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The Gut-Brain Connection to Anxiety, Depression and Chronic Pain

By Dr. Greg Fors, DC Board-certified Neurologist Have you ever had a “gut-wrenching experience”? Told someone that you could no longer “stomach the situation”. Have you ever felt “butterflies in your stomach” when you’re anxious? We have intuitively recognized our gut-brain connection. For years now science has recognized the role that the brain plays in creating gastrointestinal disorders such as stress-induced gastric ulcers or chronic diarrhea. However, what is now coming clear is that the communication goes both ways, our G.I. tract talks to our brain! In Neurologist Dr. Perlmutter, MD best-selling book “Brain Maker” he explores the astonishing new research on the gut-brain connection and reveals how the health of your brain is dictated by the health of your gut. How can this be?

Vagus Nerve: The Gut-Brain Highway It turns out that our brain and central nervous system and the enteric or G.I. nervous system were created from the same tissue during fetal development. These two nervous systems are intimately connected via the vagus nerve or 10th cranial nerve that runs from our brainstem down into our gastrointestinal tract. Messages to control our digestive system are sent from our brain through the vagus nerve to our digestive organs. But what’s coming clear is that messages are now being sent back from our digestive tract through the vagus nerve to our brain.

Even more surprising is that the vagus nerve is the route our gut and gut bacteria use to transmit information to our brain. Yes, the health of your G.I. tract and the bacteria in your gut are talking to your brain, and they are sending good messages and bad messages. Some of the bacteria in your gut can release neurotransmitters just like your brain releases, such as serotonin, dopamine and GABA. Therefore, the gut bacteria can speak to your brain in its own language via this vagus nerve. Research has now shown that your gut bacteria can directly impact your mental health through these gut-released neurotransmitters leading to issues with anxiety and depression.

The Role of Good Bugs and Bad Bugs Pathogenic or bad bugs in your gut can cause the immune system in your G.I. tract to release, locally and throughout your body, inflammatory cytokine messengers that ramp up inflammation in your body and brain. Gut pathogens can even trigger a systemic stress response (just as if your boss was yelling at you or a tiger chasing you). Also, certain unfavorable bacteria can release substances in the gut that will make you more sensitive to pain.

This directly impacts those suffering with chronic pain and fibromyalgia.

Having the right type of commensal bacteria in high enough numbers, such as various species of Bifidobacterium and a Lactobacillus, can keep these bad bugs at bay. Even more interesting is that these beneficial bacteria can interact with your immune system in ways that turn off your inflammation and your chronic stress response, thereby reducing your pain and anxiety. Therefore, it’s vital to have “the right stuff” in your gut microbiota. A study recently conducted at UCLA found that women who consumed beneficial probiotics exhibited improved mood and cognition function on MRI, in both the resting state and in performing emotional recognition tasks.

An imbalance or overgrowth of gut bacteria, known as dysbiosis in the colon and SIBO in the small intestine, are many times overlooked in a conventional approach to chronic health disorders. This gastrointestinal dysbiosis or SIBO is best understood as “an overabundance of non-acute noninfectious GI microorganisms, adversely affecting the human host”. If you have chronic pain, anxiety or depression and dysbiosis or SIBO has not been found, it may be that no one has been looking for it! I have personally seen it time and time again with patients who tell me that they never felt depressed or anxious until they started experiencing problems with their gut or developed chronic pain or fibromyalgia sometime after the onset of G.I. health issues.

How Do You Know If It’s Playing A Role?

Within Functional Medicine there are many laboratory tests that can be utilized to check out the health of your gut and see if it’s affecting your brain health. For example, a Comprehensive Digestive Stool Analysis that maps out your “Good And Bad Bugs” (your gut microbiome) through DNA analysis. It also measures Calprotectin that checks inflammation levels in your intestines and Zonulin levels for “leaky gut” along with multiple other measurements of gut health. I also utilize a breath test that is the gold standard test for the presence of SIBO. Do you have chronic pain, anxiety, depression? There may be a gut-brain connection that has been overlooked. Tired of chasing symptoms, of taking drugs with all their side effects of not getting to the underlying causes of your health problems? If you answered yes, it is vital that you attend one of my FREE upcoming seminars on “The Gut-Brain Connection to Anxiety, Depression and Chronic Pain”. Join me, Dr. Greg Fors, on Monday, November 18th or Wednesday, November 20th at the Pain and Brain Healing Center in Blaine, MN. I will discuss how you can reinvent your life, naturally.

For directions and to reserve your space, seating is limited, call my clinic at 763-862-7100, you can also schedule a free consultation with me.

Dr. Greg Fors, D.C. is a Board-certified Chiropractic Neurologist (DIBCN). As the clinic director of the Pain and Brain Healing Center in Blaine Minnesota he specializes in a functional medicine approach to fibromyalgia, fatigue, food allergies, hypothyroidism, depression, anxiety and insomnia. If you have any questions or comments regarding this article you can contact Dr. Fors at 763-862-7100 He is a sought-after international lecturer for various post graduate departments and state associations. Dr. Fors is the author of the highly acclaimed book, “Why We Hurt” available through booksellers everywhere.

This Tidbits® is published by Falcon Prince Inc., a Minnesota Corporation, under licensing agreement with Tidbits® Media Inc., Montgomery, AL www.tidbitsmedia.com Tidbits® of the North Metro: Email: dean@realbits.com ● www.tidbitstwincities.com ● Phone: 763-218-0033

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New York Gov. Thomas Dewey the winner of his presidential race with incumbent Harry Truman in a front-page headline: “Dewey Defeats Truman.”

Truman would win by 114 electoral votes. ► On Oct. 29, 1956, Israeli armed forces push into Egypt toward the Suez Canal, initiating the Suez Crisis. They would soon be joined by French and British forces. The catalyst for the attack was the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser.

► On Nov. 1, 1512, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, one of Italian artist Michelangelo’s finest works, is exhibited to the public for the first time.

After demonstrating his mastery of sculpture, Michelangelo was called to ► On Oct. 28, 1965, construction is Rome in 1508. completed on the Gateway Arch, a spectacular 630-foot-high parabola of ► On Oct. 31, 1776, in his first speech stainless steel on the waterfront of St. before British Parliament since the Louis, Missouri. An internal tram system Americans signed the Declaration takes visitors to the top of the arch. of Independence, King George III acknowledges that all is not going well ► On Nov. 2, 1982, a fuel truck in a for Britain in the war. The British would military convoy explodes in the 1.7formally surrender five years later. mile long Salang Tunnel in Afghanistan, killing an estimated 3,000 people, mostly ► On Nov. 3, 1948, the Chicago Tribune Soviet soldiers traveling to Kabul. jumps the gun and mistakenly declares Believing it to be an attack, troops closed

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BIRDS (cont’d)

• A hummingbird’s heart is the size of a pea, which is actually the largest heart-to-body size ratio of any bird. It beats anywhere from 1,260 times per minute down to 50 beats per minute when the bird is hibernating overnight in cold temperatures. Almost 80% of a hummingbird’s weight is composed of its pectoral muscles. Proportionately speaking, they are the most powerful pectoral muscles in the entire bird kingdom. A hummer is capable of hovering like a helicopter in place for up to 90 minutes at a time, something no other bird can do.

• Pheasants were introduced into the U.S. in 1881 from their native China, when 26 were released in Oregon. Nine years later, the first pheasant hunting season was held in Oregon, with around 50,000 birds shot. Since then, the pheasant has spread to 40 states.

BIRDS IN TROUBLE • The Hudsonian godwit is a shore bird that has one of longest migrations

Page 2

both ends of the tunnel, trapping people ► On Nov. 8, 1951, Yankees catcher inside.

Yogi Berra is voted the American League’s most valuable player. He went ► On Nov. 6, 1528, the Spanish on to be the league MVP twice more, in conquistador Alvar Nunez Cabeza de 1954 and 1955.

Vaca is shipwrecked on a low sandy island off the coast of Texas. Starving, ► On Nov. 5, 1968, in one of the closest dehydrated and desperate, he is the first elections in U.S. history, Republican European to set foot on the soil of the challenger Richard Nixon defeats Vice future Lone Star state.

President Hubert Humphrey. Because of third-party candidate George Wallace, ► On Nov. 10, 1775, a resolution, neither Nixon nor Humphrey received drafted by future U.S. president John 50% of the vote.

Adams, creates the Continental Marines and is now observed as the birth date ► On Nov. 9, 1989, East German of the United States Marine Corps. The officials open the Berlin Wall, allowing motto of the service is Semper Fidelis, free travel from East to West Berlin for meaning “Always Faithful” in Latin. the first time since 1961. The next day, celebrating Germans began to tear down ► On Nov. 7, 1914, while World War I one of the ugliest and most infamous rages in Europe, a new weekly magazine, symbols of the Cold War. The wall was The New Republic, is first published in built to keep a flood of refugees from the United States. Though its first issue fleeing Communist East Germany to the sold only 875 copies, after a year the West. circulation reached 15,000. The New Republic still operates today as a weekly (c) 2019 Hearst Communications, Inc. All Rights Reserved journal of opinion.

on Earth: From northern Canada to southern Chile in the fall and back again in the spring, a distance of 6,000 miles (9,656 km) each way. Because of climate change, insects that normally appear at the same time the chicks hatch are instead hatching earlier and earlier due to warming temperatures in Arctic regions.

This leaves nothing for the chicks to eat, and they starve to death in their nest.

• In 1890, a hundred European starlings were imported from Europe and released in Central Park by an organization that wanted the U.S. to enjoy all the species of birds mentioned

by Shakespeare. The next year, 100 more starlings were released. Some 60 years later, the population of starlings in the U.S. reached an estimated 200 million, and they can now be found from coast to coast. Along the way, they usurped the bluebird by invading its territory, taking over its nesting sites, and preying on fledglings, thereby decimating its numbers.

• Swainson’s hawks eat mainly grasshoppers. The birds live in North America in the summer, and in South America in the winter. One researcher became alarmed at the sudden drop in the population of Swainson’s hawks, so he attached radio transmitters to several, and then followed one when it pinged a satellite indicating it was living in Argentina.

• When he arrived in Argentina and tracked that particular Swainson’s

hawk to a farmer’s field, he was dismayed to find dozens of Swainson’s hawks dead on the ground. In talking to the farmer, he discovered that local farmers had recently started using a new pesticide to kill grasshoppers that were eating their crops. The Swainson’s hawks were eating the poisoned grasshoppers, and then dying from ingesting the toxin. The grasshopper problem kept getting worse and worse, because the hawks were dying in such numbers that they could no longer keep the grasshopper population under control. The fewer hawks there were, the more grasshoppers there were.

• The researcher was able to convince the local farmers to stop using the deadly pesticide in order to let the hawk population rebound, and their numbers have since increased.

• What was probably the world’s largest ever flock of birds passed over Ontario, Canada, in 1866. Composed of perhaps 3 billion passenger pigeons, the flock darkened the skies and was a mile wide and more than 300 miles (483 km) long. It took 14 hours to pass a single point in southern Ontario. It may have been the largest assembly of any animal on the planet ever, with perhaps only locusts topping it for sheer numbers. It’s been estimated that 40% of all birds that existed were passenger pigeons. Their droppings nourished entire forests. Due to over-hunting, the passenger pigeon went extinct in 1914.

• In 1958, Chairman Mao Zedong of China declared that since every sparrow ate an average of 4 pounds (1.8 kg) of grain each year, killing 1 million sparrows would free up enough grain to feed 60,000 people. The entire country was mobilized to drive the sparrow into extinction. Only after the campaign ended did scientists discover that sparrows actually eat primarily insects, not grain.

With no sparrows around to eat bugs, the bugs had free rein to eat the crops, and the resulting famine killed about 30 million

people.

• During World War II, a plane landed on the isolated island of Guam, where there were thriving populations of birds and no snakes to be found.

However, it’s likely that a single pregnant brown tree snake escaped from the cargo onto the island, where it found no natural enemies and a plentiful supply of birds.

Today Guam has an estimated 3,000 brown tree snakes per square mile, and ten out of the 12 species of birds that used to inhabit the island are extinct. Without the birds, the population of spiders skyrocketed, and there are now 40 times more spiders on Guam than there are on neighboring islands. The forests of Guam are in decline because there are no birds to spread the seeds.

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REMARKABLE PEOPLE

FLOYD COLLINS By: Janet Spencer

• When a large cave was found in Kentucky, at first it was important only because of its reserves of saltpeter, used in the manufacture of gunpowder. In the mid-1800s, a cave explorer mapped much of this cave, finding it so large that it was dubbed “Mammoth Cave.”

When the saltpeter reserves ran out, it was promoted as a tourist attraction instead.

• In the early 1900s, tourism to the area boomed, and access to any of a number of entrances to the cave guaranteed a steady income to whoever owned that entrance. The Collins family lived nearby, and Floyd Collins was determined to cash in. In 1917, he found a wonderful cave, naming it Crystal Cave. But it was difficult to access and few tourists came. Floyd continued to search for a better cave.

• Floyd Collins began methodically exploring every nook of the cave whose opening was big enough for him to squeeze into. On January 30, 1925, the 37year-old explorer wiggled into an opening that he’d been working on expanding for weeks. With nothing but a kerosene lantern and a rope, he dropped into a skinny tunnel and slithered through a narrow downwardsloping chimney until he entered a large underground room. When his lantern began to sputter, he headed out.

But as he worked his way through the tight passage, the ceiling collapsed. One large rock landed on his legs, while gravel and sand filled in the spaces around his legs. He was trapped.

• It took more than a day for a friend of his to figure out where he was and wiggle down into the cave close enough to yell, confirming that Floyd was trapped. He took the news back to Floyd’s family. Floyd was 60 feet (18 m) below the surface, at the end of a claustrophobic 140-foot (43 m) twisting tunnel, lying on his back in an opening the size of a coffin, with his legs trapped. (cont) • Floyd’s brother Homer wriggled into the cave to assess the situation. He brought food that he hand-fed Floyd, and tried to dig him out. When Homer emerged

in defeat eight hours later, he found 100 or so townfolk gathered around the cave entrance, discussing options.

• On February 1, a newspaper reporter crawled into the cave and came out with a newspaper story that went coast-to-coast within days. Radio newscasters picked it up, and soon people thronged to the cave bringing ideas, food, and cameras. Over 4,000 cars bearing 10,000 people crowded the cave entrance, awaiting news. Rescuers strung electric lights all the way down to Floyd.

• On February 2, Floyd’s caveexploring buddy made it down the tunnel, and organized a group who wrapped a rope around Floyd and tried to pull him out. On February 3, a bucket brigade hauled tons of stones out of the cave, but no matter how much rock they removed from around Floyd, more rock fell to take its place. On February 4, the reporter returned to Collins with a jack, spending hours trying to remove the overburden. On February 5, a cave-in cut off all access to Floyd.

• On February 6, the National Guard started digging a shaft. On February 16, they finally penetrated the cave opening underneath Floyd Collins. By then he’d been trapped for 17 days, of which 12 had been without food, water, light, or companionship.

There was no sign of life. Floyd had died perhaps three days earlier, alone and in the dark.

• Two months later, Floyd Collins’ body was finally removed. His father sold the cave. The media attention surrounding this event convinced the government that Mammoth Cave needed to be a national park, rather than private property. Floyd is now buried in a local church cemetery, and the entrance to the cave where he died is permanently blocked off to be sure it never happens again.

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The Veteran’s

Post

by Freddy Groves

Congressional Offices in Veterans Hospitals

it’s OK for members of Congress and their staffs to set up shop in VA hospitals. They were given occupancy permits with a time limit, and now they’re refusing to move out.

One has made public statements that the VA says are untrue, which got a heated letter in response. Back and forth they go.

In retaliation, the congressmembers drafted a bill that would force the VA to provide space for them to talk to veterans.

The bill is currently sitting in committee. An identical bill died in committee last year.

This, of course, raises questions. If the bill becomes law, does it mean every VA facility would have to provide space? What about those that aren’t hospitals per se, but do serve veterans, such as community clinics, assisted living and nursing homes, outpatient clinics and vet centers? How much time are congressmen likely to spend in those spaces, when they have others? Who’s going to pay for any renovations?

Of the 535 members of Congress, only six are pushing for dedicated space. The others manage to conduct business without it.

I can’t imagine this being OK anywhere else: Members of Congress have commandeered space in Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals to use as their personal offices. It started with one, and quickly grew to six U.S. representatives in one state who’ve set up shop in hospitals. They want to talk to veterans, they say.

The VA wants them out by the end of the year. It wants the space back for medical purposes.

One congressman claims it’s personal because of something he said in a meeting with the VA. Snarling has gone back and forth, as VA Secretary Robert Wilkie has said that the representatives already have offices in Washington, D.C., and their districts. Legally, he (c) 2019 King Features Synd., says, he’s found nothing that says Inc.

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If Social Security Calls ...

Hang Up!

Thieves are continuing to target seniors where we’re most vulnerable. Most common is the Social Security scam.

Annoyingly enough, I received one of these calls today on my cellphone. I didn’t answer, of course, so they left a voice message. My Social Security number had been associated with crime, they said. If I didn’t call them back immediately, they would call the police and take out a warrant for my arrest. And so on ...

While scam calls can come from any area code, sometimes they use the real Social Security Administration phone number (1-800-772-1213). It’s easy for them to spoof (fake) any number. However, there’s one big difference. No one from

Social Security is going to call you with threats. If Social Security has something to say to you, it will send a letter in the mail.

There are many reasons not to give out your personal information to someone you don’t know, but the biggest ones are that your benefits can be diverted, and your identity can be stolen.

To protect yourself, make use of your Caller ID. If you don’t recognize the number, don’t answer. And leave your Social Security card at home when you go out.

If something doesn’t sound right on a phone call you do answer, hang up. The minute someone asks you to verify anything (your name, address, bank information, Social Security number) or threatens you in any way, just hang up.

To hear what is said in these scam calls, go online to www.consumer.ftc.gov and put “Social Security scam” in the search box. Click on “This is what a Social Security scam sounds like.” You can hear a recording of a call and know what to expect if you do answer one. (c) 2019 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Page 5

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SAUSAGE, STICKS, JERKY Regular or Garlic summer................. $3.54/lb with cheese $5.24 lb

Fresh Brat ...................................... $3.54/lb Smoked Country Sausage............. $3.84/lb Smoked Weiners or Ring Bologna.. $4.99/lb Fresh Breakfast Links.................... $4.24/lb Smoked Maple Sausage................ $4.04/lb Wild Rice and Cheese Sausage.... $4.54/lb Pepper, Terriyaki, & Pepperoni Sticks.. $5.59/lb on wet weight Jerky (regular, pepper or Terriyaki.... $7.44/lb on wet weight --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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1.

It was actually the second complex built for the military during FDR’s presidency.

In the 1930s, a large complex was commissioned and constructed in Washington DC's Foggy Bottom neighborhood to house the ever-growing U.S. War Department, but before it was even completed, the army determined it to be too small for its needs (this building is now home to the U.S. State Department). The War Department continued to swell, and was eventually being housed in 17 different buildings. In early 1941, Brigadier General Brehorn Somervell, head of the construction branch of the U.S. Army, was tasked with finding a permanent solution to the space problem. Somervell met with architect George Bergstrom, giving him just three days to come up with a design that would accommodate 40,000 employees and 10,000 cars.

2.

It owes its unique shape to a different planned location. Several sites were considered for the new military complex. The original choice was a sprawling stretch of land just to the east of Arlington Cemetery, on land that once belonged to Confederate General Robert E. Lee. At the time, the tract was managed by the Department of Agriculture, which ran an experimental farm on the land. Arlington Farms was bound by access roads, forming a slightly irregular pentagon shape. The idea of using Arlington Farms was soon scrapped, however, over concerns about the sensitivity of placing a military complex so close to the nation’s most hallowed ground, and President Roosevelt instead selected a site that had once been home to Hoover Field, the first airport to service the Washington, D.C., area. As it was too late to start a new design process, the pentagon shape remained, though its five sides were straightened and smoothed to the more standard form we know today. The Pentagon was built on land occupied by the descendants of former slaves. During the Civil War, a settlement known as Freedman’s Village sprung up on Robert E. Lee’s former estate, as escaped slaves made their way to the non-Union held territory. The government agreed to evict more than 150 families from East Arlington and appropriate their land.

3.

One of Somervell’s first dictates was that the massive building be no taller than five stories (plus two stories below ground). This was due, in part, to concerns over disrupting the scenic views to and from the Virginia site and Washington, D.C. There was also a more practical reason–the steel shortage already underway in a nation girding for war. Instead of steel, the building was built primarily of reinforced concrete, 435,000 cubic yards of it.

Much of the filler for this concrete was dredged from the grounds around the Pentagon itself, including the Potomac River. Concrete was also used to build a series of ramps throughout the complex, which eliminated the need for steel-enforced elevators. Additional concessions to the war included the lack of bronze doors, plaques and any other touches that were deemed purely decorative.

4.

While Somervell was officially in charge of the Pentagon project, it fell to one of his subordinates, the then Major Leslie Groves, to make it a reality. Groves oversaw the day-to-day construction of the site, successfully dealing with a series of strikes and managing the many strong-willed military figures exerting pressure on him to complete the project ahead of time. While still working on the Pentagon, Groves was also put in charge of the Manhattan Project, America’s successful effort to develop the world’s first atomic bomb. Groves was involved in nearly every aspect of the top-secret project, selecting and constructing clandestine sites for the research facilities and its workers across the country.

5.

In an America still highly segregated by race, the Pentagon’s planners found it necessary to design the building with separate facilities for black and white employees, including “white” and “colored” cafeterias for the construction crews and 284 bathrooms, twice the number needed for the anticipated staff levels.

(Continued Pg 7)

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TIDBITS TRAVELS TO SOME RAINFORESTS By: Kathy Wolfe If you don’t know much about rainforests, you’ve come to the right place! This week, Tidbits offers the details on these geographical wonders.

• Rainforests cover 6% of Earth’s land surface. Yet, more than half of all plants, animals, and insects – about 30 million species – dwell in and depend on tropical rainforest ecosystems. They used to cover 14% of the land surface, but deforestation from ranching, mining, logging, and agriculture have led to loss. More than 720,000 square miles (2 million sq. km) of rain forests around the world were cut down between 2000 and 2012. It’s estimated that an area the size of football field is destroyed every second.

• When we think of rainforests, we usually visualize a hot, lush, humid jungle near the equator. But they can be found all over the world, on every continent except Antarctica. Temperate rainforests can be found anywhere between the tropics and the polar circles. In order to be classified as a rainforest, the area must simply receive a lot of rainfall. That’s true of the Pacific temperate rainforest region of North America, which is characterized by high rainfall, as much as 13 feet (4 m) in some areas. It’s the largest temperate rainforest on Earth, spreading from Alaska to Northern California.

• The Pacific rainforest begins at Prince William Sound in Alaska and extends down the British Columbia Coast, through Washington, Oregon, and into Northern California. Southeast Alaska is home to Tongass National Forest, the

Page 6

largest national forest in the U.S., most of which is a rainforest. The western side of Olympic National Park, located on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula, has two rainforests, each receiving annual rainfall of about 150 inches (380 cm), the second wettest area in the U.S. Only the Hawaiian island of Kauai gets more rain.

• While palm and nut trees dominate a tropical rainforest, the temperate Pacific rainforest is dominated by coniferous trees, such as spruce, hemlock, Douglas fir, cedar, pine, maple, and sequoia. The bark of many trees is covered with moss. Lush ferns, moss, and mushrooms thrive in the Pacific rainforest, along with flowering shrubs and berries.

• Tropical rainforests have a warm, wet climate with no dry season. Located within 10 degrees of the equator, the average annual rainfall is at least 66 inches (168 cm), but can surpass 390 inches (1,000 cm). They have an average daytime temperature of 86 degrees (30 C).

• The top of the rainforest is called the canopy, consisting of vines and the tops of trees. It can reach a height of up to 160 feet (49 m). Below the canopy is the understory, comprised of ferns, flowers, dead leaves, vines, and tree trunks. The canopy is often so thick that it can take 10 minutes for a falling raindrop to reach the floor.

• The Amazon rainforest is the world’s largest tropical rainforest, crossing eight South American countries.

Covering 1.4 billion acres (2,123,562 sq. miles; 5.5 million sq. km), if it were a country, the Amazon would be the ninth largest in the world.

• Sixty-four percent of the Amazon rainforest is in Brazil, but it spreads across eight countries, including Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, and Colombia.

More than 20 million people live in the

Brazilian portion of the rain forest.

• There are nearly 400 billion trees in the Amazon, divided into 16,000 different species. Palm tree species are the most common.

• Twenty percent of all bird species live in the Amazon rainforest, along with 2.5 million different insect species, 2,000 unique species of butterflies, and 40,000 different types of plants. This rain forest contains 10% of the world’s known species.

• Eighteen percent of the world’s total of tropical rainforests are found in Africa. The Democratic Republic of Congo has the second largest in the world.

• The rainforests of Australia are lush with 2,800 different plant species, including leafy ferns and luxurious orchids. Eighty percent of the flowers are not found anywhere else in the world.

Some of the trees are 2,000 years old, towering to heights of nearly 200 feet (60 m). Sixty percent of this continent’s butterflies live in the rainforests there.

• There’s a vast difference in the animal life between temperate and tropical rainforests. The Pacific temperate rainforest is home to bobcats, lynx, coyotes, voles, spotted owls, foxes, deer, and the largest remaining wild herd of Roosevelt elk. Contrast this with the tropical rainforest animal list that includes jaguars, tigers, monkeys, sloths, orangutans, poison dart frogs, and a huge variety of snakes. Many animals remain in the rainforest’s canopy and very rarely come down to the ground.

• Plants and animals aren’t the only living things in the rainforests. Brazil is home to nearly 70 tribes who live in the rainforest with no contact with the outside world. About 250,000 indigenous peoples live in the Amazon rainforest. The island of New Guinea has over 40 uncontacted tribal groups. New Guinea’s Korowai tribe lives in tree houses nearly 150 feet

(45 m) above ground.

• Although the words rainforest and jungle are sometimes thought to be the same thing, there are many differences.

Rainforests have thick canopies of tall trees that block out the light, while jungles let light in, contributing to abundant plant life that frequently makes it difficult to navigate through the vegetation. The lack of sun in a rainforest keeps vegetation from springing up on the floor. The floor of a rainforest is wet and soft, while the jungle floor is hard. Rainforests are constantly wet, while jungles are in dry areas. Jungles are frequently found surrounding rainforests.

• Rainforest plants are vital not only to those living there, but to the entire world! Twenty-five percent of the ingredients in our medicines come from these plants. There are more than 2,000 tropical forest plants that have been identified as having anti-cancer properties.

Seventy percent of cancer-treating drugs can only be found in rainforests.

Other plants contain elements that treat inflammation, diabetes, malaria, heart and skin conditions, arthritis, glaucoma, and muscle tension. The bark of the Tabebuia tree, found in Central and South American rainforests, produces an extract that is brewed into a tea called lapacho.

It’s been known to help with infections, allergies, diabetes, asthma, and bronchitis, as well as helping alleviate side effects of chemotherapy. Although the potential for further use in medicines has been proven, just 1% of rainforest plants have been assessed for those medicinal properties.

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• Makeshift wooden blockhouses would often be built on the decks of ships, providing extra By: Janet Spencer quarters for sailors. When invaders boarded the ship, sailors would enter these blockhouse quarters, close and lock the doors, and then start shooting through holes in the planks. This set up a withering crossfire on the deck of the ship few pirates could withstand. The phrase “closed quarters” came out of this practice, and “close quarters” now denotes any situation in uncomfortably tight proximity.

• The Dutch word “vrijbuiter” means “free booter” and described pirates, rogues, and privateers who could be hired to wage wars on the open sea, or paid to provide a blockade at a crucial port. The term transferred into Spanish and then French before coming into English as “filibuster.” In the 1800s the American government hired many of these privately-funded fleets to destabilize central American countries, and “filibuster” came to mean any sort of blockade or stonewalling that killed forward momentum.

• In the 1600s, British war ships were divided into “first rate,” “second rate,” “third rate,” and so on, all the way down to “sixth rate,” and this rating system described how large they were, how many sailors were on board, and how many guns they had.

• Before the invention of radios, communication between ships was by semaphore signals delivered with a series of flag movements. Whenever anything happened, the flagmen would be busy waving those flags around, and the flags would be flapping away. Today a “flap” means any sort of agitated situation.

• There were only two reasons for a ship to lower its flag, or “colors”: the arrival of a senior vessel, or as a gesture of surrender. Any ship emerging from battle “with flying colors” was announcing a triumphant win.

• Large ships such as battleships and aircraft carriers are called “high profile” while submarines and small fishing boats are called “low profile.”

• When a ship was trying to track down another ship in international waters but had only a vague idea of where it was, it was called a “cold pursuit.” When the ship came into view and the chase heated up, it was called a “hot pursuit.” Ships engaged in a hot pursuit were allowed to leave international waters and follow their quarry into a nation’s waters in order to secure their prey.

• Cannonballs were more dangerous if they were heated to red-hot before being fired. It took a skilled team to be able to heat the cannonball, load it into a cannon, and fire it without damaging or injuring anyone on the team. This team became known as “hot shots.”

• When sea captains were sizing up an opponent for battle, the ships would often sail right by each other, offering a chance to size up the likely outcome of an engagement, leading to the term “to make a pass.”

• The “cap” of a ship was the prow, and when a ship was preparing for battle, the helmsman would be ordered to “set your cap” in a direction designed to start the engagement.

It then became a phrase denoting a woman setting her sights on a particular man.

• The height of a ship’s flag was determined by a number of pegs installed along the mast, and which peg the flags were tied to. There was an entire etiquette that dictated the height of a flag, and warships coming into proximity of a ship being captained by a superior were expected to lower their flag by switching which peg it was tied to. When applied to a soldier being reprimanded, it was called “being taken down a peg or two.”

Corn Fed Angus Steers

SAILING TERMS

THE PENTAGON CONTINUED However, in June, 1941, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802, which prohibited segregation among federal employees. making the Pentagon, for a time, the only nonsegregated building in Virginia.

6.

The groundbreaking ceremony was held on September 11, 1941, and work quickly got underway, with more than 15,000 workers on site around the clock. The demand for office space was so great that the first workers moved in before the complex was fully finished, and many employees found themselves working in offices without walls and travelling around the complex on wooden planks laid across open construction pits. It’s been estimated that under normal circumstances, construction should have taken four years—the Pentagon went up in just 16 months. This speedy construction was costly, however: The project was initially budgeted at $35 million, but wound up costing $63 million, more than $900 million in today’s money.

THE UNITED NATIONS By: Kathy Wolfe Many of us think of the United Nations as a tall building in New York City, but there’s much more to this organization. In commemoration of United Nations Day on October 24, Tidbits takes a quick look into its beginnings and functions.

• The term “United Nations” was first used on New Years’ Day, 1942, when, in the midst of World War II, President Franklin Roosevelt used the title to refer to the representatives of 26 nations who had pledged to continue an alliance to fight the Axis Powers that consisted of Germany, Italy, and Japan.

• The “United Nations” became the official term for the Allied nations during the war. All countries supporting the Allies signed the United Nations

7. The U.S. Capitol could fit into just one of the building’s five sides, and with 5,100,000 square feet, it has twice the office space of the Empire State Building. While it is possible to get from the furthest points in under 10 minutes, that requires taking a shortcut through the open courtyard at the center of the complex (known as Ground Zero), and walking very fast, the Department of Defense provides a fleet of self-propelled vehicles (SPVs), that are allowed to zip around at up to 3 mph.

8.

On 9/11/01, American Airlines Flight 77 smashed into the building’s east side, which was unoccupied due to the construction.

Nearly 200 people lost their lives in the attack, but recently installed security improvements,

declaration and declared war on the Axis Powers.

• The United Nations as we know it didn’t officially come into existence until October 24, 1945, shortly after the end of World War II. Delegates from 50 countries gathered in San Francisco to draw up the organization’s charter. It was ratified that day, and signed the following June by those delegates. Poland, although not represented at the original gathering, signed the charter, bringing the total of original members to 51. Today, there are 193 Member States.

• Construction on the U.N. headquarters began in September of 1948, and was completed four years later at a cost of $65 million ($613.2 million in today’s dollars). The land in Manhattan where the building was constructed beside the East River was the previous home of slaughterhouses, tenements, and a pencil factory.

• The most well-known goal of the U.N. is, of course, to keep peace

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including reinforcing the building’s concrete and installing blast-proof windows and walls, undoubtedly saved hundred of lives. Plans were soon underway for extensive reconstruction, dubbed the Phoenix Project, It was completed in February 2003 at a cost of $5 billion—five times the cost of the original building.

throughout the world and develop friendly relations. It attempts to uphold law and order in the world, including providing security to countries where civilians are attacked by rebels or terrorists.

• In the area of human rights, the U.N.’s goal is to reduce poverty and hunger, providing $12.5 billion annually in humanitarian aid. Through its World Food Program, it supplies food to 90 million people in 75 countries and assists upwards of 30 million refugees.

• Considering that there are an estimated 3 billion people without basic handwashing facilities, it is the aim of the U.N. to combat disease by providing the facilities and educating in sanitation procedures. Since 785 million people lack safe drinking water, the organization seeks to remedy the situation. The U.N. also vaccinates 58% of the world’s children.

• The branch of the United Nations known as UNESCO specializes in promoting education, sciences,

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and culture. Their goal is education opportunities for all.

• UNICEF was created as part of the United Nations in 1946 to provide emergency food and healthcare to the children left devastated by World War II. U.N. member governments contribute 65% of UNICEF’s resources, with the remainder donated by private groups and citizens. “Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF” was started in 1950 as a fund-raising event that allowed millions of children to collect funds for the organization.

Participants from 191 countries carry small orange boxes to the houses they visit on Halloween and donate the proceeds, a program that has raised more than $188 million.

• Ongoing U.N. projects include providing affordable, sustainable energy to all, transportation services, reduction of waste, protection of ecosystems and forests, and combating global warming.

Page 7

(c) 2019 King Features Synd., Inc.

► According to anthropologists, if you’d never worn shoes, there would be a larger gap between your big toe and the rest of your toes.

► In China, it is traditional for men to do the knitting.

► It’s been claimed that it was customary in Austria at one time for women to wear small dogs draped about their shoulders for warmth.

► On average, twins arrive 24 days earlier than babies from single births.

► After the Civil War, Varina Davis -- widow of Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy -- and Julia Grant -- widow of Ulysses S. Grant, famed Union general and later president of the United States -- ended up living near each other. According to historians, they became very close friends.

► Those who study such things say that only about half the French-speaking people in the world actually live in France.

► Many people think that adding cream to coffee makes it colder, but that’s only partially correct. As it turns out, after cooling the coffee a little bit, the cream forms a layer of fat molecules across the surface, insulating the coffee and keeping it warmer longer.

► There were no armadillos in Texas until the 1840s.

► It was Britain’s Prince Albert who originated the boutonniere. It seems that while they were courting, Queen Victoria offered a small bouquet of flowers to her future husband. Prince Albert used his pocketknife to cut a hole in the lapel of his jacket and put the stems of the bouquet through it.

► In February of this year, a Japanese man named Yuya Yamada broke his own Guinness World Record for the largest hula hoop spun around the body three consecutive times -- the hoop in question measured 17.72 feet in diameter.

► Florida famously harbors many species of orchid -and one of them smells so bad that it’s been known to make bees sick. It’s called the Violent Stench.

► Those who study such things say that in tunnels that have by: Samantha Weaver lighting on the sides rather than above, the placement of those lights can influence the likelihood of people speeding. Evidently, the farther apart the side lights are placed, the faster drivers go.

► Here’s a sign of our increasingly cluttered lives: When the National Association of Professional Organizers was formed in 1985, it had five members. Today there are more than 3,500 registered organizers with the group.

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• As Jim Robbins explains in his book, “The Wonder of Birds,” there are two categories of newly-hatched birds. Those that require weeks of careful attention from their parents are called “altricial” meaning “requiring nourishment.” This includes most song birds and raptors: robins, sparrows, owls, eagles etc.

Then there are those that are able to function as soon as they hatch, called “precocial” from the Latin words meaning “mature before its Helping New and time.” Precocial birds include most domestic Existing Businesses species such as chickens, turkeys, and ducks; game birds like pheasants and partridges; and big birds like ostrich and emu.

• Capsaicin is the substance that makes spicy chili peppers hot. In humans, a dilution of ten parts per million of capsaicin will send +Custom Support sensations of pain and distress to the brain. But and Training birds lack the nerve receptors that register this sensation, and can eat capsaicin in dilutions of 20,000 parts per million without noticing III Wayne A. Blosberg PA anything. The seeds of the pepper plant are Accounting Services Bookkeeping thus spread far and wide after being eaten by birds and landing in a pile of fertile bird poop Tax Planning & Preparation Payroll far away. Some bird seed manufacturers add 763-780-4015 capsaicin to their bird seed to deter squirrels.

8338 Hwy 65 Spring Lake Park • There are about 350 species of hummingbirds, all of which live in the Americas. The smallest is the calliope hummingbird, which weighs about as much as two paperclips. Hummingbird eggs are the size of a kidney bean. Hummingbirds display more NOW HIRING! colorful plumage than any other bird species, and their feathers reflect light. The tiny calliope hummingbird migrates 3,000 miles (4,828 km) each year, from the U.S. to Mexico and back Hirin again in the spring.

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