Connecting Carlton Precinct Structure Plan

Connecting Carlton

Connecting Carlton Precinct Structure Plan Timothy Benedict Front Cover Image Source: Melbourne Street, (2016).

INCLUSIVE SUSTAINABLE DIVERSE INTEGRATED

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Connecting Carlton

I would like to ack nowledge the individuals and groups who have offered their suppor t and made contributions both large and small to the development of the Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan.

I would like to thank my tutor Bianca Elencevsk i for her advice, encouragement and engaging classes throughout the semester. Bianca’s urban design background and k nowledge has inspired many pieces of work in this precinc t struc ture plan.

I would also like to thank our guest crits throughout the semester including R aju Mazumdar and Gwenda Kullen who have given fresh perspec tives on this precinc t struc ture plan as they have developed throughout the semester.

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

This precinc t struc ture plan would not have been possible without the committment from my fellow group members. I am ver y grateful to Haoyan Wu, Claudia Lombard and Todd Berr y for all their great ideas and hard work this semester.

I am also ver y grateful for the comments and feedback offered by my class mates within Urban Precinc t Studio, my friends outside the Universit y of Melbourne and loved ones.

PRINCIPAL PARTNERS

Connecting Carlton

The Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan will continue to work closely with the following Vic torian State Government Depar tments and organisations, local government and other key organisations to develop polic y, per form research, design, construc t and advocate in order to implement the strategies prop

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

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CONTENTS

Connecting Carlton

Sec tion

Page

Sec tion

Page

1.0

I ntroduc tion

10

5.0

Carlton in 2050

48

1.1 1.2

Purpose of the Struc ture Plan Planning Process

14 15

5.1

Vision

50

2.0

Precinc t

16

6.0

Transpor t Proposal

52

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

Strategic Contex t Local Contex t Precinc t Charac ter H istorial Contex t Carlton Social Housing Estate Heriate Planning Contex t Land Use Planning Contex t

18 20 22 24 26 29 31

6.1 6.2

Heav y R ail Proposal Carlton Station

54 56

7.0

The Strategic Response

60

7.1 7.2 7.3

Strategic Direc tions Aspirational Cit y Struc ture Framework

62 64 65

3.0

Technical Analysis

32

8.0

Built Form and Land Use

66

3.1 3.2 3.3

Carlton Demographic Urban Form Access & Movement

34 37 38

4.0

Issues and Oppor tunities

40

4.1 4.2 4.3

Built Form and Land Use Summar y Access and Movement Summar y Public Realm Summar y

42 44 46

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6

Strategic Objec tives Building Typologies Enhancing Streetscapes Housing Land Use and Ac tivit y Urban Restoration

68 70 72 73 74 77

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

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Sec tion

Page

Sec tion

Page

9.0

Access and Movement

78

12.0

Summar y

120

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7

Strategic Objec tives Pedestrian Ac tions Cycling Ac tions Tram Ac tions Bus Ac tions Vehicular Ac tions Multi-Modal Transpor t I ntegration

80 82 86 90 93 94 95

12.1 12.2 12.3

Masterplan Summar y Figure I ndex References

122 124 126

10.0

Public Realm

100

10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4

Strategic Objec tives Accessible and Safe Spaces H ierarchy of Public Spaces Carlton I nterchange

102 104 105 106

11.0

I mplementation

112

11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5

Timeline and Schedule Built Form and Land Use Access and Movement Public Realm Social Housing Staging

114 115 116 117 118

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

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HOW TO READ THIS DOCUMENT

Connecting Carlton

1. I ntroduc tion

5. Carlton in 2050

9. Access and Movement

This sec tion explains the purpose, over view, planning process and communit y engagement under taken as par t of the precinc t struc ture plan.

This sec tion will outline a 30 year vision that guides the framework and direc tion for the precinc t.

This sec tion will outline the strategies for pedestrian, c yclist, tram, bus and vehicular movements within and beyond the precinc t as a wider integrated net work .

2. Contex t

6. Transpor t Proposal

10. Public Realm

This sec tion explains the Greater Melbourne, Regional and Local Contex t of Carlton including an analysis of local charac ter, heritage, landuse and the Carlton Social Housing Estate.

This sec tion will outline the proposed transpor t proposal which will be a major catalyst for change in the precinc t over 30 years.

This sec tion will outline the strategies for areas including streetscapes and parks.

3. Technical Analysis

7. Strategic Direc tions

11. implementation

This sec tion provides an analysis of key demographics in Carlton, the existing transpor t infrastruc ture and urban form present within the precinc t.

This sec tion will outline the macro level aims which will guide the development of the precicnt towards the vision and the framework for which this plan is developed.

This sec tion will outline the range of ac tions, priorities and responsible par ties needed to realise the vision for the Connec ting Carlton Precinc t.

4. issues & Oppor tunities

8. Built Form & Land Use

12. Summar y

This sec tion provides a graphic summar y of the main issues and oppor tunities identified on the site through the contex tual and technical analyses

This sec tion will outline strategies for how the built form and land use are developed and interac t with the public realm.

This sec tion will summarise the key direc tions for the precinc t into the future.

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

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SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION

Connecting Carlton

Legend Tram Lines

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE STRUCTURE PLAN

Connecting Carlton

The Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan provides a 30 year plan for the growth and improvement of the Carlton area.

The primar y purpose of precinc t struc tue plan is to outline a co - ordinated approach to built form, land use, access and movement, public realm, environmental sustainabilit y and urban resilience.

This precinc t plan will suppor t a smar t, healthy, sustainable and more inclusive communit y in Carlton with a focus on the rights to the cit y.

The catalyst for change across this precinc t will be a staged ex tension to the proposed Melbourne Metro Tunnel Projec t which will connec t the... and ... metropolitan train lines.

This ex tension will introduce 8 new stations running from Doncaster H ill, through Melbourne’s nor thern suburbs of Collingwood, Fitzroy and Carlton to the CBD.

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

The precinc t around the proposed underground station at the Carlton will form the centre of this precinc t. This site will deliver excellence in urban design and sustainabilit y whilst celebrating the existing charac ter, built heritage and communit y of the area.

The precicnt will provide a mix of residential and affordable housing options, a new retail complex, commercial spaces, close proximit y to the Park ville National Employment Cluster and multi-modal transpor t connec tions to the nor th and eastern suburbs of Melbourne.

This strategic plan is based upon ex tensive research of the Carlton communit y and the precinc t ’s strategic impor tance within Greater Melbourne.

Upon completion, this precinc t will become a crucial link and destination within Melbourne’s transpor t net work . Carlton will also become home to a rapidly growing population who will utilise the ser vices of this precinc t on a daily basis.

The Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan has also been informed by relevant local and state government planning documents including: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Plan Melbourne, Cit y of Melbourne.

Future Melbourne 2026, Cit y of Melbourne.

Oppor tunities for Carlton, Cit y of Melbourne.

Bic ycle Plan 2016-2020, Cit y of Melbourne.

Transpor t Strategy 2012, Cit y of Melbourne Doncaster R ail Study, Cit y of Boroondara.

Doncaster R ail Study Phase 1 Recommendations Repor t, Cit y of Yarra 8. Doncaster R ail Study : Phase 1 Recommendations Repor t, Manningham Cit y Council.

1.2 PLANNING PROCESS

Connecting Carlton

Phase 1 July - August

Phase 2 August

Phase 3 August

Phase 4 August

Research an area of interest which can be identified as a new public transport interchange.

Perform spatial analysis and technical assessments of identified precinct

Identify key issues, opportunities and constraints of precinct.

Form key strategic goals for precinct.

Identify an aspirational city and comparative site for the growth of the precinct.

Site visit 1 and community infrastrcuture assessments

Site visit 2 and data analysis

Identify stakeholders and review of precinct analysis

Build a framework for growth of the precinct and site visit 3

Phase 5 August - September

Phase 6 September

Phase 7 October

Phase 8 October

Develop a vision for the precinct over 30 years.

Presentation of precinct vision to community members and stakeholders

Re-focus precinct plan based upon community feedback.

Final precinct structure plan

Development of precinct poster and site visit 4

Community feedback session and site visit 5

Present draft of precinct stucture plan to industry professionals

Utilise feedback from industry professionals and site visit 6

Figure 1: Outline of the planning process.

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SECTION 2

PRECINCT

Connecting Carlton

2.1 STRATEGIC CONTEXT

Connecting Carlton

The Carlton precinc t is located 1.5k m from Melbourne’s CBD across the inner nor thern suburbs of Carlton, Carlton Nor th, Fitzroy and Fitzroy Nor th.

At a metropolitan scale, the Carlton precinc t is strategically located as a prime transpor t interchange for growing populations along Melbourne’s radial transpor t and ac tivit y corridors.

These corridors include the Hurstbridge, Lilydale/ Belgrave, Glen Waverly and Frankston train lines, Maroondah H ighway, Springvale Road, Canterbur y Road and the Eastern Freeway

The Eastern Freeway is a major transpor t corridor which ser vices the east to Springvale Road where it connec ts to R ingwood, Frankston and Por tsea via Eastlink . These aforementioned transpor t corridors City of Darebin will play a crucial role in the growth of Melbourne. +26.76% As shown in figure 3, the Carlton Precinc t ispop. ver 192,142 y well placed to play a significant role as a premier transpor t interchange for this growing population.

The Carlton Precinc t will provide this residential and transit population with convenient access to the CBD, employment oppor tunities both within the CBD and surrounding areas, enter tainment precinc ts in the nor City th asofwell as retail, commercial and civic Banyule ac tivities +15.52% offered in the inner suburbs.

City of Darebin City of Yarra +26.76% +32.81% pop. pop.

192,142 117,036 City of Yarra +32.81% pop. 117,036

pop. 148,095 City of Banyule +15.52% pop. 148,095

City of Manningham +22.75% Citypop.148,236 of Manningham +22.75% pop.148,236

Doncaster

MELBOURNE

MELBOURNE

Doncaster

Ringwood Ringwood

MELBOURNE Port Phillip Bay

Figure 2: The contex t for population growth in Melbourne’s inner eastern suburbs.

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Figure 3: Population Growth in Melbourne’s East by 2036.

The Cit y of Manningham is not connec ted by any heav y rail infrastruc ture.

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2011).

City of Boroondara +20.57% City of Boroondara pop. 210,870 +20.57% pop. 210,870

Legend Capital City Legend Major Town Capital City / Suburb Major Town / Suburb

City of Whitehorse +11.20% City of Whitehorse pop. 186,365 +11.20% pop. 186,365

Maroondah City Council +18.27% Maroondah City Council pop. 133,526 +18.27% pop. 133,526

Major Roads Existing Major RoadsMelbourne Metro Train Line Existing Melbourne Metro Train Line

Connecting Carlton

CRAGIEBURN

This access is facilitated via major public transpor t and road net works. Major tram routes along N icholson Street and Lygon Street run through the site including route 96 to East Brunswick , route 8 to Moreland and route 1 to East Coburg. These routes connec t the precinc t to both the CBD and nor thern suburbs.

The Carlton Precinc t is also strategically located along Alexandra Pde which provides a crucial link in Melbourne’s transpor t infrastruc ture bet ween Melbourne’s East, via the Eastern Freeway, the CBD, and Melbourne’s West, via Cit y Link .

SOUTH MORANG

UPFIELD

HURSTBRIDGE

ALEXANDRA PDE PARKVILLE ARDEN MACAULAY

FOOTSCRAY SUNBURY

COLLINGWOOD MELBOURNE Legend

DOCKLANDS

The Carlton Precinc t is also strategically located in proximit y to the Park ville National Employment Cluster. This cluster includes institutions and organisations such as The Universit y of Melbourne, RMIT Universit y, Monash Pharamacutical Campus, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Royal Children’s Hospital, Royal Women’s Hospital, the Australian Medical Association and the Bio21 I nstitute.

Precinct

SOUTHBANK FISHERMANS BEND

RINGWOOD

Train Line Train Destination

GLEN WAVERLY

PORT PHILLIP BAY ST KILDA 1. City of Melbourne, (2012). Transport Strategy 2012: Planning for Future Growth.

2. ABS, (2011). Population and Household Forecasts, 2011 to 2036.

River / Bay

WILLIAMSTOWN

0

10

20km

FRANKSTON

Figure 4: The Carlton Precinc t in contex t to Melbourne’s CBD, Park ville and Heav y R ail infrastruc ture.

Legend Precinct River / Bay

Train Line Train Destination

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2.2 LOCAL CONTEXT

Connecting Carlton

The size of the Alexandra Pde precinc t is 1.5k m 2 and is strategically defined by : • • • •

Numerous parks including Car ton Gardens and Cur tain Square, Communit y and educational facilities including Simmonds College, Carlton Nor th Primar y School and Carlton Nor th Librar y Notable landmarks including the Universit y of Melbourne and the Melbourne Cemeter y, and N icholson St transpor t corridor

The precinc t and environs contain fine grain, heritage listed vic torian era streetscapes, interspersed with contemporar y architec turally designed medium densit y retail, commercial and residential developments.

The many tree lined streets throughout the precinc t are also frequently utilised by c yclists on the ex tensive c ycling net work in the area. Canning St is one of the most popular c ycling routes in Melbourne connec ting the inner nor thern suburbs with the CBD [2].

2. City of Melbourne (2016) Bicycle Plan 2016-2020.

3. City of Melbourne, (2011). Opportunities for Carlton: Mid-Term Review.

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Lygon St, N icholson St and Brunswick St are impor tant anchors as a premier enter tainment distric t in Melbourne. These ac tivit y corridors are well k nown for their cuisine, cafes, unique culture, bohemian atmosphere, shopping, bars, live music and nightlife.

The residential areas bet ween these ac tivit y corridors are rapidly gentrifying as both students and professionals are attrac ted to the area due to the proximit y to the CBD, high walk abilit y of the neighbourhoods and ease of access to the Universit y of Melbourne.

The Carlton Social Housing estate is a notable landmark in the area. The estate provides accomodation to many ethnically diverse people and those of poor socio - economic backgrounds [3 . Sec tion 2.5 will examine the Carlon Social Housing site in more depth.

Connecting Carlton

The Carlton Precinc t has a number of notable landmarks and points of interests which provide the precinc t with its unique charac ter and underpin its significance as a transpor t interchange and communit y hub of the inner nor th.

1. Melbourne Cemeter y is a significant landmark to the precinc t ’s nor th east and is a heritage registered site. This creates a significant barrier to the precinc t ’s nor th east for pedestrians, public transpor t modes and private vehicles coming from Royal Parade.

2. Carlton Social Housing Estate is the most significant area of developable land in the precinc t.

3. Elgin St Social Housing Estate is another significant area of developable land. The nor thern side of the site has recently been developed and consists of 304 units housing approximately 910 residents.

4. Carlton Gardens and Royal Exhibition Building and environs are world heritage listed areas.

Sec tion 2.6 will examine this are in more detail.

5. Cur tain Square is a ver y popular local park on R athdowne St for local residents. I t is adjacent to R athdowne village which has a mix of specialt y shops, small businesses and cafes. Together they anchor this local area.

6. Keppel St Social Housing includes three private apar tment buildings and a six storey social housing building comprising of 50 apar tments.

The nor th side of the site was completed in 2012 while the southern side is still under construc tion.

7. Simonds College shares 500 students bet ween t wo campuses and opened its Nor th Fitzroy campus in 2010.

8. Lygon St is a major enter tainment and hospitalit y centre in Melbourne’s nor th which is ver y popular for its I talian cuisine.

9. Macar thur Square is a prominent local park for the residential population in this area.

10. Carlton Primar y School is host to a ver y diverse communit y of students and families in the Carlton region. The school utilises a considerable area of the social housing estate as its private school grounds.

11. Major ar terial roads through the precinc t which is designed predominantly for cars.

5

1 11 6

7

9

11

2 10

11 3 9

8 4 Figure 5: (R ight) Aerial Photo of existing conditions of the Carlton Precinc t in 2016.

Source: Nearmap, (2016).

0

400m

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

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2.3 PRECINCT CHARACTER

Connecting Carlton

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

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2.4 HISTORICAL CONTEXT

Connecting Carlton

1880 Royal Exhibition Building Constructed

Source: Museum Vic toria, (2016).

Source: Depar tment of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (2016).

1860

1880

1900

1920

1860 Settlement begins to flourish

1852 Robert Hoddle Surveys Carlton

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

1923 Oswald Barnett Slum Cearance

Connecting Carlton

1960 Construction of Carlton Social Housing Estate

2016 Aerial Photo of Carlton

1945 Aerial Photograph of Carlton[1].

Source: Depar tment of Human Ser vices, (2009).

1940

1960

1980

Source: Nearmap (2016).

2000

1960 25% of Carlton’s Population is Italian

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2.5 CARLTON SOCIAL HOUSING ESTATE

Connecting Carlton

BACKGROUND AND CURRENT CONDITIONS

The Carlton Social Housing Estate was construc ted in 1960 with the aim of removing the slums of Carlton, creating open space for public use and providing a better standard of living to the future residents of the estate.

Figures 7 through to 14 demonstrate the current charac ter and issues prevalent throughout the housing estate.

3 6

This housing estate is home to approximately 2,100 residents across 700 apar tments [1] .

Similar to most of the social housing complexes created during this period, the Carlton Social Housing Estate was inspired by Le Corbusier st yle towers surrounded by wide open spaces.

Today this housing estate has come to reflec t the slum like conditions which it had once attempted to remove. 21 storey buildings loom over cold and windswept spaces below which as a result have become underutilised and neglec ted.

A lack of street level ac tivit y, limited capacit y for passive sur veillance, overshadowing of public space and drug and alcohol abuse are the main issues with the site.

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

1

Figure 7: No passive sur veillance at street level throughout the housing estate. The underof t areas are hot spots for anti-social behaviour.

Source: Berr y, T. (2016).

5 7 2 4

1

8

Figure 6: Areial Photo of existing conditions at the Carlton Social Housing Estate in 2016.

Source: Nearmap, (2016)

2

Figure 8: Open spaces bet ween buildings are filled with car parks which appear unsafe.

Source: Berr y, T. (2016).

Connecting Carlton

3

5

Buildings overshadow the southern sides mak ing public spaces cold and uninviting.

Figure 9: Six lanes of high speed traffic create a pedestrian barrier which separates the nor th and south sides of Alexandra Pde / Princes St.

6

4

Figure 10: Fencing surrounding the Carlton Housing Estate creates a pedestrian barrier.

Figure 11: Building heights do not facilitate passive sur veillance of surrounding areas.

Figure 12: The estate has low pedestrian permeabilit y due to dead ends, large building sizes at ground level and fenced off areas.

7

Figure 13: Uninviting building architec ture which is distinc tly different from the surrounding Vic torian era streetscapes. This creates a visual separation bet ween perception of what is public land and housing estate land.

8

Figure 14: Public Spaces are not put in effec tive positions to encourage their use.

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Connecting Carlton

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS - RIGHTS TO THE CITY[1] The nature of the built environment on the Carlton Social Housing Estate has created a division of public and private land on the site. The new developments on the nor th east corner of the site were envisaged to be a blend of private and public units as par t of a social inclusion projec t. However, due to development pressure and profit margins, gates and walls were erec ted. This increased that apar tment values but prevents public tenants from entering into the communal spaces of these buildings, fur ther compounding the segregation of this communit y.

O verall it is evident that the current approach to development on the site does not focus on the engagement or social inclusion of the existing residents of the housing estate.

According to the research presented, fur ther development must look to create inclusive public spaces and mixed developments across the site which promote access to all.

1. The information presented in this sec tion has been sourced from a repor t by Associate Professor K athy Ar thurson, Dr I ris Levin and Associate Professor Anna Ziersch (2013) titled: We don’t have Access to that ’: Social mix and the right to the cit y.

Flinders Universit y. This repor t outlines the social research per formed at the Carlton Social Housing Site regarding the appropriation and access of local spaces. This presentation included the inter views with residents of the housing estate used in this sec tion.

Social housing residents who responded to inter views stated that: • •

I t ’s “symbolically marked by the garden that the public tenants can look at but can’t go into, a nice little private place” - SP2. “ These is upper class always by block ing you... you can see the green on the other side and on our side all you can see if just no back yard, no nothing and your view is onto the streets, to the cars” - SH1

Fur thermore, the effec tiveness of communit y consultation was questioned as tenants felt that “in realit y much bigger forces are at play when you’re talk ing about a $400m redevelopment projec t ” - SH6

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Figure 15: Communal garden located in the new housing development sec tion which is fenced off from the public housing residents [1] .

Figure 16: Gated access to communal areas.

Source: Berr y, T. (2016)

2.6 HERITAGE PLANNING CONTEXT

Connecting Carlton

HERITAGE OVERLAY AND HERITAGE REGISTER

The Carlton Precinc t is largely covered by a Heritage O verlay (HO). This heritage overlay requires a permit to subdivide land, demolish or remove a building and to construc t or carr y out works on site. Key landmarks on the Vic torian Heritage Register are shown to the right.

Figure 18: St Judes Anglican Church

Figure 20: Primar y School NO. 2605

Figure 19: Former Carlton Creche

Figure 21: Church of all Nations

Legend Heritage O verlay (HO) Heritage Register

Figure 17: (Lef t) Heritage and Heritage Register Source: Depar tment of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, (2016).

Figure 19: Heritage Council Victoria, (2016a) Figure 20 Heritage Council Victoria, (2016c) Figure 21: Heritage Council Victoria, (2016d)

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

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Connecting Carlton

ROYAL EXHIBITION BUILDING AND CARLTON GARDENS

Figure 22: Royal Exhibition Building.

Source: Visit Melbourne, (2016).

Significant to the Carlton Precinc t is the UNESCO listed Royal Exhibition Building located in Carlton Gardens on the southern border of our precinc t. The Royal Exhibition Building represents an impor tant par t of not only Carlton’s contex t as an impor tant locale within Melbourne, but also Melbourne’s signifcance on a global scale.

Figure 23: (R ight) Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens World Heritage Environs Area.

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

“ The Royal Exhbition Building and the surrounding Carlton Gardens, as the main ex tant sur vivors of a Palace of I ndustr y and its setting, together reflec t the global influence of the international exhibition movement of the nineteenth and early t wentieth centuries. The movement showcased technological innovation and change, which helped promote a rapid increase in industrialisation and international trade through the exchange of k nowledge and ideas” (Pg 2: Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens World Heritage Management Plan).

Additionally, the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens World Heritage Environs Area ( WHEA) must be protec ted as a buffer zone in order to respec t the world heritage value of these areas respec tively. Figure _ outlines the WHEA for this site which incorporates predominantly residential areas and some mixed use buildings.

I n relation to the Carlton Precinc t, through a respec t towards and compliance with the local, state, national and world heritage overlays on this site, any changes within both the heritage overlay (HO) and par ticularly the Royal Exhbition Building WHEA, must take into account: - I mpor tant Visual Aspec ts of the Royal Exhibition Building including the visibilit y of the dome, the grand south entrance, the landscape elemnets of Carlton Gardens and the prominence of the REB in the scale of the surround vic torian era streetscapes.

- Views of the Royal Exhibition Building including direc t views from surronding streets within the WHEA such as N icholson St, Drummond St, Canning St and R athdowne St. - Views from the Promenade deck of the the Royal Exhbition Building.

2.7 LAND USE PLANNING CONTEXT There are a mix of land uses in the precinc t including various residential, commercial, mixed use, public park and recreation and several public use zones.

Notably, the residential zones include GRZ1, GRZ2, GRZ3, NRZ1 and RGZ1.

General Residential Zone 1 (GRZ1) has a height restric tion of 8m and conditional restric tions on a number of alternative building uses.

GRZ2 and GRZ3 have no height restric tions.

However, the restric tions require no loss of public amenit y, assessment of impac t of surrounding amenit y, whether alternatives exist to building visually obtrusive designs in excess of 9m, whether subdivision will not be in keeping with charac ter and appearance of adjacent buildings and streetscape and the layout of car park ing, access and egress and off street park ing.

The Neighbourhood Residential Zone 1 (NRZ1) is purposed to maintain and respec t the charac ter of the area. This requires a limitation of one to t wo storey residential developments and a limit on the oppor tunit y for increased residential development in the area.

Connecting Carlton

The Residential Growth Zone 1 (RGZ1) is purposed to provide housing at increased densities of up to 4 storeys, encourage a diversit y of housing t ypologies with access to ser vices and transpor t connec tions, provide a transition of uses and densities bet ween areas of development and areas of restric ted growth and to allow a variet y of educational, recreational religious, communit y and other non-residential uses to ser ve the communit y. The RGZ1 also has limitations on permitted uses including retail premises (other than communit y market, food and drink premises, plant nurser y and shop) and as a transpor t terminal.

Legend General Residential Zones Neighbourhood Residential Zone Commercial Zones M ixed use Zones Public Park and Recreation Zones Public Use Zones Road Zone Capital Cit y Zone

Figure 24: Land Use zoning map.

Source: Depar tment of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, (2016)

0

400m

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SECTION 3

TECHNICAL ANALYSIS

Connecting Carlton

3.1 DEMOGRAPHIC

Connecting Carlton

The information in the following sec tion has been sourced from the from the 2011 Census on Population and Housing. Although this data is quite dated, it is still the most up to date data available until the 2016 census information is released. As a result, this precinc t repor t will utilise the 2011 data and forecasts to form an analysis of the Carlton communit y.

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2011).

POPULATION 14,109 People

35% Higher Education Students

34

25 Median Age

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Student Demographic A key point influencing the median age, median income and high proporation of renting households is the large number of residents (35%) whom are higher education students and whom may have low income jobs, or no job while studying [1] . This population is largely temporar y, t ypically residing in Carlton for 3-4 years for the duration of their study.

This is an impor tant demographic in Carlton which the Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan should address.

CULTURE Living in Carlton

56% Born Overseas

49% Language other than English

Cultural Diversit y Additionally there is a high percentage of people living in Carlton who were born overseas (56%) and speak a language other than English at home (49%). Throughout Carlton this is reflec ted in the many distinc t cultural areas such as Lygon St, the Carlton Social Housign Estate, international student accommodation where there are higher concentrations of diversit y.

This cultural diversit y represents the majorit y in Carlton and will be addressed within the precicnt struc ture plan

INCOME Median

$

37% Weekly income less than $300

$

22% Nil income Rank 1. in City of Melbourne

Connecting Carlton

Modes of Travel

3% 5%

Carlton has a workforce of 15,245 people. As shown in figure 25, the majorit y of the workforce (87%) travel from within Metropolitan Melbourne to Carlton, 6% travel from within the Cit y of Melbourne to Carlton and only 5% live and work within Carlton.

When travelling to Carlton for work , 24% take the train, 10% take the tram, 7% walked, 6% c ycled, 2% caught the bus and a majorit y of 45% drove.

This suggests that there needs to be a greater emphasis put on public and ac tive forms of transpor tation to and from Carlton, par ticularly for residents living within Metropolitan Melbourne and travelling to the suburb.

TRANSPORT Modes of Travel

36% Public Transport

45% Car

6% Cycle

6%

87%

Metropolitan Melbourne Outside Greater Melbourne City of Melbourne Carlton

Occupation The occupations of Carlton’s workforce of 15,245 include 37% professionals, 20% clerical and administration workers, 14% managers and 3% labourers.

This suggests that the majorit y of workers within Carlton may not t ypically require a car for their job, whilst labourers (3%) are most likely require some form of private transpor t.

Figure 25: Where Carlton workers reside.

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2011)

HOUSEHOLDS 8,416 Dwellings

61% Highrise Apartments

19% 17% Low-rise Semi-detached Apartments house

RENTING Within Carlton

62% Renting

17% Own Outright or Mortgaged

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

35

Connecting Carlton

Population Densit y

Population Forcast

Development Forecast

Carlton’s residential population is projec ted to grow at a rate of 8% - 12% ever y 5 years. Following this trend Carlton is predic ted to maintain a 14% share of the Cit y of Melbourne’s population.

Figure 27 outlines Carlton’s residential population growth relative to the Cit y of Melbourne to 2036. by 2036 the resident population is predic ted to be approximately 28,380.

Projected Population 30,000 25,000

Nonetheless, the 2011 census predic ts that by 2036, Carlton will increase the number of residential dwellings from 8,416 to over 14,000 to accommodate for this growth

20,000 Legend

15,000

0-299 300-367 368-433 434-514 515-6433 Precinc t Boundar y

10,000 0

Figure 26: Population densit y across Carlton by area.

Source: Nearmap, (2016).

Figure 27: Predic ted Carlton population growth to 2036.

36

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

One of the key challenges into the future will be providing accommodation to this growing population within Carlton. This will need to occur through the densification of Carlton’s residential areas, continued development of high and low rise residential apar tments along major transpor t corridors and encouraging the development of mixed use residential, commercial and retail developments.

Carlton’s predominant heritage overlay will be a major challenge in densifying the suburb to accomodate this population. Sec tion 3.2 will explore current development patterns in Carlton and identify possible future direc tions.

5,000 2016

2026

2036

3.2 URBAN FORM The urban form of the precinc t is charac terised by a grid formation with irregular patterns of square and thin rec tangular block sizes. Consequently the permeabilit y of the street net work within the precinc t varies according to block shape.

Laneways cut through these irregular block sizes to facilitate more direc t movement for pedestrians and occassionally vehicles. The laneways also ac t as ser vice lanes to many of the proper ties within these block sizes.

Connecting Carlton

The current Carlton Social Housing Estate is the largest impermeable block in the precinc t. The construc tion of the estate in the 1960s resulted in the demolition all the homes and existing street net work through the estate. Figure 30 shows the lost permeabilit y through the estate.

0

High St

il Ne

400m

Tobias Pl Reeves St

Rathdowne St

Lygon St

Drummond St

Princes St

t lS

Legend Street Block

Laneway

Figure 28: Analysis of urban form including block sizes, grid street net work and laneways.

Palmerston St

Figure 29: Laneway look ing west (lef t) and east (right) which increase permeabilit y through block .

Figure 30: Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works detail plan 1897 showing past street net work including H igh St and Reeves St. Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

37

3.3 ACCESS AND MOVEMENT

Connecting Carlton

•

38

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

k St B ru ns w ic Jo hn st on

Ly go n St

D ru m m on

d St

St

Legend

Legend

Pedestrian Space

Separated Cycling Lane On road c ycling lane

Pd e

St

ne St Sw an st on

B ru ns w ic

El gi n St

d St

Jo hn st on

St

k St

R at hd ow

St N ic ho ls on

ne St R at hd ow

A le xa nd ra

Pd e

D ru m m on

•

El gi n St

Ly go n St

•

Cycling Net work

A le xa nd ra

St

•

Current allocation of pedestrian space does not prioritise pedestrian movement across the precinc t..

Current c ycling net work does provide safe separated c ycling lanes across many of the busiest roads through the precicnt. there is also a disconnec tion bet ween all the nor th south c ycling routes.

Current tram net work ser vices the area ver y well, however it is slowly reaching overload capacit y during peak times. Abilit y to add more ser vices along these routes is limited due to already crowded Swanston St tram corridor.

Current bus net work runs across major ar terial roads however there is not common interchange point.

Current vehicular corridors cut through key areas of the precinc t, hindering pedestrian and c ycling movement.

Sw an st on

•

Pedestrian Net work

N ic ho ls on

The Cit y of Melbourne has worked ex tensively in the area to deliver targetted and integrated multi-modal transpor t oppor tunities. However there still exist many issues with the site’s current access and movement. These include:

St

Connecting Carlton

11

96

k St

St

B ru ns w ic

N ic ho ls on

R at hd ow

St Sw an st on

N ic ho ls on

B ru ns w ic St

El gi n St

Pd e

Jo hn st on

d St

St

Ly go n St

D ru m m on

d St

Jo hn st on

D ru m m on

Ly go n St

k St

St

ne St

2 0 0 2 07

2 0 0 2 07

St

A le xa nd ra

Pd e ne St

A le xa nd ra

250 251

Sw an st on

B ru ns w ic

St

k St

R at hd ow

St N ic ho ls on

El gi n St

11

d St D ru m m on

Ly go n St

546

546 Pd e

96

Jo hn st on

8

1

Sw an st on

St

R at hd ow

ne St

A le xa nd ra

El gi n St

Main Vehicular Net work

250 251

Bus Net work

8

1

Tram Net work

Legend

Legend

Legend

Tram Routes

Bus Routes

Main Vehicular Routes

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

39

SECTION 4

ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Connecting Carlton

4.1 BUILT FORM AND LAND USE

Connecting Carlton

ISSUES

1. Communit y catchments within the precinc t v\ to not reach the entire communit y within a 400m walk ble catchment. The Carlton Social Housing Estate has an existing communit y suppor t centre, however this has been identified as primarily for housing estate residents.

2. Existing built form of the housing estate is dated and run down. Builings have become symbols of the lower class within Carlton and have worked to fur ther segregate this communit y.

3. Buildings within the precinc t overshadow public spaces and neighbouring streets.

4. Built form does not encourage passive sur veillance of the streetscape.

k St

n St

a Pd e

B r u n s w ic

E lg in S t

N ic h o ls o

Rathdow

Swanston

St

ne St

A le x a n d r

Johnston

St

42

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Drummon

Lygo n S t

d St

Legend 400m Community Hub Catchment Physical and Perceived Barrier

0

400m

Connecting Carlton

OPPORTUNITIES

k St

n St

B r u n s w ic

E lg in S t

Drummon

d St

Johnston

Lygo n S t

a Pd e

Legend

N ic h o ls o

Rathdow

St

ne St

A le x a n d r

Swanston

1. Existing development corridor along Swanston St is suppor ted by Swanston St / Lygon St tram routes. There is the oppor tunit y to ex tend development which follows a similar pattern and height beyond Elgin St. 2. Potential transpor t connec tions along N icholson St and R athdowne St could encourage development along these corridors, in appropriate locations.

3. Lygon St enter tainment and cultural hub is a major destination within the precinc t. This hub currently ex tends along Lygon St and Elgin St. Potential expansion of this hub to connec t with Drummond St will create an integrated precinc t.

4. The charac ter of Carlton Gardens and immediate surrounds can be ex tended beyond the WHEA to fur ther cement the World Heritage Listed Site as a key landmark within the precinc t and Melbourne.

5. Laneway developments can be implemented along the Carlton Social Housing Estate to increase the permeabilit y of the built form and reflec t surrounding charac ter.

6. Grid Struc ture of the precinc t can be utitilised for the efficient distribution of infrastruc ture throughout the precinc t.

St

Laneway Precedents Existing entertainment corridors Potential Extension of entertainment corridors Exiting development corridor supported by tram route Potential extension of development corridors Potential extension of WHEA character

0

400m

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

43

4.2 ACCESS AND MOVEMENT

Connecting Carlton

ISSUES

k St

n St

a Pd e

B r u n s w ic

E lg in S t

N ic h o ls o

Rathdow

St

ne St

A le x a n d r

Swanston

1. Edge barriers along Princes St, around the Universit y of Melbourne and Melbourne Cemeter y inhibit pedestrian movement through perceived and ac tual barriers 2. East west connec tions across the precinc t are not facilitated for c ycling or pedestrian movement.

3. Key pedestrian dominanc t spaces are not connec ted 4. Landmarks and points of interest across the precinc t are not connec ted for local residents, car remains the preferred transpor t option bet ween locations 5. Conflic ts bet ween the prioritisation of street space exist at key intersec tions 6. Busy vehicle corridors create barriers throughout the precinc t and do not unify distric ts.

Johnston

St

Legend Edge Landmarks Main Vehicle Corridor Pedestrian Oriented Spaces

44

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Drummon

Lygo n S t

d St

Key intersections East- west pedestrian movement

0

400m

Connecting Carlton

OPPORTUNITIES

k St

n St

a Pd e

Legend

B r u n s w ic

E lg in S t

N ic h o ls o

Rathdow

St

ne St

A le x a n d r

Johnston

Key access route to site Improved intersections

St

Potential location for bus interchange

d St

Key links with access to the CBD Landmarks

Drummon

Lygo n S t

Swanston

1. Utilise 30m width of roads throughout the precinc t to redesign streetscapes to better prioritise pedestrian and c ycling movement.

2. Redesign intersec tions to improve safet y and facilitate more efficient movement across the precinc t for all forms of transpor t.

3. Connec t all transpor t modes to the Carlton Station I nterchange.

4. Provide end of trip facilities at key locations across the precinc t to encourage ac tive transpor t.

5. Connec t landmarks and local town areas through an integrated transpor t system to make the precinc t a space for both locals and transit populations.

Street redevelopment

0

400m

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

45

4.3 PUBLIC REALM

Connecting Carlton

ISSUES

k St

n St

a Pd e

B r u n s w ic

E lg in S t

N ic h o ls o

Rathdow

St

ne St

A le x a n d r

Swanston

1. Disconnec ted pedestrian dominant spaces throughout the precinc t 2. Carlton Social Housing Estate is perceived as separate from the rest of the Carlton Communit y.

3. Communit y members do not utilise the existing infrastruc ture within the housing estate and as a result the space is of ten fur ther perceived as unsafe.

4. Fences surrounding the housing estate reinforce this isolation and create a ‘yours’ and ‘ours’ culture of class separation.

5. Alexandra Pde and Princes St are major transpor t corridors through the precinc t however they create a divide bet ween the nor th and south side of the precinc t.

Johnston

St

Legend Physical and Perceived Barrier

46

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Drummon

Lygo n S t

d St

Connection of pedestrian spaces Fencing and Barriers Drummond St Access

0

400m

Connecting Carlton

OPPORTUNITIES

Legend Gateway to the Precinct Landmarks Potential links across precinct Existing Green corridors

k St

n St

a Pd e

Potential Green Corridors

B r u n s w ic

E lg in S t

N ic h o ls o

Rathdow

St

ne St

A le x a n d r

Johnston

Views to the Carlton Housing Estate

St

Entertainment district Community District Cultural District

d St Drummon

Lygo n S t

Swanston

1. Existing green streetscapes can be ex tended along areas identified as major pedestrian routes or areas reqiring traffic calming.

2. Landmarks, points of interest and existing green spaces within the precinc t can be connec ted by green corridors.

3. The Carlton Social Housing Estate is a noticeable landmark from any where within the precinc t.

I mproving the inward perception of the precinc t through both physical development and social inclusion strategies will improve the estate’s communit y value.

4. Direc t view of Melbourne’s CBD from Drummond St can be harnessed to improve sense of place within the precinc t.

5. 30m wide streets throughout the precinc t offer great oppor tunit y to integrate multi-modal transpor tation into existing urbanform.

Direct view of Abode318 connecting precinct to the CBD

0

400m

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

47

SECTION 5

CARLTON IN 2050 This section provides a vision for the future of the Carlton Precinct over the next 30 years. It takes into account the contributions of the relevant local and state government planning documents as outlined in section 1.1 of this precinct report.

This vision has been established through community consultation and extensive on and off site research. This vision aims to deliver a framework for growth which anticipates the strategic importance of the precinct within the context of Greater Melbourne, inclusive of new and existing residents and is respectful of the precinct’s character and heritage.

Connecting Carlton

5.1 VISION

Connecting Carlton

The Carlton Precinct and environs are strategically located 1.5kms north of Melbourne’s CBD. Victorian era streetscapes and buildings are valued, interspersed with contemporary architecturally designed medium density retail, commercial and residential developments.

The area will be well serviced by public transport with a central Melbourne metro station, efficienct and direct connections to bus, tram and train networks that connect Greater Melbourne with the Parkville National Employment Cluster, inner northern suburbs and the CBD. Drummond Street will be at the heart of this vibrant and unique precinct which will harness the celebrated character, culture and night-life of the inner northern suburbs of Carlton, Fitzroy and Collingwood. The streets, footpaths and open spaces will contribute to a high quality network of destinations which support healthy travel choices, strong communities, prosperous businesses and green links.

The Carlton Interchange will work with the existing immigrant and social housing population of the area to be the heart of a socially just and inclusive community. In a time of increasing refugee numbers globally, this precinct will include various housing typologies to support the asylum and adaptation to Australian life of these vulnerable groups. In doing so this precinct will respond to the changing face of Melbourne’s cultural ancestry and extend its social outreach to connect those in need with social, rehabilitation, education, training services and employment opportunities.

The effects of climate change will be mitigated by wide canopied streets, linear parks, rain gardens, bioswales and green roofs and walls.

50

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

ST CANNING

DRUMMON

D ST

RATHDOW NE ST

Connecting Carlton

Legend Low scale built form (1-3 storeys)

PRINCES

Medium scale built form (4-10 storeys) ST

High scale built form (11+ storeys) Tram line and stops Bus Interchange Cycling lanes and cycle road crossing

ST

Grass Standard footpath

SWANSTON

PALMERST ON ST

High quality pedestrian space

NICHOLSO

N ST

ELGIN ST

High visibility pedestrian crossing Road Shared pedestrian, car and bus space Public square

LYGON ST

Laneway Trees

0

Figure 31: Proposal for the Carlton Precinc t and Environs.

400m

0 Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

400m 51

SECTION 6

TRANSPORT PROPOSAL The catalyst for the Carlton Precinct Structure Plan will be the introduction of a below-grade metropolitan train station in the heart of the precinct.

This station will form the centre of the precinct and will reinforce Carlton’s capability to become the premier transport interchange of Melbourne’s inner northern suburbs.

Connecting Carlton

Image source: Government News, (2014)

6.1 HEAVY RAIL PROPOSAL

Connecting Carlton

OVERVIEW

Carlton is strategically located as a gateway to connec t growing populations in Melbourne’s nor th eastern suburbs.

South Morang Hurstbridge

This projec t builds upon the work of previous Doncaster R ail proposals and aims to implement a heav y rail line from Doncaster to the CBD via the proposed Melbourne Metro Tunnel Projec t. This proposal will see the creation of 8 new metropolitan stations from Doncaster to Carlton.

10k

Carlton Station will become the vital link and destination for this proposed train line. I t will connec t patrons and residents to the Carlton Precinc t, the Park ville National Employment Cluster, the Universit y of Melbourne, Melbourne’s nor then suburbs and the CBD. The existing smar t bus ser vice which runs from Doncaster to the CBD currently has 3.5 million passengers per year which equates to 9,600 passengers a day including weekends ( Yes to Doncaster R ail, 2016). This existing patronage will drive the growth of this proposed train line which can be expec ted to increase due to the attrac tion, reliabilit y and increased capacit y of heav y rail transpor t over buses.

m

Warrandyte Templestowe 5k

m

Bulleen

Carlton Kew

Balwyn North

MELBOURNE

Figure 32: Doncaster R ail Proposal 54

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Legend

Doncaster Balwyn

Existing Metropolitan R ail

Ringwood

Proposed Doncaster R ail Stations Road Net work

Melbourne train network Melbourne train network

Connecting Carlton

The train line will connec t to the Melbourne Metro Tunnel projec t at Park ville Station where it will continue through CBD Nor th, CBD South, Domain and connec t to South Yarra Station. This train line will also help to devlier Melbourne as a polycentric cit y.

Legend Existing Metropolitan R ail Zone 1

nd

Ri

de

Existing Metroolitan R ail Zone 2

Carlton Parkville

te r as nc Do

Ba

en lle Bu

rth No

w Ke

Fit z

ro y

lw

yn

Pa r

ka

Proposed Doncaster R ail DONCASTER HILL

Premium Station M inor Station Connec ting Tram

CBD North

Connec ting Bus

Do

m

ain

CBD South

Connec ting V/Line Train Connec ting V/Line Coach Park ing

P

Figure 33: Proposed Doncaster R ail in the contex t of the existing metropolitan rail net work . Source: Metro Trains, 2016.

NORTH MAP NOT TO SCALE Effective January 2016 Š Public Transport Victoria 2015

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

55

6.2 CARLTON STATION

Connecting Carlton

INTEGRATION INTO PUBLIC REALM AND TRANSPORT INTERCHANGES

The new Carlton Station will connec t to 2 existing tram routes and 5 bus routes. There is also the potential to reroute buses and introduce a new tram line through the precinc t. This will be discussed fur ther in sec tion 9.4 an 9.5.

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

ICK ST

PALMERST ON ST

LYGON ST

ELGIN ST

0

400m

Legend Proposed below grade tunnel route Station access points Station footprint below grade

56

RA PDE

BRUNSW

DRUMMO

This concourse will facilitate direc t pedestrian egress from the station underground.

The Drummond St / Neill St entrance will open up to the hear t of the Carlton Precinc t which will become a hub of ac tivit y bet ween Palmerston St and Alexandra Pde. The station will anchor a thriving retail environment, commercial and residential development oppor tunities, green streetscapes, wide footpaths, Carlton’s inner cit y atmosphere, Melbourne’s laneway culture and direc t access to public transpor t connec tions.

ALEXAND

RATHDO WNE ST

ND ST

The train tunnel will pass under Alexandra Pde from the east and arrive at Carlton Station to be located below grade at the intersec tion of Drummond St and Neill St. A below grade pedestrian concourse will connec t to three access points, one at the corner of Drummond St and Neill St, one at the corner of Neill St and R athdowne St and the other on Lygon St.

Proposed Tram routes Proposed Bus routes Proposed Bus I nterchange

Figure 35: Ar tistic impression of Carlton station entrance on Drummond St. Figure 34: (M iddle) Proposed Station location, station exits and nearby public transpor t connec tions.

Connecting Carlton

Legend PRINCES

ST

Low scale built form (1-3 storeys) Medium scale built form (4-10 storeys) High scale built form (11+ storeys) Tram line and stops Proposed Below Grade Rail Line Proposed entrance points Bus Interchange Cycling lanes and cycle road crossing Grass Standard footpath High quality pedestrian space High visibility pedestrian crossing

PALMERS TON ST

Road Shared pedestrian, car and bus space Public square Laneway Trees

ELGIN ST

Figure 36: Proposed below grade Carlton Station footprint shown in ‘x-ray ’ within the local contex t.

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

57

Connecting Carlton

0m

Legend Sec tion line

PALMERS TO

N ST

58

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

20m

Connecting Carlton

Figure 37: Impression of a future metroplitan station in Carlton.

Image Source: Melbourne Metro Tunnel Project (2016), Arden Station Internal

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

59

SECTION 7

STRATEGIC RESPONSE

Connecting Carlton

7.1 STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS

Connecting Carlton

The strategic direc tions that follow will outline the key priorities for the Carlton Precinc t. These aspirations will inform the planning objec tives and strategies required to achieve the vision for this precinc t.

A gateway to the nor thern and eastern suburbs of Vic toria.

The Carlton Precinc t is strategically located to become a key transpor t interchange connec ting to Greater Melbourne via train, tram, bus and road net works [1] .

A place that is easy to get around The Carlton Precinc t will connec t the local communit y and visitors to Melbourne’s CBD via accessible and sustainable transpor t alternatives such as walk ing, c ycling, train, tram and bus [2] .

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Herald Sun, (2009). Melbourne’s Train system name changes from Connex to Metro.

LucasgabrielGraphics (2016). Lucas Gabriel Folio 2016.

City of Melbourne (2011). Opportunities for Carlton.

Streetsblognyc (2007). Melbourne, Australia After a decade of focus on public spaces Clarke Hopkins Clarke (2016). Fitzroy Coles ‘The Bullring’.

American Society of Landscape Architects (2002). Chicago City Hall Green Roof

62

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

A place that celebrates the cultural diversit y and communit y of the area.

The Carlton Precinc t will continue to suppor t diverse communities through social and education programs, cultural festivals and retail oppor tunities [3] .

Connecting Carlton

An inviting place for young, old and in bet ween The Carlton Precicnt will focus on pedestrian mobiliit y for people of all ages and capacities. The streets and public spaces will be designed to create a safe and inclusive environment [4] .

A high qualit y built form The will respec t the contex t and valued heritage through a sensitive design process.

Architec turally designed buildings will improve the appearance and amenit y of the Carlton Housing estate for the future [5] .

M itigate changing climate and social conditions Best prac tice sustainable design will be incorporated into the built form, movement and public realm. The embodied energy of buildings should be valued and utilised in future development [6] .

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

63

7.2 ASPIRATIONAL CITY STRUCTURE

Connecting Carlton

BARCELONA

Barcelona’s famous oc tagonal grid form ser ves and inspiration for our precinc t ’s design.

The precicnt plan for Carlton will discuss the growth and development of Carlton with reference to precedents evident in Barcelona.

Barcelona was chosen as the aspirational cit y struc ture for Carlton as it shares many similar charac teristics with our site and Melbourne in general.

Most notably is the influence of the grid struc ture across both cities. which creates a continuous framework upon which change can be implemented .

Secondly is the priorit y which Barcelona gives to pedestrians over all other forms of transpor tation.

This precinc t plan will discuss at relevant times the specific aspec ts of Barcelona’s urban form as precedence for the strategies and ac tions outlined to guide Carlton’s growth.

Figure 37: Aspirational oc tagonal grid of Barcelona’s urban form.

64

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

7.3 FRAMEWORK

Connecting Carlton

BUILT FORM & LAND USE

CARLTON IN 2050

ACCESS AND MOVEMENT

TIMELINE AND SCHEDULE

PUBLIC REALM Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

65

SECTION 8

BUILT FORM AND LAND USE

Connecting Carlton

8.1 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

Connecting Carlton

68

1.

Provide a mix of building t ypologies that cater to a mix of uses including residential, affordable housing, retail and commercial.

2.

I nclude planning provisions to ensure new development respec ts the charac ter and heritage constraints of the precinc t.

3.

Seek oppor tunities to increase densit y around proposed and existing transpor t corridors and key points of interest.

4.

Ensure built form enhances the streetscape and encourages pedestrian movement.

5.

Seek oppor tunities to increase the provision of open space, improve street level ventilation and interior daylighting.

6.

Develop Drummond Street as the main hub of the precinc t and destination for Carlton.

7.

Ensure communit y has access to social and health ser vices located at key destinations throughout the precinc t.

8.

I ncrease the provision of affordable housing through social inclusion projec ts.

9.

Utilise existing embodied energy within key buildings.

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

CANNING

ST

Connecting Carlton

LEE ST

PRINCES

ST

Legend

Built form height

Low scale built form (1-3 storeys)Low scale

ELGIN S T

SWANSTO N

ST

Legend

Medium scale built form (4-10 storeys) Medium Scale

SON ST NICHOL

NE ST RATHDOW

DRUMMO

LYGON ST

ND ST

High scale built form (11+ storeys)H igh Scale Tram line and stops Bus Interchange

Green Space

0

400m

Cycling lanes and cycle road crossing

Figure 39: Built Form Strategic Response

Grass Standard footpath High quality pedestrian space

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

69

8.2 BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Connecting Carlton

ACTIONS

A.1

Utilise alternative building t ypologies to traditional podium design such as ‘C ’, ‘O ’ and ‘S’ shaped forms.

A.1.1

Provide set backs of 10m from edge for buildings of 3 storeys or more.

A.1.2

Ensure towers are slender and placed towards south-west corner of site to minimse overshadowing of public spaces.

A.2

Seek oppor tunities for new developments to provide open space which can additionally be incorporated into the public streescape.

A.2.1

Ensure new developments provide 20-30% communal or private open space as per Melbourne Housing Typologies Study.

A.2.2

Ensure open spaces have a nor th orientation to allow greatest solar access

A.3

Ensure built form and height remains consistent with surrounding contex t and precedents within the area.

Building Typologies West

South

50

East

- 70

m

North

Figure 40: Green space incorporated into the built form and provision for 50-70m blocks to enahnce permeabilit y of streetscape bet ween buildings.

N

Figure 41: Ensure Solar Access from the nor th in public spaces.

Figure 42: Create intimate spaces which open into pedestrian oriented squares.

70

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Barcelona’s famous octagonal block formation is behind the human scale design of the city.

These blocks are able to create public spaces individually or as a part of the collective grid system.

As an individual, cuts through the blocks improve the permeabilty of the block, create opportunites to implement pubic space within the development and improve solar access to the street scape.

As part of the grid system, the octagonal blocks cut through the corners on 45 degree angles creating small public squares at each intersection.

Connecting Carlton

COMPARATIVE HEIGHT ANALYSIS The Carlton Precinc t is connec ted to the CBD by one of Melbourne’s busiest tram routes along Swanson St. Development along Swanston St has been driven by the proximit y to both RMIT Universit y and the Universit y of Melbourne and the accessibilit y of this tram line.

1 2 3 4

Figure _ outlines the changes in densit y across Swanston St relative to distance from the CBD. There is a steady trend downwards which the new developments in the Carlton Social Housing Estate will look to replicate.

Legend

Legend Built form height

Low scale built form (1-3 storeys)Low scale Medium Scale Medium scale built form (4-10 storeys)

High scale built form (11+ storeys)H igh Scale

5 6

Tram line and stops

Source: Nearmap, (2016).

CB D rd s aw ay fr om Tr en di ng Do w na

Height (metres)

Tram Line

Bus Interchange Cycling lanes and cycle road crossing Grass

50 40 30 20 10

Standard footpath High quality pedestrian space 1.

Proposed building forms for the Carlton Social Housing Estate

2.

Social Housing Building, Lygon St

3.

College Square, Swanston St

High visibility pedestrian crossing

4.

Carlton Connect Road Initiative, Swanston St

Shared pedestrian, car and bus space Public square Laneway

5.

Uropa Apartments, Swanston St

6.

Scape Student Accommodation, Swanston St *under consideration*

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

71

8.3 ENHANCING STREETSCAPES

Connecting Carlton

ACTIONS

A.4

Ensure permeable street net work of new developments of ever y 50 to 70 metres.

A.5

Encourage development of different distric ts through design, func tion and scale of built form.

Ensure that built form provides wind and weather protec tion at street level around key public spaces.

A.7

Ensure buildings have permeable inter faces at street level.

Permeable inter faces will increase the street life throughout the precinc t, par ticularly along Drummond St where there are currently no inter faces at street level. Safet y is a major issue which has been identified on site. I mproving the street scape through permeable inter faces will lead to improved safet y through increased oppor tunities for passive sur veilance on site.

PRINCES

ST

NICHOL SON ST

LYGON ST

Figure 43: Example of a permeable streetscape including a weather protec tion for pedestrians.

RATHDOW

NE ST

A.6

Permeable inter faces

ELGIN S T

0

400m

Legend Proposed protec ted pedestrian streetscape

Figure 44: Proposed protec ted pedestrian streetscape and permeable inter faces.

72

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

8.4 HOUSING

CANNING ST

Connecting Carlton

ACTIONS

A.9

I ncrease the provision of social housing along Drummond St.

A.9.1

Break down existing social barriers through social inclusion housing projec ts which offer a mix of private and public housing.

A.9.2

A.10

Ensure new housing developments are in locations well connec ted to transpor t and ac tivit y areas.

I ncrease capacit y and qualit y of student housing through improved building design.

As identified in secion 3.1, the student demographic is now the most highly represented in the area, and also the most vulnerable to changes in financial circumstances. The median week ly wage is $366 whilst the median rent in Carlton is $341. Despite the inclusion of welfare payments, the week ly financial budget is ver y tight. Ensuring that there is affordable and adequate supply of student housing is a crucial aspec t of the precinc ts plan for the future.

ON ST

Student Accommodation

NICHOLS

Ensure that any development reflec ts the charac ter of the local contex t and does not diminish the surrounding amenit y.

ELGIN ST

E ST

A.8.3

However as identified by through a study per formed

by Flinders Universit y, there needs to be greater emphasis of social inclusion projec ts that include mixed private and social housing.

ST

RATHDOW N

Reduce oppor tunities for new multi storey apar tment developments in residential areas not located along major transpor t corridors or bordering ac tivit y distric ts.

ND ST

A.8.2

PRINCES

DRUMMO

Retain low ratio of built form height to street width for residential streets.

LEE ST

The residents of the existing Carlton Social Housing estate represent a key demographic within the precinc t. I mproving the capacit y of the precinc t to meet the increasing demands of social housing in Melbourne will be an impor tant aspec t of the precinc t plan into the future.

LYGON ST

A.8.1

Social Housing Provision

ST

Maintain qualit y and charac ter of residential streets.

SWANSTO N

A.8

0

400m

Legend Proposed mixed private and social housing Proposed & existing locations of student housing Connec tion routes to key ser vices and locations

Figure 45: (R ight) Outline of housing proposals potential which will also connec t residents with key destinations throughout the precinc t.

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

73

8.5 LAND USE AND ACTIVITY

Connecting Carlton

ACTIONS

A.11

Recognise Lygon St as a key commercial and retail zone within the precinc t.

A.12.1 Encourage the ex tension of the Lygon St commercial zone to meet at Palmerston St. and connec t to Drummond St. A.12

Utilise fine grain buildings adjacent to the precinc t along Palmerston and R athdowne St to concentrate a diverse but complimentar y range of retail stores

A.13

Change the existing overlay across the Carlton Social Housing Estate to mixed use.

A.14

Maintain charac ter of neighbourhoods within the precinc t

A.14.1 Retain Neighbourhood Residential overlay around Cur tain Square and Environs nor th of Princes St. A.14.2 Retain General Residential Zones where possible.

74

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

A.15

A.16

Seek oppor tunities to develop a communit y centre, hub or facilit y to meet Cit y of Melbourne 400m walk ing catchment requirements throughout precinc t.

I nvestigate potential colocation of Carlton Primar y School and communit y hub on existing primar y school site.

Proposed Land Use Zones Lygon St is a prominent enter tainment and cultural distric t in proximit y within the Carlon Precinc t. As shown in figure _ there is a commercial zone along Lygon St, connnec ting to Elgin St. Both Elgin St and Lygon St are significant transpor t corridors within the precinc t for cars, c yclists, buses and par ticularly pedestrians. The connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture plan will seek to utilise this existing patronage around the area to connec t to the proposed Drummond St Hub via a commercial link age bet ween the t wo distric ts.

Drummond St is recognised as a key corridor to connec t this existing user group to the proposed developments surrounding Carlton Station. This precinc t plan recognises the impor tance of this connec tion and aims to facilitate it through a continued commercial corridor.

The immediate contex t for the proposed Carlton Station is proposed as mixed use as it recognised as the future hub of ac tivit y within the precinc t, anchored by surrounding public transpor t stops, proposed communit y centre, park , mixed use retail, residential and health care ser vices.

CANNING

ST

Connecting Carlton

The neighbouring areas of the precinc t are also recognised for their inherent aesthetic value, heritage overlay and existing local communit y atmosphere. These residential zones will remain largely intac t in order to preser ve this charac ter.

LEE ST

PRINCES

ST

Figure 46: Current land use zoning within the Carlton Precinc t and environs.

ON ST NICHOLS

RATHDOW

DRUMMO

LYGON ST

General Residential Zones Neighbourhood Residential Zone Commercial Zones Commercial Zone 2 M ixed use Zones Public Park and Recreation Zones Public Use Zones Road Zone Capital Cit y Zone

ND ST

Legend

NE ST

SWANSTO N

ST

ELGIN S T

Figure 47: Proposed land use zoning within the Carlton Precinc t and environs.

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

75

ST

Connecting Carlton

Provision of community services

CANNING

Provision of Communit y Centres The provision of communit y centres within 400m catchments has been identified as a key issue with the site.

Two new communit y centre’s will be proposed within the precinc t, the first to be located at the Elgin St Social Housing site. The second is to be co -located with a proposed ver tical school at the site of the existing Carlton Primar y School.

Barcelona’s famous octagonal grid formation also provides a framework for the allocation of public and social services including schools, public buildings, health care and churches at regular intervals.

LEE ST

PRINCES

ST

These locations help to close the gaps in catchment oppor tunities within the site.

76

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

SON ST NICHOL

E ST RATHDOW N

DRUMMO

ND ST

Source: Calvet, L. (1977).

LYGON ST

These proposed communit y centres will help to deliver on the precinc t ’s aim to develop an inclusive communit y and suppor t net work for refugees or those of poor socio - economic backgrounds.

ELGIN S T

SWANSTO N ST

These proposed communit y centres will func tion in accordance with guidelines presented in the ‘Oppor tunities for Carlton’ repor t prepared by the Cit y of Melbourne. This could include suppor t and education programs for residents of the housing estate such as English, computer sk ills, financial training and administration sk ills.

Legend Proposed and Existing Communit y Hubs 400m walk able catchment

8.6 URBAN RESTORATION

Connecting Carlton

ACTIONS

A.17

Seek oppor tunities to utilise the existing infrastruc ture available on site to create new spaces.

A.17.1 I nvestigate the potential to utilise the form of the existing social housing towers at the Carlton Housing Estate and Elgin St Social housing sites.

A.17.2 I mplement mixed use, permeable street level facades to ac tivate spaces around buildings and create a destination for people other than residents.

A.17.3 I ncorporate recent developments on site into future plan for estate developments.

Figure 48: Before streetscape and built form restoration at Elgin St site.

Figure 49: Ar tistic impression of site af ter restoration and integration with recent developments on site.

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

77

SECTION 9

ACCESS AND MOVEMENT

Connecting Carlton

Rathdowne St Cable Car prior 1940.

Image Source: Carlton Community History Group, (2012)

9.1 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

Connecting Carlton

80

1.

Prioritise safe pedestrian access in key areas of the precinc t and along connec tions bet ween areas of interest.

2.

Encourage c ycling to, from and within the precinc t.

3.

Encourage high volume vehicular routes to be located around the boundar y of high pedestrian areas whilst ensuring vehicular access is maintained to all proper ties.

4.

Open Drummond St as a shared roadway and secondar y vehicular route bet ween Palmerston St through to Alexandra Pde including access for private vehicles, buses, ser vice vehicles and emergenc y vehicles.

5.

Prioritise efficient and synchronised multi-modal public and ac tive transpor t connec tions bet ween train, tram, bus, c ycling and pedestrian modes.

6.

Facilitate safe pedestrian links around road ways.

7.

I ntegrate key oppor tunities to improve access and movement with existing infrastruc ture

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Connecting Carlton

Legend Primary Vehicle Route Secondary Vehicle Route Intersection Intervention Bus Route Bus Interchange Cycling Route Tram Route Key Pedestrian Link Shared Roadway

0

400m

Figure 50: Access and Movement Strategic Response

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

81

9.2 PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION

Connecting Carlton

B.4

Create new nor th - south pedestrian links to connec t key pedestrian oriented spaces.

B.1.2

Allocate 50% of street space to pedestrians along Drummond St and Canning St.

B.4.1

B.2

Seek oppor tunities to provide narrower pedestrian crossings along busy roads.

I ntroduce a linear park along Canning St which provides safe and prioritised pedestrian movement bet ween key parks, communit y facilities, transpor t nodes and enter tainment distric ts.

B.2.1

Enhance pedestrian sightlines and visibilit y along streets by providing traffic islands along Drummond St, Palmerston St and R athdowne St to allow pedestrians to step beyond the ex tremities of parked cars and trees.

B.4.2

I ntroduce priorit y pedestrian corridor along Drummond St.

B.5

I ncrease amenit y of streetscapes including trees and urban furniture to provide a barrier bet ween vehicle and footpaths.

B.3.1

Create level gradient bet ween footpath and shared roadway along Drummond St bet ween Palmerston St and Princes St to encourage pedestrian priorit y movement.

Neill St and Colgan St public squares will connec t the east and west sides of Drummond St via a pedestrian priorit y crossing zone.

Legend Key Pedestrian Links and widened footpaths Standard Footpath Footpath with improved safety Pedestrian oriented shared space

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

0

ST

ELGIN S T

400m

Green space (Pedestrian dominant spaces) Improved pedestrian crossing points

82

LYGON S T

B.3

PRINCES

ON ST

Facilitate safe pedestrian links around roads

NICHOL S

B.1.1

CANNIN

I ncrease permeabilit y of key pedestrian spaces including Drummond St by separating large blocks and barriers to movement.

RATHDO WNE ST

B.3.2

ND ST

Encourage walk ing as the primar y mode of transpor t to and from precinc t (especially Drummond St) for local residents.

DRUMM O

B.1

G ST

ACTIONS

Figure 51: Pedestrian movement across precinc t

Connecting Carlton

I ndicative Crossing Treatment Across the precinc t locations for improved pedestrian crossing points have been identified.

I mprovements to these locations will facilitate safer and more efficient pedestrian movement and increase the allocation of the streetscape to pedestrians.

The footpaths at these intersec tions ex tend beyond the threshold of parked cars and trees to provide greater visibilit y for pedestrians and motorists.

Built form

Footpath 5m

Road

Footpath 5m

Built form

The ex tension of these footpaths also reduces the distance required to walk across roads, thus mak ing them more accessible to the elderly or people with a disabilit y whom may have other wise not been able to cross the road easily before.

These ex tensions also integrate well with the c ycling net work across the precinc t, creating a physical refuge for c yclists along the length of the street.

Figure 52: Proposed improvement to a t ypical street across the precinc t. Pedestrian crossing and footpaths shown in plan view and sec tion.

Related ac tions B.2 and B.2.1.

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

83

Connecting Carlton

I mproved Pedestrian Safet y Pedestrian ac tivit y along crucial ar terial roads is hindered due to the lack of ac tual and perceived safet y along footpaths. Key inter vention areas in the precinc t include Alexandra Pda, Princes St, Lygon St and N icholson St. Figure _ demonstrates possible inter ventions including increased tree planting, traffic bollards, permanent planter boxes, deeper footpaths and set back buildings.

Figure 53: Footpath with improved safet y bet ween main ar terial roads and pedestrian space. Related ac tions: B.1.1 and B.5.

84

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Connecting Carlton

I ncreased Allocation of Pedestrian Space Targetted increases to the allocation of pedestrian space along Drummond St and Canning St along major streets have been identified to encourage greater pedestrian mobilit y and facilitate connec tions bet ween existing pedestrian dominant spaces.

Examples of such inter ventions already exist throughout the precinc t such as Lee St shown below. This inter vention connec ts the neighbouring residential areas with Carlton Nor th Primar y School, R athdowne Village, Cur tain Square, local bus ser vices and Carlton Communit y Librar y.

Allocation of Pedestrian Space Barcelona’s success as a pedestrian oriented city comes from its prioritisation of pedestrian movement above all other forms of transport.

Pedestrian Cycling Public Transport Cars

The planning scheme in Barcelona allocates an average of at least 50% of the street scape as walking space, while the other 50% is shared among all other forms of traffic.

These pedestrian spaces become popular among tourists and locals as a city centre.

Figure 54: Example of pedestrian prioritised space along a previusly car oriented street. Photo of Lee St in Carlton. Related ac tions: B.1.1, B.1.2, B.4 and B.5.

Source: Calvet, L. (1977).

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

85

9.3 CYCLING

Connecting Carlton

B.6.1

Provide separated c ycling lanes along Canning St and Drummond St.

B.12

B.7

Ensure connec ting c ycling routes outside of the precinc t provide continuous access to key areas of interest within the precinc t

Provide way finding signage, install signal priorit y at major intersec tions and bic ycle maintenance stations to suppor t c yclists.

B.13

Provide a connec tion to the Cit y Trail bic ycle route to facilitate east - west movement across the CBD

B.9

Connec t Schools with separated c ycling lanes to encourage ac tive transpor t to school.

B.10

Ensure built form and public spaces include end of trip facilities

Legend Separated c ycling lane On road c ycling lane

ELGIN S T

Potential Bic ycle R ack Key green public spaces

0

400m

Figure 55: Cycling movement across the precinc t

86

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

SON ST

Redesign existing traffic bollards and islands along Canning St nor th of Princes St to ensure a smooth and unobstruc ted c ycling route whilst continuing to prevent vehicular through traffic.

ST

NICHOL

B.8.1

LYGON S T

Encourage Canning St to be the preffered nor th-south c ycling corridor through the precinc t.

PRINCES

SWANSTO N

B.8

G ST

Work with VicRoads to update and align the vision for c ycling and vehicular movement throughout the precinc t.

CANNIN

B.11

RATHDO WNE ST

Prioritise safe c ycling movement along key routes of the precinc t and along connec tions bet ween areas of interest.

ST

B.6

DRUMM OND ST

ACTIONS

Connecting Carlton

Proposed Separated Cycling Lanes Canning St, Drummond St, Palmerston St and Gratten St are recognised as key missing separated c ycling links throughout the Carlton Precinc t.

Canning St will form the spine of the precinc t ’s c yclist movement, harnessing the already existing c ycling patronage along the street from the inner nor th to the CBD. Connec tions to Drummond St will be facilitated along residential streets such as Neill St, Palmerston St and Bark ly St. A separated c ycling lane will be introduced along Palmerston St due to the rerouting of bus routes 200 and 207 as discussed in the following sec tion 9.5.

Grattan St has been identified an a major east to west c ycling corridor throughout the precinc t due to the proposed development of Park ville Station in accordance with the Melbourne Metro Tunnel Projec t.

This c ycling route will connec t Park ville Station, the Park ville National Employment Cluster and southern side of the Universit y of Melbourne to the Drummond St ac tivit y hub including the proposed Carlton Station, retail, public parks, school communit y centre and residential developments.

Figure 56: Example of separated bic ycle lane along Swanston St. Source: Bike paths and rail trails (2008) Related ac tions: B.6.1

Figure 57: I ndicative example of separated bic ycle lane within the precinc t. With car park ing and tree planting separating c yclists from busy streets.

Related ac tions: B.6.1

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

87

Connecting Carlton

Encourage Cycling for All Ages Cycling is growing in popularit y across Melbourne.

The Carlton Precinc t will look to enhance its existing position as a key c ycling route from the inner nor th to the CBD. The added priorit y pedestrian and c ycling routes along Drummond St, Canning st and Grattan stconnec t key areas of the precinc t including primar y schools, libraries, retail centres, the CBD and the many public parks throughout the precinc t.

Figure 58: Programs such as Share Our Streets aim to establish a culture of sharing bet ween pedestrians, c yclists and vehicles on Melbourne’s streets.

Relted Ac tions: B.8 and B.9 Source: Cit y of Melbourne Bic ycle Plan (2016).

88

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Make c ycling more convenient Providing bic ycle facilities including maintenance stations and end of trip facilities will help to improve the accessibilit y of c ycling. End of trip facilities include bic ycle storage / racks, change rooms and showers. Drummond St and Canning St are ideal locations for bic ycle maintenance facilities due to their connec tedness as a main thoroughfare for c yclists to and from the CBD. Figure 59: An example of bike maintenance facilities being delivered throughout the cit y of Melbourne.

Source: Cit y of Melbourne Bic ycle Plan (2016).

Related ac tions: B.6 and B.8

improve Signage for c yclists VicRoads has developed direc tional on road signage which is being implemented state wide. The Carlton precinc t, in par tnership with VicRoads and the Cit y of Melbourne will implement these standardised signs along key routes such as Drummond St, Canning St and Grattan St.

Figure 60: Example of VicRoads standardised signage. Source: Cit y of Melbourne Bic ycle Plan (2016). Related ac tions: B.12

Connecting Carlton

RATHDOWNE ST

Prioritise Safe Cycling Connec tions Safe Street intersections.

Legend Separated c ycling lane On road c ycling lane Footpath

PALMERSTON ST

Road

Part of Barcelona’s success as a transport integrated city is through its management of intersections between different modes of transport. At these intersection Barcelona’s urban form again prioritises pedestrian space and cyclist space over that of public transport and vehicles.

The design of these intersections facilitates safe movement across shared spaces.

Built Form Tram Line

Figure 61: Potential arrangement of intersec tion at the corner of R athdowne St and Palmerston St. Cyclists and pedestrians are provided ex tra road space, urban furniture and trees to improve safet y and ease of crossing. Related Ac tions: B.6 and B.11

Figure 62: Example of Barcelona’s street intersec tions. Source: Calvet, L (1977) .

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

89

9.4 TRAM

Connecting Carlton

B.14.1

Locate tram stops within easy access to station access points.

B.14.2

I mplement traffic calming design around tram stops to enable safe passage for pedestrians on and off trams.

Legend

B.15

Facilitate improved connec tions bet ween transpor t options at a regional scale

Proposed Station Entrances

B.15.1

I mprove tram ser vices, capacit y, frequenc y and catchment oppor tunties around precinc t to accomodate expec ted increases in local and transit population within precinc t.

96 A

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

B r u n s w ic

11

Figure 63: Tram routes across the precinc t including route 1, 8, 11, 96 and the pro posed route A.

St

96

400m

a Pd e

k St

n St ne St Rathdow

Johnston

A

d St

0

Drummon

Reduce congestion along the Swanston St tram corridor to improve the timetabling, capacit y and catchment of the tram system throughout the CBD to the nor thern suburbs.

Lygo n S t

B.15.4

E lg in S t

8

Facilitate connec tion with Moonee Ponds interchange and intersec ting transpor t links.

N ic h o ls o

St Swanston

I nclude provision to add an ex tension to the existing tram net work along R athdowne St.

B.15.3

90

A le x a n d r

1

B.15.2

Tram Routes

11

integrate tram net work with Carlton Station.

1

B.14

8

ACTIONS

Connecting Carlton

NICHOLSON ST

EAST COBURG 1

MORELAND 2

This turning point has been determined due to:

As shown in figure _ this proposed tram route ‘A’ will connec t from existing tram infrastruc ture at the corner of Batman Avenue and Flinders Street and will run along Exhibition st through the CBD. This will:

•

•

This tram route will then continue along Lygon St and turn lef t at Brunswick Rd. This proposed tram route will continue for 4k ms (11 minutes) and connec t to Moonee Ponds interchange via the existing Mt Alexander Road tram line.

R

NEWRY ST

RD

SWANSTON ST

RATHDOWNE ST

ELGIN ST

LA TROBE ST

COLLINS ST

EXHIBITION ST

BOURKE ST

RUSSEL ST

LONSDALE ST

SWANSTON ST

Figure 64: (R ight) Provision for an expansion of tram net work catalysed by the growth of the Carlton Precinc t and environs as a major transpor t interchange by 2036. Related Ac tions: B.15

DE

The implementation of tram route ‘A’ will strengthen Carlton’s position as a transpor t interchange.

Additionally, this tram route will create a fully integrated tram net work for the inner nor thern suburbs connec ting tram routes 1, 8, 57, 59 and 82.

BRUNSWICK RD

AN

The tram will then turn lef t at Newr y St to connec t to the existing infrastruc ture on Lygon St

•

Connec t tram line to popular R athdowne Village.

The limited catchment oppor tunities beyond the proposed Carlton Station due to the low densit y residential nature of R athdowne St, The proximit y to the existing catchments of N icholson St and Lygon St tram lines, and The protec tion of the iconic tree lined streetscapes of R athdowne St beyond Newr y St.

EX

The tram will travel along R athdowne St as it heads nor th and pass the Carlton Station interchange.

• •

AL

•

T

•

Reduce congestion along the busy Swanston St tram corridor by offering a new route for trams towards Carlton and the nor thern suburbs, Create new catchment oppor tunities along the currently unser viced eastern side of the Hoddle Grid along Russell St and Exhibition St, and Anticipate the additional patronage on key nor th and south tram routes due to the development of both the Park ville and Carlton Stations.

M

Catalysed by the growth of the Carlton precinc t as a major transpor t interchange around Carlton Station, this precinc t plan will include the provision to expand the current tram net work to include Exhibition St and R athdowne St.

MOONEE PONDS INTERCHANGE A

LYGON ST

Future Provision for Tram Ex tension

MORELAND RD

FLINDERS ST

MAP NOT TO SCALE

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

91

Connecting Carlton

Ar tistic impression of proposed R athdowne St Tram adjacent to the new housing estate developments.

Base I mage: Google Maps (2016). Tram source: Premier Design Awards (2013).

92

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

9.5 BUS

Connecting Carlton

ACTIONS

B.16.4

Redirec t bus route 546 from Cemeter y Road along Swanston St, Elgin St, Drummond St, Drummond St bus interchange and to Princes St.

As the place of residence information for Carlton workers suggests (sec tion 3.1), most of the workers in Carlton reside in locations outside of the Cit y of Melbourne. Consequently facilitating efficient public transpor t connec tions bet ween Metropolitan Melbourne, Carlton Station and transpor t interchange will be critical to reducing reliance on private vehicles for transpor t, providing access to the cit y for those without access to a car or a connec ting train station and prioritising streetscapes and built form for pedestrians.

Buses throughout the precinc t will be re -routed to the Carlton interchange, with some passing through Drummond St.

250 251 El gi n St

A le xa nd ra

Pd e

ne St

546

R at hd ow

250 251 546

Redirec t bus routes 250 and 251 from R athdowne St to the bus interchange and reconnec t bus route back to R athdowne St at Lee St.

546

2 0 0 2 07 d St

B.16.3

Route 200: Cit y (Queen St) - Bulleen Route 207: Cit y - Doncaster SC via Kew Junc tion Route 250: La Trobe Universit y - Cit y Route 251: Nor thland SC - Cit y (Queen St) Route 546: Heidelberg - The Universit y of Melbourne - Queen Vic toria Market via Clif ton H ill and Carlton

Jo hn st on

St

250 251

Redirec t bus routes 200 and 207 to connec t to the bus interchange.

• • • • •

D ru m m on

B.16.2

There are currently 5 bus routes travelling through the precinc t.

2 0 0 2 07

Connec t all bus routes throughout the precinc t at a central interchange located within easy access to Carlton Station and tram stops.

Ly go n St

B.16.1

Future Bus Connec tions

St

I ntegrate bus net work with Carlton Station.

Sw an st on

B.16

Legend

0

400m

Proposed Bus I nterchange Proposed Bus Routes Proposed Station Entrances

Figure 65: Proposed changes to the existing bus routes across the Carlton Precinc t to incorporate the Carlton Station I nterchange. Related Ac tions: B.16.

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

93

9.6 VEHICULAR

Connecting Carlton

Create level gradient of footpath and shared roadway along Drummond St bet ween Palmerston St and Princes St to encourage pedestrian priorit y movement.

B.18

B.18.1

B.18.2

94

Provide various but limited car park ing options around the Carlton Social Housing estate.

Provide limited on street park ing along Drummond St for people with a disabilit y, elderly.

Provide a central private car park below grade on the Lygon St side of the estate to ser vice the local residents of the area.

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

CANNIN

Legend

ELGIN S T

Main Vehicular Routes Secondar y Vehicular Routes Consolidated Below Grade Park ing

0

400m

Figure 66: (R ight) Precinc t vehicular movement

SON ST

B.17.3

NICHOL

Prevent right and lef t hand turns at the corner of Drummond St / Princes St entering/ leaving Princes St during peak travel times.

ST

E ST

B.17.2

PRINCES

RATHDO WN

Reduce speed limit along Drummond St to 30k m/h at all times. This can also be enhanced through design of streetscape

OND ST

B.17.1

DRUMM

I ntroduce traffic calming measures to decrease volume and speed of vehicles around high pedestrian volume areas.

LYGON S T

B.17

G ST

ACTIONS

9.7 INTEGRATION OF TRANSPORT MODES

Connecting Carlton

PRINCES

CANNIN

G ST

PROPOSED CHANGES TO KEY TRANSPORT CORRIDORS.

ST

3.

Legend

4.

ON ST

E ST RATHDO WN

OND ST

2.

DRUMM

LYGON S T

ELGIN S T

NICHOL S

1.

Pedestrian Path Cycling Lane Road Green space / median strip Built Form Shared Pedestrian zone Shared Car zone Park ing Tram

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

95

7.0

1.6

2.3

7.0

2.3 1.6

Shared car and Pedestrians tram Cars Shared car and Cyclists median Green Medians Shared car and Shared car and pedestrian cyclist

Connecting Carlton

DRUMMOND ST Drummond St will be opened up as a shared street through the precinc t to pedestrians, buses, cars and ser vice vehicles bet ween Palmerston St and Princes St. This proposal will instigate a dramatic shif t in the charac ter of the precinc t away from the isolation currently experienced along the street.

Current

• • •

An increased canopy cover, Paving rather than bitumen across the street and footpath spaces, Encouraging future built form to develop to the edge of the footpaths Urban furniture and greening to be placed along the street.

Retail frontages at street level

14

Shared pedestrian and cyclist

3.2

Shared pedestrian and median

Through an exploration of design options this street will not cater for high volume through traffic. Design details to reduce the volume of cars and prioritise pedestrian movement include: • •

7.0 Shared pedestrian and median

3.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

Shared car and tram Shared car and median Shared car and pedestrian 3.0

Proposed

20%

26%

4.6

54%

Pedestrians 7

Cars Road Space Propor tions

Cyclists

Green Medians

Shared car and cyclist

Shared pedestrian and

Shared pedestrian and median

Shared car and tram

Shared car and median

Shared car and pedestr

23%

47%

I nspiration for such a street has been drawn from Auck land Cit y Centre.

17% 11% 7.0

96

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

1.6

2.3

7.0

2.3 1.6

7.0

Pedestrians

Cars tions Road Space Propor

Cyclists

Green Medians

Shared car and cyclist

Shared pedestrian and

Shared pedestrian and median

Shared car and tram

Shared pedestrian and median

GRATTAN ST

4.0

2.3 1.6 3.0

3.0

2.2

Grattan Street will see changes to to prioritisation of cars along the road space from 60% to 40%. This change predominantly occurs in the slight reduc tion of car park ing along the street in order to accommodate the development of a priorit y on road c ycling lane. The car park ing will be shif ted in bet ween the bases of the developed trees.

The existing wide footpaths along the street will remain the same in order to facilitate pedestrian movement along the nor thern side of the street and respec t the heritage buildings on the southern side.

3.0

3.0

1.6 2.3

Current

Shared car and tram Shared car and median Shared car and 4.0 Pedestrians pedestrian Cars Cyclists Green Medians Shared car and cyclist

Connecting Carlton

8 12 3.2 2.2 13% 27%

Shared pedestrian and cyclist 60%

Shared pedestrian and median

4.0

2.0 2.3

3.7

3.0

3.0

3.7

Proposed

2.3

Shared car and tram 2.0 4.0 Shared car and median

The well developed trees along the street will be respec ted in order to maintain the charac ter of the street and respec t the World Heritage Environs Area adjacent to Carlton Gardens.

Pedestrians Cyclists

Cars tions Road Space Propor Green Medians

4.6

Shared car and cyclist

Shared pedestrian and

Shared pedestrian and median

Shared car and tram

Shared car and median

Shared car and pedest

15%

27%

8% 10%

A median strip will be introduced incrementally along the road to facilitate the plantation of more trees to increase canopy cover.

40%

4.0

2.3 1.6 3.0

3.0

2.2

3.0

3.0

1.6 2.3

4.0

Pedestrians

Cars tions Road Space Propor

Cyclists

Green Medians

Shared car and cyclist

Shared pedestrian and

Shared pedestrian and median

Shared car and tram

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

97

Shared pedestrian and cyclist Connecting Carlton

4.0

1.6 3.1

3.0

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.1

Shared car and Pedestrians tram Cars car and Shared Cyclists median Green Medians Shared car and cyclist

RATHDOWNE ST The largest development along R athdowne St will be the reintroduc tion of the tram route up the street which had been decommissioed since 1940. This tram space will be shared car and tram road space to still facilitate efficient vehicle movement. This could look to become a tram priorit y corridor in the long term as car patronage declines due to the introduc tion of key transpor t infrastruc ture such as the east west link over the nest 20 years.

The car priorit y space will shif t from 55% to 40% (including the tram carriage way).

Shared pedestrian and median 1.6 4.0

Current

8 6 3.2 10% 8%

Shared pedestrian and cyclist

55%

Shared pedestrian and median

4.0

2.3 1.6 3.0

3.0 2.2 3.0

3.0 1.6

Proposed

The park ing spaces will be transformed into a par tial median strip to facilitate increased canopy cover through tree planting.

Shared car and tram 2.3 4.0 Shared car and median

27%

6.4 Pedestrians Cyclists

Cars tions Road Space Propor Green Medians

6.2

Shared car and cyclist

Shared pedestrian and

Shared pedestrian and median

Shared car and tram

23%

Shared car and median

27%

The c ycling lane will be relocated behind this adittional median strip to protec t c yclists from this busy transpor t corridor.

20% 20%

4.0

98

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

1.6 3.1

3.0

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.1

1.6

4.0

Pedestrians

10% Cars tions Road Space Propor

Cyclists

Green Medians

Shared car and cyclist

Shared pedestrian and

Shared pedestrian and median

Shared car and tram

Shared pedestrian and median Shared car and Pedestrians tram Cars car and Shared Cyclists median Green Medians Shared car and Shared car and pedestrian cyclist

CANNING ST Canning St will continue to be a key nor th to south c ycling corridor in Melbourne.

Car priorit y will shrink from 38% to 28% whilst maintaining the integrit y of the existing car lanes with the loss of one lane of car park ing. The proximit y to both R athdowne St and N icholson St tram lines was a major driver for the reduc tion of car park ing along this street which includes restric ted park ing spots. The surrounding residential streets including Bark ly St and eastern side of Faraday St contain a substantial level of permit park ing for residents which can be increased to facilitate this reducation along Canning St.

Current

3.0

3.0

2.7

2.7

2.3

2.3

3.0

3.0

8.0

8.0

3.0

3.0

2.3

2.3

5.3 6.1

Shared pedestrian and cyclist

3.2

Shared 2.7 3.0pedestrian and median

11

Shared car and tram Shared car and median Shared car and pedestrian 2.7

3.0

Proposed

Connecting Carlton

15% 20%

27%

2.3 Pedestrians

Cars Road Space Propor tions

Cyclists

Green Medians

Shared car and cyclist

The pedestrian space along the street will see the largest increase to a combined 54%.

Canning St will form a crucial corridor for pedestrians and c yclists throug hthe site and connec t direc tly from Carlton Gardens to Drummond St and R athdowne Village by a net work of continuous green links.

38%

7%

Shared pedestrian and

Shared pedestrian and median

Shared car and tram

Shared car and median

Shared car and pedest

18%

28%

36%

This space will become a popular link which will replicate the success of Cit y Trail in Nor th Fitzroy.

11% 1.7

3.2

11.0

6.1

2.3

3.6

Pedestrians

Road Space

Cars tions Propor

Cyclists

Green Medians

Shared car and cyclist

Shared pedestrian and

Shared pedestrian and median

Shared car and tram

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

99

SECTION 10

PUBLIC REALM

Connecting Carlton

10.1 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

Connecting Carlton

102

1.

Define a clear hierarchy of public spaces providing a variet y of func tions across the precinc t.

2.

Encourage public space as the anchor for individual neighbourhoods.

3.

Create public spaces which are inclusive of diverse cultures, family struc tures, ages, incomes, gender and sexualit y.

4.

Ensure public spaces are accessible for people of all ages and physical capabilities.

5.

I ntroduce green links and linear parks as a key public amenit y.

6.

Ensure public spaces have adequate solar access.

7.

Protec t the integrit y of the Carlton Gardens World heritage Environs Area.

8.

I ntegrated proposals of built form, land use, access and movement into the streetscape of the precinc t.

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Connecting Carlton

Legend Streetscape greening Trees Landmark connection to CBD Entertainment District Community District Cultural District

0

400m

Figure 67:Public Realm Strategic Response

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

103

10.2 ACCESSIBLE AND SAFE SPACES

Connecting Carlton

ACTIONS

C.1

Provide access to public spaces for people of all abilities.

C.1.1

Provide ramps, adequate footpath widths and appropriate ground materials.

C.1.2

Provide urban furniture which is intergrateable with wheelchairs.

C.2

Provide adequate lighting along paths and in public square to ensure spaces remain safe at night.

C.3

Remove / open up dead end spaces to improve permeabilit y and safet y.

C.4

Ensure built form engages with public space

C.4.1

Built form encourages ac tive street scapes

C.4.2

Upper floors provide passive sur veillance of street level.

C.5

I nclude planning provisions to provide key street signage in multiple languages.

C.6

I nclude planning provisions to provide gender neutral bathrooms.

104

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

I mproving Public Access A key issues with the precinc t is the barrier bet ween the Carlton Social Housing Estate and the rest of Carlton.

Fac tors contributing to this separation include a lack of perceived safet y, poorly lit spaces, lack of natural sur veillance, lack of street life and opressing buildings.

Passive Surveillance Passive surveillance of the streetscape is facilitate through the 45 degree cuts into the octagonal blocks. The occupants of upper floors can view the entire street scape.

The Carlton Precinc t Struc ture plan recognises these issues and aims to facilitate a change in the precinc t through improvements to the accessibilit y of the area.

I nspiration for the proposals of the Drummond St hub include Barcelona’s grid form and Auck land Cit y Centre.

Figure 68: Example of pedestrian prioritised shared space along a cit y centre in Auck land.

Source: Boffa M iskell, (2012). Related ac tions: B.4.2 and C.1.

10.3 HIERARCHY OF PUBLIC SPACES

Connecting Carlton

C.7.4

H igh St Public Square will be the primar y spill out location for Carlton Station.

C.7.5

Canning St will be transformed into a linear park to be utilised as a nor th / south c ycling and pedestrian corridor, facilitate play and connec t green spaces throughout the precinc t.

Legend Hierarchy of Public Spaces

Carlton Gardens Neill St Reserve

Canning St Curtain Square Macarthur Square

Murchinson Square

Pocket Parks

ST

ELGIN ST

ON ST

Colgan St Plaza will be a distint pedestrian space which will connec t users to retail, commercial and residential ac tivities and provide a direc t link to transpor t nodes.

PRINCES

NICHOLS

C.7.3

LEE ST

E ST

Neill St Reser ve and public square will ser vice the adjacent ver tical school and communit y centre and host a calendar of cultural events throughout the year.

Key open space landmarks such as Edinburgh Gardens and Carlton Gardens will be connec ted to key transpor t nodes and ac tivit y corridors via green links. These spaces will continue to suppor t the local and transit population through the area.

RATHDOW N

C.7.2

C.7.7

ND ST

Drummond St will become the hub of the precinc t and main connec tor to public spaces and ac tivities.

Macar thur Square and Cur tain Square will provide residents with safe and local open spaces with a family friendly atmosphere.

DRUMMO

C.7.1

C.7.6

LYGON ST

Provide a variet y of urban and green public spaces which will var y in size, centralit y and design finish and reflec t the charac ter of their immediate contex t.

SWANSTO N ST

C.7

CANNING ST

ACTIONS

Figure 69: H ierarchy of public spaces within the Carlton Precinc t.

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

105

DRUMMO

10.4 CARLTON INTERCHANGE

Connecting Carlton

B-BB PRINCES

C - CC ST

ST

A-AA

SWANSTO N

PALMERS TON ST

106

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

NICHOLS

ELGIN ST

ON ST

Figure 70: Carlton I1nterchange

Connecting Carlton

A-AA CARLTON STATION SQUARE, NEILL ST RESERVE AND DRUMMOND STREET

Rathdowne St

Neill St Reserve Carlton Primary School Carlton Community Centre

Drummond St

Carlton Station Square

Retail / Residential 0

Lygon St 50m

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

107

Connecting Carlton

B-BB RETAIL AND COMMERCIAL DISTRICT Ar tistic I mpression of Carlton Square Render Source: No Mean Cit y, (2012).

Carlton Station Palmerston St Bus Interchange

108

Church of All Nations

Church of Palmerston St All Bus Interchange Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan Nations

Carlton Station Square Carlton Station

Co

Carlton Station Square

Co

Connecting Carlton

Colgan St Retail Plaza Colgan Colgan St St Retail Retail Plaza Plaza Colgan St Retail Plaza

Reeves St

Drummond St Pocket Park

Reeves Reeves St St

Drummond Drummond St St Pocket Pocket ParkPark

Reeves St

Drummond St 0 0 Pocket Park 0

Princes St

0

Princes Princes St St

50m

Princes St 50m50m Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

50m

109

Connecting Carlton

C-CC RESIDENTIAL

Neill St Reserve

110

Neill St

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Colgan St Plaza

Reeves St

0

50m

Connecting Carlton

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

111

SECTION 11

IMPLEMENTATION

Connecting Carlton

11.1 TIMELINE AND SCHEDULE

Connecting Carlton

1.

The implementation ac tions shown in the following sec tion are linked to the strategic direc tions set out for Built Form and Land Use, Access and Movement and the Public Realm.

2.

Three broad timeframes have been outlined for the completion of the vision for Carlton in 2050: Shor t Term: 1-5 Years Medium Term: 5-15 years Long Term: 20 years+

3.

114

I mplementation of the following ac tions will involve ex tensive cooperation and organisation leadership from the following key par tners: Cit y of Melbourne

Vic torian Depar tment of Human Ser vices

Cit y of Yarra

Metro Trains and Yarra Trams

Cit y of Manningham

Heritage Council Vic toria

Public Transpor t Vic toria

Vicroads

Vic track

Moreland Cit y Council

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

VicHealth

11.2 BUILT FORM AND LAND USE

Connecting Carlton

TIMELINE AND SCHEDULE 1 2

3 4 5

6

7 8 9

Objectives Provide a mix of building typologies that cater to a mix of uses including residential, social housing, retail and commercial.

Include planning provisions to ensure new development respects the character and heritage of the precinct.

Related Actions A.1 A.7 A.1.2

Seek opportunities to increase density around proposed and existing transport corridors and key points of interest.

Ensure built form enhances the streetscape and encourages pedestrian movement.

Seek opportunities to increase the provision of open space, improve streel level ventilation and interior day lighting.

A.1.1

Type

Timeline

Research Design and Build

Long Term

Policy

Short Term

A.3 A.3

Research

Ongoing

A.2 A.2.1 A.2.1 A.2.2

A.2.2

Design and Build

Ongoing

A.4 A.6

Research

Short Term

Develop Drummond St as the main hub of the precinct and regional destination.

A.7 A.11 A.12

A.13 A.16

Policy

Ongoing

Ensure community members have access to social and health services located at key destinations throughout the precinct Increase the provision of affordable housing through social inclusion projects.

A.15

B.1 A.16

A.9

Utilise existing embodied energy within key buildings.

A.17 A.17.1

A.1.1 A.1.2 A.2

A.2.1 A.2.2

Design and Build

Design and Build Design and Build Policy

Medium Term

A.10

Research

Ongoing

A.17.2

Research Design and Build

Short Term

A.17.3

Design and Build Design and Build Advocate

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

115

11.3 ACCESS AND MOVEMENT

Connecting Carlton

TIMELINE AND SCHEDULE 1 2

3

4 5

6 7

116

Objectives Prioritise safe pedestrian access and key areas of the precinct and along connections between areas of interest.

Encourage cycling to, from and within the precinct.

Encourage high volume vehicular routes to be located around the boundary of high pedestrian areas whilst ensuring vehicular access is maintained to all properties Open Drummond St as a shared roadway and secondary vehicular route between Palmerston St through to Princes St. Prioritise efficient and synchronised multimodal public and active transport connections between train, tram, bus, cycling and pedestrian modes.

Facilitate safe pedestrian links around road ways Integrate key opportunities to improve access and movement with existing infrastructure

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Related Actions B.1 B.4 B.2 B.5 B.3 B.6 B.10 B.7 B.11 B.8 B.12 B.9 B.13 B.17

Type Design and Build

Timeline Short Term

Design and Build Advocate

Ongoing

Design and Build

Short Term

B.17 B.18

Design and Build

Short Term

B.14 B.15 B.16

Policy Research Design and Build Advocate Research Design and Build Design and Build

Short Term (Requires long term vision for integration with train timetable)

B.2 B.3 B.16.1

Short Term Short Term

11.4 PUBLIC REALM

Connecting Carlton

TIMELINE AND SCHEDULE

Objectives Define a clear hierarchy of public spaces providing a variety of functions across the precinct.

Encourage public space as the anchor for individual neighbourhoods.

Create public space which are inclusive of diverse cultures, family structures, ages, incomes, gender and sexuality.

Related Actions C.7

Type Design and Build

Timeline Medium Term

C.7.2 C.7.3 C.4.1 C.4.2 C.5

Design and Build

Short Term Medium Term

4

Ensure public spaces are accessible for people of all ages and physical capabilities.

5

Introduce green links and linear parks as a key public amenity.

C.1 C.2 C.5 C.7.5 C.7.7

Policy Design and Build Advocate Design and Build Design and Build

6

Ensure public spaces have adequate solar access.

Protect the integrity of the Royal Exhibition and Carlton Gardens World Heritage Environs Area.

1 2 3

7

C.6 C.7

Short Term

A.2.2

Design and Build

Short Term (to realise the benefits of plant growth in 20 years) Ongoing

A.3

Design and Build

Ongoing

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

117

11.5 SOCIAL HOUSING STAGING

Connecting Carlton

RIGHT TO RETURN

Phase 1

Demolition Construction Relocation

Phase 2

NW Kpl

NE NW

NW

Phase 3

Elg NE

SE

Elg Elg

NE

SW

SE

SE

SW SW

New Residents South West CHE

South East CHE

New Building Occupation & Review

Elgin Street North East CHE North West CHE

NW

Lygon Street

2016

2021

NE

KPL

2026

2031

2036

2041

2046

2051

SW

SE

Figure 71:Social Housing Staging. (Source: Todd Berr y) I mpor tant to the development of the Carlton Precinc t will be the initial relocation, demolition, construc tion and final relocation residents throughout the precinc t.

This precinc t struc ture plan proposed a staged system which utilises the developments currently under way to house the first phase of residents as the construc tion continues. This process of relocation will continue over the long term vision of the precinc t.

An impor tant aspec t of this relocation phase is the resident ’s “right to return”. This stipulates that the resident has the right to decide whether to stay where they were first relocated, or transition back to their original location af ter the construc tion of the relevant sec tion.

ELG

This is an impor tant aspec t of ensuring the communit y is ac tively engaged in the process and that social housing residents are afforded equal oppor tunit y to those who may be better off.

Adapted from Todd Berr y.

118

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Connecting Carlton

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Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

119

SECTION 12

SUMMARY

Connecting Carlton

12.1 MASTERPLAN SUMMARY

Connecting Carlton

Vision and Priorities The Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan has outlined a plan for the development of Carlton as a significant local and regional destination for Melbourne.

The precinc t plan seeks to harness this strategic impor tance to guide Carlton’s development as an inner cit y ac tivit y centre.

The former Carlton Housing Estate will become the centre of the inner nor th as a gateway to Melbourne’s nor thern and eastern suburbs.

The catalyst for the development of this Carlton Precinc t will be the proposed ex tension to the Melbourne Metro Tunnel Projec t which will connec t the from Doncaster to the CBD via the Carlton Precinc t. The Carlton I nterchange will provide frequent and timely connec tions for 3 tram routes and 5 bus routes in the area.

Ac tive transpor t will be prioritised throughout the precinc t with increased street space allocated to walk ing and c ycling modes.

122

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

The nex t steps Green links along Drummond St, Canning St, Grattan St and Elgin St will form the key net work of this precinc t and contribute to Melbourne’s targetted 50% canopy cover. These streets will also ser ve to enhance the heritage value of the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens World Heritage Environs Area as the precinc t strengthen its value in its rich heritage.

Student accommodation and social housing has been identified as a key issue in the Carlton. This precinc t plan seeks to increase the provision of student and social housing and ensure residents are connec ted with key social and communit y infrastruc ture.

The document has outlined the vision, strategic direc tions, objec tives and strategies to realise Carlton’s potential as a premier transpor t interchange and local and regional destination over the nex t 30 years.

The future development of Carlton will require cooperation and leadership from many local, state and federal government depar tments and private organisations to achieve this vision.

ST CANNING

DRUMMON

D ST

RATHDOW NE ST

Connecting Carlton

Legend Low scale built form (1-3 storeys)

PRINCES

Medium scale built form (4-10 storeys) ST

High scale built form (11+ storeys) Tram line and stops Bus Interchange Cycling lanes and cycle road crossing

ST

Grass Standard footpath

SWANSTON

PALMERST ON ST

High quality pedestrian space

NICHOLSO

N ST

ELGIN ST

High visibility pedestrian crossing Road Shared pedestrian, car and bus space Public square

LYGON ST

Laneway Trees

0

Figure 72: Proposal for the Carlton Precinc t and Environs.

400m

0 Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

400m 123

12.2 FIGURE INDEX

Connecting Carlton

Figure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

124

Outline of planning process Metropolitan Melbourne Contex t Eastern Suburbs Population Growth Precinc t Regional Contex t Aerial photo of existing site conditions Aerial Photo of Carlton Housing Estate Housing Estate Photo 1 Housing Estate Photo 2 Housing Estate Photo 3 Housing Estate Photo 4 Housing Estate Photo 5 Housing Estate Photo 6 Housing Estate Photo 7 Housing Estate Photo 8 Housing Estate Private Garden Gated access within housign estate Heritage overlay and heritage register St Jude’s Anglican Church Formr Carlton Creche Primar y School NO. 2605 Church of All Nations Royal Exhibition Building World Heritage Environs Area

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

Page

Figure

15 18 18 19 21 26 26 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 30 30

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

Page Land Use Zoning map Where Carlton Workers Reside Population Densit y in CarltonPredic ted Population Growth in Carlton Urban Form of Carlton Precinc t Laneways in Carlton MMBW 1897 detailed plan of Drummond St Masterplan proposal of Carlton Precinc t Doncaster R ail Proposal Doncaster R ail Contex t within PT V Proposed station location and entrances Ar tistic I mression of Carlton Station Detailed view of below grade station I mpression of Carlton Station Barcelona Aspirational Cit y Struc ture Built Form Strategic Response Building t ypologies 1 Building t ypologies 2 Building t ypologies 3 I ndicative example of permeable inter face Proposed protec ted steetscapes Proposed housing locations Current Land Use Zoning

31 35 3636 37 37 37 51 54 55 56 56 57 59 64 69 70 70 70 72 72 73 75 75

Connecting Carlton

Figure 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Proposed Land Use Zoning Before: Urban Restoration Af ter : Urban Restoration Access & Moveement Strategic Response Pedestrian Circulation I ndicative footpath treatment I mproved Pedestrian Safet y Example of pedestrian priorit y street Cycling movement Precedent separated Cycling lane I ndicative Separated Cycling Lane Share Our Streets Campaign Cycling maintenance facilities Cycling signage R athdowne St / Palmerston St intersec tion Example of barcelona street intersec tion Proposed tram routes across precinc t Provision for expansion of tram line Proposed changes to bus routes Proposed Vehicular Movement Public Realm Strategic Response Auck land Cit y Centre Shared Street H ierarchy of public spaces

Page

Figure

77 77 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 87 88 88 88 89 89 90 91 93 94 103 104 105 106

70 71 72

Page Carlton I nterchange sec tion lines Social Housing Staging Proposed Masterplan for Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

118 122 123

Connec ting Carlton Precinc t Struc ture Plan

125

12.3 REFERENCES

Connecting Carlton

American Societ y of Landscape Architec ts (2002). Chicago Cit y Hall Green Roof. Accessed on 6/10/16 from: https://w w w.asla.org/meetings/awards/awds02/chicagocit yhall.html Amusing Planet, (2013). The Peculiar Architec ture and Design of Eixample, Barcelona. Accessed on 23/10/16 from:

http://w w w.amusingplanet.com/2013/07/the -peculiar-architec ture -and- design- of.html Ar thurson, K ., Levin, I. and Ziersch, A. (2013). ‘ We Don’t have access to that ’: Social mix and the right to the cit y ’. Flinders Universit y.

Auck land Council (2016). Council Projec ts: Shared Spaces. Accessed on 24/10/16 from:

http://w w w.auck landcouncil.govt.nz/EN/PLANSPOLICIESPROJEC TS/COUNCILPROJEC TS/SHAREDSPACES/Pages/home.aspx Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2011). Populations and Household forecasts, 2011 to 2036. Accessed on 5/10/16 from:

http://w w w.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3236.0 Bike Paths and R ail Trails (2008). Copenhagen St yle bike lanes for Melbourne. Accessed on 25/10/16 from:

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Heritage Council Vic toria (2016c). Primar y School NO. 2605. Accessed on 6/10/16 from: http://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/242 Heritage Council Vic toria (2016d). Church of all nations and organ. Accessed on 6/10/16 from: http://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/2999 Laz y voyager (2016). 4 Things to do in Barcelona. Accessed on 23/10/16 from: http://laz y voyager.com/travel/4-things-to - do -in-barcelona/ LucasGabrielGraphics (2016). Lucas Gabriel folio 2016. Accessed on 25/10/16 from: http://w w w.lucasgabrielgraphics.com/ Melbourne Street, (2016). Carlton 2013. Accessed on 28/10/16 from: http://melbournestreet.net/2013/01/26/carlton-2013/ Museum Vic toria, (2016). Postcard of the Melbourne Exhibition Building. Accessed on 29/10/16 from: https://museumvic toria.com.au/about/media- centre/news/september-2013/happy_bir thday_flag/ Nearmap (2016). Carlton Demographic I nformation: Population. Accessed on 23/10/16 from: http://maps.au.nearmap.com/ No Mean Cit y (2012). A New Market Street. Accessed on 28/10/16 from:http://w w w.nomeancit y.net/a-new-market-street/ Premier Design Awards, (2013). Produc t Design. Accessed on 27/10/16 from: http://w w w.premiersdesignawards.com.au/entr y/bombardier- e - class-tram-for-melbourne/ Streetsblognyc (2007). Melbourne, Australia Af ter a decade of focus on public spaces. Accessed on 23/10/16 from: http://w w w.streetsblog.org/2007/08/02/melbourne -australia-a-model-for-new-york- cit y/ Visit Melbourne (2016). Royal Exhibition Building. Accessed on 20/10/16 from: http://w w w.visitmelbourne.com/regions/Melbourne/Things-to - do/H istor y-and-heritage/Heritage -buildings/Royal-Exhibition-Building Yarra Trams, (2016). Fac ts and Figures. Accessed on 20/10/16 from: http://w w w.yarratrams.com.au/about-us/who -we -are/fac ts-figures/

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