Iju top 10 cited articles -january 2021

Top 10 Cited Articles in Ubiquitous Computing Research: January 2021 International Journal of Ubiquitous Computing (IJU) ISSN : 0975 - 8992(Online); 0976 - 2213(Print) http://www.airccse.org/journal/iju/index.html

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Citation Count: 107

TIME SYNCHRONIZATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: A SURVEY Prakash Ranganathan, Kendall Nygard Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA ABSTRACT Time synchronization is a critical piece of infrastructure for any distributed system. Wireless sensor networks have emerged as an important and promising research area in the recent years.

Time synchronization is important for many sensor network applications that require very precise mapping of gathered sensor data with the time of the events, for example, in tracking and vehicular surveillance. It also plays an important role in energy conservation in MAC layer protocols. The paper studies different existing methods, protocols, significant time parameters (clock drift, clock speed, synchronization errors, and topologies) to achieve accurate synchronization in a sensor network. The studied Synchronization protocols include conventional time sync protocols (RBS, Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks -TPSN, FTSP), and other application specific approaches such as all node-based approach, a diffusionbased method and group sync approaches aiming at providing network-wide time. The goal for writing this paper is to study most common existing time synchronization approaches and stress the need of a new class of secure-time synchronization protocol that is scalable, topology independent, fast convergent, energy efficient, less latent and less application dependent in a heterogeneous hostile environment. Our survey provides a valuable framework by which protocol designers can compare new and existing synchronization protocols from various metric discussed in the paper. So, we are hopeful that this paper will serve a complete one-stop investigation to study the characteristics of existing time synchronization protocols and its implementation mechanism in a Sensor network environment.

KEYWORDS: Secure-time, Synchronization, MAC Layer FULL TEXT: http://www.airccse.org/journal/iju/papers/0410iju6.pdf

REFERENCES [1] S. Ganeriwal, M. Srivastava, “Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks (TPSN) on Berkeley Motes,” NESL, 2003.

[2] NTP: The Network Time Protocol, http://www.ntp.org/.

[3] Jeremy Elson, Lewis Girod, and Deborah Estrin. Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts. In ACM OSDI 2002,Boston, MA, December 2002. [ 4] Kay Romer. Time synchronization in ad hoc networks. In ACM MobiHoc, Long Beach, CA, Oct. 2001.

[5] S. Ganeriwal, R. Kumar, M. Srivastava. “Timing Sync Protocol for Sensor Networks,” ACM SenSys ’03, 2003.

[6] Chipcon CC1000 Datasheet,http://www.chipcon.com/files/CC1000_Data_Sheet_2_1.pdf

Radio

[ 7] T Robert Akl Yanos Saravanos, The 18th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC'07) Hybrid Energy – aware Synchronization algorithm in Wireless sensor networks, 2007.

[8]. J.V. Greunen, and J. Rabaey, Lightweight Time Synchronization for Sensor Networks", Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications(WSNA), San Diego, CA, September 2003.

[9] Maroti, M., Kusy, B., Simon, G., and Ledeczi, A., The Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol, Proc. of the 2nd ACN Conf. on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), Baltimore, Maryland, 2004, pp. 39–49 [10] C. Karlof and D. Wagner, “Secure Routing in Sensor Networks:Attacks and Countermeasures,” Proc. 1st IEEE Int’l.Wksp. Sensor Network Protocols and Apps., 2003.

[11] H. Chan and A. Perrig, “Security and Privacy in Sensor Networks,” Computer, vol. 36, no. 10, Oct. 2003, pp. 103–05.

[12] H. Chan, A. Perrig, and D. Song, “Random Key Predistribution Schemes for Sensor Networks,” Proc. 2003 IEEE Symp. Sec. and Privacy, May 2003, pp. 197–213. [13] D. Liu and P. Ning, “Establishing Pairwise Keys in Distributed Sensor Networks,” Proc. 10th ACM Conf. Comp. and Commun. Sec., 2003, pp. 52–61.

[14] Philipp Sommer, Roger, Wattenhofer, Gradient clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks,2009

[15] Optimal Clock Synchronization in Networks, Christoph Lenzen et al., Sensys 2009.

[16] Saurabh Ganeriwal, Srdjan Capkun, Chih-Chieh Han, Mani B. Srivastava , Secure Time Synchronization Service for Sensor Networks, WiSE’05, September 2, 2005, Cologne, Germany [17] G. Asada, M. Dong, T. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy. Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip. In Proceedings of the European Solid State Circuits Conference, 1998.

[18] Crossbow MICA2Dot Wireless Microsensor Mote, Document Part Number 6020-0043-05 Rev A, http://www.xbow.com/Products/ Product_pdf_files/Wireless_pdf/MICA2DOT_Datasheet.pdf.

[19] Qun Li, Daniela Rus “Global Clock Synchronization in Sensor Networks, IEEE INFOCOM 2004 [ 20] Cheng Liao, Margaret Martonosi, and Douglas W. Clark. Experience with an adaptive globallysynchronizing clock algorithm. In ACM SPAA, pages 106–114, New York, June 1999.

[21] Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Ramesh Govindan, and Deborah Estrin. Directed diffusion: A scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks. In MobiCOM 2000, Boston, Massachusetts, August 2000.

[22] H. Song, S. Zhu, and G. Cao, “Attack-Resilient Time Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proc. 2nd IEEE Int’l. Conf. Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Sys.,Washington, DC, Nov. 2005.

[23] N. Gura et al., “Comparing Elliptic Curve Cryptography and RSA on 8-Bit CPUs,” Proc. 6th Int’l. Wksp. Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Sys., Boston, MA, Aug. 2004.

[24 ] D. Malan, M. Welsh, and M. D. Smith, “A Public-Key Infrastructure for Key Distribution in TinyOS Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography,” Proc. 1st IEEE Int’l. Conf. Commun. and Networks, Santa Clara, CA, Oct. 2004.

[25] M. Mock, R. Frings, E. Nett, and S. Trikaliotis. Continuous Clock Synchronization in Wireless Real-time Applications.Proc. 19th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS-00), pp. 125–133, Oct. 2000.

[26]S. Ping. Delay Measurement Time Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks. Intel Research, IRB-TR-03-013, June 2003.

[27] SLTP: Scalable Lightweight Time Synchronization Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Sepideh Nazemi Gelyan, Arash Nasiri Eghbali, Laleh Roustapoor, Seyed Amir Yahyavi Firouz Abadi, and Mehdi Dehghan, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

AUTHORS Prakash Ranganathan is a faculty in Electrical Engineering at University of North Dakota, Grand Forks. He earned his undergraduate degree from University of Madras, India and graduate degree from North Dakota State University, Fargo. He is currently teaching Electric Circuits, Computer Aided Measurements and controls. His research interests are in Sensor Networks, Smart Grid technologies and Engineering Education. He is active member of IEEE and ASEE. Kendall E. Nygard is Professor of Computer Science and Operations Research at North Dakota State University where he has served on the faculty since 1977. From 1996 to 2005 he served as Department Chair. In 1986 and 1987 he was on the adjunct faculty in operations research at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. In 1994 and 1995 he was Director of the Scientific Computing Center at the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks. In 1984 he was a visiting scientist at the Air Force Logistics Command at Wright-Patterson AFB in Ohio. In 2000 he was a research fellow at the Air Vehicle Directorate of the Air Force Research Lab. His research areas involve combinatorial optimization methods, with applications to management of networks and sensor networks, cooperative mission control for unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), computer-based transportation analysis, and bioinformatics.

Citation Count: 96

REAL TIME HAND GESTURE RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR DYNAMIC APPLICATIONS Siddharth S. Rautaray1 , Anupam Agrawal2 Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, India ABSTRACT Virtual environments have always been considered as a means for more visceral and efficient human computer interaction by a diversified range of applications. The spectrum of applications includes analysis of complex scientific data, medical training, military simulation, phobia therapy and virtual prototyping. Evolution of ubiquitous computing, current user interaction approaches with keyboard, mouse and pen are not sufficient for the still widening spectrum of Human computer interaction. Gloves and sensor based trackers are unwieldy, constraining and uncomfortable to use. Due to the limitation of these devices the useable command set based diligences is also limited. Direct use of hands as an input device is an innovative method for providing natural Human Computer Interaction which has its inheritance from textbased interfaces through 2D graphical-based interfaces, multimedia-supported interfaces, to fullfledged multi-participant Virtual Environment (VE) systems. Conceiving a future era of humancomputer interaction with the implementations of 3D application where the user may be able to move and rotate objects simply by moving and rotating his hand - all without help of any input device.

The research effort centralizes on the efforts of implementing an application that employs computer vision algorithms and gesture recognition techniques which in turn results in developing a low cost interface device for interacting with objects in virtual environment using hand gestures. The prototype architecture of the application comprises of a central computational module that applies the camshift technique for tracking of hands and its gestures. Haar like technique has been utilized as a classifier that is creditworthy for locating hand position and classifying gesture. The patterning of gestures has been done for recognition by mapping the number of defects that is formed in the hand with the assigned gestures. The virtual objects are produced using Open GL library. This hand gesture recognition technique aims to substitute the use of mouse for interaction with the virtual objects. This will be useful to promote controlling applications like virtual games, browsing images etc in virtual environment using hand gestures.

KEYWORDS Hand gesture, virtual objects, virtual environment, tracking, recognition.

FULL TEXT : http://airccse.org/journal/iju/papers/3112iju03.pdf

REFERENCES [1] Conic, N., Cerseato, P., De & Natale, F. G. B., (2007), “Natural Human- Machine Interface using an Interactive Virtual Blackboard”, In Proceeding of ICIP 2007, pp.181-184.

[2] Ismail, N. A., & O’Brien, A., (2008), “ Enabling Multimodal Interaction in Web-Based Personal Digital Photo Browsing”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, May 13-15, pp. 907-910.

[3] Pang, Y. Y., Ismail, N. A., & Gilbert, P. L. S., (2010), “ A Real Time Vision-Based Hand Gesture Interaction”, Fourth Asia International Conference on Mathematical Analytical Modelling and Computer Simulation, pp. 237-242.

[4] Kortum, P., (2008) “HCI Beyond the GUI: Design for Haptic, Speech, Olfactory, and Other Nontraditional Interfaces” Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, pp. 75-106.

[5] Viola & Jones, (2001), “Rapid object detection using boosted cascade of simple features", In Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. I-511 - I-518.

[6] Chen, Q., Coredea, M. D., Petriu, E. M., Varkony, A. R., Koczy, I., & Whalen, T.E., (2009), “ Human Computer Interaction for Smart Applications Using Hand Gesture and Facial Expressions,” International Journal of Advanced Media and Communication, vol. 3c.1/2, pp. 95109.

[7] Jain, G. (2009), “Vision-Based Hand Gesture Pose Estimation for Mobile Devices”, University of Toronto.

[8] Pavlovic. V., Sharma, R., & Huang, T.S. (1997), “Visual interpretation of hand gestures for humancomputer interaction: A review.” IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI), 7(19):pp. 677–695.

[9] Marcel, S., Bernier, O., Viallet, J. E., & Collobert, D (2000), “Hand Gesture Recognition using InputOutput Hidden Markov Models.” In Proc. of the FG’2000 Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition.

[10] Rautaray, S.S., & Agrawal, A. (2010), “A Novel Human Computer Interface Based On Hand Gesture Recognition Using Computer Vision Techniques”, In Proceedings of ACM IITM’10, pp.292-296.

[11] Aran, O., Ari, I., Benoit, F., Campr, A., Carrillo, A. H., Fanard, Akarun, L., Caplier, a., Rombaut, M., & Sankuru, B., (2006) “ Sign Language Tutoring Tool”, eNTERFACE 2006, The Summer Workshop on Multimodal Interfaces, Croatia.

[12] Liu, N., & Lovell, B. (2001) “Mmx-accelerated realtime hand tracking system” In Proceedings of IVCNZ. [13] F. Chen, C. Fu, & C. Huang, 2003 , “Hand gesture recognition using a real-time tracking method and hidden Markov models” Image and Vision Computing, pp. 745-758.

[14] Lee, C. S., Ghyme, S. W., Park, C. J., Wohn, K., (1998) “The Control of avatar motion using hand gesture”, In Proceeding of Virtual Reality Software and technology (VRST), pp. 5965.

[15] Ahn, S. C., Lee, T. S., Kim, I. J., Kwon, Y. M., & Kim, H. G. (2004),“ Computer VisionBased Interactive Presentation System,” Proceedings of Asian Conference for Computer Vision.

[16] Moeslund, T. B., & Norgaard, L. (2002) “A brief overview of hand gestures used in wearable human computer interfaces”, Technical report, Aalborg University, Denmark.

AUTHORS Mr. Siddharth Swarup Rautaray is a PhD student in the Department of Information Technology at Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India. His research interests are in human–computer Interactions, user interface design, and computer vision image processing and graphics. He is a member of the IEEE Computer Society, ACM SIGCHI and CSI. Contact him at sr.rgpv@gmail.com Dr Anupam Agrawal received his Ph.D (Information Technology) degree from IIIT, Allahabad (in association with IIT, Roorkee). He carried out his Post-Doctoral Research work at the Department of Computing and Information System, University of Bedfordshire (UK). He is presently working as an Associate Professor at Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad since 2006. His research interests include Interactive Technologies and Human Computer Interaction, Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, Image Processing, AI and Soft Computing. He is a senior member of the ACM, the IEEE Computer Society and CSI.

Citation Count: 94 CONTENT BASED VIDEO RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS B V Patel1 and B B Meshram2 1 2

Shah & Anchor Kutchhi Polytechnic, Chembur, Mumbai, INDIA

Computer Technology Department, Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Matunga, Mumbai, INDIA

ABSTRACT With the development of multimedia data types and available bandwidth there is huge demand of video retrieval systems, as users shift from text based retrieval systems to content based retrieval systems. Selection of extracted features play an important role in content based video retrieval regardless of video attributes being under consideration. These features are intended for selecting, indexing and ranking according to their potential interest to the user. Good features selection also allows the time and space costs of the retrieval process to be reduced. This survey reviews the interesting features that can be extracted from video data for indexing and retrieval along with similarity measurement methods. We also identify present research issues in area of content based video retrieval systems.

KEYWORDS CBVR, Feature Extraction, Video Indexing, Video Retrieval

FULL TEXT : http://airccse.org/journal/iju/papers/3212iju02.pdf

REFERENCES [1] Umer Rashid, Iftikhar Azim Niaz, Muhammad Afzal Bhatti, (2009) “M3L: Architecture for Multimedia Information Retrieval”, Proce. Of 2009 Sixth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, pp. 1067-1072.

[2] Ramesh Jain, (2008) “EventWeb: Events and Experiences in Human Centered Computing”, (Cover Feature) in IEEE Computer, February 2008.

[3] M. S. Kankanhalli and Y. Rui, (2008) “Application Potential of Multimedia Information Retrieval”, Proc. IEE, April 2008.

[4] R Datta, D Joshi, J Li, and J. Wang, (2008) “Image Retrieval: Ideas, Influences, and Trends of the New Age”, ACM Computing Surveys, VOl 40, No. 2, April 2008.

[5] P. Sinha and Ramesh Jain,(2008) “Concept Annotation and Search Space Decrement of Digital Photos using Optical Context Information”, In Proceedings of SPIE, Multimedia content Access: Algorithms and System.

[6] B. Gong and R. Jain,(2008) “Hierarchical photo stream segmentation using context”, In Proceedings of SPIE, Multimedia content Access: Algorithms and System.

[7] G. Utz Westermann and Ramesh Jain,(2007)” Towards a Common Event Model for Multimedia Applications”, in IEEE Multimedia.

[8] A. Scherp and R. Jain,(2007) “Towards an ecosystem for semantics”, In Proceedings of Workshop on Many faces of Multimedia Semantics, at ACM Multimedia 2007, pp. 3-12.

[9] Hampapur, A. Borger, S. Brown, L. Carlson, C. Connell, J. Lu, M. Senior, A. Reddy, V. Shu, C. Tian, Y. (2007), ” S3: The IBM Smart Surveillance System: From Transactional Systems to Observational Systems,” in Proc. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.

[10] B. V. Patel, B. B. Meshram (2007), “Retrieving and Summarizing Images from PDF Documents”, International Conference on Soft computing and Intelligent Systems(ICSCSI-07), Jabalpur, India.

[11] B Liu, A. Gupta, and R. Jain (2207), “MEDSMAN: a live multimedia stream querying system”, Int. Journal of Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[12] A. Del Bimbo and P. Pala (2006), Content-Based Retrieval of 3D Models, ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp.

20-43.

[13] M. Lew, N. Sebe, C Djerba, and R. Jain (2006), “Content-based Multimedia Information Retrieval: State of the Art and Challenges”, ACM TOMCAPP vol.2, No. 1, pp. 1-19.

[14] Milind Naphade , John R. Smith , Jelena Tesic , Shih-Fu Chang , Winston Hsu , Lyndon Kennedy , Alexander Hauptmann , Jon Curtis (2006), “Large-Scale Concept Ontology for Multimedia,” IEEE Multimedia, April 2006.

[15] Keiji Yanai, Kobus Barnard (2006), “Finding Visual Concepts by Web Image Mining”, in proc. Of WWW 2006, Edinburgh, Scotland.

[16] Michael S. Lew, N. Sebe, C. Djeraba, R. Jain (2006), “Content-Based Multimedia Information Retrieval: State of the Art and Challenges”, ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 1, February 2006, Pp. 1–19.

[17] B. Erol, K. Berkner, S. Joshi (2006), “Multimedia thumbnails for documents”, MM-ACM, USA. [18] Tuomas Aura, Thomas A. Kuhn, Micheal Roe (2006), “Scanning electronic documents for personally identifiable information”, WEPS, USA, ACM. [19] R. Varadarajan, V. hristidis (2006), “A system for query-specific document summarization”, CIKM, USA, ACM, June 2006.Adam Jatowt, Mitsuru Ishizuka, “Temporal multi-page summarization”, Web Intelligence and Agent System, Volume 4 Issue 2, IOS Press.

[20] B. V. Patel, B. B. Meshram(2006), “Mining and clustering images to improve image search engines for geo-informatics database”, In the proceedings of National Conference on Geoinformatics, VPM Polytechnic, Mumbai, Dec-2006.

[21] Ryutarou Ohbuchi, Jun Kobayashi (2006),” Unsupervised learning from a Corpus for Shape-Based 3D Model Retrieval”, MIR'06, October 26–27, 2006, Santa Barbara, California, USA. [22] Michael S. L., Nicu Sebe, Chabane Djeraba, Ramesh Jain(2006), “Content-Based Multimedia Information Retrieval: State of the Art and Challenges”, ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 1.

[23] R. Dufour, Y. Estève, P. Deléglise, and F. Béchet (2009), “Local and global models for spontaneous speech segment detection andcharacterization,” in ASRU 2009, Merano, Italy.

[24] Tristan Glatard, Johan Montagnat, Isabelle E. Magnin (2004),” Texture Based Medical Image Indexing and Retrieval: Application to Cardiac Imaging”, MIR’04, October 15–16, 2004, New York, New York.

[25] Egon L. van den Broek, Peter M. F. Kisters, and Louis G. Vuurpijl (2004),” Design Guidelines for a Content-Based Image Retrieval Color-Selection Interface”ACM Dutch Directions in HCI, Amsterdam.

[26] Tristan Glatard, Johan Montagnat, Isabelle E. Magnin (2004), “Texture Based Medical Image Indexing and Retrieval: Application to Cardiac Imaging”, ACM Proc. Of MIR’04, October 15–16, 2004, New York, New York, USA. [27] H. Baird, D. Lopresti, B. Davison, W. Pottenger (2004), “Robust document image understanding technologies”, HDP, ACM. [28] R. Datta D. Joshi, J. LI,, JAMES Z. W., “Image Retrieval: Ideas, Influences, and Trends of the New Age”, ACM Transactions on Computing Surveys, Vol. , No. , 20, pp. 1-65.

[29] Guo, Y.; Stylios, G. (2003); “An intelligent algorithm for automatic document summarization”, In proceedings International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering, pp. 740 – 745.

[30] C. V. Jawahar, Balakrishna Chennupati, Balamanohar Paluri, Nataraj Jammalamadaka (2005), Video Retrieval Based on Textual Queries, International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication.

[31] Ankush Mittal, Sumit Gupta(2006), “Automatic content-based retrieval and semantic classification of video content”, Int. J. on Digital Libraries 6(1): pp. 30-38.

[32] Liu Huayong (2004), “Content-Based TV Sports Video Retrieve Based on Audio- Visual Features and Text Information”, IEEE Int. conf. on Web Intelligence.

[33] Daniel DeMenthon, David Doermann (2003), “Video Retrieval of Near–Duplicates using k– Nearest Neighbor Retrieval of Spatio–Temporal Descriptors”, ACM Multimedia '03, November 2.8, 2003, Berkeley, California, USA. [34] Jing-Fung Chen,, Hong-Yuan Mark Liao1, and Chia-Wen Lin (2005),” Fast Video Retrieval via the Statistics of Motion Within the Regions-of-Interest”, KES'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems Volume Part III Springer.

[35] Xi Li, Weiming Hu, Zhongfei Zhang, Xiaoqin Zhang, Guan Luo (2008), “Trajectory-Based Video Retrieval Using Dirichlet Process Mixture Models”, 19th British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC).

[36] Hisashi Miyamori Shun-ichi Iisaku(2000), “Video Annotation for Content-based Retrieval using Human Behavior Analysis and Domain Knowledge” Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition.

AUTHORS B. V. Patel, is working as Principal at Shah & Anchor Kutchhi Polytechnic, Mumbai, India. He received his B.E. in Computer Science and Engineering from Karnataka University, India, M.E. in Computer Engineering from VJTI, Mumbai, India. He has authored more than twenty papers in National and International conference and journals. He is also on editorial board of International Journals. His teaching and research interest includes Multimedia Data Mining, Network Management, Network Security, E-learning, etc. He is member of ACM, INENG, IACSIT and CSI. Dr. B. B. Meshram, is working as Professor & Head of Computer Technology Dept., VJTI, Matunga, Mumbai. He is Ph.D. in Computer Engineering and has more than 100 papers to his credit at National and International level including international journals. He is the life member of CSI and Institute of Engineers.

Citation Count: 69 An Intelligent Driver Assistance System (I-DAS) for Vehicle Safety Modelling using Ontology Approach Saravanan Kannan, Arunkumar Thangavelu, RameshBabu Kalivaradhan School of Computing Sciences and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore – 632014, TN, India ABSTRACT This paper proposes an ontology modelling approach for assisting vehicle drivers through safety warning messages during time critical situation. Intelligent Driver Assistance System (I-DAS) is a major component of InVANET[12], which focuses on generating the alert messages based on the context aware parameters such as driving situations, vehicle dynamics, driver activity and environment. I-DAS manages the parameter representation, consistent update /maintenance in XML format while the interpretation of a critical situation is done using ontology modeling. Related safety technologies such as Adaptive Cruise Control, Collision Avoidance System, Lane Departure Warning System, Driver Drowsiness detection system, Parking Assistance System, which generate warnings and alerts to driver continuously, for assistance according to context which is integrated in Vehicle and Vehicle 2 Driver (V2D) communications by DVI(Driver Vehicle Interface) had been applied.

The simulation test bed developed using Java framework[21] to generate safety alerts in various driving situations shows the usefulness of this approach. The response time graph for the simulation of context IDAS is depicted and analysed. The effective performance of the driving scenarios in various modes like day and night for single, 2-way and 4-way road scenario for the best, worst and average cases of simulation had been studied. The system works in VANET scenario, which needs to be adaptive for environment changes and to vary according to the context. The presented approach shows the simulation that can be implemented to all vehicles in real time scenario with promising results.

KEYWORDS Context Awareness, Ontology Modeling, Driver Vehicle Interface(DVI), Driver Assistance System (DAS) FULL TEXT: http://airccse.org/journal/iju/papers/0710iju2.pdf

REFERENCE [1] Akira Iihoshi, “Driver Assistance System (Lane Keep Assist System)”, Presentation to WP29 ITS Round Table Geneva, 2004.

[2] Bouquet, Petal, “Theories and uses of context in knowledge representation and reasoning”, Journal of Pragmatics, vol no-335, pg 455-484, 2003.

[3] Bradley, “A multidisciplinary model of context to support context-aware computing”, HumanComputer Interaction vol 20, pg 403-446, 2005.

[4] Daniele Bagni, Roberto Marzotto, Paul Zoratti, “Building Automotive Driver Assistance Algorithms with Xilinx FPGA platforms”, Xcell Journal Fourth quarter 2008.

[5] E.Bekiaris, S.Nikolaou, A.Mousadakou, “System for effective Assessment of driver vigilance and Warning according to traffic risk Estimation”, National Center for Research and Technology, Hellas (CERTH) AWAKE Consortium August 2004.

[6] Hella KGaA, Hueck & Co, “Electronics – Driver Assistance Systems”, Technical Information, 2005.

[7] Hella KGaA, Hueck & Co, “Light – ADILIS Night Vision System”, Technical Information, 2007.

[8] Huei Peng, “Evaluation of Driver Assistance Systems- A Human Centered Approach”, supported by the U.S. Army TARDEC, NSF and the TRW Automotive,2006.

[9] Jie Sun, Zhao-hui Wu, Gang Pan, “Context-aware smart car: from model to prototype”, Journal of Zhejiang University Science A,10(7):1049-1059, 2009.

[10] K.Henricksen, J.Indulska. “Software Engineering Framework for Context-Aware Pervasive Computing”, 2nd IEEE Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom), 2004.

[11] Peter Seiler, Bongsob Song, J.Karl Hedrick, “Development of a Collision Avoidance System”, Society of Automotive Engineers 1998.

[12] Saravanan K, Arunkumar Thangavelu, Rameshbabu, "A Middleware Architectural framework for Vehicular Safety over VANET (InVANET)", NETCOM 2009, First International Conference on Networks & Communications, pp.277-282, 2009.

[13] Simone Fuchs, Stefan Rass, Bernhard Lamprecht, Kyandoghere Kyamakya, “A Model for OntologyBased Scene Description for Context-Aware Driver Assistance Systems”,ACM SIGCHI, ICST Canada, 2008.

[14]Simone Fuchs, Stefan Rass, Kyandoghere Kyamak-ya, “Integration of Ontological Scene Representation and Logic-Based Reasoning for Context-Aware Driver Assistance Systems”, Proceedings of the First International DisCoTec Workshop on Context-aware Adaptation Mechanisms for Pervasive and Ubiquitous Services (CAMPUS 2008),2008.

[15]T.A.Lasky,K.S. YEN,B.Ravani, “The advanced snowplow Driver Assistance system” supported by Caltrans New technology and new Program through (AHMCT) program at UCDevis under IA65X875- TO-96-9,2009.

[16]Tom Airaksinen, Hedvig Aminoff, Erik Byström, Gustav Eimar, Iracema Mata,David Schmidt, “Automatic Parallel Parking Assistance System User Interface Design – Easier Said Than Done?”,Technical Description, 2004.

[17]W.S. Lee, D.H. Sung, J.Y. Lee, Y.S. Kim , J.H. Cho,“Driving Simulation for Evaluation of Driver Assistance Systems and Driving Management Systems”, sponsored by the Korea Transportation Institute under the national project, ‘Development of National Traffic Core Technology’,2007.

[18]Xuetao Zhang, Junjie Qin, Huub van de Wetering, “Interactive Road Situation Analysis for Driver Assistance and Safety Warning Systems: Framework and Algorithms”, IEEE Transactions On Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 8, No. 1, March 2007.

[19] http://protege.stanford.edu/ Protégé Software [20] http://safety.transportation.org/htmlguides/RORcrashes/descriptionofstrat [21] http://www.jcreator.com/ [22] Bray, J. Memo on "Skid Accident Reduction Program," NYSDOT. 2001. Hatcher, C. W. "Grooving Streets and Highways Can Help Stop Skid Crashes." Traffic Engineering. 1989 [23] Meier et.al, “Towards real-time middleware for vehicular ad hoc networks”, LNCS, Springer, 2005.

[24] CARS- Context Aware Rate Selection for Vehicular Networks [25] Guido Gehlen and Georgios Mavromatis, INVENT-VMTL “A Web Service based middleware for Mobile Vehicular Applications”.

[26] Erik Weiss et.al., “MYCAREVENT- Vehicular communications gateway for Car Maintenance and Remote Diagnosis”.

[27] Jose Santa and Antonio F. Gomez-Skarmeta, “Sharing context-aware road and safety information”, IEEE Pervasive Computing, Volume 8 Issue 3, 2009, pages 58-65.

[28] Jose Santa et.al., “A Multiplatform OSGi based Architecture for Developing Road Vehicle Services”, IEEE 2007, page 706-710.

AUTHORS K. Saravanan is working as Assistant Professor Senior in School of Computer Science & Engineering at VIT University. His research work focuses on Context-Aware Systems, Vehicular Ad hoc Networks, Middleware Technologies, Semantic Web and Web Services.

Email: saravanank@vit.ac.in .

K Ramesh Babu is working as Associate professor in School of Computer Science & Engineering at VIT University. His area of research work mainly focuses in the field of Quality of Service issues in adhoc networks. He had numerous funded research projects to his credit. He has published international conference and Journal papers on adhoc networks, QoS issues. Email: ramgetkar@gmail.com Arunkumar Thangavelu is currently associated with Vellore Institute of Technology University, India. He has over 16 years of academic, Research experience in field of adhoc, sensor networking, DataMining. He is an active consultant in R&D planning, proposal evaluation as well reviewer in international / national journals. He had received his Doctoral Degree from PSG College of Technology. His domain of research expertise varies from mobile / vehicular adhoc networks, distributed computing to precision agriculture. Email: arunkumar.thangavelu@gmail.com

Citation Count: 33 HMR LOG ANALYZER: ANALYZE WEB APPLICATION LOGS OVER HADOOP MAPREDUCE Sayalee Narkhede1 and Tripti Baraskar2 Department of Information Technology, MIT-Pune,University of Pune, Pune Department of Information Technology, MIT-Pune, University of Pune, Pune ABSTRACT In today’s Internet world, log file analysis is becoming a necessary task for analyzing the customer’s behavior in order to improve advertising and sales as well as for datasets like environment, medical, banking system it is important to analyze the log data to get required knowledge from it. Web mining is the process of discovering the knowledge from the web data. Log files are getting generated very fast at the rate of 1-10 Mb/s per machine, a single data center can generate tens of terabytes of log data in a day.

These datasets are huge. In order to analyze such large datasets we need parallel processing system and reliable data storage mechanism. Virtual database system is an effective solution for integrating the data but it becomes inefficient for large datasets. The Hadoop framework provides reliable data storage by Hadoop Distributed File System and MapReduce programming model which is a parallel processing system for large datasets. Hadoop distributed file system breaks up input data and sends fractions of the original data to several machines in hadoop cluster to hold blocks of data. This mechanism helps to process log data in parallel using all the machines in the hadoop cluster and computes result efficiently.

The dominant approach provided by hadoop to “Store first query later”, loads the data to the Hadoop Distributed File System and then executes queries written in Pig Latin. This approach reduces the response time as well as the load on to the end system. This paper proposes a log analysis system using Hadoop MapReduce which will provide accurate results in minimum response time.

KEYWORDS Hadoop, MapReduce, Log Files, Parallel Processing, Hadoop Distributed File System

FULL TEXT: http://airccse.org/journal/iju/papers/4313iju04.pdf

REFERENCES [1] S.Sathya Prof. M.Victor Jose, (2011) “Application of Hadoop MapReduce Technique to Virtual Database System Design”, International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical and Computer Technology (ICETECT), pp. 892-896.

[2] Yulai Yuan, Yongwei Wu_, Xiao Feng, Jing Li, Guangwen Yang, Weimin Zheng, (2010) “VDBMR: MapReduce- based distributed data integration using virtual database”, Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 26, pp. 1418-1425.

[3] Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat., (2004) “MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters”, Google Research Publication. [4] Konstantin Shvachko, Hairong Kuang, Sanjay Radia, Robert Chansler, (2010) “The Hadoop Distributed File System”, Mass Storage Systems and Technologies(MSST), Sunnyvale, California USA, vol. 10, pp. 1-10.

[5] C.Olston, B.Reed, U.Srivastava, R.Kumar, and A.Tomkins, (2008) “Pig latin: a not-soforeign language for data processing”, ACM SIGMOD International conference on Management of data, pp. 1099– 1110. [6] Tom White, (2009) “Hadoop: The Definitive Guide. O’Reilly”, Scbastopol, California.

[7] M.Zaharia, A.Konwinski, A.Joseph, Y.zatz, and I.Stoica, (2008) “Improving mapreduce performance in heterogeneous environments” OSDI’08: 8th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation.

[8] Mr. Yogesh Pingle, Vaibhav Kohli, Shruti Kamat, Nimesh Poladia, (2012)“Big Data Processing using Apache Hadoop in Cloud System”, National Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology.

[9] Cooley R., Srivastava J., Mobasher B., (1997) “Web mining: informationa and pattern discovery on world wide web”, IEEE International conference on tools with artificial intelligence, pp. 558- 567.

[10] Liu Zhijing, Wang Bin, (2003) “Web mining research”, International conference on computational intelligence and multimedia applications, pp. 84-89.

[11] Yang, Q. and Zhang, H., (2003) “Web-Log Mining for predictive Caching”, IEEE Trans.

Knowledge and Data Eng., 15( 4), pp. 1050-1053.

[12] P. Nithya, Dr. P. Sumathi, (2012) “A Survey on Web Usage Mining: Theory and Applications”, International Journal Computer Technology and Applications, Vol. 3, pp. 16251629.

[13] Andrew Pavlo, Erik Paulson, Alexander Rasin, Daniel J. Abadi, David J. DeWitt, Samuel Madden, Michael Stonebraker, (2009) ”A Comparison of Approaches to Large-Scale Data Analysis”, ACM SIGMOD’09.

[14] Gates et al., (2009) “Building a High-Level Dataflow System on top of Map-Reduce: The Pig Experience”, VLDB 2009, Section 4.

[15] LI Jing-min, HE Guo-hui, (2010) “Research of Distributed Database System Based on Hadoop”, IEEE International conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE), pp.

1417-1420. [16] T. Hoff, (2008) “How Rackspace Now Uses MapReduce and Hadoop To Query Terabytes of Data”. [17] Apache-Hadoop,http://Hadoop.apache.org AUTHORS Sayalee Narkhede is a ME student of IT department in MIT-Pune under University of Pune. She has Received BE degree in Computer Engineering from AISSMS IOIT under University of Pune. Her research interest includes Distributed Systems, Cloud Computing.

Tripti Baraskar is an assistant professor in IT department of MIT- Pune. She has received her ME degree in Communication Controls and Networking from MIT Gwalior and BE degree from Oriental Institute of Science and Technology under RGTV. Her research interest includes Image Processing

Citation Count: 33 Practical Attacks on a RFID Authentication Protocol Conforming to EPC C-1 G-2 Standard MohammadHassan Habibi1 , Mahmud Gardeshi2 , Mahdi R. Alaghband3

3

1

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, I.H University, Tehran, Iran

2

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, I.H University, Tehran, Iran

EEDepartment, Science and Research Campus, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

ABSTRACT Yeh et al. recently have proposed a mutual authentication protocol based on EPC Class-1 Gen.-2 standard [1]. They have claimed that their protocol is secure against adversarial attacks and also provides forward secrecy. In this paper we will show that the proposed protocol does not have proper security features. A powerful and practical attack is presented on this protocol whereby the whole security of the protocol is broken. Furthermore, Yeh et al. protocol does not assure the untraceabilitiyand backwarduntraceabilitiy aspects. Namely, all past and next transactions of a compromised tag will be traceable by an adversary.

KEYWORDS RFID, EPC C-1 G-2 standard, Security, Attacks, Untraceability FULL TEXT: http://airccse.org/journal/iju/papers/2111iju01.pdf

REFERENCE [1] Yeh, T.-C., Wang, Y.-J., Kuo, T.-C., Wang, S.-S.,“Securing RFID systems conforming to EPC Class-1 Generation-2 standard”, Expert Systems with Applications 37 (2010) 7678–7683 [2] Transport for London, Oyster card, http://www.oystercard.co.uk.

[3] “Michelin Embeds RFID Tags in Tires”, RFID Journal,http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/ articleview/ 269 /1/1/. Accessed 17 Jan 2003 [4] Hoepman, J.-H.,Hubbers, E., Jacobs, B., Oostdijk, M., Scherer, R.W.,“Crossing borders: Security and privacy issues of the European e-passport”, NAME (IWSEC 2006). LNCS, Springer-Heidelberg, vol. 4266 (2006) 152–167 [5] E.-C. Australia, “Access control, http://www.rfid.com.au/rfid uhf.htm,2008.

sensor

control,

and

trans-ponders”,

at:

[6] D. C. Wyld, “24-Karat protection: RFID and retail jewelry marketing”, International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), Vol 1, Num 1, January 2010.

[7]K. K. Khedo, D.Sathan, R.Elaheebocus, R. K. Subramanian, andS.D.V. Rughooputh, “Overlapping zone partitioning localization technique for RFID”, International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), Vol 1, Num 2, April 2010.

[8] EPCglobal Inc., http://www.epcglobalinc.org/.

[9] EPCglobal Inc., EPCTM Radio-Frequency Identity Protocols Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID Protocols for Communications at 860 MHz – 960 MHz version 1.1.0, Available at [6].

[10] Lim, C.H., and Kwon, T., “Strong and robust RFID authentication enabling perfect ownership transfer”, In Proceedings of ICICS ’06, LNCS 4307 (2006) 1–20 [11] Van Deursen, T., Radomirovic, S., “Attacks on RFID protocols”, Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2008/310, 2008. .

[12] R. Phan, “Cryptanalysis of a new ultralightweight RFID authentication protocol-SASI”, IEEE Transactionson Dependable and Secure Computing 6(4): Oct.-Dec. (2009) 316–320 [13] Peris-Lopez, P., Hernandez-Castro, J.C., Estevez-Tapiador, J.M., and Ribagorda, A., “Vulnerability analysis of RFID protocols for tag ownership transfer”, Computer Networks 54 (2010) 1502–1508 [14] Chien, H., Chen, C.,“Mutual Authentication Protocol for RFID Conforming to EPC Class-1 Generation-2 Standards”, Computer Standards & Interfaces, 29 (2007) 254–259

[15] Han, D., Kwon, D.: Vulnerability of an RFID authentication protocol conforming to EPC Class1Generation-2 Standards. Computer Standards & Interfaces 31 (2009) 648–652.

[16] Fu, J., Wu, C., Chen, X., Fan, R., and Ping, L., “Scalable pseudo random RFID private mutual authentication”, 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology(ICCET). V. 7, pp. 497-500, China, 2010.

[17] P. Peris-Lopez, J. C. Hernandez-Castro, J. M. Estevez-Tapiador, and A. Ribagorda, “EMAP: An efficient mutual authentication protocol for low-cost RFID tags”, In Proc. of IS’06, volume 4277 of LNCS, pages 352–361, Springer-Verlag, 2006.

[18] Gu, Y., Wu, W., “Mutual authentication protocol based on tag ID number updating for lowcost RFID”, In Proceedings of the first IEEE International Conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content(IC-NIDC2009), pp. 548-551, 2009.

[19] Kim, K. H., Choi, E. Y., Lee, S. M., and Lee, D.H., “Secure EPCglobal Class-1 Gen-2 RFID system against security and privacy problems”, In Proc. of OTM-IS’06, volume 4277 of LNCS, pages 362–371. Springer-Verlag, 2006.

[20]Duc, D.N., Park, J., Lee, H., and Kwangjo, K., “Enhancing security of epcglobal Gen-2 RFID tag against traceability and cloning”, In Proc. of Symposium on Cryptography and Information Security, 2006. [21] Li T., and Wang, G., “SLMAP-A secure ultra-lightweight rfid mutual authentication protocol”, Proc. of Chinacrypt’07, 2007.

[22] Kulseng, L., Yu, Z., Wei, Y., and Guan, Y., “Lightweight mutual authentication and ownership transfer for RFID Systems”, In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2010, 1-5, CA, March (2010).

[23] Song, B., and Mitchell, C. J., “RFID authentication protocol for low-cost tags”, In Wisec 2008, pages 140-147.

[24] Chien, H. Y., “SASI: A new ultralightweightrfid authentication protocol providing strong authentication and strong integrity”, IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, 4(4):337–340, 2007.

[25] Peris-Lopez, P., Li, T., Lim, T.-L., Hernandez-Castro, J. C., Estevez- Tapiador, J. M., and Ribagorda, A.,“Vulnerability analysis of a mutual authentication scheme under the epc class-1 generation-2 standard”, In Hand. of RFIDSec’08, 2008 [26] Rizomiliotis, P., Rekleitis, E., Gritzalis, S.,“Security analysis of the Song– Mitchell authentication protocol for low-cost RFID tags”, Communications Letters, IEEE 13 (4) (2009), pp. 274–276..

[27] Lin, C.-L., and Chang, G.-G., “Cryptanalysis of EPC class 1 generation 2 RFID authentications”,Information Security Conference 2007, ChiaYi, Taiwan.

[28] Peris-Lopez, P., Hernandez-Castro, J. C., Estevez-Tapiador, J. M., and Ribagorda, A., “Practical attacks on a mutual authentication scheme under the EPC Class-1 Generation-2 standard”, Computer Communications 32 (2009) 1185–1193.

[29] Habibi, M. H.,Gardeshi, M.,Alaghband, M., “Cryptanalysis of a mutual authentication protocol for low-cost RFID”, In proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Information Networks (ICIIN 2011), UAE, 2011.

[30] Van Deursen, T., Radomirovi´c, S., “Security of RFID protocols – A case study”, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 244 (2009) 41–52.

[31] Habibi, M. H., Gardeshi, M., Alaghband, M., “Cryptanalysis of two mutual authentication protocols for low-cost RFID”, International Journal of Distributed and Parallel systems, Volume 1, Number 3 ,(2011) [32] Habibi, M. H., Gardeshi, M., Alaghband, M., “Security analysis of an RFID mutual authentication protocol for RFID systems”, In proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Information Networks (ICIIN 2011), UAE, 2011.

[33] Habibi, M. H., Gardeshi, M., Alaghband, M., “Attacks and improvements to a new RFID mutual Authentication protocol”, In proceedings of Third Workshop on RFID Security: RFIDsec Asia 2011, China, 2011.

[34] Li, T., Deng, R.H., “Vulnerability analysis of EMAP-An efficient RFID mutualauthentication protocol”, In: AReS 2007: Second International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2007).

[35]Alomair, B., Lazos, L., and Poovendran, R., “Passive attacks on a class of authentication protocols for RFID”, K.-H. Nam and G. Rhee (Eds.): ICISC 2007, LNCS 4817, pp. 102–115, 2007.

[36] Juels, A., “Minimalist cryptography for low-cost RFID tags”, In Proc. of SCN’04, volume 3352 of LNCS, pp. 149–164, Springer-Verlag, 2004.

[37] Peris-Lopez, P., Li, T., Lim, T.-L., Hernandez-Castro, J. C., Estevez- Tapiador, J. M., and Ribagorda, A.,, “Cryptanalysis of a novel authentication protocol conforming to EPC-C-1G-2 standard”, Computer Standards & Interfaces, Elsevier Science Publishers, doi:10.1016/j.csi.2008.05.012, 2008.

[38] Han, D., Kwon, D.: Vulnerability of an RFID authentication protocol conforming to EPC Class1Generation-2 Standards. Computer Standards & Interfaces 31 (2009) 648–652.

[39] Dimitriou, T., “A lightweight RFID protocol to protect against traceability and cloning attacks”, In SecureComm, pages 59-66, 2005.

[40] Ohkubo, M., Suzuki, K., Kinoshita, S., “Cryptographic approach to ”privacy-friendly tags”, In 2003 MIT RFID Privacy Workshop, 2003.

[41] Karthikeyan, S., Nesterenko, M., “RFID security without extensive cryptography”, In Proc. of SASN '05, ACM (2005) 63–67.

[42] Juels, A., and Weis, S.A., “Defining strong privacy for RFID”, In Proceedings of PerCom ’07 (2007) 342–347, http://eprint.iacr.org/2006/137.

[43]Avoine, G., “Adversarial model for radio frequency identification”, Cryptology ePrint Archive, report 2005/049. http://eprint.iacr.org/2005/049.

[44] Ouafi, K., and Phan, R.C.-W. “Privacy of recent RFID authentication protocols”,L. Chen, Y. Mu, and W. Susilo (Eds.): ISPEC 2008, LNCS 4991, pp. 263–277, 2008.

AUTHORS Mohammad Hassan Habibi received the Bachelor's degree in Telecommunication Engineering From Kerman University, Kerman, Iran, in 2007 and Master's degree in Telecommunication in the field of Cryptography with the honor degree from IHU, Tehran, Iran (2011), where he obtained the Best Student Academic Award. Currently, he is a research assistant (RA) at the research center of cryptography, IHU, Tehran, Iran. His research interest includes: Lightweight cryptography, RFID security, authentication protocols, cryptanalysis, public key cryptography and lightweight primitives.

Mahmoud Gardeshi received his Erudition Degree in applied mathematics from Amir Kabiruniversity, Islamic Republic of Iran in 2000. Currently, he is a researcher at the I.H.University. His research interest includes: cryptography and information security Mahdi R. Alaghband received his B.S. degree in Electrical engineering in 2005 and M.S. degree in Communications, Cryptology & Information Security in 2008.

Currently, he is both a Ph.D. candidate at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Azad University and research assistant on Information Systems and Security Lab (ISSL), EE Dept., Sharif University of Technology. His research interests include authentication protocol especially in RFID systems, security in wireless sensor networks and lightweight cryptographic primitives.

Citation Count: 28 DATA STORAGE ON A RFID TAG FOR A DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM Sarita Pais1 and Judith Symonds2 1 2

Whitireia Community Polytechnic, Auckland

Auckland University of Technology, Auckland

ABSTRACT RFID tags can store more than just a tag ID. Data on an RFID tag can be updated through local processing. This is in contrast to the EPC global standard of data-on-network. The research study explores how much data can be stored on an RFID tag.

The scope of this study is to find a suitable data format for data stored in the tags. Two data formats viz CSV and XML along with compression techniques were discussed. The experiment conducted using the prototype examinedhow relevant data can be stored in the RFID tags and used in local processing without the need for a central database or network connectivity. The findings of the experiment results demonstrate sufficient proof of concept to suggest CSV data format. Issues encountered in the experiment are discussed, particularly related to writing data into the tag. The conclusion explores the direction for future research on improving writing data on tag, using the data-on-tag approach.

KEYWORDS RFID tag, data-on-tag, user memory, data format.

FULL TEXT: http://airccse.org/journal/iju/papers/2211iju03.pdf

REFERENCE [1] Weiser, M. (1993). “Hot topics - Ubiquitous computing”.Computer 26, 71-72.

[2] Matsuoka, K. ,Katou,N., Dejima, S. &Takami, K. (2010). Information selection and delivery algorithm for delivering advertisements suitable for the pedestrians present at a particular site, International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), 1(4), 13-21.

[3] Haas, L. M., & Miller, R. J. (1997). “Transforming heterogeneous data with database middleware: Beyond integration”.Bulletin of the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Data engineering, 1-6.

[4] Hardgrave, B. C., Armstrong, D. J., &Riemenschneider, C. K. (2007). “RFID assimilation hierarchy”.Proceedings of the 40th Hawaii International conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, 1-10.

[5] Diekmann, T., Melski, A., & Schumann, M. (2007). “Data-on-network vs. Data-on-tag: Managing data in complex RFID environments”. Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, 224-233.

[6] Harmon, C. K. (2006).“The necessity for a uniform organisation of user memory in RFID”.International Journal Radio Frequency Identification Technology and Applications, 1(1), 41-51.

[7] Jiang, W., & Xiang, D. (2008). “A compression framework for personal image used in mobile RFID system”. 9th International Conference for Young Scientists, Zhang JiaJie, China, 769-774.

[8] Ward, M., Kraneneburg, R., & Backhouse, G. (2006). “RFID: Frequency, standards, adoption and innovation”. JISC Technology and standards Watch, 1-36. Retrieved from http://www.rfidconsultation.eu/docs/ficheiros/TSW0602.pdf [9] Bacheldor, B. (2009). “Tego Launches 32-Kilobyte EPC RFID Tag”. Retrieved 3-3-2010, from http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/view/4578 [10] Want, R. (2004). “The magic of RFID”.Queue, 2(7), 40-48.

[11] Wal-Mart spells out RFID vision, RFID Journal 2003. Retrieved 8-09-2010, from http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/463 [12] Wu, N. C., Nystrom, M. A., Lin, T. R., & Yu, H. C. (2006).”Challenges to global RFID adoption”.Technovation, 26(12), 1317-1323.

[13] Melski, A., Thoroe, L., Caus, T., & Schumann, M. (2007).” Beyond EPC – Insights from multiple RFID case studies on the storage of additional data on tag”. International Conference on wireless Algorithms, Systems and Applications, Chicago, 281- 286.

[14] Chan, A. T. S., Cao, J., Chan, H., & Young, G. (2001). “A web-enabled framework for smart card application in health services”.Communications of the ACM, 44(9), 77-82.

[15] Romer, K., Schoch, T., &Mattern, F. (2004). “Smart identification frameworks for ubiquitous computing applications”.Wireless Networks, 10, 689-700.

[16] Sugawara, K., Yamaoka, K., & Sakai, Y. (1997). “A study on image searching method in super distributed database”.IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 2, 736- 740.

[17] Bohn,J. (2008). “Prototypical implementation of location-aware services based on a middleware architecture for super-distributed RFID tag infrastructures”, Personal and ubiquitous computing, 12 (2), 155- 166.

[18] Mamei, M., Quaglieri, R., & Franco Zambonelli, F. (2006). “Making tuple spaces physical with RFID tags”.Proceedings of the 2006 ACM symposium on Applied computing, Dijon, France, 434 - 439.

[19] Landt, J. (2005). “The history of RFID”.Potentials IEEE, 24(4), 8 – 11. [20] Lin, D., Elmongui, H. G., Bertino, E., &Ooi, B. C. (2007). “Data management in RFID applications”.DEXA, 434-444.

[21] Tracient. (2007). Tracient user manual.from www.tracient.com [22] Tribowski, C., Spin, K., Guenther, O., and Sielemann, O.,(2009) "Storing data on RFID tags: A standards-basedapproach". ECIS 2009 Proceedings.http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2009/146 [23] Willis, S., &Helal , S. (2005).”RFID information grid for blind navigation and wayfinding”.

Paper presented at the Proceedings of the ninth annual IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, Osaka, Japan. from http://www.icta.ufl.edu/projects/publications/willisRFIDISWC%20v2.pdf [24] Hevner, A. R., March, S. T., Park, J., & Ram, S. (2004).” Design science in information systems research”. MIS Quarterly, 28(1), 75-105.

[25] Floerkemeier, C., & Lampe, M. (2005). “RFID middleware design - addressing application requirements and RFID constraints”.Joint sOc-EUSAI conference, Grenoble, 1-6.

AUTHORS Sarita Pais completed her Masters in Computer and Information Sciences At Auckland University of Technology, Auckland. This paper is part of The thesis study for the award of the Master’s degree. The author has 20 years of experience in the IT field. She is currently teaching Bachelor of Information Technology at Whitireia Community Polytechnic, Auckland.She supervises capstone projects in web applications for undergraduate students.

Dr Judith Symonds is a Senior Lecturer at the Auckland University of Technology. She gained her PhD in Agribusiness in 2006 through the University of Queensland. In her doctoral work she studied the issues and challenges with eBusiness systems for rural SMEs and since gradu -ating, she has continued to research in areas of technology infusion of RFID, predominantly in the health industry. For the past four years Dr Symonds has served as National Committee Member of the NZ RFID Pathfinder Group, an industry steering body.She has also served on Several journal review boards and conference organising committees.Dr Symonds teaches postgraduate courses in ICT issues for SMEs, Entrepreneurship and she also supervises degree capstone projects in web development.

Citation Count: 23 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF OCR TOOLS Dr. S.Vijayarani1 and Ms. A.Sakila2 1

2

Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.

M.Phil Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.

ABSTRACT Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a technique, used to convert scanned image into editable text format. Many different types of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tools are commercially available today; it is a useful and popular method for different types of applications. OCR can predict the accurate result depends on text pre-processing and segmentation algorithms. Image quality is one of the most important factors that improve quality of recognition in performing OCR tools. Images can be processed independently (.png, .jpg, and .gif files) or in multi-page PDF documents (.pdf). The primary objective of this work is to provide the overview of various Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tools and analyses of their performance by applying the two factors of OCR tool performance i.e. accuracy and error rate.

KEYWORDS Optical Character Recognition (OCR),Online OCR, Free Online OCR, OCR Convert, Convert image to text.net, Free OCR, i2OCR, Free OCR to Word Convert, Google Docs.

FULL TEXT: http://airccse.org/journal/iju/papers/6315iju03.pdf

REFERENCES [1] ShivaniDhiman, A.J Singh, “TesseractVsGocr A Comparative Study” International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-2, Issue-4 [2] Chirag Patel, Atul Patel, Dharmendra Patel, “Optical Character Recognition by Open Source OCR Tool Tesseract: A Case Study” International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 55– No.10 [3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_character_recognition [4] http://www.onlineocr.net/ [5] http://www.newocr.com/ [6] http://www.ocrconvert.com/ [7] http://www.convertimagetotext.net/ [8] http://www.free-ocr.com/ [9] http://www.i2ocr.com/ [10] http://www.ocrtoword.com/ [11] https://docs.google.com/ [12] Yasser Alginahi, “Preprocessing Techniques in Character Recognition” [13] Oivind due trier, Anil K.Jain, TorfinnTaxt, “Future extraction methods for character recognition A survey”.

[14] Pritpal Singh, SumitBudhiraja, “Feature Extraction and Classification Techniques in O.C.R. Systems for Handwritten Gurmukhi Script – A Survey” Pritpal Singh, SumitBudhiraja / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp.

1736-1739.

[15] Youssef Bassil, Mohammad Alwani, “Ocr Post-Processing Error Correction Algorithm Using Google's Online Spelling Suggestion” Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, Vol.3, No. 1 [16] Archana A. Shinde, D.G.Chougule, “Text Pre-processing and Text Segmentation for OCR”IJCSET, Vol2 [17]https://www.google.co.in/search?q=k+means+algorithm&biw=1366&bih=615&source=lnm s&tbm=isc h&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAmoVChMI5-DkrIvaxgIVD4OCh0leQqA#imgrc=TQ19POvnV7mNbM%3A

[18] Sandeep Dangi, Ashish Oberoi, Nishi Goel “Performance Comparison between Different Feature Extraction Techniques with SVM Using Gurumukhi Script” International journal of Engineering Research and Applications(IJERA) ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 7( Version 5), July 2014, pp.123- 128

BIOGRAPHY Dr. S. Vijayarani, MCA, M.Phil, Ph.D is working as Assistant Professor in the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.

Her fields of research interest are data mining, privacy and security issues in data mining and data streams. She has published papers in the international journals and presented research papers in international and national conferences. has completed M.Sc in Computer Science. She is currently pursuing her M.Phil in Computer Science in the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. Her fields of interest are Data Mining and Multimedia Mining.

Citation Count: 21 A proposed Novel Approach for Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining Ravendra Ratan Singh Jandail Computing Science and Engineering, Galgotias University, India ABSTRACT as the people are being dependent on internet the requirement of user view analysis is increasing exponentially. Customer posts their experience and opinion about the product policy and services. But, because of the massive volume of reviews, customers can’t read all reviews. In order to solve this problem, a lot of research is being carried out in Opinion Mining. In order to solve this problem, a lot of research is being carried out in Opinion Mining. Through the Opinion Mining, we can know about contents of whole product reviews, Blogs are websites that allow one or more individuals to write about things they want to share with other The valuable data contained in posts from a large number of users across geographic, demographic and cultural boundaries provide a rich data source not only for commercial exploitation but also for psychological & sociopolitical research. This paper tries to demonstrate the plausibility of the idea through our clustering and classifying opinion mining experiment on analysis of blog posts on recent product policy and services reviews. We are proposing a Nobel approach for analyzing the Review for the customer opinion.

FULL TEXT: http://airccse.org/journal/iju/papers/5214iju01.pdf

REFERENCES [1] Khairullah Khan, BaharumB.Baharudin, Aurangzeb Khan, Fazal-e-Malik , Mining Opinion from text Documents: A Survey, 3rd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologie, 2009 [2] David Alfred Ostrowski, Sentiment Mining within Social Media forTopic Identification ,IEEE Fourth International Conference on Semantic Computing 2010 [3] ANA SUFIAN ,RANJITH ANANTHARAMAN ,Social Media Data Mining and Inference system based on Sentiment Analysis 2011 [4] KENNETH BLOOM,Sentiment Analysis Based On Appraisal Theory And Functional Local Grammar 2011.

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Citation Count: 18 MOBILE BASED SECURE DIGITAL WALLET FOR PEER TO PEER PAYMENT SYSTEM Majid Taghiloo1, Mohammad Ali Agheli 2, and Mohammad Reza Rezaeinezhad3 1

Amnafzar Department of Pishgaman Kavir Yazd, Tehran, Iran 2

Amnafzar Department of Pishgaman Kavir Yazd, Yazd, Iran 3

Pishgaman Kavir Yazd, Yazd, Iran

ABSTRACT E-commerce in today's conditions has the highest dependence on network infrastructure of banking. However, when the possibility of communicating with the Banking network is not provided, business activities will suffer. This paper proposes a new approach of digital wallet based on mobile devices without the need to exchange physical money or communicate with banking network. A digital wallet is a software component that allows a user to make an electronic payment in cash (such as a credit card or a digital coin), and hides the low-level details of executing the payment protocol that is used to make the payment. The main features of proposed architecture are secure awareness, fault tolerance, and infrastructure-less protocol.

KEYWORDS Wireless Network, Mobile Network, Digital Wallet, E- Payment System, Peer to Peer Communication & Security

FULL TEXT: http://airccse.org/journal/iju/papers/1010iju01.pdf

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AUTHORS Majid Taghiloo is currently a researcher of Amnafzar Department of Pishgaman Kavir Yazd Co. He completed his degree in Information Technology Engineering, in 2008, at Amirkabir University of Technology. He did his BSc in Computer Software Engineering, in 2004 at Tehran University of IRAN. His areas of interests include Security, Ad Hoc Network, Information Technology and ECommerce. He is now a lecturer of Islamic Azad University of Tehran, South Branch.

Mohammad Ali Agheli Hajiabadi is currently a Managing Director of Amnafzar department of Pishgaman Kavir Yazd Co. He completed his degree in Information Technology Engineering, in 2011, at Amirkabir University of Technology. He did his BSc in Computer Software Engineering, in 2002 at Islamic Azad University of Meibood. He is top manager of VOIP and Firewall Projects.

Mohammad Reza Rezaeinezhad is currently a Managing Director of Pishgaman Kavir Yazd Co. he completed his degree in Information Technology Engineering, in 2011 at Shiraz University. He did his BSc in Electronic Engineering, in 1998 at Ferdosi University of Mashhad. He is Chairman of the Board of Pishgaman Kavir Yazd (P.K.Y) cooperative company. It was established in 1996; with goals of reaching top level of Information Technology (IT) .This Company is servicing all internet and communication connections in all provinces in Iran.