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Urological Tumours
Urinary Bladder (ICD‐O‐3 C67) Rules for Classification The classification applies to carcinomas. Papilloma is excluded. There should be histological or cytological confirmation of the disease. The following are the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories: T categories Physical examination, imaging, and endoscopy N categories Physical examination and imaging M categories Physical examination and imaging
Regional Lymph Nodes The regional lymph nodes are the nodes of the true pelvis, which essentially are the pelvic nodes below the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries. Laterality does not affect the N classification.
TNM Clinical Classification T – Primary Tumour The suffix (m) should be added to the appropriate T category to indicate multiple tumours. The suffix (is) may be added to any T to indicate presence of associated carcinoma in situ. TX T0 Ta Tis
Primary tumour cannot be assessed No evidence of primary tumour Non‐invasive papillary carcinoma Carcinoma in situ: ‘flat tumour’
T1 Tumour invades subepithelial connective tissue T2 Tumour invades muscle T2a Tumour invades superficial muscle (inner half) T2b Tumour invades deep muscle (outer half) T3 Tumour invades perivesical tissue: T3a microscopically T3b macroscopically (extravesical mass)