perceptions Deciphering the language of behaviour Changing Perceptions gives everyone working with children a be er understanding of the causes of challenging behaviour and what motivates it. What if, instead of insisting that children are ‘school ready’, we asked schools to be ‘children ready’? What if, rather than trying to eradicate undesirable behaviour by punishment, we attempted to understand where it was coming from and treated the causes as well as the symptoms? In this timely book, instead of seeking to ‘manage’ behaviour, Graham Chatterley aims to teach children how to behave appropriately in the classroom. e causes of poor behaviour are many and varied: fear, stress, anxiety and the feeling of being overwhelmed can all take their toll. Changing Perceptions examines the motives behind challenging behaviour, detailing ways in which better understanding and empathy can make children feel safer, build their trust and consequently create more e ective learners. is book seeks to move the dial on the perception of challenging behaviour in the classroom. De-escalation is important but it is only part of the process: if we really want to change behaviour, we have to understand it. Essential reading for teachers, school leaders and everyone working with challenging behaviour. www.crownhouse.co.uk Education Teaching of students with emotional & behavioural difficulties Graham Cha erley was a school leader who has since led training for thousands of educators across the North of England. He believes that adults play a pivotal role in the behaviour of students and that a culture of teaching children behaviour, rather than adults managing it, is key. @grahamcha erl2 Graham’s book demysti es complexities around behaviour and relationships between adults and children. Sarah Johnson, President of PRUsAP, author of Behaving Together in the Classroom: A Teacher’s Guide to Nurturing Behaviour is insightful book raises awareness about what ‘behaviour’ really is. It is music to my ears! Dave Whitaker, Director of Learning, Wellspring Academy Trust, author of e Kindness Principle An essential read for everyone working in the education community. Lisa Cherry, Director, Trauma Informed Consultancy Services and author of Conversations at Make a Di erence to Children and Young People Changing Perceptions is a must-read book for all who sit beside children and youth carrying pain-based behaviours. Lori Desautels, Assistant Professor, College of Education, Butler University Read Graham’s book and behaviour will be better as a result. Mark Finnis, Director of L30 Relational Systems
An approach to teaching chess in schools through a series of minigames which will enable all children to better understand and enjoy this magnificent game. Chess is a game of extraordinary excitement and beauty and all children should have the opportunity to experience it. Indeed, many claim that playing abstract strategy games such as chess provides a wide range of cognitive and social benefits –such as improvements in problem-solving ability and communication skills. However, Richard James argues that, because of the complexity of chess, most younger children would gain more benefit from simpler chess-based strategy games and incremental learning. In this practical handbook, Richard provides a wide range of games and puzzles based on these principles which are appropriate for primary schools, and explains how teachers can identify children who would benefit from starting young.
Richard also sets out how this approach can engage the whole community, including working with children with special needs, getting parents involved in learning and playing, and developing partnerships between primary and secondary schools.
An ideal resource for primary and secondary school teachers wanting to introduce their pupils to chess.
I would strongly recommend Chess for Schools to any chess teachers, parents and others with an interest in chess pedagogy.
Peter Wells, Grandmaster, FIDE Senior Trainer and co-author of Chess Improvement: It’s All in the Mindset
Rooted in deep personal understanding and decades of experience, this approachable, practical guide will help you establish a chess culture that seeps through your school.
Ellie Dix, Board Game Designer, owner of The Dark Imp and author of The Board Game Family
This brilliant book is so well structured that you do not need to read it from end to end and you do not need ever to have touched a chess piece to find it worthwhile.
Tim Bartlett, former Head Teacher Chess for Schools provides the terminology and the resources to move from beginner to competitive chess player. Schools now have a road map for their chess journeys. Dr Alexey Root, author of Children and Chess: A Guide for Educators and United States Women’s Chess Champions, 1937–2020
A veritable treasure chest of ideas, advice, opinions and resources.
Professor Barry Hymer, former Chief Science Officer, Chessable, and educational consultant ChessSchools_FP.indd
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting Chess Improvement It’s all in the mindset
Chess_090920.indd 7 14/09/2020 13:13 Chess improvement 156 Peter Roberson – Peter Wells 4NCL, 2017 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Lg5 e6 7. Qd2 Le7 8. 0-0-0 Nxd4 9. Qxd4 0-0 10. f4 Qa5 11. Kb1!? had been trying to phase this line out of my repertoire for some years, in part due to the existence of some forced drawing lines and an overall suspicion that it was, at least by Open Sicilian standards, not very demanding on White. It didn’t help that on this occasion my reluctance had almost entirely focused on the slight pressure which can be generated following the almost forced simplification 11. e5 dxe5 12. Qxe5! Qxe5 13. fxe5 Nd5 14. Lxe7 Nxe7 15. Ld3. A few moves later, I would have been frankly delighted to be facing slight pressure in a simplified setting and concern about a shortage of winning chances felt positively hubristic. 11...h6 12. h4 Rd8 13. Qe3 Ld7 14. Ld3 Lc6 15. Qg3! There are some echoes of the Krasenkow game here, in that the existence of a known and tempting forcing continuation can sometimes cause consideration of alternatives to be neglected. I had previously faced the very concrete sequence 15. e5 dxe5 16. fxe5 Ng4 17. Qf4 hxg5 18. hxg5 Qxe5 19. Lh7+! Chess_090920.indd 156 14/09/2020 13:14 It’s all in the mindset
Hymer
with Tim Kett and insights from Michael Adams, David Howell, Harriet Hunt, Gawain Jones, Luke McShane, Matthew Sadler and Nigel Short Barry Hymer and Peter Wells Foreword by Henrik Carlsen www.crownhouse.co.uk Hobbies, quizzes and games Chess Barry Hymer is Emeritus Professor of Psychology in Education at the University of Cumbria and has written numerous books and papers on the subject of teaching and learning. He is one of the UK’s foremost authorities on the educational applications of mindset theory. Grandmaster and FIDE Senior Trainer Peter Wells has over 30 years’ professional experience in the chess world and has authored or co-authored nine well-received chess books. He has extensive coaching experience. As a player Peter has won three British Rapidplay titles. An engaging and instructive guide that sets out how the application of growth mindset principles can accelerate chess improvement. Blending theory, practice and the distinct but complementary skills of two authors – one an academic (and amateur chess player) and the other a highly regarded England Chess Olympiad coach (and grandmaster) – Chess Improvement is an invaluable resource for any aspirational chess player or coach/parent of a chess player. Barry and Peter draw on interviews conducted with members of England’s medal-winning elite squad of players and provide a template for chess improvement rooted in the practical wisdom of experienced chess players and coaches. Suitable for any chess player, or coach or parent of a chess player. Chess Improvement will be a game changer for many players, parents and coaches. Henrik Carlsen, father to world champion Magnus Carlsen Wise, witty, informative and inspiring! Carol Dweck, Lewis and Virginia Eaton Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Stanford University Offers something for all chess players, both young and old. Matthew Sadler, IT consultant, chess grandmaster and co-author of Game Changer A hugely informative and highly readable account of how you can improve your chess by adopting a growth mindset. Sandy Ruxton, Honorary Research Fellow, Department of Sociology, Durham University, and chess coach A must for all chess educators, as well as for aspiring players (and their parents) of all levels of ability. Dmitri Shneider, Chief Financial Officer, PlayMagnus, and chess international master A wonderfully creative collaboration between educational psychologist Barry Hymer and Peter Wells, one of the most thoughtful and eloquent English chess writers. Harriet Hunt, chess international master If you have any interest in chess or in learning, you will find this book worthwhile. If you have an interest in both, you will be enthralled. Dylan Wiliam, Emeritus Professor of Educational Assessment, UCL Institute of Education Has the potential to have a greater impact on chess than AlphaZero. A seminal work. David Kramaley, co-founder and Chief Executive Officer, Chessable Every coach and every parent who wants to support their chess-playing child should buy a copy. David Edmonds, co-author of Bobby Fischer Goes to War Well written and rigorously researched, Chess Improvement shares valuable insights and is often very funny. Daniel King, chess grandmaster and coach Chess_FP_0121.indd 1 15/12/2020 08:29 Chess Schools for Chess Schools for From simple strategy games to clubs and competitions Richard
Richard James www.crownhouse.co.uk Education Teaching Skills and Techniques Richard James has been teaching and organising chess for children since 1972. Between 1975 and 2006,
of Chess
Chess to Kids
and
@chesstutor
Barry Hymer and Peter Wells with Tim Kett and insights from Michael Adams, David Howell, Harriet Hunt, Gawain Jones, Luke McShane, Matthew Sadler and Nigel Short
Barry
and Peter Wells
James
Richard ran the highly successful Richmond Junior Chess Club, whose members included Luke McShane, Jonathan Rowson and other future grandmasters. He is also the author
for Kids and The Right Way to Teach
and has written extensively on chess history
trivia.
1 22/07/2022 09:03 Wendy Sullivan and Judy Rees Wendy Sullivan and Judy Rees
Metaphors and Opening Minds ISBN 978-184590125-7 9 7 8 1 8 4 5 9 0 1 2 5 7 9 0 0 0 0 Crown House Publishing Limited www.crownhouse.co.uk www.crownhousepublishing.com Popular Psychology Would you like better relationships, a deeper understanding of the people around you, and a simple yet powerful way to help them achieve their life goals? Clean Language can offer all this and more. This elegant and powerful questioning technique is simple to learn. It opens a door to a new way of thinking about how people’s minds actually work. By getting people to explore their internal metaphors you will find it much easier to truly understand them, motivate them or help them to change. Counselling psychologist David Grove devised Clean Language to help clients resolve deep trauma. The approach is now used by some of the sharpest and most innovative people in the world – business people, coaches, educators, health professionals and many others – to cut through complex problems. I was much impressed by the obvious expertise of the two authors.” Andy Bradbury, Honest Abe’s NLP Emporium www.bradburyac.mistral.co.uk In this practical, hands-on, easy-to-read book, Wendy Sullivan and Judy Rees have done an exceptional job in showing just how to tease out and reveal the metaphors we live by and how to change, consolidate, develop, or transform them as we might wish.” Nick Owen, trainer, consultant, coach and author of The Magic of Metaphor, More Magic of Metaphor and The Salmon of Knowledge “What Wendy and Judy provide in this volume reflects all the best qualities of their courses; clarity, practicality, fun and integrity, all presented in a way that is accessible, logically structured and great value.” Dr Paul Tosey, School of Management, University of Surrey One of the most fundamental and important tools available in NLP and coaching. This book stands out for the clarity of its explanations and makes Clean Language common sense. The communicators’ bible.” Toby McCartney, WestOne Training, author of Mastering Memory This book promises to transform the way we think about language and meaning.” Psychologies Wendy Sullivan is a specialist international trainer of Clean Language and Symbolic Modelling, psychotherapist, coach and coach supervisor. www.cleanchange.co.uk Judy Rees applies Clean Language as a business consultant, primarily in the media and IT, helping to improve communications within project teams. www.judyrees.co.uk Clean_FP_0119.indd 1 SJANIE HUGO ba d hyp pgd hyp ghr mbsch The applications of hypnosis and other mind-body approaches for fertility A manual for the treatment of infertility and related conditions through the application of hypnosis and mind-body approaches The Fertile Body Method A PRACTITIONER'S MANUAL SJANIE HUGO ba d hyp pgd hyp ghr mbsch The Fertile Body MethodPRACTITIONER'S MANUAL 9 7 8 1 8 4 5 9 0 0 9 6 0 Crown House Publishing Ltd www.crownhouse.co.uk www.crownhousepublishing.com Psychotherapy Hypnosis The Fertile Body Method combines hypnosis and other mind-body approaches to help identify and address the mental, emotional and physical factors which affect fertility and reduce the negative effects of infertility. This is a manual for health practitioners and contains the six stages of the ‘Fertile Body Method’, which can be used to study, understand and work with all the different aspects of fertility problems. It includes a structured therapeutic framework as well as a step-by-step guide for treatment. Packed with tips, suggestions, tools and techniques this book provides practitioners with practical ways of working with each stage of treatment. The lively case history examples illustrate some of the ways that this therapeutic framework can be put into practice. This book is suitable for those who are new to the field of fertility and mind-body medicine as well as more experienced practitioners who are looking to add to their skills and knowledge. Includes free downloadable resources which contains scripts, questionnaires, self help tools, diagrams, charts and explanation leaflets for clients. Practitioners in this field will undoubtedly benefit from Sjanie’s in-depth understanding of the complex issues infertile couples have to deal with when trying to conceive.” Lisa Jackson, clinical hypnotherapist and author The Fertile Body Method is unique, thoroughly informative and practical. It is an extremely welcome addition to the hypnotic literature and one that is destined to become a core text.” Peter Mabbutt FBSCH, Director of Studies, London College of Clinical Hypnosis This long awaited book is well researched, based on casebook success and provides new therapeutic insight for practitioners working with the increasing number of childless couples worldwide.” Sheila Menon Principal LCCH Asia The Fertile Body Method constitutes an indispensable contribution to the field of hypnotherapy and its author deserves our appreciation.” Elizabeth Muir MSc.(Psych), Ph.D. MNACHP I recommend The Fertile Body Method to any therapist looking for a coherent plan to maximise fertility and treat psychogenic infertility.” Thomas Connelly D.Hyp, FBSCH, Org. sec. BSCH Sjanie Hugo is a clinical hypnotherapist specialising in fertility and related issues. She works privately in a busy central London practice and as part of a holistic team at the London Fertility Clinic at The Hale (www.thelondonfertilityclinic.com). While lecturing internationally for the London College of Clinical Hypnosis (LCCH) she developed the Fertile Body Method training for therapists, which she continues to teach throughout the world. The Fertile Body Method a practitioner' S manual A t e e Repo c n d m e d h y g ir g igo m e Crown House Publishing Ltd 9781845900960-FertileOnBody.indd 23/07/2013 09:17
Revealing
@DavidDidau
David Didau is a freelance writer, blogger, speaker, trainer and author. He started his award-winning blog, The Learning Spy, in 2011 to express the constraints and irritations of ordinary teachers, detail the successes and failures within his own classroom, and synthesise his years of teaching experience through the lens of educational research and cognitive psychology. Since then he has spoken at various national conferences, has directly influenced Ofsted and has worked with the Department for Education to consider ways in which teachers’ workload could be reduced.
Given the choice, who wouldn’t want to be cleverer?
What teacher wouldn’t want this for their students, and what parent wouldn’t wish it for their children?
When David Didau started researching this book, he thought the answers to these questions were obvious. But it turns out that the very idea of measuring and increasing children’s intelligence makes many people extremely uncomfortable. They think, “If some people were more intelligent, where would that leave those of us who weren’t?”
Writing in his inimitable, thought-provoking style, David reignites the nature vs. nurture debate around intelligence and offers research-informed guidance on the practical things teachers can do to narrow the attainment gap, and to help all children acquire a robust store of powerful knowledge, as well as the skills to make use of it.
Schools and parents alike invest so much energy in teaching children and yet often understand relatively little about what exactly it is they are trying to achieve. In Making
Kids Cleverer David Didau reviews everything we know from cognitive science on how to enhance children’s learning, and delivers a powerful argument that we can – and must –help all children succeed at school.
Rebecca Allen, Professor of Education, University College London Institute of Education
David Didau has done it again! Making Kids Cleverer is an engaging, highly readable analysis of the latest research on how we learn and what we can do to improve the achievement of our pupils. Anyone involved in the care and education of children and young people would gain a huge amount from reading this book.
Dylan Wiliam, Emeritus Professor of Educational Assessment, University College London
I have not read another education book that brims with as much insight and stimulating thought as this one: every page serves up a new surprise or gentle provocation.
Andy Tharby, teacher, co-author of Making Every Lesson Count and author of How to Explain Absolutely Anything to Absolutely Anyone
Making Kids Cleverer is a truly magnificent manifesto. Everything David Didau says chimes deeply with what I know to be true and what I am trying to accomplish in our schools. It is an absolute joy to read, and an incredibly timely tour de force that can, and should, have a national impact. A must-read for everyone in education, from trainee teachers to inspectors and policy makers.
Lady Caroline Nash, Director, Future Academies
Kids Making Cleverer
A. Kirschner
MakingKids Cleverer
A manifesto for closing the advantage gap
978-178135127-7 978-178583157-7
Can we get cleverer?
The question of whether or not we can get cleverer is a crucial one for this book.
If you believe that intelligence is hereditary and environmental effects are trivial, you may be sceptical. But environment does matter, and it matters most for children from the most socially disadvantaged backgrounds – those who not only have the most to gain, but who are also the ones most likely to gain from our efforts to make all kids cleverer.
And one thing we can be fairly sure will raise children’s intelligence is sending them to school.
In this wide-ranging enquiry into psychology, sociology, philosophy and cognitive science, David argues that with greater access to culturally accumulated information – taught explicitly within a knowledge-rich curriculum – children are more likely to become cleverer, to think more critically and, subsequently, to live happier, healthier and more secure lives. Furthermore, by sharing valuable insights into what children truly need to learn during their formative school years, he sets out the numerous practical ways in which policy makers and school leaders can make better choices about organising schools, and how teachers can communicate the knowledge that will make the most difference to young people as effectively and efficiently as possible.
There are so many competing suggestions as to how we should improve education that knowing how to act can seem an impossible challenge. Once you have absorbed the arguments in this book, however, David hopes you will find the simple question that he asks himself whenever he encounters new ideas and initiatives – “Will this make children cleverer?” – as useful as he does.
What if
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting
David Didau
David Didau
Education Teaching skills www.crownhouse.co.uk
Cleverer_FP_0819.indd 1 16/08/2019 13:11 Making kids cleverer 62 Correlation coefficient x-axis Perfect negative correlation y-axis -1.0 -0.7 +0.5 +1.0 Medium negative correlation No correlation Medium positive correlation Perfect positive correlation Figure 3.1. Degrees of correlation Is intelligence the answer? 63 when tell her off she laughs, other times she rolls her eyes and occasionally she’s contrite. know from experience that gentle teasing will, on one occasion, be met with hearty, good-humoured banter and on another with utter and unexpected devastation. Correlation is a tricky business. Perfect correlations tend not to exist so the relationships we find are always, to a greater or lesser extent, imperfect (see Figure 3.1). No matter how clear a signal we think we’ve identified, there is always noise. In order to understand some of the figures in this chapter, it’s worth briefly explaining a bit about what correlations mean. A perfect positive correlation is +1.0 and perfect negative correlation is -1.0. If we see r = 0.5, it means there is a medium strength correlation between two identified sets of variables, which is a lot more than you’d expect to see by chance. Even though a medium strength correlation suggests plausible link between these variables, it doesn’t mean that one is causing the other. Some correlations are amusingly spurious, such as the finding that the rise in global temperature has mirrored a decline in international piracy (see Figure 3.2). Year Piracy Global Warming Figure 3.2. Piracy and global warming over the years © Idolum Australian Laboratories for Purile Research (2011) What knowledge? 223 Schema within domain A schema begins to be acquired Figure 8.2. The domain; schema within domain; a schema begins to be acquired Adam Boxer, Novices, Experts and Everything In-between: Epistemology and Pedagogy, Chemical Orthodoxy (10 May 2018). Available at: https://achemicalorthodoxy.wordpress.com/2018/05/10/ To help children link these fragmentary chunks we need to understand how biologically secondary knowledge is best communicated within domain. Some pedagogical approaches may be shared by many domains, while some will be peculiar to just one or two. The crucial point is not to confuse learning and doing, pedagogy and epistemology. The production of knowledge is not the same – or even particularly similar – to the transmission of knowledge. In the context of science education, Paul Kirschner offers this distinction: The epistemology of most sciences, for example, is often based upon experimentation and discovery and, since this is so, experimentation and discovery should be part of any curriculum aimed at ‘producing’ future scientists. But this does not mean that experimentation and discovery should also be the basis for curriculum organization and learning-environment designing. Cleverer_0819.indd 223 Making kids cleverer 264 a lesson, multiple-choice quizzes online or self-tests that children design themselves. The format of the practice of retrieving information probably doesn’t matter that much. So, if you’ve taught children to create mind maps, simply encourage them to practise recreating them from memory. If your students are in the habit of creating flash cards, ensure they are not passively rereading them but actively testing their ability to remember (e.g. by jotting down what’s on the card from memory). We should also be aware of the hypercorrection effect – the finding that the more confident someone is that an incorrect answer they have given is correct, the more likely they are to learn from their mistake and not make it again. As long as we’re corrected, making mistakes seems to produce stronger schemas than when we don’t make mistakes. Herman Ebbinghaus, who first discovered the forgetting curve, also conducted experiments into how information could be retained for as long as possible. He found that if we allow some forgetting to take place before reviewing the material to be learned, the curve of forgetting starts to flatten off. Information retained 40% 30% 80% 90% 100% Time Figure 10.3. The spacing effect Cleverer_0819.indd 264 Making kids cleverer 42 Social Folk psychology expression Language schemaGroup Ecological Individual Group Folk biology Self Folk physics Represent Figure 2.1. Folk knowledge domains Source David C. Geary and Daniel B. Berch, Evolution and Children’s Cognitive and Academic Development. David Geary and Daniel Berch (eds), Evolutionary Perspectives on Child Development and Education (Basel: Springer International Publishing, 2016), pp. 217–250 at p. 220.
Foreword by Paul
everything you knew about education was wrong? David Didau Forewords by Robert A. Bjork and Dylan Wiliam Why we’re wrong physically see is movement, but there’s more to perception than meets the eye. Consider how we infer causes to complex events: if we see a teacher teach two lessons we consider inadequate, we infer that they’re an inadequate teacher. This leads us to naive realism – the belief that our senses provide us with an objective and reliable awareness of the world. We tend to believe that we see objects as they really are, when in fact what we see is just our own internal representation of the world. And why wouldn’t we? If an interactive whiteboard falls on our head, it’ll hurt! But while we may agree that the world is made of matter, which can be perceived, matter exists independently of our observations: the whiteboard will still be smashed on the floor even if no one was there to see it fall. Mostly this doesn’t signify; what we see tends to be similar enough to what others see as to make no difference. But sometimes the perceptual differences are such that we do not agree on the meaning and therefore on the action to be taken. The existence of optical illusions proves not only that our senses can be mistaken, but more importantly they also demonstrate how the unconscious processes we use to construct an internal reality from raw sense data can go awry. Figure 1.2. Checker shadow illusion http://web.mit.edu/persci/people/adelson/checkershadow_illusion.html. In Edward H. Adelson’s checker shadow illusion (Figure 1.2), the squares labelled A and B are the exact same shades of grey. No really. The shadow You can prove anything with evidence! just know we’re right. But we’re all wrong, all the time, about things both trivial and vital. Consider this little gem (Figure 5.1) that periodically does the rounds in education circles: Teach others/immediate use Practice by doing Discussion group Teaming Audio-visual Reading 90% 75% 20% 10% Average Figure 5.1. The learning pyramid Seductive, isn’t it? The false sense of security comes from the fact that it bears out and validates our experience as teachers: we get to know our subjects so much better because we teach them, so it follows that the best way to retain new information is to teach it to someone else. And look: there are some statistics so it must be true! Well, unfortunately not. These claims can be dismissed in short order: If most educators stopped to consider the percentages, they would ask serious questions about the citation. They would inquire about the suspicious rounding of the percentages to multiples of ten, and the unlikelihood that learners would remember 90 percent of anything, regardless of the learning approach. This is just one of the very many bogus cones of learning doing the rounds on the internet. For more examples visit: www.coneofexperience.com. What could we do differently? though, we will forget a good deal of the information we encounter within few days of learning it. As we saw in Chapter 9, forgetting is the route to better learning. It might, with sufficient planning, be possible to expect students to remember far more of what we want them to learn. Ebbinghaus also conducted experiments into how information could be retained for as long as possible. He found that if we allow some forgetting to take place before reviewing the material to be learned, the curve of forgetting starts to flatten off (see Figure 12.1). Retention 0 1 6 7 70% 90% Days First learned Reviewed Figure 12.1. The spacing effect It makes complete sense that if we revisit information at regular intervals we are much more likely to remember it, but the real reason this is so effective is that, as we forget, we are more receptive to learning new information. And, what’s more, because new learning (or relearning) depends on what has gone before, the optimal spacing of curriculum content also enhances the transfer of knowledge between contexts and can provide foundation for subsequent new learning. So what exactly is the most optimal interval to space out teaching? Is there an ideal moment to practise what you’ve learned? We know that if we practise too soon, retrieval strength is too high and we waste our What else might we be getting wrong? PISA 2012 Maths Mean Score Percentage of lower secondary teachers who ‘give different work to the students who have difficulties learning and/or those who can advance faster’ either frequently or in almost all lessons Brazil (United Kingdom) Italy Portugal Israel Flanders (Belgium) Japan Singapore Czech Republic Figure 22.1. Possible effects of differentiation on PISA scores (2014). Ashman says, “I expected some countries with high performance to have low levels of differentiation. However, I also expected the graph to have no overall shape with other high performing countries using this strategy a great deal. didn’t expect to see the rough negative trend that appears to be present.” Admittedly this is just a correlation, and one that isn’t even as precise as Figure 1.5. We certainly can’t say with certainty that differentiation doesn’t work, but neither can we say it does. And surely we should be able to have some confidence in practice that adds such significant burden to teachers’ workloads. Opportunity cost might go some way to explaining this finding. If a teacher is busy producing differentiated resources for students what will they not have time to do instead? Thankfully, there’s another, perhaps better, way to differentiate. In considering the methods of some of the most successful education systems in the world, education professor and assessment expert Tim Oates reckons that the most successful education systems are built on the assumption that all students are capable of understanding. If this assumption seems The David Didau Secret Literacy of Making the implicit explicit 108 The Secret of Literacy But, despite Hirsch’s disparaging of generic reading skills, it is worth being able to share with your pupils a taxonomy of reading skills. Here’s a little something came up with earlier: Evaluate Analyse Explore Explain Identify the writer’s intentions might have been. The writer may have done this because ... say how and why they are effective. The word ‘...’ effective because ... the quotation might tell us. Use might. your opinion Give your opinion about text and use quotation Reading skills ladder This reading skills ladder was developed specifically for English, but teachers of other subjects have reported that their pupils have found it useful to gauge the sophistication with which they read all sorts of texts. Guided reading All pupils can benefit from having an expert reader model and scaffold their attempts to understand texts. Ideally, we could coach all pupils by reading with them individually. This is unrealistic, so we don’t. The very weakest get one-to-one support and everybody else makes do. Back in the late 1990s, guided reading was all the rage. In essence, this simply meant dividing a class into groups of roughly SecretLit_0520.indd 108 19 Chapter 2 The teaching sequence for developing independence Independence is happiness. Susan B. Anthony The teaching sequence If we want our pupils to use academic language confidently and independently, then we need to think carefully about what sequences of lessons should look like. I’ve always believed that great teaching and learning happens in cycles or loops, and I’ve been furiously honing my ideas on what I think might be the ideal teaching cycle. After much research, thought and experimentation, I’ve decided it looks something like this: Ep Md S r and building the field Independent Teaching sequence for developing independence Joint Adapted from Susan Feez, Text-Based Syllabus Design (Sydney: McQuarie University/AMES, 1998). SecretLit_0520.indd 19 191 How written feedback and marking can support literacy When students complete piece of work, get them to proofread it for to focus and explain how they have applied the success criteria. When work handed back, plan for DIRT (Directed Improvement and Reflection Time) pupils must spend time reading feedback, answering questions and completing set tasks. to feedback and check that the learning gap has been closed. Your marking should provoke thinking and be less work for you than your student. Instead of making comments, ask questions and suggest specific tasks to improve the work. Make sure pupils use success criteria when peer assessing work. Feedback should be: Kind (but honest) Helpful (... so that ...) Specific (be precise) the gap has not been closed, further improvement questions tasks may be required. Presentation and drafting It’s an inspiration to know that ‘beautiful work’ is not just possible but actively worth pursuing. Lack of time may not allow us to achieve perfection, but we should certainly aim for quality. We need to explain why sloppy work is unacceptable. If you want titles underlined, get pupils to think about the reasons and explain what the point might be; don’t just insist on compliance. They will not value their written work unless we do. I suggest regular amnesty lessons to ensure books are up to snuff; get pupils to go back over their work looking for errors and correcting them and insist they take pride in what they produce. have started referring to writing as ‘drafting’, as in: ‘I want you to draft an article on …’ This then encourages redrafting. My thinking is that if pupils know from SecretLit_0520.indd 191 194 The Secret of Literacy The problem with peer assessment Hey! Nice haircut. Your face is bit repellent. But your dress is beautiful. The praise sandwich So, how much of the feedback that pupils get do you think comes from their peers? I’m not talking about feedback on their choice of trainers or on their ability to wear hoodie with dash and élan; I’m talking about classroom feedback on their learning. So, go on, how much? When asked to guess, most teachers hazard something along the lines of 10–20%. In fact, according to research undertaken by Graham Nuthall, the actual figure is more like 80%. And of that, 80% is, apparently, wrong. This leaves us with something of a problem. Whether we encourage it or not, whether we’re aware of it or not, pupils are giving each other erroneous feedback on their work continually. If this alarms you as much as it does me, we have Cited in Hattie, Visible Learning for Teachers p. 131. SecretLit_0520.indd 194
Cognitive load theory (CLT) is rapidly becoming education’s next ‘big thing’. It is natural, therefore, that teachers will want to know more about it and, more importantly, understand how they can embed it in their classroom teaching.
Written by international teacher trainer Steve Garnett, this invaluable handbook brings clarity to the complexity surrounding CLT and provides a user-friendly toolkit of techniques to help teachers optimise their pupils’ learning.
Steve covers a wide range of teaching strategies to help teachers avoid overloading their pupils’ working memories, and empowers them with the tools to get their pupils learning more effectively – particularly when learning new content.
Suitable for teachers, department heads, school leaders and anyone with a responsibility for improving teaching and learning.
Teaching is one of the most important activities associated with the continuity of civilisation. An enormous amount of research relevant to teachers is produced each year, with the vast bulk of it appearing in research journals intended for a researcher rather than practitioner readership. Translating those technical research findings into a form that is accessible to teachers is a rare skill. It is a skill that Steve Garnett has in copious abundance, and in Cognitive Load Theory: A Handbook for Teachers he provides a brilliant exposition of instructional design principles.
John Sweller, Emeritus Professor of Educational Psychology, School of Education, University of New South Wales
I think it’s safe to say that Cognitive Load Theory: A Handbook for Teachers is the book that educators have been waiting for. It is a much-needed, timely resource that puts common sense and cognitive science, rather than hunches and fashions,
Steve Garnett delivers inspirational, practical and highly realistic teaching- and learning-related INSET.
He travels extensively around the UK, as well as globally, having delivered training to over 15,000 teachers in over 30 countries, extending to South America, Africa, Europe, the Middle East and south-east Asia.
Cognitive Load Theory
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting
Cognitive Load Theory
Steve
handbook for teachers www.crownhouse.co.uk Education Teaching skills and techniques
Steve Garnett
Garnett A handbook for teachers A
at the heart of the profession. Sarah Larsen, geography teacher, blogger and speaker Cognitive Load Theory: A Handbook for Teachers should ensure that cognitive load theory is fully understood by busy teachers. It brings a great deal of clarity to a complex area of research and shows how it can be applied in the classroom to help teachers make informed decisions about the way they design their lessons. Mark Enser, Head of Geography and Research Lead, Heathfield Community College, and author of Teach Like Nobody’s Watching and Powerful Geography Provides a brilliant exposition of instructional design principles. I recommend it in the strongest possible terms. John Sweller, Emeritus Professor of Educational Psychology, School of Education, University of New South Wales CLT_FP_0121.indd 1 25/01/2021 10:28 Cognitive Load Theory: A handbook for teachers 1980 1990 (1982) Goal-free effect 1995) Modality effect 1985) Worked example effect (1992) Completion problem effect (1988) Split-attention effect (1994) Element interactivity effect (1994) Variability effect 1991 Redundancy effect Effects related to intrinsic load Effects related to extraneous load 19 2000 2010 (2003) Guidancefading effect (2009) Collective working memory effect (2001 Imagination effect (2002) Isolated elements effect (1997) Expertise reversal effect (2013) Transient information effect Figure I.5: Chronology of the development of CLT Cognitive Load Theory: A handbook for teachers The other 13 items in the shopping list you would likely have forgotten about around 20 seconds after thinking about them. In other words, that memory is limited in duration. However, Sweller goes on to say that if what you are trying to hold in your working memory has what he calls ‘element interactivity’ – or, in other words, the pieces of novel information are interconnected or linked in some way that is a bit more complicated and involved – then working memory has even less capacity to remember, so the number would drop to three or four items. Essentially, working memory acts as a ‘gatekeeper’ to new learning. The implications for the classroom teacher are clear. When teaching a class of pupils a new topic or skill, the teacher must be aware of both the limitations of the working memory and how it functions, because it is this part of the brain that will be attending to all the new learning. Prefrontal cortex Neocortex Basal ganglia Amygdala Working memory (WM) Figure I.3: Location of working memory within the brain CLT_250820.indd 6 Teaching point 1: Introducing a new topic polygons quadrilaterals triangles pentagon rhombus kite parallelogram square trapezoid hexagon scalene obtuse acute right angle isosceles equilateral Figure 1.3: Option B – novice CLT_250820.indd 29 Cognitive Load Theory: A handbook for teachers 64 marine biology sunlight abiotic factors biotic factors fish/ mammals algae plankton marine environment coral reef deep open Figure 1.34: Science – marine biology CLT_250820.indd 64 25/08/2020 15:31 Cognitive Load Theory: A handbook for teachers 76 7. Superior vena cava (vein) brings deoxygenated blood from head, neck, arm and chest regions to right atrium. 8. Inferior vena cava (vein) brings deoxygenated blood from lower body regions to right atrium. 9. Right atrium Receives deoxygenated blood via superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus. 10. Tricuspid valve Prevents backflow of blood into right atrium. 11. Right ventricle Contracts to pump blood to lungs via pulmonary trunk and left and right pulmonary arteries. 12. Pulmonary semilunar valve Allows one-directional blood flow from ventricle to artery. 13. Pulmonary trunk Divides into right and left pulmonary arteries. Takes blood to lungs. 6. Aorta (artery) takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body. 5. Aortic semilunar valve Allows one-directional blood flow from ventricle to artery. 4. Left ventricle Contracts to pump blood to systemic circulation via ascending aorta. 3. Bicuspid (mitral) valve Prevents backflow of blood into left atrium. Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins. 1. Pulmonary veins Carry blood to left atrium from lungs. Figure 2.3: Blood flow through the heart – diagram A CLT_250820.indd 76 25/08/2020 15:31 Teaching point 2: Teaching new knowledge/skills upper bout tuning pegs neck strings bridge tailpiece Figure 2.5: Violin – diagram A 1 3 7 4. upper bout 1 scroll 2. tuning pegs 3. neck 5. strings 6. bridge 7. tailpiece Figure 2.6: Violin – diagram B CLT_250820.indd 79 25/08/2020 15:31 Teaching point 2: Teaching new knowledge/skills 83 Emergent layer (38 m) Causes of deforestation 4To build roads to access metal, gold and diamond mines. Impact of deforestation An area the size of 20 football pitches destroyed every 60 seconds. 2Half of the tropical rainforests we once had are now gone. 4Local people’s homes are destroyed. Rainforests cover approximately 6% of the Earth’s surface but contain more than half of the world’s plants. About 90% of organisms are found in the canopy. rainforests. There are two types of rainforests: temperate and tropical. Many things we have in our homes come from rainforests, such as chocolate, sugar, rubber, bamboo and many medicines. Term Scientific and geographical vocabulary 2country A nation with its own government, e.g. UK, USA, Germany, Denmark, Brazil and China. 4ecosystem A community of plants and animals that depend on each other to survive. The action clearing wide area trees. 6habitat The natural home or environment of an animal, plant or organism. Location, layers and features receives the most sunlight. 2Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Imaginary lines north and south of the equator. Most rainforest can be found between these two 4canopy Dense layer of trees overlapping each other. Home to most animals in the rainforest. 5understoryRelatively dark, open area below the canopy. 6undergrowthAlso known as the forest floor, mainly consisting of 7flora and faunaFlora = plants. Fauna animals. Describes an animal that comes out at night something else. Figure 2.9: Rainforest – before Source Adapted from a rainforests knowledge organiser by Ryan Holmes (@educatingholmes). Available at: https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/rainforests-knowledge-organiser-12044288 Cognitive Load Theory: A handbook for teachers 112 shown when this information is in the form of a table, diagram or chart. A C E B Figure 4.2: Goal-free polygons So, in this example, the teacher would not set any specific questions to be answered about the shapes on the triangular paper but instead ask the pupils to note down as much mathematical information as they can that they think might be relevant. Typically, the pupils will list things like the names of the polygons. Pupils may also locate lines of symmetry. They may even calculate the perimeters and areas as well. Maths teachers who regularly use the goal-free effect comment on how much more pupils think about, and extrapolate from, diagrams and graphs than they would if they were just given a specific question. The goal-free effect is held up as a technique to promote flexible thinking too. If they are asked to answer one question, the pupils will only focus on getting that answer right. Utilising the goal-free effect encourages much deeper learning. The goal-free element of this task is getting pupils to explore the information without the direction of a question. Teaching point 1: Introducing a new topic Pros and cons of UK business locating abroad lower labour Cons Pros lower expertise skilled workers costs of moving loss of UK transport communications quality control demand Figure 1.5: Globalisation schema – novice CLT_250820.indd 33 Cognitive Load Theory: A handbook for teachers 38 Head of school Head of maths Head of physics Khalid Moona Ahmed Bazir Rania Rafa Abdul Umair Rabah Preparing-foruniversity project Figure 1.7: Preparing-for-university project Source Adapted from Moyer (2010) Cognitive Load Theory: A handbook for teachers 14 Extraneous load Extraneous cognitive load is the load generated by the way in which the material is presented and relates to anything which does not aid learning. Originally Sweller saw all overload as extraneous load. Learning materials can be unintentionally delivered and presented in such a way that it actually exceeds pupils’ working memory capacity because there is too much badly designed information and it is hard for pupils to deal with and filter out the relevant parts. For teachers, 90% of the story behind reducing cognitive load on working memory revolves around addressing issues related to extraneous load. We need low extraneous load so that space can be freed up for higher intrinsic load (as shown in Figure I.4). This analogy should help conceptualise the point. Imagine the perfect cup of takeaway cappuccino. It would contain a small amount of espresso coffee (extraneous load in this analogy) and the rest of the drink would be frothy milk (intrinsic load). Thus, this describes the optimum mixture for the amount of load the novice learner can process (i.e. low extraneous load but the optimum intrinsic load – we don’t want the cup to overflow, of course). Intrinsic Extraneous Working memory Intrinsic Extraneous Working memory A: B: Figure I.4: Desirable and undesirable load If our cup is already very full of strong coffee, we will have no room for the milk and our drink will be too bitter and hard to swallow for the untrained palate (novice learner). Desirable cognitive load is achieved by keeping any extraneous load to a minimum. This involves taking care with the instructional design of CLT_250820.indd 14 25/08/2020 15:31
656 pages, 1100+ figures, thousands of formulae or equations that needed resetting – Conceptual Maths, aka Mathsmageddon or Mathspocalypse!
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting
‘about’ (rather than just ‘how to do’) mathematics in schools Peter
C∅
Addition and subtraction Decide the best strategy for the following calculations: 1 9 + 7 2 29 + 27 3 29 + 71 4 92 + 71 5 902 + 701 6 942 + 781 7 992 + 781 8 992 + 8 9 999 + 8 Learners should recognise strategies like near doubles, bonds to 10/100, as well as the strategy we would employ for both 2999 + 2 and 999 + 8, i.e. counting on. As a strategy for addition, counting on makes much more sense when looking at numbers as continuous measures, rather than discrete objects. Indeed, not necessarily all continuous models for numbers easily showcase this strategy. For example, using area with Dienes doesn’t really work: We use this to show that when adding one of the two 1s at the bottom to the row of 1s in the 2999 above, this becomes a row of 10 and can be combined with the other rows of 10 to create a 100 square, which can in turn be combined with the other 100 squares to create 1000 cube, giving 3001. But this is really only column addition (showing that Dienes can be used nicely instead of place value counters for modelling column addition particularly for learners whose understanding of place value is still developing). To really see the power of counting on, we need to use a number line, probably with vectors: Conceptual Maths (given the green rod has a value of 1) With this we very quickly want pupils to recognise that when multiplying a fraction by an integer, we simply multiply the numerator of the fraction by the integer. However, we should also include non-unit fractions and situations where the result simplifies: 8 × 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 (given the green rod has a value of 1) 8 × (given the purple rod has a value of 1) Another thing it is worth doing is to look at this type of multiplication as an area (although it is best to stick to smaller integers and small denominators to keep the area reasonable): The area diagram needs little interpreting. In the above diagram, the yellow rod is being defined as having value of 1. This means the purple rod has value of and so the area is 3 × The question is, what is the value of this area? To answer this, we need to first consider what an area with value of 1 would look like: We can see that a 1 × 1 area is made up of 25 of the smaller squares, and so every 25 squares is equivalent to 1. If we look then at the 3 × area, we can see that this is 60 little squares in area, and so the result of the multiplication is Of course, this is a great place to bring back (assuming they have previously been taught) skills involving converting between mixed numbers and improper fractions, where pupils can give answers to calculations in either form. There is also a very nice activity from Don Steward’s Median blog, where pupils can find missing numbers in fraction and integer multiplications where the answers are all integers: 169 Equality/equivalence/congruence (8 + 5) + 3 = 8 + (5 + 3) The fact that addition is associative leads to some useful strategies for addition, particularly where different parts of the sum are easier to evaluate and evaluating them makes the whole sum easier to evaluate. 1 Use the associative law to help work out the following: a 45 + 72 + 28 b 45 + 72 + 18 145 + 172 + 18 2 Use the associative law to help work out the following: a 36 + 57 + 13 b 36 + 47 + 23 236 + 47 + 123 3 Use the associative law to help work out the following: a 153 + 168 + 32 b 153 + 132 + 68 153 + 132 + 168 Or we can prompt pupils to think about the structure of calculations where the associative law might be useful. Fill in suitable number in the box that would make using the associative law appropriate for completing the addition in each question: 92 + 79 + □ b 56 + 84 + □ 328 + 165 + □ d 149 + □ + 187 264 + □ + 254 27 + □ + 488 We can also demonstrate the multiplication is associative (we can do this in 3D or using two different models for multiplication: (2 × 4) × 7 = 2 × (4 × 7) Functionality A major benefit of this approach is that it can potentially be generalised to sequences whose position to term rules are given by any polynomial function. Pupils who quickly grasp this sort of idea can be offered the opportunity to confirm this sort of conjecture. A different possible approach is to use the algebraic relationships found in the argument/ proof that the terms of the constant sequence are equal to half the coefficient of If we have already shown that the difference between the first two terms of any quadratic sequence is 3 b and we already know the value of then we can find the value of b (technically we can use the difference of 2 between any two terms to find the value of ). Similarly, once we have worked out the values of can use an + bn + c to find the value of c by equating to any specific term (i.e. a + b + c is equal in value to the first term, or 4a + 2b + is equal in value to the second term, etc.) Once pupils are comfortable in identifying the th term of a quadratic sequence we can offer pupils very similar problems to those we offered for linear sequences; remembering that rather than only providing two values, we will need to provide a minimum of three for pupils to establish the quadratic nature. There are plenty of practical problems or visual patterns that give rise to quadratic sequences such as the number of cubes in each row (not the number of cubes in total!): One of the images that can again support bridging from sequences into graph work is the arrangement of tiles to create the quadratic graph: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 367 Shape From two-dimensional polygons the natural transition is to increase to three dimensions and into polyhedra. Concept: polyhedra Prerequisites: Numbers, measures, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division will all be requisite to some properties of polyhedra we will wish to explore. Linked concepts: Shape, transformation, graphing. Having introduced the language of ‘polygon’ to pupils previously as meaning ‘many angles’, pupils will generally be quite accepting of ‘polyhedron’ as meaning ‘many faces’. Of course, we will have to introduce pupils to the language of ‘face’ as being the two-dimensional shapes that make up the surface of the polyhedron (pupils should already be familiar with the language of ‘edge’ and ‘vertex’ from polygons). As with polygons, examples and nonexamples will be useful in making the concept clear: Examples Non-examples as they will in exemplifying the sub-categories of polyhedral such as prisms, pyramids and the five Platonic solids. There are a number of really nice activities that we can offer pupils to allow them to gain familiarity with polyhedra. Exploring nets with Polydron, trying to find different nets of a given polyhedron (such as the 11 nets of a cube or an octahedron): 373 Shape and ask pupils how many cubes in the shape are attached to the front face of the shape. We can then add the third dimension, linking to the number of ‘strips’ of cubes. This leads us nicely to the volume of prism and the formula for calculating: In this prism the area of 25 cm at the front tells us how many squares make up the area of the hexagon, but it also tells us how many cubes are in the first row of cubes in the prism. Pupils can then recognise this leads us to the formula for calculating the volume of the prism by calculating the area of the cross-section and multiplying by the depth. This can lead to calculating the volume of different prisms, including prisms that have irregular cross-sections. Find the volume of this prism: 10cm 8cm 3cm From this we can explore pyramids – there are some great animations out there that show that the volume of a pyramid is one third the volume of a prism; this image below from Don Steward comes from a blog post that contains a Geogebra applet that allows the user to edit the dimensions of the cuboid and then split it into three pyramids, rotating them so they can clearly be seen. The cuboid has a length, width, w and height, h Shape R As the cylinder’s volume can be calculated by πr (as h = r and the volume of the cone can be calculated by π then the volume of the hemisphere must be π (and therefore the full sphere would be ). It is worth noting that at the current time of writing, pupils only need to remember or derive the formula for surface area and volume of cylinders (at least in the English curriculum pre-16); the formula for curved surface area and volume of a cone and sphere will be provided if required in examinations. For some teachers, this will mean that some will decide there is no need to go through all of this derivation or demonstrations – I have sympathy with this viewpoint but do believe there are relationships here that are worth taking the time to explore and that it is important pupils retain a sense of what it is they are calculating – how many square units can be placed on the surface of shape or how many cubic units can fit inside a space. Practice applying these formulae to different shapes will be useful for pupils to further cement their developed understanding, alongside the usual compound shapes. Again, the inimitable Don Steward has some great stuff for this, including activities prompting the comparison of a sphere, cone and cylinder, a lovely animation showing how cone and hemisphere can be combined to create cylinder, and a video showing the derivation above. Before leaving behind curved shapes, one area that pupils may study in pre-16 mathematics will be angle diagrams involving circles. It is to these that we turn next. Conceptual Maths b2 c a This is therefore often seen as the sum of the areas of the squares attached to the legs of the right triangle is equal to the area of the square attached to the hypotenuse. In reality, any shapes can be attached to the triangle, provided they are similar to each other. C C B Conceptual Maths b b b The area idea can be helpful in seeing why this is the case: if the angle opposite grows smaller than a right-angle, then the length of will shrink, and therefore so will the area of the square (or other shape) attached to it. However, if the angle opposite grows larger than right angle, the length of will grow and therefore so will its square. Something like this can be modelled nicely using dynamic geometry software such as Geogebra, with pupils and teachers being able to manipulate the size of the angle and examine the resulting change on the area. Of course, we have to take care that remains the longest side of the triangle, particularly in the case of 2 if becomes the biggest side then we might have c a whilst the triangle is still obtuse. Pythagoras’ theorem can be applied in many different contexts, both mathematical and non-mathematical. Some of these will come up in later chapters, but this is an opportune moment to interweave some of those pupils have already seen: Find the length of the diagonal of this rectangle. 8cm Find the area of this 27cm Find the surface area of the triangular prism. 5cm 8cm Find the length DC. D O Transformation and vectors G D L K F Once pupils are finding vector expressions like these, it is important to highlight or prompt recognition of certain key features – for example, in the diagram above, = 3 + 3b and = 2 + 2b Pupils should realise that this implies that and are parallel but that is 1.5 times longer than (or conversely that ). These sorts of properties are important when it comes to pupils proving geometrical relationships using vectors. A nice follow-on to the above activity is this: b − 3b 3 + b 3 + b − b 2 3 H 516 An important aspect of bar charts that pupils need to appreciate is that the lengths are only the natural comparison because each bar is equal width. If we contrast this with the bar chart below: Average daily customers 40 30 James' Italian restaurant Pizza place we can see that the first bar is wider; the person drawing this has made the bar wide enough to stretch over the name of the category. The effect of this is to make the left-hand bar appear significantly larger than the right-hand bar, even though it is actually supposed to represent only 10 more customers. This is because, with bars of different widths, the brain adjudges size by area and naturally compares areas rather than lengths or heights. It is only when the bars are the same width, and so length and area are proportional, that the brain is free to focus on length as representative of value. In general, pupils should be aware that when we construct charts that use rectangles to represent values, then the width of each rectangle should be constant unless there is a good mathematical reason for them not to be. There are other ways that bar charts can be misleading to their audience. Pupils should be made aware of the different ways that bar charts could be misleading, and how the normal design of a bar chart mitigates against these: 1 Frequency starting at 0: Graph 1000 Number of votes 985 980 970 965 955 950 Pizza Hot dogs Hamburgers Favourite food Graph 1 1000 Number of votes 700 400 100 Pizza Hot dogs Hamburgers Favourite food 522 Answer 'True', 'Maybe' or 'False' to each of the following questions concerning the two pie charts above: 1 Out of the five flavours, vanilla was the least chosen. 2 Four times as many Year 7 pupils chose chocolate than Year 12 pupils. 3 Year 12 chose strawberry more than any other flavour. 4 More than 1/4 of the pupils chose strawberry. 5 Fewer Year 12 pupils chose lemon than Year 7 pupils. As well as comparing pie charts to each other, a nice activity to get pupils thinking about the different representations is to prompt pupils to compare pie charts with bar charts, like in this task adapted from Don Steward: Match the pie chart and the bar chart that show the same data. Q b Pictograms, bar charts and pie charts are generally used with categorical data. Pie charts are also used for discrete and even continuous data (although more rarely) when comparing parts to a whole. If, however, we want to compare frequencies of numerical data or grouped numerical data, there are other charts that pupils will need to be familiar with. The Concept: vertical line chart Prerequisites: Number, discrete data, tally chart/data collection sheet, Linked concepts: Pictogram, bar chart, pie chart, frequency chart, histogram. Steward, Relating Charts to Data Sets, [blog] (20 March 2011). Available at: https://donsteward.blogspot.com/ 2011/03/relating-charts-to-data-sets.html. 572 shading in vertical lines up to the plotted line, so that pupils can see how we are only shading values up to the line. Another thing that pupils should understand about graphing inequalities is that the shading is designed to highlight the region that obeys the inequality/inequalities. Whilst there is only one inequality or two parallel inequalities, the best way to draw attention to that region is to shade it in. However, when we have several overlapping inequalities, shading in (at least one at a time) leads to confusion as to what is considered part of the region and what isn’t. Represent the inequalities y ≤ 5 − 3 − 2 and ≥ −2 on the axes below: 10 We can see that it is not clear which region actually satisfies all the inequalities. Of course, we could simply draw all the lines and then try and figure out which region it is that satisfies all three inequalities, but the likelihood of mistake is high (plus this is not an approach that can be automated). It is here that pupils need to understand that the best way to draw attention to the region required is to ‘shade it out’; that is, as each inequality is plotted we shade the region that is not included in the inequality (this does not affect the lines, as the boundaries will either be included or not either way). This will then leave the feasible region as the only unshaded space in the plane. A nice activity to include to develop this further is to begin to consider linear programming and integer programming problems. Whilst full linear programming is not explored with 637 Data handling Once pupils are happy with the idea of finding median and quartiles from raw data, and using these to draw a box plot, then we can offer pupils the opportunity to find the same information from a cumulative frequency diagram: Cumulative frequency Height (cm) In understanding measures of average and consistency, pupils are developing the tools to compare distributions. When looking at different representations of data in Chapter 13, we looked at the insight into distributions that different charts could give, and now is the time where pupils should recognise what different distributions show and how they compare: More consistent Median Mean Frequency Positively skewed Normal (no skew) Negatively skewed Mode Mean Mode Mean
M⩠th⫓ Teaching
Mattock
ncep±ua∣
award-winning speaker, mental health ambassador and education consultant, Teach Learn Create Ltd Fringes_FP.indd 1
Gilbert Filbert and his big MAD box is the story of one boy’s desire to make a difference and help his mother find her smile again. It is a book about a boy, a box and a battle for a penguin but, more than that, it is a tale about families, hope and how to make dreams come true.
Gilbert’s deceptively simple, entertaining story contains profound insights about how to feel self-belief and get things done.
Tricia Lennie, English teacher and writer
An invaluable way for adults to help children think through different scenarios and come to a solution by themselves.
Caroline Roche, Chartered School Librarian, Eltham College
The powerful set of thinking
www.independentthinkingpress.com
Chapter 2
When Gilbert arrived home the following day he found grandma sitting in the kitchen as usual, a half-eaten packet of fig rolls in front of her as usual, a pot of tea and two mugs on the table as usual and, unusually, a strange box in her hands.
‘What’s that in your hands?’ asked Gilbert.
‘A box,’ replied grandma, as if unusually holding an unusual box was the most usual thing in the world. ‘A box with seven sides.’
Gilbert could see that the box was made out of old cereal packets and an empty box of Bakewell tarts that his grandma had cut up earlier that day. He could tell that because on the kitchen top was an old vase full of Coco Pops. Heaven knows where she had put the cakes. He could also see that, like most boxes, it had six sides.
‘That box has got six sides actually, grandma.’
‘Is that what you think?’ replied grandma mysteriously.
On each of the six sides that Gilbert could see, grandma had written a word in her old-fashioned, shaky handwriting, and although Gilbert couldn’t make out what all the words were, he could see the side closest to him had the word ‘Goal’ on it. Or it might have been ‘Goat’.
DO
Girl Bullying
and intimate information exchanged ‘in confidence’ and ‘in friendship’ can then become a weapon more brutal than a fist or a hammer. Marius Frank, Materials Director, Achievement for All Dr Sam touches upon every angle to provide a good read and educate those who are in a position to reduce any sort of bullying. Jas Bassi, Clinical Hypnotherapist Girl Bullying will be reassuring to readers who are seeking to understand and tackle the complex and dark world of bullying. They will be given confidence to tackle this difficult subject.
Girl Bullying Dr Sam education
Former Chair, Anti-Bullying Alliance Bullying is a thorny subject that can make or break a school’s reputation. Reading Girl Bullying has given me a greater insight into the issue and enabled me to look at my school’s policies and their effectiveness with fresh eyes. Beverley Dandy, Head Teacher, Outwoods Primary School Girl Bullying is a book that all of us working in schools should read and act upon. Geoff Barton, Head Teacher, King Edward VI School GirlBullying_FP.indd 1 18/09/2015 09:45 13
Gilbert_071116.indd 13 11/11/2016 13:13 243 Appendix 1 Summary of results of the ‘Do I Look
Bothered?’ (DiLB) survey
Tom Fitton | Design and Typesetting A leadership fable about transformational change in schools Different Different Dare to be Dare to be Will Ryan Will Ryan www.crownhouse.co.uk Education Leadership Brian Smith: head teacher, hero in waiting Dare to be Different is the fictional tale of a primary school head teacher who listens to what his political masters have to say, but then sets out to inspire real transformational change by doing the exact opposite and leading through his own values and beliefs. In this light-hearted yet insightful journey into the soul of education, Will Ryan shares the trials and tribulations of the story’s fearless protagonist, Brian Smith, as he strives to take back ownership of what happens in the classroom and build a vibrant curriculum with which to hook the imaginations of today’s children. Exploring the significant challenges that heads often have to overcome in order to turn their dream into a reality, Dare to be Different is a must-read leadership fable for all school leaders – in both primary and secondary settings – who are looking to promote excellence and raise aspirations within their schools and wider communities. Will Ryan has worked in schools in South Yorkshire for over forty years as a teacher, head teacher and local authority adviser. As a head teacher he led a school that prized itself on genuine pupil creativity and was described by Ofsted as ‘outstanding’. He is a speaker and Associate of Independent Thinking Ltd. Sure to stimulate debate, reflection, laughter and hope. John West-Burnham, Honorary Professor of Educational Leadership, University of Worcester Will Ryan skilfully weaves a believable and engaging work of fiction with a golden thread of truly inspirational educational philosophy. James Kilner, Director, JEK Education Ltd, former Ofsted inspector Dare to be Different is quite an achievement and is a treasure trove for anyone interested in education. David Cameron, education consultant, The Real David Cameron Ltd Laced with humour and good practical advice, Dare to be Different deserves to become required reading material in staffrooms for years to come. Neil Short, Chair, National Association of Small Schools If you want to create a school in which everybody thinks they can achieve, and in which they have a duty both to achieve and to help others achieve, then this could be the book for you. Amanda Wassell, Head Teacher, St Bede’s Catholic Primary School and Nursery Dare_FP.indd 1 Preventing exclusion in schools through inclusive, child-centred, needs-based practice On the Fringes On the Fringes Jackie Ward Jackie Ward www.crownhouse.co.uk Education Teaching of specific groups and persons with special educational needs Too many of our vulnerable young people are being excluded –even those with special educational needs (SEN) and the very young who are only just on the cusp of school life. In On the Fringes, Jackie Ward examines this critical issue through the lens of her experiences in both mainstream and specialist settings and presents practical, solution-focused guidance to help schools deliver the inclusive education that every child deserves. In doing so she offers informed inspiration to teachers and SEN practitioners working with some of our most vulnerable children – who, without our care, compassion and tailored provision, are too often destined for lives on the fringes of society. Suitable for teachers, school leaders, SEN professionals, policy-makers and parents. Jackie Ward was a primary school teacher for over 25 years –and a deputy head and special educational needs coordinator (SENCO) at a primary pupil referral unit (PRU) for eight years – prior to taking early retirement and setting up her own business in 2016. She is now an independent behaviour and special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) consultant working in mainstream primary and secondary schools. On the Fringes rightly suggests that there is another way – based around more creative and proactive child-friendly strategies that allow every child to feel that they can succeed. Will Ryan, education consultant and former assistant head of school effectiveness and Excellence in Cities coordinator, Rotherham Borough Council Packed with useful tips and advice, this solution-focused resource delves into why some groups are more vulnerable to exclusion than others, with a specific focus on those children and young people who have significant undiagnosed needs and complex mental health difficulties. Cherryl Drabble, author and Assistant Head Teacher, Highfurlong School This book is for any teacher, parent or educationalist. It’s a personal perspective as well as a professional reflection on what we need to do in order to ensure that every child in every school has their individual needs met to the best of our ability. Nina Jackson, author,
MAD box and his big Gilbert Filbert
Ian Gilbert and Andy Gilbert
Ian Gilbert
and Andy Gilbert
MAD box
and his big
Gilbert Filbert
tools included in this book will help young people to develop habits of mind that will last a lifetime. Drawing on proven thinking and success strategies used by leading businesses and organisations, this entertaining, accessible and humorous book is designed to show young people the power of having a goal, having a plan and making a difference. A goal without a plan, they say, is just a wish. This book has been written especially for young people to show them how to set about turning wishes into reality by applying the sorts of planning tools usually only found in big business. Education Study and learning skills Children’s and Teenage Fiction and True Stories (age 11+)
Dr Sam
LOOK BOTHERED?
DO I LOOK BOTHERED? bullying and anti bullying strategies
Folk wisdom usually has something insightful to say. But not in this case. This sticks and stones stuff is about as devoid of sense and psychological awareness as it’s possible to get. There’s a crisis going on in our schools and in cyberspace that needs our attention – now. Informed action is needed to prevent another generation of young people from becoming distrustful, defensive and psychologically damaged. This situation affects girls and young women in particular. Girl Bullying aims to increase understanding of the fallout, psychological impact and support strategies for both the victims and the perpetrators of bullying. essential reading for anyone working with, or caring for, girls of all ages Dr Sam is a child psychologist with extensive experience of working closely on government policy, school approaches to bullying and anti-bullying strategies in schools. She has worked with many of the country’s leading children’s charities on welfare and safeguarding research, supported young people in court and run private child behaviour clinics in the UK, including London’s Harley Street, working with children, young people and their families. Girl Bullying goes straight to the heart of the matter: girls practise and rehearse social relationships with an intensity unmatched by your average boy. Personal
‘Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.’
Christopher Cloke, Head of Safeguarding in Communities, NSPCC,
responses 60 50 40 30 20 % respondents Trustworthy/loyal/honest/keeps your secrets Kind Caring/understanding Supportive/helpful Laughs/is funny Helpful Always there for you Doesn’t slag you off/name call Happy Listens Good manners Respectful Doesn’t hurt your feelings Doesn’t pick on you Same interests 10 0 Figure 1: Q1. Name three qualities that make a good friend. DoI_180915.indd 243 22/09/2015 08:51
‘Does that say “Goat”?’ Gilbert asked.