Tomasz Owsianka Third Year Design Portfolio BA Architecture Part 1 University of Greenwich

CLERKENWELL COLUMBARIUM Tomasz Owsianka 000778999-8 Course: Architectural Design 3: ARCT-1041 & ARCT-1042 Course Co-ordinator: Max Dewdney Tutors: Ned Scott + Georgios Loizos 23.05.2018

Scenario 1: Replace 1 Plank at Each Interval

Original Ship T=0

T=1000

Scenario 2: Reuse 1 Plank at Each Interval to built Exact Replica

Scenario 1:

Scenario 2:

Scenario 3:

The ship @ T<500

is The Ship Of Theseus (with some Replicated Parts)

@ T<500

is

Original Ship of Theseus + A Set of Original Parts

The ship @ T=500

is Half Replica, Half Original Ship of Theseus

@ T=500

is

2 Sets of Original Parts

The ship @ T>500

is A Replica (with some Original Parts)

@ T>500

is

Set of Parts from Original + reassembled Ship Of Theseus

The ship @ T=1000 is A Full Replica

London 400AD

T=500

T=2

T=1

@ T=1000 is

Clerkenwell 1720

S1

+

S2

The Ship Of Theseus

Clerkenwell 1756

Clerkenwell 1805

The Ship Of Theseus + Palimpsest + the Restoration and Preservation of Clerkenwell The Ship of Theseus Paradox is a accurate metaphor for the evolution and development of cities. It also illustrates the attitude towards the brief of Palimpsest.

Clerkenwell 2015

Parcel Office, south-west corner, following bomb damage, showing steel-framed lavatory wing; highlevel walkway to letter office beyond

Mount Pleasant Sorting Office. Parcel Office, north-east corner, c. 1910

Clerkenwell Aggregate Bomb Census 7th Oct 1940 to 6th June 1941

WWII Bomb Sites in Clerkenwell Map showing an aggregate of bombs landed during the Second World War in the area of Clerkenwell, featuring the Project Site of Mount PLeasant, the Royal Mail Sorting Office, one of the most important sites in the area, and one which was heavily damanged in the th bombing raids.

The bombing of London during the Second World War was a major event in the cityĘźs history, identity, evolution. It is therefore a starting point and catalyst for the Clerkenwell Columbarium.

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Clerkenwell Derivé

Key Postbox WWII Bomb Site Fragment taken at Bomb Site Derivé Path with Overvation25m Radius Link to Closest Postbox

Context Map

The Derivé undertaken used Post Boxes and WWII bomb sites as starting points and subsequent landmarkers for the journey.

The diagram describes a link between the Post Boxes and WWII bomb sites and ideantifies the Mount Pleasant Sorting Centre as a key point of interest.

Clerkenwell

1

4

2

7 5

3

8 6

9

Catalogue of Scanned Fragments

Context Map

These nine fragments were 3D scanned from the vicinities of WWII bomb sites from around the Key Point Of Interest: Mount Pleasant Mail Sorting Office

Moun t Pleas ant

1

8

3

9

2

4 7

Mount Pleasant Proximity

5 6

Fragment Detail 1:10 Detail drawing of one of the scanned frogments focusing of texture.

Metal Frame

Windows & Arches

Doors

Columns

Walls

Gates

Stairs & Stoops Concrete Slab

Collage: Types of Thresholds The Threshold is a key concept in architectural design and the experience of architecture; the Clerkenwell Columbarium celebrates and each type of threshold.

DESIGN DRIVER ONE: WWII Bomb Sites as Key Points of Interest The conceptual collage shows the present day building being scanned by automated drones, with the overlay of the damage casued by the WWII bomb dropped on this location in 1940.

The identified WWII Bomb Sites act as Points of Preservation; in their proximity, architectural details (which would be lost if the same damage occured now) will be scanned to be replicated and preserved.

Context Map

Moun t Pleas ant

Mount Pleasant Proximity

DESIGN DRIVER TWO: Sorting and Archiving Inspired by the Mount Pleasant Royal Mail Sorting Office, the Architectural Fragments will be sorted, organised, and moved in simlar ways.

DESIGN DRIVER THREE: Automation The need for human labour is being erroded by Artifitial Inteligence and Automated Machinery, the Clerkenwell Columbarium embraces these concepts to work within the building as well as during its construction.

Site

Calthrope Street

1 - South Western Parking Entrance

1 Postal Museum

Sunken Carpark prospective Project Building Site

2 Farringdon Road

Phoenix Place

Gough

Street

2 - North Eastern Parking Entrance

Pheonix Place Mount Pleasant Mail Sorting Office

3 - Eastern Post Ofice Facade

Exmouth Market

3 ue

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be

se Ro

4 - Southern Corner of Mt. Pleasant and Pheonix Place

n ve yA

4 Site Plan Map showing the Mount Pleasant Mail Sorting Office, the Project Site located in the car park of Mt. Pleasant, and proximate buildings, as well as site photos of the Sorting Office and Project site.

1:1000 @ A2 0m 10m 20m 30m 40m 50m

Clerkenwell

PROPOSED Clerkenwell Columbarium

1885 - Birdʼs-eye view of prison at its greatest extent

1896 - Mount Pleasant Sorting Office, block plan

1943 - Parcel Office, south-west corner, following bomb damage

2001 to PRESENT - Mount Pleasant Sorting Office

PROPOSED - Phase 2 of Residential Development

Site History The time line shows how the Project Site has changed throughout history as well as the proposed development and the Design Project interrupting the completion of the development after ‘Phase 2ʼ.

PROPOSED - Completed Residential Development

Clerkenwell Connections to Site

Key Mail Rail Project Site Piccadilly Line Northern Line Circle Line Hammersmith & City Line Metroplitan Line Thameslink

Central Line Great Northern Walking Distance 5/10mins Bus Numbers: 46, 17, 45 Bus Numbers: 19, 341, 38 Bus Numbers: 243, 55, 19 Bus Numbers: 63

The map shows all possible connections to the site of Mount Pleasant including London Underground, buses and the subterranean tunnel system formerly utilised by Royal Mail.

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St re e

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PROJECT SITE

1 - 4 STOREYS

RESIDENTIAL

4 - 8 STOREYS

COMMERTIAL

8 - 12 STOREYS

CULTURAL

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PROJECT SITE

Rose b

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BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

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BUILDING HEIGHTS

BUILDING HEIGHTS

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BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Analysis of Buildings Surrounding The Project Site The two diagram plans describe the buildings adjacent to the project site, this will inform the design of the project building and attitude towards the project site.

FOOD & DRINK PUBS

Clerkenwell

7 8

6

1 3

4 2 5

1 - THE FOUNDLING MUSEUM

PROJECT SITE ARCHIVES

2 - CHARLES DICKENS MUSEUM

3 - THE POSTAL MUSEUM

4 - MOUNT PLEASANT MAIL SORTING CENTRE

5 - MARX MEMORIAL LIBRARY & WORKERSʼ SCHOOL

6 - LONDON METROPOLITAN ARCHIVES

7 - ISLINGTON MUSEUM

8 - URBAN LOCKER SELF STORAGE

Forms of Archives Around Clerkenwell An exporation of the ‘archiveʼ building typology in the Clerkenwell area. Museums and Libraries are depositories of objects and infromation and act as archives.

Clerkenwell

2004 - 127 cars 8

Letter Volume Growth Economic and Household Growth

6

25

25

2

20

20

0

15

-2

15

10

-4 -6 -8

Total of Offices

4

Annual Total (Billions)

% Per Annum

2015 - 78 cars

2009 - 92 cars

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

LETTER VOLUME VS ECONOMIC GROWTH

2003

2006

2009

10

5 0

5

1919

1929

1939

1949

1959

1969

1979

LETTERS DELIVERED BY ROYAL MAIL

1989

1999

2009

Postal Decline - Identifiting the Project Site The images show that the carpark of the Mount Pleasant Mail Sorting Office has been utilised less and less through out the years which suggests using the Pit of the carpark as a site for the Project Building wonʼt interfere with the operations of the Sorting Office.

This is supported by the data showing a decrease in the total levels of operation of Royal Mail.

0

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

NUMBER OF POST OFFICES

Precedents

Archived Drawings of Mt. Pleasant in the Postal Museum Archives

Original Plan Drawing highlighting the different conveyors.

Original Plan Drawing highlighting the different conveyors.

Postal Archive Visit - Precedent Conveyor System Analysis The Mount Pleasant Royal Mail Sorting Office used an complex conveyor system to move mail and packages through the building.

This is a 3D modelled representation of the conveyor system. Colours denote the desitation and type of packages.

Postal Archive Visit - Precedent Conveyor System Analysis and Design The Mount Pleasant Royal Mail Sorting Office used an complex conveyor system to move mail and packages through the building.

Having analysed the precedent, a conveyor system was designed to: 1. Facilitate the construction of the building and 2. Transport the Fragements through the building.

PRECEDENT: Journey of the Letter

Posting

Pick Up

Disorganised Transfer

Culler Facer Canceller Machine: Sorts into 1st Class; 2nd Class; Oversized

Inteligent Letter Sorting Machine: Reads post code, Prints unique barcode + Compact Sequence Sorting Machine: Sorts into order of delivery

Organised Transfer

Organise

Distribution

RESPONSE: Journey of the Fragment

Identifing + Scanning

Gallery: Displaying

UPLOADING + ANALYSING

Cast Court 1: Uploading Scan

Cast Court 2: 3D Printing

Cast Court 3: Coating / Dissolving

Cast Court 3: Drip Drying

Cast Court 4: Framing

Cast Court 5: Storing

Forum: Voting

ExtErior FramE: Archiving

Identifying Processes and Spaces Using Mount Pleasant Royal Mail Sorting Office as precedent and having identified processes in the sorting and organising mail, an analogous sequence of events was developed to deal with scanned and replicated architectural fragments.

The processes dictate the spaces.

Design

Development

recePtion

~25m2

teSting room

diSPlaY ~900m2

~600m2

Forum ~2000m2

FaBrication laBoratorY

BacKroom ~900m2

~1000m2

Sorting ~800m2

SUPERVISORʼS living QuarterS

~4000m2

~20m2

arcHive

~200m2

receiving

PUBLIC PUBLIC VIEW, NO ACCESS PRIVATE

Spaces, Precedents, and General Arrangement Identified spaces, their precedents, and proximate required floor space area. They are roughly connected or overlapped to convey connections between the spaces and progression through them.

Techniques of Presenting Artefacts: The V&A Cast Courts The artefacts are arranged densely on the walls and on the display floor. There is an effort to present the artefacts themselves CitĂŠ de lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Architecture et du Patrimoine sef

Techniques of Preserving Artefacts: The V&A Cast Courts Artefacts are protected during transit and storing by being encased in a light-weight frame.

Fragment Display The Clekernwell Columbarium aims to celebrate both sides of the fragments and how they are created.

Fragments are mounted on a metal frame, then placed on concrete 3D Printed display stands.

Caption Text

First Iteration Massing

Key Public Public View, No Access Private

Calthrope Street

Rosebery Avenue

Farringdon Road

Phoenix Place

Scale 1:1000 Conveyor SyStem

0 5m 10m

25m

First Iteration Plan 50m

FragmantS

1:500 @ A2 0m

5m

10m 15m 20m 25m

Mount Pleasant

First Iteration Long Section

1:200 @ A2

CONVEYOR SYSTEM FRAGMANTS

Mount Pleasant

Repair + Suplies

Forum

Gallery Sorting + Manufacturing

Storing

Workshop

Research Labs

Gate

Second Iteration: Plan on Site

Cross Section: Forum and Gallery Design

Long Section: Procession from Entrance to Forum

Tallest in the London

Walls

Tallest in the World

+22.5m

6m - Roman Wall

40m - Buland Darwaza, India

8.5m (16m to top) - Admiralty Arch

22.5m

Doors

Gates

19m - The Western Wall, Israel

+0m (Ground Level) 140m - NASA, USA

6.5m - St. Pauls Cathedral

-3.75m

m

Windows

15

15

m

20m - The Resurrection Cemetery in Justice, USA

6m - Private Residence Typical Cast Court

Fragments Informing Cast Court Design Looking at some of the largest architectural Thresholds from around the world and in London will inform the dimensions of the Cast Courts necessary, and influence the scale of the building spaces.

Although the Clerkenwell Columbarium will initially operate on within the confines of Clerkenwell, London, it is important to identify the largest possible fragments to give a relative reference point and inform the scale of the project if scaled to encompass other countries or continents.

Third Iteration Cross Section: Highlighting Column Grid and 3D Printed Fragments

1:200 @ A2

Third Iteration Cross Section

1:200 @ A2

CONVEYOR SYSTEM FRAGMANTS

Mount Pleasant

PUBLIC vs PRIVATE

IN vs OUT

PUBLIC vs PRIVATE and IN vs OUT Zone Diagrams

Key Private Public

Indoors Outdoors (exposed) Outdoors (covered)

Diagrams showing the different areas of the building and site and the design approach to them.

Original Scanned Fragment

Traced Simplifing Drawing

Beginning to suggest Steps and Orientation

Democratic Fragment Selection Forum The process of curating the Gallery within the Clerkenwell Columbarium is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;automatedĘź by being outsourced to the to public sphere.

The preservation of architectural will be an transparent cooperative proccess.

Visitors discuss and vote on whether fragments should be displayed and preserved within the building or moved to the outdoor archive, left to be slowly erroded by the elements and time itself.

The design of the forum originates with the form and monolithic nature of the Church Arch Scanned Fragment.

Arranging Seating, Focul Point, and Circulation

1885 - Birdʼs-eye view of Coldbath Fields Prison

1885 - Coldbath Fields Prison Plan

11500mm

7800mm

900mm

1885 - Front view of Prison Gate

470mm

5800mm

600mm

3600mm

1200mm

1885 - Prison Gate Dimentions

The Artefact Gate The Artefact Gate is an ode to the former entrance gate of the Coldbath Fields Prison which was preserved and intergrated into the first postal office after the prisonʼs demolition.

Based on the original gates proportions, entrance gate of the Clerkenwell Columbarium is an open form of archive, wearing itʼs display pieces as a celebration, rather than hiding them away.

Cast Court 1: Hologram Room This space offers visitors the chance to see fragments that have been scanned, but not yet physically replicated, as a hologramic projection.

The sunken nature of the Cast Court Basements lends itself to the lighting conditions required.

Design

Resolution and

Proposition

Postal Museum

Pho

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Plac

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12.

Mount Pleasant Royal Mail Sorting Office Crown Plaza Hotel

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et

Calthorpe Stre

5.

11.

6.

8.

8.

4.

1.

Mount Pleasant Royal Mail Post Office

7.

Farringdon Road

1. Main Entrace - Artefact Gate

7. Street Level 0

2. Glass Roof Panels

8. Exposed Archive Level - 1

3. Metal Roof Panels

9. Gallery Level -1.5

4. Conveyor Rail - with robotic arm for moving printed fragments between Cast Courts

10. Cast Court Level -2

5. Printed Fragments

12. Forum Levels -1.5 to +1 public selction of Fragments to be diplayed

6. Concre Super-Structure

11. Triple Glazing

13. Utility Access ramp

AMENDED DRAWING: Roof Plan With Context 1:500 @ A1 0m

5m

10m 15m 20m 25m

Calthorpe Street

13.

6.

7.

Pho enix Plac e

5.

15.

11.

8.

10.

12.

16.

Farringdon Road

9.

3.

4.

2.

1.

13.

14.

Mount Pleasant Royal Mail Sorting Office

1. Cast Court 1: Hologram Previewing 1a. Research Office 1b. Drone Docking Station

8. Main Entrance Gate - Artefact Gate

14. Conveyor Rail - with robotic arm for moving printed fragments between Cast Courts

9. Lobby and security

15. Printed Fragments

2. Cast Court 2: 3D Printing

10. Grand Staircase

16. Access Ramp - Staff Entrance, Deliveries, Emergency Exit no. 3.

3. Cast Court 3: Cleaning and Drying

5. Cast Court 5: Testing

11. Gallery Space - Displaying and Public Archiving 11a. 3D Printed Insert: Display Podiums 11b. Visitor CafĂŠ 11c. Public Toilets 11d. Bookstore

6. Cast Court 6: Framing

12. Public Forum - Democratic Voting, Selecting, and Sorting

7. Cast Court 7: Storing

13. Exposed Archive Level - 1

4. Cast Court 4: Repairing

AMENDED DRAWING: Ground Level Plan: Public Realm + Open Cast Courts 1:200 @ A1

0m

2.5m

1.875m 3.75m

5m

10m

7.5m

15m

20m

7. Cast Court 7: Storing

6. Cast Court 6: Framing

5. Cast Court 5: Testing

7a. 3D Printed Insert: Storing Racks 7b. Maintenance Access Tunnel 7c. Fragments ready for display

6a.

6b.

6c.

6d.

6e.

6f.

5a.

5b.

5c.

5d.

5e.

5f.

5g.

3D Printed Insert: Rotating Printing Podiums Automated Metal Works Robots 3D Printed Insert: Storage Rack and raw metal materials Maintenance tracks Maintenance Access Tunnel Fumes Extractor

Filament Spool User programmed 3D printer 3D Printed Insert: Rotating printing podiums 3D Printed Insert: Tool Racks and benches Maintenance tracks Maintenance Access Tunnel Emergency Exit no. 2

6e.

6c.

5f.

5.

7c.

5e.

6b.

6a.

6b.

5b.

7a.

12.

7b.

5c.

5d.

5a.

7a.

12.

7c.

6f.

6d.

Cast Court 7: Storing

5d.

Cast Court 6: Framing

12.

Cast Court 5: Testing

5g.

5f.

13.

10.

8.

11.

10.

15.

11.

14.

Cast Court 4: Repairing

Cast Court 2: 3D Printing

Cast Court 3: Cleaning and Drying

Cast Court 1: Hologram Previewing

9.

4a.

3c.

3a.

1b.

1d.

1c.

3b.

4d.

2c.

12.

4f.

2a.

2b.

2d.

1a.

4b.

4e.

2e.

12.

3f.

3e.

12.

1g.

4c.

4d.

3d.

1e.

1f.

8. Main Entrance - (Level 0)

4. Cast Court 4: Repairing

3. Cast Court 3: Cleaning and Drying

2. Cast Court 2: 3D Printing

1. Cast Court 1: Hologram Previewing

9. Access Ramp - Staff Entrance, Deliveries, Emergency Exit no. 3.

4a.

4b.

4c.

4d.

4e.

4f.

3a.

3b.

3c.

3d.

3e.

3f.

2a.

2b.

2c.

2d.

2e.

1a. Visitor Stairs from Gallery Level 1b. Hologram Projectors 1c. 3D Printed Insert: Projection Podiums 1d. Holographic projection 1e. Maintenance Access Stairs to upper levels 1f. Maintenance Access Tunnel 1g. Visitor Lift

10. Conveyor Rail - with robotic arm for moving printed fragments between Cast Courts 11. Printed Fragments 12. Metal Floor Panels 13. Pre-existing Soil 14. Gallery Space (Level -1.5) 15. Grid Layout (3.75m or 7.5m spacing)

Filament Spools Automated 3D printer robots Maintenance Robots 3D Printed Insert: Storage Rack Maintenance tracks Maintenance Access Door

3D Printed Insert: Rainwater collection tank with Filter 3D Printed Insert: PVA dissolving/ Cleaning tank Printed Fragments with PVA structural supports Cleaned Fragments 3D Printed Insert: Drying Rack Maintenance Access Tunnel

Filament Spool Automated 3D printer 3D Printed Insert: Rotating printing podiums Maintenance tracks Printed Fragments with PVA structural supports

0m

AMENDED DRAWING: Level -2 Plan: Cast Courts 1-7 - Excavated Spaces 1:200 @ A1 2.5m

1.875m 3.75m

5m

10m

7.5m

15m

20m

16.

20.

16.

17.

6.

17.

4.

4.

4.

16.

2.

16.

12.

22.

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15.

12.

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5.

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1.

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16.

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5.

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19.

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19.

9.

11.

11.

Key Features of Cast Court 3:

6. Steel Super-Structure

14. Inside

1. Water Tank - dissolving excess material from printing process.

7. Street Level 0

15. Double Glazing

8. Exposed Archive Level - 1

16. Triple Glazing

9. Gallery Level -1.5

17. Insulated Roof Panels

10. Cast Court Level -2

18. Pile and Raft Hybrid Foundation

11. Metal Floor Panels

19. 3D Printed Retaining Walls

12. Connection Points

20. 3D Printed Concrete Columns

13. Outside

21. Mount Pleasant Mail Sorting Office

2. Rainwater Collection Tank with built-in water filter.

3. Drying Rack - drip-drying printed fragments.

4. Conveyor Rail - moving printed fragments between Cast Courts 5. Printed Fragments

22. Crown Plaza Hotel 23. Calthorpe Street

7.

0m

AMENDED DRAWING: Cross Section 1:200 @ A1

2.5m

1.875m 3.75m

5m

10m

7.5m

15m

20m

9.

4.

15.

5c.

1.

14.

6.

7.

2.

8.

11.

12.

12.

5a.

13.

5a.

5b.

9.

0m

NEW DRAWING: Public Forum Section 1:100 @ A1 2.5m

1.875m

5m

3.75m

1. Cast Court 3: Water Tank dissolving excess material from printing process.

6. Steel Super-Structure

2. Cast Court 3: Rainwater Collection Tank with built-in water filter.

8. Raised Walkway Level - 1

3. Drying Rack - drip-drying printed fragments.

10. Triple Glazing

4. Conveyor Rail - moving printed fragments between Cast Courts 5. Printed Fragments 5a. Diplayed on 3D printed Stands 5b. Being Voted on by Vistors 5c. Moving to Archive

7.5m

7. Street Level 0

9. Gallery Level -1.5

11. 3D Printed Retaining Walls 12. 3D Printed Concrete Column 13. 3D Printed Concrete Seating 14. 3D Printed Concrete Arches Seperating the Public and Private Realms 15. Mount Pleasant Mail Sorting Office

10m

3.

5.

1.

15.

9.

6.

17.

4.

20.

11.

21.

12.

13.

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13c.

2.

19.

13b.

18.

16.

13a.

7.

10.

10.

8.

22.

1. Mount Pleasant Post Office

15. Insulated Roof Panels

2. Entrance Gate (Street/ Level 0)

9. Conveyor Rail - moving printed fragments between Cast Courts, the forum, and into the Gallery

3. Fragments on Artefact Gate

10. Public Forum

17. Mount Pleasant Mail Sorting Office

4. Steel Frame

11. Cast Court 1

18. Pheonix Place

5. Concrete Super-Structure

12. Cast Court 2

19. Postal Museum

6. Conveyor Rail and Robotic Arm

13. Cast Court 3 13a. Water Tank 13b. Rainwater Collection Tank 13c. Drying Rack

20. Residential Buildings

7. Entrance Staircase 8. Gallery Level -1.5

14. Cast Court 4

16. Exposed Archive Level - 1

21. Farringdon Street 22. Pile and Raft Hybrid Foundation

0m

AMENDED DRAWING: Rendered Long Section 1:200 @ A1 2.5m

1.875m 3.75m

5m

10m

7.5m

15m

20m

Postal Museum

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NEW DRAWING: EXPLODED HYBRID ISOMETRIC DRAWING (East) Without Cast Courts: Showing Rendered 3D Printed Concrete Base, Stairs, Forum, and Columns , as well as 3D Printed Fragments juxtoposed with the lightweight Steel Frame and Roof along with Glass Panels. Also visible are Mount Pleasant Mail Sorting Office and surrounding residential buildings.

Mount Pleasant Mail Sorting Office

Mount Pleasant Post Office

0m

2.5m 1.875m 3.75m

5m

1:200 @ A0 10m

7.5m

15m

20m

North-East Isomentric View

Street Approach Exterior View

Entrance Exterior View

Gallery Interior View